Water-air turbine

Abstract

The subject of the invention is a water-air turbine, which is characterised in that its frame supporting structure (1) consists of angle profiles (2) connected to rectangular frames (3, 7), which are detachably connected to a rotary assembly (11) equipped with two rotating shafts (10) mounted in holes (5, 5') of rectangular frames (3, 7), while two elliptical guides (9) are detachably connected to the angle profiles (2) of the frame supporting structure (1), under rolling rollers (57) of trolley assemblies (13, 13') inseparably connected with at least two blade assemblies (14) symmetrically arranged on the circumferences of elliptical guides (9), each of which consists of a lower frame supporting structure (19) equipped with a support plate (20) and an upper frame supporting structure (21) equipped with the support plate (22) connected to each other hingedly by means of a pin (23) and by means of upper rods (35) and lower rods (35') placed in profile connectors (34, 34') and hingedly connected to them, positioned parallel to each other, ended with ring elements (36, 36'), wherein the upper rods (35) pass through the ring elements (36') of the lower rods (35'), while the lower rods (35') pass through the ring elements (36) of the upper rods (35), and moreover, on the lower rods (35') between each lower connector (34') and the ring element (36) of the upper rod (35), an expansive cylindrical spring (37) is mounted, while the lower frame supporting structure (19) of the blade assembly (14) is inseparably connected to two link assemblies (12) equipped with grippers (43), in the lower recesses (48) of which roller drive chains (18) mounted on toothed chain wheels (17) of the rotary assembly (11) are placed.

Description

[0001] Water-air turbine

[0002] The subject of the invention is a water-air turbine utilising the thrust power of a water or air medium (wind), converting the mechanical energy of a water or air stream into rotational motion of its shafts, used to drive an electric generator for the purpose of generating electrical energy.

[0003] The water turbine adapted to extract energy from weak water sources such as river currents is known from Polish patent application No P.385638, characterised in that it is constructed of an inlet channel and a turbine chamber, in which there is a turbine rotor with a vertical axis suspended from above on a set of support beams and supported from below by a pivot, positioned as if in a gap between two appropriately shaped sides: a guiding and directing side blocking one side of the rotor, the one which during operation has a movement opposite to the direction of water flowing through the turbine, while the blades of this rotor may have straight planes parallel to the axis of water thrust with their ends bent, which together with perpendicular reinforcing plates forms scoops, wherein the blades may be connected near their ends with adjacent links with the possibility of inserting additional short blades into them.

[0004] A device consisting of two wheels and an elastic element stretched on them along with blades placed on it, which can fold or unfold depending on the direction of flow, is also known from Japanese patent application No JP2004138015A. The whole is supported by a frame, with a tilt limiter located on one side of the blade base. The wheels of the subject device rotate in one direction regardless of the direction of wind or tidal current, thus improving the efficiency of their energy utilisation. A device having eight turbines connected in series along a flow channel is also known from Japanese patent application No JPS5954777A. All turbines are connected by a chain to generate a strong rotational force that rotates an electrical machine (generator) at high speed. Each blade of the water turbine consists of two inner and outer plates that are hinged together. An energygenerating device for an interlocking water turbine, characterised in that the blades retract above the water surface and unfold under their own weight and centrifugal force as they enter below the water surface.

[0005] A double-chain water turbine is also known from Chinese patent application No CN112855406A, which is characterised in that it comprises a bearing turbine structure and an internal resistance turbine structure, wherein the bearing turbine structure comprises two parallel shafts equipped with gears and two bearing pulleys connected by two parallel bearing transmission belts equipped with several blades, while the internal resistance turbine structure comprises two drive shafts, each equipped with two parallel drive wheels connected by two parallel drive belts with flat blades attached to them in series and a gear that meshes with the gear of the bearing turbine.

[0006] A device for generating energy using a water stream, consisting of a left and right fixed axis, four gears, a driven axis, the chain, blade tilt control brackets, fixed brackets and blades, is also known from Korean patent No KR101121709B1. The blade tilt control brackets are mounted at the bottom of the chain at regular intervals, with the first blade mounting pins mounted on the fixed brackets and the second blade mounting pins movably located in a longitudinal vertical hole of the blade tilt control bracket. During use of the device, the blade adjusts its position relative to the flowing water stream by moving its second pin in the aforementioned vertical hole of the bracket.

[0007] A water engine (turbine) driven by river current containing the chain with blades cooperating with two gears is also known from Polish utility model No PL69925Y1, wherein the chain has selected external links replaced with hangers enabling the attachment of blades, characterised in that a hanger roller passes through the lower part of each hanger, on which a blade holder is rotatably mounted between the hangers, while on the opposite side to the hanger there is a support roller. The blade and the support roller shaft, on which two support rollers are placed, are attached to each blade holder. Moreover, the water engine contains two angle bars spaced a short distance apart, between which the blade holders are located. In the lower part of the chain located below the main shaft and auxiliary shaft placed between the two angle bars, as the chain moves under the pressure of water pressing on the blades, the support rollers move along the outer walls of the lower arms of the angle bars, and the bearing rollers along the inner walls of the lower arms of the angle bars. Additionally, the water engine contains two lower cross beams and two upper cross beams.

[0008] A water turbine that recovers tidal current energy using a flat blade and converts it into driving force rotating a shaft is also known from Korean patent No KR101121709B1. The device has three pairs of internal and external links. A rotary link hingedly connects the blade bracket to the chain link and hingedly attaches it to the frame. The free end of the chain link arm is hingedly attached to the external link, and the free end of the rotary link is hingedly attached to the blade. The hinged connection of the rotary link, consisting of a hinged connection between the arm and the link, is manipulated by a cam guide block so that the blade in the downward direction between both gears is common for flow in both directions of the sea current. A bidirectional tidal energy recovery system causes the blade to return to the upward direction between both gears.

[0009] A disadvantage of the above solutions is their low efficiency resulting from the lack of proper adaptation of their blades to the direction of water or air (wind) flow, as well as their low strength and load-bearing capacity.

[0010] The term “hinged connection” used in the further content of the patent description and patent claims should be treated as a connection between two parts that enables their rotational movement relative to each other and structurally may constitute, for example, a connection of these parts with each other by a pin or shaft that passes through the sleeves of these parts and / or their openings.

[0011] The aim of the present invention is to develop a new design of the waterair turbine, converting the mechanical energy of the water stream (river or stream), or wind force into rotational movement of its rotating shafts, ensuring high efficiency and high strength parameters, enabling the turbine to be mounted in various difficult operating conditions.

[0012] The water-air turbine according to the invention having a metal frame supporting structure connected to rotating shafts equipped with toothed chain wheels driven by drive chains, to which blade assemblies are attached, is characterised in that its frame supporting structure consists of angle profiles connected to rectangular frames, which are detachably connected to a rotary assembly equipped with two rotating shafts mounted in openings of rectangular frames, while two elliptical guides are detachably connected to the angle profiles of the frame supporting structure, under rolling rollers of trolley assemblies inseparably connected with at least two symmetrically arranged on the circumferences of elliptical guides blade assemblies, each of which consists of a lower frame supporting structure equipped with a support plate and an upper frame supporting structure also equipped with the support plate connected to each other hingedly by means of the pin and by means of lower and upper rods placed in profile connectors and hingedly connected to them, positioned parallel to each other and ended with ring elements, wherein the upper rods pass through the ring elements of the lower rods, while the lower rods pass through the ring elements of the upper rods, and moreover, on the lower rods between each lower connector and the ring element of the upper rod, an expansive cylindrical spring is mounted, while the lower frame supporting structure of the blade assembly is inseparably connected to two link assemblies equipped with grippers, in the lower recesses of which roller drive chains mounted on toothed chain wheels of the rotary assembly are placed.

[0013] Preferably, the upper U-profile connectors are welded to the tubular element of the upper frame supporting structure of each blade assembly, while the lower U-profile connectors are welded to the tubular element of the lower frame supporting structure, wherein these connectors are positioned symmetrically and at equal distances from each other.

[0014] Moreover, preferably, the angle profiles of the frame supporting structure are positioned in pairs opposite and parallel to each other and are connected by welding to two plate rectangular frames, wherein one frame on both its shorter sides has flat rectangular offsets with round non-through holes, while the other frame is detachably connected to another rectangular frame of the frame supporting structure, whose shorter sides have flat rectangular offsets with round through holes coaxially positioned to the holes of the rectangular offsets of the first frame, and when the external upper and lower surfaces of the angle profiles of the frame supporting structure are equipped with two vertically positioned L- shaped offsets each, to which two tubular elliptical guides are screwed.

[0015] Moreover, preferably, the rotary assembly consists of two rotating shafts, one end of which is rotatably mounted in bearings placed in a housing detachably connected to the non-through holes of the rectangular offsets of the first rectangular frame of the frame supporting structure, and the other ends of the rotating shafts are rotatably mounted in ring bearings press-fitted in the holes of the rectangular offsets of the next rectangular frame of the frame supporting structure and partially protrude beyond this rectangular frame, and of four toothed chain wheels press-fitted at both ends of both rotating shafts, wherein the toothed chain wheels are encircled by roller drive chains.

[0016] Moreover, preferably, the lower frame supporting structure of the blade assembly consists of two tubular elements positioned horizontally and parallel to each other with both ends bent vertically downwards, connected by means of two flat bar elements positioned perpendicular to them, wherein a vertically positioned tubular element is welded to the ends of one tubular element, and a diagonally positioned tubular element is welded to the ends of the other tubular element, wherein the upper end of the vertically positioned tubular element is welded to the upper end of the diagonally positioned tubular element so that these two tubular elements form an inverted “V” profile, and both ends of these welded tubular elements are crowned with another horizontally positioned tubular element welded to them, to the upper surface of which sleeves are welded positioned at equal distances from each other, wherein the support plate is welded to the horizontally and diagonally positioned tubular elements.

[0017] In turn, the upper frame supporting structure of the blade assembly is a rectangular frame formed from longer tubular elements and shorter tubular elements, to which the support plate is welded, wherein sleeves positioned at equal distances from each other are welded to the lower surface of one longer tubular element, positioned between the sleeves of the tubular element of the lower frame supporting structure of the blade assembly, wherein the pin is mounted in these sleeves.

[0018] Moreover, preferably, the link assembly consists of a cuboid internally hollow housing, with four round through holes for cylindrical pins and a vertically positioned bean-shaped through hole made on its wider walls, and of a gripper with an inverted “T” profile, in whose vertical member a threaded hole is made, and its horizontal member with two round through holes has a longitudinal cuboid lower recess for a roller drive chain, in which two pins are press-fitted, also mounted in the gripper holes, wherein this housing is connected to the gripper by means of a screw placed in the housing hole and screwed into the threaded hole of the gripper.

[0019] Moreover, preferably, the trolley assembly consists of two L-shaped angle bars and a spacer element placed between them connected to these angle bars by the pin press-fitted in round through holes of the horizontal arms of the angle bars and in the hole of the tubular spacer element, in turn, the vertically positioned arms of both angle bars are connected to two tubular rolling rollers by means of pins placed in through holes of the rollers and press -fitted in through holes made in these arms, wherein the rolling rollers of the trolley assembly move along the upper and lower surfaces of both elliptical guides of the frame supporting structure.

[0020] In a preferred example of embodiment, the water-air turbine is welded to a metal housing open from the top with through holes: inlet and outlet, made on its two side walls positioned opposite each other, covered from the top with a metal cover.

[0021] The water-air turbine according to the invention enables the conversion of mechanical energy of the water stream (river or stream), or wind force into rotational movement of its rotating shafts, wherein due to the fact that the ends of the rotating shafts partially protrude from the frame of its frame supporting structure, it is possible to connect various devices such as power generators to these shafts (which allows for generating electricity), in particular through a clutch and a bevel gear.

[0022] Thanks to the use of blade assemblies, whose upper frame supporting structure is hingedly connected and by means of upper and lower rods equipped with expansive cylindrical springs with the lower frame supporting structure of this assembly, it is possible for the upper frame supporting structure to tilt spontaneously in relation to the lower frame supporting structure depending on the force and direction of water or air (wind) flow, accordingly increasing or decreasing the resistance of this stream to the blade assembly, which increases the efficiency of the turbine.

[0023] In turn, thanks to the use of the frame supporting structure equipped with elliptical guides connected to trolley assemblies also connected to blade assemblies, the turbine has high strength parameters, which means that it can be used in both weak and strong water or air streams.

[0024] The subject of the invention in an example of its embodiment has been shown in the drawing Fig. 1 - 23, wherein Fig. 1 - shows the water-air turbine in a front view, Fig. 2 - shows the same turbine in a top view, Fig. 3 - shows the same turbine in a perspective view from the bottom, front and side, Fig. 4 - shows the same turbine in a perspective view from the top, front and side, Fig. 5 - shows the frame supporting structure of this turbine in a perspective view, Fig. 6 - shows the same frame supporting structure in a disassembled state of its components in a perspective view, Fig. 7 - shows the same frame supporting structure presented in Fig. 5 equipped with the rotary assembly enabling connection with four blade assemblies in a disassembled state of its components in a perspective view, Fig. 8 - shows a blade assembly of this turbine in a state of maximum bending of its upper frame supporting structure with an upper support plate towards the lower support plate of the lower frame supporting structure and compression of expansive cylindrical springs in a perspective view from the top, front and one side, Fig. 9 - shows the same blade assembly, but during the opening outwards of its upper frame supporting structure with the upper support plate and expansion of expansive cylindrical springs in a perspective view from the top, front and one side, Fig. 10 - shows the same blade assembly in the state presented in Fig. 8 equipped with two trolley and link assemblies in a perspective view, but from the top, front and the other side, Fig. 11 - shows an enlarged detail “A” presenting a U-shaped connector of the tubular element of the lower frame supporting structure of this blade assembly and one end of the lower rod placed in it with the expansive cylindrical spring mounted on it compressed by a ring element of the upper rod of this assembly in a perspective view, Fig. 12 - shows the same blade assembly in a disassembled state of its components and trolley and link assemblies in a perspective view, Fig. 13 - shows the same blade assembly in the state presented in Fig. 9 equipped with two trolley assemblies mounted on elliptical guides of the frame supporting structure of this turbine and with two link assemblies connected to roller drive chains of the rotary assembly of this turbine with a first technical cut-out made on the adjacent trolley and link assembly and a second technical cut-out made on the second trolley assembly in a perspective view, but from the top, front and the other side, Fig. 14 - shows an enlarged detail “B” of the first technical cut-out made in Fig. 13 presenting the connection of the trolley assembly with the elliptical guide and the connection of the link assembly with the drive chain, Fig. 15 - shows an enlarged detail “C” of the second technical cut-out made in Fig. 13 presenting the connection of the trolley assembly with the elliptical guide, Fig. 16 - shows a link assembly of this turbine in a perspective view, Fig. 17 - shows the same link assembly in a disassembled state of its components in a perspective view, Fig. 18 - shows a trolley assembly of this turbine in a perspective view, Fig. 19 - shows the same trolley assembly in a disassembled state of its components in a perspective view, Fig. 20 - shows a simplified diagram of the application of this water-air turbine placed in the housing fixed by means of four supporting poles in a river bed and connected through the clutch and the bevel gear with a power generator in a perspective view, Fig. 21 - shows a simplified horizontal cross-section through the same turbine and its housing, showing the connection of this turbine with the power generator through the bevel gear, Fig. 22 - shows a simplified vertical cross- section through this turbine and its housing, showing their mutual connection and the connection of the rotating shaft of this turbine with a vertically directed shaft through the clutch, Fig. 23 - shows a simplified diagram of the application of this water-air turbine placed in the housing fixed by means of a supporting pole above the ground surface and connected through the clutch and the vertically directed shaft with the power generator in a perspective view.

[0025] The invention should not be limited to the examples of embodiment described below, as it may also be implemented in other forms. The examples of embodiment are presented in such a way as to fully and completely disclose the invention and to fully convey the scope of the invention to persons skilled in the art.

[0026] In summary, the examples of embodiment presented below do not exhaust all possible solutions within the spectrum of the essence of the invention.

[0027] The water-air turbine according to the invention shown in the drawing Fig. 1-23 has a cuboid, metal frame supporting structure 1 made of four identical angle profiles 2, positioned in pairs opposite and parallel to each other, whose faces are connected by welding to plate rectangular frames 3 and 3’, wherein frame 3 on both its shorter sides has flat rectangular offsets 4 with round non- through holes 5 made in them, while along the longer sides of frame 3’ round through mounting holes 6 are made at equal distances from each other, through which the rectangular frame 7 equipped with identical mounting holes 6’ is attached to frame 3’ using screws not shown in the drawing. The shorter sides of the rectangular frame 7 have flat rectangular offsets 4’ with round through holes 5’ made in them, coaxially positioned to holes 5 of the rectangular offsets 4 of frame 3, but with a smaller diameter than holes 5.

[0028] In turn, the external upper and lower surfaces of the angle profiles 2 are equipped with two vertically positioned L-shaped offsets 8 each, to which two elliptical guides 9 made of round tubes are attached using screws not shown in the drawing. In holes 5 of the rectangular offsets 4 of frame 3 and holes 5’ of the rectangular offsets 4’ of frame 7, rotatably mounted ends 10’, 10” of rotating shafts 10 of the rotary assembly 11 are placed, connected by means of two link assemblies 12 and two trolley assemblies 13 and 13’ with four blade assemblies 14, positioned at equal distances from each other.

[0029] The rotary assembly 11 of this turbine consists of two rotating shafts 10, one end 10” of which are rotatably mounted in bearings placed in a cylindrical housing 15 mounted and connected by means of screws not shown in the drawing in holes 5 of the rectangular offsets 4 of frame 3 of the frame supporting structure 1, and the other ends 10’ of the rotating shafts 10 are rotatably mounted in ring bearings 16 press-fitted in holes 5’ of the rectangular offsets 4’ of frame 7 of this supporting structure 1 and partially protrude beyond frame 7, and of four toothed chain wheels 17 press-fitted at the ends of both rotating shafts 10, wherein the chain wheels 17-are encircled by roller drive chains 18.

[0030] In turn, each of the four identical blade assemblies 14 consists of the lower frame supporting structure 19 connected by welding with two link assemblies 12 and two trolley assemblies 13, equipped with the support plate 20, and the upper frame supporting structure 21 equipped with the support plate 22, wherein both supporting structures 19 and 21 of the blade assembly 14 are connected to each other hingedly by means of the pin 23. The lower frame supporting structure 19 of the blade assembly 14 consists of two tubular elements 24 and 24’ with a rectangular cross-section positioned horizontally and parallel to each other with both ends 25 and 25’ bent vertically downwards, connected to each other by welding with two flat bar elements 26, positioned perpendicular to them and next to their ends. To the upper surface of each of both vertically downward bent ends 25 of the tubular element 24, the vertically positioned tubular element 27 with the rectangular cross-section is welded, while to the upper surface of each of both vertically downward bent ends 25’ of the tubular element 24’, a diagonally positioned tubular element 28 also with the rectangular cross-section is welded, wherein the upper end of the tubular element 27 is welded to the upper end of the tubular element 28 so that these two tubular elements 27 and 28 form an inverted “V” profile, and moreover, the thus connected ends of both tubular elements 27 and 28 are crowned with a tubular element 29 also with the rectangular cross-section welded to them, positioned horizontally and parallel to tubular elements 24 and 24’, to the upper surface of which sleeves 30 are welded positioned at equal distances from each other. The space created between the welded tubular elements 24’, 28 and 29 is filled with the support plate 20 welded to these elements.

[0031] In turn, the upper frame supporting structure 21 of the blade assembly 14 is the rectangular frame made of longer horizontally and parallel positioned tubular elements 31 and 31’ with the rectangular cross-section and shorter vertically and parallel positioned tubular elements 32 also with the rectangular cross-section, and the space created between them is filled with the support plate 22 welded to these elements. To the lower surface of the tubular element 31 ’ of the upper frame supporting structure 21 of the blade assembly 14, sleeves 33 are welded positioned at equal distances from each other, located between sleeves 30 of the tubular element 29 of the lower frame supporting structure 19 of the blade assembly 14, wherein in sleeves 30 and 33, the pin 23 is mounted connecting pivotally both supporting structures 19 and 21 of each blade assembly 14. Moreover, to the external lateral surface of the tubular element 31 of the upper frame supporting structure 21 of each blade assembly 14 and the tubular element 24’ of the lower frame supporting structure 19 of this assembly, four U-shaped connectors 34 and 34’ are welded, positioned symmetrically and at equal distances from each other, in which upper rods 35 and lower rods 35’ are mounted, connected to them by means of screws and nuts not shown in the drawing, so that the upper ends of the upper rods 35 are mounted in connectors 34, whose lower ends are terminated with ring elements 36, and the lower ends of the lower rods 35’ are mounted in connectors 34’, whose upper ends are terminated with ring elements 36’, wherein the upper rods 35 pass through the ring elements 36’ of the lower rods 35’, while the lower rods 35’ pass analogously through the ring elements 36 of the upper rods 35 so that the upper rods 35 and lower rods 35’ are positioned parallel to each other, and moreover, on the lower rods 35’ between the lower connectors 34’ and the ring elements 36 of the upper rods 35, expansive cylindrical springs 37 are mounted.

[0032] Furthermore, to the lower surface of both flat bar elements 26 of the lower frame supporting structure 19 of each blade assembly 14, link assemblies 12 are welded. Each link assembly 12 consists of the cuboid housing 38 with an internal cuboid through hollow 39, which has four round through holes 40 made on its wider walls with cylindrical pins 41 press-fitted in them, and between these holes, the vertically positioned bean-shaped through hole 42 is made, and of the gripper 43 with an inverted “T” profile, whose vertical member 44 with the threaded hole 45 made at its upper end has a cuboid shape, and its cuboid horizontal member 46 with two round through holes 47 made on its sides has the longitudinal cuboid lower recess 48. In the through hollow 39 of the housing 38 of this link assembly 12, the vertical member 44 of the gripper 43 is mounted so that it is placed between two pairs of cylindrical pins 41, and is connected to the housing 38 by means of the screw 49, whose cylindrical part passes through the bean-shaped through hole 42 of the housing 38 and is screwed into the threaded hole 45 of the vertical member 44 of the gripper 43, thus limiting the movement of the gripper 43 relative to the housing 38. In turn, in the lower recess 48 of the horizontal member 46 of the gripper 43 of the link assembly 12, the roller drive chain 18 is mounted, and in the holes 47 of this horizontal member 46 and in the chain 18, two pins 50 are press-fitted, connecting the link assembly 12 with the roller drive chain 18.

[0033] In turn, to the ends 25 and 25’ of the tubular elements 24 and 24’ of the lower frame supporting structure 19 of each blade assembly 14, trolley assemblies 13 and 13’ are welded, mounted on both elliptical guides 9 of the frame supporting structure 1 of this turbine. Each of these trolley assemblies 13 and 13’ consists of two L-shaped angle bars 51, whose vertically positioned arms 52 are directed upwards and downwards respectively, and of a tubular spacer element 54 placed between both their horizontally positioned arms 53, connected to the angle bars 51 by the pin 55 press-fitted in round through holes

[0034] 56 made in the middle part of the arms 53 of the angle bars 51 and in the hole 54’ of the tubular spacer element 54. In turn, the vertically positioned arms 52 of both angle bars 51 are connected to two tubular rolling rollers 57 by means of pins 58 placed in through holes of the rollers 57 and press-fitted in through holes 59 made in the arms 52 of the angle bars 51, wherein the rolling rollers 57 move along the upper and lower surfaces of the elliptical guides 9 of the frame supporting structure 1 of the turbine.

[0035] The trolley assemblies 13 and 13’ are connected to each blade assembly 14 so that to the external rear surfaces of the ends 25 and 25’ of the tubular elements 24 and 24’ of the lower frame supporting structure 19 of the blade assembly 14, the inner surface of the vertically positioned arm 52 of the upper angle bar 51 of the trolley assembly 13 and 13’ is welded, wherein the trolley assembly 13 is positioned in the front part of the turbine, and its rolling rollers

[0036] 57 are directed towards the frame supporting structure 1 of this turbine, while the trolley assembly 13’ is positioned in the rear part of the turbine, and its rolling rollers 57 are directed outwards from the turbine.

[0037] In other examples of embodiment not shown in the drawing, the turbine had two, six or ten blade assemblies 14, and the lower frame supporting structure 19 was connected to the upper frame supporting structure 21 by means of two, six or ten upper rods 35 and lower rods 35’ positioned in connectors 34 and 34’, wherein on the lower rods 35’, expansive cylindrical springs 37 were mounted analogously as described above.

[0038] In an exemplary application of the water-air turbine according to the invention, this turbine positioned vertically is placed in the metal housing 60 open from the top, shaped like a prism with a base resembling two connected trapezoids, with longitudinal, rectangular, through holes: inlet 61 and outlet 62, made on its two side walls positioned opposite each other, which allow free flow of water or air stream (wind) through the housing 60. This turbine is connected by welding to the housing 60 through rod supports 63, whose one ends are welded to the inner surfaces of the bottom wall 64 of the housing 60, and the other ends are welded to the rectangular frame 3 of the frame supporting structure 1 of this turbine so that the upper frame supporting structure 21 of the blade assembly 14 equipped with the support plate 22 can freely open relative to the lower frame supporting structure 19 of this assembly under the influence of water or air stream (wind) flow, and on the opposite side, it can bend towards the support plate 20 of the lower frame supporting structure 19, compressing the expansive cylindrical springs 37. In turn, the end 10’ of one rotating shaft 10 of the rotary assembly 11 of this turbine protruding beyond the hole 5’ of the rectangular offsets 4’ of frame 7 is press-fitted with the clutch 65 positioned opposite a through hole 66 made in the upper metal cover 67, shielding the housing 60 from above and attached to this housing by means of screws not shown in the drawing.

[0039] The turbine according to the invention thus enclosed in the housing 60 is placed in the river bed 68 on four supporting poles 69, one end of which is embedded in a concrete block 70 buried in the bottom 71 of the river bed 68, and the other ends are connected by welding to the external surface of the bottom wall 64 of the housing 60, then through the through hole 66 of the cover 67, the end of the vertically directed shaft 72 of the bevel gear 73 is attached (for example by shape or press -fitting) to the clutch 65, the other horizontally directed end 74 of which is connected to the power generator 75 placed on the river bank, equipped with an electric wire 76 connected to a home electrical installation (Fig. 20 - 22).

[0040] Alternatively, the turbine according to the invention thus enclosed in the housing 60 is attached above the ground surface to the supporting pole 69, one end of which is buried in the ground, and the other end is connected by welding to the external surface of the bottom wall 64 of the housing 60, then through the through hole 66 of the cover 67, the end of the vertically directed shaft 72’ is attached to the clutch 65, which is connected to the power generator 75 attached to the cover 67, equipped with the electric wire 76 connected to a home electrical installation (Fig. 22 and 23).

[0041] It is obvious that the turbine according to the invention can be similarly placed in the river bed 68 or above the ground surface without the housing 60 by welding supporting poles 69 to the rectangular frame 3 of its frame supporting structure 1.

Claims

Claims1. A water-air turbine having a metal frame supporting structure connected to rotating shafts equipped with toothed chain wheels driven by drive chains, to which blade assemblies are attached, characterised in that the frame supporting structure (1) consists of angle profiles (2) connected to rectangular frames (3, 7), which are detachably connected to the rotary assembly (11) equipped with two rotating shafts (10) mounted in holes (5, 5’) of rectangular frames (3, 7), while two elliptical guides (9) are detachably connected to the angle profiles (2) of the frame supporting structure (1), under rolling rollers (57) of trolley assemblies (13, 13’) inseparably connected with at least two blade assemblies (14) symmetrically arranged on the circumferences of elliptical guides (9), each of which consists of the lower frame supporting structure (19) equipped with the support plate (20) and the upper frame supporting structure (21) equipped with the support plate (22) connected to each other hingedly by means of the pin (23) and by means of upper rods (35) and lower rods (35’) placed in profile connectors (34, 34’) and hingedly connected to them, positioned parallel to each other, ended with ring elements (36, 36’), wherein the upper rods (35) pass through the ring elements (36’) of the lower rods (35’), while the lower rods (35’) pass through the ring elements (36) of the upper rods (35), and moreover, on the lower rods (35’) between each lower connector (34’) and the ring element (36) of the upper rod (35), the expansivecylindrical spring (37) is mounted, while the lower frame supporting structure (19) of the blade assembly (14) is inseparably connected to two link assemblies (12) equipped with grippers (43), in the lower recesses (48) of which roller drive chains (18) mounted on toothed chain wheels (17) of the rotary assembly (11) are placed.

2. The water-air turbine according to claim 1, characterised in that the U- shaped connectors (34) are welded to the tubular element (31) of the upper frame supporting structure (21) of each blade assembly (14), while the U- shaped connectors (34’) are welded to the tubular element (24’) of the lower frame supporting structure (19), wherein the connectors (34, 34’) are positioned symmetrically and at equal distances from each other.

3. The water-air turbine according to claim 1 , characterised in that the angle profiles (2) of the frame supporting structure (1) are positioned in pairs opposite and parallel to each other and are connected by welding to plate rectangular frames (3, 3’), wherein frame (3) on both its shorter sides has flat rectangular offsets (4) with round non-through holes (5), while frame (3’) is detachably connected to a rectangular frame (7) of the frame supporting structure (1), whose shorter sides have flat rectangular offsets (4’) with round through holes (5’) made in them coaxially positioned to the holes (5) of the rectangular offsets (4) of frame (3).

4. The water-air turbine according to claim 3, characterised in that the external upper and lower surfaces of the angle profiles (2) of the frame supporting structure (1) are equipped with two vertically positioned L- shaped offsets (8) each, to which two tubular elliptical guides (9) are screwed.

5. The water-air turbine according to claim 1, characterised in that the rotary assembly (11) consists of two rotating shafts (10), one end (10”) of which are rotatably mounted in bearings placed in a housing (15) detachably connected to the non-through holes (5) of the rectangular offsets (4) of the rectangular frame (3) of the frame supporting structure (1), and the other ends (10’) of the rotating shafts (10) are rotatably mounted in ring bearings(16) press-fitted in the holes (5’) of the rectangular offsets (4’) of the rectangular frame (7) of the frame supporting structure (1) and partially protrude beyond the rectangular frame (7), and of four toothed chain wheels(17) press-fitted at the ends (10’, 10”) of both rotating shafts (10), wherein the toothed chain wheels (17) are encircled by roller drive chains (18).

6. The water-air turbine according to claim 1, characterised in that the lower frame supporting structure (19) of the blade assembly (14) consists of two tubular elements (24, 24’) positioned horizontally and parallel to each other with both ends (25, 25’) bent vertically downwards, connected by means of two flat bar elements (26) positioned perpendicular to them, wherein a vertically positioned tubular element (27) is welded to the ends (25) of the tubular element (24), and a diagonally positioned tubular element (28) is welded to the ends (25’) of the tubular element (24’), wherein the upper end of the tubular element (27) is welded to the upper end of the tubular element (28) so that both tubular elements (27, 28) form an inverted “V” profile, and both ends of the welded tubular elements (27, 28) are crowned with a horizontally positioned tubular element (29) welded to them, to the upper surface of which sleeves (30) are welded positioned at equal distances from each other, wherein the support plate (20) is welded to the tubular elements (24’, 28, 29).

7. The water-air turbine according to claim 6, characterised in that the upper frame supporting structure (21) of the blade assembly (14) is the rectangular frame formed from longer tubular elements (31, 31 ’) and shorter tubular elements (32), to which the support plate (22) is welded, wherein sleeves (33) positioned at equal distances from each other are welded to the lower surface of the tubular element (31’), positioned between the sleeves (30) of the tubular element (29) of the lower frame supporting structure (19) of the blade assembly (14), wherein the pin (23) is mounted in the sleeves (30, 33).

8. The water-air turbine according to claim 1, characterised in that the link assembly (12) consists of a cuboid internally hollow housing (38), with four round through holes (40) for cylindrical pins (41) and a vertically positioned bean-shaped through hole (42) made on its wider walls, and of a gripper (43) with an inverted “T” profile, in whose vertical member (44) a threaded hole (45) is made, and its horizontal member (46) with two round through holes (47) has a longitudinal cuboid lower recess (48) for a roller drive chain (18), in which two pins (50) are press-fitted, also mounted in the holes (47) of the gripper (43), wherein the housing (38) is connected to the gripper (43) by means of a screw (49) placed in the hole (42) of the housing (38) and screwed into the threaded hole (45) of the gripper (43).

9. The water-air turbine according to claim 1, characterised in that the trolley assembly (13, 13’) consists of two L-shaped angle bars (51) and a spacer element (54) placed between them connected to the angle bars (51) by thepin (55) press-fitted in round through holes (56) of the horizontal arms (53) of the angle bars (51) and in the hole (54’) of the tubular spacer element (54), in turn, the vertically positioned arms (52) of both angle bars (51) are connected to two tubular rolling rollers (57) by means of pins (58) placed in through holes of the rollers (57) and press-fitted in through holes (59) made in the arms (52) of the angle bars (51).

10. The water-air turbine according to claim 1 or 9, characterised in that the rolling rollers (57) of the trolley assembly (13, 13’) move along the upper and lower surfaces of both elliptical guides (9) of the frame supporting structure (1).

11. The water-air turbine according to claim 1, characterised in that it is welded to a metal housing (60) open from the top with through holes: inlet (61) and outlet (62), made on its two side walls positioned opposite each other, covered from the top with a metal cover (67).

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