Crusher for mineral and non-mineral materials

Abstract

The invention relates to devices for crushing hard materials and can be used in the mining, metallurgical and construction industries. A crusher for mineral and non-mineral materials comprises a housing consisting of a frame and side walls, and a movable jaw. Movably mounted on the side walls of the housing is a vibrating jaw. Pins of the vibrating jaw have roller bearings or slide bushings mounted thereon, which are fastened to the side walls of the housing. The vibrating jaw is connected to a vibrator which is either mounted directly on the vibrating jaw or connected to the vibrating jaw via a waveguide having one end fastened rigidly to the vibrating jaw and the other end fastened rigidly to the vibrator. Travel of the vibrating jaw is regulated by a limiting mechanism that is fastened to the vibrating jaw and to the frame of the crusher such that the vibrating jaw is pressed against the frame when the movable jaw moves towards the vibrating jaw, and a gap is formed between the vibrating jaw and the frame when the movable jaw moves away from the vibrating jaw. The result is that of increasing the crushing speed, improving efficiency and reducing the power costs of crushing materials.

Description

[0001] CRUSHER FOR ORE AND NON-ORE MATERIALS

[0002] The field of technology to which the claimed device relates.

[0003] The invention relates to devices for crushing solid materials and can be used in the mining, metallurgy and construction industries.

[0004] State of the art.

[0005] From patent RU 169141 U1 of 06.03.2017, a vibratory jaw crusher is known, having a frame spring-loaded support on which a housing is installed, having an unbalance vibrator, as well as two crushing jaws, between which and the walls of the housing an inclined crushing chamber is formed, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a second unbalance vibrator, the active jaw is the lower jaw, which is made as a single piece with the housing, the housing has a hollow protrusion in which the upper jaw is placed, mounted spring-loaded relative to the housing, one of the walls of the housing protrusion is parallel to the surface of the upper jaw, opposite its working surface, and both unbalance vibrators are installed in this inclined wall of the housing protrusion, wherein the unbalance vibrators are made with the provision of the possibility of synchronous rotation in opposite directions and joint movement of the cheeks in antiphase is provided.The upper jaw is provided with a centering rod passing through an opening in the wall of the housing in which the unbalance vibrators are installed, and the rod is located along the axis of the reciprocating vibrations created by the unbalance vibrators. In addition, the discharge end of the upper jaw is made in the form of a longitudinally protruding plate with holes, which is the screen grate. The feed funnel is an element of the housing.

[0006] From the abstract of Sablin R.A. Justification of rational parameters of a vibratory jaw crusher with an inclined crushing chamber, St. Petersburg, 2009, 21 p. a vibratory jaw crusher is known, containing a crushing mechanism installed on a frame using elastic supports, including an active jaw with a vibrator and a reactive jaw, fixed on detachable clamps using polyhedral torsions, and side walls forming a crushing chamber with the cheeks, wherein the side walls are rigidly fixed to the frame, and the crushing chamber is located at an angle to it. The design allows studying vibroimpact destruction, determining the effect of vibration frequency on the degree of grinding of the original material and on the productivity of the material disintegration process.

[0007] Also known are designs of jaw crushers with simple and complex swinging of the jaw. The principle of operation of jaw crushers is that solid materials are crushed by compression by two surfaces - cheeks. One cheek is fixed, it is securely fixed. The second surface is movable, it is set in motion by a special mechanism. The movable cheek, fixed cheek and side walls of the crusher body form a crushing chamber.

[0008] The movable jaw performs reciprocating movements. As a result, the angle between the crusher surfaces changes. When the jaws are retracted to the maximum, large pieces of crushed material fall, and small pieces that have already been crushed fall even lower, the crushed material spills out through the lower gap.

[0009] The disadvantages of this type of crushers are the cyclic nature of operation and the relatively high energy consumption of the material crushing process.

[0010] The problem that the claimed invention is aimed at solving is to increase the productivity of a jaw crusher, reduce specific energy consumption for the crushing process, and improve the quality of crushed products.

[0011] Disclosure of invention.

[0012] The technical result of the claimed device: intensifies the development of cracks in the pieces of crushed material, accelerating the destruction of pieces, increases the coefficient of loosening of the material in the crushing chamber, allows for the timely removal of finished classes of crushed material from the crushing chamber, thereby increasing the productivity of the basic crusher (jaw crusher with simple or complex swing of the jaw), reducing the specific energy costs for crushing materials, and also facilitates the start-up of the crusher "under the rubble". The crusher for ore and non-metallic materials contains a body consisting of a frame and side walls, and a movable jaw.According to the invention, a vibrating jaw is movably mounted on the side walls of the housing, rolling bearings or sliding bushings are mounted on the journals of the vibrating jaw, which are secured to the side walls of the crusher housing using supports, the vibrating jaw is connected to one or more vibrators, wherein the vibrators can be mounted either directly on the vibrating jaw or connected to the vibrating jaw through a waveguide, one end of which is rigidly secured to the vibrating jaw, and the second end of which is rigidly fixed to the vibrator, the stroke of the vibrating jaw is regulated by a stroke limiting mechanism, which is secured to the vibrating jaw and the frame of the crusher, wherein the stroke limiting mechanism ensures that the vibrating jaw is pressed against the frame when the movable jaw moves towards the vibrating jaw, and at the moment of movement of the movable jaw away from the vibrating jaw, the gap between the vibrating jaw and the frame.

[0013] Brief description of the drawings.

[0014] Fig. 1 shows a variant of the crusher with a vibrating jaw equipped with one vibrator with a wave guide, the vibrating jaw is fixed to the body using bushings (side view), where 2 is the vibrating jaw; 3 is the wave guide; 4 is the vibrator; 5 is the mechanism for limiting the travel of the vibrating jaw; 6 is the flange; 7 is the frame; 8 is the movable jaw.

[0015] Fig. 2 shows a version of a crusher with a vibrating jaw equipped with one vibrator with a wave guide; the vibrating jaw is secured to the body using bushings (front view), where 1 is the side wall; 5 is the mechanism for limiting the travel of the vibrating jaw; 9 is a bushing or bearing; 10 is a bearing support; 11 is a journal.

[0016] Fig. 3 shows a version of a crusher with a vibrating jaw on which a vibrator without a wave guide is installed (side view), where 2 is a vibrating jaw; 4 is a vibrator; 5 is a mechanism for limiting the travel of the vibrating jaw; 6 is a flange; 7 is a frame; 8 is a movable jaw.

[0017] Fig. 4 shows a variant of the crusher with a vibrating jaw, on which a vibrator without a wave guide is installed (front view), 1 - side wall; 5 - mechanism for limiting the travel of the vibrating jaw; 10 - bearing support; 11 - journal. Fig. 5 shows the mechanism for limiting the travel, where 12, 13 are springs; 14 - guide; 15 - adjusting nut; 16 - adjusting washer; 6 - flange; 7 - frame.

[0018] Implementation of the invention.

[0019] The ore crusher contains a vibrating jaw movably mounted on the side walls of the crusher body. Rolling bearings or sliding bushings are mounted on the journals of the vibrating jaw, which are fixed to the side walls of the crusher with supports. In addition, at least one or more vibrators are installed in the crusher. Such a design allows vibrations to be transmitted from the vibrator through the vibrating jaw to the crushed material. Crushing is carried out when the movable jaw of the crusher moves in the direction of the vibrating jaw, loosening, additional crushing and unloading of the material - when the movable jaw moves away from the vibrating jaw. As a vibrator, we use platform vibrators, they are also general-purpose vibrators, also called surface vibrators, they are mainly used for compacting concrete, as well as for working with bulk and lump materials: transportation, unloading and sifting.This type of vibrator is also used in the following types of machines, systems and tools: vibratory presses, vibratory sieves, vibratory feeders, vibratory plates and electric vibratory screeds. A general-purpose vibrator operates on the principle of obtaining a forced centrifugal force using rotational movements produced by inertial eccentric weights. These devices are located on both sides of the rotating shaft of the electric motor. Due to some design features of the eccentric weights, the platform vibrator has the ability to adjust the forced force. This refers to doubling the eccentric weights at both ends of the rotor shaft. Adjustment is carried out by changing the position of the eccentric weights on both sides of the rotor in relation to each other. High-frequency vibrators can operate at frequencies up to 100 Hz with an adjustable electronic frequency converter. It is an electric motor with eccentric weights installed at the ends of the rotor shaft. The eccentric weights, rotating with the rotor shaft, create a centrifugal (compelled) force.

[0020] The vibrating jaw has a stroke of over 0 mm, which is regulated by a stroke limiting mechanism. When the movable jaw moves towards the vibrating jaw, the vibrating jaw is pressed against the supporting wall of the crusher housing. At this moment, the crushed material is compressed and destroyed. Unloading of the crushed material from the working cavity of the jaw crusher occurs at the moment of movement (removal) of the movable jaw from the vibrating jaw, and the vibration of the vibrating jaw performs additional crushing of the material, loosens the material and accelerates the process of the material exiting the crushing chamber.

[0021] Example 1.

[0022] The ore crusher contains a housing, on the side walls of which a vibrating jaw is movably mounted, rolling bearings are mounted on the journals of the vibrating jaw, which are fixed to the side walls of the crusher with supports. One vibrator is mounted on the vibrating jaw, connected to the vibrating jaw by a waveguide. In this case, the vibrating jaw has a stroke of over 0 mm, which is regulated by a stroke limiting mechanism, which is fixed on the vibrating jaw and the frame of the crusher. The solution is implemented on the basis of a jaw crusher with a complex swing of the jaw, with a receiving opening size of 250x200 mm. The crushed material is iron ore, coal. As a result, the crusher productivity increased in comparison with the basic analogue by 30% when crushing iron ore, by 34% when crushing coal.

[0023] Example 2.

[0024] The ore crusher contains a housing, on the side walls of which a vibrating jaw is movably mounted, rolling bearings are mounted on the journals of the vibrating jaw, which are fixed to the side walls of the crusher supports. One vibrator is installed directly on the vibrating jaw. In this case, the vibrating jaw has a stroke of over 0 mm, which is regulated by a stroke limiting mechanism, which is fixed on the vibrating jaw and the frame of the crusher. The solution is implemented on the basis of a jaw crusher with a complex swing of the jaw, with a receiving opening size of 250x200 mm. The crushed material is iron ore, coal. As a result, the crusher productivity increased in comparison with the basic analogue by 33% when crushing iron ore, by 38% when crushing coal.

Claims

Invention formula A crusher for ore and non-metallic materials comprises a housing consisting of a frame and side walls, and a movable jaw, characterized in that a vibrating jaw is movably mounted on the side walls of the housing, rolling bearings or sliding bushings are mounted on the trunnions of the vibrating jaw, which are secured to the side walls of the crusher housing by means of supports, the vibrating jaw is connected to one or more vibrators, wherein the vibrators can be mounted either directly on the vibrating jaw or connected to the vibrating jaw through a waveguide, one end of which is rigidly secured to the vibrating jaw, and the second end of which is rigidly fixed to the vibrator, the stroke of the vibrating jaw is regulated by a stroke limiting mechanism, which is secured to the vibrating jaw and the frame of the crusher, wherein the stroke limiting mechanism ensures that the vibrating jaw is pressed against the frame when the movable jaw moves towards the vibrating jaw, and at the moment of movement of the movable jaw away from the vibrating jaw, the gap between vibrating jaw and frame.

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