Ultra-short hydrophobe alkoxylates as surfactants

Abstract

Described herein are surfactants, as well as methods of using thereof in oil and gas operations.

Description

[0001] ULTRA-SHORT HYDROPHOBE ALKOXYLATES AS SURFACTANTS

[0002] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0003] This application claims benefit of priority of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 603,596, filed November 28, 2023, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0004] BACKGROUND

[0005] Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) refers to techniques for increasing the amount of unrefined petroleum, or crude oil that may be extracted from an oil reservoir (e.g., an oil field). Using EOR, 40-60% of the reservoir’s original oil can typically be extracted compared with only 20-40% using primary and secondary recovery (e.g., by water injection or natural gas injection). Enhanced oil recovery may also be referred to as improved oil recovery or tertiary oil recovery (as opposed to primary and secondary oil recovery).

[0006] Enhanced oil recovery may be achieved by a variety of methods including miscible gas injection (which includes carbon dioxide flooding), chemical injection (which includes polymer flooding, alkaline flooding, and surfactant flooding), microbial injection, or thermal recovery (which includes cyclic steam, steam flooding, and fire flooding). The injection of various chemicals, usually as dilute aqueous solutions, has been used to improve oil recovery. Injection of alkaline or caustic solutions into reservoirs with oil that has organic acids naturally occurring in the oil (also referred to herein as "unrefined petroleum acids") will result in the production of soap that may lower the interfacial tension enough to increase production. Injection of a dilute solution of a water soluble polymer to increase the viscosity of the injected water can increase the amount of oil recovered from geological formations. Aqueous solutions of surfactants such as petroleum sulfonates may be injected to lower the interfacial tension or capillary pressure that impedes oil droplets from moving through a reservoir. Special formulations of oil, water and surfactant microemulsions have also proven useful. Such formulations often include co-solvent compounds to increase the solubility of the solutes in the presence of oil and decrease the viscosity of an emulsion.

[0007] There is a need in the art for cost effective methods for enhanced oil recovery using chemical injection. Provided herein are methods and compositions addressing these and other needs in the art. SUMMARY

[0008] Provided herein are compounds, compositions, and methods for enhanced oil recovery.

[0009] For example, provided herein are compounds defined by Formula I R’-O-(BO)x-(PO)y-Q

[0010] Formula I

[0011] Wherein BO represents -CH2-CH(ethyl)-O- or -CH3CH(O-)CHs; PO represents -CH2- CH(methyl)-O-; R1represents a Ci-Cs alkyl group (e.g., a Ci-Ce alkyl group), a C3-C6 cycloalkyl group, C4-C8 alkylcycloalkyl group, a phenyl group, or a Ce-Cs alkylaryl group; Q is hydrogen, -SO3M+, -SO3H, CH2CH(OH)CH2-SO3M+, CH2CH(OH)CH2-SO3H, - CH2C(O)O’M+, or -CH2C(O)OH; M+, when present, is a cation; x is an integer from 0 to 15; and y is an integer from 11 to 60.

[0012] In some aspects, y can be an integer from 11 to 40, such as from 11 to 30 or from 11 to 25. In certain aspects, y is an integer from 11 to 20.

[0013] In some aspects, x is 1 or 2. In other aspects, x is 0.

[0014] In some aspects, R1can be a Ci-Ce alkyl group, such as a C1-C4 alkyl group. In certain aspects, R1can be a methyl group.

[0015] In other aspects, R1can be a Ce-Cs alkyl group, such as a branched Ce-Cs alkyl group. In certain aspects, R1can be a 2-ethylhexyl group.

[0016] In some aspects, Q can be hydrogen. In other aspects, Q is -SO3M+, -SO3H, CH2CH(OH)CH2-SO3M+, CH2CH(OH)CH2-SO3H, -CH2C(O)O M+, or -CH2C(O)OH.

[0017] Described herein are also compositions including a compound described herein and water. In some embodiments, the compound can be present in the composition in an amount of from 0.05% to 2% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the composition can further include an additional surfactant. In some embodiments, the additional surfactant comprises an anionic surfactant, a non-ionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, a zwitteronic surfactant, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the additional surfactant is present in the composition in an amount of from 0.05% to 2% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the composition can further include a viscosity-enhancing water-soluble polymer. In some embodiments, the composition can further include an alkali agent. In some embodiments, the composition has a pH of from 10 to 14, such as from 10 to 12. In some embodiments, the composition can further include a co-solvent. In some embodiments, the composition can have a salinity of at least 5,000 ppm.

[0018] Described herein are also methods of displacing an unrefined petroleum material in contact with a solid material, said method comprising: contacting the unrefined petroleum material with the compound described herein or a composition described herein, wherein the unrefined petroleum material is in contact with the solid material; and allowing the unrefined petroleum material to separate from the solid material, thereby displacing the unrefined petroleum material in contact with the solid material.

[0019] The details of one or more embodiments of the disclosure are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, objects, and advantages of the disclosure will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims.

[0020] The surfactants described herein are further described in the attached Appendix, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

[0021] DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0022] FIG. 1 shows a plot of solubilization ratios for inactive oil using formulation 0.5% 2EH-13PO-SO4, 0.5% C2o-24IOS, 0.25% IBA-1PO-2EO at 80°C.

[0023] FIG. 2 is a plot showing the phase behavior over a range of salinity and oil concentration.

[0024] FIG. 3 shows a plot of solubilization ratios for moderately active oil using formulation 0.6% CH3-21PO-SO4, 0.4% CnABS at 55°C.

[0025] FIG. 4 shows a plot of solubilization ratios for formulation 2EH-20PO-SO4 at 40°C.

[0026] Like reference symbols in the various drawings indicate like elements.

[0027] DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] To facilitate understanding of the disclosure set forth herein, a number of terms are defined below. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein generally have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. Publications cited herein and the materials for which they are cited are specifically incorporated by reference.

[0029] General Definitions

[0030] The term “comprising” and variations thereof as used herein is used synonymously with the term “including” and variations thereof and are open, non-limiting terms. Although the terms “comprising” and “including” have been used herein to describe various embodiments, the terms “consisting essentially of” and “consisting of’ can be used in place of “comprising” and “including” to provide for more specific embodiments of the invention and are also disclosed. Other than where noted, all numbers expressing quantities of ingredients, reaction conditions, geometries, dimensions, and so forth used in the specification and claims are to be understood at the very least, and not as an attempt to limit the application of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope of the claims, to be construed in light of the number of significant digits and ordinary rounding approaches.

[0031] As used in this specification and the following claims, the terms “comprise” (as well as forms, derivatives, or variations thereof, such as “comprising” and “comprises”) and “include” (as well as forms, derivatives, or variations thereof, such as “including” and “includes”) are inclusive (i.e., open-ended) and do not exclude additional elements or steps. For example, the terms "comprise" and / or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof. Accordingly, these terms are intended to not only cover the recited element(s) or step(s), but may also include other elements or steps not expressly recited. Furthermore, as used herein, the use of the terms “a”, “an”, and “the” when used in conjunction with an element may mean “one,” but it is also consistent with the meaning of “one or more,” “at least one,” and “one or more than one.” Therefore, an element preceded by “a” or “an” does not, without more constraints, preclude the existence of additional identical elements.

[0032] The use of the term “about” applies to all numeric values, whether or not explicitly indicated. This term generally refers to a range of numbers that one of ordinary skill in the art would consider as a reasonable amount of deviation to the recited numeric values (i.e., having the equivalent function or result). For example, this term can be construed as including a deviation of ±10 percent of the given numeric value provided such a deviation does not alter the end function or result of the value. Therefore, a value of about 1 % can be construed to be a range from 0.9% to 1.1 %. Furthermore, a range may be construed to include the start and the end of the range. For example, a range of 10% to 20% (i.e., range of 10%-20%) can includes 10% and also includes 20%, and includes percentages in between 10% and 20%, unless explicitly stated otherwise herein. It is understood that when combinations, subsets, groups, etc. of elements are disclosed (e.g., combinations of components in a composition, or combinations of steps in a method), that while specific reference of each of the various individual and collective combinations and permutations of these elements may not be explicitly disclosed, each is specifically contemplated and described herein.

[0033] Ranges can be expressed herein as from “about” one particular value, and / or to “about” another particular value. By “about” is meant within 5% of the value, e.g., within 4, 3, 2, or 1 % of the value. When such a range is expressed, another aspect includes from the one particular value and / or to the other particular value. Similarly, when values are expressed as approximations, by use of the antecedent “about,” it will be understood that the particular value forms another aspect. It will be further understood that the endpoints of each of the ranges are significant both in relation to the other endpoint, and independently of the other endpoint. It is also understood that there are a number of values disclosed herein, and that each value is also herein disclosed as “about” that particular value in addition to the value itself. For example, if the value “10” is disclosed, then “about 10” is also disclosed.

[0034] As used herein, the terms "may," "optionally," and "may optionally" are used interchangeably and are meant to include cases in which the condition occurs as well as cases in which the condition does not occur. Thus, for example, the statement that a formulation "may include an excipient" is meant to include cases in which the formulation includes an excipient as well as cases in which the formulation does not include an excipient.

[0035] The term "contacting" as used herein, refers to materials or compounds being sufficiently close in proximity to react or interact. For example, in methods of contacting an unrefined petroleum material, a hydrocarbon material bearing formation, and / or a well bore, the term "contacting" can include placing a compound (e.g., a surfactant) or an aqueous composition (e.g., chemical, surfactant or polymer) within a hydrocarbon material -bearing formation using any suitable manner known in the art (e.g., pumping, injecting, pouring, releasing, displacing, spotting or circulating the chemical into a well, well bore or hydrocarbon bearing formation).

[0036] The terms "unrefined petroleum" and "crude oil" are used interchangeably and in keeping with the plain ordinary usage of those terms. "Unrefined petroleum" and "crude oil" may be found in a variety of petroleum reservoirs (also referred to herein as a "reservoir," "oil field deposit" "deposit" and the like) and in a variety of forms including oleaginous materials, oil shales (i.e., organic-rich fine-grained sedimentary rock), tar sands, light oil deposits, heavy oil deposits, and the like. "Crude oils" or "unrefined petroleums" generally refer to a mixture of naturally occurring hydrocarbons that may be refined into diesel, gasoline, heating oil, jet fuel, kerosene, and other products called fuels or petrochemicals. Crude oils or unrefined petroleums are named according to their contents and origins, and are classified according to their per unit weight (specific gravity). Heavier crudes generally yield more heat upon burning, but have lower gravity as defined by the American Petroleum Institute (API) (i.e., API gravity) and market price in comparison to light (or sweet) crude oils. Crude oil may also be characterized by its Equivalent Alkane Carbon Number (EACN). The term "API gravity" refers to the measure of how heavy or light a petroleum liquid is compared to water. If an oil's API gravity is greater than 10, it is lighter and floats on water, whereas if it is less than 10, it is heavier and sinks. API gravity is thus an inverse measure of the relative density of a petroleum liquid and the density of water. API gravity may also be used to compare the relative densities of petroleum liquids. For example, if one petroleum liquid floats on another and is therefore less dense, it has a greater API gravity.

[0037] Crude oils vary widely in appearance and viscosity from field to field. They range in color, odor, and in the properties they contain. While all crude oils are mostly hydrocarbons, the differences in properties, especially the variation in molecular structure, determine whether a crude oil is more or less easy to produce, pipeline, and refine. The variations may even influence its suitability for certain products and the quality of those products. Crude oils are roughly classified into three groups, according to the nature of the hydrocarbons they contain, (i) Paraffin-based crude oils contain higher molecular weight paraffins, which are solid at room temperature, but little or no asphaltic (bituminous) matter. They can produce high-grade lubricating oils, (ii) Asphaltene based crude oils contain large proportions of asphaltic matter, and little or no paraffin. Some are predominantly naphthenes and so yield lubricating oils that are sensitive to temperature changes than the paraffin-based crudes, (iii) Mixed based crude oils contain both paraffin and naphthenes, as well as aromatic hydrocarbons. Most crude oils fit this latter category.

[0038] "Reactive" crude oil, as referred to herein, is crude oil containing natural organic acidic components (also referred to herein as unrefined petroleum acid) or their precursors such as esters or lactones. These reactive crude oils can generate soaps (carboxylates) when reacted with alkali. More terms used interchangeably for crude oil throughout this disclosure are hydrocarbon material or active petroleum material. An "oil bank" or "oil cut" as referred to herein, is the crude oil that does not contain the injected chemicals and is pushed by the injected fluid during an enhanced oil recovery process. A "nonactive oil," as used herein, refers to an oil that is not substantially reactive or crude oil not containing significant amounts of natural organic acidic components or their precursors such as esters or lactones such that significant amounts of soaps are generated when reacted with alkali. A nonactive oil as referred to herein includes oils having an acid number of less than 0.5 mg KOH / g of oil.

[0039] "Unrefined petroleum acids" as referred to herein are carboxylic acids contained in active petroleum material (reactive crude oil). The unrefined petroleum acids contain C11-C20 alkyl chains, including napthenic acid mixtures. The recovery of such "reactive" oils may be performed using alkali (e.g., NaOH or NazC'Ch) in a surfactant composition. The alkali reacts with the acid in the reactive oil to form soap in situ. These in situ generated soaps serve as a source of surfactants minimizing the levels of added surfactants, thus enabling efficient oil recovery from the reservoir.

[0040] The term "polymer" refers to a molecule having a structure that essentially includes the multiple repetitions of units derived, actually or conceptually, from molecules of low relative molecular mass. In some embodiments, the polymer is an oligomer.

[0041] The term "productivity" as applied to a petroleum or oil well refers to the capacity of a well to produce hydrocarbons (e.g., unrefined petroleum); that is, the ratio of the hydrocarbon flow rate to the pressure drop, where the pressure drop is the difference between the average reservoir pressure and the flowing bottom hole well pressure (i.e., flow per unit of driving force).

[0042] The term "oil solubilization ratio" is defined as the volume of oil solubilized divided by the volume of surfactant in microemulsion. All the surfactant is presumed to be in the microemulsion phase. The oil solubilization ratio is applied for Winsor type I and type III behavior. The volume of oil solubilized is found by reading the change between initial aqueous level and excess oil (top) interface level. The oil solubilization ratio is calculated as follows:

[0043] Vo°0 =Vvs where oois the oil solubilization ratio, Vois the volume of oil solubilized, and Vsis the volume of surfactant.

[0044] The term "water solubilization ratio" is defined as the volume of water solubilized divided by the volume of surfactant in microemulsion. All the surfactant is presumed to be in the microemulsion phase. The water solubilization ratio is applied for Winsor type III and type II behavior. The volume of water solubilized is found by reading the change between initial aqueous level and excess water (bottom) interface level. The water solubilization parameter is calculated as follows: where owis the water solubilization ratio, Vwis the volume of oil solubilized, and Vsis the volume of surfactant.

[0045] The optimum solubilization ratio occurs where the oil and water solubilization ratios are equal. The coarse nature of phase behavior screening often does not include a data point at optimum, so the solubilization ratio curves are drawn for the oil and water solubilization ratio data and the intersection of these two curves is defined as the optimum. The following is true for the optimum solubilization ratio: where o* is the optimum solubilization ratio.

[0046] The term "solubility" or "solubilization" in general refers to the property of a solute, which can be a solid, liquid or gas, to dissolve in a solid, liquid or gaseous solvent thereby forming a homogenous solution of the solute in the solvent. Solubility occurs under dynamic equilibrium, which means that solubility results from the simultaneous and opposing processes of dissolution and phase joining (e.g., precipitation of solids). The solubility equilibrium occurs when the two processes proceed at a constant rate. The solubility of a given solute in a given solvent typically depends on temperature. For many solids dissolved in liquid water, the solubility increases with temperature. In liquid water at high temperatures, the solubility of ionic solutes tends to decrease due to the change of properties and structure of liquid water. In more particular, solubility and solubilization as referred to herein is the property of oil to dissolve in water and vice versa.

[0047] "Viscosity" refers to a fluid's internal resistance to flow or being deformed by shear or tensile stress. In other words, viscosity may be defined as thickness or internal friction of a liquid. Thus, water is "thin", having a lower viscosity, while oil is "thick", having a higher viscosity. More generally, the less viscous a fluid is, the greater its ease of fluidity.

[0048] The term "salinity" as used herein, refers to concentration of salt dissolved in an aqueous phases. Examples for such salts are without limitation, sodium chloride, magnesium and calcium sulfates, and bicarbonates. In more particular, the term salinity as it pertains to the present invention refers to the concentration of salts in brine and surfactant solutions.

[0049] The term "aqueous solution or aqueous formulation" refers to a solution in which the solvent is water. The term "emulsion, emulsion solution or emulsion formulation" refers to a mixture of two or more liquids which are normally immiscible. A non- limiting example for an emulsion is a mixture of oil and water.

[0050] The term "co-solvent," as used herein, refers to a compound having the ability to increase the solubility of a solute (e.g., a surfactant as disclosed herein) in the presence of an unrefined petroleum acid. In some embodiments, the co-solvents provided herein have a hydrophobic portion (alkyl or aryl chain), a hydrophilic portion (e.g., an alcohol) and an alkoxy portion.

[0051] The term "interfacial tension" or "IFT" as used herein refers to the surface tension between test oil and water of different salinities containing a surfactant formulation at different concentrations. Typically, interfacial tensions are measured using a spinning drop tensiometer or calculated from phase behavior experiments.

[0052] The term "contacting" as used herein, refers to materials or compounds being sufficiently close in proximity to react or interact. For example, in methods of contacting an unrefined petroleum material, a hydrocarbon-bearing formation, and / or a wellbore, the term "contacting" can include placing a compound (e.g., a surfactant) or an aqueous composition (e.g., chemical, surfactant or polymer) within a hydrocarbon-bearing formation using any suitable manner known in the art (e.g., pumping, injecting, pouring, releasing, displacing, spotting or circulating the chemical into a well, wellbore or hydrocarbon-bearing formation).

[0053] Chemical Definitions

[0054] Terms used herein will have their customary meaning in the art unless specified otherwise. The organic moieties mentioned when defining variable positions within the general formulae described herein (e.g., the term “halogen”) are collective terms for the individual substituents encompassed by the organic moiety. Ph in Formula I refers to a phenyl group.

[0055] The prefix Cn-Cmpreceding a group or moiety indicates, in each case, the possible number of carbon atoms in the group or moiety that follows.

[0056] As used herein, the term “substituted” is contemplated to include all permissible substituents of organic compounds. In a broad aspect, the permissible substituents include acyclic and cyclic, branched and unbranched, carbocyclic and heterocyclic, and aromatic and nonaromatic substituents of organic compounds. Illustrative substituents include, for example, those described below. The permissible substituents can be one or more and the same or different for appropriate organic compounds. For purposes of this disclosure, heteroatoms present in a compound or moiety, such as nitrogen, can have hydrogen substituents and / or any permissible substituents of organic compounds described herein which satisfy the valency of the heteroatom. This disclosure is not intended to be limited in any manner by the permissible substituents of organic compounds. Also, the terms “substitution” or “substituted with” include the implicit proviso that such substitution is in accordance with permitted valence of the substituted atom and the substituent, and that the substitution results in a stable compound (e.g., a compound that does not spontaneously undergo transformation such as by rearrangement, cyclization, elimination, etc.

[0057] The term "optionally substituted," as used herein, means that substitution with an additional group is optional and therefore it is possible for the designated atom to be unsubstituted. Thus, by use of the term “optionally substituted” the disclosure includes examples where the group is substituted and examples where it is not.

[0058] “Z1,” “Z2,” “Z3,” and “Z4” are used herein as generic symbols to represent various specific substituents. These symbols can be any substituent, not limited to those disclosed herein, and when they are defined to be certain substituents in one instance, they can, in another instance, be defined as some other substituents.

[0059] As used herein, the term “alkyl” refers to saturated, straight-chained or branched saturated hydrocarbon moieties. Unless otherwise specified, C1-C24 (e.g., C1-C22, C1-C20, C1-C18, C1-C 16, C1-C14, C1-C12, C1-C10, Ci-Cs, Ci-Ce, or C1-C4) alkyl groups are intended. Examples of alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, 1-methyl-ethyl, butyl, 1 -methylpropyl, 2-methyl-propyl, 1,1-dimethyl-ethyl, pentyl, 1-methyl-butyl, 2-methyl-butyl, 3- methyl-butyl, 2,2-dimethyl-propyl, 1-ethyl-propyl, hexyl, 1,1-dimethyl-propyl, 1,2- dimethyl-propyl, 1-methyl-pentyl, 2-methyl-pentyl, 3-methyl-pentyl, 4-methyl-pentyl, 1,1- dimethyl-butyl, 1,2-dimethyl-butyl, 1,3-dimethyl-butyl, 2,2-dimethyl-butyl, 2,3-dimethyl- butyl, 3,3-dimethyl-butyl, 1-ethyl-butyl, 2-ethyl-butyl, 1 , 1 ,2-trimethyl-propyl, 1,2,2- trimethyl-propyl, 1 -ethyl- 1 -methyl-propyl, and 1 -ethyl-2-methyl-propyl. Alkyl substituents may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more chemical moieties. The alkyl group can be substituted with one or more groups including, but not limited to, hydroxy, halogen, acyl, alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, acyl, aldehyde, amino, carboxylic acid, ester, ether, ketone, nitro, silyl, sulfo-oxo, sulfonyl, sulfone, sulfoxide, thiosulfonate (e.g., -SSCbRa), or thiol, as described below, provided that the substituents are sterically compatible and the rules of chemical bonding and strain energy are satisfied. The alkyl group can also include one or more heteroatoms (e.g., from one to three heteroatoms) incorporated within the hydrocarbon moiety. Examples of heteroatoms include, but are not limited to, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and phosphorus.

[0060] Throughout the specification “alkyl” is generally used to refer to both unsubstituted alkyl groups and substituted alkyl groups; however, substituted alkyl groups are also specifically referred to herein by identifying the specific substituent(s) on the alkyl group. For example, the term “halogenated alkyl” specifically refers to an alkyl group that is substituted with one or more halides (halogens; e.g., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine). The term “alkoxyalkyl” specifically refers to an alkyl group that is substituted with one or more alkoxy groups, as described below. The term “alkylamino” specifically refers to an alkyl group that is substituted with one or more amino groups, as described below, and the like. The term “alkylthiol” specifically refers to an alkyl group that is substituted with one or more thiol groups, as described below, and the like. When “alkyl” is used in one instance and a specific term such as “alkylalcohol” is used in another, it is not meant to imply that the term “alkyl” does not also refer to specific terms such as “alkylalcohol” and the like.

[0061] This practice is also used for other groups described herein. That is, while a term such as “cycloalkyl” refers to both unsubstituted and substituted cycloalkyl moieties, the substituted moieties can, in addition, be specifically identified herein; for example, a particular substituted cycloalkyl can be referred to as, e.g. , an “alkylcycloalkyl.” Similarly, a substituted alkoxy can be specifically referred to as, e.g., a “halogenated alkoxy,” a particular substituted alkenyl can be, e.g., an “alkenylalcohol,” and the like. Again, the practice of using a general term, such as “cycloalkyl,” and a specific term, such as “alkylcycloalkyl,” is not meant to imply that the general term does not also include the specific term.

[0062] As used herein, the term “alkenyl” refers to unsaturated, straight-chained, or branched hydrocarbon moieties containing a double bond. Unless otherwise specified, C2- C24(e.g., C2-C22, C2-C20, C2-C18, C2-C16, C2-C14, C2-C12, C2-C10, C2-C8, C2-C6, C2-C4) alkenyl groups are intended. Alkenyl groups may contain more than one unsaturated bond. Examples include ethenyl, 1 -propenyl, 2-propenyl, 1-methylethenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 1 -methyl- 1 -propenyl, 2-methyl-l -propenyl, 1 -methyl-2-propenyl, 2-methyl-2- propenyl, 1-pentenyl, 2-pentenyl, 3-pentenyl, 4-pentenyl, 1 -methyl- 1-butenyl, 2-methyl-l- butenyl, 3 -methyl- 1-butenyl, 1 -methyl-2-butenyl, 2-methyl-2-butenyl, 3-methyl-2-butenyl, l-methyl-3-butenyl, 2-methyl-3-butenyl, 3-methyl-3-butenyl, l,l-dimethyl-2-propenyl, 1,2- dimethyl- 1 -propenyl, 1 ,2-dimethyl-2-propenyl, 1 -ethyl- 1 -propenyl, 1 -ethyl-2-propenyl, 1- hexenyl, 2-hexenyl, 3-hexenyl, 4-hexenyl, 5-hexenyl, 1 -methyl- 1 -pentenyl, 2-methyl-l- pentenyl, 3-methyl-l -pentenyl, 4-methyl-l -pentenyl, l-methyl-2-pentenyl, 2-methyl-2- pentenyl, 3-methyl-2-pentenyl, 4-methyl-2-pentenyl, l-methyl-3-pentenyl, 2-methyl-3- pentenyl, 3-methyl-3-pentenyl, 4-methyl-3-pentenyl, 1 -methyl-4-pentenyl, 2-methyl-4- pentenyl, 3-methyl-4-pentenyl, 4-methyl-4-pentenyl, l,l-dimethyl-2-butenyl, 1 , 1 -dimethyl- 3-butenyl, 1 ,2-dimethyl- 1 -butenyl, 1 ,2-dimethyl-2-butenyl, l,2-dimethyl-3-butenyl, 1,3- dimethyl-l -butenyl, 1 ,3 -dimeth yl-2-butenyl, l ,3-dimethyl-3-butenyl, 2,2-dimethyl-3- butenyl, 2, 3-dimethyl-l -butenyl, 2,3-dimethyl-2-butenyl, 2,3-dimethyl-3-butenyl, 3,3- dimethyl-1 -butenyl, 3,3-dimethyl-2-butenyl, 1 -ethyl- 1 -butenyl, l-ethyl-2-butenyl, 1-ethyl- 3-butenyl, 2-ethyl-l -butenyl, 2-ethyl-2-butenyl, 2-ethyl-3-butenyl, l,l,2-trimethyl-2- propenyl, 1 -ethyl- 1 -methyl-2-propenyl, l-ethyl-2-methyl-l -propenyl, and 1 -ethyl-2-methyl- 2-propenyl. The term “vinyl” refers to a group having the structure -CH=CH2; 1 -propenyl refers to a group with the structure-CH=CH-CH3; and 2- propenyl refers to a group with the structure -CH2-CH=CH2. Asymmetric structures such as (Z1Z2)C=C(Z3Z4) are intended to include both the E and Z isomers. This can be presumed in structural formulae herein wherein an asymmetric alkene is present, or it can be explicitly indicated by the bond symbol C=C. Alkenyl substituents may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more chemical moieties. Examples of suitable substituents include, for example, alkyl, halogenated alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, acyl, aldehyde, amino, carboxylic acid, ester, ether, halide, hydroxy, ketone, nitro, silyl, sulfo-oxo, sulfonyl, sulfone, sulfoxide, thiosulfonate (e.g., -SSChRa), or thiol, as described below, provided that the substituents are sterically compatible and the rules of chemical bonding and strain energy are satisfied.

[0063] As used herein, the term “alkynyl” represents straight-chained or branched hydrocarbon moieties containing a triple bond. Unless otherwise specified, C2-C24 (e.g., C2- C22, C2-C20, C2-Cis, C2-C16, C2-C14, C2-C12, C2-C10, C2-C3, C2-C6, C2-C4) alkynyl groups are intended. Alkynyl groups may contain more than one unsaturated bond. Examples include C2-Ce-alkynyl, such as ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 2-propynyl (or propargyl), 1-butynyl, 2- butynyl, 3-butynyl, 1 -methyl-2-propynyl, 1 -pentynyl, 2-pentynyl, 3-pentynyl, 4-pentynyl, 3- methyl- 1-butynyl, 1 -methyl-2-butynyl, l-methyl-3-butynyl, 2-methyl-3-butynyl, 1,1- dimethyl-2-propynyl, l-ethyl-2-propynyl, 1-hexynyl, 2-hexynyl, 3-hexynyl, 4-hexynyl, 5- hexynyl, 3-methyl-l -pentynyl, 4-methyl- 1 -pentynyl, l-methyl-2-pentynyl, 4-methyl-2- pentynyl, l-methyl-3-pentynyl, 2-methy 1-3 -pentynyl, l-methyl-4-pentynyl, 2-methyl-4- pentynyl, 3-methyl-4-pentynyl, l,l-dimethyl-2-butynyl, l,l-dimethyl-3-butynyl, 1,2- dimethyl-3-butynyl, 2,2-dimethyl-3-butynyl, 3, 3 -dimethyl- 1-butynyl, l-ethyl-2-butynyl, 1- ethyl-3-butynyl, 2-ethyl-3-butynyl, and 1 -ethyl- l-methyl-2-propynyl. Alkynyl substituents may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more chemical moieties. Examples of suitable substituents include, for example, alkyl, halogenated alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, acyl, aldehyde, amino, carboxylic acid, ester, ether, halide, hydroxy, ketone, nitro, silyl, sulfo-oxo, sulfonyl, sulfone, sulfoxide, thiosulfonate (e.g., - SSCERa), or thiol, as described below.

[0064] As used herein, the term “aryl,” as well as derivative terms such as aryloxy, refers to groups that include a monovalent aromatic carbocyclic group of from 3 to 20 carbon atoms. Aryl groups can include a single ring or multiple condensed rings. In some embodiments, aryl groups include C6-C10 aryl groups. Examples of aryl groups include, but are not limited to, phenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl, tetrahydronaphthyl, phenylcyclopropyl, and indanyl. In some embodiments, the aryl group can be a phenyl, indanyl or naphthyl group. The term “heteroaryl” is defined as a group that contains an aromatic group that has at least one heteroatom incorporated within the ring of the aromatic group. Examples of heteroatoms include, but are not limited to, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and phosphorus. The term “non- heteroaryl,” which is included in the term “aryl,” defines a group that contains an aromatic group that does not contain a heteroatom. The aryl or heteroaryl substituents may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more chemical moieties. Examples of suitable substituents include, for example, alkyl, halogenated alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, acyl, aldehyde, amino, carboxylic acid, cycloalkyl, ester, ether, halide, hydroxy, ketone, nitro, silyl, sulfo-oxo, sulfonyl, sulfone, sulfoxide, or thiol as described herein. The term “biaryl” is a specific type of aryl group and is included in the definition of aryl. Biaryl refers to two aryl groups that are bound together via a fused ring structure, as in naphthalene, or are attached via one or more carbon-carbon bonds, as in biphenyl.

[0065] The term “cycloalkyl” as used herein is a non-aromatic carbon-based ring composed of at least three carbon atoms. Examples of cycloalkyl groups include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, etc. The term “heterocycloalkyl” is a cycloalkyl group as defined above where at least one of the carbon atoms of the ring is substituted with a heteroatom such as, but not limited to, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, or phosphorus. The cycloalkyl group and heterocycloalkyl group can be substituted or unsubstituted. The cycloalkyl group and heterocycloalkyl group can be substituted with one or more groups including, but not limited to, alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, acyl, aldehyde, amino, carboxylic acid, ester, ether, halide, hydroxy, ketone, nitro, silyl, sulfo-oxo, sulfonyl, sulfone, sulfoxide, or thiol as described herein.

[0066] The term “cycloalkenyl” as used herein is a non-aromatic carbon-based ring composed of at least three carbon atoms and containing at least one double bound, i.e., C=C. Examples of cycloalkenyl groups include, but are not limited to, cyclopropenyl, cyclobutenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclopentadienyl, cyclohexenyl, cyclohexadienyl, and the like. The term “heterocycloalkenyl” is a type of cycloalkenyl group as defined above, and is included within the meaning of the term “cycloalkenyl,” where at least one of the carbon atoms of the ring is substituted with a heteroatom such as, but not limited to, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, or phosphorus. The cycloalkenyl group and heterocycloalkenyl group can be substituted or unsubstituted. The cycloalkenyl group and heterocycloalkenyl group can be substituted with one or more groups including, but not limited to, alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, acyl, aldehyde, amino, carboxylic acid, ester, ether, halide, hydroxy, ketone, nitro, silyl, sulfo-oxo, sulfonyl, sulfone, sulfoxide, or thiol as described herein.

[0067] The term “cyclic group” is used herein to refer to either aryl groups, non-aryl groups (i.e., cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, and heterocycloalkenyl groups), or both. Cyclic groups have one or more ring systems that can be substituted or unsubstituted. A cyclic group can contain one or more aryl groups, one or more non-aryl groups, or one or more aryl groups and one or more non-aryl groups.

[0068] As used herein, “heteroaryl” refers to a monocyclic or polycyclic aromatic heterocycle having at least one heteroatom ring member selected from sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl ring has 1, 2, 3, or 4 heteroatom ring members independently selected from nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen. In some embodiments, any ring-forming N in a heteroaryl moiety can be an N-oxide. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl has 5-10 ring atoms and 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatom ring members independently selected from nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl has 5-6 ring atoms and 1 or 2 heteroatom ring members independently selected from nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen. In some embodiments, the heteroaryl is a five-membered or sixmembered heteroaryl ring. A five-membered heteroaryl ring is a heteroaryl with a ring having five ring atoms wherein one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) ring atoms are independently selected from N, O, and S. Exemplary five-membered ring heteroaryls are thienyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, pyrazolyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, 1 ,2,3-triazolyl, tetrazolyl, 1,2,3-thiadiazolyl, 1,2,3-oxadiazolyl, 1,2,4-triazolyl, 1,2,4-thiadiazolyl, 1,2,4- oxadiazolyl, 1,3,4-triazolyl, 1,3,4-thiadiazolyl, and 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl. A six-membered heteroaryl ring is a heteroaryl with a ring having six ring atoms wherein one or more (e.g., 1, 2, or 3) ring atoms are independently selected from N, O, and S. Exemplary sixmembered ring heteroaryls are pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, triazinyl and pyridazinyl.

[0069] As used herein, “heterocycloalkyl” refers to non-aromatic monocyclic or polycyclic heterocycles having one or more ring -forming heteroatoms selected from O, N, or S. Included in heterocycloalkyl are monocyclic 4-, 5-, 6-, and 7-membered heterocycloalkyl groups. Heterocycloalkyl groups can also include spirocycles. Example heterocycloalkyl groups include pyrrolidin-2-one, l,3-isoxazolidin-2-one, pyranyl, tetrahydropuran, oxetanyl, azetidinyl, morpholino, thiomorpholino, piperazinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothienyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, isoxazolidinyl, isothiazolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, oxazolidinyl, thiazolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, azepanyl, benzazapene, and the like. Ring-forming carbon atoms and heteroatoms of a heterocycloalkyl group can be optionally substituted by oxo or sulfido (e.g., C(O), S(O), C(S), or S(O)2, etc.). The heterocycloalkyl group can be attached through a ring-forming carbon atom or a ring-forming heteroatom. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl group contains 0 to 3 double bonds. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl group contains 0 to 2 double bonds. Also included in the definition of heterocycloalkyl are moieties that have one or more aromatic rings fused (i.e., having a bond in common with) to the cycloalkyl ring, for example, benzo or thienyl derivatives of piperidine, morpholine, azepine, etc. A heterocycloalkyl group containing a fused aromatic ring can be attached through any ring-forming atom including a ring-forming atom of the fused aromatic ring. In some embodiments, the heterocycloalkyl has 4-10, 4-7 or 4-6 ring atoms with 1 or 2 heteroatoms independently selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulfur and having one or more oxidized ring members.

[0070] At certain places, the definitions or embodiments refer to specific rings (e.g., an azetidine ring, a pyridine ring, etc.). Unless otherwise indicated, these rings can be attached to any ring member provided that the valency of the atom is not exceeded. For example, an azetidine ring may be attached at any position of the ring, whereas a pyridin-3-yl ring is attached at the 3-position.

[0071] The term “acyl” as used herein is represented by the formula -C(O)Z!where Z1can be a hydrogen, hydroxyl, alkoxy, alkyl, halogenated alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkenyl group described above. As used herein, the term “acyl” can be used interchangeably with “carbonyl.” Throughout this specification “C(O)” or “CO” is a short hand notation for C=O. As used herein, the term “alkoxy” refers to a group of the formula Z'-C)-, where Z1is unsubstituted or substituted alkyl as defined above. Unless otherwise specified, alkoxy groups wherein Z1is a C1-C24 (e.g., C1-C22, C1-C20, Ci-Cis, C1-C16, C1-C14, C1-C12, C1-C10, Ci-Cx, Ci-Ce, C1-C4) alkyl group are intended. Examples include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, 1 -methyl-ethoxy, butoxy, 1-methyl-propoxy, 2-methyl-propoxy, 1,1-dimethyl- ethoxy, pentoxy, 1-methyl-butyloxy, 2-methyl-butoxy, 3-methyl-butoxy, 2,2-di-methyl- propoxy, 1 -ethyl -propoxy, hexoxy, 1,1-dimethyl-propoxy, 1,2-dimethyl-propoxy, 1-methyl- pentoxy, 2-methyl-pentoxy, 3-methyl -pentoxy, 4-methyl-penoxy, 1 ,1-dimethyl-butoxy, 1 ,2- dimethyl-butoxy, 1,3-dimethyl-butoxy, 2,2-dimethyl-butoxy, 2,3-dimethyl-butoxy, 3,3- dimethyl-butoxy, 1-ethyl-butoxy, 2-ethylbutoxy, 1 , 1 ,2-trimethyl-propoxy, 1 ,2,2-trimethyl- propoxy, 1-ethyl- 1-methyl-propoxy, and l-ethyl-2-methyl-propoxy.

[0072] The term “aldehyde” as used herein is represented by the formula — C(O)H.

[0073] The terms “amine” or “amino” as used herein are represented by the formula — NZ'Z2, where Z1and Z2can each be substitution group as described herein, such as hydrogen, an alkyl, halogenated alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkenyl group described above. “Amido” is — C(O)NZ'Z2.

[0074] The term “carboxylic acid” as used herein is represented by the formula — C(O)OH. A “carboxylate” or “carboxyl” group as used herein is represented by the formula — C(O)O"

[0075] The term “ester” as used herein is represented by the formula — OC(O)Z* or — CiOjOZ1, where Z1can be an alkyl, halogenated alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkenyl group described above.

[0076] The term “ether” as used herein is represented by the formula Z'OZ2, where Z1and Z2can be, independently, an alkyl, halogenated alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkenyl group described above.

[0077] The term “ketone” as used herein is represented by the formula Z*C(O)Z2, where Z1and Z2can be, independently, an alkyl, halogenated alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkenyl group described above.

[0078] The term “halide” or “halogen” or “halo” as used herein refers to fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.

[0079] The term “hydroxyl” as used herein is represented by the formula — OH.

[0080] The term “nitro” as used herein is represented by the formula — NO2. The term “silyl” as used herein is represented by the formula — SiZ1Z2Z3, where Z1, Z2, and Z3can be, independently, hydrogen, alkyl, halogenated alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkenyl group described above.

[0081] The term “sulfonyl” is used herein to refer to the sulfo-oxo group represented by the formula — S(C))2Z , where Z1can be hydrogen, an alkyl, halogenated alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkenyl group described above.

[0082] The term “sulfonylamino” or “sulfonamide” as used herein is represented by the formula — S(0)2NH — .

[0083] The term “thiol” as used herein is represented by the formula — SH.

[0084] The term “thio” as used herein is represented by the formula — S — .

[0085] As used herein, Me refers to a methyl group; OMe refers to a methoxy group; and i- Pr refers to an isopropyl group.

[0086] “R1,” “R2,” “R3,” “Rn,” etc., where n is some integer, as used herein can, independently, possess one or more of the groups listed above. For example, if R1is a straight chain alkyl group, one of the hydrogen atoms of the alkyl group can optionally be substituted with a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, an amine group, an alkyl group, a halide, and the like. Depending upon the groups that are selected, a first group can be incorporated within second group or, alternatively, the first group can be pendant (i.e., attached) to the second group. For example, with the phrase “an alkyl group comprising an amino group,” the amino group can be incorporated within the backbone of the alkyl group. Alternatively, the amino group can be attached to the backbone of the alkyl group. The nature of the group(s) that is (are) selected will determine if the first group is embedded or attached to the second group.

[0087] The term "substituted" refers to a molecule wherein at least one hydrogen atom is replaced with a substituent. When substituted, one or more of the groups are "substituents." The molecule can be multiply substituted. In the case of an oxo substituent ("=O"), two hydrogen atoms are replaced. Example substituents within this context can include halogen, hydroxy, alkyl, alkoxy, nitro, cyano, oxo, carbocyclyl, carbocycloalkyl, heterocarbocyclyl, heterocarbocycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, -NRaRb, -NRaC(=O)Rb, -NRaC(=O)NRaNRb, -NRaC(=O)ORb, - NRaSO2Rb, -C(=O)Ra, -C(=O)ORa, - C(=O)NRaRb, -OC(=O)NRaRb, -ORa, -SRa, -SORa, - S(=O)2Ra, -OS(=O)2Ra and - S(=O)2ORa. Ra and Rb in this context can be the same or different and independently hydrogen, halogen hydroxyl, alkyl, alkoxy, alkyl, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, carbocyclyl, carbocycloalkyl, heterocarbocyclyl, heterocarbocycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl.

[0088] Unless stated to the contrary, a formula with chemical bonds shown only as solid lines and not as wedges or dashed lines contemplates each possible stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomer (e.g., each enantiomer, each diastereomer, each meso compound, a racemic mixture, or scalemic mixture).

[0089] Reference will now he made in detail to specific aspects of the disclosed materials, compounds, compositions, articles, and methods, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying Examples and Figures.

[0090] All of the compositions and methods disclosed and claimed herein can be made and executed without undue experimentation in light of the present disclosure. While the compositions and methods of this disclosure have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those of skill in the art that variations may be applied to the compositions and methods and in the steps or in the sequence of steps of the methods described herein without departing from the concept, spirit and scope of the disclosure. More specifically, it will be apparent that certain agents which are both chemically related may be substituted for the agents described herein while the same or similar results would be achieved. All such similar substitutes and modifications apparent to those skilled in the art are deemed to be within the spirit, scope and concept of the disclosure as defined by the appended claims.

[0091] Compounds

[0092] Provided herein are compounds defined by Formula I

[0093] R’-O-(BO)x-(PO)y-Q

[0094] Formula I

[0095] Wherein BO represents -CH2-CH(ethyl)-O- or -CH3CH(O-)CH3; PO represents -CH2- CH(methyl)-O-; R1represents a Ci-Cs alkyl group (e.g., a Ci-Ce alkyl group), a C3-C6 cycloalkyl group, C4-C8 alkylcycloalkyl group, a phenyl group, or a C Cs alkylaryl group; Q is hydrogen, -SO3M+, -SO3H, CH2CH(OH)CH2-SO3M+, CH2CH(OH)CH2-SO3H, - CH2C(0)0 M+, or -CH2C(0)0H; M+, when present, is a cation; x is an integer from 0 to 15; and y is an integer from 11 to 60. In some embodiments, R1can be a C1-C5 alkyl, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C3 alkyl, C1-C2 alkyl, C2-C6 alkyl, C2-C5 alkyl, C2-C4 alkyl, C2-C3 alkyl, C3-C6alkyl, C3-C5 alkyl, C3-C4 alkyl, C4-C5 alkyl, C4-C6 alkyl, or C5-C6 alkyl group.

[0096] In some embodiments, R1can be a Ci-Ce alkyl group, such as a C1-C4 alkyl group. In certain embodiments, R1can be a methyl group.

[0097] In other embodiments, R1can be a Ce-Cs alkyl group, such as a branched Ce-Cs alkyl group. In certain embodiments, R1can be a 2-ethylhexyl group.

[0098] In other embodiments, R1can be a cyclohexyl group.

[0099] In other embodiments, R1can be a phenyl group.

[0100] In other embodiments, R1can be a toluenyl group.

[0101] In other embodiments, R1can be a xylenyl group.

[0102] In some embodiments, Q can be hydrogen. In other embodiments, Q can be - SO3M+, -SO3H, CH2CH(OH)CH2-SO3M+, CH2CH(OH)CH2-SO3H, -CH2C(O)O M+, or - CH2C(O)OH.

[0103] In some embodiments, y can be an integer from 11 to 60, (e.g., from 11 to 20, from 11 to 25, from 11 to 30, from 11 to 35, from 11 to 40, from 11 to 45, from 11 to 50, from 11 to 55, from 15 to 60, from 15 to 25, from 15 to 30, from 15 to 35, from 15 to 40, from 15 to 50, from 15 to 60, from 20 to 30, from 20 to 35, from 20 to 40, from 20 to 50, from 20 to 60, from 25 to 30, from 25 to 40, from 25 to 50, from 25 to 60, from 30 to 40, from 30 to 45, from 30 to 50, from 30 to 60, from 40 to 50, from 40 to 60, or from 50 to 40). In some embodiments, y can be 11. In some embodiments, y can be 15. In some embodiments, y can be 20. In some embodiments, y can be 25.

[0104] In some embodiments, x can be an integer from 0 to 15 (e.g., from 0 to 11, from 0 to 12, from 0 to 13, from 0 to 14, from 0 to 10, from 0 to 9, from 0 to 8, from 0 to 7, from 0 to 6, from 0 to 5, from 0 to 4, from 0 to 3, from 0 to 2, from 0 to 1, from 1 to 15, from 2 to 15, from 3 to 15, from 4 to 15, from 5 to 15, from 6 to 15, from 7 to 15, from 8 to 15, from 9 to 15, from 10 to 15, from 11 to 15, from 12 to 15, from 13 to 15, from 14 to 15, from 1 to 12, from 2 to 12, from 3 to 12, from 4 to 12, from 5 to 12, from 6 to 12, from 7 to 12, from 8 to 12, from 9 to 12, from 10 to 12, from 11 to 12, from 1 to 10, from 2 to 10, from 3 to 10, from 4 to 10, from 5 to 10, from 6 to 10, from 7 to 10, from 8 to 10, from 9 to 10, from 1 to 9, from 2 to 9, from 3 to 9, from 4 to 9, from 5 to 9, from 6 to 9, from 7 to 9, from 8 to 9, from 1 to 8, from 2 to 8, from 3 to 8, from 4 to 8, from 5 to 8, from 6 to 8, from 7 to 8, from 1 to 7, from 2 to 7, from 3 to 7, from 4 to 7, from 5 to 7, from 6 to 7, from 1 to 6, from 2 to 6, from 3 to 6, from 4 to 6, from 5 to 6, from 1 to 5, from 2 to 5, from 3 to 5, from 4 to 5, from 1 to 4, from 2 to 4, from 3 to 4, from 1 to 3, from 2 to 3, or from 1 to 2). In some embodiments, x can be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, or 15. In some embodiments, x can be 0.

[0105] Composition

[0106] As described above, the surfactants described herein can be used in EOR formulations to provide aqueous stability and an ultra-low interfacial tension region in heavy oils.

[0107] Accordingly, also provided are aqueous compositions for use in EOR that comprise the polyol alkoxylate surfactant described herein (e.g., a compound of Formula I). For example, provided herein are aqueous composition that comprise a surfactant described herein (e.g., a compound of Formula I) and water. Additional components, including viscosity-enhancing water-soluble polymers, alkali agents, additional surfactants, cosolvents, and combinations thereof, can be present in the aqueous compositions.

[0108] In some embodiments, the aqueous composition can further comprise an additional surfactant. A surfactant, as used herein, is a compound within the aqueous composition that functions as a surface-active agent when the aqueous composition is in contact with a crude oil (e.g., an unrefined petroleum). The surfactant can act to lower the interfacial tension and / or surface tension of the unrefined petroleum. In some embodiments, the surfactant and the compound of Formula I are present in synergistic surface- active amounts. A "synergistic surface active amount," as used herein, means that a compound of Formula I and the surfactant are present in amounts in which the oil surface activity (interfacial tension lowering effect and / or surface tension lowering effect on crude oil when the aqueous composition is added to the crude oil) of the compound and surfactant combined is greater than the additive oil surface activity of the surfactant individually and the compound individually. In some cases, the oil surface activity of the compound and surfactant combination is 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or 100% more than the additive oil surface activity of the surfactant individually and the compound individually. In some embodiments, the oil surface activity of the compound and surfactant combination is 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 times more than the additive oil surface activity of the surfactant individually and the compound individually.

[0109] In another embodiment, the compound and surfactant are present in a surfactant stabilizing amount. A "surfactant stabilizing amount" means that the compound and the surfactant are present in an amount in which the surfactant degrades at a slower rate in the presence of the compound than in the absence of the compound, and / or the compound degrades at a slower rate in the presence of the surfactant than in the absence of the surfactant. The rate of degradation may be 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or 100% slower. In some embodiments, the rate of degradation is 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 times slower.

[0110] In another embodiment, the compound and surfactant are present in a synergistic solubilizing amount. A "synergistic solubilizing amount" means that the compound and the surfactant are present in an amount in which the compound is more soluble in the presence of the surfactant than in the absence of the surfactant, and / or the surfactant is more soluble in the presence of the compound than in the absence of the compound. The solubilization may be 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% or 100% higher. In some embodiment, the solubilization is 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 times higher. In some embodiments, the compound is present in an amount sufficient to increase the solubility of the surfactant in the aqueous composition relative to the absence of the compound. In other words, in the presence of a sufficient amount of the compound, the solubility of the surfactant in the aqueous composition is higher than in the absence of the compound. In other embodiments, the surfactant is present in an amount sufficient to increase the solubility of the compound in the aqueous composition relative to the absence of the surfactant. Thus, in the presence of a sufficient amount of the surfactant the solubility of the compound in the aqueous solution is higher than in the absence of the surfactant.

[0111] In some embodiments, a single type of surfactant is in the aqueous composition. In other embodiments, a surfactant can comprise a blend of surfactants (e.g., a combination of two or more surfactants). The surfactant blend can comprise a mixture of a plurality of surfactant types. For example, the surfactant blend can include at least two surfactant types, at least three surfactant types, at least four surfactant types, at least five surfactant types, at least six surfactant types, or more. In some embodiments, the surfactant blend can include from two to six surfactant types (e.g., from two to five surfactant types, from two to four surfactant types, from two to three surfactant types, from three to six surfactant types, or from three to five surfactant types). The surfactant types can be independently different (e.g., anionic or cationic surfactants; two anionic surfactants having a different hydrocarbon chain length but are otherwise the same; a sulfate and a sulfonate surfactant that that the same hydrocarbon chain length and are otherwise the same, etc.). Therefore, a person having ordinary skill in the art will immediately recognize that the terms "surfactant" and "surfactant type(s)" have the same meaning and can be used interchangeably. In some embodiments, the surfactant can comprise an anionic surfactant, a non- ionic surfactant, a zwitterionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the surfactant can comprise an anionic surfactant, a non-ionic surfactant, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the surfactant can comprise a plurality of anionic surfactants. In some embodiments, the surfactant can comprise a zwitterionic surfactant. "Zwitterionic" or "zwitterion" as used herein refers to a neutral molecule with a positive (or cationic) and a negative (or anionic) electrical charge at different locations within the same molecule. Examples of zwitterionic surfactants include without limitation betains and sultains.

[0112] The surfactant can be any appropriate surfactant useful in the field of enhanced oil recovery. For example, in some embodiments, the surfactant can comprise an internal olefin sulfonate (IOS), an alpha olefin sulfonate (AOS), an alkyl aryl sulfonate (ARS), an alkyl benzene sulfonate (ABS)an alkane sulfonate, a petroleum sulfonate, an alkyl diphenyl oxide (di)sulfonate, an alcohol sulfate, an alkoxy sulfate, an alkoxy sulfonate, an alcohol phosphate, an alkoxy phosphate, a sulfosuccinate ester, an alcohol ethoxylate, an alkyl phenol ethoxylate, a quaternary ammonium salt, a betaine or sultaine.. The surfactant as provided herein, can also be a soap.

[0113] In embodiments, the surfactant can comprise an anionic surfactant. For example, the surfactant can comprise an anionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of alkoxy carboxylate surfactants, alkoxy sulfate surfactants, alkoxy sulfonate surfactants, alkyl sulfonate surfactants, aryl sulfonate surfactants, olefin sulfonate surfactants, and combinations thereof. In embodiments, the anionic surfactant can comprise an anionic surfactant blend. Where the anionic surfactant is an anionic surfactant blend, the aqueous composition includes a plurality (i.e., more than one) type of anionic surfactant.

[0114] Suitable surfactants are disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,811,504, 3,811,505, 3,811,507, 3,890,239, 4,463,806, 6,022,843, 6,225,267, and 7,629,299; International Patent Application Publication Nos. WO / 2008 / 079855, WO / 2012 / 027757, WO / 2016 / 145164, and WO / 2011 / 094442; as well as U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2005 / 0199395, 2006 / 0185845, 2006 / 018486, 2009 / 0270281, 2011 / 0046024, 2011 / 0100402, 2011 / 0190175, 2007 / 0191633, 2010 / 004843. 2011 / 0201531, 2011 / 0190174, 2011 / 0071057, 2011 / 0059873, 2011 / 0059872, 2011 / 0048721, 2010 / 0319920, 2010 / 0292110, and 2013 / 0281327, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Additional suitable surfactants are surfactants known to be used in enhanced oil recovery methods, including those discussed in D. B. Levitt, A. C. Jackson, L. Britton and G. A. Pope, "Identification and Evaluation of High-Performance EOR Surfactants," SPE 1X89, conference contribution for the SPE Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery Annual Meeting, Tulsa, Okla., Apr. 24-26, 2006.

[0115] A person having ordinary skill in the art will immediately recognize that many surfactants are commercially available as blends of related molecules (e.g., IOS and ABS surfactants). Thus, where a surfactant is present within a composition provided herein, a person of ordinary skill would understand that the surfactant might be a blend of a plurality of related surfactant molecules (as described herein and as generally known in the art).

[0116] In some embodiments, the total surfactant concentration (i.e., the compound of Formula I and one or more surfactants within the aqueous compositions provided herein) is from about 0.05% w / w to about 10% w / w. In other embodiments, the total surfactant concentration in the aqueous composition is from about 0.25% w / w to about 10% w / w. In other embodiments, the total surfactant concentration in the aqueous composition is about 0.5% w / w. In other embodiments, the total surfactant concentration in the aqueous composition is about 1.0% w / w. In other embodiments, the total surfactant concentration in the aqueous composition is about 1.25% w / w. In other embodiments, the total surfactant concentration in the aqueous composition is about 1.5% w / w. In other embodiments, the total surfactant concentration in the aqueous composition is about 1.75% w / w. In other embodiments, the total surfactant concentration in the aqueous composition is about 2.0% w / w. In other embodiments, the total surfactant concentration in the aqueous composition is about 2.5% w / w. In other embodiments, the total surfactant concentration in the aqueous composition is about 3.0% w / w. In other embodiments, the total surfactant concentration in the aqueous composition is about 3.5% w / w. In other embodiments, the total surfactant concentration in the aqueous composition is about 4.0% w / w. In other embodiments, the total surfactant concentration in the aqueous composition is about 4.5% w / w. In other embodiments, the total surfactant concentration in the aqueous composition is about 5.0% w / w. In other embodiments, the total surfactant concentration in the aqueous composition is about 5.5% w / w. In other embodiments, the total surfactant concentration in the aqueous composition is about 6.0% w / w. In other embodiments, the total surfactant concentration in the aqueous composition is about 6.5% w / w. In other embodiments, the total surfactant concentration in the aqueous composition is about 7.0% w / w. In other embodiments, the total surfactant concentration in the aqueous composition is about 7.5% w / w. In other embodiments, the total surfactant concentration in the aqueous composition is about 8.0% w / w. In other embodiments, the total surfactant concentration in the aqueous composition is about 9.0% w / w. In other embodiments, the total surfactant concentration in the aqueous composition is about 10% w / w.

[0117] In some embodiments, the concentration of the compound of Formula I is about 0.1%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.05%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.10%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.15%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.20%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.25%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.30%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.35%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.40%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.45%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.50%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.55%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.60%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.65%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.70%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.75%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.80%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.85%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.90%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.95%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.0%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.25%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.5%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.75%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 2%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 3%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 4%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 5%.

[0118] In some embodiments, the concentration of the compound of Formula I is about 0.15%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.05%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0. 10%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0. 15%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.20%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.25%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.30%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.35%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.40%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.45%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.50%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.55%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.60%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.65%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.70%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.75%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.80%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.85%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.90%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.95%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.0%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.25%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.5%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.75%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 2%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 3%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 4%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 5%.

[0119] In some embodiments, the concentration of the compound of Formula I is about 0.20%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.05%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.10%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.15%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.20%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.25%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.30%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.35%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.40%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.45%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.50%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.55%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.60%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.65%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.70%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.75%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.80%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.85%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.90%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.95%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.0%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.25%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.5%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.75%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 2%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 3%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 4%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 5%.

[0120] In some embodiments, the concentration of the compound of Formula I is about 0.25%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.05%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.10%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.15%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.20%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.25%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.30%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.35%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.40%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.45%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.50%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.55%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.60%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.65%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.70%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.75%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.80%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.85%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.90%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.95%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.0%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.25%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.5%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.75%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 2%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 3%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 4%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 5%.

[0121] In some embodiments, the concentration of the compound of Formula I is about 0.30%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.05%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.10%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.15%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.20%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.25%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.30%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.35%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.40%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.45%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.50%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.55%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.60%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.65%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.70%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.75%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.80%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.85%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.90%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.95%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.0%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.25%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.5%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.75%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 2%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 3%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 4%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 5%.

[0122] In some embodiments, the concentration of the compound of Formula I is about 0.35%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.05%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.10%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.15%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.20%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.25%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.30%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.35%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.40%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.45%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.50%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.55%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.60%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.65%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.70%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.75%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.80%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.85%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.90%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.95%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.0%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.25%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.5%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.75%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 2%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 3%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 4%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 5%. In some embodiments, the concentration of the compound of Formula I is about

[0123] 0.40%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.05%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.10%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.15%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.20%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.25%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.30%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.35%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.40%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.45%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.50%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.55%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.60%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.65%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.70%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.75%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.80%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.85%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.90%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.95%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.0%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.25%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.5%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.75%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 2%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 3%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 4%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 5%.

[0124] In some embodiments, the concentration of the compound of Formula I is about 0.45%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.05%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.10%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.15%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.20%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.25%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.30%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.35%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.40%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.45%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.50%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.55%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.60%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.65%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.70%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.75%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.80%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.85%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.90%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.95%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.0%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.25%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.5%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.75%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 2%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 3%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 4%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 5%.

[0125] In some embodiments, the concentration of the compound of Formula I is about 0.50%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.05%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0. 10%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.15%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.20%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.25%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.30%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.35%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.40%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.45%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.50%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.55%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.60%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.65%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.70%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.75%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.80%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.85%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.90%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.95%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.0%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.25%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.5%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.75%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 2%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 3%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 4%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 5%.

[0126] In some embodiments, the concentration of the compound of Formula I is about 0.55%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.05%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.10%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.15%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.20%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.25%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.30%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.35%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.40%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.45%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.50%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.55%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.60%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.65%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.70%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.75%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.80%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.85%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.90%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.95%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.0%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.25%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.5%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.75%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 2%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 3%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 4%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 5%.

[0127] In some embodiments, the concentration of the compound of Formula I is about 0.60%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.05%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.10%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.15%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.20%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.25%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.30%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.35%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.40%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.45%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.50%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.55%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.60%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.65%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.70%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.75%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.80%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.85%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.90%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.95%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.0%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.25%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.5%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.75%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 2%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 3%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 4%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 5%.

[0128] In some embodiments, the concentration of the compound of Formula I is about 0.65%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.05%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0. 10%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.15%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.20%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.25%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.30%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.35%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.40%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.45%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.50%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.55%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.60%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.65%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.70%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.75%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.80%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.85%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.90%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.95%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.0%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.25%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.5%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.75%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 2%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 3%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 4%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 5%.

[0129] In some embodiments, the concentration of the compound of Formula I is about 0.70%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.05%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.10%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.15%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.20%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.25%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.30%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.35%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.40%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.45%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.50%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.55%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.60%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.65%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.70%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.75%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.80%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.85%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.90%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.95%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.0%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.25%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.5%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.75%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 2%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 3%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 4%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 5%.

[0130] In some embodiments, the concentration of the compound of Formula I is about 0.75%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.05%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0. 10%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.15%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.20%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.25%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.30%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.35%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.40%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.45%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.50%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.55%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.60%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.65%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.70%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.75%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.80%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.85%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.90%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.95%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.0%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.25%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.5%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.75%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 2%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 3%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 4%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 5%.

[0131] In some embodiments, the concentration of the compound of Formula I is about 0.80%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.05%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.10%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.15%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.20%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.25%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.30%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.35%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.40%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.45%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.50%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.55%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.60%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.65%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.70%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.75%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.80%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.85%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.90%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.95%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.0%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.25%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.5%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.75%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 2%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 3%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 4%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 5%.

[0132] In some embodiments, the concentration of the compound of Formula I is about 0.85%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.05%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.10%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.15%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.20%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.25%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.30%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.35%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.40%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.45%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.50%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.55%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.60%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.65%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.70%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.75%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.80%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.85%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.90%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.95%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.0%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.25%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.5%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.75%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 2%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 3%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 4%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 5%.

[0133] In some embodiments, the concentration of the compound of Formula I is about 0.90%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.05%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0. 10%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.15%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.20%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.25%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.30%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.35%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.40%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.45%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.50%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.55%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.60%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.65%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.70%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.75%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.80%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.85%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.90%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.95%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.0%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.25%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.5%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.75%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 2%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 3%. In some further Attorney Docket No.10604-029WO1 embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 4%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 5%. In some embodiments, the concentration of the compound of Formula I is about 0.95%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.05%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.10%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.15%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.20%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.25%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.30%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.35%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.40%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.45%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.50%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.55%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.60%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.65%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.70%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.75%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.80%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.85%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.90%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.95%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.0%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.25%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.5%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.75%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 2%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 3%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 4%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 5%. In some embodiments, the concentration of the compound of Formula I is about 1.0%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.05%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.10%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.15%. In some further Attorney Docket No.10604-029WO1 embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.20%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.25%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.30%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.35%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.40%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.45%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.50%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.55%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.60%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.65%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.70%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.75%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.80%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.85%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.90%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.95%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.0%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.25%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.5%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.75%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 2%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 3%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 4%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 5%. In some embodiments, the concentration of the compound of Formula I is about 1.25%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.05%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.10%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.15%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.20%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.25%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.30%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.35%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.40%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.45%. In some further Attorney Docket No.10604-029WO1 embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.50%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.55%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.60%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.65%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.70%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.75%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.80%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.85%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.90%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.95%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.0%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.25%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.5%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.75%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 2%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 3%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 4%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 5%. In some embodiments, the concentration of the compound of Formula I is about 1.50%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.05%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.10%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.15%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.20%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.25%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.30%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.35%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.40%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.45%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.50%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.55%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.60%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.65%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.70%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.75%. In some further Attorney Docket No.10604-029WO1 embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.80%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.85%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.90%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.95%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.0%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.25%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.5%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.75%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 2%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 3%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 4%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 5%. In some embodiments, the concentration of the compound of Formula I is about 1.75%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.05%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.10%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.15%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.20%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.25%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.30%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.35%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.40%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.45%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.50%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.55%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.60%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.65%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.70%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.75%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.80%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.85%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.90%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.95%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.0%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.25%. In some further Attorney Docket No.10604-029WO1 embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.5%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.75%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 2%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 3%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 4%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 5%. In some embodiments, the concentration of the compound of Formula I is about 2%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.05%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.10%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.15%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.20%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.25%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.30%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.35%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.40%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.45%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.50%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.55%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.60%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.65%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.70%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.75%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.80%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.85%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.90%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.95%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.0%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.25%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.5%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.75%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 2%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 3%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 4%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 5%. Attorney Docket No.10604-029WO1 In some embodiments, the concentration of the compound of Formula I is about 3%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.05%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.10%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.15%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.20%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.25%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.30%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.35%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.40%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.45%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.50%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.55%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.60%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.65%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.70%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.75%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.80%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.85%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.90%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.95%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.0%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.25%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.5%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.75%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 2%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 3%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 4%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 5%. In some embodiments, the concentration of the compound of Formula I is about 4%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.05%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.10%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.15%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.20%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.25%. In some further Attorney Docket No.10604-029WO1 embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.30%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.35%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.40%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.45%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.50%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.55%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.60%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.65%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.70%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.75%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.80%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.85%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.90%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.95%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.0%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.25%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.5%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.75%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 2%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 3%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 4%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 5%. In some embodiments, the concentration of the compound of Formula I is about 5%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.05%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.10%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.15%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.20%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.25%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.30%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.35%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.40%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.45%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.50%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.55%. In some further Attorney Docket No.10604-029WO1 embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.60%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.65%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.70%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.75%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.80%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.85%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.90%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 0.95%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.0%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.25%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.5%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 1.75%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 2%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 3%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 4%. In some further embodiments, the concentration of the surfactant is about 5%. In some embodiments, the aqueous compositions can further include a viscosity enhancing water-soluble polymer. In some embodiments, the water-soluble polymer may be a biopolymer such as xanthan gum or scleroglucan, a synthetic polymer such as polyacryamide, hydrolyzed polyarcrylamide or co-polymers of acrylamide and acrylic acid, 2-acrylamido 2-methyl propane sulfonate or N-vinyl pyrrolidone, a synthetic polymer such as polyethylene oxide, or any other high molecular weight polymer soluble in water or brine. In some embodiments, the polymer is polyacrylamide (PAM), partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamides (HPAM), and copolymers of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid or sodium salt or mixtures thereof, and polyacrylamide (PAM) commonly referred to as AMPS copolymer and mixtures of the copolymers thereof. In one embodiment, the viscosity enhancing water-soluble polymer is polyacrylamide or a co-polymer of polyacrylamide. In one embodiment, the viscosity enhancing water-soluble polymer is a partially (e.g.20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%) hydrolyzed anionic polyacrylamide. In some further embodiment, the viscosity enhancing water-soluble polymer has a molecular weight of approximately about 8x106Daltons. In some other further embodiment, the viscosity enhancing water-soluble polymer has a molecular weight of approximately about 18x106Daltons. Non-limiting examples of commercially available polymers useful for the invention including embodiments provided herein are Florpaam 3330S and Florpaam Attorney Docket No.10604-029WO1 3360S. Molecular weights of the polymers may range from about 10,000 Daltons to about 20,000,000 Daltons. In some embodiments, the viscosity enhancing water-soluble polymer is used in the range of about 500 to about 5000 ppm concentration, such as from about 1000 to 2000 ppm (e.g., in order to match or exceed the reservoir oil viscosity under the reservoir conditions of temperature and pressure). In some embodiments, the aqueous compositions can further include an alkali agent. An alkali agent as provided herein can be a basic, ionic salt of an alkali metal (e.g., lithium, sodium, potassium) or alkaline earth metal element (e.g., magnesium, calcium, barium, radium). Examples of suitable alkali agents include, for example, NaOH, KOH, LiOH, Na2CO3, NaHCO3, Na-metaborate, Na silicate, Na orthosilicate, Na acetate or NH4OH. The aqueous composition may include seawater, or fresh water from an aquifer, river or lake. In some embodiments, the aqueous composition includes hard brine water or soft brine water. In some further embodiments, the water is soft brine water. In some further embodiments, the water is hard brine water. Where the aqueous composition includes soft brine water, the aqueous composition can further include an alkaline agent. In soft brine water the alkaline agent can provide for enhanced soap generation from the active oils, lower surfactant adsorption to the solid material (e.g., rock) in the reservoir and increased solubility of viscosity enhancing water soluble polymers. The alkali agent can be present in the aqueous composition at a concentration from about 0.1% w / w to about 10% w / w. The combined amount of alkali agent and compound provided herein (e.g., compound of Formula I) present in the aqueous composition provided herein can be approximately equal to or less than about 10% w / w. In some embodiments, the total concentration of alkali agent (i.e., the total amount of alkali agent within the aqueous compositions and emulsion compositions provided herein) in is from about 0.05% w / w to about 5% w / w. In other embodiments, the total alkali agent concentration in the aqueous composition is from about 0.25% w / w to about 5% w / w. In other embodiments, the total alkali agent concentration in the aqueous composition is about 0.5% w / w. In other embodiments, the total alkali agent concentration in the aqueous composition is about 0.75% w / w. In other embodiments, the total alkali agent concentration in the aqueous composition is about 1% w / w. In other embodiments, the total alkali agent concentration in the aqueous composition is about 1.25% w / w. In other embodiments, the total alkali agent concentration in the aqueous composition is about 1.50% w / w. In other embodiments, the total alkali agent concentration in the aqueous composition is about 1.75% w / w. In other embodiments, the total alkali agent concentration in the aqueous composition is about 2% Attorney Docket No.10604-029WO1 w / w. In other embodiments, the total alkali agent concentration in the aqueous composition is about 2.25% w / w. In other embodiments, the total alkali agent concentration in the aqueous composition is about 2.5% w / w. In other embodiments, the total alkali agent concentration in the aqueous composition is about 2.75% w / w. In other embodiments, the total alkali agent concentration in the aqueous composition is about 3% w / w. In other embodiments, the total alkali agent concentration in the aqueous composition is about 3.25% w / w. In other embodiments, the total alkali agent concentration in the aqueous composition is about 3.5% w / w. In other embodiments, the total alkali agent concentration in the aqueous composition is about 3.75% w / w. In other embodiments, the total alkali agent concentration in the aqueous composition is about 4% w / w. In other embodiments, the total alkali agent concentration in the aqueous composition is about 4.25% w / w. In other embodiments, the total alkali agent concentration in the aqueous composition is about 4.5% w / w. In other embodiments, the total alkali agent concentration in the aqueous composition is about 4.75% w / w. In other embodiments, the total alkali agent concentration in the aqueous composition is about 5.0% w / w. In some embodiments, the alkali agent can be present in the aqueous compositions in an effective amount to afford an aqueous composition having a pH of from 10 to 12 (e.g., 10.5 to 11.5). In some embodiments, the aqueous compositions can further include a co-solvent. In embodiments, the co-solvent is an alcohol, alcohol ethoxylate, glycol ether, glycols, or glycerol. The aqueous compositions provided herein may include more than one co- solvent. Thus, in embodiments, the aqueous composition includes a plurality of different co-solvents. Where the aqueous composition includes a plurality of different co-solvents, the different co-solvents can be distinguished by their chemical (structural) properties. For example, the aqueous composition may include a first co-solvent, a second co-solvent and a third co-solvent, wherein the first co-solvent is chemically different from the second and the third co-solvent, and the second co-solvent is chemically different from the third co-solvent. In embodiments, the plurality of different co-solvents includes at least two different alcohols (e.g., a C1-C6alcohol and a C1-C4alcohol). In embodiments, the aqueous composition includes a C1-C6 alcohol and a C1-C4 alcohol. In embodiments, the plurality of different co-solvents includes at least two different alkoxy alcohols (e.g., a C1-C6alkoxy alcohol and a C1-C4 alkoxy alcohol). In embodiments, the aqueous composition includes a C1-C6alkoxy alcohol and a C1-C4alkoxy alcohol. In embodiments, the plurality of different co-solvents includes at least two co-solvents selected from the group consisting of alcohols, alkyl alkoxy alcohols and phenyl alkoxy alcohols. For example, the plurality of different Attorney Docket No.10604-029WO1 co-solvents may include an alcohol and an alkyl alkoxy alcohol, an alcohol and a phenyl alkoxy alcohol, or an alcohol, an alkyl alkoxy alcohol and a phenyl alkoxy alcohol. The alkyl alkoxy alcohols or phenyl alkoxy alcohols provided herein have a hydrophobic portion (alkyl or aryl chain), a hydrophilic portion (e.g., an alcohol) and optionally an alkoxy (ethoxylate or propoxylate) portion. Thus, in embodiments, the co-solvent is an alcohol, alkoxy alcohol, glycol ether, glycol or glycerol. Suitable co-solvents are known in the art, and include, for example, co-solvents described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2013 / 0281327 which is hereby incorporated herein in its entirety In some embodiments, a co-solvent can be present in an amount sufficient to increase the solubility of the alkoxylated surfactant (when present) in the aqueous phase relative to the absence of the co-solvent. In other words, in the presence of a sufficient amount of the co-solvent, the solubility of the co-solvent in the aqueous phase is higher than in the absence of the co-solvent. In embodiments, the co-solvent can be present in an amount sufficient to increase the solubility of the surfactant in the aqueous phase relative to the absence of the co-solvent. Thus, in the presence of a sufficient amount of the co-solvent the solubility of the surfactant in the aqueous phase can be higher than in the absence of the co-solvent. In embodiments, the co-solvent can be present in an amount sufficient to decrease the viscosity of an emulsion formed from the composition relative to the absence of the co-solvent. In some embodiments, the co-solvent can be a polyol alkoxylated co-solvent. The polyol alkoxylated co-solvent can be defined by Formula A below Formula A wherein BO represents -CH2-CH(ethyl)-O- or -CH3CH(O-)CH3; PO represents –CH2-CH(methyl)-O-; EO represents –CH2-CH2-O-; R1represents a C1-C8alkyl group (e.g., a C1-C6alkyl group) or a cyclic structure derived from alkoxylation of an alkyl monoglucoside, an alkyl polyglucoside, a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, or a polysaccharide;n is an integer from 2 to 6; x is an integer from 0 to 5; y is an integer from 1 to 10; and z is an integer from 0 to 50. Attorney Docket No.10604-029WO1 In some embodiments, n can be an integer from 3 to 6, from 3 to 5, from 3 to 4, from 4 to 5, or from 4 to 6. In some embodiments, n can be an integer from 3 to 6. In some embodiments, n can be 3, 4, 5, or 6. In some embodiments, n is 3. In some embodiments, R1can be a C1-C6alkyl group, a C1-C5alkyl, C1-C4alkyl, C1- C3 alkyl, C1-C2 alkyl, C2-C6 alkyl, C2-C5 alkyl, C2-C4 alkyl, C2-C3 alkyl, C3-C6 alkyl, C3-C5 alkyl, C3-C4alkyl,C4-C5alkyl, C4-C6alkyl, or C5-C6alkyl group. In some embodiments, R1can be a C3-C6 alkyl group. In some embodiments, the compound of Formula A can be defined by Formula B below wherein BO represents -CH2-CH(ethyl)-O- or -CH3CH(O-)CH3; PO represents –CH2-CH(methyl)-O-; EO represents –CH2-CH2-O-; x is an integer from 0 to 5; y is an integer from 1 to 10; and z is an integer from 0 to 50. In some embodiments, the compound of Formula A can be defined by Formula C below wherein A represents -(BO)x-(PO)y-(EO)z-H BO represents -CH2-CH(ethyl)-O- or -CH3CH(O-)CH3; PO represents –CH2-CH(methyl)-O-; EO represents –CH2-CH2-O-; x is an integer from 0 to 5; y is an integer from 1 to 10; and z is an integer from 0 to 50. Attorney Docket No.10604-029WO1 In some embodiments, the compound of Formula A can be defined by Formula C-a below wherein BO represents -CH2-CH(ethyl)-O- or -CH3CH(O-)CH3; PO represents –CH2-CH(methyl)-O-; EO represents –CH2-CH2-O-; x is an integer from 0 to 5; y is an integer from 1 to 10; and z is an integer from 0 to 50. In some embodiments, the compound of Formula A can be defined by Formula D below Formula D wherein BO represents -CH2-CH(ethyl)-O- or -CH3CH(O-)CH3; PO represents –CH2-CH(methyl)-O-; EO represents –CH2-CH2-O-; x is an integer from 0 to 5; y is an integer from 1 to 10; and z is an integer from 0 to 50. In some embodiments, the compound of Formula A can be defined by Formula E below Formula E wherein Attorney Docket No.10604-029WO1 BO represents -CH2-CH(ethyl)-O- or -CH3CH(O-)CH3; PO represents –CH2-CH(methyl)-O-; EO represents –CH2-CH2-O-; x is an integer from 0 to 5; y is an integer from 1 to 10; and z is an integer from 0 to 50. In some embodiments, the compound of Formula A can be defined of Formula F below Formula F wherein BO represents -CH2-CH(ethyl)-O- or -CH3CH(O-)CH3; PO represents –CH2-CH(methyl)-O-; EO represents –CH2-CH2-O-; x is an integer from 0 to 5; y is an integer from 1 to 10; and z is an integer from 0 to 50. In some embodiments, the compound of Formula A can be defined of Formula G below Formula G wherein BO represents -CH2-CH(ethyl)-O- or -CH3CH(O-)CH3; PO represents –CH2-CH(methyl)-O-; EO represents –CH2-CH2-O-; x is an integer from 0 to 5; y is an integer from 1 to 10; and z is an integer from 0 to 50. Attorney Docket No.10604-029WO1 In some embodiments, the compound of Formula A can be defined by Formula H below wherein A represents -(BO)x-(PO)y-(EO)z-H BO represents -CH2-CH(ethyl)-O- or -CH3CH(O-)CH3; PO represents –CH2-CH(methyl)-O-; EO represents –CH2-CH2-O-; x is an integer from 0 to 15; y is an integer from 1 to 10; and z is an integer from 0 to 50. In some embodiments, the compound of Formula A can be defined by Formula D-a below wherein PO represents –CH2-CH(methyl)-O-; and y is an integer from 1 to 10. In some embodiments, the compound of Formula A can be defined by Formula E-a below Formula E-a wherein PO represents –CH2-CH(methyl)-O-; and y is an integer from 1 to 10. Attorney Docket No.10604-029WO1 In some embodiments, the compound of Formula A can be defined by Formula B-a below Formula B-a wherein PO represents –CH2-CH(methyl)-O-; and y is an integer from 1 to 10. In some embodiments, the compound of Formula A can be defined by Formula F-a below Formula F-a wherein PO represents –CH2-CH(methyl)-O-; and y is an integer from 1 to 10. In some embodiments, the compound of Formula A can be defined by Formula G-a below Formula G-a wherein PO represents –CH2-CH(methyl)-O-; and y is an integer from 1 to 10. In some embodiments, the compound of Formula I can be defined by Formula H-a below Attorney Docket No.10604-029WO1 wherein A represents -(PO)y-H PO represents –CH2-CH(methyl)-O-; and y is an integer from 1 to 10. In some embodiments, the compound of Formula A can be defined by Formula B-b below wherein PO represents –CH2-CH(methyl)-O-; EO represents –CH2-CH2-O-; y is an integer from 1 to 10; and z is an integer from 0 to 50. In some embodiments, the compound of Formula A can be defined by Formula C-b below wherein A represents -(PO)y-(EO)z-H PO represents –CH2-CH(methyl)-O-; EO represents –CH2-CH2-O-; y is an integer from 1 to 10; and z is an integer from 0 to 50. In some embodiments, the compound of Formula A can be defined by Formula C-c below Attorney Docket No.10604-029WO1 wherein PO represents –CH2-CH(methyl)-O-; EO represents –CH2-CH2-O-; y is an integer from 1 to 10; and z is an integer from 0 to 50. In some embodiments, the compound of Formula A can be defined by Formula D-b below Formula D-b wherein PO represents –CH2-CH(methyl)-O-; EO represents –CH2-CH2-O-; y is an integer from 1 to 10; and z is an integer from 0 to 50. In some embodiments, the compound of Formula A can be defined by Formula E-b below Formula E-b wherein PO represents –CH2-CH(methyl)-O-; EO represents –CH2-CH2-O-; y is an integer from 1 to 10; and z is an integer from 0 to 50. In some embodiments, the compound of Formula A can be defined of Formula F-b below Attorney Docket No.10604-029WO1 wherein PO represents –CH2-CH(methyl)-O-; EO represents –CH2-CH2-O-; y is an integer from 1 to 10; and z is an integer from 0 to 50. In some embodiments, the compound of Formula A can be defined of Formula G-b below wherein PO represents –CH2-CH(methyl)-O-; EO represents –CH2-CH2-O-; y is an integer from 1 to 10; and z is an integer from 0 to 50. In some embodiments, the compound of Formula A can be defined by Formula H-b below wherein A represents –(PO)y-(EO)z-H PO represents –CH2-CH(methyl)-O-; EO represents –CH2-CH2-O-; y is an integer from 1 to 10; and z is an integer from 0 to 50. Attorney Docket No.10604-029WO1 In some embodiments, the compound of Formula A can be defined by Formula B-c below Formula B-c wherein PO represents –CH2-CH(methyl)-O-; EO represents –CH2-CH2-O-; Q is hydrogen; y is an integer from 1 to 10; and z is an integer from 0 to 50. In some embodiments, the compound of Formula A can be defined by Formula C-e below wherein A represents -(EO)z-(PO)y-Q PO represents –CH2-CH(methyl)-O-; EO represents –CH2-CH2-O-; Q is hydrogen; y is an integer from 1 to 10; and z is an integer from 0 to 50. In some embodiments, the compound of Formula A can be defined by Formula C-e below wherein PO represents –CH2-CH(methyl)-O-; EO represents –CH2-CH2-O-; Attorney Docket No.10604-029WO1 Q is hydrogen; y is an integer from 11 to 60; and y is an integer from 1 to 10; and z is an integer from 0 to 50. In some embodiments, the compound of Formula A can be defined by Formula D-c below Formula D-c wherein PO represents –CH2-CH(methyl)-O-; EO represents –CH2-CH2-O-; Q is hydrogen; y is an integer from 1 to 10; and z is an integer from 0 to 50. In some embodiments, the compound of Formula A can be defined by Formula E-c below Formula E-c wherein PO represents –CH2-CH(methyl)-O-; EO represents –CH2-CH2-O-; Q is hydrogen; y is an integer from 1 to 10; and z is an integer from 0 to 50. In some embodiments, the compound of Formula A can be defined of Formula F-c below Attorney Docket No.10604-029WO1 Formula F-c wherein PO represents –CH2-CH(methyl)-O-; EO represents –CH2-CH2-O-; Q is hydrogen; y is an integer from 1 to 10; and z is an integer from 0 to 50. In some embodiments, the compound of Formula A can be defined of Formula G-c below Formula G-c wherein PO represents –CH2-CH(methyl)-O-; EO represents –CH2-CH2-O-; Q is hydrogen; y is an integer from 1 to 10; and z is an integer from 0 to 50. In some embodiments, the compound of Formula A can be defined by Formula H-c below wherein A represents -(EO)z-(PO)y-Q PO represents –CH2-CH(methyl)-O-; EO represents –CH2-CH2-O-; Q is hydrogen; Attorney Docket No.10604-029WO1 y is an integer from 1 to 10; and z is an integer from 0 to 50. In some embodiments, y can be an integer from 1 to 10, (e.g., from 1 to 2, from 1 to 3, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 5, from 1 to 6, from 1 to 7, from 1 to 8, from 1 to 9, from 2 to 3, from 2 to 4, from 2 to 5, from 2 to 6, from 2 to 7, from 2 to 8, from 2 to 9, from 2 to 10, from 3 to 4, from 3 to 5, from 3 to 6, from 3 to 7, from 3 to 8, from 3 to 9, from 3 to 10, from 4 to 5, from 4 to 6, from 4 to 7, from 4 to 8, from 4 to 9, from 4 to 10, from 5 to 6, from 5 to 7, from 5 to 8, from 5 to 9, from 5 to 10, from 6 to 7, from 6 to 8, from 6 to 9, from 6 to 10, from 7 to 8, from 7 to 9, from 7 to 10, from 8 to 9, from 8 to 10, or from 9 to 10). In some embodiments, y can be 1. In some embodiments, y can be 4. In some embodiments, y can be 6. In some embodiments, y can be 10. In some embodiments, x can be an integer from 0 to 5 (e.g., from 0 to 5, from 1 to 5, from 2 to 5, from 3 to 5, from 4 to 5, from 0 to 4, from 1 to 4, from 2 to 4, from 3 to 4, from 0 to 3, from 1 to 3, from 2 to 3, from 0 to 2, from 1 to 2, or from 0 to 1). In some embodiments, x can be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5. In some embodiments, x can be 0. In some embodiments, z can be an integer from 0 to 50 (e.g. from 0 to 50, from 1 to 50, from 5 to 50, from 10 to 50, from 15 to 50, from 20 to 50, from 25 to 50, from 30 to 50, from 40 to 50, from 0 to 40, from 1 to 40, from 5 to 40, from 10 to 40, from 15 to 40, from 20 to 40, from 25 to 40, from 30 to 40, from 0 to 35, from 1 to 35, from 5 to 35, from 10 to 35, from 15 to 35, from 20 to 35, from 25 to 35, from 0 to 30, from 1 to 30, from 5 to 30, from 10 to 30, from 15 to 30, from 20 to 30, from 25 to 30, from 0 to 25, from 1 to 25, from 5 to 25, from 10 to 25, from 15 to 25, from 20 to 25, from 0 to 20, from 1 to 20, from 5 to 20, from 10 to 20, from 15 to 20, from 0 to 15, from 1 to 15, from 5 to 15, from 10 to 15, from 0 to 10, from 1 to 10, from 5 to 10, from 0 to 5, from 1 to 5, from 2 to 5, from 3 to 5, from 4 to 5, from 0 to 4, from 1 to 4, from 2 to 4, from 3 to 4, from 0 to 3, from 1 to 3, from 2 to 3, from 0 to 2, from 1 to 2, from 0 to 1). In some embodiments, z can be 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, or 50. In some embodiments, z can be 0. In some embodiments, z is greater than 1. In some embodiments, z is greater than 5, greater than 10, greater than 15, greater than 20, greater than 25, greater than 30, greater than 35, greater than 40, or greater than 45. In some embodiments, the co-solvent can be an amine based polyol alkoxylated co- solvent. The amine based polyol alkoxylated co-solvent can be defined by Formula J below Attorney Docket No.10604-029WO1 Formula J wherein BO represents -CH2-CH(ethyl)-O- or -CH3CH(O-)CH3; PO represents –CH2-CH(methyl)-O-; EO represents –CH2-CH2-O-; R2is absent, -((BO)x-(PO)y-(EO)z-)m-A, or -CH2R3; R3is C1-C10alkoxy, aryloxy, or –C(O)O-M+, or –C(O)OH; M+, when present, is a cation; m is an integer from 1 to 3; p is an integer from 2 to 3; A is H; x is an integer from 0 to 5; y is an integer from 1 to 10; and z is an integer from 0 to 50, wherein when R2is absent, p is 3. In some embodiments, R2can be -CH2R3. In some embodiments, R2is absent. In some embodiments, R2is –CH2C(O)O-M+, or –CH2C(O)OH. In some embodiments, p is 3. In some embodiments, p is 2. In some embodiments, m is 2. In some embodiments, the compound of Formula J can be selected from: , Attorney Docket No.10604-029WO1 In some embodiments, y can be an integer from 1 to 10, (e.g., from 1 to 2, from 1 to 3, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 5, from 1 to 6, from 1 to 7, from 1 to 8, from 1 to 9, from 2 to 3, from 2 to 4, from 2 to 5, from 2 to 6, from 2 to 7, from 2 to 8, from 2 to 9, from 2 to 10, from 3 to 4, from 3 to 5, from 3 to 6, from 3 to 7, from 3 to 8, from 3 to 9, from 3 to 10, from 4 to 5, from 4 to 6, from 4 to 7, from 4 to 8, from 4 to 9, from 4 to 10, from 5 to 6, from 5 to 7, from 5 to 8, from 5 to 9, from 5 to 10, from 6 to 7, from 6 to 8, from 6 to 9, from 6 to 10, from 7 to 8, from 7 to 9, from 7 to 10, from 8 to 9, from 8 to 10, or from 9 to 10). In some embodiments, y can be 1. In some embodiments, y can be 4. In some embodiments, y can be 6. In some embodiments, y can be 10. In some embodiments, x can be an integer from 0 to 5 (e.g., from 0 to 5, from 1 to 5, from 2 to 5, from 3 to 5, from 4 to 5, from 0 to 4, from 1 to 4, from 2 to 4, from 3 to 4, from 0 to 3, from 1 to 3, from 2 to 3, from 0 to 2, from 1 to 2, or from 0 to 1). In some embodiments, x can be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5. In some embodiments, x can be 0. In some embodiments, z can be an integer from 0 to 50 (e.g. from 0 to 50, from 1 to 50, from 5 to 50, from 10 to 50, from 15 to 50, from 20 to 50, from 25 to 50, from 30 to 50, from 40 to 50, from 0 to 40, from 1 to 40, from 5 to 40, from 10 to 40, from 15 to 40, from 20 to 40, from 25 to 40, from 30 to 40, from 0 to 35, from 1 to 35, from 5 to 35, from 10 to 35, from 15 to 35, from 20 to 35, from 25 to 35, from 0 to 30, from 1 to 30, from 5 to 30, from 10 to 30, from 15 to 30, from 20 to 30, from 25 to 30, from 0 to 25, from 1 to 25, from 5 to 25, from 10 to 25, from 15 to 25, from 20 to 25, from 0 to 20, from 1 to 20, from 5 to 20, from 10 to 20, from 15 to 20, from 0 to 15, from 1 to 15, from 5 to 15, from 10 to 15, from 0 to 10, from 1 to 10, from 5 to 10, from 0 to 5, from 1 to 5, from 2 to 5, from 3 to 5, from 4 to 5, from 0 to 4, from 1 to 4, from 2 to 4, from 3 to 4, from 0 to 3, from 1 to 3, from 2 to 3, from 0 to 2, from 1 to 2, from 0 to 1). In some embodiments, z can be 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, or 50. In some embodiments, z can be 0. In some embodiments, z is greater than 1. In some embodiments, z is greater than 5, greater than 10, greater than 15, greater than 20, greater than 25, greater than 30, greater than 35, greater than 40, or greater than 45. In other embodiments, the aqueous composition can be substantially free of co- solvents (e.g., the composition can include less than 0.05% by weight additional co- solvents, based on the total weight of the composition). In some embodiments, the aqueous composition can further include a gas. For instance, the gas may be combined with the aqueous composition to reduce its mobility by decreasing the liquid flow in the pores of the solid material (e.g., rock). In some Attorney Docket No.10604-029WO1 embodiments, the gas may be supercritical carbon dioxide, nitrogen, natural gas or mixtures of these and other gases. In some embodiments, the aqueous composition can have a pH of at least 7 (e.g., a pH of at least 7.5, a pH of at least 8, a pH of at least 8.5, a pH of at least 9, a pH of at least 9.5, a pH of at least 10, a pH of at least 10.5, a pH of at least 11, a pH of at least 11.5, or a pH of at least 12.5). In some embodiments, the aqueous composition can have a pH of 13 or less (e.g., a pH of 12.5 or less, a pH of 12 or less, a pH of 11.5 or less, a pH of 11 or less, a pH of 10.5 or less, a pH of 10 or less, a pH of 9.5 or less, a pH of 9 or less, a pH of 8.5 or less, a pH of 8 or less, or a pH of 7.5 or less). The aqueous composition can have a pH ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above. For example, the aqueous composition can have a pH of from 7 to 13 (e.g., from 10 to 12, or from 10.5 to 11.5). In some embodiments, the aqueous composition can have a salinity of at least 5,000 ppm. In other embodiments, the aqueous composition has a salinity of at least 50,000 ppm. In other embodiments, the aqueous composition has a salinity of at least 100,000 ppm. In other embodiments, the aqueous composition has a salinity of at least 250,000 ppm. The total range of salinity (total dissolved solids in the brine) is 100 ppm to saturated brine (about 260,000 ppm). The aqueous composition may include seawater, brine or fresh water from an aquifer, river or lake. The aqueous combination may further include salt to increase the salinity. In some embodiments, the salt is NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, MgCl2, CaSO4, Na acetate or Na2CO3. In some embodiments, the aqueous composition can have a temperature of at least 20°C (e.g., at least 30°C, at least 40°C, at least 50°C, at least 60°C, at least 70°C, at least 80°C, at least 90°C, at least 100°C, or at least 110°C). The aqueous composition can have a temperature of 120°C or less (e.g., 110°C or less, 100°C or less, 90°C or less, 80°C or less, 70°C or less, 60°C or less, 50°C or less, 40°C or less, or 30°C or less). The aqueous composition can have a temperature ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above. For example, the aqueous composition can have a temperature of from 20°C to 120°C (e.g., from 50°C to 120°C, or from 80°C to 120°C). In some embodiments, the aqueous composition can have a viscosity of between 20 mPas and 100 mPas at 20°C. The viscosity of the aqueous solution may be increased from 0.3 mPas to 1, 2, 10, 20, 100 or even 1000 mPas by including a water-soluble polymer. As Attorney Docket No.10604-029WO1 mentioned above, the apparent viscosity of the aqueous composition may be increased with a gas (e.g., a foam forming gas) as an alternative to the water-soluble polymer. Also provided are emulsions comprising a compound described herein or an aqueous composition described herein and unrefined petroleum. In some embodiments, the emulsion composition can be a microemulsion. A "microemulsion" as referred to herein is a thermodynamically stable mixture of oil, water and surfactants that may also include additional components such as co-solvents, electrolytes, alkali and polymers. In contrast, a "macroemulsion" as referred to herein is a thermodynamically unstable mixture of oil and water that may also include additional components. The emulsion composition provided herein may be an oil-in-water emulsion, wherein a surfactant forms aggregates (e.g., micelles) where the hydrophilic part of the surfactant molecule(s) contacts the aqueous phase of the emulsion and the lipophilic part contacts the oil phase of the emulsion. Thus, in some embodiments, the surfactant(s) form part of the aqueous part of the emulsion. And in other embodiments, the surfactant(s) form part of the oil phase of the emulsion. In yet another embodiment, the surfactant(s) form part of an interface between the aqueous phase and the oil phase of the emulsion. In other embodiments, the oil and water solubilization ratios are insensitive to the combined concentration of divalent metal cations (e.g., Ca2+and Mg2+) within the emulsion composition. In other embodiments, the oil and water solubilization ratios are insensitive to the salinity of the water or to all of the specific electrolytes contained in the water. The term "insensitive" used in the context of this paragraph means that the solubilization ratio tends not to change (e.g., tends to remain constant) as the concentration of divalent metal cations and / or salinity of water changes. In some embodiments, the change in the solubilization ratios are less than 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, or 50% over a divalent metal cation concentration range of 10 ppm, 100 ppm, 1000 ppm or 10,000 ppm. In another embodiment, the change in the solubilization ratios are less than 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, or 50% over a salinity concentration range of 10 ppm, 100 ppm, 1000 ppm or 10,000 ppm. Also provided herein are inverted polymer solutions, as well as methods of preparing the inverted polymer solutions from polymer compositions. In some embodiments, the polymer composition can comprise a liquid polymer (LP) composition comprising: one or more synthetic (co)polymers, an inversion package comprising a compound described herein, optionally one or more hydrophobic liquids, and optionally one or more surfactants. In other embodiments, the polymer composition can comprise a powder polymer suspended in an inversion package comprising a compound described herein and Attorney Docket No.10604-029WO1 optionally a water soluble solvent, wherein the powder polymer and the inversion package are present at a weight ratio of powder polymer to inversion package of from 20:80 to 80:20. Polymer Compositions Provided herein are polymer compositions that include a compound described herein. In some embodiments, the polymer composition can comprise a liquid polymer (LP) composition comprising: one or more synthetic (co)polymers, an inversion package comprising a compound described herein, optionally one or more hydrophobic liquids, and optionally one or more surfactants. In other embodiments, the polymer composition can comprise a powder polymer suspended in an inversion package comprising a compound described herein and optionally a water soluble solvent, wherein the powder polymer and the inversion package are present at a weight ratio of powder polymer to inversion package of from 20:80 to 80:20. In some embodiments, LP compositions can comprise one or more synthetic (co)polymers (e.g., one or more acrylamide (co)polymers) and an inversion package dispersed or emulsified in one or more hydrophobic liquids. In some embodiments, the LP compositions can further comprise one or more surfactants (e.g., one or more emulsifying surfactants and one or more inverting surfactants). In some embodiments, the LP compositions can further comprise a small amount of water. For example, the LP compositions can further comprise less than 10% by weight (e.g., less than 5% by weight, less than 4% by weight, less than 3% by weight, less than 2.5% by weight, less than 2% by weight, or less than 1% by weight) water, based on the total weight of all the components of the LP composition. In certain embodiments, the LP compositions can be water-free or substantially water-free (i.e., the composition can include less than 0.5% by weight water, based on the total weight of the composition). The LP compositions can optionally include one or more additional components which do not substantially diminish the desired performance or activity of the composition. It will be understood by a person having ordinary skill in the art how to appropriately formulate the LP composition to provide necessary or desired features or properties. In some embodiments, the LP composition can comprise one or more hydrophobic liquids; one or more synthetic co-polymers (e.g., acrylamide-(co)polymers); and an inversion package. In some embodiments, the LP composition can comprise one or more hydrophobic liquids; one or more synthetic co-polymers (e.g., acrylamide-(co)polymers); an inversion Attorney Docket No.10604-029WO1 package, and one or more surfactants (e.g., one or more emulsifier surfactants, and / or one or more inverting surfactants). In some embodiments, the LP composition can comprise one or more hydrophobic liquids; one or more acrylamide-(co)polymers; an inversion package; one or more emulsifier surfactants; and one or more inverting surfactants. In some embodiments, the LP compositions can comprise less than 10% by weight (e.g., less than 7% by weight, less than 5% by weight, less than 4% by weight, less than 3% by weight, less than 2.5% by weight, less than 2% by weight, or less than 1% by weight) water prior to inversion, based on the total weight of all the components of the LP composition. In certain embodiments, the LP composition, prior to inversion, comprises from 1% to 10% water by weight, or from 1% to 5% water by weight, based on the total amount of all components of the composition. In some embodiments, the solution viscosity (SV) of a 0.1% solution of the LP composition can be greater than 3.0 cP, or greater than 5 cP, or greater than 7 cP. The SV of the LP composition can be selected based, at least in part, on the intended actives concentration of the inverted polymer solution, to provide desired performance characteristics in the inverted polymer solution. A liquid polymer composition with a lower or higher SV range may still provide desirable results, but may require changing the actives concentration of the inverted composition to achieve desired filter ratio and viscosity properties. For example, if the liquid polymer composition has a lower SV range, it may be desirable to increase the actives concentration of the inverted composition. In some embodiments, the LP composition can comprise one or more synthetic (co)polymers (e.g., one or more acrylamide (co)polymers) and an inversion package comprising a compound described herein dispersed in one or more hydrophobic liquids. In these embodiments, the LP composition can comprise at least 39% inversion package by weight (e.g., at least 40% by weight, at least 45% by weight, at least 50% by weight, at least 55% by weight, at least 60% by weight, at least 65% by weight, at least 70% by weight, or at least 75% by weight), based on the total amount of all components of the composition. In some embodiments, the LP composition can comprise 80% by weight or less inversion package (e.g., 75% by weight or less, 70% by weight or less, 65% by weight or less, 60% by weight or less, 55% by weight or less, 50% by weight or less, 45% by weight or less, or 40% by weight or less), based on the total amount of all components of the composition. The LP composition can comprise an amount of inversion package ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above. Attorney Docket No.10604-029WO1 For example, in some embodiments, the LP composition can comprise from 39% to 80% by weight inversion package (e.g., from 39% to 60% by weight, or from 39% to 50% by weight), based on the total weight of the composition. In some embodiments, the LP composition can comprise one or more synthetic (co)polymers (e.g., one or more acrylamide (co)polymers) and an inversion package comprising a compound described herein emulsified in one or more hydrophobic liquids. In these embodiments, the LP composition can comprise at least 10% inversion package by weight (e.g., at least 15% by weight, at least 20% by weight, at least 25% by weight, or at least 30% by weight), based on the total amount of all components of the composition. In some embodiments, the LP composition can comprise less than 38% by weight inversion package (e.g., less than 35% by weight, less than 30% by weight, less than 25% by weight, less than 20% by weight, or less than 15% by weight), based on the total amount of all components of the composition. The LP composition can comprise an amount of inversion package ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above. For example, in some embodiments, the LP composition can comprise from 10% to 38% by weight inversion package (e.g., from 10% to 35% by weight, from 15% to 30% by weight, from 15% to 35% by weight, from 15% to 38% by weight, from 20% to 30% by weight, from 20% to 35% by weight, or from 20% to 38% by weight), based on the total weight of the composition. In other embodiments, the polymer composition can comprise a powder polymer suspended in an inversion package comprising a compound described herein and optionally a water soluble solvent, wherein the powder polymer and the inversion package are present at a weight ratio of powder polymer to inversion package of from 20:80 to 80:20. Such polymer compositions are described, for example, in U.S. Patent No.9,909,053, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. In some embodiments the water soluble solvent has an HLB value of greater than or equal to 8. The water soluble solvent comprises a non-ionic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, or a combination thereof. Further aspects of these polymer compositions are described below. Synthetic (Co)Polymers In some embodiments, the polymer composition includes one or more synthetic (co)polymers, such as one or more acrylamide containing (co)polymers. As used herein, the terms “polymer,” “polymers,” “polymeric,” and similar terms are used in their ordinary sense as understood by one skilled in the art, and thus may be used herein to refer to or Attorney Docket No.10604-029WO1 describe a large molecule (or group of such molecules) that contains recurring units. Polymers may be formed in various ways, including by polymerizing monomers and / or by chemically modifying one or more recurring units of a precursor polymer. A polymer may be a “homopolymer” comprising substantially identical recurring units formed by, e.g., polymerizing a particular monomer. A polymer may also be a “copolymer” comprising two or more different recurring units formed by, e.g., copolymerizing two or more different monomers, and / or by chemically modifying one or more recurring units of a precursor polymer. The term “terpolymer” may be used herein to refer to polymers containing three or more different recurring units. The term “polymer” as used herein is intended to include both the acid form of the polymer as well as its various salts. In some embodiments, the one or more synthetic (co)polymers can be a polymer useful for enhanced oil recovery applications. The term “enhanced oil recovery” or “EOR” (also known as tertiary oil recovery), refers to a process for hydrocarbon production in which an aqueous injection fluid comprising at least a water soluble polymer is injected into a hydrocarbon bearing formation. In some embodiments, the one or more synthetic (co)polymers comprise water- soluble synthetic (co)polymers. Examples of suitable synthetic (co)polymers include acrylic polymers, such as polyacrylic acids, polyacrylic acid esters, partly hydrolyzed acrylic esters, substituted polyacrylic acids such as polymethacrylic acid and polymethacrylic acid esters, polyacrylamides, partly hydrolyzed polyacrylamides, and polyacrylamide derivatives such as acrylamide tertiary butyl sulfonic acid (ATBS); copolymers of unsaturated carboxylic acids, such as acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, with olefins such as ethylene, propylene and butylene and their oxides; polymers of unsaturated dibasic acids and anhydrides such as maleic anhydride; vinyl polymers, such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), N-vinylpyrrolidone, and polystyrene sulfonate; and copolymers thereof, such as copolymers of these polymers with monomers such as ethylene, propylene, styrene, methylstyrene, and alkylene oxides. In some embodiments, the one or more synthetic (co)polymer can comprise polyacrylic acid (PAA), polyacrylamide (PAM), acrylamide tertiary butyl sulfonic acid (ATBS) (or AMPS, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid), N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), or a blend or copolymer of any of these polymers. Copolymers may be made of any combination above, for example, a combination of NVP and ATBS. In certain examples, the one or more synthetic (co)polymers can comprise acrylamide tertiary butyl sulfonic acid (ATBS) (or AMPS, 2- acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid) or a copolymer thereof. Attorney Docket No.10604-029WO1 In some embodiments, the one or more synthetic (co)polymers can comprise acrylamide (co)polymers. In some embodiments, the one or more acrylamide (co)polymers comprise water-soluble acrylamide (co)polymers. In various embodiments, the acrylamide (co)polymers comprise at least 30% by weight, or at least 50% by weight acrylamide units with respect to the total amount of all monomeric units in the (co)polymer. Optionally, the acrylamide-(co)polymers can comprise, besides acrylamide, at least one additional co-monomer. In example embodiments, the acrylamide-(co)polymer may comprise less than about 50%, or less than about 40%, or less than about 30%, or less than about 20% by weight of the at least one additional co-monomer. In some embodiments, the additional comonomer can be a water-soluble, ethylenically unsaturated, in particular monoethylenically unsaturated, comonomer. Suitable additional water-soluble comonomers include comonomers that are miscible with water in any ratio, but it is sufficient that the monomers dissolve sufficiently in an aqueous phase to copolymerize with acrylamide. In some cases, the solubility of such additional monomers in water at room temperature can be at least 50 g / L (e.g., at least 150 g / L, or at least 250 g / L). Other suitable water-soluble comonomers can comprise one or more hydrophilic groups. The hydrophilic groups can be, for example, functional groups that comprise one or more atoms selected from the group of O-, N-, S-, and P-atoms. Examples of such functional groups include carbonyl groups >C-O, ether groups -O-, in particular polyethylene oxide groups -(CH2-CH2-O-)n-, where n is preferably a number from 1 to 200, hydroxy groups -OH, ester groups -C(O)O-, primary, secondary or tertiary amino groups, ammonium groups, amide groups -C(O)-NH- or acid groups such as carboxyl groups - COOH, sulfonic acid groups -SO3H, phosphonic acid groups -PO3H2or phosphoric acid groups -OP(OH)3. Examples of monoethylenically unsaturated comonomers comprising acid groups include monomers comprising -COOH groups, such as acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid or fumaric acid, monomers comprising sulfonic acid groups, such as vinylsulfonic acid, allylsulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2- methylpropanesulfonic acid, 2-methacrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 2- acrylamidobutanesulfonic acid, 3-acrylamido-3-methylbutanesulfonic acid or 2-acrylamido- 2,4,4-trimethylpentanesulfonic acid, or monomers comprising phosphonic acid groups, such as vinylphosphonic acid, allylphosphonic acid, N-(meth)acrylamidoalkylphosphonic acids or (meth)acryloyloxyalkyl-phosphonic acids. Of course the monomers may be used as salts. Attorney Docket No.10604-029WO1 The -COOH groups in polyacrylamide-copolymers may not only be obtained by copolymerizing acrylic amide and monomers comprising -COOH groups but also by hydrolyzing derivatives of -COOH groups after polymerization. For example, the amide groups -CO-NH2of acrylamide may hydrolyze thus yielding -COOH groups. Also to be mentioned are derivatives of acrylamide thereof, such as, for example, N- methyl(meth)acrylamide, N,N'-dimethyl(meth)acrylamide, and N-methylolacrylamide, N- vinyl derivatives such as N-vinylformamide, N-vinylacetamide, N-vinylpyrrolidone or N- vinylcaprolactam, and vinyl esters, such as vinyl formate or vinyl acetate. N-vinyl derivatives can be hydrolyzed after polymerization to vinylamine units, vinyl esters to vinyl alcohol units. Other example comonomers include monomers comprising hydroxy and / or ether groups, such as, for example, hydroxyethyl(meth)acrylate, hydroxypropyl(meth)acrylate, allyl alcohol, hydroxyvinyl ethyl ether, hydroxyl vinyl propyl ether, hydroxyvinyl butyl ether or polyethyleneoxide(meth)acrylates. Other example comonomers are monomers having ammonium groups, i.e monomers having cationic groups. Examples comprise salts of 3-trimethylammonium propylacrylamides or 2-trimethylammonium ethyl(meth)acrylates, for example the corresponding chlorides, such as 3-trimethylammonium propylacrylamide chloride (DIMAPAQUAT) and 2-trimethylammonium ethyl methacrylate chloride (MADAME- QUAT). Other example monoethylenically unsaturated monomers include monomers which may cause hydrophobic association of the (co)polymers. Such monomers comprise besides the ethylenic group and a hydrophilic part also a hydrophobic part. Such monomers are disclosed for instance in WO 2012 / 069477, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Other example comonomers include N-alkyl acrylamides and N-alkyl quarternary acrylamides, where the alkyl group comprises, for example, a C2-C28 alkyl group. In certain embodiments, each of the one or more acrylamide-(co)polymers can optionally comprise crosslinking monomers, i.e. monomers comprising more than one polymerizable group. In certain embodiments, the one or more acrylamide-(co)polymers may optionally comprise crosslinking monomers in an amount of less than 0.5 %, or 0.1%, by weight, based on the amount of all monomers. In an embodiment, each of the one or more acrylamide-(co)polymers comprises at least one monoethylenically unsaturated comonomer comprising acid groups, for example Attorney Docket No.10604-029WO1 monomers which comprise at least one group selected from -COOH, -SO3H or -PO3H2. Examples of such monomers include but are not limited to acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, vinylsulfonic acid, allylsulfonic acid or 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, particularly preferably acrylic acid and / or 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid and most preferred acrylic acid or the salts thereof. The amount of such comonomers comprising acid groups can be from 0.1% to 70%, from 1% to 50%, or from 10% to 50% by weight based on the amount of all monomers. In an embodiment, each of the one or more acrylamide-(co)polymers comprise from 50 % to 90 % by weight of acrylamide units and from 10 % to 50 % by weight of acrylic acid units and / or their respective salts, based on the total weight of all the monomers making up the copolymer. In an embodiment, each of the one or more acrylamide- (co)polymers comprise from 60 % to 80 % by weight of acrylamide units and from 20 % to 40 % by weight of acrylic acid units, based on the total weight of all the monomers making up the copolymer. In some embodiments, the one or more synthetic (co)polymers (e.g., the one or more acrylamide (co)polymers) are in the form of particles, which are dispersed in the emulsion or LP. In some embodiments, the particles of the one or more synthetic (co)polymers can have an average particle size of from 0.4 μm to 5 μm, or from 0.5 μm to 2 μm. Average particle size refers to the d50value of the particle size distribution (number average) as measured by laser diffraction analysis. In some embodiments, the one or more synthetic (co)polymers (e.g., the one or more acrylamide (co)polymers) can have a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of from 5,000,000 g / mol to 30,000,000 g / mol; from 10,000,000 g / mol to 25,000,000 g / mol; or from 15,000,000 g / mol to 25,000,000 g / mol. In some embodiments, the LP composition can comprise one or more synthetic (co)polymers (e.g., one or more acrylamide (co)polymers) and an inversion package comprising a compound described herein dispersed in one or more hydrophobic liquids. In these embodiments, the LP composition can comprise at least 39% polymer by weight (e.g., at least 40% by weight, at least 45% by weight, at least 50% by weight, at least 55% by weight, at least 60% by weight, at least 65% by weight, at least 70% by weight, or at least 75% by weight), based on the total amount of all components of the composition. In some embodiments, the LP composition can comprise 80% by weight or less polymer (e.g., 75% by weight or less, 70% by weight or less, 65% by weight or less, 60% by weight or less, Attorney Docket No.10604-029WO1 55% by weight or less, 50% by weight or less, 45% by weight or less, or 40% by weight or less), based on the total amount of all components of the composition. The LP composition can comprise an amount of polymer ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above. For example, in some embodiments, the LP composition can comprise from 39% to 80% by weight polymer (e.g., from 39% to 60% by weight, from 39% to 50% by weight, from 40% to 60% by weight, or from 45% to 55% by weight), based on the total weight of the composition (before dilution). In some embodiments, the LP composition can comprise one or more synthetic (co)polymers (e.g., one or more acrylamide (co)polymers) and an inversion package comprising a compound described herein emulsified in one or more hydrophobic liquids. In these embodiments, the LP composition can comprise at least 10% polymer by weight (e.g., at least 15% by weight, at least 20% by weight, at least 25% by weight, or at least 30% by weight), based on the total amount of all components of the composition. In some embodiments, the LP composition can comprise less than 38% by weight polymer (e.g., less than 35% by weight, less than 30% by weight, less than 25% by weight, less than 20% by weight, or less than 15% by weight), based on the total amount of all components of the composition. The LP composition can comprise an amount of polymer ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above. For example, in some embodiments, the LP composition can comprise from 10% to 38% by weight polymer (e.g., from 10% to 35% by weight polymer, from 15% to 30% by weight polymer, from 15% to 35% by weight polymer, from 15% to 38% by weight polymer, from 20% to 30% by weight polymer, from 20% to 35% by weight polymer, or from 20% to 38% by weight polymer), based on the total weight of the composition (before dilution). Additional Surfactants Emulsifying Surfactants In some embodiments, the LP composition can include one or more emulsifying surfactants. In some embodiments, the one or more emulsifying surfactants are surfactants capable of stabilizing water-in-oil-emulsions. Emulsifying surfactants, among other things, in the emulsion, lower the interfacial tension between the water and the water-immiscible liquid so as to facilitate the formation of a water-in-oil polymer emulsion. It is known in the art to describe the capability of surfactants to stabilize water-in-oil-emulsions or oil-in-water emulsions by using the so called “HLB-value” (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance). The HLB- Attorney Docket No.10604-029WO1 value usually is a number from 0 to 20. In surfactants having a low HLB-value the lipophilic parts of the molecule predominate and consequently they are usually good water- in-oil emulsifiers. In surfactants having a high HLB-value the hydrophilic parts of the molecule predominate and consequently they are usually good oil-in-water emulsifiers. In some embodiments, the one or more emulsifying surfactants are surfactants having an HLB- value of from 2 to 10, or a mixture of surfactant having an HLB-value of from 2 to 10. Examples of suitable emulsifying surfactants include, but are not limited to, sorbitan esters, in particular sorbitan monoesters with C12-C18-groups such as sorbitan monolaurate (HLB approx.8.5), sorbitan monopalmitate (HLB approx.7.5), sorbitan monostearate (HLB approx.4.5), sorbitan monooleate (HLB approx.4); sorbitan esters with more than one ester group such as sorbitan tristearate (HLB approx.2), sorbitan trioleate (HLB approx.2); ethoxylated fatty alcohols with 1 to 4 ethyleneoxy groups, e.g. polyoxyethylene (4) dodecylether ether (HLB value approx.9), polyoxyethylene (2) hexadecyl ether (HLB value approx.5), and polyoxyethylene (2) oleyl ether (HLB value approx.4). Exemplary emulsifying surfactants include, but are not limited to, emulsifiers having HLB values of from 2 to 10 (e.g., less than 7). Suitable such emulsifiers include the sorbitan esters, phthalic esters, fatty acid glycerides, glycerine esters, as well as the ethoxylated versions of the above and any other well known relatively low HLB emulsifier. Examples of such compounds include sorbitan monooleate, the reaction product of oleic acid with isopropanolamide, hexadecyl sodium phthalate, decyl sodium phthalate, sorbitan stearate, ricinoleic acid, hydrogenated ricinoleic acid, glyceride monoester of lauric acid, glyceride monoester of stearic acid, glycerol diester of oleic acid, glycerol triester of 12- hydroxystearic acid, glycerol triester of ricinoleic acid, and the ethoxylated versions thereof containing 1 to 10 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of the basic emulsifier. Thus, any emulsifier can be utilized which will permit the formation of the initial emulsion and stabilize the emulsion during the polymerization reaction. Examples of emulsifying surfactants also include modified polyester surfactants, anhydride substituted ethylene copolymers, N,N-dialkanol substituted fatty amides, and tallow amine ethoxylates. In an embodiment, the inverse emulsion or LP composition comprises from 0% to 5% by weight (e.g., from 0.05% to 5%, from 0.1% to 5%, or from 0.5% to 3% by weight) of the one or more emulsifying surfactants, based on the total weight of the composition. These emulsifying surfactants can be used alone or in mixtures. In some embodiments, the inverse emulsion or LP composition can comprise less than 5% by weight (e.g., less than Attorney Docket No.10604-029WO1 4% by weight, or less than 3% by weight) of the one or more emulsifying surfactants, based on the total weight of the composition. Inverting Surfactants In some embodiments, the LP composition optionally can include one or more inverting surfactants. In some embodiments, the one or more emulsifying surfactants are surfactants which can be used to accelerate the formation of an inverted composition (e.g., an inverted (co)polymer solution) after mixing the inverse emulsion or LP composition with an aqueous fluid. Suitable inverting surfactants are known in the art, and include, for example, nonionic surfactants comprising a hydrocarbon group and a polyalkylenoxy group of sufficient hydrophilic nature. In some cases, nonionic surfactants defined by the general formula R1—O—(CH(R2)—CH2—O)nH (I) can be used, wherein R1is a C8-C22- hydrocarbon group, such as an aliphatic C10-C18-hydrocarbon group, n is a number of ≧4, preferably ≧6, and R2is H, methyl or ethyl, with the proviso that at least 50% of the groups R2are H. Examples of such surfactants include polyethoxylates based on C10-C18-alcohols such as C12 / 14-, C14 / 18- or C16 / 18-fatty alcohols, C13- or C13 / 15-oxoalcohols. The HLB-value can be adjusted by selecting the number of ethoxy groups. Specific examples include tridecylalcohol ethoxylates comprising from 4 to 14 ethylenoxy groups (e.g., tridecyalcohol-8 EO (HLB-value approx.13-14)) or C12 / 14 fatty alcohol ethoxylates (e.g., C12 / 14·8 EO (HLB-value approx.13)). Examples of emulsifying surfactants also include modified polyester surfactants, anhydride substituted ethylene copolymers, N,N-dialkanol substituted fatty amides, and tallow amine ethoxylates. Other suitable inverting surfactants include anionic surfactants, such as, for example, surfactants comprising phosphate or phosphonic acid groups. In some embodiments, the one or more inverting surfactants can comprise polyoxyethylene sorbitol tetraoleate, C12-14branched ethoxylated alcohol, polyethylene glycol monoleate. In certain embodiments, the one or more inverting surfactants can comprise from 1 to 20 mole % polyoxyethylene sorbitol tetraoleate, from 60 to 80 mole % C12-14 branched ethoxylated alcohol and about 15 to about 25 mole % polyethylene glycol monoleate. In some embodiments, the amount of the one or more inverting surfactants in the inverse emulsion or LP composition is from 1% to 10% (e.g., from 1% to 5%) by weight. based on the total amount of all components of the inverse emulsion or LP composition. Attorney Docket No.10604-029WO1 In certain embodiments, the one or more inverting surfactants can be added to the inverse emulsion or LP composition directly after preparation of the composition comprising the one or more acrylamide (co)polymers dispersed in one or more hydrophobic liquids, and optionally the one or more emulsifying surfactants (i.e., the inverse emulsion or liquid dispersion polymer composition which is transported from the location of manufacture to the location of use already comprises the one or more inverting surfactants). In another embodiment the one or more inverting surfactants may be added to the inverse emulsion or LP composition at the location of use (e.g., at an off-shore production site). Hydrophobic Liquid In some embodiments, the LP composition can include one or more hydrophobic liquids. In some cases, the one or more hydrophobic liquids can be organic hydrophobic liquids. In some embodiments, the one or more hydrophobic liquids each have a boiling point at least 100°C (e.g., at least 135°C, or at least 180°C). If the organic liquid has a boiling range, the term “boiling point” refers to the lower limit of the boiling range. In some embodiments, the one or more hydrophobic liquids can be aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, or mixtures thereof. Examples of hydrophobic liquids include but are not limited to water-immiscible solvents, such as paraffin hydrocarbons, naphthene hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, olefins, oils, stabilizing surfactants, and mixtures thereof. The paraffin hydrocarbons can be saturated, linear, or branched paraffin hydrocarbons. Examples of suitable aromatic hydrocarbons include, but are not limited to, toluene and xylene. In certain embodiments, the hydrophobic liquid can comprise an oil, for example, a vegetable oil, such as soybean oil, rapeseed oil, canola oil, or a combination thereof, and any other oil produced from the seed of any of several varieties of the rape plant. In some embodiments, the amount of the one or more hydrophobic liquids in the inverse emulsion or LP composition is from 20% to 60%, from 25% to 54%, or from 35% to 54% by weight, based on the total amount of all components of the LP composition. Other Components Optional further components can be added to the polymer compositions described herein. Examples of such components comprise radical scavengers, oxygen scavengers, chelating agents, biocides, stabilizers, or sacrificial agents. Process Stabilizing Agents In some embodiments, the polymer composition can optionally include one or more process stabilizing agents. The process stabilizing agents aim at stabilizing the dispersion Attorney Docket No.10604-029WO1 of the particles of polyacrylamide-(co)polymers in the organic, hydrophobic phase and optionally also at stabilizing the droplets of the aqueous monomer phase in the organic hydrophobic liquid before and in course of the polymerization or processing of the LP composition. The term "stabilizing" means in the usual manner that the agents prevent the dispersion from aggregation and flocculation. The process stabilizing agents can be any stabilizing agents, including surfactants, which aim at such stabilization. In certain embodiments, the process stabilizing agents can be oligomeric or polymeric surfactants. Due to the fact that oligomeric and polymeric surfactants can have many anchor groups they absorb very strongly on the surface of the particles and furthermore oligomers / polymers are capable of forming a dense steric barrier on the surface of the particles which prevents aggregation. The number average molecular weight Mn of such oligomeric or polymeric surfactants may for example range from 500 to 60,000 g / mol (e.g., from 500 to 10,000 g / mol, or from 1 ,000 to 5,000 g / mol). Suitable oligomeric and / or polymeric surfactants for stabilizing polymer dispersions are known to the skilled artisan. Examples of such stabilizing polymers comprise amphiphilic block copolymers, comprising hydrophilic and hydrophobic blocks, amphiphilic copolymers comprising hydrophobic and hydrophilic monomers and amphiphilic comb polymers comprising a hydrophobic main chain and hydrophilic side chains or alternatively a hydrophilic main chain and hydrophobic side chains. Examples of amphiphilic block copolymers comprise block copolymers comprising a hydrophobic block comprising alkylacrylates having longer alkyl chains, e.g., C6 to C22- alkyl chains, such as for instance hexyl(meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl(meth)acrylate, octyl(meth)acrylate, do- decyl(meth)acrylate, hexadecyl(meth)acrylate or octadecyl(meth)acrylate. The hydrophilic block may comprise hydrophilic monomers such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid or vinyl pyrrolidone. Inverted Polymer Solutions Also provided herein are inverted polymer solutions, as well as methods of preparing the inverted polymer solutions from the polymer compositions described herein and methods for using the inverted polymer solutions in oil and gas operations. Methods for preparing inverted polymer solutions from the polymer compositions described herein can comprise inverting the polymer composition in an aqueous fluid to provide an inverted polymer solution having a concentration of one or more synthetic (co)polymers (e.g., one or more acrylamide (co)polymers)of from 50 to 50,000 ppm (e.g., 50 to 15,000 ppm). Attorney Docket No.10604-029WO1 In some embodiments, the inverted polymer solution can have a concentration of one or more synthetic (co)polymers (e.g., one or more acrylamide (co)polymers)of at least 50 ppm (e.g., at least 100 ppm, at least 250 ppm, at least 500 ppm, at least 750 ppm, at least 1000 ppm, at least 1500 ppm, at least 2000 ppm, at least 2500 ppm, at least 3000 ppm, at least 3500 ppm, at least 4000 ppm, at least 4500 ppm, at least 5000 ppm, at least 5500 ppm, at least 6000 ppm, at least 6500 ppm, at least 7000 ppm, at least 7500 ppm, at least 8000 ppm, at least 8500 ppm, at least 9000 ppm, at least 9500 ppm, at least 10,000 ppm, at least 10,500 ppm, at least 11,000 ppm, at least 11,500 ppm, at least 12,000 ppm, at least 12,500 ppm, at least 13,000 ppm, at least 13,500 ppm, at least 14,000 ppm, at least 14,500 ppm, at least 15,000 ppm, at least 20,000 ppm, at least 25,000 ppm, at least 30,000 ppm, at least 35,000 ppm, at least 40,000 ppm, or at least 45,000 ppm). In some embodiments, the inverted polymer solution can have a concentration of one or more synthetic (co)polymers (e.g., one or more acrylamide (co)polymers)of 50,000 ppm or less (e.g., 45,000 ppm or less, 40,000 ppm or less, 35,000 ppm or less, 30,000 ppm or less, 25,000 ppm or less, 20,000 ppm or less, 15,000 ppm or less, 14,500 ppm or less, 14,000 ppm or less, 13,500 ppm or less, 13,000 ppm or less, 12,500 ppm or less, 12,000 ppm or less, 11,500 ppm or less, 11,000 ppm or less, 10,500 ppm or less, 10,000 ppm or less, 9,500 ppm or less, 9,000 ppm or less, 8,500 ppm or less, 8,000 ppm or less, 7,500 ppm or less, 7,000 ppm or less, 6,500 ppm or less, 6,000 ppm or less, 5,500 ppm or less, 5,000 ppm or less, 4500 ppm or less, 4000 ppm or less, 3500 ppm or less, 3000 ppm or less, 2500 ppm or less, 2000 ppm or less, 1500 ppm or less, 1000 ppm or less, 750 ppm or less, 500 ppm or less, 250 ppm or less, or 100 ppm or less). The inverted polymer solution can have a concentration of one or more synthetic (co)polymers (e.g., one or more acrylamide (co)polymers)ranging from any of the minimum values described above to any of the maximum values described above. For example, in some embodiments, the inverted polymer solution can have a concentration of one or more synthetic (co)polymers (e.g., one or more acrylamide (co)polymers)of from 500 to 15,000 ppm (e.g., from 500 to 5000 ppm, from 500 to 3000 ppm, or from 500 to 1500 ppm). In some embodiments, the inverted polymer solution can be an aqueous unstable colloidal suspension. In other embodiments, the inverted polymer solution can be an aqueous stable solution. In some embodiments, when the LP composition is inverted in an aqueous fluid, providing an inverted polymer solution having from 50 to 15,000 ppm, from 500 to 5,000 ppm, or from 500 to 3000 ppm, active polymer, the inverted polymer solution has a Attorney Docket No.10604-029WO1 viscosity of at least 20 cP at 40°C, and a filter ratio (FR) (1.2 micron filter) of 1.5 or less. In certain embodiments, when the LP composition is inverted in an aqueous fluid, providing an inverted polymer solution having from 50 to 15,000 ppm, from 500 to 5000 ppm, or from 500 to 3000 ppm, active polymer, the inverted polymer solution has a viscosity of at least 20 cP at 30°C, and a filter ratio (FR) (1.2 micron filter) of 1.5 or less. As used herein, “inverted” refers to the point at which the viscosity of the inverted polymer solution has substantially reached a consistent viscosity. In practice, this may be determined for example by measuring viscosity of the inverted polymer solution periodically over time and when three consecutive measurements are within the standard of error for the measurement, then the composition is considered inverted. In some embodiments, inversion of the LP forms the inverted polymer solution in 30 minutes or less (e.g., 15 minutes or less, 10 minutes or less, 5 minutes or less, or less). Methods In another aspect, a method of displacing a hydrocarbon material in contact with a solid material is provided. The method includes contacting a hydrocarbon material with a compound as described herein, wherein the hydrocarbon material is in contact with a solid material. The hydrocarbon material is allowed to separate from the solid material thereby displacing the hydrocarbon material in contact with the solid material. In other embodiments, the hydrocarbon material is unrefined petroleum (e.g., in a petroleum reservoir). In some further embodiments, the unrefined petroleum is an unrefined petroleum with an API gravity greater than 30. In some embodiments, the API gravity of the unrefined petroleum is greater than 30. In other embodiments, the API gravity of the unrefined petroleum is greater than 40. In some embodiments, the API gravity of the unrefined petroleum is greater than 50. In other embodiments, the API gravity of the unrefined petroleum is greater than 60. In some embodiments, the API gravity of the unrefined petroleum is greater than 70. In other embodiments, the API gravity of the unrefined petroleum is greater than 80. In some embodiments, the API gravity of the unrefined petroleum is greater than 90. In other embodiments, the API gravity of the unrefined petroleum is greater than 100. In some other embodiments, the API gravity of the unrefined petroleum is between 30 and 100. The solid material may be a natural solid material (i.e., a solid found in nature such as rock). The natural solid material may be found in a petroleum reservoir. In some embodiments, the method is an enhanced oil recovery method. Enhanced oil recovery Attorney Docket No.10604-029WO1 methods are well known in the art. A general treatise on enhanced oil recovery methods is Basic Concepts in Enhanced Oil Recovery Processes edited by M. Baviere (published for SCI by Elsevier Applied Science, London and New York, 1991). For example, in an enhanced oil recovery method, the displacing of the unrefined petroleum in contact with the solid material is accomplished by contacting the unrefined with a compound provided herein, wherein the unrefined petroleum is in contact with the solid material. The unrefined petroleum may be in an oil reservoir. The compound or composition provided herein can be pumped into the reservoir in accordance with known enhanced oil recovery parameters. The compound can be pumped into the reservoir as part of the aqueous compositions provided herein and, upon contacting the unrefined petroleum, form an emulsion composition provided herein. In some embodiments, the natural solid material can be rock or regolith. The natural solid material can be a geological formation such as clastics or carbonates. The natural solid material can be either consolidated or unconsolidated material or mixtures thereof. The hydrocarbon material may be trapped or confined by "bedrock" above or below the natural solid material. The hydrocarbon material may be found in fractured bedrock or porous natural solid material. In other embodiments, the regolith is soil. In some embodiments, an emulsion forms after the contacting step. The emulsion thus formed can be the emulsion described above. In some embodiments, the emulsion thus formed can be a microemulsion. In some embodiments, the method includes allowing an unrefined petroleum acid within the unrefined petroleum material to enter into the emulsion, thereby converting the unrefined petroleum acid into a surfactant. In other words, where the unrefined petroleum acid converts into a surfactant it is mobilized and therefore separates from the solid material. In another aspect, a method of converting (e.g., mobilizing) an unrefined petroleum acid into a surfactant is provided. The method includes contacting a petroleum material with an aqueous composition thereby forming an emulsion in contact with the petroleum material, wherein the aqueous composition includes the compound described herein. Thus, in some embodiments, the aqueous composition is the aqueous composition described above. An unrefined petroleum acid within the unrefined petroleum material is allowed to enter into the emulsion, thereby converting the unrefined petroleum acid into a surfactant. In some embodiments, the reactive petroleum material is in a petroleum reservoir. In some embodiments, as described above and as is generally known in the art, the unrefined petroleum acid is a naphthenic acid. In some embodiments, as described above and as is Attorney Docket No.10604-029WO1 generally known in the art, the unrefined petroleum acid is a mixture of naphthenic acid. In some embodiments, the aqueous composition further includes an alkali agent. In these embodiments, the composition can comprise a compound described herein, an alkali agent, an additional surfactant, a co-solvent, and a polymer. Methods can comprise injecting a composition of this type into a hydrocarbon reservoir comprising unrefined petroleum material in contact with the solid material. In certain embodiments, the unrefined petroleum material can comprise an active oil. In these embodiments, the composition can have a pH effective to convert unrefined petroleum acid present in the unrefined petroleum material into a surfactant. In these embodiments, the composition can comprise a compound described herein, an alkali agent, co-solvent, and a polymer. Methods can comprise injecting a composition of this type into a hydrocarbon reservoir comprising unrefined petroleum material in contact with the solid material. In certain embodiments, the unrefined petroleum material can comprise an active oil. In these embodiments, the composition can have a pH effective to convert unrefined petroleum acid present in the unrefined petroleum material into a surfactant. In these embodiments, the composition can comprise a compound described herein, a co-solvent, and a polymer. Methods can comprise injecting a composition of this type into a hydrocarbon reservoir comprising unrefined petroleum material in contact with the solid material. In these embodiments, the composition can comprise a compound described herein. Methods can comprise injecting a composition of this type into a hydrocarbon reservoir comprising unrefined petroleum material in contact with the solid material. In certain embodiments, the unrefined petroleum material can comprise an active oil. In these embodiments, the composition can have a pH effective to convert unrefined petroleum acid present in the unrefined petroleum material into a surfactant. In another aspect, a method of making a compound as described herein is provided. The methods can include contacting a suitable alcohol precursor for the surfactant (e.g., a polyol) with a propylene oxide thereby forming a polyol alkoxylate hydrophobe. In some aspect, described herein are also methods for preparing an inverted polymer solution comprising providing a liquid polymer (LP) composition comprising: one or more hydrophobic liquids, one or more synthetic (co)polymers, an inversion package comprising a compound described herein, and optionally one or more surfactants. Attorney Docket No.10604-029WO1 As described above, methods for preparing an inverted polymer solution from the LP composition described herein can comprise inverting the LP composition in an aqueous fluid to provide an inverted polymer solution having a concentration of acrylamide (co)polymer of from 50 to 15,000 ppm. The LP compositions described herein can be inverted using inversion methods and systems known in the art, such as those described in U.S. Patent No.8,383,560, and U.S. Patent No.10,626,320 which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. For example, inversion of the LP composition can be performed as a batch process or a continuous process. In certain embodiments, inversion of the LP composition can be performed as a continuous process. For example, inversion of the LP composition can be performed as a continuous process to produce a fluid stream for injection into a hydrocarbon-bearing formation. A continuous process is a process that can be effected without the need to be intermittently stopped or slowed. For example, continuous processes can meet one or more of the following criteria: (a) materials for forming the inverted polymer solution (e.g., the LP composition and the aqueous fluid) are fed into the system in which the inverted polymer solution is produced at the same rate as the inverted polymer solution is removed from the system; (b) the nature of the composition(s) introduced to the system in which the inverted polymer solution is produced is a function of the composition(s) position with the process as it flows from the point at which the composition(s) are introduced to the system to the point at which the inverted polymer solution is removed from the system; and / or (c) the quantity of inverted polymer solution produced is a function of (i) the duration for which the process is operated and (ii) the throughput rate of the process. Inversion of the LP composition can comprise a single step, or a plurality of steps (i.e., two or more steps). In some embodiments, inversion of the LP composition can be performed in a single step. In these embodiments, the LP composition (e.g., a composition having at least 39% (e.g., 39% or more) by weight of one or more synthetic (co)polymers (e.g., one or more acrylamide (co)polymers) dispersed in a hydrophobic liquid, or a composition having up to 35% (e.g., less than 35%) by weight of one or more synthetic (co)polymers (e.g., one or more acrylamide (co)polymers) emulsified in a hydrophobic liquid) can be inverted in an aqueous fluid to provide an inverted polymer solution having a concentration of one or more synthetic (co)polymers (e.g., one or more acrylamide (co)polymers)of from 50 to 15,000 ppm. Attorney Docket No.10604-029WO1 By way of non-limiting illustration, examples of certain embodiments of the present disclosure are given below. EXAMPLES The examples are set forth below to illustrate the methods and results according to the disclosed subject matter. These examples are not intended to be inclusive of all aspects of the subject matter disclosed herein, but rather to illustrate representative methods and results. These examples are not intended to exclude equivalents and variations of the present invention which are apparent to one skilled in the art. Example 1: Ultra-short hydrophobe Formulations described herein were tested for several ASP and SP formulations with crude oils at different conditions.2-ethylhexy (2EH) and methyl (CH3) hydrophobes are primary surfactants and IOS or ABS as cosurfactants. Formulation 1: Inactive oil Alkali Surfactant Polymers (ASP) formulation Formulation: 0.5% 2EH-13PO-SO4, 0.5% C20-24IOS, 0.25% IBA-1PO-2EO at 80°C (Oil#1). Phase behavior shows ultra-low IFT starting from approximately 21,000 to 27,000 ppm TDS. The formulation satisfies the aqueous stability requirement. Results are shown in Figure 1. Formulation 2: Active oils with ASP formulation Formulation: 2EH-20PO-SO4 + C11ABS at 24°C (oil #2). Phase behavior: 10% oil shows ultra-low IFT at 17kppm TDS to 27kppm TDS 30% oil shows ultra-low IFT at 17k ppm TDS to 22k ppm TDS 50% shows ultra-low IFT at 12k ppm TDS to 15k ppm TDS The activity map shows a negative slope. Results are shown in Figure 2. Formulation 3: Moderately active oils with ASP formulation Formulation: 0.6% CH3-21PO-SO4 + 0.4% C10-17 ABS (e.g., C11) at 55°C (oil #3). Phase behavior shows ultra-low IFT starting from ~32,000 to 37,000 ppm TDS. Results are shown in Figure 3. Formulation 4: Surfactant / polymer(SP) formulationFormulation: 2EH-20PO-SO4 at 40°C (oil #4). Phase behavior shows ultra-low IFT starting from approximately 32,000 to 37000 ppm TDS. Results are shown in Figure 4.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A compound defined by Formula IR1— O- (BO)X- (PO)y-QFormula I whereinBO represents -CH2-CH(ethyl)-O- or -CH3CH(O-)CH3;PO represents -CH2-CH(methyl)-O-;R1represents a Ci-Cs alkyl group (e.g., a Ci-Ce alkyl group), a C3-Ce cycloalkyl group, C4-C3alkylcycloalkyl group, a phenyl group, or a Cs-Cs alkylaryl group;Q is hydrogen, -SO3M+, -SO3H, CH2CH(OH)CH2-SO3M+, CH2CH(OH)CH2-SO3H, -CH2C(O)O M+, or -CH2C(O)OH;M+, when present, is a cation; x is an integer from 0 to 15; and y is an integer from 11 to 60.

2. The compound of claim 1, wherein y is an integer from 11 to 40, such as from 11 to 30 or from 11 to 25.

3. The compound of any one of claims 1-2, wherein y is an integer from 11 to 20.

4. The compound of any one of claims 1-3, wherein R1is a Ci-Ce alkyl group, such as a C1-C4 alkyl group.

5. The compound of any one of claims 1-4, wherein R1is a methyl group.

6. The compound of any one of claims 1-3, wherein R1is a Ce-Cs alkyl group, such as a branched G>-Cx alkyl group.

7. The compound of claim 6, wherein R1is a 2-ethylhexyl group.

8. The compound of any one of claims 1 -7, wherein Q is hydrogen.

9. The compound of any one of claims 1-7, wherein Q is -SO3M+, -SO3H, CH2CH(OH)CH2-SO3M+, CH2CH(OH)CH2-SO3H, -CH2C(O)O M+, or -CH2C(O)OH.

10. The compound of any one of claims 1-9, wherein x is 0.

11. A composition comprising a compound of any one of claims 1-10 and water.

12. The composition of claim 11 , wherein the compound is present in the composition in an amount of from 0.05% to 2% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

13. The composition of any one of claims 11-12, wherein the composition further comprises an additional surfactant.

14. The composition of claim 13, wherein the additional surfactant comprises an anionic surfactant, a non-ionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, a zwitteronic surfactant, or any combination thereof.

15. The composition of any one of claims 13-14, wherein the additional surfactant is present in the composition in an amount of from 0.05% to 2% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition.

16. The composition of any one of claims 11-15, wherein the composition further comprises a viscosity-enhancing water-soluble polymer.

17. The composition of any one of claims 11-16, wherein the composition further comprises an alkali agent.

18. The composition of claim 17, wherein the composition has a pH of from 10 to 14, such as from 10 to 12.

19. The composition of any one of claims 11-18, wherein the composition further comprises a co-solvent.

20. The composition of any one of claims 11-19, wherein the composition has a salinity of at least 5,000 ppm.

21. An emulsion comprising the composition of any one of claims 11-20 and unrefined petroleum.

22. A method of displacing an unrefined petroleum material in contact with a solid material, said method comprising: contacting the unrefined petroleum material with the compound of any one of claims 1-10 or the composition of any one of claims 11-20, wherein the unrefined petroleum material is in contact with the solid material; and allowing the unrefined petroleum material to separate from the solid material, thereby displacing the unrefined petroleum material in contact with the solid material.

23. A polymer composition comprising:(1) a liquid polymer (LP) composition comprising: one or more synthetic (co)polymers, an inversion package comprising a compound of any one of claims 1-10, optionally one or more hydrophobic liquids, and optionally one or more surfactants; or(2) a powder polymer suspended in an inversion package comprising a compound of any one of claims 1-10 and optionally a water soluble solvent, wherein the powder polymer and the inversion package are present at a weight ratio of powder polymer to inversion package of from 20:80 to 80:20.

24. The polymer composition of claim 23, wherein the polymer composition comprises less than 10% by weight water, such as less than 5% by weight water, less than 3% by weight, less than 2.5% by weight, less than 2% by weight, less than 1.5% by weight, less than 1% by weight, or less than 0.5% by weight.

25. The polymer composition of any of claims 23-24, wherein the one or more synthetic (co)polymers comprise one or more acrylamide (co)polymers.

26. The polymer composition of any claims 23-25, wherein the one or more synthetic (co)polymers to the inversion package are present in the composition in a ratio of from 1 : 1 to 6: 1 (e.g., from 1:1 to 2:1, from 1 : 1 to 3:1 , from 1 :1 to 4:1, or from 1 :1 to 5:1).

27. The polymer composition of any of claims 23-26, wherein the water soluble solvent has an HLB value of greater than or equal to 8.

28. The polymer composition of any of claims 23-27, wherein the water soluble solvent comprises a non-ionic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, or a combination thereof.

29. A method of preparing an inverted polymer solution comprising providing a liquid polymer composition of any one of claims 23-28; inverting the polymer composition in an aqueous fluid to provide an inverted polymer solution having a concentration of synthetic (co)polymer of from 50 to 50,000 ppm, such as from 50 to 15,000 ppm; wherein the inverted polymer solution is used in an enhanced oil recovery (EOR) operation.

30. The method of claim 29, wherein the aqueous fluid comprises soft brine or hard brine,31. The method of any one of claims 29-30, wherein the aqueous fluid comprises produced reservoir brine, reservoir brine, sea water, fresh water, produced water, water, saltwater, brine, synthetic brine, synthetic seawater brine, or any combination thereof.

32. The method of any one of claims 29-31, wherein the aqueous fluid further comprises a surfactant, an alkalinity agent, a co-solvent, a chelating agent, or any combination thereof.

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