Aqueous dispersion of a high-density polyethylene and a poly (ethylene- (METH) acrylic acid) dispersant
The aqueous dispersion composition of high-density polyethylene and poly(ethylene-(meth)acrylic acid) dispersant addresses the challenge of achieving low MVTR and coat weight in waterborne coatings for paper packaging, ensuring food protection and recyclability.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2023/136055
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-12-04
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-12
AI Technical Summary
Existing waterborne coatings for paper packaging struggle to achieve low moisture vapor transmission rates (MVTR) while maintaining low coat weights, which is essential for protecting food from spoilage and ensuring recyclability.
An aqueous dispersion composition comprising 45-75 weight percent high-density polyethylene and 25-55 weight percent of a poly(ethylene-(meth)acrylic acid) dispersant, with a specific mole-to-mole ratio and degree of neutralization, is used to form a coating with low MVTR and coat weight.
The composition achieves a cured coating with a coat weight of less than 12 g/m² and a moisture vapor transmission rate of less than 40 g/m²/day, effectively protecting food while allowing for recyclability.
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Abstract
Description
Aqueous Dispersion of a High-Density Polyethylene and a Poly (ethylene- (meth) acrylic acid) DispersantBackground of the Invention
[0001] The present invention relates to a composition comprising an aqueous dispersion of a high-density polyethylene and a poly (ethylene- (meth) acrylic acid) dispersant.
[0002] Paper products used in the packaging industry require a low coat weight superposing film that exhibits low moisture vapor transmission rate (MVTR) properties. This combination of low coat weight with concomitant low MVTR is essential for attaining the dual goals of protecting food from spoilage and recycling the coated paper.
[0003] The art discloses delivering low MVTR for paper package using extruded films of polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) or high-density polyolefin (HDPE) . PVDC provides excellent MVTR as compared with HDPE, but environmental concerns regarding chlorinated hydrocarbons renders this approach commercially unacceptable. Moreover, in each instance, acceptable MVTRs are achievable using film areal densities (coat weights) that are prohibitively high (> 15 g / m2) for recyclability.
[0004] Waterborne dispersions have been used to deliver acceptable coat weight of < 10 g / m2, yet low MVTRs remain a challenge. While different approaches such as adding wax have been reported, (WO 2022 / 243445 A1) the demonstrated MVTR is too high (60 g / m2 / day even under nontropical conditions of 23 ℃ and 50%relative humidity) at a coat weight of 10 g / m2. Moreover, the presence of wax in coatings can render the fibers unsuitable for reuse. In the absence of wax, many waterborne coatings demonstrate subpar MVTR performance compared with the extruded polyolefin / PVDC films, which is the bottleneck for further adoption for real packages. Consequently, alternative solutions based on waterborne coating are needed to deliver MVTR of ≤ 40 g / m2 / day at coat weights < 15 g / m2.Summary of the Invention
[0005] The present invention addresses a need in the art by providing a composition comprising, based on the weight of composition solids, an aqueous dispersion of a) from 45 to 75 weight percent of high-density polyethylene having a density in the range of from 0.93 g / cm3 to 0.97 g / cm3; and b) from 25 to 55 weight percent of a dispersant having a degree of neutralization, wherein the dispersant is a copolymer containing ethylene units, (meth) acrylic acid units, and units of a (meth) acrylic acid salt; wherein the mole-to-mole ratio of units of ethylene to units of (meth) acrylic acid and the (meth) acrylic acid salt is in the range of from 95: 5 to 90: 10, and wherein from 5 to 60 percent the degree of neutralization of the dispersant is attributable to a hard base. The composition of the present invention addresses a need in the art by providing a coating for a substrate, especially a paper substrate, with a low MVTR and low coat weights.Detailed Description of the Invention
[0006] The present invention is a composition comprising, based on the weight of composition solids, an aqueous dispersion of a) from 45 to 75 weight percent of high-density polyethylene having a density in the range of from 0.93 g / cm3 to 0.97 g / cm3; and b) from 25 to 55 weight percent of a dispersant having a degree of neutralization, wherein the dispersant is a copolymer containing ethylene units, (meth) acrylic acid units, and units of a (meth) acrylic acid salt; wherein the mole-to-mole ratio of units of ethylene to units of (meth) acrylic acid and the (meth) acrylic acid salt is in the range of from 95: 5 to 90: 10, and wherein from 5 to 60 percent the degree of neutralization of the dispersant is attributable to a hard base.
[0007] The term “composition solids” refers to the sum of the high-density polyethylene particles, the dispersant, and optionally ancillary solids. Ancillary solids include extenders, waxes, and compatibilizers. The composition solids content is typically in the range of from 30 or from 40 or from 45 weight percent, to 60 or to 55 or to 50 weight percent, based on the weight of water and the composition solids. In one aspect, the high-density polyethylene and the dispersant comprise more than 90 or at least 92 or at least 95 or at least 97 weight percent of the composition solids.
[0008] The term “ (meth) acrylic acid” refers to acrylic acid or methacrylic acid. Similarly, (meth) acrylic acid salt” refers to a salt of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, preferably a lithium, sodium, or potassium salt.
[0009] The term “units” of the recited monomer refers to the remnant of the monomer after polymerization. For example, a structural unit of methacrylic acid is as illustrated:
[0010] structural unit of methacrylic acid
[0011] where the dotted lines represent the points of attachment of the structural unit to the polymer backbone.
[0012] The concentration of the high-density polyethylene is in the range of from 45 or from 50 or from 55 weight percent, to 75 or to 70 weight percent, based on the weight of composition solids; and the concentration of the dispersant is in the range of from 25, or from 30 weight percent, to 55, or to 50, or to 45 weight percent, based on the weight of composition solids.
[0013] The high-density polyethylene together with the dispersant form particles typically having a volume mean particle size in the range of from 500 nm or from 800 nm or from 1 μm, to 5 μm or to 3 μm or to 2 μm as measured by dynamic light scattering. The high-density polyethylene has a density in the range of from 0.930 g / cm3, preferably from 0.945 g / cm3, to 0.970 g / cm3 preferably to 0.960 g / cm3 more preferably to 0.955 g / cm3. DOWTM DMDA-8940 NT 7 and DOWTM DMDA-8965 NT 7 High Density Polyethylene Resins (density = 0.951 g / cm3) are examples of commercially available high-density polyethylene resins.
[0014] The overall degree of neutralization of the dispersant (calculated as described in the example section) is in the range of from 5 or from 15 or from 30 or from 45 or from 50 percent, to 100 or to 75 or to 60 or to 58 percent or to 55 percent, with the proviso that from 5 or from 10 or from 30 or from 45 or from 50 percent of the degree of neutralization of the dispersant, to 60 or to 58 or to 55 percent of the degree of neutralization of the dispersant is attributable to a hard base.
[0015] Thus, for example, the dispersant is neutralized at least in part with one or more alkali metal hydroxides, carbonates, or bicarbonates (that is, one or more hard bases) such as LiOH, NaOH, KOH, LiHCO3, NaHCO3, KHCO3, and Na2CO3. Neutralization may be supplemented with a fugitive base that boils off or evaporates when the composition is applied to a substrate and cured. Examples of fugitive bases are ammonium hydroxide, amines, and amino alcohols, examples of which include ethylene diamine, N-ethylmonoethanol amine, N-ethyldiethanolamine, N, N′-dimethylmonoethanolamine, and N, N′-diethylmonoethanolamine. Accordingly, while a fugitive base contributes to the degree of neutralization of the composition or coating in the wet state, the degree of neutralization of the cured coating arises from the presence of the hard base.
[0016] (Meth) acrylic acid groups that are neutralized with a hard base in the prescribed range result in a coating on a substrate with a degree of neutralization of not greater than 60%. For example, (meth) acrylic acid groups that are neutralized with about 40 mole percent ammonium hydroxide and about 60 mole percent potassium hydroxide, based on the total moles of acid groups in the dispersant, will form a dried coating with about 40 mole percent COOH groups and about 60 mole percent COO-K+ groups; similarly, (meth) acrylic acid groups that are neutralized with 95 mole percent ammonium hydroxide and 5 mole percent potassium hydroxide will form a dried coating with about 95 mole percent COOH groups and 5 mole percent COO-K+ groups.
[0017] It is preferred that the (meth) acrylate salt is a salt of a hard base (i.e, a lithium, sodium, or potassium salt) . Accordingly, the (meth) acrylic acid salt units are lithium (meth) acrylate, sodium (meth) acrylate, or potassium (meth) acrylate units or a combination thereof.
[0018] The composition of the present invention is applied to a substrate such as paper, glass, metal, or plastic, then advantageously cured at advanced temperatures, preferably around the boiling point of water, to form a cured coating with an areal density in the range of from 1 g / m2 or from 2 g / m2 or from 5 g / m2 or from 7 g / m2, to 20 g / m2 or to 15 g / m2 or to 12 g / m2.
[0019] It has been surprisingly discovered that the coating composition percent of the present invention gives a cured coating with a coat weight of < 12 g / m2 and a moisture vapor transition rate at 38 ℃ and 90%relative humidity of 60 g / m2 / d, preferably less than 50 g / m2 / d, and more preferably less than 40 g / m2 / d.
[0020] Examples
[0021] Method for Preparing Coated Substrates and Measuring Coat Weights
[0022] UPM Brilliant 62 Glassine Paper (basis wt. 62 g / m2) was coated with the polyolefin dispersion using a drawdown bar and dried in a forced air oven for 2 min at 100 ℃ to a final coating areal density (coat weight) of 8 g / m2 (~ 8 to 9 μm coating thickness) . Coat weights were measured by punching holes in coated and uncoated UPM paper with a circular die to form discs having a specified diameter (D cm) . The coated discs (W1) were weighed against the uncoated disc (W2) and the coat weights were calculated by the formula:
[0023] Moisture Vapor Transmission Rate Measurements
[0024] Moisture Vapor Transmission Rates (MVTRs) were determined in accordance with ASTM E96 / E96M. A coated paper sample was sealed to the open end of a permeability cup followed by exposure of the sample to a controlled temperature and humidity environment (typically, a humidity chamber) . MVTR was determined based by measuring mass uptake for the cup as a function of time.
[0025] Calculation of Degree of Neutralization
[0026] The degree of neutralization of the polyolefin dispersions was determined by the following equation:
[0027] where A is the total number of acid units and B is the total number acid salt units.
[0028] General Procedure for Preparation of Aqueous Dispersions of Polyolefin Dispersions
[0029] DOWTM DMDA-8940 NT 7 High Density Polyethylene Resin (HDPE resin) and poly (ethylene-methacrylic acid) dispersant pre-neutralized with 17 mole percent NaOH (pEMAA, with an ethylene: COOH: COO-mole: mole: mole ratio of 93.5: 5.4: 1.1) were fed into a 25-mm diameter twin screw extruder using separate controlled rate feeders. The HDPE resin and dispersant were then forwarded through the extruder and melted to form an intermediate polymer melt blend.
[0030] The extruder temperature profile was ramped up to 150 ℃ for Dispersions 1, 2, 3, 4, and 120 ℃ for Dispersions 5, 6, and 7. Water and an aqueous solution of KOH (25%or 30%KOH) were mixed together from separate sources at predetermined flow rates and fed to the extruder at an initial water (H2Oo) introduction site after a uniform polymer melt blend was formed; then, dilution water (H2Od) was fed into the extruder. The extruder speed was 450 rpm for all samples. At the extruder outlet, a backpressure regulator was used to adjust the pressure inside the extruder barrel to a pressure adapted to reduce steam formation, generally in the range of 2 MPa to 4 MPa.
[0031] Each aqueous dispersion exited from the extruder and was filtered first through a 200-μm filter. The solids content of dispersions was measured using an infrared solids analyzer, and the volume mean particle size of the polymer particles was measured using a COULTERTM LS-230 particle size analyzer (Beckman Coulter Corporation, Fullerton, CA) .
[0032] Table 1 illustrates the flow rates for the various components used to make the dispersions. HDPE refers to the flow rate of the HDPE resin in g / min; pEMAA refers to the flow rate of the pEMAA in g / min; KOH refers to the flow rate of KOH in water in mL / min; NH3refers to the flow rate of ammonia, 28%aq. in mL / min; H2Oo refers to the flow rate of the water at the introduction site in mL / min; H2Od refers to the flow rate of the dilution water in mL / min; and PS refers to the volume mean particle size of the dispersed particles. The concentration of KOH was 25%KOH based on the weight of KOH and water, except dispersion 12, which was 30%KOH based on the weight of KOH and water.
[0033] Table 1 -Components and Flow Rates used to Prepare Dispersions
[0034] The dispersions were used alone or in combination to prepare the example and comparative example compositions. When used in combination, the dispersions were blended using an overhead mixer.
[0035] Table 2 illustrates the Example and comparative example formulations.
[0036] Table 2 -Example and Comparative Example Formulations
[0037] Coated substrates were prepared and MVTRs were measured. Table 3 illustrates the MVTR for the examples and comparative examples.
[0038] Table 3 -MVTR Data
[0039] The data show the criticality of degree of neutralization. The best MVTRs are observed at a dry coating DoN at or below 60%.
Claims
1.A composition comprising, based on the weight of composition solids, an aqueous dispersion of a) from 45 to 75 weight percent of high-density polyethylene having a density in the range of from 0.93 g / cm3 to 0.97 g / cm3; and b) from 25 to 55 weight percent of a dispersant having a degree of neutralization, wherein the dispersant is a copolymer containing ethylene units, (meth) acrylic acid units, and units of a (meth) acrylic acid salt; wherein the mole-to-mole ratio of units of ethylene to units of (meth) acrylic acid and the (meth) acrylic acid salt is in the range of from 95: 5 to 90: 10, and wherein from 5 to 60 percent the degree of neutralization of the dispersant is attributable to a hard base.2.[Corrected under Rule 26, 11.01.2024]The composition of Claim 1 wherein the high-density polyethylene has a density in the range of from 0.945 g / cm3 to 0.960 g / cm3; wherein the high-density polyethylene, together with the dispersant, form particles having a volume mean particle size in the range of from 500 nm to 5 μm; wherein the composition has a composition solids content in the range of from 40 to 60 weight percent based on the weight of the composition solids and water.3.The composition of Claim 2 wherein the dispersant has a degree of neutralization in the range of from 15 to 75 percent, and wherein the particles have volume mean particle size in the range of from 800 nm to 2 μm.4.The composition of Claim 2 wherein the dispersant has a degree of neutralization in the range of from 30 to 60 percent; and wherein high-density polyethylene particles have volume mean particle size in the range of from 800 nm to 2 μm.5.The composition of Claim 4 wherein the dispersant has a degree of neutralization in the range of from 45 to 60 percent.6.The composition of Claim 5 wherein the dispersant is neutralized by a hard base and has a degree of neutralization in the range of from 50 to 60 percent; wherein, based on the weight of composition solids, the concentration of the high-density polyethylene is in the range of from 70 to 50 weight percent, and the concentration of the dispersant is in the range of from 30 to 45 weight percent.7.The composition of Claim 6 wherein the dispersant has a degree of neutralization in the range of from 50 to 58 percent.8.The composition of Claim 7 wherein the (meth) acrylic acid units are methacrylic acid units; and the (meth) acrylic acid salt units are sodium methacrylate units or potassium methacrylate units or a combination thereof.9.The composition of any of Claims 1 to 8 wherein the high-density polyethylene particles and the dispersant comprise more than 90 weight percent of the composition solids.10.The composition of Claim 9 wherein the high-density polyethylene particles and the dispersant comprise at least 95 weight percent of the composition solids.
Citation Information
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