The invention discloses an arteriovenous simulation method and device used for puncture teaching. According to the device, two latex tubes, namely a first latex tube and a second latex tube, are arranged on an emulational arm to respectively simulate an arterial blood vessel and a venous blood vessel, a diaphragm pump is used to extract emulational blood from a liquid storage container, and pumps the emulational blood to the first latex tube; after flowing through the first latex tube, the emulational blood enters the second latex tube through a throttle valve, and finally the emulational blood returns back to the liquid storage container through the second latex tube, so that a simulated blood circulation system is formed; a brushless DC motor is controlled to be started/stopped intermittently to drive the diaphragm pump, so that the first latex tube can shrink and expand intermittently to simulate human pulse beat; after the emulational blood flows through the throttle valve, expansion and shrinkage frequency reduces, even expansion and shrinkage disappear, so that the second latex tube can simulate a human venous blood vessel; when puncture teaching is needed, the two latex tubes on the emulational arm are respectively punctured by an injection syringe needle, so that arterial puncture and venipuncture simulation trainings are realized.