38 results about "Venipuncture" patented technology

A handheld imaging device (100) for medical use comprising: a housing (106); and a sensor base (101) connected to the housing (106). The sensor base (101) comprises a first acoustic transducer array for imaging a sub-dermal structure in a first plane and a second transducer array for imaging the sub-dermal structure in a second plane. A processor (205), operable under control of electronic program instructions, activates transducer elements of the first transducer array (102) (e.g. operable in continuous wave Doppler ultrasound mode) and the second acoustic transducer array (103) (e.g. operable in A-mode ultrasound) to transmit signals and process receive signals reflected by the sub-dermal structure (104) to display an image of the sub-dermal structure (104), e.g. a vein. The processor (205) calculates characteristics of the sub-dermal structure (104) from the first and second imaged planes. The device (100) may be used in medical ultrasound to facilitate procedures such as cannulation and venepuncture.

The utility model discloses a multi-point wrapping type medical fixing band capable of being opened and closed for children. The multi-point wrapping type medical fixing band comprises a main band body and a plurality of bandage bodies. A window is formed in the middle of the front end of the main belt body. The chest and the knees of a child are wrapped by the main belt body, and the bandage bodies are fixedly connected with the edge of an operating bed in a matched mode, so that the child can be well fixed in the whole process in the operation, adverse events such as falling down and falling off the bed are effectively prevented, the bandage body corresponding to the puncture part can be independently opened during general anesthesia venipuncture of the child, and the operation is convenient. Meanwhile, the window is formed, and a transparent adhesive film capable of opening or closing the window is arranged in a matched mode, so that a doctor can conveniently observe a child in time during an operation, warm keeping of a patient is achieved, and hypothermia of the patient during the operation is prevented; the main band body is composed of the cotton cloth base layer, the first antibacterial non-woven fabric and the second antibacterial non-woven fabric, and a better sterile environment is provided for the operation process.

The embodiment of the invention discloses a vein puncture training error correction system and method based on multi-modal perception, and belongs to the technical field of medical teaching systems. The problem that the real-time performance and the accuracy of error correction in venipuncture training are low is solved. The data acquisition unit is used for acquiring corresponding venipuncture training operation data and blood vessel response data of the trainee in the current training mode; the coding unit is used for coding the blood vessel response data in real time and constructing a blood vessel state coding sequence; the association unit is used for associating the venipuncture training operation data with the blood vessel state coding sequence to form a coupled data stream; the prediction unit is used for inputting the coupled data flow into a preset venipuncture deviation prediction model, performing operation deviation prediction and generating compensation parameters based on an operation deviation prediction result; and the error correction unit is used for sending an early warning to the trainee based on the operation deviation prediction result and the compensation parameter, and giving operation guide data to realize vein puncture training error correction.

This invention discloses a tactile-visual collaborative realistic simulation method for intravenous puncture in virtual training for intravenous therapy nurses, belonging to the field of medical virtual simulation training technology. Addressing the problems of single tactile feedback and poor coordination between tactile and visual feedback in existing systems, this invention uses layered collision modeling to detect the needle tip's level in real time and trigger events; it generates multi-level tactile and visual blood return feedback signals based on the needle tip level and outputs them synchronously based on the same event. This invention allows trainees to simultaneously experience the dual sensations of "feeling emptiness" and "stable blood return within the needle tube" during puncture, achieving close coordination between tactile and visual feedback and helping trainees establish correct neuromuscular memory. This invention can be widely applied in the field of virtual simulation training for nursing skills, significantly improving the realism of training and operational recognition.

The utility model discloses a vein closure radiofrequency ablation component, including handle, catheter and ablation electrode that connect in proper order, the ablation electrode is provided at the front end of catheter, the rear end of catheter extends to handle rear end and is connected with joint, the inside of catheter is hollow structure, joint and the inside of catheter are communicated and are used for the leading wire to pass through before the operation. The ablation electrode is reliable in structure, simple in structure, stable, reliable and convenient to operate, normal saline is instilled to the ablation electrode in an operation to conduct the electrode tip and the outer tube, low-temperature plasma is generated under excitation of radio-frequency current to ablate varicose blood vessels, meanwhile, the high-resistance metal electrode tip is powered on to emit heat, the blood vessels are secondarily heated, and the ablation effect of the high-resistance metal electrode tip is improved. Compared with a coil type catheter, the ablation temperature is not too high, the ablation range is relatively small, tissues are not prone to adhesion, and the vein ablation closing effect is improved.

An apparatus includes a catheter, an introducer having a first member and a second member, a locking mechanism coupled to a distal end of the first member and configured to couple the introducer to a peripheral intravenous line, and an actuator coupled to the catheter. The actuator is configured to move from a first configuration, in which the catheter is disposed within the introducer, toward a second configuration to move the second member to a distal position relative to the first member. A portion of a guide of the second member being distal to the first member when the second member is in the distal position. The actuator is configured to move relative to the second member to be placed in the second configuration when the second member is in its distal position such that the catheter is disposed within and extending past an end of the peripheral intravenous line.

The utility model relates to the technical field of medical instruments, in particular to a special ultrasonic guide indwelling needle puncture auxiliary device for a patient with difficulty in venipuncture, which comprises a base and the like. The base is a bearing carrier of the device, the base can be conveniently mounted or dismounted through bolts, the placement pad is arranged on the top surface of the base and used for supporting the puncture part of a patient, and the limiting pad is arranged at the top of the placement pad and used for limiting the part, placed on the placement pad, of the patient. The placing pad and the limiting pad are made of elastic flexible materials, the contact faces are designed to be in an arc shape, the fixing device can be better attached to the skin of a patient to reduce oppression, the stability of a puncture part is guaranteed through the fixing band, and the risk of puncture failure caused by movement of the patient is reduced.

The utility model relates to a compression hemostasis device for venipuncture, which comprises a fixing component, the fixing component comprises a fixing band and a compression part, and one end of the fixing band is connected to the compression part; the device further comprises an adjusting assembly, the adjusting assembly is matched with the pressing piece, and the adjusting assembly comprises a rotary knob and a pressure regulator. Through the arrangement of the fixing assembly, the angle and the length of the fixing belt can be adjusted relative to the compression piece so as to achieve adaptive fixation, displacement of the compression piece is effectively avoided, and through the connection arrangement of the adjusting assembly and the compression piece, uniform pressure is provided through the compression piece; through the cooperation of the knob and the pressure regulator, the medical staff can quickly and accurately adjust the pressure of the compression main body, and the hemostasis operation is simplified.

The invention belongs to the technical field of medical instruments, and discloses a disposable constant-pressure arteriovenous puncture hemostasis device which comprises an acrylic plate, a bandage wound between the two ends of the acrylic plate and a protrusion formed in the middle of the top end of the acrylic plate. The disposable constant-pressure arteriovenous puncture hemostasis device further comprises a pushing structure and a protective pad. The push structure is arranged in the protrusion, and the protection pad is connected to the push structure, and the magnetic resonance Timm coil rotation adjusting device has the advantages that the push structure is hidden in the protrusion, the longitudinal height and the overall size of the device are greatly reduced, and the problem of space interference between an existing large-size rotation adjusting device and a magnetic resonance Timm coil is thoroughly solved; after being fixed, the device does not interfere with body position placement of a patient, the limb fixing requirement of magnetic resonance examination is met, meanwhile, the risk that the limb of the patient moves due to compression of the device is eliminated, and the acquisition quality of magnetic resonance images is guaranteed.

The utility model provides a vein hemostasis patch with air permeability and a dry cotton ball wrapping function, and particularly relates to the technical field of medical instruments. Aiming at the problems of insufficient air permeability, inconvenience in replacement of a cotton pad, single function, insufficient fixing stability and the like of the existing vein hemostasis patch, the utility model provides the vein hemostasis patch with the air permeability and the dry cotton ball wrapping function, which comprises an adjusting belt and a supporting belt connected to the adjusting belt, a cotton ball bin used for clamping a dry cotton ball is detachably connected to the supporting belt through a hook-and-loop fastener, and the cotton ball bin faces a venipuncture point. According to the device, efficient hemostasis of a puncture point is achieved, the cotton ball is convenient to replace, medicine adjuvant therapy is achieved, and wearing comfort and stability are achieved.

The utility model relates to the technical field of safety seats, and discloses a safety seat suitable for child venipuncture, which comprises a seat body, an asynchronous self-locking stepping motor is fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the seat body, and a seat rod bottom end is fixedly mounted on the outer side of an output shaft of the asynchronous self-locking stepping motor. A chair cushion is fixedly mounted at the top end of the chair rod. According to the safety seat suitable for child venipuncture, in order to improve the applicability and safety of the seat body, the moving assembly is arranged and matched with the base and the controller to start the multi-stage telescopic rod, the ground clearance and the inclination angle of the display equipment are adjusted in cooperation with the mounting frame, and therefore animations are played to transfer attention of children; the child's hip is clamped and fixed in cooperation with an air pump all-in-one machine, a T-shaped pipe, a hose and an expansion air bag, the to-be-punctured arm of the child is fixed in cooperation with a hand support, an arc-shaped cover, a movable hook-and-loop fastener and a fixed hook-and-loop fastener, and a nurse can puncture the vein conveniently in cooperation with an infrared vein scanner.

The invention discloses a flow adjusting device for an indwelling needle, and belongs to the technical field of medical instruments. The device comprises a shell, an elastic pipeline, a rotary driving assembly and a linear motion assembly. The elastic pipeline is arranged in an inner cavity of the shell and is communicated with the joints; the rotary driving assembly comprises a rotary knob and a hollow screw coaxially and fixedly connected with the rotary knob, and the linear motion assembly comprises a sliding block meshed with the hollow screw. One end of the elastic pipeline is fixedly connected with the sliding block, and the other end is fixedly connected with the shell; the rotary knob is rotated to drive the hollow screw rod to rotate and drive the sliding block to move in the axial direction of the screw rod, so that the elastic pipeline is axially stretched or loosened, the inner diameter of the pipeline is continuously changed through radial uniform contraction and recovery of the elastic pipeline, and then stepless adjustment of the infusion flow speed is achieved. The device is simple and compact in structure, accurate and visual in adjustment and capable of being integrated in an indwelling needle channel, and the clinical requirement for infusion of drugs with different flow velocity requirements through single venipuncture is met.

The application discloses a blood sampling device for blood culture, which comprises a flexible catheter, a blood sampling needle assembly and a bottle body puncture assembly arranged at two ends of the flexible catheter, and a volume-adjustable quantitative assembly arranged in the middle section of the flexible catheter; the quantitative assembly comprises a flexible inner capsule in communication with the inner cavity of the catheter, a rigid outer cavity body wrapped outside the inner capsule, and a volume adjusting mechanism for adjusting and limiting the effective expansion volume of the inner capsule; the catheter is provided with a first switch valve and a second switch valve, and the inner wall of the catheter and / or the inner wall of the inner capsule is provided with an anticoagulant coating. The application realizes flexible adjustment and accurate control of the blood sampling volume by a mechanical limiting mode, can meet the blood sampling requirements of different patient groups by one set of device, and unifies the production standard without producing multiple specifications. The blood sampling process of the device is completed in a closed pipeline, and the device is matched with an integrated multi-bottle puncture adapter, so that the quantitative blood sample can be continuously and aseptically distributed to multiple blood culture bottles under one-time venous puncture, and the device is convenient to operate and accurate in quantification.

A handheld ultrasonic auxiliary venipuncture device belongs to the field of medical instruments and comprises a display screen, an ultrasonic probe support, a puncture auxiliary base and an ultrasonic probe, the display screen is arranged on the upper portion of the ultrasonic probe support, the ultrasonic probe is arranged at the bottom of the ultrasonic probe support, and the puncture auxiliary base is arranged on one side of the bottom of the ultrasonic probe support. The puncture auxiliary base is of a C-shaped semi-open structure, a puncture groove is formed in the semi-open space of the puncture auxiliary base, the upper end of the C-shaped structure is inserted into the side face of the ultrasonic probe support to be fixed, the lower end of the C-shaped structure is a needle moving inclined face with a gradient, the angle between the upper surface of the puncture groove and the bottom plane of the puncture auxiliary base is 45 degrees, and the angle between the needle moving inclined face and the bottom plane of the puncture auxiliary base is 15-35 degrees. The limiting sensor is used for collecting stroke distance data of the puncture needle. By collecting the blood vessel image and monitoring the needle moving distance, double insurance during puncture is achieved, medical workers or rescue workers are assisted in positioning the puncture position and the puncture angle, and puncture can be successful at a time.

This invention discloses a hemoperfusion support device and a dialysis machine for combined hemoperfusion and hemodialysis, including a mounting base, a right telescopic cylinder I, an L-shaped bracket, a hemoperfusion bracket rotation motor, a dialyzer bracket rotation motor, a hemoperfusion bracket, and a dialyzer bracket. The L-shaped bracket is fixedly connected to the right telescopic cylinder I. The dialyzer bracket rotation motor is fixedly mounted on the top of the L-shaped bracket. The dialyzer bracket is mounted on the power output shaft of the dialyzer bracket rotation motor. The hemoperfusion bracket rotation motor is fixedly mounted on the bottom right end of the L-shaped bracket. This hemoperfusion support device and dialysis machine achieve automatic rotation, tilting, and vibration, thereby achieving automatic air venting and impurity removal from the hemoperfusion device and dialyzer without manual operation. The hemoperfusion device and dialyzer can be pre-flushed, vented, and impurity removed simultaneously, saving time, reducing reliance on medical personnel, and reducing the risk of infection from manual operation when connecting arterial and venous puncture needles.

An infusion trolley convenient to puncture relates to the field of medical instruments and comprises a bottom frame plate, a telescopic frame and an operating table, an outer frame is fixedly mounted on the lower end face of the operating table, an L-shaped mounting plate is mounted on the lower end face of the outer frame, a connecting shaft is fixedly mounted on the front end face of the L-shaped mounting plate, and a round cover disc is fixedly mounted on the connecting shaft. The upper end of the round cover disc is fixedly provided with a bolster plate, the upper end face of the bolster plate is provided with a protruding part, the left end of the round cover disc is fixedly connected with an upwarp plate, and the upwarp plate is provided with a grip ball. A patient can hold the grip ball with a hand to exert elastic force, meanwhile, the position of the palm can be adjusted in a non-contact mode, and therefore the patient can feel more comfortable. Therefore, the blood vessel lines are displayed to the maximum extent, the puncture part of a patient is fully exposed, then puncture infusion is conducted, the success rate of venipuncture of a doctor is greatly increased, and the patient feels more comfortable and is in the body position beneficial to puncture of medical staff.

The invention relates to the technical field of medical auxiliary equipment, and discloses an anti-deviation system for venipuncture, which comprises a pedestal assembly, a clamping mechanism is arranged at the upper end of the pedestal assembly, a developing assembly is arranged above the clamping mechanism, the clamping mechanism further comprises an arc plate, a clamping strip is elastically mounted on the arc plate, and the arc plate is matched with the clamping strip to clamp two ends of a target. A heating air bag is further arranged in the arc plate, a brush strip is externally connected to the heating air bag, the arc plate is heated when the heating air bag expands, and the brush strip is driven to brush the surface of the arc plate when the heating air bag expands. The table base assembly comprises a table body, a circular groove is formed in the table body, the circular groove is movably sleeved with a gear ring, and a rotary table is fixedly sleeved with an inner ring of the gear ring. A center hole is formed in the circle center of the rotary table, an inner cavity is further formed in the front side of the table body, a gear is movably connected in the inner cavity in a sleeved mode, the placing angle of the arc plate can be adjusted, and therefore medical staff can conduct venipuncture on limbs of a patient at different angles.

1. The name of the design product: venipuncture bed. 2. The use of the design product: venipuncture. 3. The design points of the design product: in shape. 4. The picture or photo that best indicates the design points: perspective view.

Systems and methods are described for tracking venipunctures, calculating venipuncture risk, and displaying said risk for the user. Systems and methods are also disclosed which may enable determining suitable sites for injection of a particular treatment, calculating the local and composite effects from the injection at each suitable injection site, and selecting a recommended suitable injection site for the user.

This invention relates to a method for force feedback modeling of intravenous puncture in virtual training for intravenous therapy nurses. The method comprises two parts: hierarchical interactive object construction and force feedback mapping, and hierarchical tactile model establishment. By performing hierarchical interactive modeling of the arm and blood vessel models, a positional mapping relationship between the force feedback device and the virtual needle is established, and the contact state is dynamically updated through interaction between the needle tip collider and the arm and blood vessel layers. Damped tactile feedback models and puncture-feeling tactile feedback models are established for the arm and blood vessel layers respectively, and force feedback signals are calculated and output in real time at a preset refresh frequency. Simultaneously, stiffness, damping, static friction, and dynamic friction parameters are visualized and adjusted, and stress feedback parameters are configured according to different body types. This method can improve the realism and adaptability of force feedback in virtual training for intravenous puncture.

The invention discloses an infusion exosmosis real-time monitoring and alarming system based on a biological impedance technology, and belongs to the technical field of medical instruments. The system comprises a disposable intelligent patch and a reusable alarm host. The intelligent patch is used for being attached to the periphery of a venipuncture point of a patient, and the flexible electrode array of the intelligent patch applies weak alternating-current excitation signals to subcutaneous tissue and measures voltage to obtain the biological impedance value of local tissue in real time. The alarm host is connected with the intelligent patch and used for processing the impedance data and calculating the impedance change rate through an intelligent algorithm. And when the impedance value is obviously reduced in a short time and exceeds a preset threshold value, the system judges that exosmosis occurs, and immediately starts a local sound-light alarm and a remote wireless alarm to push information to a nurse terminal and a central monitoring system. According to the invention, extremely early, objective and quantitative monitoring of infusion exosmosis is realized, serious complications can be effectively avoided, and the safety and nursing efficiency of patients are improved.

A system and method for determining a difficult venous access of a patient. Logic processes meta data acquired by a vasculature assessment device coupled with the patient. The meta data, e.g., vessel diameter, vessel depth, vessel wall thickness, vessel wall elasticity, tissue elasticity, tissue profusion, blood flow rate, or hydration level. The logic further determines a difficult venous access by performing an algorithm on the meta data. The algorithm is defined utilizing machine learning techniques applied to an ongoing collection data sets acquired from a plurality of systems across a plurality of patients undergoing catheter insertion events. The data set may also include patient data such as weight, age, etc. The vasculature assessment device may include ultrasound imaging, infrared imaging, molecular imaging, Raman spectroscopy, or optical coherence tomography to acquire one or both of three-dimensional imaging data and the meta data.

The application relates to the field of intelligent medical instruments and robot technology, and discloses an automatic venipuncture device and method based on the bionics principle, which comprises a master control unit coordinating a multi-modal sensing module, an image processing and path planning module, a precise driving execution module and a bionic puncture needle unit, and constitutes a closed-loop control system with real-time sensing, decision-making, execution and feedback functions. The automatic venipuncture device based on the bionics principle can accurately reconstruct a three-dimensional model of a subcutaneous blood vessel network and plan an optimal puncture path through information fusion of multi-modal sensors and three-dimensional path planning of artificial intelligence, so that the device can improve the puncture success rate from less than 50% in the traditional mode to more than 95% when facing difficult blood vessels, greatly reduces the need for repeated puncture, eliminates the technical differences between different operators, and realizes the standardization and high repeatability of operation results.

The utility model relates to the technical field of medical instruments, in particular to a novel venipuncture fixing device. Comprising a base, a soft rubber sleeve, an inflation pump and a driver are arranged on the base, the front end of the soft rubber sleeve is connected with the base through a guide assembly, the rear end of the soft rubber sleeve is connected with the base through a fixing support, and an inflation tourniquet is arranged on the soft rubber sleeve; the driver is in transmission connection with the guide assembly, and the inflation pump is connected with the inflation tourniquet through an air pipe. The arm fixing device is reasonable in structure, the arm of a patient can stretch into and be fixed in the soft rubber sleeve, the position of the front portion of the arm is adjusted under driving of the driver, and the comfort of the patient is improved; the upper portion of the arm is pressed through the inflatable tourniquet, internal pressure of the arm of the patient is increased, blood vessels are shown, operation of medical staff is facilitated, and the puncture success rate is increased.

This invention relates to the field of blood collection and testing technology, specifically to a sampling device for sepsis detection. The device includes a main blood collection tube and a shunt box. The shunt box contains a flow path assembly, which includes a first branch tube, a second branch tube, and a third branch tube, each connected to the main blood collection tube. The third branch tube is connected to a clinical testing component. The shunt box also contains a pumping assembly, which includes a drive assembly and several rotating rollers, all rotatably connected to the drive assembly. The shunt box also contains a first base and a second base. The second base contains clamping assemblies corresponding to the first, second, and third branch tubes, and each clamping assembly contains a sensing component. This invention is used to automatically, accurately, and sequentially complete the entire process of collecting multiple blood culture samples and rapidly detecting trace amounts of blood after a single venipuncture, solving the technical problems of high contamination risk, inaccurate blood volume, cumbersome procedures, and disconnect from rapid diagnosis inherent in traditional manual operations.

The utility model relates to the technical field of medical instruments. A venipuncture skin flattening assist device for elderly patients comprises a bottom plate. The small arm supporting assembly comprises a small arm bracket and a first telescopic rod which are arranged up and down, the bottom of the first telescopic rod is installed on the bottom plate, the wrist supporting assembly and the small arm supporting assembly are arranged left and right, and the wrist supporting assembly comprises a front supporting frame and a rear supporting frame which are arranged front and back; the front supporting frame comprises a front limiting clamping piece and a front telescopic rod which are arranged up and down, and the bottom of the front telescopic rod is slidably connected with the bottom plate; the rear supporting frame comprises a rear limiting clamping piece and a rear telescopic rod which are arranged up and down, and the bottom of the rear telescopic rod is slidably connected with the bottom plate. And a wrinkled skin area needing to be punctured can be conveniently flattened and clamped through a front limiting clamping piece and a rear limiting clamping piece of the wrist supporting assembly.

The invention discloses a multifunctional auxiliary chair for venipuncture of autistic children, relates to the field of nursing instruments for the department of neurology of children, and aims to solve the problems that existing equipment is not adaptive to autistic children, and the autistic children are sensitive in feeling, weak in emotion regulation and split in function. The auxiliary chair comprises a chair body, a limb restraining assembly and an animation guiding module, and is matched with scene adaptation structures such as height adjustment and lower limb folding. The limb restraining assembly adopts a flexible wrapping layer with a pressure sensor and an adjustable restraining belt, and safe flexible restraining and pressure real-time monitoring are achieved; the animation guiding module is electrically connected with the pressure sensor, the puncture process, pacifying and science popularization animations can be dynamically switched through the display screen, character prompts can be popped up, the constraint strength can be synchronously adjusted, and emotion guiding and constraint linkage is achieved. The device effectively relieves the puncture conflict emotion of autism children, guarantees constraint safety, adapts to different heights, body types and puncture scenes, improves the one-time puncture success rate, reduces the operation risk and meets the clinical nursing requirements.

The utility model discloses a quilt convenient for rescuing critically ill patients, which comprises a quilt body, the quilt body comprises a trunk part, two upper limb parts and two lower limb parts, the two upper limb parts and the two lower limb parts are detachably connected with the trunk part, and the upper limb parts and the lower limb parts are detachably connected with the trunk part. Diagnosis and treatment notches are formed in the positions, corresponding to the chest and the groin, of the trunk part, and a splicing part is detachably connected to each diagnosis and treatment notch; the upper limb parts, the lower limb parts and the trunk part are all detachably connected, so that medical staff can conveniently and rapidly detach corresponding parts according to rescue requirements, and detachable splicing parts are arranged at the positions, corresponding to the groin and the chest, of the trunk part; when cardiac compression first aid, electrocardiographic examination, cardiac auscultation, femoral artery and vein puncture, venous transfusion or intubation and other operations need to be carried out, the corresponding splicing parts can be opened or directly detached, the quilt does not need to be opened, and the quilt is very convenient to use and does not affect warm keeping and treatment.

Improvements in an infusion unit are disclosed. The infusion unit is a portable pump that can be used with patient that have wrist access or decubital PICC / MID-LINES without the risk of line accidently getting pulled. The infusion unit is in the shape of a conveniently shell that has an appearance of an arm cast. There are no hoses that extend beyond the body of the infusion unit and any vein penetration is completely covered under the body of the infusion unit. The secure enclosed unit prevents unauthorized tampering and entry into the unit. The medication dosing can be remotely monitored, fusion resumed, changed by nursing and the patient. The infusion unit has a wireless connection to a network to adjust medication and monitor vital signs, namely heart rate, O2 level and blood pressure that can be monitored and recorded for review.

Point-of-care (POC) testing for T. gondii infection can potentially address cost concerns and lead to better clinical outcomes through improved access to screening. This disclosure provides methods and compositions for whole blood POC testing to identify T. gondii infection with high sensitivity and specificity, obviating the need for venipuncture and sample processing infrastructure, making it an efficient, low-cost POC test.