An intravenous catheter insertion device is disclosed to include a barrel, which has a body and a stop wall, a deformable portion extending from the body, a retainer connected with the deformable portion, and a press portion for pressing by the user to deform the deformable portion. A needle set, which has a cylindrical needle holder, a needle fastened to the needle holder at the front side, a springy stop portion extending from the needle holder, and a retainer connected with the needle holder near the front end of the needle holder. And a spring member, which is mounted around the needle set inside the barrel, and has a first end stopped against the stop wall of the barrel and a rear end stopped against the springy stop portion of the needle set.