Method and system for assessing impact of flicker and glare of photovoltaic panel on aviation safety

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of aviation safety. Disclosed is a method for assessing the impact of flicker and glare of a photovoltaic panel on aviation safety. The method comprises: a specular-reflection analysis model calculating beam irradiances of specular reflections of sunlight on focusing reflectors in photovoltaic panels at different distances, and corresponding sizes of reflected images of the sun, which reflected images are observed by human eyes, and further calculating different light-source angular subtenses, and human-eye retinal irradiances of the specular reflections, and assessing the probability and risk of visual persistence on the basis of the different light-source angular subtenses and the corresponding retinal irradiances; a diffuse-reflection analysis model calculating diffuse-reflection irradiances of the sunlight at different diffuse-reflection source distances, and further calculating human-eye retinal irradiances of corresponding diffuse reflections; and in view of the retinal irradiances of the specular reflections and the retinal irradiances of the diffuse reflections, a safety impact analysis model analyzing aviation safety impact factor values corresponding to the flicker and glare of the specular reflections of the focusing reflectors. Further disclosed is a system for assessing the impact of flicker and glare of a photovoltaic panel on aviation safety.

Description

Method and system for evaluating the impact of flicker and glare of photovoltaic panels on aviation safety

[0001] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the China Patent Office on December 9, 2023, with application number 202311689189.5 and invention name “Method and system for evaluating the impact of flicker and glare of photovoltaic panels on aviation safety”, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0002] The present application relates to the field of aviation safety technology, and in particular to a method and system for evaluating the impact of flicker and glare of photovoltaic panels on aviation safety. Background Art

[0003] As more and more distributed photovoltaic power generation projects are being constructed and put into operation, the potential hazards of flicker and glare from photovoltaic panels have become a key concern for public safety. Flicker is defined as a brief flash of light, and glare is defined as a more continuous source of excessive brightness relative to ambient lighting. The hazards of flicker and glare from distributed photovoltaic power generation projects include permanent damage to the eyes (such as retinal burns) and temporary blindness (such as residual vision), which may affect the human eye vision of pilots taxiing and flying overhead near distributed photovoltaic power generation sites, posing a major safety hazard. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a method and system for evaluating the impact of flicker and glare of photovoltaic panels on aviation safety, which can be used to evaluate the impact of flicker and glare of photovoltaic panels in distributed photovoltaic power generation projects on aviation safety.

[0005] In the first aspect, the invention objectives of this application are achieved by adopting the following technical solutions:

[0006] A method for evaluating the impact of flicker and glare from photovoltaic panels on aviation safety comprises: using a preset specular reflection analysis model to calculate the beam irradiance of sunlight reflected from a focusing reflector at different distances from the photovoltaic panel and the corresponding solar reflection image size observed by the human eye; calculating different light source subtending angles and specularly reflected retinal irradiances of the human eye based on different beam irradiances and solar reflection image sizes, and evaluating the probability and risk of residual vision based on the different light source subtending angles and corresponding retinal irradiances; using a preset diffuse reflection analysis model to calculate the diffuse irradiance of sunlight at different diffuse source distances, and calculating the corresponding diffusely reflected retinal irradiance of the human eye based on the diffuse irradiance; and using a preset safety impact analysis model to analyze the aviation safety impact factor values ​​corresponding to the flicker and glare from the specular reflection of the focusing reflector in combination with the specularly reflected retinal irradiance and the diffusely reflected retinal irradiance.

[0007] In the second aspect, the invention objective of this application is achieved by adopting the following technical solutions:

[0008] A system for evaluating the impact of glint and glare from photovoltaic panels on aviation safety includes: a specular reflection analysis module for calculating, using a preset specular reflection analysis model, the beam irradiance of sunlight reflected from a focusing reflector at different distances from a photovoltaic panel and the corresponding solar reflection image size observed by the human eye; a visual impact assessment module for calculating, based on different beam irradiances and solar reflection image sizes, different light source subtending angles and specularly reflected retinal irradiances of the human eye, and evaluating the probability and risk of residual vision based on the different light source subtending angles and corresponding retinal irradiances; a diffuse reflection analysis module for calculating, using a preset diffuse reflection analysis model, the diffuse irradiance of sunlight at different diffuse source distances, and the corresponding diffusely reflected retinal irradiance of the human eye based on the diffuse irradiance; and an aviation safety factor analysis module for analyzing, using a preset safety impact analysis model and the retinal irradiance of specular reflection and the retinal irradiance of diffuse reflection, the aviation safety impact factor value corresponding to the glint and glare from the specular reflection of the focusing reflector.

[0009] In a third aspect, the invention objective of this application is achieved by adopting the following technical solutions:

[0010] A computer device includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the method for evaluating the impact of flicker and glare of photovoltaic panels on aviation safety are implemented.

[0011] Fourthly, the invention objectives of this application are achieved by adopting the following technical solutions:

[0012] A computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method for evaluating the impact of flicker and glare of photovoltaic panels on aviation safety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0014] FIG1 is a flow chart of a method for evaluating the impact of flicker and glare of photovoltaic panels on aviation safety in one or more embodiments of the present application;

[0015] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of solar reflection from a focusing reflector in one or more embodiments of the present application;

[0016] FIG3 is a diagram of the irradiance of a mirror beam generated by a focusing reflector in one or more embodiments of the present application;

[0017] FIG4 is a schematic diagram of a light source projected onto the retina of a human eye in one or more embodiments of the present application;

[0018] FIG5 is a schematic diagram of relevant calculation parameters of a diffuse reflection analysis model in one or more embodiments of the present application;

[0019] FIG6 is a graph showing the relationship between corneal irradiance and distance of a diffuse reflection tower in one or more embodiments of the present application;

[0020] FIG7 is a schematic diagram of a device in one or more embodiments of the present application.

[0021] Reference numerals: 100 - light rays from the edge of the sun, 101 - light rays from the center of the sun, 102 - cornea, 103 - conjunctiva, 104 - lens, 105 - choroid, 106 - retina, 107 - iris, 108 - pupil, 109 - nodal point. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of this application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0023] In one embodiment, as shown in FIG1 , the present application discloses a method for evaluating the impact of flicker and glare of photovoltaic panels on aviation safety, specifically comprising the following steps:

[0024] S1: The preset specular reflection analysis model calculates the irradiance of the beam of sunlight reflected by the focusing mirror in the photovoltaic panel at different distances and the corresponding solar reflection image size observed by the human eye.

[0025] In this embodiment, the solar reflection image is the image of the sun reflected by the reflector observed by the human eye. The photovoltaic panels in the distributed photovoltaic power generation project include focusing reflectors in different types of focusing collectors (such as point focusing collectors and line focusing collectors). The focusing reflectors reflect sunlight and produce flicker and glare. The mirror reflection analysis model is used to determine the irradiance of the light beam generated by the focusing reflector when reflecting the sun, and to determine the size of the solar reflection image observed by the human eye in the focusing reflector at different distances between the sunlight and the focusing reflector.

[0026] Specifically, in distributed photovoltaic power generation projects, when the photovoltaic panel is in the standby position (reflecting sunlight to a position other than the focusing collector), the direct mirror solar reflection of the focusing reflector can cause flicker and glare hazards; when the focusing collector is in an off-axis position (for example, when moving from a stowed position to a tracking position), the mirror solar reflection from the dish and parabolic troughs can cause flicker and glare hazards; for the parabolic trough, when the sun is below the horizon and aligned with the axis of the trough, the mirror reflection of the focusing reflector can also produce flicker and glare, causing the reflected light to overflow from the end of the trough. The mirror reflection effect of sunlight is analyzed by a mirror reflection analysis model.

[0027] S2: Based on different beam irradiances and solar reflection image sizes, the retinal irradiance of the human eye at different light source subtending angles and specular reflections is calculated. The probability and risk of residual vision are evaluated based on different light source subtending angles and corresponding retinal irradiances.

[0028] In this embodiment, the light source subtending angle is the angle of view of the light source at the observer's eye or measurement point. Different light source subtending angles and retinal irradiances result in different probabilities and risks of residual vision. As the light source subtending angle increases, the safety threshold of retinal irradiance decreases accordingly. For a given retinal irradiance, a larger light source subtending angle affects a larger retinal photosensitive area and delivers greater light power to the retina. Therefore, the probability and risk of residual vision need to be assessed based on different light source subtending angles and corresponding retinal irradiances.

[0029] Specifically, there are three types of impacts or damages on human vision caused by different retinal irradiances caused by different short-term exposure light source angles. One is that it may cause permanent visual damage (i.e., retinal burns); the second is that it may cause temporary residual vision; and the third is that it will hardly cause temporary residual vision. Based on different light source angles and different retinal irradiances, retinal burn thresholds and residual vision thresholds can be set respectively to facilitate the evaluation of the residual vision effects of different light source angles and retinal irradiances.

[0030] S3: The preset diffuse reflection analysis model calculates the diffuse irradiance of sunlight at different diffuse source distances, and the corresponding diffuse reflection retinal irradiance of the human eye is calculated based on the diffuse irradiance.

[0031] In this embodiment, in actual application, the light reflection method of the photovoltaic panels in the distributed photovoltaic power generation project also includes diffuse reflection. Since the diffuse irradiance of the diffuse source will decrease rapidly with the increase of distance, the irradiance at a certain position caused by diffuse reflection depends on the diffuse irradiance received by the sunlight at different distances from the diffuse source; the corresponding retinal irradiance of the human eye caused by diffuse reflection is calculated based on the diffuse irradiance, so as to analyze the retinal burn threshold corresponding to the diffuse reflection and the visual residual threshold causing potential impact; it is conducive to improving the accuracy of the assessment of the impact of flicker and glare on photovoltaic panels.

[0032] S4: The preset safety impact analysis model combines the retinal irradiance of specular reflection and the retinal irradiance of diffuse reflection to analyze the aviation safety impact factor values ​​corresponding to the glint and glare of specular reflection of the focusing reflector.

[0033] In this embodiment, the safety impact analysis model is an aviation safety impact analysis model constructed by combining the retinal irradiance of specular reflection and diffuse reflection with the actual situation of airport safety operation. The aviation safety impact analysis model calculates the corresponding aviation safety impact factor values ​​based on the retinal irradiance of specular reflection and the retinal irradiance of diffuse reflection, and then analyzes the impact of flicker and glare received by pilots based on the safety impact factor values ​​calculated by the safety impact analysis model; thereby achieving the purpose of evaluating the impact of flicker and glare of photovoltaic panels of distributed photovoltaic power generation projects on aviation safety.

[0034] By adopting the above technical solution, the photovoltaic panels in the distributed photovoltaic power generation project include focusing reflectors in different types of focusing collectors (such as point focusing collectors and line focusing collectors). The focusing reflectors reflect sunlight and produce flicker and glare. In order to analyze the impact of flicker and glare caused by the reflection of photovoltaic panels on aviation safety, the beam irradiance generated by the mirror solar reflection of the focusing reflector is first calculated through the mirror reflection analysis model, and the size of the solar reflection image observed by the human eye in the focusing reflector at different distances from the sunlight and the focusing reflector is determined; then, based on the different beam irradiances and the corresponding solar reflection image sizes, the light source subtending angle and the corresponding retinal irradiance are determined, so as to evaluate the impact on aviation safety. The probability and risk of residual vision produced by the human eye vary with different light source angles and retinal irradiances. Furthermore, the flicker and glare produced by light source reflection include specular reflection and diffuse reflection. The diffuse irradiance received by sunlight at different diffuse source distances is calculated using a diffuse reflection analysis model, and the retinal irradiance of the human eye due to diffuse reflection is then determined based on the different diffuse irradiances. Then, the aviation safety impact factor values ​​corresponding to the flicker and glare produced by photovoltaic panels on pilots during flight are analyzed in combination with the aviation safety impact analysis model for airport safe operations, so as to achieve the effect of evaluating the impact of flicker and glare of photovoltaic panels of distributed photovoltaic power generation projects on aviation safety.

[0035] In one embodiment, in step S1, a preset mirror reflection analysis model calculates the irradiance of the light beam reflected by the focusing reflector in photovoltaic panels at different distances and the corresponding size of the solar reflection image observed by the human eye, including: a preset point focus reflection analysis model and a preset line focus reflection analysis model respectively calculate the irradiance of the light beam reflected by the focusing reflector in photovoltaic panels at different distances and the corresponding size of the solar reflection image observed by the human eye. In this embodiment, the focusing reflector mirror surface includes a point focus reflector mirror surface and a line focus reflector mirror surface, and the mirror reflection analysis model includes a point focus reflection analysis model and a line focus reflection analysis model; as shown in Figure 2, which is a schematic diagram of solar reflection on the focusing reflector mirror surface, it is assumed that the reflector is a circular reflector, where b is the focal length, R is the focal length, and R is the focal length. h is the radius of the focusing reflector, β is the beam divergence angle, and FIG2 also includes light 100 from the edge of the sun and light 101 from the center of the sun.

[0036] In one embodiment, the preset point focus reflection analysis model is shown in formula (1):

[0037] Assume that the reflectivity of the reflector is ρ and the direct normal irradiance of sunlight is E DNI , the area concentration ratio of the point focusing reflector to the solar beam is C, and the beam irradiance E beam The calculation formula is as follows: E beam=ρE DNI C (1)

[0038] Among them, the direct normal irradiance E on the earth's surface is DNI Set to 0.1W / cm 2 , assuming that the area of ​​the point focusing reflector is A h , the area of ​​the sunlight beam is A x , the beam radius of the light source cross section at distance x from the reflector is R x , the distance between the sunlight source and the point focusing reflector is x, and the area concentration ratio C is calculated by formula (2):

[0039] By adopting the above technical solution, the irradiance E of the beam generated by the sun's reflection on the point-focusing reflector is beam To calculate, first focus the reflector by the mirror area A h and the beam radius R of the light source cross section at distance x from the reflector x Calculate the area concentration ratio C of the point focusing reflector and the solar beam; the beam radius R of the solar light source at this time x It is set to a circle, so the beam irradiance E generated by the solar reflection of the point focusing reflector can be calculated by combining the area concentration ratio C with formula (1). beam The distance between the light source and the reflector is x. The beam irradiance E of the point-focusing reflector is obtained by calculating the reflectivity ρ of different point-focusing reflectors and different area concentration ratios C. beam , in order to facilitate the subsequent analysis of the retinal irradiance of the point-focusing reflector.

[0040] In this embodiment, the beam radius R of the light source is x It includes the beam divergence R1 and the focusing and defocusing characteristics R2 of the solar beam at distances less than or greater than the focal length b; that is, R x =R1+R2.

[0041] Specifically, the beam divergence R1 at a distance x from the reflector is defined by the solar half angle (about 4.7 mrad) and the additional slope error caused by the mirror error, as shown in formula (3): where β / 2 is the half angle of the total solar beam divergence.

[0042] The focusing and defocusing characteristics R2 of the solar beam are calculated using formula (4):

[0043] Where b is the focal length. Substituting the results of formula (2), formula (3), and formula (4) into formula (1), when β / 2 is small enough, the value of tan(β / 2) is approximately equal to β / 2, and the beam irradiance E on the mirror surface of the point focusing reflector is beamThe calculation formula (5) is as follows:

[0044] Among them, the diameter of the reflector surface D h =2R h .

[0045] In this embodiment, as shown in FIG3 , the irradiance of the mirror beam generated by the point-focusing reflector at a specific distance (unit: W / cm 2 ). Furthermore, the beam irradiance can also be calculated by using the direct normal irradiance E of the Earth's surface DNI (about 0.1W / cm 2 ) is substituted into formula (5) for calculation. The maximum beam irradiance occurs at the focal length x = b.

[0046] By adopting the above technical solution, the beam radius R of the light source in the calculation formula (2) is x When the actual solar beam is reflected, the beam will spread, and the beam at a distance less than or greater than the focal length b needs to consider the defocusing characteristics of the beam; R1 is caused by the beam diffusion caused by the inaccuracy of the solar angle and the point focusing reflector profile (slope error), while R2 represents the focusing and defocusing characteristics of the beam at a distance less than or greater than the focal length. The beam radius R x It is actually composed of the beam divergence R1 and the focusing and defocusing characteristics of the beam R2; from formula (3), it can be seen that the beam divergence R1 at a distance x from the reflector is defined by the solar half angle (about 4.7 mrad) and the additional slope error caused by the mirror error. In practical applications, when b is equal to the reflector radius R h Ratio b / R h When the beam divergence R1 is greater than 18, the error of the beam divergence R1 calculated by formula (3) is less than 0.3%. According to formula (5), the beam irradiance E beam It is a function of the distance x between the light source and the point-focusing reflector. The beam irradiance E of the point-focusing reflector is calculated by formula (5): beam Taking into account the light source characteristics of beam diffusion and defocusing, the beam irradiance E beam The calculation accuracy is better, which is conducive to improving the analysis accuracy of the specular beam irradiance of the flicker and glare of the photovoltaic panel.

[0047] In one embodiment, the method for evaluating the impact of flicker and glare of photovoltaic panels on aviation safety further includes:

[0048] Assume that the point focusing reflector is an infinite plane reflector (b→∞, D h →∞); then the effective diameter of the reflector surface is D h Calculated by formula (6):

[0049] The size of the solar reflection image is calculated using formula (7):

[0050] Among them, A spot is the area of ​​the reflected light spot image on the plane reflector observed by the human eye at a distance x from the plane reflector. The subscript flat indicates that the plane reflector is large enough so that the human eye can see the entire reflected image of the sun; d spot is the diameter of the reflected image on the plane mirror, ω spot is the angle of the sun's image reflected on a plane reflector observed from a specified distance; for an infinitely large plane reflector, the diameter of the reflected image of sunlight observed at a distance x from the plane reflector is set to xβ.

[0051] The preset line focus reflection analysis model is shown in formula (8) and formula (9):

[0052] By adopting the above technical solution, the parameters of the solar reflection image size include the area A of the reflected light spot image on the plane reflector observed by the human eye at a distance x from the plane reflector. spot , the diameter d of the reflected image on the plane mirror spot and the angle ω of the sun image reflected on the plane reflector spot According to the definition of formula (1), the beam irradiance E beam It is proportional to the area concentration ratio C, which is equal to the ratio of the area of ​​the plane reflector to the area of ​​the circular beam. It can be obtained that the relative spot size of the solar reflection image in the plane reflector observed at a given distance x is proportional to the beam irradiance measured at that position.

[0053] According to formula (9), for an infinite plane reflector, the diameter of the reflected image of the sun observed at a certain distance x from the plane reflector is set to xβ. When b→∞ and D h The beam irradiance at →∞ is ρE DNI ; Therefore, if the measured beam irradiance E beam Greater than (or less than) ρE DNI , then the size and angle ω of the solar reflected spot image observed on the line focusing reflector are spot The size and angle β of the solar image reflected on the large plane reflector at the same location will be greater (or smaller) than that on the large plane reflector.

[0054] Formula (7) can be visually checked at two distances x≈0 and x=b: At x≈0 (the observer is right next to the plane reflector), formula (5) gives the beam irradiance E beam Equal to ρE DNI, by using formula (7) at x≈0, we can get a light source angle equal to β; at x=b, formulas (5) and (7) can be used to calculate the angle ω of the reflected solar image spot Equal to D h / b; thus, it is convenient to obtain the solar reflection image size data through the above calculation formula; further, the distance between the human eye and the plane reflector that produces visual afterimage can be calculated through formula (7) and formula (9), so that in actual application, a safe activity area that is not likely to cause adverse effects on the human eye can be divided according to the installation location area of ​​the photovoltaic panel.

[0055] In one embodiment, in step S2, different light source subtending angles and specularly reflected retinal irradiances of the human eye are calculated based on different light beam irradiances and solar reflected image sizes, and the probability and risk of residual vision are evaluated based on different light source subtending angles and corresponding retinal irradiances, including: In this embodiment, the risk of residual vision includes retinal burns and potential residual vision; the light source subtending angle ω is calculated by formula (10): Assume that the diameter of the image projected on the retina is d r ;The light source size is d s ; The radial distance between the human eye and the light source is r; The focal length of the human eye is f, f≈0.017m. d r =fω;ω=d s / r (10)

[0056] Let the irradiance of the preretinal plane (corneal irradiance) be E c ; Under daylight conditions, the pupil diameter dp is set to 2 mm; the medium transmission coefficient τ of the human eye is set to 0.5; the retinal irradiance E of the human eye r Calculated by formula (11):

[0057] Retinal burn threshold E r,burn (Unit W / cm 2 ) is calculated as shown in formula (12): E r,burn =0.118 / ω, ω<0.118 rad; E r,burn =1,ω≥0.118 rad (12)

[0058] Threshold of potential visual persistence E r,flash (Unit W / cm 2 ) is calculated as shown in formula (13):

[0059] Different light source angles ω and corresponding retinal irradiance E r Substitute into formulas (12) and (13) to evaluate the probability and risk of residual vision.

[0060] In an application example, as shown in FIG4 , FIG4 is a schematic diagram of a light source projected onto the retina of a human eye, which includes: cornea 102, conjunctiva 103, lens 104, choroid 105, retina 106, iris 107, pupil 108, and intersection 109. As an example, the retinal irradiance caused by the human eye directly observing the sun can be calculated using formulas (10) and (11), where E c The value is 0.1W / cm 2 , dp takes the value of 0.002m, f takes the value of 0.017m, ω takes the value of 0.0094rad, τ takes the value of 0.5, and the resulting retinal irradiance E r 8W / cm 2 .

[0061] In an application example, the size and impact of the visual afterimage in the field of view depends on the size of the light source angle ω. For a given retinal irradiance, a smaller light source angle ω produces smaller visual afterimages and has less potential impact; r,flash At retinal irradiance values ​​of this magnitude, the likelihood of residual visual effects from flash is low.

[0062] By adopting the above technical solution, the retinal irradiance E of the human eye caused by different light sources r The impact on human vision mainly includes retinal burns and residual vision. The effect of different light source angles ω on the size of the residual visual image in the human eye's field of view (i.e., the size of the solar reflection image, represented by the diameter dr of the image projected on the retina) is calculated using formula (10). For a given retinal irradiance, a larger light source angle will affect a larger retinal photosensitive area. As the light source angle increases, the safety threshold of the retinal irradiance will decrease accordingly. The retinal irradiance corresponding to permanent visual damage is further calculated using formula (12) as the retinal burn threshold E r,burn , so that the retinal burn threshold E r,burn The probability and risk of retinal burns are evaluated by the numerical value of ; and the threshold value of residual vision E is calculated by formula (13) r,flash , so that the threshold E of the visual residual is calculated r,flash Assess the effects of residual vision caused by flicker and glare.

[0063] In one embodiment, as shown in FIG5 , FIG5 is a schematic diagram of relevant calculation parameters of the diffuse reflection analysis model. In step S3, the preset diffuse reflection analysis model calculates the diffuse irradiance of sunlight at different diffuse source distances, and calculates the corresponding diffuse reflection retinal irradiance of the human eye based on the diffuse irradiance, specifically including: assuming the diffuse reflection diffuse radiation L dIt is uniform in all directions. When the human eye is at a radial distance r from the light source, the diffuse irradiance received by the human eye is E. d The preset diffuse reflection analysis model is shown in formula (14):

[0064] Among them, P d is the total power reflected by the diffuse source, A s is the light source area; A s cos(θ) is the projection area of ​​the diffuse source perpendicular to the line of sight of the human eye; A d is the total area of ​​the diffuse source; as shown in Figure 6, Figure 6 is the corneal irradiance calculated based on formula (14) using the cylindrical receiver outside the diffuse reflection tower as an example using the following parameters: the irradiance on the diffuse reflection tower receiver is 1x10 6 W / m 2 , DNI=1000W / m 2 1000 direct normal irradiance on the Earth's surface (unit: Suns), receiver radius 10 meters, receiver height 20 meters, tower height 100 meters, receiver surface area 1257 square meters (calculated based on receiver radius and height), and receiver reflectivity 0.1 to 0.5. Graph of the calculated corneal irradiance as a function of the distance from the light source to the light source receiver when the reflectivity of the photovoltaic panel receiver is 0.1 and 0.5. As shown in Figure 6, the corneal irradiance drops to zero near the tower base at a radial distance of nearly 100 meters and then decreases rapidly with increasing distance. The total power P reflected by the diffuse source is d Calculated by formula (15): P d =E DNI A d ρ d C (15)

[0065] The calculation formula for the diffuse reflection light source angle ω (16) and the diffuse retinal irradiance E r,d The calculation formula (17) is as follows:

[0066] By adopting the above technical solution, since the light reflection mode of photovoltaic panels in distributed photovoltaic power generation projects includes diffuse reflection, and the calculation of retinal irradiance at a certain position caused by reflection depends on the total diffuse irradiance E received by the reflection source d , the total power P reflected by the diffuse source d and the radial distance r from the light source, etc.; therefore, it is necessary to establish the calculation formula for the diffuse reflection light source angle ω (16) and the diffuse retinal irradiance E r,d In this embodiment, a diffuse reflection analysis model is established to evaluate the effect of different light source radial distances r on the diffuse retinal irradiance E.r,d The influence of , thus combining formula (13) and formula (16) to calculate the minimum safe distance that can effectively avoid the generation of visual residual, and the threshold value E of visual residual can be calculated by formula (13) r,flash , in order to analyze the visual damage and residual visual effects of diffuse reflection flicker and glare on the human eye.

[0067] Specifically, the expression of formula (14) is derived from formula (18) to formula (21): The calculation of the diffuse irradiance at a certain position caused by diffuse reflection depends on the total irradiance received by the reflection source, the reflectivity of the reflection source, the geometry, direction and distance from the light source to the reflection source. For a diffuse source, assuming that the reflected diffuse radiation L d (W / cm 2 -sr) is uniform in all directions. At a radial distance r (m) from the light source, the diffuse irradiance E received by the observer is d (W / cm 2 ) is shown in formula (18):

[0068] Among them, A p is the pupil area (m 2 ), Ω is the solid angle subtended by the pupil when viewed from the light source (sr), A s is the area of ​​the light source visible to the observer (m 2 ), θ is the angle between the normal line of the light source surface and the light source and the observer’s line of sight; A s cos(θ) is the visible area of ​​the light source projected to the observer (as shown in Figure 5), and is also the diffuse radiation L d The area where the light source is located; it should be noted that when θ increases to 90°, the visible light source area and the diffuse irradiance will become zero. In addition, the visible light source area A s Not necessarily the total area A of the diffuse source d Same; if the radiation source is planar, then A d =A s When there is a non-planar source, such as a cylindrical external receiver, the probability of forming a diffuse source in different areas of the non-planar source increases; in this case, the diffuse source area A d Equal to π*D*H, and the visible light source area A s Approximately equal to D*H, where D is the diameter of the cylinder and H is the height; the projected area perpendicular to the line of sight is equal to A s cos(θ), as shown in FIG6 , is a graphical representation of the above parameters.

[0069] In formula (17), in the case of a diffuse source, the solid angle Ω subtended by the pupil when viewed from the light source can be calculated using the following formula:

[0070] The total reflected radiant flux E emitted from the diffuse source element into the hemisphere can be expressed as s (W / cm 2 ), then the diffuse radiation L in formula (18) d The function is derived.

[0071] where θ and are the polar and azimuthal angles in the hemisphere above the emitting element. Assuming that the reflection is uniform over all elements including the diffuse source, the total hemispherical radiant flux from a single element is also equal to the total reflected power P emitted from the diffuse source. d (W), divided by the total surface area A of the diffuse source d (m 2 ), the formula is as follows:

[0072] In one embodiment, in step S4, a preset safety impact analysis model combines the retinal irradiance of specular reflection and the retinal irradiance of diffuse reflection to analyze the aviation safety impact factor value corresponding to the glint and glare of the specular reflection of the focusing reflector. Specifically, the safety impact factor is K, the aviation safety impact factor value is I, and the preset safety impact analysis model is shown in formula (18) and formula (19):

[0073] E r,d is the retinal irradiance of specular or diffuse reflection; E runway is the retinal irradiance of the airport runway surface, E taxiway E is the retinal irradiance of the airport taxiway or vertical connecting road surface; lim The exposure limit for the skin surface or cornea.

[0074] By adopting the above technical solution, in order to combine the retinal irradiance of specular reflection and diffuse reflection with the actual situation of airport safety operation, the present application constructs a safety impact analysis model for aviation safety impact. In this embodiment, the safety impact analysis model mainly analyzes the impact of flicker and glare on pilots in aircraft landing along the glide path and the impact of flicker and glare on pilots in aircraft taxiing on the ground. The aviation safety impact factor value I corresponding to the flicker and glare of the specular reflection of the focusing reflector is calculated by formula (18) and formula (19); specifically, when I<1, it can be considered that the flicker and glare of the distributed photovoltaic power generation project have an acceptable impact on aviation safety; when I>1, it can be considered that the flicker and glare of the distributed photovoltaic power generation project have an unacceptable impact on aviation safety; the smaller I is, the smaller the impact of the flicker and glare of the distributed photovoltaic power generation project on aviation safety.

[0075] In a practical application, according to the definition of retinal thermal damage in relevant national standards and the exposure limit E for the skin surface or cornea, lim The impact of flicker and glare on pilots of aircraft landing along the glide path is defined as the aviation safety impact factor I. The aviation safety impact factor value I calculated by formula (19) is used to analyze the impact of flicker and glare on pilots of civil aviation airport runway pavement retinal irradiance, airport taxiway or vertical connecting road pavement retinal irradiance, so as to facilitate the analysis of the impact of flicker and glare of distributed photovoltaic power generation projects on aviation safety during airport operation.

[0076] It should be understood that the serial numbers of the steps in the above embodiments do not imply the order of execution. The order of execution of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application.

[0077] In one embodiment, a system for evaluating the impact of flicker and glare of photovoltaic panels on aviation safety is provided. The system for evaluating the impact of flicker and glare of photovoltaic panels on aviation safety corresponds to the method for evaluating the impact of flicker and glare of photovoltaic panels on aviation safety in the above-mentioned embodiment.

[0078] A system for assessing the impact of photovoltaic panel flicker and glare on aviation safety includes a specular reflection analysis module, a visual impact assessment module, a diffuse reflection analysis module, and an aviation safety factor analysis module. Detailed descriptions of each functional module are as follows: The specular reflection analysis module is used to calculate the beam irradiance of sunlight reflected from a focusing reflector at different distances from a photovoltaic panel using a preset specular reflection analysis model, and the corresponding solar reflection image size observed by the human eye. The visual impact assessment module is used to calculate the retinal irradiance of the human eye at different light source subtending angles and specular reflection based on different beam irradiances and solar reflection image sizes, and to assess the probability and risk of residual vision based on different light source subtending angles and corresponding retinal irradiances. The diffuse reflection analysis module is used to calculate the diffuse irradiance of sunlight at different diffuse source distances using a preset diffuse reflection analysis model, and to calculate the corresponding retinal irradiance of the human eye at diffuse reflection based on the diffuse irradiance. The aviation safety factor analysis module is used to analyze the aviation safety impact factor values ​​corresponding to the scintillation and glare of the focusing reflector using a preset safety impact analysis model, combining the retinal irradiance of specular reflection and the retinal irradiance of diffuse reflection.

[0079] Regarding the specific limitations of the system for evaluating the impact of flicker and glare from photovoltaic panels on aviation safety, please refer to the limitations of the method for evaluating the impact of flicker and glare from photovoltaic panels on aviation safety mentioned above, and will not be repeated here; the various modules in the above-mentioned system for evaluating the impact of flicker and glare from photovoltaic panels on aviation safety can be implemented in whole or in part through software, hardware, and a combination thereof; the above-mentioned modules can be embedded in or independent of the processor in the computer device in hardware form, or can be stored in the memory of the computer device in software form, so that the processor can call and execute the corresponding operations of the above-mentioned modules.

[0080] By adopting the above technical solution, the photovoltaic panels in the distributed photovoltaic power generation project include focusing reflectors in different types of focusing collectors (such as point focusing collectors and line focusing collectors). The focusing reflectors reflect sunlight and produce flicker and glare. In order to analyze the impact of flicker and glare caused by the reflection of photovoltaic panels on aviation safety, the mirror reflection analysis module first calculates the beam irradiance generated by the mirror solar reflection of the focusing reflector through the mirror reflection analysis model, and determines the size of the solar reflection image observed by the human eye in the focusing reflector at different distances between the sunlight and the focusing reflector; then, based on the different beam irradiances and the corresponding solar reflection image sizes, the light source subtending angle and the corresponding retinal irradiance are determined to evaluate the impact on the human eye. The probability and risk of residual vision vary with different light source angles and retinal irradiances. Furthermore, the flicker and glare generated by light source reflection include specular reflection and diffuse reflection. The diffuse reflection analysis model of the diffuse reflection analysis module calculates the diffuse irradiance received by sunlight at different diffuse source distances, and then determines the retinal irradiance of the diffusely reflected human eye based on the different diffuse irradiances. Then, the aviation safety factor analysis module analyzes the aviation safety impact factor values ​​corresponding to the flicker and glare generated by photovoltaic panels on pilots during flight by combining the aviation safety impact analysis model for airport safety operations, so as to achieve the effect of evaluating the impact of flicker and glare of photovoltaic panels of distributed photovoltaic power generation projects on aviation safety.

[0081] In one embodiment, as shown in FIG7 , a computer device is provided, which may be a server. The computer device includes a processor, a memory, a network interface, and a database connected via a system bus. The processor of the computer device is used to provide computing and control capabilities. The memory of the computer device includes a non-volatile storage medium and an internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores an operating system, a computer program, and a database. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and the computer program in the non-volatile storage medium. The database of the computer device is used to store model parameters of various analysis models and the calculated light source subtending angle and retinal irradiance. The network interface of the computer device is used to communicate with an external terminal via a network connection. When the computer program is executed by the processor, a method for evaluating the impact of flicker and glare of photovoltaic panels on aviation safety is implemented.

[0082] In one embodiment, a computer device is provided, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, the method for evaluating the impact of flicker and glare of photovoltaic panels on aviation safety as described above is implemented.

[0083] In one embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the following method for evaluating the impact of flicker and glare of photovoltaic panels on aviation safety as described above; the computer-readable storage medium is a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium.

[0084] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0085] (1) The photovoltaic panels in the distributed photovoltaic power generation project include focusing reflectors in different types of focusing collectors (such as point focusing collectors and line focusing collectors). The focusing reflectors reflect sunlight and produce flicker and glare. In order to analyze the impact of flicker and glare caused by the reflection of photovoltaic panels on aviation safety, the beam irradiance generated by the mirror solar reflection of the focusing reflector is first calculated through the mirror reflection analysis model, and the size of the solar reflection image observed by the human eye in the focusing reflector at different distances between the sunlight and the focusing reflector is determined; then, based on the different beam irradiances and the corresponding solar reflection image sizes, the light source subtending angle and the corresponding retinal irradiance are determined, so as to evaluate the impact on the human eye. The probability and risk of visual retention are different for different light source angles and retinal irradiances. Furthermore, the flicker and glare caused by light source reflection include specular reflection and diffuse reflection. The diffuse irradiance received by sunlight at different diffuse source distances is calculated through a diffuse reflection analysis model, and the retinal irradiance of the diffusely reflected human eye is determined based on the different diffuse irradiances. Then, the aviation safety impact factor values ​​corresponding to the flicker and glare caused by photovoltaic panels during flight are analyzed in combination with the aviation safety impact analysis model for safe airport operations, so as to achieve the effect of evaluating the impact of flicker and glare of photovoltaic panels of distributed photovoltaic power generation projects on aviation safety.

[0086] (2) Retinal irradiance E of the human eye caused by different light sources r The impact on human vision mainly includes retinal burns and residual vision. The effect of different light source angles ω on the size of the residual visual image in the human eye's field of view (i.e., the size of the solar reflection image, represented by the diameter dr of the image projected on the retina) is calculated using formula (10). For a given retinal irradiance, a larger light source angle will affect a larger retinal photosensitive area. As the light source angle increases, the safety threshold of the retinal irradiance will decrease accordingly. The retinal irradiance corresponding to permanent visual damage is further calculated using formula (12) as the retinal burn threshold E r,burn , so that the retinal burn threshold E r,burn The probability and risk of retinal burns are evaluated by the numerical value of ; and the threshold value of residual vision E is calculated by formula (13) r,flash , so that the threshold E of the visual residual is calculated r,flash Assess the effects of residual vision caused by flicker and glare.

[0087] (III) In order to combine the retinal irradiance of specular reflection and diffuse reflection with the actual situation of airport safety operation, this application constructs a safety impact analysis model for aviation safety. The safety impact analysis model mainly analyzes the impact of scintillation and glare on pilots in aircraft landing along the glide path and the impact of scintillation and glare on pilots in aircraft taxiing on the ground; according to the definition of retinal thermal damage in relevant national standards and the exposure limit value E for the skin surface or cornea, lim The impact of flicker and glare on pilots of aircraft landing along the glide path is defined as the aviation safety impact factor I. The aviation safety impact factor value I calculated by formula (19) is used to analyze the impact of flicker and glare on pilots of civil aviation airport runway pavement retinal irradiance, airport taxiway or vertical connecting road pavement retinal irradiance, so as to facilitate the analysis of the impact of flicker and glare of distributed photovoltaic power generation projects on aviation safety during airport operation.

[0088] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that for the sake of convenience and brevity of description, only the division of the above-mentioned functional units and modules is used as an example. In actual applications, the above-mentioned functions can be distributed and completed by different functional units and modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional units or modules to complete all or part of the functions described above.

[0089] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the features thereof may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present application, and should all be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for evaluating the impact of flicker and glare of photovoltaic panels on aviation safety, characterized in that: The method for evaluating the impact of flicker and glare of photovoltaic panels on aviation safety includes: The preset specular reflection analysis model calculates the irradiance of the beam reflected by the focusing mirror of the photovoltaic panel at different distances and the corresponding solar reflection image size observed by the human eye; Calculate different light source subtending angles and specularly reflected retinal irradiances of human eyes based on different light beam irradiances and solar reflected image sizes, and evaluate the probability and risk of residual vision based on different light source subtending angles and corresponding retinal irradiances; The preset diffuse reflection analysis model calculates the diffuse irradiance of sunlight at different diffuse source distances, and calculates the corresponding diffuse reflection retinal irradiance of the human eye based on the diffuse irradiance; The preset safety impact analysis model combines the retinal irradiance of specular reflection and the retinal irradiance of diffuse reflection to analyze the aviation safety impact factor values ​​corresponding to the glint and glare of the specular reflection of the focusing reflector.

2. The method for evaluating the impact of flicker and glare of photovoltaic panels on aviation safety according to claim 1, characterized in that: The focusing reflector mirror surface includes a point focusing reflector mirror surface and a line focusing reflector mirror surface, and the mirror reflection analysis model includes a point focusing reflection analysis model and a line focusing reflection analysis model; the preset mirror reflection analysis model calculates the irradiance of the beam reflected by the focusing reflector mirror surface in the photovoltaic panel at different distances and the corresponding solar reflection image size observed by the human eye, including: The preset point focus reflection analysis model and the preset line focus reflection analysis model respectively calculate the irradiance of the light beam reflected by the focusing reflector in the photovoltaic panel at different distances and the corresponding solar reflection image size observed by the human eye; The preset point focus reflection analysis model is shown in formula (1): Assume the reflectivity of the reflector is ρ, and the direct normal irradiance of sunlight is E DNI , the area concentration ratio of the point focusing reflector to the solar beam is C, and the beam irradiance is E beam The calculation formula is as follows: It is beam =ρE DNI C (1) Among them, the direct normal irradiance E on the earth's surface is DNI Set to 0.1W / cm 2 , assuming that the area of ​​the point focusing reflector is A h , with a radius of R h , the area of ​​the sunlight beam is A x , the beam radius of the light source cross section at distance x from the reflector is R x , the distance between the solar light source and the point focusing reflector is x, and the area concentration ratio C is calculated by formula (2):

3. The method for evaluating the impact of flicker and glare of photovoltaic panels on aviation safety according to claim 2, characterized in that: The beam radius R of the light source x including the beam divergence R1 and the focusing and defocusing characteristics R2 of the solar beam at distances less than or greater than the focal length b; The beam divergence R1 is calculated using formula (3): Where β / 2 is the half angle of divergence of the total solar beam; the focusing and defocusing characteristics R2 of the solar beam are calculated by formula (4): Where b is the focal length. Substituting the results of formula (2), formula (3), and formula (4) into formula (1), when β / 2 is small enough, the value of tan(β / 2) is approximately equal to β / 2, and the beam irradiance E of the point focusing reflector is beam The calculation formula (5) is as follows: Among them, the diameter of the mirror surface is D h =2R h .

4. The method for evaluating the impact of flicker and glare of photovoltaic panels on aviation safety according to claim 3, characterized in that: Assume that the point focusing reflector is an infinitely large plane reflector; then the effective diameter D of the reflector is h Calculated by formula (6): The solar reflection image size is calculated by formula (7): Among them, A spot is the area of ​​the reflected light spot image on the plane reflector observed by the human eye at a distance x from the plane reflector. The subscript flat indicates that the plane reflector is large enough so that the human eye can see the entire reflected image of the sun; d spot is the diameter of the image reflected on the plane mirror, ω spot is the angle of the sun's image reflected on the plane reflector observed from a specified distance; for an infinitely large plane reflector, the diameter of the reflected image of sunlight observed at a distance x from the plane reflector is set to xβ; The preset line focusing reflection analysis model is shown in formula (8) and formula (9):

5. The method for evaluating the impact of flicker and glare of photovoltaic panels on aviation safety according to claim 4, characterized in that: The risks of residual vision include retinal burns and potential residual vision; the retinal irradiance of the human eye with different light source subtending angles and specular reflections is calculated based on different beam irradiances and solar reflection image sizes, and the probability and risk of residual vision are evaluated based on different light source subtending angles and corresponding retinal irradiances, including: Let the diameter of the image projected onto the retina be d r ; The light source size is d s ; The radial distance between the human eye and the light source is r; The focal length of the human eye is f; The light source subtending angle ω is calculated by formula (10): d r =fω;ω=d s / r(10) Assume that the irradiance at the preretinal plane is E c ; Dielectric transmission coefficient τ of the human eye; Retinal irradiance E of the human eye r Calculated by formula (11): Among them, d p is the pupil diameter under daylight conditions; the retinal burn threshold E r,burn The calculation of is shown in formula (12): E r,burn =0.118 / ω,ω<0.118rad; E r,burn =1,ω≥0.118rad (12) Threshold E of potential visual retention r,flash The calculation of is shown in formula (13): The different light source angles ω and the corresponding retinal irradiance E r Substitute into formulas (12) and (13) to evaluate the probability and risk of visual retention.

6. The method for evaluating the impact of flicker and glare of photovoltaic panels on aviation safety according to claim 4, characterized in that: The preset diffuse reflection analysis model calculates the diffuse irradiance of sunlight at different diffuse source distances, and calculates the corresponding diffuse reflection retinal irradiance of the human eye based on the diffuse irradiance, including: Assume that the diffuse radiation L d It is uniform in all directions. At the radial distance r between the human eye and the light source, the diffuse irradiance received by the human eye is E d ; The preset diffuse reflection analysis model is shown in formula (14): Among them, P d is the total power reflected by the diffuse source, A s is the light source area; A s cos(θ) is the projection area of ​​the diffuse source perpendicular to the line of sight of the human eye; A d is the total area of ​​the diffuse source; the total power reflected by the diffuse source P d Calculated by formula (15): P d =E DNI TO d ρ d C ( 15 The calculation formula for the diffuse reflection light source angle ω and the diffuse retinal irradiance E r,d The calculation formula (17) is as follows:

7. The method for evaluating the impact of flicker and glare of photovoltaic panels on aviation safety according to claim 6, characterized in that: The preset safety impact analysis model combines the retinal irradiance of specular reflection and the retinal irradiance of diffuse reflection to analyze the aviation safety impact factor values ​​corresponding to the glint and glare of the specular reflection of the focusing reflector, including: The preset safety impact analysis model is shown in formula (18) and formula (19): Assume that the safety impact factor is K, the aviation safety impact factor value is I, E r,d is the retinal irradiance of specular or diffuse reflection; E runway is the retinal irradiance of the airport runway surface, E taxiway E is the retinal irradiance of the airport taxiway or vertical connecting road surface; lim The exposure limit for the skin surface or cornea; The aviation safety impact factor value I corresponding to the flicker and glare reflected by the focusing reflector is calculated by formula (18) and formula (19); the smaller I is, the smaller the impact of the flicker and glare of the photovoltaic panel on aviation safety is.

8. A system for evaluating the impact of flicker and glare of photovoltaic panels on aviation safety, characterized in that: The evaluation system for the impact of flicker and glare of photovoltaic panels on aviation safety includes: A specular reflection analysis module is used to calculate the irradiance of the beam of sunlight reflected by the focusing mirror in the photovoltaic panel at different distances and the size of the corresponding solar reflection image observed by the human eye using a preset specular reflection analysis model; A visual impact assessment module, used to calculate the retinal irradiance of the human eye with different light source subtending angles and specular reflection based on different light beam irradiances and solar reflection image sizes, and to assess the probability and risk of residual vision based on different light source subtending angles and corresponding retinal irradiances; A diffuse reflection analysis module, which is used to calculate the diffuse irradiance of sunlight at different diffuse source distances using a preset diffuse reflection analysis model, and obtain the corresponding diffuse reflection retinal irradiance of the human eye based on the diffuse irradiance; The aviation safety factor analysis module is used to analyze the aviation safety impact factor values ​​corresponding to the glint and glare of the mirror reflection of the focusing reflector by combining the retinal irradiance of the mirror reflection and the retinal irradiance of the diffuse reflection with the preset safety impact analysis model.

9. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that: When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the method for evaluating the impact of flicker and glare of photovoltaic panels on aviation safety are implemented as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method for evaluating the impact of flicker and glare of photovoltaic panels on aviation safety are implemented as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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