Stator for an electric machine, electric machine for driving a vehicle, and vehicle

Abstract

Proposed is a stator (1) having a stator core (2), which has a plurality of slots (6), and having a stator winding (7), which has N strands (U, V, W), where N ≥ 2; wherein – each strand (U, V, W) is formed by shaped conductors (8a, 8b) which have leg portions (9; 9a.1-12, 9b.1-12) arranged within the slots and which form a first and a second current path (15a, 15b); – the slots (6) are subdivided into first to L-th tiers (19a-d) which form first to (L / 2)-th double tiers (20a, b), and receiving spaces for each one of the strands (U, V, W) form 2·P winding zones having first to (2·P)-th winding zone indices (21a-f) in one circumferential direction and (2·P+1)-th to (4·P)-th winding zone indices (21g-l) in the opposite circumferential direction, where L ≥ 4 and is an even number, and P ≥ 2; – for all 0 ≤ b ≤ L / 2–1 and 1 ≤ c ≤ 2·P, the (2·P·b+c)-th leg portion (9a.1 bis 9a.12) of the first current path (15a) is arranged in the c-th winding zone index (21a-f) and in the (b+1)-th double tier (20a, b), and the (2·P·b+c)-th leg portion (9b.1-12) of the second current path (15b) is arranged in the (2·P+c)-th winding zone index (21g-l) and in the (L / 2–b)-th double tier (20a, b); – for all 1 ≤ d ≤ L·P / 2, the (2·d–1)-th and (2·d)-th leg portions (9a.1-12, 9b.1-12) of the first and second current paths (15a, b) are spaced apart from one another by N·q slots (6); – for all 1 ≤ f ≤ L / 2–1, the (2·f·P)-th and (2·f·P+1)-th leg portions (9a.6, 9a.7, 9b.6, 9b.7) are spaced apart from one another by N·q slots (6); and – for all 0 ≤ g ≤ L / 2–1 and all 1 ≤ i ≤ P–1, the (g·2·P+2·i)-th and (g·2·P+2·i+1)-th leg portions (9a.2-5, 9a.8-11, 9b.2-5, 9b.8-11) of the first and second current paths (15a, b) are spaced apart from one another by N·q–1 slots (6) if g has a specified first parity and are spaced apart from one another by N·q+1 slots (6) if g has a second parity that differs from the first parity.

Description

[0001] Stator for an electrical machine, electrical machine for driving a vehicle and vehicle

[0002] The present invention relates to a stator for an electric machine, an electric machine for driving a vehicle and a vehicle.

[0003] Stators with a stator winding made of shaped conductors have become the focus of industrial development efforts, particularly in the field of automotive drives. A key requirement is a symmetrical design of the stator winding to avoid rotor position-dependent compensating currents when operating an electrical machine with such a stator.

[0004] The invention is based on the object of providing a possibility for the symmetrical operation of an electrical machine with a stator winding formed from shaped conductors, which is particularly suitable for automotive use.

[0005] This object is achieved according to the invention by a stator for an electrical machine, comprising a stator core which has a longitudinal axis, two axially opposite end faces and a plurality of slots which extend from one of the end faces to the other of the end faces, and a stator winding which has a number N of strands, where N > 2; wherein each strand is formed by shaped conductors which have leg sections arranged within the slots and form connecting sections which each electrically conductively connect a pair of the leg sections to one another at the end faces; wherein the shaped conductors form a first current path and a second current path for each strand from the leg sections connected in series by means of the connecting sections;wherein the slots are subdivided into first to L-th layers, which are named according to their order in the radial direction and form first to (L / 2)-th double layers from the (2a)-th and (2a-1)-th layers for all 1 < a < L / 2, where L > 4 and is straight; wherein each slot in each of the layers forms a receiving space for one of the leg sections and the receiving spaces for a respective strand form 2-P winding zones, where P > 2;wherein the winding zones have first to (2-P)-th winding zone indices (21 a to 21 f) according to an order of the winding zones along a predetermined circumferential direction (22) and (2-P+1)-th to (4-P)-th winding zone indices (21 g to 21 1) according to an order of the winding zones along a circumferential direction (23) opposite to the predetermined circumferential direction (22), so that each winding zone has two winding zone indices and the first winding zone index (21 a) and the (2-P+1)-th winding zone index (21 g) designate the same winding zone; wherein the first current path and the second current path each comprise first to (LP)-th of the leg sections, which are named according to their order along the series connection;wherein for all 0 < b < L / 2-1 and all 1 < c < 2-P the (2-P-b+c)-th leg portion of the first current path is arranged in the winding zone with the c-th winding zone index and the (b+1)-th double layer and the (2-P-b+c)-th leg portion of the second current path is arranged in the winding zone with the (2-P+c)-th winding zone index and the (L / 2-b)-th double layer; wherein for all 1 < d < LP / 2 the (2-d-1)-th and (2-d)-th leg portions of the first and second current paths are spaced Nq slots apart, where q is a natural number and q > 2; where for all 1 < f < L / 2-1 the (2-fP)-th and (2-f-P+1 )-th leg sections are spaced Nq grooves apart;where for all 0 < g < L / 2-1 and all 1 < i < P-1, the (g-2-P+2-i)-th and (g-2-P+2-i+1 )-th leg portions of the first and second current paths are spaced Nq-1 slots apart when g has a predetermined first parity, and Nq+1 slots apart when g has a second parity different from the first parity.;

[0006] The stator according to the invention for an electrical machine has a stator core. The stator core has a longitudinal axis, two end faces, and a plurality of slots. The end faces are axially opposite one another. The slots extend from one of the end faces to the other of the end faces. The stator according to the invention further has a stator winding. The stator winding has a number N of strands, where N > 2. Each strand is formed by shaped conductors. The shaped conductors have leg sections. The leg sections are arranged within the slots. The shaped conductors form connecting sections. The connecting sections each electrically connect a pair of leg sections to one another at the end faces. For each strand, the shaped conductors form a first current path and a second current path from the leg sections connected in series by means of the connecting sections.

[0007] The grooves are divided into first to L-th layers, where L > 4 and is even. The layers are named according to their radial sequence. The layers form first to (L / 2)-th double layers from the (2a)-th and (2a-1)-th layers for all 1 < a < L / 2. Each groove forms a receiving location for one of the leg sections in each of the layers. The receiving locations form 2-P winding zones for a respective strand, where P > 2. The winding zones have first to (2-P)-th winding zone indices according to a sequence of the winding zones along a predetermined circumferential direction and (2-P+1)-th to (4-P)-th winding zone indices according to a sequence of the winding zones along a circumferential direction opposite to the predetermined circumferential direction, so that each winding zone has two winding zone indices and the first winding zone index (21 a) and the (2-P+1)-th winding zone index (21 g) designate the same winding zone.

[0008] The first current path and the second current path each comprise the first through (LP)-th leg sections. The first through (LP)-th leg sections are named according to their order along the series circuit. For all 0 < b < L / 2—1 and all 1 < c < 2-P, the (2-P-b+c)-th leg section of the first current path is located in the winding zone with the c-th winding zone index and the (b+1)-th double layer. The (2-P-b+c)-th leg section of the second current path is located in the winding zone with the (2-P+c)-th winding zone index and the (L / 2-b)-th double layer.

[0009] For all 1 < d < LP / 2, the (2-d-1 )-th and (2-d)-th leg sections of the first and second current paths are spaced Nq slots apart, where q is a natural number and q > 2. For all 1 < f < L / 2-1, the (2-fP)-th and (2-f-P+1 )-th leg sections are spaced Nq slots apart. For all 0 < g < L / 2-1 and all 1 < i < P-1, the (g-2-P+2-i)-th and (g-2-P+2-i+1 )-th leg sections of the first and second current paths are spaced Nq-1 slots apart when g has a predetermined first parity. The (g-2-P+2-i)-th and (g-2-P+2-i+1 )-th leg portions of the first and second current paths are N-q+1 slots apart when g has a second parity different from the first parity.

[0010] The invention is based on the idea of ​​achieving the symmetry of the stator winding in that the leg sections connected on one of the end faces, namely the (2-d-1 )-th and (2-d)-th leg sections, and the leg sections arranged in different double layers and connected on the other of the end faces, namely the (2-fP)-th and (2-f-P+1 )-th leg sections, have a spacing of Nq slots. In addition, those leg sections that are connected on the other end face and are located in the same double layer, namely the (g-2-P+2-i)-th and (g-2-P+2-i+1 )-th leg sections, change their spacing from double layer to double layer between Nq-1 slots and N-q+1 slots, i.e. depending on the parity of the running index g. It can be provided that the first parity is even and the second parity is odd, or that the first parity is odd and the second parity is even.

[0011] The terms "axial," "axial direction," "radial," "radial direction," and "circumferential direction" refer to the longitudinal axis. The specified circumferential direction can be clockwise or counterclockwise when viewed from one of the end faces.

[0012] The stator core is formed, in particular, from a plurality of individual laminations arranged in axial layers and / or electrically insulated from one another. In this respect, the stator core can also be considered or referred to as a stator core stack. The slots typically extend axially within the stator core. The number of phases is preferably exactly three or exactly six. The phases can be connected as a star connection or a delta connection. In particular, a connection device is provided for connecting the phases as a star connection or a delta connection. The current path typically forms a wave winding.

[0013] The number of layers is preferably at most sixteen, particularly preferably at most twelve. In a preferred embodiment, L is exactly four, six, or eight. The first layer can be the radially outermost or the radially innermost of the layers. q can also be understood as the number of slots per pole and phase. In other words, the stator core can have a total of 2-PqN slots. In particular, q > 3.

[0014] Particularly preferably, q is an odd number. In particular, q = 3 or q = 5. An odd number of holes often places high demands on the realization of a symmetrical stator winding, which the stator according to the invention meets. It is particularly preferred that P = q.

[0015] A winding zone is understood, in particular, to be a contiguous group of receiving locations that accommodate leg sections belonging to the same phase and through which current flows in the same direction when an N-phase alternating voltage is applied to the stator winding. Each winding zone preferably extends over exactly q slots.

[0016] It is also preferred if L and P are relatively prime. In this case, too, the stator allows for a symmetrical design of the stator winding.

[0017] Preferably, the first leg section of the first current path is arranged in the first layer. Alternatively or additionally, the first leg section of the second current path can be arranged in the Lth layer. Furthermore, the (LP)th leg section of the first current path can be arranged in the Lth layer. The (LP)th leg section of the second current path is preferably arranged in the first layer.

[0018] In detail, it can be provided that two leg sections of the first current path and the second current path which are directly consecutive with respect to the series connection are arranged in layers of different parity.

[0019] Preferably, the first and second current paths are connected in parallel.

[0020] In the stator according to the invention, it can further be provided that the first and the second current path form a first group and each strand further comprises second to P-th groups, the leg sections of which are arranged relative to one another in a manner corresponding to the first group, the j-th group being offset from the first group by 2-Nq-(j—1) slots along the opposite circumferential direction, where 2 < j < P. The P groups can be connected in parallel.

[0021] In the stator according to the invention, it is preferably provided that a respective connecting section on a first of the end faces is formed integrally with the leg sections connected by it. A respective connecting section on a second of the end faces can be formed by electrically conductive and mechanical connection of the leg sections connected by it. The connection can be made by means of a material bond, for example, by welding.

[0022] The first and second leg sections can be connected to one another by a connecting section on the second end face, and the leg sections following one another in the series connection can be alternately connected to one another at the first and second end faces. The object underlying the invention is further achieved by an electric machine for driving a vehicle, comprising a rotor and a stator according to the invention, wherein the rotor is rotatably mounted relative to the stator. The electric machine can be a synchronous machine. The rotor can be permanently excited or electrically excited. Alternatively, the electric machine can be an asynchronous machine.

[0023] The object underlying the invention is further achieved by a vehicle comprising an electric machine according to the invention for driving the vehicle. The vehicle can be a battery electric vehicle (BEV) or a hybrid vehicle.

[0024] All embodiments of the stator according to the invention can be transferred analogously to the electrical machine according to the invention and the vehicle according to the invention, so that the advantages described above can also be achieved with these.

[0025] Further advantages and details of the present invention will become apparent from the following drawings. These are schematic representations and show:

[0026] Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of the stator according to the invention;

[0027] Fig. 2 is a block diagram of the stator winding according to the first embodiment;

[0028] Fig. 3 shows a winding diagram of one of the strands according to the first embodiment; Fig. 4 shows a detailed illustration of the winding diagram of the current paths of the first group of the strand shown in Fig. 3 according to the first embodiment;

[0029] Fig. 5 is a winding diagram of the current paths of the first group of one of the strands according to a second embodiment of the stator according to the invention; and

[0030] Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a vehicle according to the invention with an embodiment of an electrical machine according to the invention.

[0031] Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a stator 1 .

[0032] The stator 1 has a stator core 2, which has a longitudinal axis 3, a first end face 4, and a second end face 5 opposite the end face 4. A plurality of circumferentially distributed slots 6 of the stator core 2 extend from the first end face 4 to the second end face 5, only three of which are schematically shown in Fig. 1. The stator core 2 is formed, by way of example, from a plurality of axially layered, electrically insulated individual laminations (not shown), so that it can also be referred to or considered a stator lamination stack.

[0033] The stator 1 further comprises a stator winding 7, which in the present exemplary embodiment has N = 3 strands U, V, W (see Fig. 2). Each strand U, V, W is formed by shaped conductors 8a, 8b, which have leg sections 9 arranged within the slots 6. The shaped conductors 8a, 8b further form first connecting sections 10a on the first end face 4 and second connecting sections 10b on the second end face 5. Each connecting section 10a, 10b connects a pair of leg sections 9 arranged in different slots 6. The connecting sections 10a, 10b on a respective end face 4, 5 form a winding head 12, 13 on the corresponding end face 4, 5. In detail, shaped conductors of the first type 8a and shaped conductors of the second type 8b are provided. The first type of shaped conductors 8a each have two leg sections 9 which are formed integrally with the connecting section 10a connecting them on the first end face 4.The second-type pre-shaped conductors 8b have only one leg section 9 and one connection section 11 on the first end face 4. On the second end face 5, the connecting sections 10b are formed by mechanically and electrically conductively connecting the leg sections 9 of two pre-shaped conductors 8a, 8b. Only one first-type pre-shaped conductor 8a and one second-type pre-shaped conductor 8b are fully illustrated in Fig. 1. Another first-type pre-shaped conductor 8a, which, together with the fully illustrated first-type pre-shaped conductor 8a, forms one of the second connecting sections 10b on the second end face 5, is partially illustrated. The first-type pre-shaped conductors 8a can also be referred to as U-pins, and the second-type pre-shaped conductors 8b as I-pins.

[0034] Fig. 2 is a block diagram of the stator winding 7 according to the first embodiment.

[0035] In the present exemplary embodiment, each phase U, V, W has a number of groups 14a, 14b, 14c corresponding to the number of pole pairs P = 3, each consisting of a first current path 15a and a second current path 15b. Each current path 15a, 15b is formed from the leg sections 9 connected in series by means of the connecting sections 10, 11. By means of a connecting device 16, which is only shown schematically in Fig. 1, the current paths 15a, 15b of all groups 14a, 14b, 14c of a respective phase U, V, W are connected in parallel. The connecting device 16 also forms phase connections 17u, 17v, 17w, and the phases U, V, W are connected to form a star connection with a star point 18. According to alternative exemplary embodiments, the phases U, V, W are connected to form a delta connection. Fig. 3 is a winding diagram of one of the strands U according to the first embodiment.In an upper table, locations for the leg sections 9 of the phases U, V, W are represented by different hatching. The six lower tables show the respective winding diagrams of the groups 14a, 14b, 14c of the current paths 15a, 15b of the phase U. The connecting sections 10a on the first end face 4 are represented by dashed arrows between the locations in which the leg sections 9 connected by the respective connecting section 10a are arranged, and connecting sections 10b on the second end face 5 are represented by solid arrows between the locations in which the leg sections 9 connected by the respective connecting section 10b are arranged. A numbering of the slots 6 is shown between the upper table and the six lower tables.

[0036] Each of the grooves 6 is subdivided into an even number of L layers 19a to 19d, with L = 4 in the present exemplary embodiment. The layers 19a to 19d are named the first to sixth (= L-th) layers according to their order in the radial direction. For example, the first layer 19a is the innermost layer and the fourth layer 19d is the radially outermost layer. In addition, the grooves 6 are subdivided into (L / 2) double layers, i.e., a first double layer 20a and a second double layer 20b. The i-th double layer 20a, 20b is formed from the (2a)-th and (2a-1)-th layers 19a to 19d for all 1 < i < L / 2 = 2. This means that the first double layer 20a comprises the first layer 19a and the second layer 19b, and the second double layer 20b comprises the third layer 19c and the fourth layer 19d. In each groove 6, one of the layers 19a to 19f of the groove 6 forms a receiving location. Each cell thus represents a receiving location.

[0037] Each phase U, V, W is further arranged in 2-P winding zones within the slots 6. By way of example, in this exemplary embodiment, 2-P = 6 winding zones are provided per phase U, V, W. The number of winding zones of a phase U, V, W corresponds to the number of poles 2-P of the stator winding 9. In each winding zone, the leg sections will be traversed in the same direction of current when an N-phase alternating voltage is applied to the stator winding 9. In each individual layer 19a to 19f, a winding zone extends over q = 3 slots, so that in this case P = q.

[0038] Each winding zone of a respective phase U, V, W is provided in the present case with two winding zone indices 21 a to 21 f, 21 g to 21 l for a respective current path 15 a, 15 b. On the one hand, the winding zones have first to sixth (= 2-P-th) winding zone indices 21 a to 21 f according to their order along a predetermined circumferential direction 22, which is exemplarily counterclockwise with respect to the first end face 4 (see Fig. 1 ). On the other hand, the winding zones have seventh [= (2-P+1)-th] to twelfth [= 4-P-th] winding zone indices 21 g to 21 l according to their order along a circumferential direction 23 opposite to the predetermined circumferential direction 22, wherein the first and seventh winding zone indices 21 a, 21 g designate the same winding zone. In detail, this means

[0039] - that the first winding zone index 21 a and the seventh winding zone index 21 g designate the same winding zone,

[0040] - that the second winding zone index 21 b and the twelfth winding zone index 211 designate the same winding zone,

[0041] - that the third winding zone index 21 c and the eleventh winding zone index 21 k designate the same winding zone,

[0042] - that the fourth winding zone index 21 d and the tenth winding zone index 21 j designate the same winding zone,

[0043] - that the fifth winding zone index 21 e and the ninth winding zone index 21 i designate the same winding zone,

[0044] - that the sixth winding zone index 21 f and the eighth winding zone index 21 h designate the same winding zone.

[0045] Fig. 4 is a detailed illustration of the winding diagram of the first and second current paths 15a, 15b of the first group 14a of phase U. For clarity, the current paths 15a, 15b are shown in separate tables. The first current path 15a comprises the first to twelfth (=LP-th) leg sections 9a.1 to 9a.12, which are named according to their sequence along the series circuit. The second current path 15b comprises the first to twelfth (=LP-th) leg sections 9b.1 to 9b.12, which are named according to their sequence along the series circuit.

[0046] For all 0 < b < 1 = L / 2-1 and all 1 < c < 6 = 2-P the following applies: the (2-P-b+c)-th leg section of the first current path 15a is arranged in the winding zone with the c-th winding zone index and the (b+1 )-th double layer and

[0047] - the (2-P-b+c)-th leg section of the second current path 15b is arranged in the winding zone with the (2-P+c)-th winding zone index and the [(L / 2)—b]-th double layer.

[0048] The arrangement of the leg sections 9a.1 to 9a.12, 9b.1 to 9b.12 in the double layers 20a, 20b and the winding zones with the corresponding winding zone indices 21a to 21f, 21g to 211 are shown in the following two tables:

[0049] bc 2-P-b+c (2-P-b+c)-ter (b+1)-te c-ter

[0050] Leg section double layer winding zone index

[0051] 0 1 1 9a.1 20a 21a

[0052] 0 2 2 9a.2 20a 21b

[0053] 0 3 3 9a.3 20a 21c

[0054] 0 4 4 9a.4 20a 21 d

[0055] 0 5 5 9a.5 20a 21 e

[0056] 0 6 6 9a.6 20a 21 f

[0057] 1 1 7 9a.7 20b 21a

[0058] 1 2 8 9a.8 20b 21b

[0059] 1 3 9 9a.9 20b 21c

[0060] 1 4 10 9a.1O 20b 21d

[0061] 1 5 11 9a.11 20b 21 e

[0062] 1 6 12 9a.12 20b 21f b c 2-P-b+c (2-P-b+c)-ter [(L / 2)— b]-te (2-P+c)-ter

[0063] Beinabschnitt Doppellage Wicklungszonenindex

[0064] 0 1 1 9b.1 20b 21g

[0065] 0 2 2 9b.2 20b 21 h

[0066] 0 3 3 9b.3 20b 21 i

[0067] 0 4 4 9b.4 20b 21j

[0068] 0 5 5 9b.5 20b 21k

[0069] 0 6 6 9b.6 20b 211

[0070] 1 1 7 9b.7 20a 21g

[0071] 1 2 8 9b.8 20a 21 h

[0072] 1 3 9 9b.9 20a 21 i

[0073] 1 4 10 9b.1O 20a 21j

[0074] 1 5 11 9b.11 20a 21k

[0075] 1 6 12 9b.12 20a 211 Furthermore, for both current paths 15a, 15b, for all 1 < d < 6 = LP / 2, the (2-d-1 )-th and (2-d)-th leg sections are spaced apart from each other by nine (= Nq) grooves 6. In the present case, these are the leg sections 9a.1 to 9a.12, 9b.1 to 9b.12, which are connected to each other by second connecting sections 10b on the second end face 5, as can be seen from the following table: d (2-d-1 )-th (2-d)-th

[0076] Leg section Leg section

[0077] 1 9a.1 / 9b.1 9a.2 / 9b.2

[0078] 2 9a.3 / 9b.3 9a.4 / 9b.4

[0079] 3 9a.5 / 9b.5 9a.6 / 9b.6

[0080] 4 9a.7 / 9b.7 9a.8 / 9b.8

[0081] 5 9a.9 / 9b.9 9a.10 / 9b.10

[0082] 6 9a.11 / 9b.11 9a.12 / 9b.12

[0083] Furthermore, for all 1 < f < L / 2-1, the (2-fP)-th and (2-f-P+1)-th leg sections are spaced apart from each other by nine (= Nq) grooves 6. Since in the present embodiment L / 2-1 = 1, for f = 1 this relates to the distance between the sixth (= 1 -2-P-th) and seventh (= 1 -2-P+1 -th) leg sections 9a.6, 9a.7 and 9b.6, 9b.7, respectively. These are consequently leg sections 9a.6, 9a.7, 9b.6, 9b.7 that are arranged in different double layers 20a, 20b. In the present embodiment, these leg sections 9a.6, 9a.7, 9b.6, 9b.7 are connected by first connecting sections 10a on the first end face 4.

[0084] Furthermore, for all 0 < g < 1 = L / 2-1 and all 1 < i < 2 = P-1 , the (g-2-P+2-i)-th and (g-2-P+2-i+1 )-th leg sections are spaced eight (= Nq-1 ) slots 6 apart from each other when g has a predetermined first parity, and ten (= Nq+1 ) slots 6 apart from each other when g has a second parity different from the first parity. In the present embodiment, the first parity is even. The second parity is therefore odd. The resulting distances are shown in the following two tables: gi (g-2-P+2-i)-th (g-2- P+2- i+1 )-th distance

[0085] Leg section Leg section

[0086] 0 1 9a.2 / 9b.2 9a.3 / 9b.3 Nq-1 = 8

[0087] 0 2 9a.4 / 9b.4 9a.5 / 9b.5 Nq-1 = 8

[0088] 1 1 9a.8 / 9b.8 9a.9 / 9b.9 N-q+1 =10

[0089] 1 2 9a.10 / 9 9b.10 9a.1 1 / 9b.1 1 N-q+1 =10

[0090] With regard to the arrangement of the leg sections 9a.1 to 9a.12, 9b.1 to 9b.12 in the layers 19a to 19d, it is provided that the first leg section 9a.1 of the first current path 15a is arranged in the first layer 19a, the twelfth (= LP-th) leg section 9a.12 of the first current path 15a is arranged in the fourth (= L-th) layer 19d,

[0091] - the first leg section 9b.1 of the second current path 15b is arranged in the fourth (= L-th layer) layer 19d and

[0092] - the twelfth (= LP-th) leg section 9b.12 of the second current path 15b is arranged in the first layer 19a.

[0093] In addition, two leg sections 9a.1 to 9a.12, 9b.1 to 9b.12, which are directly consecutive with respect to the series connection, are arranged in layers 19a to 19d of different parity.

[0094] Referring again to Fig. 3, it can be seen that the structure of the second and third groups 14b, 14c corresponds to that of the first group 14a except for an offset in the circumferential direction. For 2 < j < P, the j-th current path 14b, 14c is offset from the first current path 14a by 2-Nq-(j—1) grooves 6 along the opposite circumferential direction 23. This means that the second current path 14b is offset by eighteen (= 2-Nq-1) grooves 6 along the opposite circumferential direction 23 and the third current path 14c is offset by thirty-six (= 2-Nq-2) grooves 6 along the opposite circumferential direction 23.

[0095] Fig. 5 is a detailed illustration of the winding diagram of the first and second current paths 15a, 15b of the first group 14a of the phase U according to a second embodiment of the stator 1. Except for the deviations described below, all information about the first embodiment can be transferred to the second embodiment.

[0096] According to the second embodiment, each of the grooves 6 is divided into six (= L) layers 19a to 19f, with the first layer 19a being the innermost layer and the sixth layer 19f being the radially outermost layer, as an example. Accordingly, three double layers 20a, 20b, 20c are provided, with the third double layer 20c comprising the fifth layer 20e and the sixth layer 20f.

[0097] Accordingly, the first current path 15a comprises the first to eighteenth (=LP-th) leg sections 9a.1 to 9a.18, which are named according to their order along the series circuit. The second current path 15b comprises the first to eighteenth (=4-LP-th) leg sections 9b.1 to 9b.18, which are named according to their order along the series circuit.

[0098] For all 0 < b < 2 = L / 2-1 and all 1 < c < 6 = 2-P, the following arrangement of the leg sections 9a.1 to 9a.18, 9b.1 to 9b.18 in the double layers 20a, 20b, 20c and the winding zones with the corresponding winding zone indices 21a to 21f, 21g to 211 results:

[0099] bc 2-P-b+c (2-P-b+c)-ter (b+1)-te c-ter

[0100] Leg section double layer winding zone index

[0101] 0 1 1 9a.1 20a 21a

[0102] 0 2 2 9a.2 20a 21b

[0103] 0 3 3 9a.3 20a 21c

[0104] 0 4 4 9a.4 20a 21 d

[0105] 0 5 5 9a.5 20a 21 e

[0106] 0 6 6 9a.6 20a 21 f

[0107] 1 1 7 9a.7 20b 21a

[0108] 1 2 8 9a.8 20b 21b

[0109] 1 3 9 9a.9 20b 21c

[0110] 1 4 10 9a.1O 20b 21d

[0111] 1 5 11 9a.11 20b 21 e

[0112] 1 6 12 9a.12 20b 21f

[0113] 2 1 13 9a.13 20c 21a

[0114] 2 2 14 9a.14 20c 21b

[0115] 2 3 15 9a.15 20c 21c

[0116] 2 4 16 9a.16 20c 21d

[0117] 2 5 17 9a.17 20c 21e

[0118] 2 6 18 9a.18 20c 21f

[0119] b c 2-P-b+c (2-P-b+c)-ter [(L / 2)— b]-te (2-P+c)-ter

[0120] Beinabschnitt Doppellage Wicklungszonenindex

[0121] 0 1 1 9b.1 20b 21g

[0122] 0 2 2 9b.2 20b 21h

[0123] 0 3 3 9b.3 20b 21 i

[0124] 0 4 4 9b.4 20b 21j

[0125] 0 5 5 9b.5 20b 21k

[0126] 0 6 6 9b.6 20b 211

[0127] 1 1 7 9b.7 20a 21g

[0128] 1 2 8 9b.8 20a 21h

[0129] 1 3 9 9b.9 20a 21 i

[0130] 1 4 10 9b.10 20a 21j

[0131] 1 5 11 9b.11 20a 21k

[0132] 1 6 12 9b.12 20c 211

[0133] 2 1 13 9b.13 20c 21g

[0134] 2 2 14 9b.14 20c 21h

[0135] 2 3 15 9b.15 20c 21 i

[0136] 2 4 16 9b.16 20c 21j

[0137] 2 5 17 9b.17 20c 21k

[0138] 2 6 18 9b.18 20c 211

[0139] In addition, for all 1 < d < 9 = LP / 2, the following leg sections are spaced nine (= Nq) grooves 6 apart:

[0140] d (2-d-1)-ter (2-d)-ter

[0141] Leg section Leg section

[0142] 1 9a.1 / 9b.1 9a.2 / 9b.2

[0143] 2 9a.3 / 9b.3 9a.4 / 9b.4

[0144] 3 9a.5 / 9b.5 9a.6 / 9b.6

[0145] 4 9a.7 / 9b.7 9a.8 / 9b.8

[0146] 5 9a.9 / 9b.9 9a.10 / 9b.10

[0147] 6 9a.11 / 9b.11 9a.12 / 9b.12

[0148] 7 9a.13 / 9b.13 9a.14 / 9b.14

[0149] 8 9a.15 / 9b.15 9a.16 / 9b.16

[0150] 9 9a.17 / 9b.17 9a.18 / 9b.18

[0151] In addition, for all 1 < f < L / 2-1 = 2, the following leg sections are spaced nine (= Nq) grooves 6 apart: f (2-fP)-th (2-f-P+1)-th

[0152] Leg section Leg section

[0153] 1 9a.6 / 9b.6 9a.7 / 9b.7

[0154] 2 9a.12 / 9b.12 9a.13 / 9b.13

[0155] In addition, for all 0 < g < 2 = L / 2-1 and all 1 < i < 2 = P-1 and even first parity, the following distances result: gi (g-2-P+2-i)-th (g-2- P+2- i+1 )-th distance

[0156] Leg section Leg section

[0157] 0 1 9a.2 / 9b.2 9a.3 / 9b.3 Nq-1 = 8

[0158] 0 2 9a.4 / 9b.4 9a.5 / 9b.5 Nq-1 = 8

[0159] 1 1 9a.8 / 9b.1O 9a.9 / 9b.9 N-q+1 =10

[0160] 1 2 9a.10 / 9b.10 9a.11 / 9b.11 N-q+1 =10

[0161] 2 1 9a.14 / 9b.14 9a.15 / 9b.15 Nq-1 = 8

[0162] 2 2 9a.16 / 9b.16 9a.17 / 9b.17 Nq-1 = 8 With regard to the arrangement of the leg sections 9a.1 to 9a.18, 9b.1 to 9b.18 in the layers 19a to 19d, it is provided that the first leg section 9a.1 of the first current path 15a is arranged in the first layer 19a, the eighteenth (= LP-th) leg section 9a.18 of the first current path 15a is arranged in the sixth (= L-th) layer 19f, the first leg section 9b.1 of the second current path 15b is arranged in the sixth (= L-th) layer 19f and the eighteenth (= LP-th) leg section 9b.18 of the second current path 15b is arranged in the first layer 19a.

[0163] The previous statements can be applied analogously to stators with more than six layers, for example eight, ten or twelve layers.

[0164] Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a vehicle 100 with an embodiment of an electric machine 101.

[0165] The electric machine 101, for example a permanent or electrically excited synchronous motor or an asynchronous motor, has a stator 1 according to one of the previously described embodiments and a rotor 102. The rotor 102 is rotatably mounted with respect to the stator 1.

[0166] The vehicle 100 further includes wheels 103. The electric machine 101 is configured to drive at least one of the wheels 103 indirectly, for example, via a transmission (not shown), or directly, for example, in the form of a wheel hub motor. The vehicle 100 may further include an axle (not shown) coupled to the wheel 103, which directly or indirectly drives the electric machine 101 of the vehicle 101.

[0167] Vehicle 100 is a battery electric vehicle (BEV), a fuel cell-powered vehicle, or a hybrid vehicle. In the latter case, vehicle 100 further includes an internal combustion engine (not shown).

Claims

Patent claims 1 . Stator (1) for an electrical machine (101), comprising a stator core (2) which has a longitudinal axis (3), two axially opposite end faces (4, 5) and a plurality of slots (6) which extend from one of the end faces (4) to the other of the end faces (5), and a stator winding (7) which has a number N of strands (U, V, W), where N > 2; wherein each strand (U, V, W) is formed by shaped conductors (8a, 8b) which have leg sections (9; 9a.1 to 9a.12, 9b.1 to 9b.12; 9a.1 to 9a.18, 9b.1 to 9b.18) arranged within the grooves and form connecting sections (10a, 10b) which each electrically conductively connect a pair of the leg sections (9; 9a.1 to 9a.12, 9b.1 to 9b.12; 9a.1 to 9a.18, 9b.1 to 9b.18) to one another at the end faces (4, 5); wherein the shaped conductors (8) for each strand (U, V, W) are made up of the leg sections (9; 9a.1 to 9a.12, 9b.1 to 9b.12; 9a.1 to 9a.18, 9b.1 to 9b.18) form a first current path (15a) and a second current path (15b); wherein the grooves (6) are subdivided into first to L-th layers (19a to 19d; 19a to 19f), which are named according to their order in the radial direction and form first to (L / 2)-th double layers (20a, 20b; 20a, 20b, 20c) from the (2a)-th and (2a-1)-th layers for all 1 < a < L / 2, where L > 4 and is even; wherein each groove (6) in each of the layers (19a to 19d; 19a to 19f) forms a receiving location for one of the leg sections (9; 9a.1 to 9a.12, 9b.1 to 9b.12; 9a.1 to 9a.18, 9b.1 to 9b.18) and the receiving locations for a respective strand (U, V, W) form 2-P winding zones, where P > 2; where. - the winding zones first to (2-P)-th winding zone indices (21 a to 21 f) according to a sequence of the winding zones along a predetermined circumferential direction (22) and (2-P+1)-th to (4-P)-th winding zone indices (21 g to 21 1) according to a sequence of the winding zones along a circumferential direction opposite to the predetermined circumferential direction (22) (23), so that each winding zone has two winding zone indices and the first winding zone index (21 a) and the (2-P+1)-th winding zone index (21 g) designate the same winding zone; the first current path (15a) and the second current path (15b) each comprise the first to (LP)-th of the leg sections (9; 9a.1 to 9a.12, 9b.1 to 9b.12; 9a.1 to 9a.18, 9b.1 to 9b.18), which are named according to their order along the series circuit; where for all 0 < b < L / 2-1 and all 1 < c < 2-P the (2-P-b+c)-th leg section (9a.1 to 9a.12; 9a.1 to 9a.18) of the first current path (15a) in the winding zone with the c-th winding zone index (21 a to 21 f) and the (b+1 )-th double layer (20a, 20b; 20a 20b, 20c) and the (2-P-b+c)-th leg section (9b.1 to 9b.12; 9b.1 to 9b.18) of the second current path (15b) are arranged in the winding zone with the (2-P+c)-th winding zone index (21g to 211) and the (L / 2-b)-th double layer (20a, 20b; 20a, 20b, 20c); wherein for all 1 < d < LP / 2, the (2-d-1)-th and (2-d)-th leg sections (9a.1 to 9a.12, 9b.1 to 9b.12; 9a.1 to 9a.18, 9b.1 to 9b.18) of the first and second current paths (15a, 15b) are spaced apart from each other by Nq slots (6), where q is a natural number and q > 2; where for all 1 < f < L / 2-1 the (2-fP)-th and (2-f-P+1 )-th leg sections (9a.6, 9a.7, 9b.6, 9b.7; 9a.6, 9a.7, 9a.12, 9a.13, 9b.6, 9b.7, 9b.12, 9b.13) are spaced apart from each other by Nq grooves (6); where for all 0 < g < L / 2-1 and all 1 < i < P-1 the (g-2-P+2-i)-th and (g-2-P+2-i+1 )-th leg segments (9a.2 to 9a.5, 9a.8 to 9a.11 , 9b.2 to 9b.5, 9b.8 to 9b.1 1 ; 9a.2 to 9a.5, 9a.8 to 9a.1 1 , 9a.14 to 9a.17, 9b.2 to 9b.5, 9b.8 to 9b.1 1 , 9b.14 to 9b.17) of the first and second current paths (15a, 15b) Nq-1 slots (6) are spaced apart from each other when g has a predetermined first parity, and N-q+1 slots (6) are spaced apart from each other when g has a second parity different from the first parity.

2. Stator according to claim 1, wherein the first leg section (9a.1) of the first current path is arranged in the first layer (19a) and / or the first leg section (9b.1) of the second current path (15b) is arranged in the L-th layer (19d; 19f).

3. Stator according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the (LP)-th leg portion (9a.12; 9a.18) of the first current path (15a) is arranged in the L-th layer (19a; 19f) and / or the (LP)-th leg portion (9b.12; 9b.18) of the second current path (15b) is arranged in the first layer (19a).

4. Stator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein two leg sections (9; 9a.1 to 9a.12, 9b.1 to 9b.12; 9a.1 to 9a.18, 9b.1 to 9b.18) of the first current path (15a) and the second current path (15b) which follow one another directly with respect to the series connection are arranged in layers (19a to 19d; 19a to 19f) of different parity.

5. Stator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first and second current paths (15a, 15b) are connected in parallel.

6. Stator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first and second current paths (15a, 15b) form a first group (14a) and each strand (U, V, W) further comprises second to P-th groups (14b, 14c) whose leg sections (9) are arranged relative to one another in correspondence with the first group (14a), the j-th group (14b, 14c) being offset from the first group (14a) by 2-Nq-(j—1) slots (6) along the opposite circumferential direction (23), where 2 < j < P.

7. Stator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein P and L are relatively prime.

8. Stator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein q is odd.

9. Stator according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a respective connecting section (10a) on a first of the end faces (4) is formed integrally with the leg sections (9; 9a.1 to 9a.12, 9b.1 to 9b.12; 9a.1 to 9a.18, 9b.1 to 9b.18) connected by it, and a respective connecting section (10b) on a second of the end faces (5) is formed by electrically conductive and mechanical connection of the leg sections connected by it, wherein the first and second leg sections (9a.1, 9a.2, 9b.1, 9b.2) are connected to one another by a connecting section (10b) on the second end face (5), and the leg sections (9a.3 to 9a.12, 9b.3 to 9b.12; 9a.3 to 9a.18) following the series connection 9b.3 to 9b.18) are alternately connected to each other at the first and second end faces (4, 5).

10. An electric machine (101) for driving a vehicle (100), comprising a rotor (102) and a stator (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the rotor (102) is mounted rotatably with respect to the stator (1).

11. Vehicle (100) comprising an electric machine (101) according to claim 10 for driving the vehicle (100).

Images