Method for balancing the phases of a multiphase electrical power supply, and system for implementing same

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for generating at least one item of information relating to the balancing of the phases of a power supply input (P), comprising: a. at least for each electrical output (Di), and preferably also for the power supply input (P), a step (E1) of measuring the currents of the various phases using a measuring device (30), in particular a measuring device arranged around the corresponding one or more conductors (34), this measurement being performed, in particular continuously, over a predefined period, the measurements being transmitted to a processing system (40); b. a step (E2) of generating, by the processing system (40), on the basis of the measurements, at least one item of information indicating the phase balancing of the power supply input and / or indicating at least one swap to be performed between two phases of at least one output (Di), wherein this swap serves to improve the phase balance of the power supply input (P).

Description

[0001] DescriptionTitle: Method for balancing the phases of a polyphase electrical current supply, and system for its implementation Technical field The present invention relates to the distribution of electrical energy from polyphase networks. Prior art The transmission of electricity, in particular low and medium voltage, to end consumers (in particular residential, tertiary or small industrial customers) is generally carried out with polyphase alternating currents, generally three-phase. It is desirable for the phases to be balanced, that is to say that the currents which flow through them have substantially the same amplitude, in order to optimize the transport of electrical energy. A known technique for balancing a three-phase installation generally consists of successively measuring, by means of a Rogowski winding or a Hall effect sensor, the intensity of the current in each of the phase conductors, also called "phases".This technique is time-consuming and generally provides imprecise results because it is punctual and not simultaneous for all phases. Applications EP4083746 and GB2566680 describe methods for balancing phases within computing centers. Publications WO2015066048 and US9728971 disclose the ability to control the balance of an installation by analyzing its energy needs and the capacities of the power source. EP3748373 describes a method for diagnosing an electrical network including a plurality of nodes, each node being equipped with a local device capable of measuring at least one property of the electrical energy passing through the node. FR2971897 discloses a method for balancing loads on a polyphase electrical network, based on measurements made on single-phase loads and on the use of an inverter.US7898104 and US9865410 describe phase balancing methods based on measurements on single-phase conductors and on the use of switches. Furthermore, application EP 2776853 discloses a device for measuring currents in the conductors of a sheathed cable (i.e. with its sheath) of a polyphase network. Statement of the invention There is a need to benefit from a solution making it possible to improve the phase balancing of electricity distribution circuits, in a way that is simple to implement and relatively precise.Summary of the invention The invention aims to meet this need and achieves it, according to one of its aspects, by proposing a method for generating at least one item of information relating to the balancing of the phases of a polyphase electrical power supply inlet of an installation comprising at least two single-phase or polyphase electrical outlets connected in parallel to said inlet and serving user equipment, the method comprising: a. at least for each of said electrical outlets and preferably for the power supply inlet as well, the measurement of the current(s), or other physical quantities linked thereto, of the different phase(s) using a measuring device, in particular a measuring device arranged around the corresponding conductor(s), this measurement being carried out, in particular continuously, over a predefined duration, the measurements being transmitted to a processing system, b.the generation by the processing system, from said measurements, of at least one item of information providing information on the balancing of the phases of the power supply inlet and / or providing information on at least one permutation to be carried out between two phases of at least one of said feeders, this permutation leading to improved balancing of the phases of the power supply inlet. The measurement can be carried out, in particular continuously, over a sufficient duration determined by the user depending on the application, of at least one hour.The invention can allow, if desired, continuous and simultaneous monitoring of the intensity of the electric current in the different phases of several polyphase or single-phase electrical feeders, thanks to the use of a set of measuring devices, which can transmit information to a processing system, for example a centralized receiver and / or an internet server, in particular via IoT type communication, all of the measuring devices then forming a network of connected measuring devices. The user equipment can be located in residential, office or industrial buildings. For example, each phase of a feeder supplies a single-phase meter of a dwelling within a collective housing complex.The processing system that produces the information providing information on the balancing of the phases and / or the recommendation on one or more permutations to be carried out, can be present locally at the level of the connections of the installation, or remotely, in particular in the form of an internet server, which can transmit the information to the operator responsible for carrying out the permutation by means of notifications for example. The invention thus makes it possible to have a network of connected measuring devices making it possible to know the distribution of the currents in the different feeders in order to determine the minimum imbalance that can be obtained by switching certain phases of the electrical feeders. This can make it possible to improve the balance between the phases, and thus to reduce Joule losses and the environmental impact.Measurement of currents Each of said feeders may comprise a multi-conductor cable, the measuring device associated with this feeder then being advantageously placed around the corresponding multi-conductor cable. This installation may be carried out on the cables with their sheath, without having to remove the sheath or disconnect the cables, if the measuring device comprises two parts which move relative to each other and can be closed on the cable. This may make it possible to measure the current intensity in all the conductors of each feeder in a single operation and to quickly obtain extremely precise results, without needing to access each conductor individually, for example by removing the sheath from the cables. The measurement may be carried out statically, i.e. without relative movement of the sensors of the measuring device relative to the cable during measurement.The measurements of the current intensities, or other related quantities, in all the conductors of all the feeders, can be carried out in parallel by the various associated measuring devices, which can transmit the result of the measurements carried out continuously or periodically to the aforementioned processing system. Each measuring device can comprise one or more sensors arranged around the corresponding cable, being for example substantially equally distributed angularly around it. In particular, each measuring device can comprise magnetic field sensors each adapted to measure at least one component of the magnetic field produced by the current flowing in the conductors of the cable around which the measuring device is placed, in particular the tangential component and the radial component.Step a) of the above method may thus comprise, in an exemplary embodiment: (i) for each of said phases of each of said feeders, the determination of the angle between said phase and the nearest magnetic field sensor, said angle being defined with respect to the center of the cable and by assimilating the conductors and the sensors to points, and (ii) the calculation of the intensities of the electric current flowing in said phases of said electrical feeders, these intensities being linked to the components of the magnetic field measured by the relation B = kMI where B is the matrix of said components of the magnetic field measured for the same cable, I is the matrix of said intensities of the currents in this cable, M is a matrix comprising a plurality of coefficients of proportionality depending on said angles between said phases and said magnetic field sensors of this cable and k is a predetermined coefficient.Step a) of the method defined above can thus consist of simultaneously measuring, for each of the conductors of each of the feeders, the tangential component and the radial component of the magnetic field produced by the current flowing in said conductor, by means of the plurality of magnetic field sensors. This makes it possible to minimize the error on the intensity values ​​obtained, that is to say to further increase the precision of these values. The calculation of the intensities in step (ii) involves the calculation of the inverse M-1 of the matrix M, so as to deduce therefrom the values ​​of the intensities of the currents I = (µ0 / 2π).M. -1.B, where µ0 is an equivalent magnetic permeability that takes into account the presence of insulating materials in the cable. As mentioned above, the installation of the aforementioned measuring devices around multi-conductor cables does not require removing their sheath, when present, and can be carried out simply and without causing damage, marks or deformation to the cables. Taking into account the angular offset between sensors and conductors contributes to the accuracy of the intensity values ​​obtained. Each measuring device may include an electronic system configured, for example, to perform the calculations in steps (i) and (ii), and to transmit the measurement result, directly or indirectly, to the processing system responsible for delivering information relating to phase balancing and a possible recommendation for improving it, if necessary.The method according to the invention may comprise supplying electrical energy to the measuring devices and / or all or part of the processing system by inductive coupling with at least one electrical conductor of a feeder. This may make the measuring device energy-autonomous. This supply may be carried out by any energy recovery means, for example using at least one winding subjected to the magnetic field present in the vicinity of at least one electrical conductor, this winding being for example arranged between two phase conductors, or by any other energy recovery means, or even via a direct electrical connection or by a battery.In a variant, the measurement of the intensity of the electric current in a conductor is carried out continuously by means of a measuring device comprising a measuring module comprising several sensors each having different intensity measurement ranges and / or a multi-caliber sensor having different measurement calibers, for example from 0 to 100 A and from 0 to 1000 A. The sensors can be Rogowski sensors, Hall effect sensors or current transformers. The measuring module thus provides different analog signals for measuring the intensity of the current flowing in the conductor, and which have different measurement accuracies. The measuring module can further comprise a multiplexer for successively selecting the analog measurement signals from the sensor(s), and an analog-digital converter for generating a digital signal corresponding to the analog measurement signal selected by the multiplexer.The measuring device may further comprise a microcontroller for analyzing each digital signal so as to determine the optimal analog measuring signal that has the maximum measurement accuracy. The optimal analog measuring signal preferably corresponds to the unsaturated digital signal having the greatest deviation Δ between the maximum and minimum values ​​of the corresponding digital signal, over a predetermined measurement time interval. The measuring device may comprise a radiofrequency communication module for transmitting the optimal analog measuring signal and / or the corresponding digital signal to the processing system. The measuring device may comprise several measuring modules for measuring the current intensity in different conductors, the magnetic sensor(s) of each measuring module being configured to be arranged around one of the conductors.Processing of measurements Step b) of the method defined above may include the transmission of measurements, and / or data related to the measurements, to the processing system by a wireless link, in particular radiofrequency, and more generally by any communication network, for example of the IoT type. The processing system may include one or more processors, and more generally any electronic and / or computer equipment, local or remote, for example an internet server communicating with the network of measurement devices via a communication network of the IoT type, and / or a laptop, tablet or smartphone communicating with the measurement devices and / or a gateway connected to them by Bluetooth, Wifi or another means of wireless or wired communication.The processing system can analyze the collected measurements and calculate all the connection combinations of the different phases of the feeders in order to minimize the difference between the intensities of the incoming phases I1, I2 and I3 while respecting Kirchhoff's laws. As indicated above, the method can comprise the generation by the processing system, from said measurements, of at least one piece of information providing information on a permutation to be carried out between two phases of at least one feeder, this permutation leading to improved balancing of the phases of the supply feeder. The generation of said information can be followed by at least one permutation of two phases of at least one feeder of the installation. This permutation can be carried out manually by an operator authorized to work on the installation.The latter may receive the recommendation on the permutation(s) to be carried out by any means, for example by receiving a notification on a portable terminal such as a tablet or a smartphone, or by display on a screen of a dedicated device. The balance of the phases of the supply inlet may be considered to have been achieved when the phases have substantially the same intensity, to within a predefined tolerance. When the intensities are likely to vary over time, the information delivered by the processing system may include a recommendation on one or more permutations to be carried out to minimize an average imbalance of the phases over a given period of time and / or to minimize the difference between maximum intensities of the phases during a given period of time.Once the permutations have been carried out, steps a) and b) can be restarted after a predefined period of time, in order to carry out a new rebalancing by one or more new permutations, to take into account, for example, changes in equipment or consumption habits. The information generated in step b) can in particular be determined by the application by the processing system of any suitable optimization model, such as a linear programming model or a mixed integer programming model. Arrival and departures The arrival may comprise three electrical phases, as well as, if applicable, a neutral. Thus, the currents measured by the measuring devices may be those flowing through the conductors of each of these phases as well as the neutral. Each of the departures may comprise a number of phases less than or equal to the number of phases of the arrival.Depending on the applications, the voltages between phases may be greater than or equal to 1000V or less than 1000V, for example of the order of 400V. The voltages between the phases and the neutral may be of the order of 240V, and the frequency of 50 or 60 Hz for example. Measuring devices The measuring devices may be arranged to transmit by a wireless link, directly or indirectly, the result of the measurements to the processing system. Each measuring device may be arranged to be mounted around a multi-conductor cable of a corresponding feeder, and comprise magnetic field sensors each adapted to measure at least one component of the magnetic field produced by the current flowing in the conductors of the cable around which the measuring device is placed, in particular the tangential component and the radial component. The measuring device may comprise a housing containing the magnetic field sensors.This can facilitate the installation of the sensors of the measuring device around the cable, since it is then not necessary to install each sensor individually, all the sensors being mounted in a single operation around all the conductors of the outgoing line. The housing may include electromagnetic shielding to prevent the penetration of electromagnetic disturbances due, for example, to the permanent Earth magnetic field and to possible sources of electromagnetic field located near the cable and the measuring device. The housing may have a section formed of two half-rings, suitable for positioning the measuring device around the cable, in particular with its sheath. This configuration allows in particular rapid installation of the measuring device around the cable, which is therefore housed in the center of the circular opening formed by the meeting of the two half-rings.Each measuring device may comprise an electronic system arranged to recover the measurements made by the sensors of said measuring device and / or to communicate these measurements and / or data from these measurements to the processing system. Each electronic system may comprise two cards respectively housed in the first and second half-rings of the housing and the two cards are preferably in mutual mechanical contact. Thus, the maintenance in position of the electronic system relative to the housing is even better. The electronic system may comprise a transmitter to transmit the results of the measurements via a wireless link. The sensors are for example arranged on the printed circuits of the cards, for example in an equidistant angular manner around the axis of the opening of the device intended to be crossed by the multi-conductor cable.The measuring devices may also be other, for example as mentioned above, comprising inductive sensors of different calibers.Network of measuring devices and system for balancing phases The invention also relates, independently or in combination with the above, to a network of measuring devices, in particular as defined above, each placed around the conductors of a respective polyphase or single-phase feeder, and preferably of the feeder as well, in order to measure the intensities, or other physical quantities linked to them, in the different conductors of this feeder traversed by currents, and to transmit the values ​​of the intensity measurements, directly or indirectly, to a common processing system, for example an internet server, in particular by an IoT type connection, to allow this processing system to calculate the currents in each of the phases of a power supply feeder to which the feeders are connected in parallel. The measuring devices can transmit the result of the measurements by a wireless connection, as detailed above.This transmission can be carried out automatically, continuously or at regular time intervals, for example, or in response to a query from a server, as a variant, or otherwise. The invention also relates to a system for balancing the phases of a polyphase electrical power supply inlet of an installation comprising at least two polyphase or single-phase electrical outlets connected in parallel to said inlet and serving user equipment, comprising: a. A set of measuring devices each configured for measuring the current(s), or other physical quantities linked to them, of the different phase(s) of a corresponding electrical outlet, and preferably of the inlet as well, and b.A processing system arranged to generate, from said measurements, at least one piece of information providing information on the balancing of the phases of the power supply inlet and / or providing information on at least one permutation to be carried out between two phases of at least one feeder, this permutation leading to improved balancing of the phases of the power supply inlet. As indicated above, each measuring device can be arranged to be mounted around a multi-conductor cable of a corresponding feeder, and comprise magnetic field sensors each adapted to statically measure at least one component of the magnetic field produced by the current flowing in the conductors of the cable around which the measuring device is placed, in particular the tangential component and the radial component. The measurement can be carried out over a predefined period, chosen according to the application.Brief description of the drawings [Fig 1] is a schematic and partial representation of an example of an installation intended to be equipped with a set of sensors of a system for balancing the phases, in accordance with the present invention, [Fig 2] is a schematic and partial representation of an example of a system for balancing the phases in accordance with the invention, [Fig 3] schematically and partially represents an example of a measuring device, [Fig 4] schematically and partially illustrates steps of an example method in accordance with the invention, and [Fig 5] illustrates different parameters used during the measurement of the intensities. Detailed description The installation 1 illustrated in Figure 1 comprises a multi-phase inlet P, with for example three phases and a neutral, for example the three-phase network 400V 50Hz. The intensities (true effective values) of the currents of each of the phases are noted I1, I2 and I3 respectively.The arrival is made for example by means of a sheathed cable comprising all the phase conductors and the neutral, or a bundle of cables each with a single conductor, for example twisted together. The installation 1 may comprise one or more branch cabinets or a technical room, allowing the connection to the incoming power supply of multi-phase departures, directly or via electrical equipment such as contactors, circuit breakers, circuit breakers, fuses, meters or others, not shown. The departures can be made using sheathed multi-conductor cables, to the consumer equipment. The installation 1 may comprise n electrical departures Di, for i from 1 to n, each comprising for example, as illustrated, three phases whose respective intensities are noted O1,i, O2,i and O3,i and ON,i for the neutral.According to the invention, a set of measuring devices 30, shown schematically in Figure 1, is used to measure the currents in each of the feeders. These measuring devices 30 are part of a system 2 for balancing the phases, shown in Figure 2. Each measuring device 30 is placed around the conductors of a corresponding feeder. Each measuring device may comprise, as illustrated in Figure 3, a plurality of magnetic field sensors 36 arranged around the cable 32 corresponding to the corresponding electrical feeder Di, at at least one location of said cable, to measure at least the current flowing in the conductors 34 of this cable 32 corresponding to the different phases.A processing system 40 is present to generate, from the current measurements made by the measuring devices 30, at least one piece of information providing information on the balancing of the phases of the incoming P and / or providing information on at least one permutation to be carried out between two phases of at least one outgoing, this permutation leading to improving the balancing of the phases of the incoming P. The processing system 40 transmits for example this information to a user terminal 50 such as a dedicated device, a laptop, a tablet or a smartphone. The measuring device 30 comprises an electronic system 38 adapted to receive the values ​​of the components of the magnetic field measured by the plurality of sensors 36. As illustrated, the measuring device advantageously comprises a housing 31 containing the plurality of magnetic field sensors 36.Such a housing is however optional, the sensors 36 being able to be placed around the cable 32 without being contained in any enclosure. Preferably, as illustrated, the housing 31 has a section formed by two half-rings 311 and 312, adapted to the positioning of the measuring device 30 around the cable 32, the two half-rings 311 and 312 defining by their assembly an opening in which the cable 32 passes. In the particular embodiment illustrated, the cable 32 has a circular section and the opening formed by the two half-rings 311 and 312 is also circular and of diameter slightly greater than that of the section of the cable (with its sheath). The two half-rings 311 and 312 can be connected to each other by means of a hinge-type joint, or can be secured to each other, for example, by means of screws or nuts or other fixing means, preferably removable.The electronic system 38 can be located either in the housing or at a distance from it. Optionally, the housing 31 includes electromagnetic shielding preventing disturbance of the sensors 36 by possible sources of surrounding electromagnetic waves as well as by the permanent Earth magnetic field. This shielding can be made for example from a specific steel. Whether such shielding is present or not, the measuring device 30 can further be equipped with one or more additional magnetic field sensors 37 adapted to measure in particular the Earth's magnetic field, in order to subtract the value thereof when processing the values ​​of the components of the magnetic field measured by the magnetic field sensors 36. The additional sensor(s) 37 can be arranged inside and / or outside the housing 31, or even directly around the cable 32 when there is no housing.The installation of the various measuring devices 30 and the operation of the system 2 according to the invention can be carried out according to the method illustrated in Figure 4. In this figure, the block E1 groups together steps leading to the measurement, in particular continuously and / or simultaneously, of the intensities or other physical quantities linked to these, of the different phases of each electrical feeder using respective measuring devices 30. The block E2 groups together steps aimed at the generation by the processing system 40, from said measurements, of at least one item of information providing information on the balancing of the phases of the power supply inlet and / or providing information on at least one permutation to be carried out between two phases of at least one feeder, this permutation leading to an improvement in the balancing of the phases of the power supply inlet.The method may comprise a first sub-step E11 consisting of placing the magnetic field sensors 36 around each cable 32 corresponding to an electrical outlet. Step E11 may consist of fixing at least one measuring device 30 as described previously on each cable, for example by closing the two half-rings on it. A measuring device may also be placed around the incoming cable. Once the measuring devices 30 are in place, it is possible to measure, in a second sub-step E12, for each conductor 34 of each cable 32, at least one component of the magnetic field produced by the current flowing in this conductor. These measurements are carried out in parallel on the conductors by means of the plurality of magnetic field sensors 36.In a particular embodiment, the plurality of magnetic field sensors 36 can measure for each conductor only the tangential component or only the radial component of the magnetic field. Alternatively, for greater precision, the plurality of magnetic field sensors measures for each conductor both the tangential component and the radial component of the magnetic field. In a non-limiting example of the invention, it is possible during a third sub-step E13, for each conductor 34 of each cable 32, to determine the angle α between this conductor and the magnetic field sensor 36 of the plurality of magnetic field sensors of said closest cable, as illustrated in FIG. 5, described later. The angle α is defined relative to the center of the section of the corresponding cable and by assimilating the conductors and the sensors to points.Indeed, to simplify, we assume that each conductor has an infinitely small cross-section and that the magnetic field captured by each sensor is located at a point corresponding to the location of the sensor. Finally, we can calculate in a sub-step E14 the intensities of the currents circulating in each conductor of each of the cables. The calculations of steps E13 and E14 can be carried out by the electronic systems 38 of the measuring devices 30 of each cable. The intensities of the currents in the conductors are linked to the components of the magnetic field measured, by the relation B = kMI where B is the matrix of the magnetic field components measured in all the conductors of the same cable by all the sensors around this cable, I is the matrix of the intensities of the currents flowing in all the conductors of this cable, M is a matrix comprising a plurality of proportionality coefficients depending on the angles between the conductors and the magnetic field sensors of this cable and k is a predetermined coefficient. It follows from this formula that I = (µ0 / 2π).M-1.B, where M-1 is the inverse matrix of M and µ0 is an equivalent magnetic permeability which takes into account the presence of insulating materials in the cable. We can first calculate the magnetic field produced by the current using the Biot-Savart law, then invert all the local measurements of the magnetic field components by determining an inverse matrix, in order to obtain the current intensities coming from the N current sources.In Figure 5, a circular cross-section cable is shown comprising five conductors regularly distributed inside the cable, which are assimilated to five points C1 to C5 equidistant from each other on the circumference of a circle T. Only the magnetic field sensor closest to the conductor C1 has been shown, and is symbolized by point A. The radius of the circle T is designated by r, the distance between the conductor C1 and the sensor A is designated by d1, the straight line segment connecting the sensor A and the center of the circle T is designated by d'1, the angle at point A between the straight line segment d'1 and the straight line segment connecting the conductor C1 and point A is designated by β. The magnetic field picked up by the sensor A is represented by the vector B1, which is orthogonal to the straight line segment connecting the conductor C1 and point A.For a cable comprising N conductors each producing a magnetic field Bi, i = 1, …, N, the component BA of the magnetic field at point A coming from the N conductors is defined as follows: [Math.1]. where: Bim is the component of the magnetic field coming from the i ème driver captured by the m ième capteur ; the angles α i and β i are defined for the i ème conductor similarly to the angles α and β defined above, respectively;di denotes the distance between the ith conductor and the nearest sensor;µ0is an equivalent magnetic permeability which takes into account the presence of insulating materials in the cable; r is as defined above the radius of the circle T; and I im is the value of the intensity of the current flowing in the i ème conductor and deduced from the magnetic field measurement carried out by the m ièmesensor. As a non-limiting example, for N = 5 conductors and five magnetic field sensors placed respectively at points A, B, C, D and E, the analytical expression allowing the intensities of the currents in the conductors to be deduced is as follows: [Math.2]

[0002] ^^ ^ ae ^^ ^ ö ∙ ç ^^ ^ ÷ ^^ ^ e ^^ ^ø where Ii, i = 1, …, 5 denotes the intensity of the current flowing in the i ème conductor and BA, BB, BC, BD and BE denote the magnetic field components respectively measured by the five sensors. The equivalent magnetic permeability µ0 is a macroscopic permeability, which makes the calculation simpler than if we considered the local magnetic permeability. In a particular embodiment, the angle α between a conductor and the nearest magnetic field sensor is determined so as to maximize the following function F: [Math.3] Yesi denotes the intensity of the current flowing in the i èmeconductor. There are various known mathematical convergence methods for maximizing F, such as the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm (also called the LM algorithm) or the Nelder-Mead method. The intensities can also be determined differently, in particular by means of different sensors, without departing from the scope of the present invention. Once the intensities have been determined, the results can be communicated in a first sub-step E21 by each measuring device 30 to the processing system 40, which is for example common to all the measuring devices 30. In a sub-step E22, the intensities I1, I2, I3 of each phase of the electrical incoming line, as well as of the neutral IN, can be calculated by summing the intensities measured for the same phase in all n outgoing lines, as illustrated in Figure 1, so as to be able to calculate the imbalance between them.If necessary, the current values ​​measured in the incoming cable can be used to check that the measurements correspond with the calculation. The current values ​​measured on the incoming cable can also be used to determine the current values ​​of one or more outgoing lines not equipped with measuring devices, using Kirchhoff's laws. In a third step E23, information relating to the balancing of the phases of the electrical incoming line can be determined. This information can consist of a quantity representative of the phase imbalance, for example observed over a given period of time. The processing system 40 can execute an optimization program making it possible to determine one or more permutations of the phases of the outgoing lines making it possible to minimize the observed imbalance.For example, for an installation comprising three three-phase electrical outlets D1, D2 and D3, it is assumed that the following average effective intensities are measured over a given period representative of consumption habits, for example a period of a few days to a few months, for each of the phases:[Tab 1] D. 1 D2 D3 P O1,i / I1 10 A 10 A 10 A 30 AO2,i / I2 20 A 30 A 20 A 70 AO3,i / I3 30 A 20 A 30 A 80 AWe see that the P inlet is unbalanced, the intensities of the three phases I1, I2 and I3 having a significant difference. In order to improve the balancing of the phases of the P inlet, the optimization program executed by the processing system 40 can determine that the permutation of the phases O1,1 and O3,1 of the D1 outlet as well as the phases O1,3 and O,2,3 of the D3 outlet leads to a reduction in the imbalance, as illustrated in Table 2 below. [Tab 2] D 1 D2 D3 PO1,i / I1 30 A 10 A 20 A 60 AO2,i / I2 20 A 30 A 10 A 60 AO3,i / I3 10 A 20 A 30 A 60 It is visible in Table 2 that the arrival P becomes more balanced, the averaged effective intensities of the three phases I1, I2 and I3 being equal to each other. A recommendation can then be generated and distributed to an operator responsible at step E3, for applying the recommendation by manually intervening on the installation to swap the conductors of the different feeders. The recommendation can in particular identify the feeders and the conductors to be swapped, for example by designating identifiers of these cables and conductors. Of course, the invention is not limited to the examples which have just been described.In particular, it is possible to have an installation with cascade connections, so that an initial multi-phase inlet using a multi-conductor cable supplies at least one intermediate stage of feeders, each of these feeders from the intermediate stage being carried out using a multi-conductor cable which in turn supplies a final stage of feeders; in such a case, the measuring devices can be installed on the final multi-phase feeders, to aim for the balance of the initial inlet.

Claims

Claims [Revendication 1] Procédé pour générer au moins une information relative à the balancing of the phases of a polyphase electric current supply inlet (P) of an installation (1) comprising at least two single-phase or polyphase electric outlets (Di) connected in parallel to said inlet and serving user equipment, the method comprising: a. au moins pour chacun desdits départs électriques (Di) et de préférence pour the supply arrival (P) also, the measurement (E1) of the intensities, or other physical quantities linked to these, of the different phases using a measuring device (30), in particular a measuring device arranged around the corresponding conductor(s) (34), this measurement being carried out, in particular continuously, on une durée prédéfinie, les mesures étant transmises à un système de traitement (40), b. la génération (E2) par le système de traitement (40), à partir desdites mesures, d’au at least one piece of information providing information on the balancing of the phases of the power supply arrival and / or providing information on at least one permutation to be carried out between two phases d’au moins l’un desdits départs (Di), cette permutation conduisant à améliorer balancing the phases of the supply inlet (P). [Revendication 2] Procédé selon la revendication 1, les mesures des intensités ducurrent, or other related quantities, in all the conductors (34) of all the departures (Di), being carried out in parallel by the various associated measuring devices (30), which in particular transmit the result of the measurements carried out continuously or periodically to the processing system (40). [Revendication 3] Procédé selon l’une des revendications précédentes, chacun des departures (Di) comprising a multi-conductor cable (32), the measuring device associated with this departure being placed around the corresponding multi-conductor cable. [Revendication 4] Procédé selon la revendication précédente, chaque dispositif de measurement (30) comprising magnetic field sensors (36), static during the measurement, and each adapted to measure at least one component of the magnetic field produced by the current flowing in the conductors of the cable (32) around which the measuring device is placed, in particular the tangential component and the radial component, step (a) comprising: (i) for each of said phases of each of said feeders, determining the angle between said phase and the nearest magnetic field sensor, said angle being defined relative to the center of said cable and by assimilating the conductors and the sensors to des points, et(ii) calculating the intensities of the electric current flowing in said phases of said electrical feeders, these intensities being linked to the components of the magnetic field measured by the relation B = kMI where B is the matrix of said components of the magnetic field measured in the same cable, I is the matrix of said intensities of the currents flowing in the conductors of this cable, M is a matrix comprising a plurality of proportionality coefficients depending on said angles between said phases and said magnetic field sensors of the cable and k is a predetermined coefficient, the calculation of the intensities in step (ii) involving the calculation of the inverse M-1 of the matrix M, so as to deduce therefrom the values ​​of the intensities of the currents I = (µ0 / 2π).M-1.B, where µ0 is an equivalent magnetic permeability which takes into account the presence of insulating materials in the cable. [Revendication 5] Procédé selon l’une des revendications 1 et 2, la mesure dethe intensity of the electric current in a conductor being carried out continuously by means of a measuring device comprising a measuring module comprising several sensors each having different intensity measurement ranges and / or a multi-caliber sensor having different measurement calibers. [Revendication 6] Procédé selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, each of the departures (Di) having a number of phases less than or equal to that of the arrival. [Revendication 7] Procédé selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprising the supply of electrical energy to the measuring devices (30) by inductive coupling with at least one electrical conductor (34) of a feeder. [Revendication 8] Procédé selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, the arrival (P) comprising three electrical phases, as well as a neutral where applicable. [Revendication 9] Procédé selon l’une quelconque des revendications précédentes, step (b) comprising the transmission of the measurements, and / or data linked to the measurements, to the processing system (40) via a wireless link, in particular radiofrequency. [Revendication 10] Procédé selon l’une quelconque des revendicationsprevious, comprising the generation by the processing system (40), from said measurements, of at least one item of information providing information on a permutation to be carried out between two phases of at least one departure (Di), this permutation leading to improved balancing of the phases of the supply arrival (P). [Revendication 11] Procédé selon la revendication précédente, la génération de said information being followed by at least one permutation of two phases of at least one departure from the installation. [Revendication 12] Procédé selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel une Once the permutation(s) have been carried out, steps a) and b) are restarted after a predefined period of time, in order to carry out a possible new rebalancing by one or more new permutations, in particular to take into account changes in equipment or consumption habits. [Revendication 13] Réseau de dispositifs de mesure (30), notamment pour laimplementation of the method according to any one of the preceding claims, each placed around the conductors (34) of a respective polyphase or single-phase departure (Di), and preferably on the arrival also, in order to measure the intensities, or other physical quantities linked to these, in the different conductors of this departure traversed by currents, and transmit the values ​​of the intensity measurements, directly or indirectly, to a common processing system (40), p our permettre à ce système de traitement de calculer les courants (I1 ; I2 ; I3) dans each of the phases of a power supply arrival (P) to which the departures are connected in parallel. [Revendication 14] Système (2) pour l’équilibrage des phases d’une arrivée (P) polyphase electric current supply to an installation (1) comprising at least two polyphase or single-phase electrical outlets (Di) connected in parallel to the adite arrivée (P) et servant des équipements utilisateurs, comportant :a. A set of measuring devices (30) each configured for measuring the current(s), or other physical quantities linked to these, of the different phase(s) of a corresponding electrical outlet and preferably of the inlet as well, and b. A processing system (40) arranged to generate, from said measurements, at least one item of information providing information on the balancing of the phases of the supply inlet (P) and / or providing information on at least one permutation to be carried out between two phases of at least one outlet, this permutation leading to improved balancing of the phases of the supply inlet. [Revendication 15] Système selon la revendication précédente, les dispositifs de measurement (30) being arranged to transmit by a wireless link, directly or indirectly, the result of the measurements to the processing system (40). [Revendication 16] Système selon la revendication 14 ou 15, chaque dispositif demeasurement (30) being arranged to be mounted around a multi-conductor cable (32) of a corresponding departure (Di), and comprising magnetic field sensors (36) each adapted to statically measure at least one component of the magnetic field produced by the current flowing in the conductors (34) of the cable (32) around which the measuring device (30) is placed, in particular the tangential component and the radial component.

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