Drive system for opening and closing doors

Abstract

The invention relates to a drive system (1) for opening and closing doors, said drive system being integrated into a door system which consists of a frame (3) and a door leaf (2). The drive system comprises a connecting rod (10) which is hinged to the door leaf (2) at a first end (11) and which is connected to an actuation pin (24) at a second end, said actuation pin being movably mounted in the frame (3) in a motor-driven manner. A particularly visually pleasing design can be achieved in that a slotted gate mechanism (7) is pivotally mounted on the connecting rod (10), said slotted gate mechanism having a slotted gate (22) which has a first control slot (26) that is designed to guide a closing pin (20) secured to the door leaf (2) in order to support the movement of the door leaf (2) when the door leaf approaches the frame (3).

Description

[0001] Drive system for opening and closing doors

[0002] The present invention relates to a drive system for opening and closing doors, which is integrated in a door system consisting of a frame and a door leaf, with a push rod which is hinged to the door leaf at a first end and which is connected at a second end to an actuating pin which is mounted in the frame so as to be displaceable by a motor.

[0003] A door, as defined by the invention, is a structural element for closing building openings that offers the option of selectively opening the building opening. The door is pivotally mounted in a frame and can be moved between a closed and an open position.

[0004] Various mechanisms are known for motor-driven door opening and closing, allowing the opening and closing movement to be automated. Typically, a lever mechanism is provided near the door leaf on the frame, in which a drive motor is located to move the door leaf as desired. However, parts of the drive are always visible and protrude into at least one of the rooms adjacent to the door, which is often undesirable for both aesthetic and functional reasons.

[0005] EP 3 361 033 B1 discloses a locking system with lever joint elements, which has an energy storage device and uses an electric motor as a generator. The locking mechanism is mounted in a housing on the door. A concealed design is not possible because a relatively large torque must be exerted on a sliding arm that controls the opening movement, which is particularly problematic with heavy security doors. Completely closing the door leaf is particularly problematic because then the forces exerted by the frame on the door leaf via door seals must also be overcome.

[0006] An object of the present invention is to further develop a drive system for opening and closing doors of the type described above in such a way that the forces and torques required for the drive can be applied with a compact and lightweight locking mechanism that can be fully integrated into the frame and door leaf system and is thus invisible when the door leaf is closed. A further object of the invention is to provide a solution that also enables application for security doors.

[0007] According to the invention, a link mechanism is pivotally mounted on the push rod, which has a link that has a first control slot that is designed to guide a locking pin attached to the door leaf in order to assist the movement of the door leaf as it approaches the frame.

[0008] The invention is based on the realization that the push rod, which controls the opening and closing movement of the door leaf, must be essentially parallel to the plane of the door leaf when the door is closed if the requirement for an invisible mechanism is to be met. This means that the geometric conditions are unfavorable at small opening angles, and very large forces and moments occur when closing the door, particularly at the end of the closing movement. However, it is precisely at these points that larger moments are required from the door than during the remaining closing movement in order to properly compress the door seal and bring the door completely into the closed position.

[0009] An analogous problem concerns the first phase of the opening movement, where the unfavourable geometric conditions naturally also exist, and where additional forces can occur if the door leaf adheres to the seal and has to be released by the mechanism.

[0010] A key feature of the present invention is the measure that the movement of the door leaf, which is normally controlled by the push rod, is supported in the closed position and at small opening angles by a cam mechanism that interacts with a locking pin attached to the door leaf. This overcomes the problem of the unfavorable geometry when the door is closed, and a comparatively light and delicate mechanism can be realized that can be completely concealed within the frame.

[0011] The actuating pin is a component that is moved in the plane of the door leaf in order to exert a force on the push rod, which is hinged to the door leaf at its first end and moves the door. Preferably, the guide rail has a second control slot in which the actuating pin is guided. In this way, the movement of the actuating pin can exert a moment on the guide rail when the actuating pin moves in the second control slot. In this context, it is particularly advantageous if the second control slot is curved and has a receptacle for the actuating pin at one end. The receptacle is, for example, an angled area of ​​the second control slot, which is designed such that the actuating pin is normally fixed there.Only when the door leaf is close to the closed position and the gate begins to pivot does the actuating pin emerge from the holder and slide along the second control slot, thus exerting a moment on the gate.

[0012] To avoid impeding the movement of the actuating pin in the second control slot, it is particularly preferred that the push rod has a slotted hole at its second end, in which the actuating pin is guided. In this case, no additional force is exerted on the door leaf by the push rod itself, and the final phase of the closing movement is essentially achieved solely by pivoting the gate. This also applies analogously to the first phase of the opening movement.

[0013] A particularly geometrically advantageous design is achieved if the link on the push rod is mounted in a pivot bearing which is articulated between the first end and the actuating pin.

[0014] Particularly safe and robust operation is achieved when the first control slot has an open end and the gate has a guide flank adjoining the open end of the first control slot. This ensures the safe insertion of the actuating pin into the first control slot when the door is closed. Furthermore, this also ensures that the actuating pin exits the receptacle, because the pivoting movement of the gate is initiated when the actuating pin hits the guide flank of the gate.

[0015] Preferably, a screw spindle is also provided, which is driven by a drive motor and allows the actuating pin to move linearly along the frame. This arrangement offers significant advantages over arrangements in which the drive motor drives a pivoting element via a gear. Alternatively, the actuating pin can also be moved, for example, by means of a toothed belt driven by a drive motor.

[0016] A particularly visually appealing solution is preferably achieved by arranging both the push rod and the link mechanism in the space between the frame and the door leaf when the door leaf is closed.

[0017] A particularly advantageous embodiment of the present invention provides for an auxiliary guide rail parallel to the guide rail, which can pivot independently of the guide rail around the same axis. This design offers the advantage that the door can also be designed as a safety door, which must be able to be opened manually at any time and with a reasonable amount of force, even in the event of a malfunction, even if, for example, the drive motor is blocked or cannot be operated due to a power failure.

[0018] Preferably, the auxiliary gate has an actuating slot that can be aligned with a portion of the first control slot when the auxiliary gate and the gate overlap. This overlap is always maintained during normal operation; this overlap position is only abandoned during emergency opening.

[0019] It is particularly advantageous if the auxiliary link is movably connected to the link by at least one pivoting guide. This enables a robust design.

[0020] In the second embodiment described above, it can preferably be provided that the auxiliary guide has an auxiliary control slot in which the actuating pin is guided. In particular, the auxiliary control slot can consist of a main section and a release section, wherein the main section essentially corresponds to a second control slot of the guide. Particularly preferably, the release section of the auxiliary control slot enables a pivoting movement of the auxiliary guide when the door leaf is closed without displacing the actuating pin. In this way, the safety function is implemented in an optimal manner.

[0021] A particularly advantageous implementation of the safety function can be achieved if the first control slot of the gate has a further open end and that the actuating pin is arranged in the area of ​​the further open end when the door is closed.

[0022] Geometrically, it is particularly advantageous if the push rod is arranged between the link and the auxiliary link, and / or if the auxiliary link is exposed in an area corresponding to the first control slot of the link.

[0023] The invention will now be explained in more detail by means of the embodiment shown in the figures. They show:

[0024] Fig. 1 shows a door with a drive system according to the invention in a side view;

[0025] Fig. 2 shows a drive system according to the invention according to a first embodiment in a plan view;

[0026] Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 show the drive system of Fig. 2, each in an oblique view with the door open and almost closed; Fig. 5 shows a push rod including the gate of the first embodiment;

[0027] Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 each show a detail of Fig. 5 in different positions;

[0028] Fig. 8 shows a push rod including the link mechanism of a second embodiment in an exploded view;

[0029] Fig. 9 a detail of Fig. 8;

[0030] Fig. 10 and Fig. 11 show a detail of the second embodiment in different positions, each in an oblique view from below;

[0031] Fig. 12 and Fig. 13 show a link and an auxiliary link of the second embodiment, respectively, in a plan view; and

[0032] Fig. 14 and Fig. 15 show the backdrop or auxiliary backdrop of Fig. 12 and Fig. 13, each in a view from below.

[0033] The door shown in Fig. 1 consists of a door leaf 2 which is received in a frame 3 and on the upper side of which a drive system 1 according to the invention is provided, which is arranged partly in the interior of the frame 3 and partly in the gap between the frame 3 and the door leaf 2.

[0034] A handle 4 is provided in the usual way for manually operating the door. A conventional security fitting or panic fitting can also be provided in place of handle 4.

[0035] Fig. 2 shows the door of Fig. 1 in a slightly open position, viewed from above, with the frame 3 partially concealed. The door leaf 2 is pivotally mounted in the frame 3 about a vertical axis 5. The opening angle of the door leaf 2 is designated 6.

[0036] A drive motor 12, attached to and housed within the frame 3, is intended to rotate a threaded spindle 13 mounted in the frame 3 in order to displace a link mechanism 7 in the plane of the frame 3, as indicated by the double arrow 8. A push rod 10 is hinged to the link mechanism 7, which is pivotally attached at its first end 11 to the door leaf 2. The rotation of the threaded spindle 13 displaces a threaded nut 21 in the plane of the frame 3, and with it the link mechanism 7.

[0037] 14 denotes the angle that the push rod 10 forms with the plane of the frame 3, depending on the opening angle 6 of the door leaf 2. 15 denotes the angle between a perpendicular to the plane of the door leaf 2 and the plane of the frame 3. The force component of the force 18 exerted by the push rod 10 on the door leaf 2, which is effective to open or close the door, is perpendicular to the plane of the door leaf 2 and is denoted here by 16. It is immediately apparent from Fig. 2 that as the opening angle 6 of the door leaf 2 decreases, the angle 14 also decreases, and thus the angle 15 increasingly approaches a right angle. At the same time, the angle 17 between a perpendicular to the plane of the door leaf 2 and the axis of the push rod 10 also increasingly approaches a right angle. Thus, with a constant force 18 of the push rod 10, the force component 16 becomes increasingly smaller. This is described above as an unfavorable geometry of the mechanism orof the drive system.

[0038] Fig. 3 shows the situation when the door leaf 2 is opened more than a minimum opening angle 6. The movement of the door leaf 2 is controlled exclusively via the push rod 10. A locking pin 20 attached to the door leaf 2 is not engaged with any other component.

[0039] Fig. 4 shows the situation when the opening angle 6 reaches a certain minimum value. In this situation, the locking pin 20 engages with the link mechanism 7, and a significant force can be exerted on the door leaf 2 via the locking pin 20, which will be explained in more detail below. It is also important to note that the locking pin 20 is further away from the vertical axis 5 of the door leaf 2 than the first end 11 of the push rod 10. Due to the correspondingly longer lever arm, an even greater torque can be exerted on the door leaf 2.

[0040] Fig. 5 shows a push rod 10 with the link mechanism 7, which here essentially consists of a link 22 which is pivotally attached to the push rod 10 via a pivot bearing 23.

[0041] A first control slot 26 is provided to guide the locking pin 20 at a small opening angle 6. Adjacent to the open end of the first control slot 26 is a guide flank 30, which the locking pin 20 first strikes when the door is closed, thereby causing the guide 22 to move clockwise, forcing the locking pin 20 into the first control slot 26.

[0042] In the position shown in detail in Fig. 6 and which corresponds to the situation in Fig. 3, the link 22 is rotated as far as possible in a counterclockwise direction. An actuating pin 24, which is displaceable via the threaded spindle 13 and the threaded nut 21, is guided in a second control slot 25 and secured in a receptacle 29, which is an angled part of the otherwise arcuate second control slot 25. In this position, the force of the drive motor 12 is transmitted via the threaded spindle 13, further via the threaded nut 21 and via the actuating pin 24 to the link 22 and then to the push rod 10. The actuating pin 24 is positively and self-lockingly fixed in the receptacle 29 and is not movable along the elongated hole 28 in this position.By means of a spring element 41, the link 22 is preloaded relative to the push rod 10, so that a counterclockwise torque acts on the link 22 relative to the push rod 10, thereby achieving a secure locking of the actuating pin in the end position of the elongated hole 28 by means of the receptacle 29. The spring element 41 can be designed as a monostable or bistable spring, e.g., a leaf spring, and is connected to the push rod 10 by means of elements not shown in detail, such as screws.As the opening angle 6 becomes increasingly smaller, the locking pin 20 approaches the link 22 along a substantially circular arc and strikes the rightmost guide flank 30 and subsequently presses on this guide flank 30 and generates a torque about the pivot bearing 23, so that the link 22 performs a pivoting movement in the clockwise direction about the pivot bearing 23 and the receptacle 29 is moved downwards relative to the elongated hole 28 and thus releases the actuating pin 24 from the locking position for a movement along the elongated hole 28.

[0043] Fig. 7 shows a position with a minimum opening angle 6, in which the locking pin 20 has already been inserted into the first control slot 26. The guide rail 22 is pivoted clockwise according to the arrow 27 compared to the position in Fig. 6. The actuating pin 24 is released from the receptacle 29 by pivoting the guide rail 22 and has entered the curved main part of the second control slot 25, in which it is guided. At the same time, the actuating pin 24 slides along in an elongated hole 28 at the second end of the push rod 10 and, in this position, exerts only a slight force indirectly via the guide rail 22 onto the push rod 10. Primarily, the movement of the actuating pin 24 to the right pivots the guide rail 22 clockwise, whereby the locking pin 20 is pressed downwards in the illustration in Fig. 7 in order to completely close the door.

[0044] When opening the door from the closed position of door leaf 2, the processes described above take place in reverse order.

[0045] Fig. 8 shows the basic structure of the second embodiment of the present invention. Its basic function corresponds to that of the first embodiment, so only the differences will be explained below. A guide 22, slightly modified compared to the first embodiment, is arranged above the push rod 10. An auxiliary guide 32 is provided below the push rod 10, which, like the guide 22, is mounted in the common pivot bearing 23.

[0046] The actuating pin 24 is moved by a transmission member 31 which is connected to the threaded nut 21 and passes successively through the link 22, the push rod 10 and the auxiliary link 32.

[0047] In Figs. 10 and 11 it can be seen that the link 22 and the auxiliary link 32 are connected and secured against each other by a pivoting guide 35, which pivoting guide 35 has corresponding curved elongated holes in which guide pins are guided in order to allow a limited pivoting movement of the auxiliary link 32 relative to the link 22.

[0048] Fig. 10 shows a position immediately before the final closing of the door leaf 2, in which the locking pin 20 has almost reached the end of the first control slot 26. In this state, the second control slot 25 and an auxiliary control slot 33 of the auxiliary guide 32 are largely superimposed.

[0049] Fig. 11 shows a position of the link mechanism 7 after emergency operation. A user has exerted considerable pressure on the previously closed door leaf 2 in order to push open the motor-closed door. The locking pin 20, which was previously guided in a release section 34 of the auxiliary link 32, pushes it open, resulting in the position shown in Fig. 11. By pivoting, the auxiliary link 32 releases the locking pin 20, which can also exit from the link 22 through a further open end 36 of the first control slot 26. In this way, the door can be opened in an emergency without moving the actuating pin 24. This actuation is also made possible in particular by a release section 38 of the auxiliary control slot 33 of the auxiliary link 32, into which the actuating pin 24 can enter when the described pivoting movement is required.The release section 38 is angled relative to a main section 40 corresponding to the second control slot 25 of the link 22 and is circularly curved, with the pivot bearing 23 representing the center point.

[0050] From Fig. 12 - 15 it can be seen that the auxiliary link 32 has a clearance 37, so that the actuation slot 34 of the auxiliary link 32 is significantly shorter than the first control slot 26 of the link 22. Another difference from the first embodiment is that the first control slot 26 is not designed as a continuous slot, but as a groove, which is necessary to enable the provision of the further open end 36. As a result, one flank of the first control slot 26 is formed by an island-shaped elevation 39. The present invention makes it possible to realize a motor-driven door that is visually appealing because no part of the mechanism is visible when the door is closed, and at the same time to apply high closing forces to ensure a secure closed position, so that complete sealing is achieved and that a motor-closed door can also be opened and closed manually at any time.

Claims

PATENT CLAIMS 1. Drive system (1) for opening and closing doors, which is integrated into a door system consisting of a frame (3) and a door leaf (2), with a push rod (10) which is hinged at a first end (11) to the door leaf (2) and which is connected at a second end to an actuating pin (24) which is mounted in the frame (3) so as to be displaceable by a motor, characterized in that a link mechanism (7) is pivotally mounted on the push rod (10), which has a link (22) which has a first control slot (26) which is designed to guide a locking pin (20) fastened to the door leaf (2) in order to assist the movement of the door leaf (2) as it approaches the frame (3).

2. Drive system (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the link (22) has a second control slot (25) in which the actuating pin (24) is guided.

3. Drive system (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that the second control slot (25) is arcuate and has a receptacle (29) for the actuating pin (24) at one end.

4. Drive system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the push rod (10) has at its second end an elongated hole (28) in which the actuating pin (24) is guided.

5. Drive system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the link (22) is mounted on the push rod (10) in a pivot bearing (23) which is articulated between the first end and the actuating pin (24).

6. Drive system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the first control slot (26) has an open end and that the link (22) has a guide flank (30) adjoining the open end of the first control slot (26).

7. Drive system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the actuating pin (24) can be moved linearly along the frame (3) by a drive motor (12).

8. Drive system (1) according to claim 7, characterized in that the actuating pin (24) is movable by a screw spindle (13) or which is driven by the drive motor (12).

9. Drive system (1) according to claim 7, characterized in that the actuating pin (24) is movable by a toothed belt which is driven by the drive motor (12).

10. Drive system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that both the push rod (10) and the link mechanism (7) are arranged in the space between the frame (3) and the door leaf (2) when the door leaf (2) is closed.

11. Drive system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that an auxiliary link (32) is provided parallel to the link (22), which, like the link (22), is mounted in a common pivot bearing (23) and is pivotable about the same axis as the link (22) independently of the latter.

12. Drive system (1) according to claim 11, characterized in that the auxiliary link (32) has an actuating slot (34) which can be brought into alignment with a part of the first control slot (26) in an overlapping position of the auxiliary link (32) and the link (22).

13. Drive system (1) according to one of claims 11 or 12, characterized in that the auxiliary link (32) is movably connected to the link (22) by at least one pivoting guide (35).

14. Drive system (1) according to one of claims 11 to 12, characterized in that the auxiliary link (32) has an auxiliary control slot (33) in which the actuating pin (24) is guided.

15. Drive system (1) according to claim 14, characterized in that the auxiliary control slot (33) consists of a main section (40) and a release section (38), and that the main section (40) substantially corresponds to a second control slot (25) of the link (22).

16. Drive system (1) according to claim 15, characterized in that the release section (34) of the auxiliary control slot (33) enables a pivoting movement of the auxiliary link (32) when the door leaf (2) is closed, without displacing the actuating pin (24).

17. Drive system (1) according to one of claims 11 to 16, characterized in that the first control slot (26) of the link (22) has a further open end (36) and that the actuating pin (24) is arranged in the region of the further open end (36) of the first control slot (26) when the door leaf (2) is closed.

18. Drive system (1) according to one of claims 11 to 17, characterized in that the push rod (10) is arranged between the link (22) and the auxiliary link (32).

19. Drive system (1) according to one of claims 11 to 18, characterized in that the auxiliary link (32) has a clearance (37) in a region corresponding to the first control slot (26) of the link (22).

20. Drive system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the locking pin (20) is further away from the vertical axis (5) of the door leaf (2) than the first end (11) of the push rod (10).

21. Drive system (1) according to one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that a spring element (41) is arranged between the push rod (10) and the link (22), which generates a torque on the link (22) about the pivot bearing (23).

Images