Antenna and driving method therefor, and electronic apparatus

Abstract

An antenna and a driving method therefor, and an electronic apparatus. The antenna comprises at least one antenna unit (100), wherein the antenna unit comprises a first feed structure layer (11), a second feed structure layer (12), and a radiation structure layer (13) which are stacked, and a switch structure (14) is provided between the first feed structure layer (11) and the second feed structure layer (12). The second feed structure layer (12) is provided with a plurality of connection paths (L0); the radiation structure layer (13) comprises a plurality of feed points (K0); the switch structure (14) comprises a first port and a plurality of second ports, the first port being electrically connected to the first feed structure layer (11), and at least two second ports being respectively electrically connected to at least some of the feed points (K0) by means of at least two connection paths (L0); and the switch structure (14) is configured to control the first port to be in communication with at least some of the second ports, so as to control a polarization mode of the antenna.

Description

Antenna and driving method thereof, and electronic device Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments of the present disclosure relate to, but are not limited to, the field of communication technology, and in particular to an antenna, a driving method thereof, and an electronic device. Background Art

[0002] The working performance of the antenna is crucial to the overall performance of most wireless communication systems. With the development of technology, the requirements for antenna performance are getting higher and higher. For example, there are high requirements for antenna gain, polarization and other indicators.

[0003] Summary of the Invention

[0004] The following is a summary of the subject matter described in detail herein. This summary is not intended to limit the scope of the claims.

[0005] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides an antenna, comprising at least one antenna unit, wherein the antenna unit comprises a stacked first feed structure layer, a second feed structure layer, and a radiation structure layer, wherein a switch structure is provided between the first feed structure layer and the second feed structure layer;

[0006] The second feeding structure layer is provided with a plurality of connection paths, the radiating structure layer includes a plurality of feeding points, the switch structure includes a first port and a plurality of second ports, the first port is electrically connected to the first feeding structure layer, and at least two of the second ports are electrically connected to at least some of the feeding points via at least two of the connection paths;

[0007] The switch structure is configured to control the first port to be connected to at least a portion of the second port, thereby controlling the polarization mode of the antenna.

[0008] In an exemplary embodiment, each feed point includes at least one feed point, each connection path includes at least one connection path, the at least two ports are electrically connected to at least two feed points respectively through at least two of the connection paths, and each second port is electrically connected to at least one feed point of one of the feed points through at least one connection path.

[0009] In an exemplary embodiment, the antenna unit further comprises at least one connecting branch, each of the connecting branches being configured to electrically connect at least two connecting paths of the at least two connecting paths.

[0010] In an exemplary embodiment, each of the connecting branches is configured to electrically connect two connecting paths, each of the connecting branches is electrically connected to one of the connecting paths at a first connecting node and is electrically connected to the other connecting path at a second connecting node, the path length from the first connecting node to the corresponding feed point is consistent with the path length from the second node to the corresponding feed point, and the path lengths of the two connecting paths electrically connected to the connecting branch are consistent.

[0011] In an exemplary embodiment, the path length of the connecting branch is 0.1 to 0.35 times the operating wavelength of the antenna.

[0012] In an exemplary embodiment, the second feeding structure layer includes at least one first dielectric substrate;

[0013] Each of the connection paths includes at least one first connection structure, the first connection structure passes through at least one of the first dielectric substrates, and each of the feed points is electrically connected to one of the second ports through at least a portion of the first connection structure.

[0014] In an exemplary embodiment, the second feeding structure layer includes at least two first dielectric substrates;

[0015] The connection path further includes at least one second connection structure, at least part of the second connection structure is located between two adjacent first dielectric substrates, and each of the feed points is electrically connected to one of the second ports through at least part of the first connection structure and at least part of the second connection structure.

[0016] In an exemplary embodiment, the plurality of connection paths further include at least one connection branch, wherein the connection branch is provided between two adjacent first dielectric substrates;

[0017] The connecting branch and at least part of the second connecting structures in the at least two connecting pathways are located in the same film layer, and the second connecting structures in the at least two connecting pathways located in the same film layer are electrically connected via the connecting branch.

[0018] In an exemplary embodiment, at least a portion of the second connection structures in the connection path is located on a side of the second feeding structure layer away from the radiation structure layer.

[0019] In an exemplary embodiment, the plurality of connection paths further include at least one connection branch, and the connection branch is provided on a side of the second feeding structure layer away from the radiation structure layer;

[0020] The connecting branch and the second connecting structures in the at least two connecting pathways are located in the same film layer, and the second connecting structures in the at least two connecting pathways located in the same film layer are electrically connected via the connecting branch.

[0021] In an exemplary embodiment, each feed point includes at least one feed point, each connection path includes at least one connection path, at least part of the feed points of at least one feed point is electrically connected to the first feed structure layer through at least one connection path of one of the connection paths, and at least part of the feed points of at least one feed point is electrically connected to at least two of the second ports through at least part of the connection paths of at least two of the connection paths.

[0022] In an exemplary embodiment, the multiple connection paths include a first type of connection path and a second type of connection path, the first type of connection path includes at least one connection path, the second type of connection path includes at least two connection paths, the multiple feed points include a first type of feed point and a second type of feed point, the first type of feed point and the second type of feed point each include at least one feed point, the multiple second ports include at least two, the at least two second ports are electrically connected to at least one feed point of the second type of feed point through at least two connection paths of the second type of connection path, and at least one feed point of the first type of feed point is electrically connected to the first feeding structure layer through at least one connection path of the first type of connection path.

[0023] In an exemplary embodiment, among the at least two connection pathways of the second type, the second path length of at least one connection pathway is less than the first path length of the first type of connection pathway, and the third path length of at least one connection pathway is greater than the first path length of the first type of connection pathway.

[0024] In an exemplary embodiment, the difference between the second path length and the first path length is 0.1 to 0.35 times the antenna operating wavelength, and the difference between the third path length and the first path length is 0.1 to 0.35 times the antenna operating wavelength.

[0025] In an exemplary embodiment, at least two of the second type connection paths are electrically connected at a third connection node, and at least two of the second type connection paths share a communication path between the third connection node and the second type feed point.

[0026] In an exemplary embodiment, the second feeding structure layer includes at least one first dielectric substrate; the feeding points include first-type feeding points and second-type feeding points; and the plurality of connection paths include first-type connection paths and second-type connection paths;

[0027] At least part of the connection path includes at least one first connection structure, at least part of the connection path includes at least one first connection path and at least one second connection structure, the first connection structure passes through at least one first dielectric substrate, at least part of the second connection structure is located on the side of the second feeding structure layer away from the radiation structure layer, at least part of the first type of feed point is electrically connected to the first feeding structure layer through at least part of the first connection structure in at least part of the first type of connection path or through at least part of the first connection structure and at least part of the second connection structure in at least part of the first type of connection path, and at least part of the second type of feed point is electrically connected to at least two second ports through at least part of the first connection structure of at least two connection paths in the second type of connection path or through at least part of the first connection structure and at least part of the second connection structure of at least two connection paths in the second type of connection path.

[0028] In an exemplary embodiment, the second feeding structure layer includes at least two first dielectric substrates, and at least a portion of the second connection structure is located between two adjacent first dielectric substrates.

[0029] In an exemplary embodiment, the first feeding structure layer includes a phase-shifting structure and a transmission structure, the transmission structure including a first transmission structure and a second transmission structure, the phase-shifting structure including a first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite each other, and a variable dielectric layer disposed between the first and second substrates, a first conductive layer disposed on a side of the first substrate close to the second substrate, and a second conductive layer disposed on a side of the second substrate close to the first substrate; the first conductive layer is provided with a first electrode and the first transmission structure, the second conductive layer is provided with a second electrode and the second transmission structure, the first transmission structure is electrically connected to the first electrode, the second transmission structure is electrically connected to the second electrode, the orthographic projections of the first electrode and the second electrode on the first substrate at least partially overlap, and the first transmission structure is electrically connected to the first port;

[0030] A reference ground structure layer or a third conductive patch is provided on the side of the second substrate away from the radiation structure layer. The third conductive patch at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first transmission structure on the first substrate, and the orthographic projections of the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer on the first substrate are within the range of the orthographic projection of the reference ground structure layer on the first substrate.

[0031] In an exemplary embodiment, the first feeding structure layer includes a stacked second substrate, a first conductive layer, and a first substrate; a reference ground structure layer or a third conductive patch is provided on a side of the second substrate away from the radiation structure layer; the first conductive layer is provided with a first transmission structure; the first port is electrically connected to the first transmission structure; the third conductive patch at least partially overlaps with an orthographic projection of the first transmission structure on the first substrate; and the orthographic projection of the first conductive layer on the first substrate is within the range of the orthographic projection of the reference ground structure layer on the first substrate.

[0032] In an exemplary embodiment, the first feeding structure layer further includes a variable dielectric layer and a second conductive layer. In a direction perpendicular to the plane of the first substrate, the variable dielectric layer is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, the first conductive layer is disposed on a side of the first substrate close to the second substrate, and the second conductive layer is disposed on a side of the second substrate close to the first substrate.

[0033] The first conductive layer is also provided with a first electrode electrically connected to the first transmission structure, the second conductive layer is provided with a second electrode and a second transmission structure, the second transmission structure is electrically connected to the second electrode, the orthographic projections of the first transmission structure and the second transmission structure on the first substrate at least partially overlap, and the orthographic projections of the first electrode and the second electrode on the first substrate at least partially overlap.

[0034] In an exemplary embodiment, the first feeding structure layer further includes a third conductive layer, the third conductive layer being located on a side of the first substrate away from the second substrate, the third conductive layer including a first conductive patch, the first conductive patch being provided with a first slit, the first slit at least partially overlapping with an orthographic projection of the first transmission structure on the first substrate, and the first port being electrically connected to the first transmission structure via the first conductive patch;

[0035] Alternatively, the first feeding structure layer includes a conductive connection structure, which passes through the first substrate in a direction perpendicular to the plane where the first substrate is located and is electrically connected to the first port and the first transmission structure.

[0036] In an exemplary embodiment, the first feeding structure layer includes at least one of a microstrip line coupled feeding structure, a stripline coupled feeding structure, and a probe feeding structure, and the second feeding structure layer includes at least one of a microstrip line coupled feeding structure and a probe feeding structure.

[0037] In an exemplary embodiment, the radiating structure layer includes a layer of radiating patches;

[0038] Alternatively, the radiation structure layer includes multiple layers of radiation patches and at least one second dielectric substrate, and in a direction perpendicular to the plane where the first substrate is located, each second dielectric substrate is located between two adjacent layers of radiation patches, and the orthographic projections of the multiple layers of radiation patches on the second dielectric substrate at least partially overlap.

[0039] In an exemplary embodiment, the radiation patch is square in shape, at least one of the at least two feed points is located on at least one midline of the square radiation patch, at least one feed point is located on at least one diagonal of the square radiation patch, and the feed points located on the midline and the diagonal are close to the edge of the square radiation patch;

[0040] Alternatively, the radiation patch is in the shape of a rhombus, at least one of the at least two feed points is located on a line connecting the midpoints of at least one set of opposite sides of the rhombus-shaped radiation patch, at least one feed point is located on at least one diagonal line of the rhombus-shaped radiation patch, and the feed points located on the midpoint connecting line and the diagonal line are close to the edge of the rhombus-shaped radiation patch;

[0041] Alternatively, the radiation patch is circular in shape, and at least two feeding points are respectively located on at least two midlines of the square radiation patch, and the feeding points located on the midlines are close to the edge of the circular radiation patch;

[0042] Alternatively, the shape of the radiation patch is a combination of two relatively set semicircles and a rectangle, the rectangle is located between the two relatively set semicircles, and at least two feeding points are respectively located on at least two midlines of the circle where the semicircles are located, and the feeding point located on the midline is close to the edge of the semicircle.

[0043] In an exemplary embodiment, a plurality of support structures are further provided between the first feeding structure layer and the second feeding structure layer in a direction perpendicular to the plane where the first feeding structure layer is located, and the support structures are configured to support the first feeding structure layer and the second feeding structure layer to form an accommodating space for accommodating the switch structure;

[0044] Alternatively, in a direction perpendicular to the plane where the first feeding structure layer is located, a switch structure layer is provided between the first feeding structure layer and the second feeding structure layer, and the switch structure is integrated in the switch structure layer.

[0045] In an exemplary embodiment, the switch structure further includes control ports having the same number as the second ports, and the control ports are configured to receive control signals to control the first ports to communicate with the corresponding second ports.

[0046] In an exemplary embodiment, there are multiple antenna units, and the multiple antenna units are arranged in an array.

[0047] In an exemplary embodiment, the radiation structure layer includes a radiation patch, and positions of the same type of feed points in at least some of the plurality of antenna units on the radiation patch are not completely consistent.

[0048] In an exemplary embodiment, the plurality of antenna units include a plurality of antenna unit groups, the plurality of antenna unit groups are arranged in an array, and the plurality of antenna units in the same antenna unit group share a switch structure.

[0049] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure further provides an electronic device comprising the antenna described in any of the above embodiments.

[0050] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method for driving an antenna, wherein the antenna includes at least one antenna unit, the antenna unit including a stacked first feed structure layer, a second feed structure layer, and a radiation structure layer, wherein a switch structure is provided between the first feed structure layer and the second feed structure layer; the second feed structure layer is provided with multiple connection paths, the radiation structure layer includes multiple feed points, the switch structure includes a first port and multiple second ports, the first port is electrically connected to the first feed structure layer, and at least two of the second ports are electrically connected to at least part of the feed points through at least two of the connection paths; the driving method includes:

[0051] A control voltage is applied to the switch structure to control the first port to be connected to at least a portion of the second port, thereby controlling the polarization mode of the antenna.

[0052] In an exemplary embodiment, the first feeding structure layer includes a phase-shifting structure and a transmission structure, the transmission structure includes a first transmission structure and a second transmission structure, the phase-shifting structure includes a first substrate and a second substrate arranged opposite to each other, and a variable dielectric layer provided between the first substrate and the second substrate, a first conductive layer is provided on a side of the first substrate close to the second substrate, and a second conductive layer is provided on a side of the second substrate close to the first substrate; the first conductive layer is provided with a first electrode and the first transmission structure, the second conductive layer is provided with a second electrode and the second transmission structure, the first transmission structure is electrically connected to the first electrode, the second transmission structure is electrically connected to the second electrode, the orthographic projections of the first electrode and the second electrode on the first substrate at least partially overlap, the orthographic projections of the first transmission structure and the second transmission structure on the first substrate at least partially overlap, and the first transmission structure is electrically connected to the first port, and the driving method further includes:

[0053] A driving voltage is applied to the first electrode and the second electrode.

[0054] Still other aspects will become apparent upon reading and understanding the accompanying drawings and detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0055] The accompanying drawings are intended to provide a further understanding of the technical solutions of the present disclosure and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present disclosure, they are used to explain the technical solutions of the present disclosure and do not constitute a limitation of the technical solutions of the present disclosure. The shapes and sizes of each component in the drawings do not reflect the actual scale and are intended only to illustrate the contents of the present disclosure.

[0056] FIG1 is a schematic diagram showing a cross-sectional structure of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0057] FIG2 is a schematic diagram showing a cross-sectional structure of an antenna provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0058] FIG3 a is a schematic diagram showing a cross-sectional structure of an antenna provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0059] FIG3 b is a schematic diagram showing a cross-sectional structure of an antenna provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0060] FIG4 a is a schematic cross-sectional view of an antenna structure provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0061] FIG4 b is a schematic cross-sectional view of an antenna structure provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0062] FIG4 c is a schematic diagram showing a planar structure of a first conductive layer provided on a first substrate according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0063] FIG4 d is a schematic diagram showing a planar structure of a second conductive layer provided on a second substrate according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0064] FIG5a is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0065] FIG5 b is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0066] FIG5c is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0067] FIG5 d is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0068] FIG5e is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0069] FIG5 f is a schematic diagram showing a planar structure of a first connecting branch provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0070] FIG5g is a schematic diagram showing a planar structure of a first connecting branch provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0071] FIG6 a is a schematic cross-sectional view of an antenna structure provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0072] FIG6 b is a schematic cross-sectional view of an antenna structure provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0073] FIG6 c is a schematic cross-sectional view of an antenna structure provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0074] FIG6 d is a schematic cross-sectional view of an antenna structure provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0075] FIG6e is a schematic cross-sectional view of an antenna structure provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0076] FIG6f is a schematic cross-sectional view of an antenna structure provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0077] FIG7 a is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0078] FIG7 b is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0079] FIG7c is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0080] FIG7 d is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0081] FIG8 a is a schematic diagram showing a planar structure of a microstrip line coupled feeding structure provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0082] FIG8 b is a schematic cross-sectional view of a microstrip line coupled feeding structure provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0083] FIG8 c is a schematic cross-sectional view of a stripline coupled feeding structure provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0084] FIG9 a is a schematic diagram showing a planar structure of a probe feeding structure provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0085] FIG9 b is a schematic cross-sectional view of a probe feeding structure provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0086] FIG10 a is a schematic diagram showing a cross-sectional structure of an antenna provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0087] FIG10 b is a schematic diagram showing a cross-sectional structure of an antenna provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0088] FIG11 is a schematic plan view of a radiation patch of an antenna provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0089] FIG12 is a schematic plan view of a radiation patch of an antenna provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0090] FIG13a is a schematic plan view of a radiation patch of an antenna provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0091] FIG13 b is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0092] FIG14 is a schematic diagram of a switch structure provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0093] FIG15 is a schematic diagram of a switch structure provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0094] FIG16 is a schematic diagram showing a connection between a switch structure and a second connection structure provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0095] FIG17 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0096] FIG18 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0097] FIG19 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0098] FIG20 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0099] FIG21 is a flow chart showing an antenna driving method provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0100] The embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The embodiments can be implemented in a number of different forms. A person of ordinary skill in the art can easily understand the fact that the methods and contents can be transformed into various forms without departing from the purpose and scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the present disclosure should not be interpreted as being limited to the contents described in the following embodiments. Unless there is a conflict, the embodiments in the present disclosure and the features in the embodiments can be arbitrarily combined with each other. In order to keep the following description of the embodiments of the present disclosure clear and concise, the present disclosure omits detailed descriptions of some known functions and known components. The drawings of the embodiments of the present disclosure only involve structures related to the embodiments of the present disclosure. Other structures can refer to the general design

[0101] The scales of the figures in this disclosure are intended to serve as a reference for actual processes, but are not intended to be limiting. For example, the thickness and spacing of each film layer, and the width and spacing of each signal line, can be adjusted based on actual conditions. The figures described in this disclosure are merely schematic diagrams of the structures, and one embodiment of this disclosure is not limited to the shapes or values ​​shown in the figures.

[0102] In this specification, ordinal numbers such as “first”, “second” and “third” are provided to avoid confusion among constituent elements, and are not intended to limit the number.

[0103] In this specification, for convenience, words and phrases indicating orientation or positional relationships, such as "middle," "upper," "lower," "front," "back," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inside," and "outside," are used to illustrate the positional relationships of constituent elements with reference to the accompanying drawings. This is merely for the purpose of facilitating the description of this specification and simplifying the description, and is not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present disclosure. The positional relationships of constituent elements may be appropriately changed depending on the direction in which each constituent element is described. Therefore, the present disclosure is not limited to the words and phrases described in the specification and may be appropriately replaced depending on the circumstances.

[0104] In this specification, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed, removable, or integral connections; mechanical or electrical connections; direct connections, indirect connections through intermediaries, or internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of these terms in this disclosure.

[0105] In this specification, "electrically connected" includes components connected together via an element having some electrical function. There are no particular limitations on the "element having some electrical function" as long as it enables the transfer of electrical signals between the connected components. Examples of "element having some electrical function" include not only electrodes and wiring but also switching elements such as transistors, resistors, inductors, capacitors, and other components with one or more functions.

[0106] In this specification, "parallel" refers to a state where the angle formed by two straight lines is greater than -10° and less than 10°, and thus includes a state where the angle is greater than -5° and less than 5°. Furthermore, "perpendicular" refers to a state where the angle formed by two straight lines is greater than 80° and less than 100°, and thus includes a state where the angle is greater than 85° and less than 95°.

[0107] In this specification, the terms "film" and "layer" may be interchanged. For example, "conductive layer" may be replaced with "conductive film." Similarly, "insulating film" may be replaced with "insulating layer."

[0108] The triangles, rectangles, trapezoids, pentagons or hexagons in this specification are not in the strict sense, but may be approximate triangles, rectangles, trapezoids, pentagons or hexagons, etc. There may be some small deformations caused by tolerances, and there may be chamfers, arc edges and deformations.

[0109] The term "about" in the present disclosure refers to a numerical value that is not strictly defined and allows for process and measurement errors.

[0110] The "thickness" in this disclosure refers to the dimension of the film layer in the direction perpendicular to the substrate.

[0111] Typically, due to complex design and insufficient space, liquid crystal antennas can only be arranged with a set of phase shifting units and routing systems within a limited space. The single-polarized liquid crystal antenna designed in this way can only achieve one polarization, and its function is very limited. That is, since the polarization of the liquid crystal antenna is fixed, there is a problem of low polarization flexibility.

[0112] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides an antenna, which may include at least one antenna unit, wherein the antenna unit includes a stacked first feeding structure layer, a second feeding structure layer, and a radiation structure layer, and a switch structure is provided between the first feeding structure layer and the second feeding structure layer;

[0113] The second feeding structure layer is provided with a plurality of connection paths, the radiating structure layer includes a plurality of feeding points, the switch structure includes a first port and a plurality of second ports, the first port is electrically connected to the first feeding structure layer, and at least two of the second ports are electrically connected to at least two of the feeding points via at least two of the connection paths, respectively;

[0114] The switch structure is configured to control the first port to be connected to at least a portion of the second port, thereby controlling the polarization mode of the antenna.

[0115] In the antenna provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure, the second feed structure layer is provided with multiple connection paths, the radiation structure layer includes at least two feed points, the switch structure includes a first port and multiple second ports, the first port is electrically connected to the first feed structure layer, and the at least two second ports are electrically connected to the at least two feed points through at least two connection paths respectively; the switch structure is configured to control the connection between the first port and at least some of the second ports, thereby controlling the polarization mode of the antenna, which can improve polarization flexibility.

[0116] In an exemplary embodiment, the switch structure can control the first port to be connected to different second ports, thereby changing the polarization mode of the antenna. That is, the polarization mode of the antenna is switched by the switch structure to achieve variable polarization of the antenna, which greatly improves the polarization flexibility and freedom of the antenna.

[0117] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG1 to FIG5 d , the antenna may include at least one antenna unit 100 , and the antenna unit 100 may include a stacked first feed structure layer 11 , a second feed structure layer 12 , and a radiation structure layer 13 , with a switch structure 14 provided between the first feed structure layer 11 and the second feed structure layer 12 ;

[0118] The second feeding structure layer 12 is provided with a plurality of connection paths L0, the radiation structure layer 13 may include a plurality of feeding points K0, the switch structure 14 may include a first port R1 and a plurality of second ports R2, the first port R1 is electrically connected to the first feeding structure layer 11, and at least two second ports R2 are electrically connected to at least two feeding points K0 via at least two connection paths L0 respectively;

[0119] The switch structure 14 is configured to control the first port R1 to be connected to at least a portion of the second port R2, thereby controlling the polarization of the antenna.

[0120] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 1 to 5d, multiple feeding points K0 can be electrically connected to multiple second ports R2 through multiple connecting paths L0, each feeding point K0 may include at least one feeding point, each connecting path may include at least one connecting path L0, at least two ports R2 are electrically connected to at least two feeding points K0 through at least two connecting paths L0, and each second port R2 can be electrically connected to at least one feeding point K0 of one of the feeding points through at least one connecting path L0 in at least one connecting path.

[0121] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 5a and 5c, Figure 5a is a schematic diagram of a signal path of the antenna shown in Figures 1 to 4a, and Figure 5c is a schematic diagram of a signal path of the antenna shown in Figures 1 to 2 and Figures 3b to 4a. The multiple feeding points K0 may include a first feeding point K1 and a second feeding point K2, the multiple connecting paths L0 may include a first connecting path L01 and a second connecting path L02, the multiple second ports R2 may include a first sub-port R21 and a second sub-port R22, the first feeding point K1 may be electrically connected to the first sub-port R21 through the first connecting path L01, and the second feeding point K2 may be electrically connected to the second sub-port R22 through the second connecting path L02.

[0122] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figure 5b, which is a signal path diagram of the antenna shown in Figure 4b, the multiple feed points K0 may include a third feed point K3 and a second feed point K4, the multiple connection paths L0 may include a third connection path L03 and a fourth connection path L04, the multiple second ports R2 may include a third sub-port R23 and a fourth sub-port R24, the third feed point K3 may be electrically connected to the third sub-port R23 through the third connection path L03, and the fourth feed point K4 may be electrically connected to the fourth sub-port R24 through the fourth connection path L04.

[0123] In an exemplary real-time manner, the radiating structure layer 13 may include at least two of the first feed point K1 to the fourth feed point K4, as shown in FIG5d (FIG5d may be a path diagram of the antenna shown in FIG1 to FIG4b), the multiple feed points K0 may include four feed points from the first feed point K1 to the fourth feed point K4, the multiple connection paths L0 may include the first connection path L01 to the fourth connection path L04, the second port R2 may include the first sub-port R21 to the fourth sub-port R24, and the first feed point K1 to the fourth feed point K4 may be electrically connected to the first sub-port R21 to the fourth sub-port R24 respectively through the first connection path L01 to the fourth connection path L04. In an exemplary real-time manner, the number of the first feed point K1 to the fourth feed point K4 in FIG5d can be set to two (as shown in FIG5d), or one can be set (the number of the first feed point K1 to the fourth feed point K4 is set to one). In an exemplary embodiment, the first feed point K1 to the fourth feed point K4 are optional positions for setting feed points in the radiation structure layer 13. In practice, only one or more feed points may be set to work. When one or two of the feed points need to be set to work, other non-working feed points may not be set with connection paths (that is, unnecessary feed points may be deleted).

[0124] In an exemplary embodiment, in Figure 5a, when the switch structure 14 controls the first port R1 to be connected to the first sub-port R21, the polarization mode of the antenna is vertical linear polarization; when the switch structure 14 controls the first port R1 to be connected to the second sub-port R22, the polarization mode of the antenna is horizontal linear polarization; in the schematic diagram of the connection path shown in Figure 5a, the switch structure 14 can be used to control the first port R1 to be connected to the first sub-port R21 or to the second sub-port R22, thereby switching the polarization mode of the antenna, for example, from vertical linear polarization to horizontal linear polarization, or from horizontal linear polarization to vertical linear polarization. In an exemplary embodiment, in FIG5a, the switch structure 14 can control the first port R1 to be connected to the first sub-port R21 and the second sub-port R22 at the same time, forming circular polarization, elliptical polarization, and -45° linear polarization (circular polarization is obtained when the difference between the path length from the first feed point K1 to the first sub-port R21 and the path length from the second feed point K2 to the second sub-port R21 is 0.25λ, and elliptical polarization is obtained when the difference between the path length from the first feed point K1 to the first sub-port R21 and the path length from the second feed point K2 to the second sub-port R21 is not 0.25λ and is not 0, and the difference between the path length from the first feed point K1 to the first sub-port R21 and the path length from the second feed point K2 to the second sub-port R21 is not 0.25λ and is not 0, and the difference between the path length from the first feed point K1 to the first sub-port R21 and the path length from the second feed point K2 to the second sub-port R21 is not 0.25λ and is not 0). When λ is 0, it is -45° linear polarization, and λ is the vacuum wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency of the antenna), that is, the switch structure 14 can control the first port R1 to be connected with at least one of the first sub-port R21 and the second sub-port R22, so as to realize the switching of the three polarization modes of the antenna: horizontal linear polarization, vertical linear polarization, and circular polarization (or elliptical polarization, or -45° linear polarization) (usually, after the antenna is designed, the path length from the first feed point K1 to the first sub-port R21 and the path length from the second feed point K2 to the second sub-port R21 have been set. When the first feed point K1 and the second feed point K2 work at the same time, the polarization mode is one of circular polarization, elliptical polarization, and -45° linear polarization).

[0125] In an exemplary embodiment, in Figure 5b, when the switch structure 14 controls the first port R1 to be connected to the third sub-port R23, the polarization mode of the antenna is 45° linear polarization; when the switch structure 14 controls the first port R1 to be connected to the fourth sub-port R24, the polarization mode of the antenna is -45° linear polarization; in the schematic diagram of the connection path shown in Figure 5b, the switch structure 14 can be used to control the first port R1 to be connected to the third sub-port R23 or to the fourth sub-port R24, thereby switching the polarization mode of the antenna, for example, from 45° linear polarization to -45° linear polarization, or from -45° linear polarization to 45° linear polarization. In an exemplary embodiment, in Figure 5b, the switch structure 14 can control the first port R1 to be connected to the third sub-port R23 and the fourth sub-port R24 at the same time to form vertical linear polarization, that is, the switch structure 14 can control the first port R1 to be connected to at least one of the third sub-port R23 and the fourth sub-port R24 to achieve switching of the antenna's three polarization modes: -45° linear polarization, 45° linear polarization, and vertical linear polarization.

[0126] In an exemplary embodiment, in FIG5d, the switch structure 14 can control the first port R1 to be connected to at least one of the first sub-port R21 to the fourth sub-port R24, so that the antenna can switch between multiple polarization modes, including vertical linear polarization, horizontal linear polarization, 45° linear polarization, -45° linear polarization, and circular polarization (or elliptical polarization). In an exemplary embodiment, in FIG5e, the switch structure 14 can control the first port R1 to be connected to at least one of the first sub-port R21 to the fourth sub-port R24, so that the antenna can switch between multiple polarization modes, including vertical linear polarization, horizontal linear polarization, and circular polarization (or elliptical polarization); in the signal path (i.e., the path of the connection path) shown in FIG5e, the first sub-port R21 and the third sub-port R23 are electrically connected to the second feeding point K1 through the first connection path L01 (R21-A2-K1) and the third connection path L03 (R23-A1-A2-K1), respectively, and the second sub-port R22 and the fourth sub-port R23 are electrically connected to the second feeding point K1 through the first connection path L01 (R21-A2-K1) and the third connection path L03 (R23-A1-A2-K1). The port R24 is electrically connected to the second feeding point K2 through the second connection path L02 (R22-A4-K2) and the fourth connection path L04 (R24-A3-A4-K2), respectively. The path length of the third connection path L03 is greater than the path length of the first connection path L01. The switch structure 14 controls the first port R1 to control the phase angle of vertical linear polarization when the first sub-port R21 is connected to one of the third sub-port R23; the switch structure 14 controls the first port R1 to control the phase angle of horizontal linear polarization when the second sub-port R22 is connected to one of the fourth sub-port R24.

[0127] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figure 5c , the antenna unit 100 may further include at least one connecting branch L10, each connecting branch L10 being configured to electrically connect at least two connecting paths L0 of the at least two connecting paths. Figure 5c is a schematic diagram of a connecting path (or signal path) in the antenna shown in Figure 1 . The at least one connecting branch L10 may include a first connecting branch L101, and at least a portion of the first connecting path L01 and at least a portion of the second connecting path L02 may be electrically connected via the first connecting branch L101.

[0128] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figure 5c, each connecting branch L10 can be configured to electrically connect two connecting paths, each connecting branch L10 is electrically connected to one of the connecting paths at a first connecting node A1, and is electrically connected to the other connecting path at a second connecting node A2, and the path length from the first connecting node A1 to the corresponding feeding point (the feeding point electrically connected to the connecting path where the first connecting node is located) is consistent with the path length from the second node A2 to the corresponding feeding point (the feeding point electrically connected to the connecting path where the first connecting node is located), and is consistent with the path length of the two connecting paths electrically connected by the connecting branch. In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG5c , the feeding point may include a first feeding point K1 and a second feeding point K2, the connecting path L0 may include a first connecting path L01 and a second connecting path L02, the connecting branch L140 may include a first connecting branch L101, the first connecting branch L101 and the first connecting path L01 may be electrically connected at a first connecting node A1, the first connecting branch L101 and the second connecting path L02 may be electrically connected at a second connecting node A2, the path length from the first connecting node A1 to the first feeding point K1 may be consistent with the path length from the second node A2 to the second feeding point K2, and the path length of the first connecting path L01 may be consistent with the path length of the second connecting path L02; as shown in FIG5c , the plurality of second ports R2 may include a first port R21 and a second port R22, the first connecting path L01 is electrically connected to the first port R21, the second connecting path L02 is electrically connected to the second port R22, and the path length from the first node A1 to the first sub-port R21 is consistent with the path length from the second node A2 to the second sub-port R22.

[0129] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG5c , the path length of the connecting branch L10 may be 0.1 to 0.35 times the antenna operating wavelength. In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG5c , the path length of the first connecting branch L101 may be 0.1 to 0.35 times the antenna operating wavelength. For example, as shown in FIG5c , the path length of the first connecting branch L101 may be 0.25 times the antenna operating wavelength.

[0130] In an exemplary embodiment, when the path lengths of the two connecting pathways L0 are the same, the phase difference can be controlled by setting the path length of the connecting branch L10 connecting the two connecting pathways L0. As shown in Figure 5c, when the path length of the first connecting pathway L01 is equal to the path length of the second connecting pathway L02, the phase difference between the first feed point K1 and the second feed point K2 can be controlled by controlling the path length of the first connecting branch L101. When the path length of the first connecting branch L101 is approximately 0.25 times the antenna operating wavelength, the phase difference between the first feed point K1 and the second feed point K2 is 90° or -90°, and the switch structure 14 can control the first port R1 to connect to the first sub-port R21 or the second sub-port R22 to achieve left-hand circular polarization or right-hand circular polarization. When the path length of the first connecting branch L101 is not 0.25 times the antenna operating wavelength, the switch structure 14 can control the first port R1 to connect to the first sub-port R21 or the second sub-port R22 to achieve left-hand elliptical polarization or right-hand elliptical polarization.

[0131] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG5c , in a structure where the path lengths of the first connection path L01 and the second connection path L02 are the same, and the path length of A2-K2 is the same as the path length of A1-K1, the first port R1 is connected to the first sub-port R21 or the second sub-port R22, and the electromagnetic wave signal transmission path and polarization mode (which can be understood as a polarization mode) in the antenna are as follows:

[0132] When the switch structure 14 controls the first port R1 to be connected to the first sub-port R21, the transmission paths of the electromagnetic wave signal include two: the first path is R21-A1-K1, and the second path is R21-A1-A2-K2. The second path has the path length of the first connecting branch L101 more than the first path (that is, the path A1-A2 is added). The electromagnetic wave signal reaches the second feeding point K2 and generates a phase lag compared with the first feeding point K1. If the path length of the first connecting branch L101 is 0.25λ (λ is the vacuum wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency of the antenna), the electromagnetic wave signal reaches the second feeding point K2 and generates a 90° phase lag compared with the first feeding point K1. According to the principle of polarization synthesis, the radiation structure layer 13 will generate a Left-hand circularly polarized radiation; when the switch structure 14 controls the first port R1 to be connected to the second sub-port R22, the transmission paths of the electromagnetic wave signal include two: the first path is R22-A2-K2, and the second path is R22-A2-A1-K1. The second path has the path length of the first connecting branch L101 more than the first path (that is, the path A2-A1 is added). The electromagnetic wave signal has a phase lag when it reaches the first feeding point K1 compared to the second feeding point K2. If the path length of the first connecting branch L101 is 0.25λ, the electromagnetic wave signal has a 90° phase lag when it reaches the first feeding point K1 compared to the second feeding point K2. According to the polarization synthesis principle, the radiation structure layer 13 will generate a right-hand circularly polarized radiation. Therefore, the switch structure 14 can be used to control the first port R1 to be connected to the first sub-port R21 or the second sub-port R22, so that the antenna can switch between the two polarization modes of left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization.

[0133] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG5c , in a structure in which the path lengths of the first connecting path L01 and the second connecting path L02 are consistent, the path length of the first connecting branch L101 is not 0.25 times the antenna operating wavelength (i.e., 0.25λ, where λ is the vacuum wavelength corresponding to the antenna's operating frequency), the path length of A2-K2 is consistent with the path length of A1-K1, or the path length of R21-A1 is inconsistent with the path length of R22-A2, when the switch structure 14 controls the first port R1 to be connected to the first sub-port R21, the difference in path length between the first path R21-A1-K1 and the second path R21-A1-A2-K2 is not 0.25λ, and the electromagnetic wave signal arrives The electromagnetic wave signal reaches the second feed point K2 with a non-90-degree phase lag compared to the first feed point K1. According to the polarization synthesis principle, the radiating structure layer 13 generates left-handed elliptically polarized radiation. When the switch structure 14 controls the connection between the first port R1 and the second sub-port R22, the difference between the path lengths of the first path R22-A2-K2 and the second path R22-A2-A1-K1 (i.e., the path length of the first connecting branch L101, which is also the path length of the path A2-A1) is not 0.25λ. The electromagnetic wave signal reaches the first feed point K1 with a non-90-degree phase lag compared to the second feed point K2. According to the polarization synthesis principle, the radiating structure layer 13 generates right-handed elliptically polarized radiation. Therefore, the switch structure 14 can be used to control the connection between the first port R1 and the first sub-port R21 or the second sub-port R22, thereby enabling the antenna to switch between left-handed elliptically polarized and right-handed elliptically polarized modes.

[0134] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG1 to FIG4 b , the second feeding structure layer 12 may include at least one first dielectric substrate c1 ;

[0135] Each connection path L0 may include at least one first connection structure 121 , which passes through at least one first dielectric substrate c1 . Each feeding point K0 may be electrically connected to one of the second ports R2 via at least a portion of the first connection structure 121 .

[0136] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 3a and 5a, the second feeding structure layer 12 may include a first dielectric substrate c1, the connecting path L0 may include a first connecting path L01 and a second connecting path L02, the first connecting path L01 may include at least one first connecting structure 121, the first connecting structure 121 extending through the first dielectric substrate c1, and each first feeding point K1 may be electrically connected to the first sub-port R21 via at least a portion of the first connecting structure 121 in the first connecting path L01; the second connecting path L02 may include at least one first connecting structure 121, the second connecting structure 121 extending through the first dielectric substrate c1, and each second feeding point K2 may be electrically connected to the second sub-port R22 via at least a portion of the first connecting structure 121 in the second connecting path L02. For example, in the structure shown in Figure 3a, a first feeding point K1 may be electrically connected to the first sub-port R21 via a first connecting structure 121 in the first connecting path L01, and a second feeding point K2 may be electrically connected to the second sub-port R22 via a first connecting structure 121 in the second connecting path L02.

[0137] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG1 to FIG2 and FIG4a to FIG4b, the second feeding structure layer 12 may include at least two first dielectric substrates c1;

[0138] The connection path L0 may further include at least one second connection structure 122 , at least part of which is located between two adjacent first dielectric substrates c1 , and each feeding point K0 may be electrically connected to one of the second ports R2 via at least part of the first connection structure 121 and at least part of the second connection structure 122 .

[0139] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 4b and 5b, the second feeding structure layer 12 may include two first dielectric substrates c1, which may include a first dielectric substrate c11 and a first dielectric substrate c12. The third connecting path L03 may include at least one first connecting structure 121 and at least one second connecting structure 122. The first connecting structure 121 passes through the first dielectric substrate c1. Each third feeding point K3 may be electrically connected to the first sub-port R21 through at least a portion of the first connecting structure 121 and at least a portion of the second connecting structure 122 in the third connecting path L03. The fourth connecting path L04 may include at least one first connecting structure 121 and at least one second connecting structure 122. The first connecting structure 121 passes through the first dielectric substrate c1. Each fourth feeding point K4 may be electrically connected to the second sub-port R22 through at least a portion of the first connecting structure 121 and at least a portion of the second connecting structure 122 in the fourth connecting path L04. For example, in the structure shown in Figure 4b, a third feeding point K3 can be electrically connected to the third sub-port R23 through two first connection structures 121 and two second connection structures 122 in the third connection path L03, and a fourth feeding point K4 can be electrically connected to the fourth sub-port R24 through two first connection structures 121 and two second connection structures 122 in the fourth connection path L04.

[0140] In an exemplary embodiment, the number of first dielectric substrates c1 can be set according to the structure of the actual connection path. As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the second feeding structure layer 12 may include three first dielectric substrates c1 (c11, c12, c13); as shown in Figures 3a and 3b, the second feeding structure layer 12 may include one first dielectric substrate c1 (c11); as shown in Figures 4a and 4b, the second feeding structure layer 12 may include two first dielectric substrates c1 (c11, c12).

[0141] In an exemplary embodiment, in the structure shown in Figures 1 and 2, the second feeding structure layer 12 may include three first dielectric substrates c1 (c11, c12, c13), each first feeding point K1 may be electrically connected to the first feeding point K1 through at least a portion of the first connecting structure 121 and at least a portion of the second connecting structure 122 in the first connecting path L01, and each second feeding point K2 may be electrically connected to the second feeding point K2 through at least a portion of the first connecting structure 121 and at least a portion of the second connecting structure 122 in the second connecting path L02; for example, in the structure shown in Figures 1 and 2, in combination with Figure 5a, the antenna may include a first feeding point K1 and a second feeding point K2, the connecting path L0 may include a first connecting path L01 and a second connecting path L02, and the first feeding point K1 may be electrically connected to the first sub-port R2 through the three first connecting structures 121 and the three second connecting structures 122 in the first connecting path L01. 1 is electrically connected, and the second feeding point K2 can be electrically connected to the second sub-port R22 through the three first connection structures 121 and the three second connection structures 122 in the second connection path L02.

[0142] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG5c, in the structures shown in FIG1 to FIG2 and FIG4a, the plurality of connection paths L0 may further include at least one connection branch L10, and the connection branch L10 may be provided between two adjacent first dielectric substrates c1;

[0143] The connecting branch L10 and at least part of the second connecting structures 122 in the at least two connecting paths L0 are located in the same film layer. The second connecting structures 122 in the at least two connecting paths L0 located in the same film layer can be electrically connected through the connecting branch L10.

[0144] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG1 and FIG5 c , the connecting branch L10 may include a first connecting branch L101. The first connecting branch L101 may be disposed between two adjacent first dielectric substrates c1 (for example, as shown in FIG5 f , the first connecting branch L101 may be disposed between the first dielectric substrate c11 and the first dielectric substrate c12; or, as shown in FIG5 g , the first connecting branch L101 may be disposed between the first dielectric substrate c12 and the first dielectric substrate c13). The first connecting branch L101 is located in the same film layer as the at least one second connecting structure 122 in the first connecting passage L01 and the at least one second connecting structure 22 in the second connecting passage L02. The second connecting structures L012 in the first connecting passage L01 and the second connecting passage L02 located in the same film layer are electrically connected via the first connecting branch L101 (for example, the first connecting branch L101 is disposed between the first dielectric substrate c11 and the first dielectric substrate c12, and the second connecting structures 122 in the first connecting passage L01 and the second connecting passage L02 may be electrically connected via the first connecting branch L101 in the same layer).

[0145] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 2 , FIG. 3 b and FIG. 4 b , the second connection structure 122 in at least part of the connection path L0 is located on a side of the second feeding structure layer 12 away from the radiation structure layer 13 .

[0146] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG5c, in the structures shown in FIG1 to FIG2, FIG3b and FIG3b, the multiple connection paths L0 may further include at least one connection branch L10, and the connection branch L10 may be provided on a side of the second feed structure layer 12 away from the radiation structure layer 13;

[0147] The connecting branch L10 and the second connecting structures 122 in the at least two connecting paths L0 may be located in the same film layer, and the second connecting structures 122 in the at least two connecting paths L0 located in the same film layer may be electrically connected via the connecting branch L10.

[0148] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figure 5c, in the structure shown in Figures 1 to 2 and Figure 3b, the connecting branch L10 may include a first connecting branch L101, the connecting path L0 may include a first connecting path L01 and a second connecting path L02, the first connecting branch L101 may be arranged on a side of the second feed structure layer 12 away from the radiation structure layer 13, and is located in the same film layer as at least one second connecting structure 122 in the first connecting path L01 and at least one second connecting structure 122 in the second connecting path L02, the second connecting structure L012 in the first connecting path L01 and the second connecting path L02 located in the same film layer (that is, the film layer located on the side of the second feed structure layer 12 away from the radiation structure layer 13) is electrically connected through the first connecting branch L101.

[0149] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG2 , the arrow indicates the flow direction of the electromagnetic wave signal of the antenna shown in FIG1 . In the structures shown in FIG1 and FIG2 , the second feeding structure layer 12 may include three stacked first dielectric substrates c1. The three first dielectric substrates c1 may include a first dielectric substrate c11, a first dielectric substrate c12, and a first dielectric substrate c13. The first connecting branch L101 may be arranged between the first dielectric substrate c11 and the first dielectric substrate c12, or the first connecting branch L101 may be arranged between the first dielectric substrate c12 and the first dielectric substrate c13, or the first connecting branch L101 may be arranged on a side of the second feeding structure layer 12 away from the radiation structure layer 13 (a side of the first dielectric substrate c11 away from the first dielectric substrate c12).

[0150] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG2 , the electromagnetic wave signal can be transmitted from the first feeding structure layer 11 to the radiation structure layer 13 in the direction indicated by the arrow, and the electromagnetic wave signal can also be transmitted from the radiation structure layer 13 to the first feeding structure layer 11 in the opposite direction indicated by the arrow.

[0151] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 6a to 7d, each feeding point may include at least one feeding point K0, each connecting path may include at least one connecting path L0, at least part of the feeding points K0 in at least one feeding point may be electrically connected to the first feeding structure layer 11 through at least one connecting path L0 in one of the connecting paths, and at least part of the feeding points K0 in at least one feeding point may be electrically connected to at least two second ports R2 respectively through at least part of the connecting paths L0 in at least two connecting paths.

[0152] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 6a to 7d, the multiple connection paths may include a first type of connection path and a second type of connection path, the first type of connection path may include at least one connection path (for example, may include a first connection path L01), the second type of connection path may include at least two connection paths (for example, as shown in Figure 7a, may include a second connection path L02 and a third connection path L03), the multiple feeding points K0 may include a first type of feed point (for example, may include at least one first feed point K1) and a second type of feed point (for example, as shown in Figure 7a, may include at least one second feed point K2), the first type of feed point and the second type of feed point may each include at least one feed point K0, the multiple second ports R2 include at least two (for example, as shown in Figure 7a, may include at least a first sub-port R21 and a second sub-port R22), the at least two second ports R2 are electrically connected to at least one of the second type of feed points through at least two of the second type of connection paths, and at least one of the first type of feed points is electrically connected to the first feeding structure layer 11 through at least one of the first type of connection paths.

[0153] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 6a and 7a, the first type of connection path L0 may include at least one first connection path L01, the second type of connection path L0 may include at least one second connection path L02 and at least one third connection path L03, the first type of feeding point K0 may include at least one first feeding point K1, the second type of feeding point K0 may include at least one second feeding point K2, the plurality of second ports R2 may include a first sub-port R21 and a second sub-port R22, at least one second feeding point K2 may be electrically connected to the first sub-port R21 through at least one second connection path L02, at least one second feeding point K2 may be electrically connected to the second sub-port R22 through at least one third connection path L03, and at least one first feeding point K1 may be electrically connected to the first feeding structure layer 11 through at least one first connection path L01.

[0154] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 6b and 7b, the first type of connection path L0 may include at least one first connection path L01, the second type of connection path L0 may include at least one fourth connection path L04 and at least one fifth connection path L05, the first type of feeding point K0 may include at least one first feeding point K1, the second type of feeding point K0 may include at least one fourth feeding point K4, the plurality of second ports R2 may include a first sub-port R21 and a fourth sub-port R24, at least one fourth feeding point K4 may be electrically connected to the first sub-port R21 through at least one fourth connection path L04, at least one fourth feeding point K4 may be electrically connected to the second sub-port R22 through at least one fifth connection path L05, and at least one first feeding point K1 may be electrically connected to the first feeding structure layer 11 through at least one first connection path L01.

[0155] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 6a to 7d, among at least two connection pathways of the second type of connection pathways, the second path length of at least one connection pathway is less than the first path length of the first type of connection pathway, and the third path length of at least one connection pathway is greater than the first path length of the first type of connection pathway.

[0156] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 6a and 7a, the second type of connecting path may include two connecting paths, including a second connecting path L02 and a third connecting path L03. The first type of connecting path may include a first connecting path L01, wherein the second path length of the second connecting path L02 is less than the first path length of the first connecting path L01, and the third path length of the third connecting path L03 is greater than the first path length of the first connecting path L01. In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figure 7a, the path lengths of the third connecting path L03, the first connecting path L01, and the second connecting path L02 decrease in order.

[0157] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 6b and 7b, the second type of connecting path may include two connecting paths, the two connecting paths including a fourth connecting path L04 and a fifth connecting path L05, and the first type of connecting path may include a first connecting path L01, wherein the second path length of the fourth connecting path L04 is less than the first path length of the first connecting path L01, and the third path length of the fifth connecting path L05 is greater than the first path length of the first connecting path L01. In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figure 7a, the path lengths of the fifth connecting path L05, the first connecting path L01, and the fourth connecting path L04 decrease in order.

[0158] In an exemplary embodiment, the difference between the second path length and the first path length is 0.1 to 0.35 times the antenna operating wavelength, and the difference between the third path length and the first path length is 0.1 to 0.35 times the antenna operating wavelength. For example, the difference between the second path length and the first path length is approximately 0.25 times the antenna operating wavelength, and the difference between the third path length and the first path length is approximately 0.25 times the antenna operating wavelength.

[0159] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 6a to 7c, at least two of the second-type connection pathways are electrically connected at a third connection node A3, and at least two of the second-type connection pathways share a connection path between the third connection node A3 and the second-type feed point. As shown in Figures 6a, 7a, and 7c, the second connection pathway L02 and the third connection pathway L03 are electrically connected at a third node A3, and the second connection pathway L02 and the third connection pathway L03 share a connection path between the third node A3 and the second feed point K2. As shown in Figures 6b and 7b, the fourth connection pathway L04 and the fifth connection pathway L05 are electrically connected at a third node A3, and the fourth connection pathway L04 and the fifth connection pathway L05 share a connection path between the third node A3 and the second feed point K2.

[0160] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 7c and 7d, at least two connection paths in the second type of connection paths are electrically connected to at least two feed points in the second type of feed points, respectively. For example, the second connection path L02 and the third connection path L03 in Figure 7c are electrically connected to the second feed point K2, and the sixth connection path L06 is electrically connected to the fourth feed point K4, wherein the second feed point K2 and the fourth feed point K4 are two different feed points in the second type of feed points, and the second connection path L02, the third connection path L03, and the sixth connection path L06 are three different connection paths in the second type of connection paths, respectively. As shown in Figure 7d, the fourth connection path L04, the fifth connection path L05, and the sixth connection path L06 are electrically connected to the second feed point K2, the third feed point K3, and the fourth feed point K4, respectively. wherein the second feed point K2 and the fourth feed point K4 are two different feed points in the second type of feed points, and the fourth connection path L04, the fifth connection path L05, and the sixth connection path L06 are three different connection paths in the second type of connection paths, respectively.

[0161] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG7 a , the first port R1 is connected to the first sub-port R21 or the second sub-port R22 , and the electromagnetic wave signal transmission path and polarization mode (which can be understood as a polarization mode) in the antenna are as follows:

[0162] When the switch structure 14 controls the first port R1 to be connected to the first sub-port R21, the transmission paths of the electromagnetic wave signal include two: the first path is A4-R21-A2-A3-K2, and the second path is A4-K1. The path length of the second path A4-K1 is greater than the path length of the first path A4-R21-A2-A3-K2. The electromagnetic wave signal generates a phase lag when it reaches the first feeding point K1 compared to when it reaches the second feeding point K2. If the difference between the path length of the second path A4-K1 and the path length of the first path A4-R21-A2-A3-K2 is 0.25λ (λ is the vacuum wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency of the antenna, which can be understood as the operating wavelength of the antenna), the electromagnetic wave signal generates a 90° phase lag when it reaches the first feeding point K1 compared to when it reaches the second feeding point K2. According to the polarization synthesis principle, the radiation structure layer 13 will generate a right-handed circularly polarized radiation. When the switch structure 14 controls the first port R1 to be connected to the second sub-port R22, the transmission paths of the electromagnetic wave signal include two: the first path is A4-R22-A1-A3-K2, and the second path is A4-K1. The path length of the second path A4-K1 is less than the path length of the first path A4-R22-A1-A3-K2. The electromagnetic wave signal produces a phase lag when it reaches the second feeding point K1 compared to that when it reaches the first feeding point K1. If the difference between the path length of the second path A4-K1 and the path length of the first path A4-R21-A2-A3-K2 is 0.25λ (λ is the vacuum wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency of the antenna, which can be understood as the operating wavelength of the antenna), the electromagnetic wave signal produces a 90° phase lag when it reaches the second feeding point K2 compared to that when it reaches the first feeding point K1. According to the polarization synthesis principle, the radiation structure layer 13 will produce a left-handed circularly polarized radiation. Therefore, the switch structure 14 can be used to control the first port R1 to be connected to the first sub-port R21 or the second sub-port R22, so that the antenna can be switched between left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization.

[0163] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG6a and FIG6d and FIG7a to FIG7d, the second feeding structure layer 12 may include at least one first dielectric substrate c1; the feeding point K0 may include a first type of feeding point and a second type of feeding point, and the plurality of connection paths may include a first type of connection path and a second type of connection path;

[0164] At least part of the connection path L0 may include at least one first connection structure 121, at least part of the connection path L0 may include at least one first connection structure 121 and at least one second connection structure 122, the first connection structure 121 may pass through at least one first dielectric substrate c1, at least part of the second connection structure 122 is located on a side of the second feeding structure layer 12 away from the radiation structure layer 13, at least part of the first type of feeding points is electrically connected to the first feeding structure layer 11 through at least part of the first connection structure 121 in at least part of the first type of connection path, or through at least part of the first connection structure 121 and at least part of the second connection structure 122 in at least part of the first type of connection path, and at least part of the second type of feeding points is electrically connected to the at least two second ports through at least part of the first connection structure 121 of at least two connection paths in the second type of connection path, or through at least part of the first connection structure 121 and at least part of the second connection structure 122 of at least two connection paths in the second type of connection path.

[0165] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 6c and 7b, the number of first dielectric substrates c1 can be one (first dielectric substrate c11), the first type of feeding point can include a first feeding point K1, the second type of feeding point can include a fourth feeding point K4, the first type of connecting path can include a first connecting path L01, the second type of connecting path can include a fourth connecting path L04 and a fifth connecting path L05, the first feeding point K1 can be electrically connected to the first feeding structure layer 11 through a first connecting structure 121 in the first connecting path L01, the three first connecting structures 121 and the two second connecting structures 122 in the fourth connecting path L04 are electrically connected to the second feeding point K2 and the first sub-port R21, and the two first connecting structures 121 and the two second connecting structures 122 in the fifth connecting path L05 are electrically connected to the second feeding point K2 and the second sub-port R22.

[0166] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6 a and FIG. 6 b , the second feeding structure layer 12 may include at least two first dielectric substrates c1 , and at least a portion of the second connection structure 122 may be located between two adjacent first dielectric substrates c1 .

[0167] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 6a and 7a, the number of first dielectric substrates c1 can be three (first dielectric substrate c11, first dielectric substrate c12, first dielectric substrate c13), the first type of feeding point can include a first feeding point K1, the second type of feeding point can include a second feeding point K2, the first type of connecting path can include a first connecting path L01, the second type of connecting path can include a second connecting path L02 and a third connecting path L03, the first feeding point K1 can be electrically connected to the first feeding structure layer 11 through the three first connecting structures 121 and the two second connecting structures 122 in the first connecting path L01, the three first connecting structures 121 and the two second connecting structures 122 in the second connecting path L02 are electrically connected to the second feeding point K2 and the first sub-port R21, and the two first connecting structures 121 and the two second connecting structures 122 in the third connecting path L02 are electrically connected to the second feeding point K2 and the second sub-port R22.

[0168] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG1 to FIG4 b, the first feeding structure layer 11 may include a phase shifting structure and a transmission structure, the transmission structure may include a first transmission structure d11 and a second transmission structure d12, the phase shifting structure may include a first substrate 101 and a second substrate 102 arranged opposite to each other, and a variable dielectric layer 112 arranged between the first substrate 101 and the second substrate 102, the first substrate 101 is provided with a first conductive layer 113 on a side close to the second substrate 102, and the second substrate 102 is provided with a second conductive layer 113 on a side close to the first substrate 101. 14; the first conductive layer 113 is provided with a first electrode d1 and a first transmission structure d11, and the second conductive layer 114 is provided with a second electrode d2 and a second transmission structure d12. The first transmission structure d11 is electrically connected to the first electrode d1, and the second transmission structure d12 is electrically connected to the second electrode d2. The orthographic projections of the first electrode d1 and the second electrode d2 on the first substrate 101 at least partially overlap, and the orthographic projections of the first transmission structure d11 and the second transmission structure d12 on the first substrate 101 at least partially overlap. The first transmission structure d11 is electrically connected to the first port R1.

[0169] A reference ground structure layer 111 (as shown in Figures 1 to 3b ) or a third conductive patch 1110 (as shown in Figures 4a and 4b ) is provided on the side of the second substrate 102 away from the radiation structure layer 13. The third conductive patch 1110 at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first transmission structure d11 on the first substrate 101, and the orthographic projections of the first conductive layer 113 and the second conductive layer 114 on the first substrate 101 are within the range of the orthographic projection of the reference ground structure layer 111 on the first substrate 101.

[0170] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 4a to 4b and Figures 6a to 6d, the first feeding structure layer 11 may include a stacked second substrate 102, a first conductive layer 113, and a first substrate 101. The first conductive layer 113 is provided with a first transmission structure d11. The second substrate 102 is provided with a reference ground structure layer 111 (as shown in Figures 6a to 6d) or a third conductive patch 1110 (as shown in Figures 4a to 4b) on a side away from the radiation structure layer 13. The input port R1 of the switch structure 14 is electrically connected to the first transmission structure d11. In the structures shown in Figures 6a to 6d, the orthographic projection of the first conductive layer on the first substrate 101 at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projection on the reference ground structure layer 111. In the structures shown in Figures 4a to 4b, the third conductive patch 1110 at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first transmission structure d11 on the first substrate 101.

[0171] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG1 to FIG4 b , the first feeding structure layer 11 may further include a variable dielectric layer 112 and a second conductive layer 114 . In a direction perpendicular to the plane of the first substrate 101 , the variable dielectric layer 112 is disposed between the first substrate 101 and the second substrate 102 , the first conductive layer 113 is disposed on a side of the first substrate 101 close to the second substrate 102 , and the second conductive layer 114 is disposed on a side of the second substrate 102 close to the first substrate 101 .

[0172] The first conductive layer 113 may further include a first electrode d1 electrically connected to the first transmission structure d11, and the second conductive layer 114 may further include a second electrode d2 and a second transmission structure d12, the second transmission structure d12 being electrically connected to the second electrode d2. The orthographic projections of the first transmission structure d11 and the second transmission structure d12 on the first substrate 101 at least partially overlap, and the orthographic projections of the first electrode d1 and the second electrode d2 on the first substrate 101 at least partially overlap. In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 4c and 4d, Figure 4c is a schematic planar structure diagram of the first conductive layer 113 disposed on the first substrate 101 in Figures 1 to 4d, and Figure 4d is a schematic planar structure diagram of the second conductive layer 114 disposed on the second substrate 102 in Figures 1 to 4d. A first phase shift control line d101 connected to the first electrode d1 is disposed on the first substrate 101 (located in the first conductive layer 113), and a second phase shift control line d201 connected to the second electrode d2 is disposed on the second substrate 102 (located in the second conductive layer 114). In an exemplary embodiment, The variable dielectric layer 112 can be a liquid crystal layer, and a voltage can be applied to the first electrode d1 and the second electrode d2 (a voltage can be applied to the first electrode d1 via a first phase-shift control line d101, and a voltage can be applied to the second electrode d2 via a second phase-shift control line d102) to adjust the voltage of the variable dielectric layer 112 (e.g., a liquid crystal layer) between the first electrode d1 and the second electrode d2, thereby adjusting the phase of the electromagnetic wave. In the disclosed embodiment, the first electrode d1, the variable dielectric layer 112, and the second electrode d2 can form a phase-shift structure, which can compensate for the phase of the electromagnetic wave. In an exemplary embodiment, the first electrode d1 and the first transmission structure d11 can be integrally formed, and the second electrode d2 and the second transmission structure d12 can be integrally formed.

[0173] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 1 to 2, 3b, and 4b, the first feeding structure layer 11 may further include a third conductive layer 1140, which is located on a side of the first substrate 101 away from the second substrate 102. The third conductive layer 1140 may include a first conductive patch 1141, and the first conductive patch 1141 is provided with a first gap E1. The first gap E1 at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first transmission structure d11 on the first substrate, and the first port R1 is electrically connected to the first transmission structure d11 through the first conductive patch 1141; the first port R1 can be electrically connected to the first transmission structure d11 through the first gap E1 on the first conductive patch 1141 (gap coupling).

[0174] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 3a and 4a, the first feed structure layer 11 may include a conductive connection structure 115. The conductive connection structure 115 extends through the first substrate 101 in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the first substrate 101 and is electrically connected to the first port R1 and the first transmission structure d11. The first port R1 is electrically connected to the first transmission structure d11 via the conductive connection structure 115, which may be a conductive metal.

[0175] In an exemplary embodiment, the first feeding structure layer 11 may include at least one of a microstrip line coupling feeding structure, a stripline coupling feeding structure, and a probe feeding structure, and the second feeding structure layer 12 may include at least one of a microstrip line coupling feeding structure and a probe feeding structure.

[0176] In an exemplary embodiment, the microstrip line coupled feeding structure can be as shown in Figures 8a and 8b. Figure 8b is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure along the W1-W2 position in Figure 8a, which can include a first feeding dielectric substrate M1 and a second feeding dielectric substrate M2. A first feeding reference ground structure layer 1102 is provided between the first feeding dielectric substrate M1 and the second feeding dielectric substrate M2. A second conductive patch 1101 is provided on a side of the first feeding dielectric substrate M1 away from the first feeding reference ground structure layer 1102, and a second conductive patch 1101 is provided on a side of the second feeding dielectric substrate M2 away from the first feeding dielectric substrate M1. A first microstrip line structure 1103 and a second microstrip line structure 1104 are provided on one side of the feed reference ground structure layer 1102. The first feed reference ground structure layer 1102 is provided with a first feed slot f1 and a second feed slot f2. The orthographic projections of the second conductive patch 1101, the first feed slot f1, and the first microstrip line structure 1103 on the first feed dielectric substrate M1 at least partially overlap. The orthographic projections of the second conductive patch 1101, the second feed slot f2, and the second microstrip line structure 1104 on the first feed dielectric substrate M1 at least partially overlap. In an exemplary embodiment, the extension direction of the first feed slot f1 (first direction X) may be orthogonal to the extension direction of the first microstrip line structure 1103 (second direction Y), and the extension direction of the second feed slot f2 (second direction Y) may be orthogonal to the extension direction of the second microstrip line structure 1104 (first direction X).

[0177] In an exemplary embodiment, the stripline coupled feeding structure may be as shown in FIG8c , which adds a third feeding dielectric substrate M3 and a second feeding reference ground structure layer 1105 to the microstrip line coupled feeding structure shown in FIG8a and FIG8b .

[0178] In an exemplary embodiment, the probe feeding structure may be as shown in FIG9a and FIG9b, where FIG9b is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram along the W1-W2 position in FIG9a, and may include a first feeding dielectric substrate M1 and a second feeding dielectric substrate M2, wherein a first feeding reference ground structure layer 1102 is provided between the first feeding dielectric substrate M1 and the second feeding dielectric substrate M2, a second conductive patch 1101 is provided on a side of the first feeding dielectric substrate M1 away from the first feeding reference ground structure layer 1102, a first microstrip line structure 1103 and a second microstrip line structure 1104 are provided on a side of the second feeding dielectric substrate M2 away from the first feeding reference ground structure layer 1102, the first feeding reference ground structure layer 1102 is provided with a first avoidance hole f3 and a second avoidance hole f4, the second conductive patch 1101 is electrically connected to the first microstrip line structure 1103 through the first probe structure T1, and the second conductive patch 1101 is electrically connected to the second microstrip line structure 1104 through the second probe structure T2. Structure 1104 is electrically connected, and the first probe structure T1 and the second probe structure T2 penetrate the first feed dielectric substrate M1 and the second feed dielectric substrate M2. The first probe structure T1 passes through the first feed reference ground structure layer 1102 via the first avoidance hole f3, and the second probe structure T2 passes through the first feed reference ground structure layer 1102 via the second avoidance hole f4. The first avoidance hole f3 can prevent the first probe structure T1 from being short-circuited with the first feed reference ground structure layer 1102, and the second avoidance hole f4 can prevent the second probe structure T2 from being short-circuited with the first feed reference ground structure layer 1102. The orthographic projections of the second conductive patch 1101, the first avoidance hole f3, the first probe structure T1, and the first microstrip line structure 1103 on the first feed dielectric substrate M1 at least partially overlap, and the orthographic projections of the second conductive patch 1101, the second avoidance hole f4, the second probe structure T2, and the second microstrip line structure 1104 on the first feed dielectric substrate M1 at least partially overlap. In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG. 9 a , the first probe structure T1 and the second probe structure T2 may be cylindrical, and the first avoidance hole f3 and the second avoidance hole f4 may be circular.

[0179] In an exemplary embodiment, the first feeding structure layer 11 and the second feeding structure layer 12 can be electrically connected to the switch structure 14 by a direct connection method as shown in Figures 3a, 4a, and 6a to 6d (directly connected to the corresponding feeding point K0 and the port of the switch structure 14 through the first connection structure 121 and the second connection structure 122 in the connecting path L0), or can be electrically connected to the switch structure 14 by one or more methods of probe feeding, microstrip line coupling feeding, and stripline coupling feeding.

[0180] In an exemplary embodiment, the radiation patch 131 in the second feeding structure layer 12, the first dielectric substrate c14, the first dielectric substrate c13, the second connection structure 122 located on the side of the first dielectric substrate c13 away from the radiation structure layer 13, and the second connection structure 122 located between the first dielectric substrate c14 and the first dielectric substrate c13 as shown in Figures 10a and 10b constitute the stripline coupled feeding structure shown in Figures 8a and 8b; wherein the radiation patch 131 serves as the second conductive patch 1101 in Figures 8a and 8b, and the first dielectric substrate c14 and the first dielectric substrate c13 serve as the first feeding dielectric substrate M1 and the second feeding dielectric substrate M2.

[0181] In an exemplary embodiment, in the structures shown in Figures 10a and 10b, the connection path in the second feed structure layer 12 is configured to adopt a signal transmission method that combines a direct connection between the first connection structure 121 and the second connection structure 122 with a microstrip line coupling feeding structure. The second feed structure layer 12 may also adopt, but is not limited to, a signal transmission method that combines a direct connection between the first connection structure 121 and the second connection structure 122 as shown in Figures 3a and 4a. For example, the connection path L0 of the second feed structure layer 12 may be fed using a microstrip line coupling feeding structure, a probe feeding structure, or a combination of the first connection structure 121 and the second connection structure 122. In an exemplary embodiment, the connection path L0 of the second feed structure layer 121 may also adopt a structure such as a bridge, a balun, or a combination of multiple structures including a bridge, a balun, a microstrip line coupling feeding structure, and a probe feeding structure.

[0182] In an exemplary embodiment, in the structures shown in Figures 4a and 3a, the first feeding structure layer 11 can be electrically connected to the first port R1 of the switch structure 14 by adopting a structure that combines a conductive connection structure 115 and a microstrip line coupling feeding structure; in the structure shown in Figure 6f, the first feeding structure layer 11 can be electrically connected to the first port R1 of the switch structure 14 by adopting a structure that combines a conductive connection structure 115 and a microstrip line coupling feeding structure. In the structure shown in Figure 6f, compared with the first feeding structure layer 11 in Figure 6e, the first feeding dielectric substrate M1 is equivalent to the second substrate 102, the second conductive patch 1101 is equivalent to the first transmission structure d11, and the second feeding reference ground structure layer 1105 is equivalent to the reference ground structure layer 111. A second feeding dielectric substrate M2, a first microstrip line structure 1103, a second microstrip line structure 1104, and a third feeding dielectric substrate M3 are added between the first feeding reference ground structure layer 1102 and the second feeding reference ground structure layer 1105. The first feeding structure layer 11 can be electrically connected to the first port R1 of the switch structure 14 by using, but not limited to, one or more of a microstrip line coupled feeding structure, a microstrip line coupled feeding structure, and a probe feeding structure. Alternatively, the first feeding structure layer 11 can be electrically connected to the first port R1 of the switch structure 14 by using, but not limited to, a combination of, one or more of a microstrip line coupled feeding structure, a microstrip line coupled feeding structure, and a probe feeding structure and a conductive connection structure 115. In an exemplary embodiment, the first feeding structure layer 11 can also use a balun, a bridge, or a combination of multiple structures including a bridge, a balun, a microstrip line coupled feeding structure, and a probe feeding structure.

[0183] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG10b , the arrow indicates the flow direction of the electromagnetic wave signal of the antenna shown in FIG10a . The electromagnetic wave signal can be transmitted from the first feeding structure layer 11 to the radiation structure layer 13 in the direction indicated by the arrow, and the electromagnetic wave signal can also be transmitted from the radiation structure layer 13 to the first feeding structure layer 11 in the opposite direction of the arrow. In an exemplary embodiment, the antenna shown in Figures 4a and 4b is a transmission-type antenna, and the electromagnetic wave signal can be transmitted from the first feeding structure layer 11 to the second feeding structure layer 12 via the switch structure 14 to the radiation structure layer 13, or the electromagnetic wave signal can be transmitted from the radiation structure layer 13 to the first feeding structure layer 11 via the second feeding structure layer 12 and the switch structure 14; Figures 1 to 3b and Figures 6a to 6f show a reflection-type antenna, and the electromagnetic wave signal can be transmitted from the radiation structure layer 13 to the first feeding structure layer 11 via the second feeding structure layer 12 and the switch structure 14, and then reflected by the reference ground structure layer 111 and transmitted to the radiation structure layer 13 via the first feeding structure layer 11, the switch structure 14, and the second feeding structure layer 12.

[0184] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 1 to 4b and 6a to 6c, the radiating structure layer 13 may include a single radiating patch 131. Alternatively, as shown in Figure 6d, the radiating structure layer 13 may include multiple radiating patches 131 and at least one second dielectric substrate c2, with each second dielectric substrate c2 positioned between two adjacent radiating patches 131 in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the first substrate 101. Providing multiple layers of radiating patches 131 can increase radiation capability, while a single layer of radiating patches 131 can reduce antenna manufacturing costs.

[0185] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 5a to 5d and 7a to 7d, the radiating patch 131 may be square in shape. At least one of the at least two feed points K0 is located on at least one midline of the square radiating patch 131, and at least one feed point K0 is located on at least one diagonal of the square radiating patch 131. The feed points K0 located on the midline and diagonals are located near the edges of the square radiating patch 131. As shown in Figure 5d, the first feed point K1 and the second feed point K2 are located on the two midlines of the square radiating patch 131, respectively. The third feed point K3 and the fourth feed point K4 are located on the two diagonals of the square radiating patch 131, respectively. As shown in Figure 5d, there are four feed points, namely, the first feed point K1, the fourth feed point K4, and the same type of feed point. Multiple feed points of the same type can be electrically connected to the same or multiple second ports R2 via multiple connection pathways in the same type of connection pathway. Providing multiple feed points of the same type electrically connected to one or more second ports R2 can enhance the feeding effect (i.e., improve radiation capability) of that feed point. In the structure shown in Figure 5d, when two feed points of the same type operate independently, the path lengths from the two feed points to the corresponding second port R2 do not need to be considered. If the two feed points of the same type operate simultaneously, the difference in the paths from the two feed points to the corresponding second port R2 needs to be considered. Typically, for example, the path length from the first feed point K1 on the upper side to the corresponding second port R2 is 0.5λ longer than the path length from the first feed point on the lower side to the corresponding second port R2, which can achieve the desired vertical linear polarization. When different types of feed points operate independently, path lengths do not need to be considered. If different types of feed points operate simultaneously, the difference in path lengths needs to be considered. For example, the path length from the second feed point K2 on the left side to the second sub-port R22 differs from the path length from the first feed point K1 on the lower side to the first sub-port R21 by 0.25λ, which can achieve circular polarization when the two feed points operate simultaneously.

[0186] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG11 , the radiating patch 131 may be diamond-shaped. At least one of the at least two feed points K0 is located on a line connecting the midpoints of at least one pair of opposite sides of the diamond-shaped radiating patch 131. At least one feed point K0 is located on at least one diagonal of the diamond-shaped radiating patch 131. The feed points K0 located on the line connecting the midpoints and diagonals are located near the edge of the diamond-shaped radiating patch 131. As shown in FIG11 , the first feed point K1, the second feed point K2, and the fifth feed point K5 may be located on at least one diagonal of the diamond-shaped radiating patch 131. The fourth feed point K4 and the third feed point K3 may be located on a line connecting the midpoints of at least one pair of opposite sides of the diamond-shaped radiating patch 131. In the structure shown in FIG11 , the first feed point K1 and the fifth feed point K5 may be vertically polarized when operating independently, the second feed point K2 may be horizontally polarized when operating independently, the fourth feed point K4 may be 45° linearly polarized when operating independently, and the third feed point K3 may be -45° linearly polarized when operating independently.

[0187] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG12 , the radiating patch 131 is circular in shape, and at least two feed points K0 are located on at least two midlines of the square radiating patch 131, with the feed points K0 located on the midlines being close to the edges of the circular radiating patch 131. The same type of feed point can be located on the same midline of the circular radiating patch 131. For example, the first feed point K1 and the fifth feed point K5 in FIG12 can be the same type of feed point, located on the same midline of the circular radiating patch 131. In the structure shown in FIG12 , the first feed point K1 and the fifth feed point K5 can be vertically polarized when operating independently, the second feed point K2 can be horizontally polarized when operating independently, the fourth feed point K4 can be 45° linearly polarized when operating independently, and the third feed point K3 can be -45° linearly polarized when operating independently.

[0188] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG13a , the radiating patch 131 is shaped like a combination of two opposing semicircles 1311 and a rectangle 1312, with the rectangle 1312 located between the two opposing semicircles 1311. At least two feed points K0 are located on at least two midlines of the circle containing the semicircles, with the feed points K0 located on the midlines close to the edges of the semicircles. As shown in FIG13a and FIG13b , the first feed point K1 to the sixth feed point K6 can achieve multiple polarization switching modes when operating at different feed points. For example, the first feed point K1 and the fourth feed point K4 can operate independently as right-hand circular polarization, the second feed point K2 and the sixth feed point K6 can operate independently as left-hand circular polarization, and the third feed point K3 and the fifth feed point K5 can operate independently as vertical linear polarization. In the structure shown in Figure 13a, when the difference between the path length from the first feed point K1 to the corresponding second port R2 and the path length from the fourth feed point K4 to the corresponding second port R2 is 0.5λ, the first feed point K1 and the fourth feed point K4 can achieve right-hand circular polarization when working simultaneously; when the difference between the path length from the second feed point K2 to the corresponding second port R2 and the path length from the sixth feed point K6 to the corresponding second port R2 is 0.5λ, the second feed point K2 and the sixth feed point K6 can achieve left-hand circular polarization when working simultaneously; when the difference between the path length from the third feed point K3 to the corresponding second port R2 and the path length from the fifth feed point K5 to the corresponding second port R2 is 0.5λ, the third feed point K3 and the fifth feed point K5 can achieve left-hand circular polarization when working simultaneously.

[0189] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 5d and 11 to 13b , when multiple feed points are provided in the same radiating patch 131 and the multiple feed points operate simultaneously, the polarization of the antenna can be controlled by setting the path lengths from the simultaneously operating feed points to the corresponding second port R2. For example, when multiple feed points of the same type operate simultaneously, the difference in path lengths from the same type of feed points to the corresponding second port R2 can be set to 0.5λ; when different types of feed points operate simultaneously, the difference in path lengths from the different types of feed points to the corresponding second port R2 can be set to 0.25λ. When multiple feed points operate independently, there is no restriction on the path lengths from the feed points to the corresponding ports.

[0190] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG5d and FIG11 to FIG13b, multiple feed points of the same type can be set. The radiation correlation of multiple feed points of the same type working simultaneously is relatively better than that of a single feed point working. For example, when two feed points of the same type are set to work simultaneously, the radiation effect can be improved compared with a single feed point working. For example, in FIG5d , two feed points of each type can be set among the first to fourth feed points K1 to K4 (i.e., two feed points are set for each of the first to fourth feed points K1 to K4); in FIG11 , the first feed point K1 and the fifth feed point K5 can be feed points of the same type, and the first feed point K1 and the fifth feed point K5 can work simultaneously; in FIG12 , the first feed point K1 and the fifth feed point K5 can be feed points of the same type, and the first feed point K1 and the fifth feed point K5 can work simultaneously; in FIG13a , the first feed point K1 and the fourth feed point K4 can be feed points of the same type (the first feed point K1 and the fourth feed point K4 can work simultaneously), the third feed point K3 and the fifth feed point K5 are feed points of the same type (the third feed point K3 and the fifth feed point K5 can work simultaneously), and the second feed point K2 and the sixth feed point K6 are feed points of the same type (the second feed point K2 and the sixth feed point K6 can work simultaneously).

[0191] In an exemplary embodiment, among the same type of feed points, the polarization mode achieved by a single feed point working or multiple feed points working simultaneously (other types of feed points not working) is consistent. For example, in FIG5d, two first feed points K1 to fourth feed points K4 are each provided, and the two first feed points K1 work alone or simultaneously (the second feed points K2 to the fourth feed points K4 do not work) and can achieve vertical linear polarization. The two second feed points K2 work alone or simultaneously (the first feed point K1, the third feed point K3 to the fourth feed point K4 do not work). When the four feeding points K4 are not working) all can realize horizontal linear polarization, the two third feeding points K3 working alone or simultaneously (the first feeding point K1, the second feeding point K2, and the fourth feeding point K4 are not working) all can realize 45° linear polarization, and the two fourth feeding points K4 working alone or simultaneously (the first feeding point K1 to the third feeding point K3 are not working) all can realize -45° linear polarization; in FIG11 , the first feeding point K1 and the fifth feeding point K5 can be the same type of feeding points, and the first feeding point K1 and the fifth feeding point K5 are the same type of feeding points. Vertical linear polarization can be achieved by working simultaneously or individually (the second feed point K2 to the fourth feed point K4 are not working); in FIG12 , the first feed point K1 and the fifth feed point K5 can be feed points of the same type, and the first feed point K1 and the fifth feed point K5 can achieve vertical linear polarization by working simultaneously or individually (the second feed point K2 to the fourth feed point K4 are not working); in FIG13 a , the first feed point K1 and the fourth feed point K4 can achieve vertical linear polarization by working simultaneously or individually (the second feed point K2, The third feed point K3, the fifth feed point K5 and the sixth feed point K6 are not working) can all achieve right-hand circular polarization. The third feed point K3 and the fifth feed point K5 can both achieve vertical linear polarization when they work simultaneously or individually (the first feed point K1, the second feed point K2, the fourth feed point K4 and the sixth feed point K6 are not working). The second feed point K2 and the sixth feed point K6 can both achieve left-hand circular polarization when they work simultaneously or individually (the first feed point K1, the third feed point K3 to the fifth feed point K5 are not working).

[0192] In an exemplary embodiment, the feeding point K0 may be a point (or position) in the radiation structure layer 13 where the radiation patch 131 can receive an electromagnetic wave signal. It is a functional point in principle, indicating the point where the radiation patch 131 receives the feeding signal. For example, in the antenna structures shown in Figures 1 to 4b and Figures 6a to 6f, the feeding point K0 may be a point where the first connection structure 121 is in contact with the radiation patch 131 in the radiation structure layer 13; in the antenna structure shown in Figures 10a and 10b, the feeding point K0 may be a point where the orthographic projections of the first feeding slot f1 and the first microstrip line structure 1103 on the radiation patch 131 overlap, and a point where the orthographic projections of the second feeding slot f2 and the second microstrip line structure 1104 on the radiation patch 131 overlap.

[0193] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 5a to 5e, Figures 11 and 12, when the shape of the radiation patch 131 is square, circular, or diamond, a single feed point in the radiation patch 131 can work alone to achieve linear polarization; as shown in Figure 13, a notch is set on the circular radiation patch 131, and a single feed point in the radiation patch 131 can work alone to achieve circular polarization or elliptical polarization. In some other embodiments, a notch can be set in the radiation patch 131 of a regular shape (square or circular) (for example, two notches can be set, and the two notches are symmetrical with respect to at least one midline of the regular-shaped radiation patch), so that a single feed point in the radiation patch 131 can achieve circular polarization or elliptical polarization when working alone.

[0194] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 6e and 6f , a plurality of support structures 15 are further provided between the first feed structure layer 11 and the second feed structure layer 12 in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the first feed structure layer 11. The support structures 15 are configured to support the first and second feed structure layers 11, 12 to form a space for accommodating the switch structure 14. In the structure shown in Figure 6e , the switch structure 14 can be integrated on the first substrate 101 of the first feed structure layer 11. As shown in Figure 6f , the switch structure 14 can be integrated on the first dielectric substrate c1 of the second feed structure layer 12. In the structure shown in Figure 6f , one of the support structures 15 can serve to connect the conductive connection structure 115 with the second connection structure 122.

[0195] In an exemplary embodiment, the support structure 15 may be a metal structural member, which may be connected to the first feed structure layer 11 and the second feed structure layer 12 by welding. As shown in FIG6b , the metal structural member 15 may be rectangular; as shown in FIG6c , the metal structural member may be trapezoidal; as shown in FIG6e , the metal structural member 15 may be elliptical; as shown in FIG6f , the metal structural member 15 may be connected to the first structure layer 11 and the second structure layer 12 by welding points 151 (in the structure shown in FIG6f , the shape of each metal structural member 15 may be one of rectangular, trapezoidal, and elliptical, and the shapes of different metal structural members 15 may be the same or different).

[0196] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 1 to 2 and 3b, the support structure 15 provided between the first feeding structure layer 11 and the second feeding structure layer 12 can form a waveguide structure 151 in a direction perpendicular to the plane in which the first feeding structure layer 11 is located. A first opening 1511 is provided on a side of the waveguide structure 151 close to the first feeding structure layer 11, and a second opening 1512 is provided on a side of the waveguide structure 151 close to the second feeding structure layer 12. The input port R1 of the switch structure 14 at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first opening 1511 on the first substrate 101, and at least two output ports of the switch structure 14 at least partially overlap with the orthographic projection of the second opening on the first substrate 101.

[0197] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 1 to 4b and Figures 6a to 6d, in a direction Z perpendicular to the plane where the first feeding structure layer 11 is located, a switch structure layer 16 is provided between the first feeding structure layer 11 and the second feeding structure layer 12, and the switch structure 14 is integrated in the switch structure layer 16; in an exemplary embodiment, the switch structure layer 16 can be a PCB circuit board.

[0198] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6 a , FIG. 6 b and FIG. 6 d , the switch structure layer 16 may be provided with a conductive structure 161 (eg, a conductive trace) to electrically connect the conductive connection structure 115 with one of the second connection structures 122 .

[0199] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 14 and 15 , the switch structure 14 further includes control ports R3, the same number as the second ports R2. The control ports R3 are configured to receive control signals to control the connection between the first ports R1 and the corresponding second ports R2. In an exemplary embodiment, under the control of the control ports R3, the first ports R1 can be connected to one or more second ports R2. In the structures shown in Figures 14 and 15 , Figure 14 shows a physical structure diagram of the switch structure 14, and Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the switch structure 14. The switch structure 14 may include two second ports R2 (including R21 and R22) and two control ports R3 (including R31 and R32). The control port R31 can control the connection or disconnection between the first port R1 and the second port R21 (i.e., the first sub-port R21), and the control port R32 can control the connection or disconnection between the first port R1 and the second port R22 (i.e., the second sub-port R22). In an exemplary embodiment, the switch structure 14 can be a single-pole double-throw switch. In other embodiments, multiple transistors can be arranged inside the switch structure, the first port R1 is electrically connected to the first ends (e.g., sources) of the multiple transistors, the multiple second ports R2 are respectively electrically connected to the second poles (e.g., drains) of the multiple transistors, and the multiple control ports R3 are respectively electrically connected to the control poles (which can be called gates) of the multiple transistors. Thus, the multiple control ports R3 can be used to control one or more second ports R2 to be connected to the first port R1, thereby realizing switching of multiple polarization modes of the antenna.

[0200] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 6a and 6d, an accommodating space (such as a groove) for accommodating the switch structure 14 can be provided in the switch structure layer 16, and the switch structure 14 can be installed in the accommodating space; or, as shown in Figures 6b and 6c, the switch structure can be installed (such as by welding, binding, etc.) on the surface of the switch structure layer 16, and multiple switch control lines provided in the switch structure layer 16 are connected to an external control device, and the control device sends control signals to multiple control ports R3 respectively through the multiple switch control lines.

[0201] In an exemplary embodiment, in the structures shown in Figures 6c and 6d, the second connection structure 122 in the fifth connection passage L05 can be as shown in Figure 16. In Figure 7b, the path of the fifth connection passage L05 is greater than the path of the fourth connection passage L04, mainly because the path length set by the second connection structure 122 in the fifth connection passage L05 in Figure 16 is larger.

[0202] In an exemplary embodiment, in the structure shown in FIG6c, the first port R1 can be electrically connected to the first feeding structure layer 11 through the second connecting structure 122 in the first connecting path L01 and the support structure 15; in the structure shown in FIG6d, the first port R1 can be electrically connected to the first feeding structure layer 11 through the second connecting structure 122 in the first connecting path L01.

[0203] In an exemplary embodiment, each second port R2 can correspond to a connection path L0 to achieve switching between different polarization modes of the antenna. In some embodiments, in order to reduce the number of ports of the switch structure 14, one switch structure R2 can be connected to multiple connection paths L0 without affecting the adjustment of the antenna polarization mode.

[0204] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG. 17 , there are multiple antenna units 100 , and the multiple antenna units 100 are arranged in an array.

[0205] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG18 , the radiating structure layer 13 includes radiating patches 131, and the positions of the same type of feed points in at least some of the antenna units 100 on the radiating patches are not completely consistent. As shown in FIG18 , the positions of the first feed point K1 and the second feed point K2 in the three radiating elements in the first row are not completely consistent (or it can be understood that at least some of the radiating patches 131 are rotated. For example, rotating the radiating patches 131 in the first row and second column of FIG17 by 90° clockwise can obtain the radiating patches 131 in the first row and second column of FIG18 ; rotating the radiating patches 131 in the first row and third column of FIG17 by 90° clockwise can obtain the radiating patches 131 in the first row and third column of FIG18 ; rotating the radiating patches 131 in the second row and second column of FIG17 by 180° clockwise or counterclockwise can obtain the radiating patches 131 in the second row and second column of FIG18 ). By arranging the same type of feed points at different positions on at least part of the radiation patches 131 or rotating the radiation patches 131 by a certain angle, the polarization performance can be optimized.

[0206] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG. 19 , the plurality of antenna units 100 may include a plurality of antenna unit 100 groups arranged in an array, and the plurality of antenna units 100 in the same antenna unit 100 group share a switch structure 14 .

[0207] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG19 , the number of antenna units 100 in the same antenna unit 100 group may be four, arranged in an array and sharing a switch structure 14. The at least two feed points may include at least two of the first feed point K1 to the fourth feed point K4. The plurality of second ports R2 may include at least two of the first sub-port R21 to the fourth sub-port R24. For example, the plurality of second ports R2 include the first port R21 and the second port R22. The plurality of feed points KO may include the first feed point K1 and the second feed point K2. The first sub-port R21 is electrically connected to the first feed point K1 of the four antenna units 100 via a one-to-four power splitting connection path, and the second sub-port R22 is electrically connected to the second feed point K2 of the four antenna units 100 via a one-to-four power splitting connection path. Sharing a single switch structure 14 by multiple antenna units 100 can reduce the size of the antenna structure and lower manufacturing costs.

[0208] In the exemplary embodiment of the antenna structure, the first dielectric substrate c1 can be rectangular in shape. The thickness of each first dielectric substrate c1 (the dimension along a direction perpendicular to the plane of the first dielectric substrate c1) is approximately 0.01 mm to 10 mm. The side length of the rectangular first dielectric substrate c1 is approximately 0.1 to 1 times the antenna's operating wavelength. The first dielectric substrate c1, the second dielectric substrate c2, the first substrate 101, and the second substrate 102 can be made of, but are not limited to, dielectric materials such as glass, PCB boards, and ceramics.

[0209] In an exemplary embodiment, the thickness of the variable dielectric layer 112 (dimension along a direction Z perpendicular to the plane of the first dielectric substrate c1) is approximately 0.01 microns to 100 microns. The variable dielectric layer 112 may be made of, but is not limited to, liquid crystal, PDLC (Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal), or other variable dielectric materials.

[0210] In an exemplary embodiment, the support structure 15, first connecting structure 121, second connecting structure 122, first microstrip line structure 1103, and second microstrip line structure 1104 may be made of, but not limited to, conductive metals such as copper, silver, and aluminum. The multiple switch control lines, first phase shift control lines, and second phase shift control lines soldered to the PCB may be made of conductive metal or ITO (Indium Tin Oxide).

[0211] An embodiment of the present disclosure further provides an electronic device, as shown in FIG20 , comprising the antenna described in any one of the above embodiments.

[0212] In an exemplary embodiment, the electronic device may be any product or component having the antenna of any of the above embodiments, such as a display device, a wearable device, a radar, a satellite, or the like.

[0213] The present disclosure also provides an antenna driving method, as shown in FIG21 , FIG1 and FIG5 c . The antenna includes at least one antenna unit 100. The antenna unit 100 may include a stacked first feeding structure layer 11, a second feeding structure layer 12 and a radiation structure layer 13. A switch structure 14 is provided between the first feeding structure layer 11 and the second feeding structure layer 12. The second feeding structure layer 12 is provided with multiple connection paths L0. The radiation structure layer 13 includes multiple feeding points K0. The switch structure 14 may include a first port R1 and multiple second ports R2. The first port R1 is electrically connected to the first feeding structure layer 11. At least two second ports R2 are electrically connected to at least some of the feeding points K0 through at least two connection paths L0. The driving method includes:

[0214] A control voltage is applied to the switch structure to control the first port to be connected to at least a portion of the second port, thereby controlling the polarization mode of the antenna.

[0215] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 1 to 4b, the first feeding structure layer 11 includes a phase shifting structure and a transmission structure, the transmission structure is electrically connected to the phase shifting structure, the transmission structure may include a first transmission structure d11 and a second transmission structure d12, the phase shifting structure may include a first substrate 101 and a second substrate 102 arranged opposite to each other, and a variable dielectric layer 112 provided between the first substrate 101 and the second substrate 102, a first conductive layer 113 is provided on a side of the first substrate 101 close to the second substrate 102, and a second conductive layer 113 is provided on a side of the second substrate 102 close to the first substrate 101. The conductive layer 114; the first conductive layer 113 is provided with a first electrode d1 and a first transmission structure d11, the second conductive layer 114 is provided with a second electrode d2, the first transmission structure d11 is electrically connected to the first electrode d1, the second transmission structure d12 is electrically connected to the second electrode d2, the orthographic projections of the first electrode d1 and the second electrode d2 on the first substrate 101 at least partially overlap, the orthographic projections of the first transmission structure d11 and the second transmission structure d12 on the first substrate 101 at least partially overlap, and the first transmission structure d11 is electrically connected to the first port R1. The driving method may further include:

[0216] A driving voltage is applied to the first electrode d1 and the second electrode d2 .

[0217] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 1 to 4b, a reference ground structure layer 111 (as shown in Figures 1 to 3b) or a third conductive patch 1110 (as shown in Figures 4a and 4b) is provided on the side of the second substrate 102 away from the radiation structure layer 13. The third conductive patch 1110 at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first transmission structure d11 on the first substrate 101, and the orthographic projections of the first conductive layer 113 and the second conductive layer 114 on the first substrate 101 are within the range of the orthographic projection of the reference ground structure layer 111 on the first substrate 101.

[0218] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 1 to 2, 3b, and 4b, the first feeding structure layer 11 may further include a third conductive layer 1140, which is located on a side of the first substrate 101 away from the second substrate 102. The third conductive layer 1140 may include a first conductive patch 1141, and the first conductive patch 1141 is provided with a first gap E1. The first gap E1 at least partially overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first transmission structure d11 on the first substrate, and the first port R1 is electrically connected to the first transmission structure d11 through the first conductive patch 1141; the first port R1 can be electrically connected to the first transmission structure d11 through the first gap E1 on the first conductive patch 1141 (gap coupling).

[0219] In an exemplary embodiment, the variable medium layer 112 may be a liquid crystal layer, and the dielectric constant of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer may be adjusted by applying a drive to the first electrode d1 and the second electrode d2 , thereby adjusting the phase of the electromagnetic wave.

[0220] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figures 14 and 15 , the switch structure 14 further includes control ports R3, the same number as the second ports R2. The control ports R3 are configured to receive control signals to control the connection between the first ports R1 and the corresponding second ports R2. In an exemplary embodiment, under the control of the control ports R3, the first ports R1 can be connected to one or more second ports R2. In the structures shown in Figures 14 and 15 , Figure 14 shows a physical structure diagram of the switch structure 14, and Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the switch structure 14. The switch structure 14 may include two second ports R2 (including R21 and R22) and two control ports R3 (including R31 and R32). The control port R31 can control the connection or disconnection between the first port R1 and the second port R21 (i.e., the first sub-port R21), and the control port R32 can control the connection or disconnection between the first port R1 and the second port R22 (i.e., the second sub-port R22). In an exemplary embodiment, the switch structure 14 can be a single-pole double-throw switch. In other embodiments, multiple transistors can be arranged inside the switch structure, the first port R1 is electrically connected to the first ends (e.g., sources) of the multiple transistors, the multiple second ports R2 are respectively electrically connected to the second poles (e.g., drains) of the multiple transistors, and the multiple control ports R3 are respectively electrically connected to the control poles (which can be called gates) of the multiple transistors. Thus, the multiple control ports R3 can be used to control one or more second ports R2 to be connected to the first port R1, thereby realizing switching of multiple polarization modes of the antenna.

[0221] An antenna, a driving method thereof, and an electronic device provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure include: a second feed structure layer in the antenna is provided with multiple connection paths; a radiation structure layer includes at least two feed points; a switch structure includes a first port and multiple second ports; the first port is electrically connected to the first feed structure layer; and at least two second ports are electrically connected to the at least two feed points via at least two connection paths, respectively; the switch structure is configured to control the connection between the first port and at least some of the second ports, thereby controlling the polarization mode of the antenna, which can improve polarization flexibility.

[0222] The drawings of the embodiments of the present disclosure only involve the structures involved in the embodiments of the present disclosure, and other structures may refer to general designs.

[0223] In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present disclosure, i.e., features in the embodiments, can be combined with each other to form new embodiments.

[0224] Although the embodiments disclosed in the present disclosure are as described above, the contents described are only embodiments adopted to facilitate understanding of the embodiments of the present disclosure and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present disclosure. Any person skilled in the art in the field to which the embodiments of the present disclosure belong may make any modifications and changes in the form and details of the implementation without departing from the spirit and scope disclosed in the embodiments of the present disclosure, but the scope of patent protection of the embodiments of the present disclosure shall still be based on the scope defined by the attached claims.

Claims

1. An antenna, comprising at least one antenna unit, wherein the antenna unit includes a stacked first feeding structure layer, a second feeding structure layer and a radiation structure layer, and a switching structure is provided between the first feeding structure layer and the second feeding structure layer; The second feeding structure layer is provided with a plurality of connection paths, the radiation structure layer includes a plurality of feeding points, the switching structure includes a first port and a plurality of second ports, the first port is electrically connected to the first feeding structure layer, and at least two of the second ports are electrically connected to at least some of the feeding points through at least two of the connection paths; The switching structure is configured to control the connection between the first port and at least some of the second ports, so as to control the polarization mode of the antenna.

2. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein, Each type of feeding point includes at least one feeding point, each type of connection path includes at least one connection path, the at least two ports are electrically connected to at least two types of the feeding points through at least two of the connection paths, and each second port is electrically connected to at least one feeding point in one type of the feeding points through at least one connection path in at least one type of the connection paths.

3. The antenna according to claim 2, wherein, The antenna unit further includes at least one connection branch, and each connection branch is configured to electrically connect at least two connection paths in at least two types of connection paths.

4. The antenna according to claim 3, wherein, Each connection branch is configured to electrically connect two connection paths, each connection branch is electrically connected to one of the connection paths at a first connection node and to the other connection path at a second connection node, the path length from the first connection node to the corresponding feeding point is the same as the path length from the second node to the corresponding feeding point, and the path lengths of the two connection paths electrically connected by the connection branch are the same.

5. The antenna according to claim 4, wherein, The path length of the connection branch is 0.1 times to 0.35 times the operating wavelength of the antenna.

6. The antenna according to claim 2, wherein, The second feeding structure layer includes at least one first dielectric substrate; Each connection path includes at least one first connection structure, the first connection structure penetrates at least one of the first dielectric substrates, and each feeding point is electrically connected to one of the second ports through at least part of the first connection structure.

7. The antenna according to claim 6, wherein, The second feeding structure layer includes at least two first dielectric substrates; The connection path further includes at least one second connection structure, and at least part of the second connection structure is located between two adjacent first dielectric substrates, and each feeding point is electrically connected to one of the second ports through at least part of the first connection structure and at least part of the second connection structure.

8. The antenna according to claim 7, wherein The plurality of connection paths further includes at least one connection branch, and the connection branch is arranged between two adjacent first dielectric substrates; The connection branch and at least part of the second connection structures in at least two types of connection paths are located in the same film layer, and the second connection structures in at least two types of connection paths located in the same film layer are electrically connected through the connection branch.

9. The antenna according to claim 6 or 7, wherein, At least part of the second connection structures in at least some of the connection paths are located on the side of the second feeding structure layer away from the radiation structure layer.

10. The antenna according to claim 9, wherein, The plurality of connection paths further includes at least one connection branch, and the connection branch is arranged on the side of the second feeding structure layer away from the radiation structure layer; The second connection structure in the at least two connection paths and the connection branch are located in the same film layer, and the second connection structure in the at least two connection paths located in the same film layer is electrically connected through the connection branch.

11. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein, Each feed point includes at least one feed point, each connection path includes at least one connection path, at least some of the feed points in at least one type of feed points are electrically connected to the first feed structure layer through at least one connection path in one of the connection paths, and at least some of the feed points in at least one type of feed points are electrically connected to at least two of the second ports through at least some of the connection paths in at least two connection paths.

12. The antenna according to claim 11, wherein, The multiple connection paths include a first type of connection path and a second type of connection path. The first type of connection path includes at least one connection path, and the second type of connection path includes at least two connection paths. The multiple feed points include a first type of feed point and a second type of feed point. Both the first type of feed point and the second type of feed point include at least one type of feed point. The at least two second ports include at least two. At least two of the second ports and at least one type of feed point in the second type of feed points are electrically connected through at least two connection paths in the second type of connection path respectively. At least one type of feed point in the first type of feed points is electrically connected to the first feed structure layer through at least one connection path in the first type of connection path.

13. The antenna according to claim 12, wherein, Among at least two connection paths in the second type of connection path, the second path length of at least one connection path is less than the first path length of the first type of connection path, and the third path length of at least one connection path is greater than the first path length of the first type of connection path.

14. The antenna according to claim 13, wherein, The difference between the second path length and the first path length is 0.1 times to 0.35 times the operating wavelength of the antenna, and the difference between the third path length and the first path length is 0.1 times to 0.35 times the operating wavelength of the antenna.

15. The antenna according to claim 14, wherein, At least two connection paths in the second type of connection path are electrically connected at a third connection node, and at least two connection paths in the second type of connection path share the communication path between the third connection node and the second type of feed points.

16. The antenna according to any one of claims 11 to 15, wherein, The second feed structure layer includes at least one first dielectric substrate; the feed points include a first type of feed point and a second type of feed point, and the multiple connection paths include a first type of connection path and a second type of connection path; At least a portion of the connection path includes at least one first connection structure. At least a portion of the connection path includes at least one first connection path and at least one second connection structure. The first connection structure penetrates at least one of the first dielectric substrates. At least a portion of the second connection structure is located on a side of the second feed structure layer away from the radiation structure layer. At least a portion of the first type of feed points is electrically connected to the first feed structure layer through at least a portion of the first connection structure in at least a portion of the first type of connection path or through at least a portion of the first connection structure and at least a portion of the second connection structure in at least a portion of the first type of connection path. At least a portion of the second type of feed points is electrically connected to at least two second ports respectively through at least a portion of the first connection structure in at least two connection paths of the second type of connection path or through at least a portion of the first connection structure and at least a portion of the second connection structure in at least two connection paths of the second type of connection path.

17. The antenna according to claim 16, wherein, The second feed structure layer includes at least two first dielectric substrates, and at least a portion of the second connection structure is located between two adjacent first dielectric substrates.

18. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The first feed structure layer includes a phase shift structure and a transmission structure. The transmission structure includes a first transmission structure and a second transmission structure. The phase shift structure includes a first substrate and a second substrate arranged oppositely, and a variable dielectric layer provided between the first substrate and the second substrate. A first conductive layer is provided on a side of the first substrate close to the second substrate, and a second conductive layer is provided on a side of the second substrate close to the first substrate. The first conductive layer is provided with a first electrode and the first transmission structure, and the second conductive layer is provided with a second electrode and the second transmission structure. The first transmission structure is electrically connected to the first electrode, and the second transmission structure is electrically connected to the second electrode. At least a portion of the orthographic projection of the first electrode and the second electrode on the first substrate overlaps, and at least a portion of the orthographic projection of the first transmission structure and the second transmission structure on the first substrate overlaps. The first transmission structure is electrically connected to the first port. A reference ground structure layer or a third conductive patch is provided on a side of the second substrate away from the radiation structure layer. The third conductive patch and the orthographic projection of the first transmission structure on the first substrate at least partially overlap. The first conduc The orthographic projections of the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer on the first substrate are within the range of the orthographic projection of the reference ground structure layer on the first substrate.

19. The antenna according to claim 18, wherein, The first feed structure layer further includes a third conductive layer, and the third conductive layer is located on a side of the first substrate away from the second substrate. The third conductive layer includes a first conductive patch, and the first conductive patch is provided with a first slit. The first slit and the orthographic projection of the first transmission structure on the first substrate at least partially overlap. The first port is electrically connected to the first transmission structure through the first conductive patch. Alternatively, the first feeding structure layer includes a conductive connection structure, and in a direction perpendicular to the plane where the first substrate is located, the conductive connection structure penetrates through the first substrate and is electrically connected to the first port and the first transmission structure.

20. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The radiation structure layer includes a layer of radiation patches. Alternatively, the radiation structure layer includes multiple layers of radiation patches and at least one second dielectric substrate. In a direction perpendicular to the plane where the first substrate is located, each second dielectric substrate is located between two adjacent layers of radiation patches, and the orthographic projection of the multiple layers of radiation patches on the second dielectric substrate at least partially overlaps.

21. The antenna according to claim 20, wherein, The shape of the radiation patch is square, and at least one of the at least two feeding points is located on at least one median line of the square radiation patch, and at least one of the at least two feeding points is located on at least one diagonal line of the square radiation patch. The feeding points located on the median line and the diagonal line are close to the edge positions of the square radiation patch. Alternatively, the shape of the radiation patch is rhombus, and at least one of the at least two feeding points is located on the connection line of the midpoints of at least one pair of opposite sides of the rhombus radiation patch, and at least one of the at least two feeding points is located on at least one diagonal line of the rhombus radiation patch. The feeding points located on the connection line of the midpoints and the diagonal line are close to the edge positions of the rhombus radiation patch. Alternatively, the shape of the radiation patch is circular, and at least two of the at least two feeding points are respectively located on at least two median lines of the square radiation patch. The feeding points located on the median line are close to the edge positions of the circular radiation patch. Alternatively, the shape of the radiation patch is a combination of two oppositely arranged semi - circles and a rectangle, the rectangle is located between the two oppositely arranged semi - circles, and at least two of the at least two feeding points are respectively located on at least two median lines of the circle where the semi - circle is located. The feeding points located on the median line are close to the edge positions of the semi - circle.

22. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein, In a direction perpendicular to the plane where the first feeding structure layer is located, a plurality of support structures are further provided between the first feeding structure layer and the second feeding structure layer. The support structures are configured to support the first feeding structure layer and the second feeding structure layer to form an accommodation space for accommodating the switching structure. Alternatively, in a direction perpendicular to the plane where the first feeding structure layer is located, a switching structure layer is provided between the first feeding structure layer and the second feeding structure layer, and the switching structure is integrated in the switching structure layer.

23. The antenna according to claim 22, wherein, The switching structure further includes control ports having the same number as the second ports. The control ports are configured to receive control signals to control the connection between the first port and the corresponding second port.

24. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein, The number of the antenna units is multiple, and the multiple antenna units are arranged in an array.

25. The antenna according to claim 24, wherein, The radiation structure layer includes radiation patches, and the positions of the same type of feeding points on the radiation patches of at least some of the multiple antenna units are not completely the same.

26. The antenna according to claim 24, wherein, The multiple antenna units include multiple antenna unit groups, the multiple antenna unit groups are arranged in an array, and the multiple antenna units located in the same antenna unit group share one switching structure.

27. An electronic device, comprising the antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 26.

28. A driving method for an antenna, the antenna comprising at least one antenna unit, the antenna unit comprising a stacked first feeding structure layer, a second feeding structure layer and a radiation structure layer, a switching structure being provided between the first feeding structure layer and the second feeding structure layer; the second feeding structure layer being provided with a plurality of connection paths, the radiation structure layer comprising a plurality of feeding points, the switching structure comprising a first port and a plurality of second ports, the first port being electrically connected to the first feeding structure layer, at least two of the second ports being electrically connected to at least some of the feeding points through at least two of the connection paths respectively; the driving method comprising: Applying a control voltage to the switching structure to control the connection between the first port and at least some of the second ports, thereby controlling the polarization mode of the antenna.

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