Devices and methods for spreading in uplink transmission
By configuring terminal and network devices to spread modulation symbols based on a spreading level and code index for PUSCH or PUCCH without dedicated resources, the solution addresses the challenge of enhancing uplink capacity in NTN, achieving effective orthogonal spreading and improved capacity.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2023/140447
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-12-20
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-26
AI Technical Summary
Existing communication technologies face challenges in enhancing uplink capacity, particularly in non-terrestrial networks (NTN) where a large number of terminal devices are served in a cell, leading to interference and difficulty in distinguishing transmissions from different devices.
A terminal device and network device configuration that spreads modulation symbols based on a spreading level and spreading code index for Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) or Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) without dedicated resources, allowing for orthogonal spreading codes to be applied in one or both dimensions, thereby enhancing uplink capacity.
The proposed solution effectively enhances uplink capacity by ensuring orthogonal spreading codes are used, allowing the network device to distinguish between transmissions from different terminal devices, even when using the same physical resources.
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Figure CN2023140447_26062025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
DEVICES AND METHODS FOR SPREADING IN UPLINK TRANSMISSION
[0001] FIELDS
[0002] Example embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of communication techniques and in particular, to devices and methods for spreading in uplink transmission.BACKGROUND
[0003] A non-terrestrial network (NTN) refers to a network or segment of networks using radio frequency (RF) resources on board a satellite or unmanned aircraft system (UAS) platform. The NTN could provide ubiquitous and resilient wireless service beyond the terrestrial network coverage. The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has started the standardization of NTN since the fifth generation (5G) communication system. NTN is expected to be fully integrated with TN in the sixth generation (6G) . In NTN, a relatively large number of terminal devices are served in a cell.SUMMARY
[0004] In a first aspect, there is provided a terminal device comprising: a processor configured to cause the terminal device to: receive, from a network device, a configuration comprising a spreading level and spreading code index for a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) or a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) without dedicated resources; spread, based on the spreading level and the spreading code index, a plurality of modulation symbols in at least one of a first dimension or a second dimension, wherein the first dimension has a range associated with a frequency band allocated for the PUSCH or the PUCCH without dedicated resources and the second dimension has a range at least associated with the spreading level; and transmit, to the network device, data of the PUSCH or the PUCCH without dedicated resources based on the spread plurality of modulation symbols.
[0005] In a second aspect, there is provided a network device comprising: a processor configured to cause the network device to: transmit, to a terminal device, a configuration comprising a spreading level and spreading code index for a PUSCH or PUCCH without dedicated resources; receive, from the terminal device, data of the PUSCH or the PUCCH without dedicated resources; and process the data to obtain a plurality of modulation symbols, wherein the plurality of modulation symbols is spread in at least one of a first dimension or a second dimension, wherein the first dimension has a range associated with a span of a frequency band allocated for the PUSCH or the PUCCH without dedicated resources and the second dimension has a range at least associated with the spreading level.
[0006] In a third aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a terminal device. The method comprises: receiving, from a network device, a configuration comprising a spreading level and spreading code index for a PUSCH or a PUCCH without dedicated resources; spreading, based on the spreading level and the spreading code index, a plurality of modulation symbols in at least one of a first dimension or a second dimension, wherein the first dimension has a range associated with a frequency band allocated for the PUSCH or the PUCCH without dedicated resources and the second dimension has a range at least associated with the spreading level; and transmitting, to the network device, data of the PUSCH or the PUCCH without dedicated resources based on the spread plurality of modulation symbols.
[0007] In a fourth aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a network device. The method comprises: transmitting, to a terminal device, a configuration comprising a spreading level and spreading code index for a PUSCH or PUCCH without dedicated resources; receiving, from the terminal device, data of the PUSCH or the PUCCH without dedicated resources; and processing the data to obtain a plurality of modulation symbols, wherein the plurality of modulation symbols is spread in at least one of a first dimension or a second dimension, wherein the first dimension has a range associated with a span of a frequency band allocated for the PUSCH or the PUCCH without dedicated resources and the second dimension has a range at least associated with the spreading level.
[0008] In a fifth aspect, there is provided a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to carry out the method according to the third, or fourth aspect.
[0009] Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0010] Through the more detailed description of some example embodiments of the present disclosure in the accompanying drawings, the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent, wherein:
[0011] FIG. 1 illustrates an example communication environment in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0012] FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B illustrate schematic diagrams of non-terrestrial network scenarios with different payload types in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0013] FIG. 3 illustrates different schemes for applying orthogonal codes;
[0014] FIG. 4 illustrates a signaling flow of an uplink transmission in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0015] FIG. 5 illustrates an example signal processing procedure for uplink transmission in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0016] FIG. 6A to FIG. 6E illustrate example sequential patterns in a first dimension in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0017] FIG. 7A to FIG. 7D illustrate example alternate patterns in the first dimension in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0018] FIG. 8A to FIG. 8D illustrate example sequential patterns in a second dimension in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0019] FIG. 9A to FIG. 9D illustrate example alternate patterns in the second dimension in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0020] FIG. 10A to FIG. 10E illustrate example alternate patterns in the first and second dimensions in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0021] FIG. 11A to FIG. 11B illustrate example sequential patterns in the first and second dimensions in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0022] FIG. 12 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a terminal device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0023] FIG. 13 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a network device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0024] FIG. 14 illustrates a simplified block diagram of an apparatus that is suitable for implementing example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0025] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0026] Principle of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some example embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. Embodiments described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0027] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0028] As used herein, the term ‘terminal device’ refers to any device having wireless or wired communication capabilities. Examples of the terminal device include, but not limited to, user equipment (UE) , personal computers, desktops, mobile phones, cellular phones, smart phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) , portable computers, tablets, wearable devices, internet of things (IoT) devices, Ultra-reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC) devices, Internet of Everything (IoE) devices, machine type communication (MTC) devices, devices on vehicle for V2X communication where X means pedestrian, vehicle, or infrastructure / network, devices for Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) , Space borne vehicles or Air borne vehicles in Non-terrestrial networks (NTN) including Satellites and High Altitude Platforms (HAPs) encompassing Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) , eXtended Reality (XR) devices including different types of realities such as Augmented Reality (AR) , Mixed Reality (MR) and Virtual Reality (VR) , the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) commonly known as a drone which is an aircraft without any human pilot, devices on high speed train (HST) , or image capture devices such as digital cameras, sensors, gaming devices, music storage and playback appliances, or Internet appliances enabling wireless or wired Internet access and browsing and the like. The ‘terminal device’ can further has ‘multicast / broadcast’ feature, to support public safety and mission critical, V2X applications, transparent IPv4 / IPv6 multicast delivery, IPTV, smart TV, radio services, software delivery over wireless, group communications and IoT applications. It may also incorporate one or multiple Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) as known as Multi-SIM. The term “terminal device” can be used interchangeably with a UE, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile terminal, a user terminal or a wireless device.
[0029] The term “network device” refers to a device which is capable of providing or hosting a cell or coverage where terminal devices can communicate. Examples of a network device include, but not limited to, a Node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a next generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , a radio head (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , an IAB node, a low power node such as a femto node, a pico node, a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) , and the like.
[0030] The terminal device or the network device may have Artificial intelligence (AI) or Machine learning capability. It generally includes a model which has been trained from numerous collected data for a specific function, and can be used to predict some information.
[0031] The terminal or the network device may work on several frequency ranges, e.g., FR1 (e.g., 450 MHz to 6000 MHz) , FR2 (e.g., 24.25GHz to 52.6GHz) , frequency band larger than 100 GHz as well as Tera Hertz (THz) . It can further work on licensed / unlicensed / shared spectrum. The terminal device may have more than one connection with the network devices under Multi-Radio Dual Connectivity (MR-DC) application scenario. The terminal device or the network device can work on full duplex, flexible duplex and cross division duplex modes.
[0032] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed in test equipment, e.g., signal generator, signal analyzer, spectrum analyzer, network analyzer, test terminal device, test network device, channel emulator. In some embodiments, the terminal device may be connected with a first network device and a second network device. One of the first network device and the second network device may be a master node and the other one may be a secondary node. The first network device and the second network device may use different radio access technologies (RATs) . In some embodiments, the first network device may be a first RAT device and the second network device may be a second RAT device. In some embodiments, the first RAT device is eNB and the second RAT device is gNB. Information related with different RATs may be transmitted to the terminal device from at least one of the first network device or the second network device. In some embodiments, first information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the first network device and second information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device. In some embodiments, information related with configuration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted from the second network device via the first network device. Information related with reconfiguration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device.
[0033] As used herein, the singular forms ‘a’ , ‘an’ and ‘the’ are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term ‘includes’ and its variants are to be read as open terms that mean ‘includes, but is not limited to. ’ The term ‘based on’ is to be read as ‘at least in part based on. ’ The term ‘one embodiment’ and ‘an embodiment’ are to be read as ‘at least one embodiment. ’ The term ‘another embodiment’ is to be read as ‘at least one other embodiment. ’ The terms ‘first, ’ ‘second, ’ and the like may refer to different or same objects. Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below.
[0034] In some examples, values, procedures, or apparatus are referred to as ‘best, ’ ‘lowest, ’ ‘highest, ’ ‘minimum, ’ ‘maximum, ’ or the like. It will be appreciated that such descriptions are intended to indicate that a selection among many used functional alternatives can be made, and such selections need not be better, smaller, higher, or otherwise preferable to other selections.
[0035] As used herein, the term “resource, ” “transmission resource, ” “uplink resource, ” or “downlink resource” may refer to any resource for performing a communication, such as a resource in time domain, a resource in frequency domain, a resource in space domain, a resource in code domain, or any other resource enabling a communication, and the like. In the following, unless explicitly stated, a resource in both frequency domain and time domain will be used as an example of a transmission resource for describing some example embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that example embodiments of the present disclosure are equally applicable to other resources in other domains.
[0036] Principles and implementations of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the figures.
[0037] Example environment
[0038] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of an example communication environment 100 in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. In the communication environment 100, a network device 120 may a plurality of terminal devices 110-1, 110-2 and 110-3, which are collectively referred to as terminal devices 110 or individually referred to as a terminal device 110. In an example of FIG. 1, the terminal device 110 may be an UE and the network device 120 may be a base station serving the UE.
[0039] It is to be understood that the number of devices and their connections shown in FIG. 1 is only for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitation. The communication environment 100 may include any suitable number of devices configured to implement example embodiments of the present disclosure. Although not shown, it would be appreciated that one or more additional devices may be deployed in the communication environment 100.
[0040] In the following, for the purpose of illustration, some example embodiments are described with the terminal device 110 operating as a UE and the network device 120 operating as a gNB. However, in some example embodiments, operations described in connection with a terminal device may be implemented at a network device or other device, and operations described in connection with a network device may be implemented at a terminal device or other devices.
[0041] A link from the network device 120 to the terminal device 110 is referred to as a downlink (DL) , while a link from the terminal device 110 to the network device 120 is referred to as an uplink (UL) . In DL, the network device 120 is a transmitting (TX) device (or a transmitter) and the terminal device 110 is a receiving (RX) device (or a receiver) . In UL, the terminal device 110 is a TX device (or a transmitter) and the network device 120 is a RX device (or a receiver) . In communication, the terminal device 110 may perform uplink transmission with the network device 120, for example PUSCH transmission. DMRS bundling may be needed for transmission occasions of the uplink transmission.
[0042] The communications in the communication environment 100 may conform to any suitable standards including, but not limited to, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) , Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Evolution, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , New Radio (NR) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , GSM EDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN) , Machine Type Communication (MTC) and the like. The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed according to any generation communication protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Examples of the communication protocols include, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) communication protocols, 5.5G, 5G-Advanced networks, or the sixth generation (6G) networks.
[0043] In some embodiments, the communication environment 100 may be implemented in the NTN. The NTN may have different payload types. FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B illustrate schematic diagrams of NTN scenarios with different payload types. The NTN of FIG. 2A is based on a transparent payload, and the NTN of FIG. 2B is based on a regenerative payload.
[0044] In some example embodiments, a satellite or UAS platform may implement either a transparent or a regenerative (with on board processing) payload. The satellite or UAS platform may generate beams (for example, typically generate several beams) over a given service area bounded by its field of view 260. The footprints 250 of the beams are typically of an elliptic shape. The field of view of a satellite or UAS platform depends on the on-board antenna diagram and the minimum elevation angle. Table 1 shows some parameters for some example platforms.
[0045] Table 1
[0046] As shown in FIG. 2A, in a transparent payload scenario, an UE 210 may communicate with the satellite 220 or UAS platform through a service link, and the satellite 220 or UAS platform may communicate with a gateway 230 having connection with a data network 240 through a feeder link. In this scenario, the satellite 220 or UAS platform may perform RF filtering, frequency conversion and amplification, therefore a waveform signal repeated by the payload may be unchanged. Based on the transparent payload, the UE 210 may have a connection with the data network 240. The round-trip time (RTT) in this case reflects the time for data to transmit from the UE 210 through the satellite 220 or UAS platform to a gNB (which is on the ground) .
[0047] As shown in FIG. 2B, in a regenerative payload scenario, the UE 210 may communicate with a satellite 220-1 or UAS platform through a service link. The satellite 220-1 or UAS platform may communicate with a satellite 220-2 or UAS platform through Inter-Switch Link (ISL) , and the satellite 220-2 or UAS platform may communicate with the gateway 230 having a connection with the data network 240 through a feeder link. If ISL is not available, the satellite 220 or UAS platform may communicate with the gateway 230 having a connection with a data network 240 through a feeder link. In this scenario, the satellite 220-1 and 220-2 (or UAS platform) may perform RF filtering, frequency conversion and amplification, demodulation / decoding, switch and / or routing, and coding / modulation which is effectively equivalent to having all or part of base station (for example, gNB) functions on the satellite or UAS platform. Based on the regenerative payload, the UE 210 may have a connection with the data network 240. The RTT in this case reflects the time for data to transmit from the UE 210 to the gNB (which is on the satellite or UAS platform) .
[0048] The Orthogonal Cover Code (OCC) is a coding technique used in wireless communication systems to mitigate interference and improve overall system performance. OCC is particularly effective in scenarios where multiple UEs or devices are transmitting simultaneously, such as in cellular networks or wireless local area networks (WLANs) . Thus, OCC is a Code Domain Multiplexing (CDM) technique. In OCC, there may be two types of basic operations: spreading of the modulation symbols and multiplexing of the orthogonal codes.
[0049] In coding theory, orthogonal codes refer to sets of binary sequences that have desirable properties. These codes have the property that their inner product is zero, except when two identical sequences are multiplied together, in which case the inner product is equal to the length of the sequence.
[0050] FIG. 3 illustrates different schemes for applying orthogonal codes. A scheme in which the OCC is applied in time domain (TD) is referred to as TD-CDM. A scheme in which the OCC is applied in frequency domain (FD) is referred to as FD-CDM, for example, the pattern shown as “FD-CDM2” in FIG. 3. A scheme in which the OCC is applied in both TD and FD is referred to as FD-TD-CDM, for example the pattern shown as “FD2-TD2-CDM4” in FIG. 3 and the pattern shown as “FD2-TD4-CDM8” in FIG. 3.
[0051] In some solutions, OCC may be used for a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) and demodulation reference signal (DM-RS) multiplexing to provide additional DM-RS ports. Since the OCC code length is across resource element (RE) in OFDM symbols of both slots, it means that such high-rank transmission is more sensitive to time variations in the channel as the channel should ideally be constant across all REs occupied by the OCC.
[0052] For uplink, for example 5G Uplink, there are both Cyclic Prefix (CP) -OFDM and Discrete Fourier Transform-spreading (DFT-s) -OFDM waveform. Compared to CP-OFDM, there is a transform precoding operation before sub-carrier mapping in DFT-s-OFDM. DFT-s-OFDM has a better Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) , which suits power-constrained UL transmission. DFT-s-OFDM is more vulnerable to frequency offset and phase noise, which requires more accurate channel estimation.
[0053] In some cases, more than one UEs may perform UL transmissions to the network by using the same physical resources or overlapped physical resources. In these cases, the network would have to distinguish the UL transmissions from different UEs. In some cases, one UE may perform different UL transmissions to the network by using the same physical resources or overlapped physical resources. In these cases, the network would have to distinguish the different UL transmissions from the same UE. In view of the above, there is a need to enhance UL capacity to support the UL transmissions from different UEs, in particular for NTN where a relatively large number of users (for example, terminal devices) are served in a cell.
[0054] The example embodiments of the present disclosure propose a solution for UL capacity enhancement. In this solution, a network device may configure a terminal device with a spreading level and a spreading code index for an UL channel. The UL channel may be a PUCCH without dedicated resources or a PUSCH. Based on the spreading level and the spreading code index, the terminal device may spread a plurality of modulation symbols in at least one of a first dimension or a second dimension. The first dimension has a range associated with a frequency band allocated for the PUSCH or the PUCCH without dedicated resources and the second dimension has a range at least associated with the spreading level. Then, the terminal device may perform transmission of the UL channel based on the spread plurality of modulation symbols.
[0055] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the modulation symbols for a UL transmission are spread with spreading codes. The network device can indicate different terminal devices with orthogonal codes such that the spread symbols for these terminal devices are orthogonal with each other. Alternatively, or in addition, the network device can indicate a terminal device with orthogonal codes such that the spread symbols for different UL transmissions from the same terminal device are orthogonal with each other. Therefore, the network device can distinguish UL transmissions from these different terminal devices by using the same physical resources or overlapped physical resources. In this way, the UL capacity can be enhanced.
[0056] Example signaling flow for UL transmission
[0057] Reference is made to FIG. 4, which illustrates a signaling flow 400 of a UL transmission in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purposes of discussion, the signaling flow 400 will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1, for example, by using the terminal device 110 and the network device 120. It is to be understood that although one terminal device 110 is illustrated in FIG. 4, the signal flow 400 may involves a plurality of terminal devices.
[0058] As shown, the network device 120 may transmit (410) a spreading configuration for an uplink channel to the terminal device 110. The spreading configuration may include a spreading level and a spreading code index for the uplink channel. In some embodiments, the uplink channel may be a PUSCH. In some embodiments, the uplink channel may be a PUCCH without dedicated resources. In the following, some example embodiments are described with respect to the PUSCH. However, it is to be noted that these example embodiments are applicable to the PUCCH without dedicated resources.
[0059] The spreading level may represent the level for spreading modulation symbols or the level for multiplexing spreading codes. For example, the spreading level may be an OCC length given by the higher layer parameter occ-Length, or indicated by downlink control information (DCI) or medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) . The spreading level may be 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 or the like. The spreading code index may indicate a set of orthogonal sequences to use. As an example, the spreading code index may be used to determine a code book to use. For example, the spreading code index may be an OCC index given by the higher layer parameter occ-Index, or indicated by DCI or MAC CE.
[0060] In some embodiments, if there are a plurality of terminal devices 110 allocated with the same or at least partially overlapped physical resources for PUSCH, the network device 120 may indicate the spreading code indices for these terminal devices 110 such that the spreading codes to be applied by these terminal devices 110 are orthogonal. Alternatively, or in addition, in some embodiments, if one terminal device 110 is allocated with the same or at least partially overlapped physical resources for different PUSCH transmissions, the network device 120 may indicate the spreading code indices for the terminal device 110 such that the spreading codes to be applied to different PUSCH transmissions are orthogonal.
[0061] In some embodiments, the spreading configuration may include other information regarding spreading for the uplink channel. For example, the spreading configuration may include an indication of a starting symbol for the uplink channel.
[0062] In some embodiments, the spreading configuration may further include an indication of a spreading pattern to use. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the spreading pattern to use may be predetermined. The spreading pattern or spreading mode may indicate how to apply a plurality of spreading codes, for example orthogonal sequences. In some embodiments, the spreading pattern may include a sequential pattern and an alternate pattern, as will be described in detail below.
[0063] The terminal device 110 may receive (420) the spreading configuration for the uplink channel from the network device 120. During preparation of data for the uplink channel, the terminal device 110 may obtain a plurality of modulation symbols. Based on the spreading configuration, the terminal device 110 may spread (430) the plurality of modulation symbols in at least one of a first dimension or a second dimension different from the first dimension. The terminal device 110 may spread the modulation symbols according to the spreading pattern.
[0064] The first dimension may have a range associated with a frequency band allocated for the uplink channel, for example, the PUSCH or the PUCCH without dedicated resources. In some embodiments, the range of the first dimension may be associated with the number (which is also referred to as fourth number) of subcarriers allocated for the uplink channel, such as the PUSCH or the PUCCH without dedicated resources. For example, the largest index of the first dimension may be based on the number of allocated subcarriers.
[0065] The second dimension may have a range at least associated with the spreading level, for example the higher layer parameter occ-Length, or indicated by DCI or MAC CE.In some embodiments, the range of the second dimension may be associated with the spreading level, the number of allocated subcarrier and the number (which is referred to as a fifth number) of the plurality of modulation symbols.
[0066] In some embodiments, the first dimension may be associated with frequency domain and the second dimension may be associated with time domain.
[0067] To perform the spreading, a plurality of spreading codes to use may be determined based on the spreading level and the spreading code index. The number of the plurality of spreading codes may be equal to the spreading level. A code book to use may be determined based on the spreading code index. Then, the plurality of spreading codes to use may be selected from the code book to use. Then, the plurality of spreading codes may be applied to the plurality of modulation symbols according to the spreading pattern, which may be indicated by the network device 120 or predefined.
[0068] As an example, the spreading may be performed according to the following equation:
[0069] where y represents the spread modulation symbols; k represents the index in the first dimension, which is also referred to as first index; l represents the index in the second dimension, which is also referred to as second index; wn () represents an applied spreading code, for example, an orthogonal sequence in the nth code book (the code book with the spreading code index n) ; d () represents a modulation symbol. f (l, k) represents a function with at least one of the first index and second index (e.g. f (l) represents a spreading mode in the second dimension, f (k) represents a spreading mode in the first dimension, f (l, k) represents a spreading mode in both the first and second dimensions) , and g (l, k) represents a function of the first index and the second index which define which modulation symbol to be spread by wn. The specific form of the functions f (l, k) and g (l, k) may depend on the spreading pattern to use.
[0070] In some embodiments, the first index k may a value rang of The second index l may have a value range of where represents the spreading level, represents the bandwidth of the physical channel (e.g. PUSCH / PUCCH without dedicated resource) in the number of subcarriers, and Msymb represents the number of modulation symbols to spread.
[0071] The spreading may be performed before transform precoding. FIG. 5 illustrates an example signal processing procedure 500 for uplink transmission in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As an example, FIG. 5 shows the signal processing procedure 500 for PUSCH with a DFT-s-OFDM waveform. As can be seen, the spreading may be performed after layer mapping but before transform precoding.
[0072] The procedure 500 is an example without any limitation. Depending on the specific waveform and uplink channel, the spreading may be performed at any suitable step during signal processing. The transform precoding as shown in FIG. 5 is optional. In absence of the transform precoding, the spreading may be performed after layer mapping but before precoding. Moreover, if the spreading is performed after layer mapping, the plurality of modulation symbols as used herein may be modulation symbols per layer.
[0073] Reference is now made back to FIG. 4. Through spreading, the spread plurality of modulation symbols may be obtained. Then, the terminal device 110 may transmit (440) , to the network device 120, data of the uplink channel based on the spread plurality of modulation symbols. For example, as shown in FIG. 5, after performing transform precoding, precoding, mapping to virtual resources blocks and mapping from virtual resource blocks to physical resource blocks, the data of PUSCH may be transmitted.
[0074] The network device 120 may receive (450) the data of the uplink channel from the terminal device 110. Then, the network device 120 may process (460) the data to obtain the plurality of modulation symbols. In other words, the network device 120 may perform de-spreading to obtain the plurality of modulation symbols.
[0075] De-spreading may be a reverse operation of the spreading performed by the terminal device 110. For example, the network device 120 may process the received data to obtain the spread plurality of spreading codes. The plurality of spreading codes to use may be determined based on the spreading level and the spreading code index. The number of the plurality of spreading codes may be equal to the spreading level. The code book to use may be determined based on the spreading code index. Then, the plurality of spreading codes to use may be selected from the code book to use. Then, the plurality of spreading codes may be applied to the spread plurality of modulation symbols according to the spreading pattern, which may be indicated by the network device 120 or predefined. As such, the plurality of modulation symbols may be obtained by the network device 120.
[0076] As mentioned above, in the embodiments where there is a plurality of terminal devices 110 allocated with the same or at least partially overlapped physical resources for PUSCH, the spreading codes applied by these terminal devices 110 are orthogonal. As such, the network device 110 can distinguish the data from different terminal devices 110. Alternatively, or in addition, in the embodiments where the terminal device 110 is allocated with the same or at least partially overlapped physical resources for different PUSCH transmissions, the spreading codes applied to different PUSCH transmissions are orthogonal. As such, the network device 110 can distinguish the data of different PUSCH transmissions from the same terminal device.
[0077] Example spreading patterns
[0078] As mentioned above, different patterns may be employed. Some example spreading patterns are now described with reference to FIG. 6A to FIG. 11B. As used herein, a spread symbol set may be generated by applying the same spread code to the plurality of modulation symbols. In other words, the spread symbol set may include a plurality of spread symbols one-to-one corresponding to the plurality of modulation symbols. Different spread symbol sets may correspond to different spread codes, which may belong to the same code book as indicated by the spread code index.
[0079] In FIG. 6A to FIG. 11B, the horizontal direction corresponds to the second dimension and the vertical direction corresponds to the first dimension. Each cell represents a spread symbol. The numeral value in each cell represents the corresponding modulation symbol, which means that the spread symbols with the same numeral value are spread from the same modulation symbol. The letter in each cell represents the spread symbol set to which the corresponding spread symbol belongs. The spread symbols with the same letter belong to the same spread symbol set and are applied with the same spreading code.
[0080] Spreading in the first dimension
[0081] In some embodiments, the spreading may be performed in the first dimension. In other words, identical modulation symbols may be spread according to first indices in the first dimension by applying with respective spreading codes. If the first dimension is associated with frequency domain, the identical modulation symbols may be considered as being spread into different subcarriers.
[0082] In an example, the terminal device 110 may determine a first number of spreading codes based on the spreading level and the spreading code index, the first number being equal to the spreading level, for example 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12. The terminal device 110 may generate the first number of spread symbol sets by applying the first number of spreading codes to the plurality of modulation symbols in the first dimension. As a result, each spread symbol set may correspond to the plurality of modulation symbols and has a set of first indices in the first dimension. The respective sets of first indices for the first number of spread symbol sets are different. In other words, the resulting spread symbol sets are distinguished from each other in term of their first indices in the first dimension.
[0083] In some embodiments, a sequential pattern in the first dimension may be employed. For example, the first number of spreading codes may be applied sequentially according to first indices of the first dimension. For another example, the respective sets of first indices for the first number of spread symbol sets may have a sequential pattern, and second indices in the second dimension for each spread symbol set may cover the rang of the second dimension. In these embodiments, block-wise spreading in the first dimension may be performed. Spreading according to the sequential pattern in the first dimension may be referred to as sequential spreading in the first dimension.
[0084] Reference is now made to FIG. 6A to FIG. 6E to describe some example sequential patterns in the first dimension in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0085] In the example of FIG. 6A, the first dimension has an index range from 0 to 11, the second dimension has an index range from 0 to 3, and 24 modulation symbols with indices from 0 to 23 are spread. The network device 120 may indicate the terminal device 110 with a spreading level of 2, for example, the parameter occ-Length of 2. Based on the parameter occ-index, a code book including two spreading codes may be determined. The modulation symbols may be applied (for example, multiplexed) with the two spreading codes sequentially in the first dimension.
[0086] As a result, two spread symbol sets may be obtained, or in other words, the modulation symbols are multiplexed as two spread symbol sets in a sequential pattern along the first dimension. As shown in FIG. 6A, the first spread symbol set shown with the letter “A” is generated by applying the first spread code in the code book, and the second spread symbol set shown with the letter “B” is generated by applying the second spread code in the code book.
[0087] The spread symbols in the first spread symbol set and the spread symbols in the second spread symbol set span the range of the second dimension. In the first dimension, the spread symbols in the first spread symbol set and the spread symbols in the second spread symbol set have difference indices. Different spread symbol sets are distinguished from each other in a sequential pattern along the first dimension.
[0088] In the example of FIG. 6B, the first dimension has an index range from 0 to 11, the second dimension has an index range from 0 to 7, and 24 modulation symbols with indices from 0 to 23 are spread. The network device 120 may indicate the terminal device 110 with a spreading level of 4, for example, the parameter occ-Length of 4. Based on the parameter occ-index, a code book including four spreading codes may be determined. The modulation symbols may be applied (for example, multiplexed) with the four spreading codes sequentially in the first dimension.
[0089] As a result, four spread symbol sets may be obtained, or in other words, the modulation symbols are multiplexed as four spread symbol sets in a sequential pattern along the first dimension. As shown in FIG. 6B, the first spread symbol set shown with the letter “A” is generated by applying the first spread code in the code book, the second spread symbol set shown with the letter “B” is generated by applying the second spread code in the code book, the third spread symbol set shown with the letter “C” is generated by applying the third spread code in the code book, and the fourth spread symbol set shown with the letter “D” is generated by applying the fourth spread code in the code book.
[0090] The spread symbols in these four spread symbol sets span the range of the second dimension. In the first dimension, the spread symbols in the different spread symbol sets have difference indices. Different spread symbol sets are distinguished from each other in a sequential pattern along the first dimension.
[0091] In the example of FIG. 6C, the first dimension has an index range from 0 to 11, the second dimension has an index range from 0 to 11, and 24 modulation symbols with indices from 0 to 23 are spread. The network device 120 may indicate the terminal device 110 with a spreading level of 6, for example, the parameter occ-Length of 6. Based on the parameter occ-index, a code book including six spreading codes may be determined. The modulation symbols may be applied (for example, multiplexed) with the six spreading codes sequentially in the first dimension.
[0092] As a result, six spread symbol sets may be obtained, or in other words, the modulation symbols are multiplexed as six spread symbol sets in a sequential pattern along the first dimension. As shown in FIG. 6C, the ith spread symbol set is generated by applying the ith spread code in the code book. For example, the first spread symbol set shown with the letter “A” is generated by applying the first spread code in the code book, the second spread symbol set shown with the letter “B” is generated by applying the second spread code in the code book, the third spread symbol set shown with the letter “C”is generated by applying the third spread code in the code book, the fourth spread symbol set shown with the letter “D” is generated by applying the fourth spread code in the code book, the fifth spread symbol set shown with the letter “E” is generated by applying the fifth spread code in the code book, and the sixth spread symbol set shown with the letter “F” is generated by applying the sixth spread code in the code book.
[0093] The spread symbols in these six spread symbol sets span the range of the second dimension. In the first dimension, the spread symbols in the different spread symbol sets have difference indices. Different spread symbol sets are distinguished from each other in a sequential pattern along the first dimension.
[0094] In the example of FIG. 6D, the first dimension has an index range from 0 to 11, the second dimension has an index range from 0 to 23, and 24 modulation symbols with indices from 0 to 23 are spread. The network device 120 may indicate the terminal device 110 with a spreading level of 12, for example, the parameter occ-Length of 12. Based on the parameter occ-index, a code book including twelve spreading codes may be determined. The modulation symbols may be applied (for example, multiplexed) with the twelve spreading codes sequentially in the first dimension.
[0095] As a result, twelve spread symbol sets may be obtained, or in other words, the modulation symbols are multiplexed as twelve spread symbol sets in a sequential pattern along the first dimension. As shown in FIG. 6D, the ith spread symbol set is generated by applying the ith spread code in the code book. For example, the first spread symbol set shown with the letter “A” is generated by applying the first spread code in the code book, the second spread symbol set shown with the letter “B” is generated by applying the second spread code in the code book, and so on, and the twelfth spread symbol set shown with the letter “L” is generated by applying the twelfth spread code in the code book.
[0096] The spread symbols in these twelve spread symbol sets span the range of the second dimension. In the first dimension, the spread symbols in the different spread symbol sets have difference indices. Different spread symbol sets are distinguished from each other in a sequential pattern along the first dimension.
[0097] In the example of FIG. 6E, the first dimension has an index range from 0 to 23, the second dimension has an index range from 0 to 11, and 24 modulation symbols with indices from 0 to 23 are spread. The network device 120 may indicate the terminal device 110 with a spreading level of 12, for example, the parameter occ-Length of 12. Based on the parameter occ-index, a code book including twelve spreading codes may be determined. The modulation symbols may be applied (for example, multiplexed) with the twelve spreading codes sequentially in the first dimension.
[0098] As a result, twelve spread symbol sets may be obtained, or in other words, the modulation symbols are multiplexed as twelve spread symbol sets in a sequential pattern along the first dimension. As shown in FIG. 6E, the ith spread symbol set is generated by applying the ith spread code in the code book. For example, the first spread symbol set shown with the letter “A” is generated by applying the first spread code in the code book, the second spread symbol set shown with the letter “B” is generated by applying the second spread code in the code book, and so on, and the twelfth spread symbol set shown with the letter “L” is generated by applying the twelfth spread code in the code book.
[0099] The spread symbols in these twelve spread symbol sets span the range of the second dimension. In the first dimension, the spread symbols in the different spread symbol sets have difference indices. Different spread symbol sets are distinguished from each other in a sequential pattern along the first dimension.
[0100] The difference between the patterns of FIG. 6D and FIG. 6E is that more frequency resources are allocated for the uplink channel in the case of FIG. 6E. For example, one physical resource block (PRB) is scheduled for the uplink channel in the case of FIG. 6D and two PRBs are scheduled for the uplink channel in the case of FIG. 6E.
[0101] In some embodiments, an alternate pattern in the first dimension may be employed. For example, the first number of spreading codes may be applied alternately according to first indices of the first dimension. For another example, the respective sets of first indices for the first number of spread symbol sets may have an alternate pattern, and second indices in the second dimension for each spread symbol set may cover the rang of the second dimension. In these embodiments, same modulation symbols are spread with adjacent indices in the first dimension. In other words, the spread symbols multiplexed from the same modulation symbol are adjacent in the first dimension. Spreading according to the alternate pattern in the first dimension may be referred to as alternate spreading in the first dimension.
[0102] In these embodiments, the ith spread symbol set may correspond to first indices divided by the value of the spreading level with a remainder of i-1.
[0103] Reference is now made to FIG. 7A to FIG. 7D to describe some example alternate patterns in the first dimension in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0104] In the example of FIG. 7A, the first dimension has an index range from 0 to 11, the second dimension has an index range from 0 to 3, and 24 modulation symbols with indices from 0 to 23 are spread. The network device 120 may indicate the terminal device 110 with a spreading level of 2, for example, the parameter occ-Length of 2. Based on the parameter occ-index, a code book including two spreading codes may be determined. The modulation symbols may be applied (for example, multiplexed) with the two spreading codes alternately in the first dimension.
[0105] As a result, two spread symbol sets may be obtained, or in other words, the modulation symbols are multiplexed as two spread symbol sets in an alternate pattern along the first dimension. As shown in FIG. 7A, the first spread symbol set shown with the letter “A” is generated by applying the first spread code in the code book, and the second spread symbol set shown with the letter “B” is generated by applying the second spread code in the code book. In the first dimension, even indices correspond to the first spread symbol set, and odd indices correspond to the second spread symbol set.
[0106] The spread symbols in the first spread symbol set and the spread symbols in the second spread symbol set span the range of the second dimension. The spread symbols multiplexed from the same modulation symbol are adjacent in the first dimension. Different spread symbol sets are distinguished from each other in an alternate pattern along the first dimension.
[0107] In the example, the ith spread symbol set may correspond to first indices divided by 2 with a remainder of i-1. For example, the first spread symbol set may correspond to first indices divided by 2 with a remainder of 0, and the second spread symbol set may correspond to first indices divided by 2 with a remainder of 1.
[0108] In the example of FIG. 7B, the first dimension has an index range from 0 to 11, the second dimension has an index range from 0 to 7, and 24 modulation symbols with indices from 0 to 23 are spread. The network device 120 may indicate the terminal device 110 with a spreading level of 4, for example, the parameter occ-Length of 4. Based on the parameter occ-index, a code book including four spreading codes may be determined. The modulation symbols may be applied (for example, multiplexed) with the four spreading codes alternately in the first dimension.
[0109] As a result, four spread symbol sets may be obtained, or in other words, the modulation symbols are multiplexed as four spread symbol sets in an alternate pattern along the first dimension. As shown in FIG. 7B, the first spread symbol set shown with the letter “A” is generated by applying the first spread code in the code book, the second spread symbol set shown with the letter “B” is generated by applying the second spread code in the code book, the third spread symbol set shown with the letter “C” is generated by applying the third spread code in the code book, and the fourth spread symbol set shown with the letter “D” is generated by applying the fourth spread code in the code book.
[0110] The spread symbols in these four spread symbol sets span the range of the second dimension. The spread symbols multiplexed from the same modulation symbol are adjacent in the first dimension. Different spread symbol sets are distinguished from each other in an alternate pattern along the first dimension.
[0111] In the example, the ith spread symbol set may correspond to first indices divided by 4 with a remainder of i-1. For example, the first spread symbol set may correspond to first indices divided by 4 with a remainder of 0, the second spread symbol set may correspond to first indices divided by 4 with a remainder of 1, the third spread symbol set may correspond to first indices divided by 4 with a remainder of 2, and the fourth spread symbol set may correspond to first indices divided by 4 with a remainder of 3.
[0112] In the example of FIG. 7C, the first dimension has an index range from 0 to 11, the second dimension has an index range from 0 to 11, and 24 modulation symbols with indices from 0 to 23 are spread. The network device 120 may indicate the terminal device 110 with a spreading level of 6, for example, the parameter occ-Length of 6. Based on the parameter occ-index, a code book including six spreading codes may be determined. The modulation symbols may be applied (for example, multiplexed) with the six spreading codes alternately in the first dimension.
[0113] As a result, six spread symbol sets may be obtained, or in other words, the modulation symbols are multiplexed as six spread symbol sets in an alternate pattern along the first dimension. As shown in FIG. 7C, the ith spread symbol set is generated by applying the ith spread code in the code book. For example, the first spread symbol set shown with the letter “A” is generated by applying the first spread code in the code book, the second spread symbol set shown with the letter “B” is generated by applying the second spread code in the code book, the third spread symbol set shown with the letter “C”is generated by applying the third spread code in the code book, the fourth spread symbol set shown with the letter “D” is generated by applying the fourth spread code in the code book, the fifth spread symbol set shown with the letter “E” is generated by applying the fifth spread code in the code book, and the sixth spread symbol set shown with the letter “F” is generated by applying the sixth spread code in the code book.
[0114] The spread symbols in these six spread symbol sets span the range of the second dimension. The spread symbols multiplexed from the same modulation symbol are adjacent in the first dimension. Different spread symbol sets are distinguished from each other in an alternate pattern along the first dimension.
[0115] In the example, the ith spread symbol set may correspond to first indices divided by 6 with a remainder of i-1. For example, the first spread symbol set may correspond to first indices divided by 6 with a remainder of 0, the second spread symbol set may correspond to first indices divided by 6 with a remainder of 1, the third spread symbol set may correspond to first indices divided by 6 with a remainder of 2, the fourth spread symbol set may correspond to first indices divided by 6 with a remainder of 3, the fifth spread symbol set may correspond to first indices divided by 6 with a remainder of 4, and the sixth spread symbol set may correspond to first indices divided by 6 with a remainder of 5.
[0116] In the example of FIG. 7D, the first dimension has an index range from 0 to 11, the second dimension has an index range from 0 to 23, and 24 modulation symbols with indices from 0 to 23 are spread. The network device 120 may indicate the terminal device 110 with a spreading level of 12, for example, the parameter occ-Length of 12. Based on the parameter occ-index, a code book including twelve spreading codes may be determined. The modulation symbols may be applied (for example, multiplexed) with the twelve spreading codes alternately in the first dimension.
[0117] As a result, twelve spread symbol sets may be obtained, or in other words, the modulation symbols are multiplexed as twelve spread symbol sets in an alternate pattern along the first dimension. As shown in FIG. 7D, the ith spread symbol set is generated by applying the ith spread code in the code book. For example, the first spread symbol set shown with the letter “A” is generated by applying the first spread code in the code book, the second spread symbol set shown with the letter “B” is generated by applying the second spread code in the code book, and so on, and the twelfth spread symbol set shown with the letter “L” is generated by applying the twelfth spread code in the code book.
[0118] The spread symbols in these twelve spread symbol sets span the range of the second dimension. The spread symbols multiplexed from the same modulation symbol are adjacent in the first dimension. Different spread symbol sets are distinguished from each other in an alternate pattern along the first dimension.
[0119] In the example, the ith spread symbol set may correspond to first indices divided by 12 with a remainder of i-1. For example, the first spread symbol set may correspond to first indices divided by 12 with a remainder of 0, the second spread symbol set may correspond to first indices divided by 12 with a remainder of 1, the third spread symbol set may correspond to first indices divided by 12 with a remainder of 2, and so on, and the twelfth spread symbol set may correspond to first indices divided by 12 with a remainder of 11.
[0120] In the example embodiments as described with reference to FIG. 7A to FIG. 7D, considering that the first dimension is associated with the frequency domain, OCC can achieve a better orthogonal property in frequency selective channel. As such, a better capacity, Block Error Rate (BLER) and throughput performance can be achieved.
[0121] Spreading in the second dimension
[0122] In some embodiments, the spreading may be performed in the second dimension. In other words, identical modulation symbols may be spread according to second indices in the second dimension by applying with respective spreading codes. If the second dimension is associated with time domain, the identical modulation symbols may be considered as being spread into different OFDM symbols.
[0123] In an example, the terminal device 110 may determine a second number of spreading codes based on the spreading level and the spreading code index, the second number being equal to the spreading level, for example 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12. The terminal device 110 may generate the second number of spread symbol sets by applying the second number of spreading codes to the plurality of modulation symbols in the second dimension. As a result, each spread symbol set may correspond to the plurality of modulation symbols and has a set of second indices in the first dimension. The respective sets of second indices for the second number of spread symbol sets are different. In other words, the resulting spread symbol sets are distinguished from each other in term of their second indices in the second dimension.
[0124] In some embodiments, a sequential pattern in the second dimension may be employed. For example, the second number of spreading codes may be applied sequentially according to second indices of the second dimension. For another example, the respective sets of second indices for the second number of spread symbol sets may have a sequential pattern, and first indices in the first dimension for each spread symbol set may cover the rang of the first dimension. In these embodiments, block-wise spreading in the second dimension may be performed. Spreading according to the sequential pattern in the second dimension may be referred to as sequential spreading in the second dimension.
[0125] Reference is now made to FIG. 8A to FIG. 8D to describe some example sequential patterns in the second dimension in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0126] In the example of FIG. 8A, the first dimension has an index range from 0 to 11, the second dimension has an index range from 0 to 3, and 24 modulation symbols with indices from 0 to 23 are spread. The network device 120 may indicate the terminal device 110 with a spreading level of 2, for example, the parameter occ-Length of 2. Based on the parameter occ-index, a code book including two spreading codes may be determined. The modulation symbols may be applied (for example, multiplexed) with the two spreading codes sequentially in the second dimension.
[0127] As a result, two spread symbol sets may be obtained, or in other words, the modulation symbols are multiplexed as second spread symbol sets in a sequential pattern along the second dimension. As shown in FIG. 8A, the first spread symbol set shown with the letter “A” is generated by applying the first spread code in the code book, and the second spread symbol set shown with the letter “B” is generated by applying the second spread code in the code book.
[0128] The spread symbols in the first spread symbol set and the spread symbols in the second spread symbol set span the range of the first dimension. In the second dimension, the spread symbols in the first spread symbol set and the spread symbols in the second spread symbol set have difference indices. Different spread symbol sets are distinguished from each other in a sequential pattern along the second dimension.
[0129] In the example of FIG. 8B, the first dimension has an index range from 0 to 11, the second dimension has an index range from 0 to 7, and 24 modulation symbols with indices from 0 to 23 are spread. The network device 120 may indicate the terminal device 110 with a spreading level of 4, for example, the parameter occ-Length of 4. Based on the parameter occ-index, a code book including four spreading codes may be determined. The modulation symbols may be applied (for example, multiplexed) with the four spreading codes sequentially in the second dimension.
[0130] As a result, four spread symbol sets may be obtained, or in other words, the modulation symbols are multiplexed as four spread symbol sets in a sequential pattern along the second dimension. As shown in FIG. 8B, the first spread symbol set shown with the letter “A” is generated by applying the first spread code in the code book, the second spread symbol set shown with the letter “B” is generated by applying the second spread code in the code book, the third spread symbol set shown with the letter “C” is generated by applying the third spread code in the code book, and the fourth spread symbol set shown with the letter “D” is generated by applying the fourth spread code in the code book.
[0131] The spread symbols in these four spread symbol sets span the range of the first dimension. In the second dimension, the spread symbols in the different spread symbol sets have difference indices. Different spread symbol sets are distinguished from each other in a sequential pattern along the second dimension.
[0132] In the example of FIG. 8C, the first dimension has an index range from 0 to 11, the second dimension has an index range from 0 to 11, and 24 modulation symbols with indices from 0 to 23 are spread. The network device 120 may indicate the terminal device 110 with a spreading level of 6, for example, the parameter occ-Length of 6. Based on the parameter occ-index, a code book including six spreading codes may be determined. The modulation symbols may be applied (for example, multiplexed) with the six spreading codes sequentially in the second dimension.
[0133] As a result, six spread symbol sets may be obtained, or in other words, the modulation symbols are multiplexed as six spread symbol sets in a sequential pattern along the second dimension. As shown in FIG. 8C, the jth spread symbol set is generated by applying the jth spread code in the code book. For example, the first spread symbol set shown with the letter “A” is generated by applying the first spread code in the code book, the second spread symbol set shown with the letter “B” is generated by applying the second spread code in the code book, the third spread symbol set shown with the letter “C” is generated by applying the third spread code in the code book, the fourth spread symbol set shown with the letter “D” is generated by applying the fourth spread code in the code book, the fifth spread symbol set shown with the letter “E” is generated by applying the fifth spread code in the code book, and the sixth spread symbol set shown with the letter “F” is generated by applying the sixth spread code in the code book.
[0134] The spread symbols in these six spread symbol sets span the range of the first dimension. In the second dimension, the spread symbols in the different spread symbol sets have difference indices. Different spread symbol sets are distinguished from each other in a sequential pattern along the second dimension.
[0135] In the example of FIG. 8D, the first dimension has an index range from 0 to 11, the second dimension has an index range from 0 to 23, and 24 modulation symbols with indices from 0 to 23 are spread. The network device 120 may indicate the terminal device 110 with a spreading level of 12, for example, the parameter occ-Length of 12. Based on the parameter occ-index, a code book including twelve spreading codes may be determined. The modulation symbols may be applied (for example, multiplexed) with the twelve spreading codes sequentially in the second dimension.
[0136] As a result, twelve spread symbol sets may be obtained, or in other words, the modulation symbols are multiplexed as twelve spread symbol sets in a sequential pattern along the second dimension. As shown in FIG. 8D, the jth spread symbol set is generated by applying the jth spread code in the code book. For example, the first spread symbol set shown with the letter “A” is generated by applying the first spread code in the code book, the second spread symbol set shown with the letter “B” is generated by applying the second spread code in the code book, and so on, and the twelfth spread symbol set shown with the letter “L” is generated by applying the twelfth spread code in the code book.
[0137] The spread symbols in these twelve spread symbol sets span the range of the second dimension. In the first dimension, the spread symbols in the different spread symbol sets have difference indices. Different spread symbol sets are distinguished from each other in a sequential pattern along the first dimension.
[0138] In the above embodiments, given that the second dimension may be associated with time domain, PUSCH multi-user multiplexing with OCC can be supported in time domain to against frequency selective channel.
[0139] In some embodiments, an alternate pattern in the second dimension may be employed. For example, the second number of spreading codes may be applied alternately according to second indices of the second dimension. For another example, the respective sets of second indices for the second number of spread symbol sets may have an alternate pattern, and first indices in the first dimension for each spread symbol set may cover the rang of the first dimension. In these embodiments, same modulation symbols are spread with adjacent indices in the second dimension. In other words, the spread symbols multiplexed from the same modulation symbol are adjacent in the second dimension. Spreading according to the alternate pattern in the second dimension may be referred to as alternate spreading in the second dimension.
[0140] In these embodiments, the jth spread symbol set may correspond to second indices divided by the value of the spreading level with a remainder of i-1.
[0141] Reference is now made to FIG. 9A to FIG. 9D to describe some example alternate patterns in the second dimension in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0142] In the example of FIG. 9A, the first dimension has an index range from 0 to 11, the second dimension has an index range from 0 to 3, and 24 modulation symbols with indices from 0 to 23 are spread. The network device 120 may indicate the terminal device 110 with a spreading level of 2, for example, the parameter occ-Length of 2. Based on the parameter occ-index, a code book including two spreading codes may be determined. The modulation symbols may be applied (for example, multiplexed) with the two spreading codes alternately in the second dimension.
[0143] As a result, two spread symbol sets may be obtained, or in other words, the modulation symbols are multiplexed as two spread symbol sets in an alternate pattern along the second dimension. As shown in FIG. 9A, the first spread symbol set shown with the letter “A” is generated by applying the first spread code in the code book, and the second spread symbol set shown with the letter “B” is generated by applying the second spread code in the code book. In the second dimension, even indices correspond to the first spread symbol set, and odd indices correspond to the second spread symbol set.
[0144] The spread symbols in the first spread symbol set and the spread symbols in the second spread symbol set span the range of the first dimension. The spread symbols multiplexed from the same modulation symbol are adjacent in the second dimension. Different spread symbol sets are distinguished from each other in an alternate pattern along the second dimension.
[0145] In the example, the jth spread symbol set may correspond to second indices divided by 2 with a remainder of j-1. For example, the first spread symbol set may correspond to second indices divided by 2 with a remainder of 0, and the second spread symbol set may correspond to second indices divided by 2 with a remainder of 1.
[0146] In the example of FIG. 9B, the first dimension has an index range from 0 to 11, the second dimension has an index range from 0 to 7, and 24 modulation symbols with indices from 0 to 23 are spread. The network device 120 may indicate the terminal device 110 with a spreading level of 4, for example, the parameter occ-Length of 4. Based on the parameter occ-index, a code book including four spreading codes may be determined. The modulation symbols may be applied (for example, multiplexed) with the four spreading codes alternately in the second dimension.
[0147] As a result, four spread symbol sets may be obtained, or in other words, the modulation symbols are multiplexed as four spread symbol sets in an alternate pattern along the second dimension. As shown in FIG. 9B, the first spread symbol set shown with the letter “A” is generated by applying the first spread code in the code book, the second spread symbol set shown with the letter “B” is generated by applying the second spread code in the code book, the third spread symbol set shown with the letter “C” is generated by applying the third spread code in the code book, and the fourth spread symbol set shown with the letter “D” is generated by applying the fourth spread code in the code book.
[0148] The spread symbols in these four spread symbol sets span the range of the second dimension. The spread symbols multiplexed from the same modulation symbol are adjacent in the second dimension. Different spread symbol sets are distinguished from each other in an alternate pattern along the second dimension.
[0149] In the example, the jth spread symbol set may correspond to second indices divided by 4 with a remainder of j-1. For example, the first spread symbol set may correspond to second indices divided by 4 with a remainder of 0, the second spread symbol set may correspond to second indices divided by 4 with a remainder of 1, the third spread symbol set may correspond to second indices divided by 4 with a remainder of 2, and the fourth spread symbol set may correspond to second indices divided by 4 with a remainder of 3.
[0150] In the example of FIG. 9C, the first dimension has an index range from 0 to 11, the second dimension has an index range from 0 to 11, and 24 modulation symbols with indices from 0 to 23 are spread. The network device 120 may indicate the terminal device 110 with a spreading level of 6, for example, the parameter occ-Length of 6. Based on the parameter occ-index, a code book including six spreading codes may be determined. The modulation symbols may be applied (for example, multiplexed) with the six spreading codes alternately in the second dimension.
[0151] As a result, six spread symbol sets may be obtained, or in other words, the modulation symbols are multiplexed as six spread symbol sets in an alternate pattern along the second dimension. As shown in FIG. 9C, the jth spread symbol set is generated by applying the jth spread code in the code book. For example, the first spread symbol set shown with the letter “A” is generated by applying the first spread code in the code book, the second spread symbol set shown with the letter “B” is generated by applying the second spread code in the code book, the third spread symbol set shown with the letter “C” is generated by applying the third spread code in the code book, the fourth spread symbol set shown with the letter “D” is generated by applying the fourth spread code in the code book, the fifth spread symbol set shown with the letter “E” is generated by applying the fifth spread code in the code book, and the sixth spread symbol set shown with the letter “F” is generated by applying the sixth spread code in the code book.
[0152] The spread symbols in these six spread symbol sets span the range of the first dimension. The spread symbols multiplexed from the same modulation symbol are adjacent in the second dimension. Different spread symbol sets are distinguished from each other in an alternate pattern along the second dimension.
[0153] In the example, the jth spread symbol set may correspond to second indices divided by 6 with a remainder of j-1. For example, the first spread symbol set may correspond to second indices divided by 6 with a remainder of 0, the second spread symbol set may correspond to second indices divided by 6 with a remainder of 1, the third spread symbol set may correspond to second indices divided by 6 with a remainder of 2, the fourth spread symbol set may correspond to second indices divided by 6 with a remainder of 3, the fifth spread symbol set may correspond to second indices divided by 6 with a remainder of 4, and the sixth spread symbol set may correspond to second indices divided by 6 with a remainder of 5.
[0154] In the example of FIG. 9D, the first dimension has an index range from 0 to 11, the second dimension has an index range from 0 to 23, and 24 modulation symbols with indices from 0 to 23 are spread. The network device 120 may indicate the terminal device 110 with a spreading level of 12, for example, the parameter occ-Length of 12. Based on the parameter occ-index, a code book including twelve spreading codes may be determined. The modulation symbols may be applied (for example, multiplexed) with the twelve spreading codes alternately in the second dimension.
[0155] As a result, twelve spread symbol sets may be obtained, or in other words, the modulation symbols are multiplexed as twelve spread symbol sets in an alternate pattern along the second dimension. As shown in FIG. 9D, the jth spread symbol set is generated by applying the jth spread code in the code book. For example, the first spread symbol set shown with the letter “A” is generated by applying the first spread code in the code book, the second spread symbol set shown with the letter “B” is generated by applying the second spread code in the code book, and so on, and the twelfth spread symbol set shown with the letter “L” is generated by applying the twelfth spread code in the code book.
[0156] The spread symbols in these twelve spread symbol sets span the range of the second dimension. The spread symbols multiplexed from the same modulation symbol are adjacent in the second dimension. Different spread symbol sets are distinguished from each other in an alternate pattern along the second dimension.
[0157] In the example, the jth spread symbol set may correspond to second indices divided by 12 with a remainder of j-1. For example, the first spread symbol set may correspond to second indices divided by 12 with a remainder of 0, the second spread symbol set may correspond to second indices divided by 12 with a remainder of 1, the third spread symbol set may correspond to second indices divided by 12 with a remainder of 2, and so on, and the twelfth spread symbol set may correspond to second indices divided by 12 with a remainder of 11.
[0158] In the example embodiments as described with reference to FIG. 9A to FIG. 9D, considering that the second dimension is associated with the time domain, OCC can achieve a better orthogonal property in frequency selective channel and slow time-variant channel. As such, a better capacity, BLER and throughput performance can be achieved. Spreading in both the first and second dimensions
[0159] In some embodiments, the spreading may be performed in both the first and second dimensions. In other words, identical modulation symbols may be spread according to first indices in the first dimension and second indices in the second dimension by applying with respective spreading codes. If the first dimension is associated with frequency domain and the second dimension is associated with time domain, the identical modulation symbols may be considered as being spread into different subcarrier and different OFDM symbols.
[0160] In an example, the terminal device 110 may determine a third number of spreading codes based on the spreading level and the spreading code index, the first number being equal to the spreading level, for example 4, 6, or 12. The terminal device 110 may generate the third number of spread symbol sets by applying the third number of spreading codes to the plurality of modulation symbols in both the first and second dimensions. As a result, each spread symbol set may correspond to the plurality of modulation symbols and has a set of first indices in the first dimension and a set of second indices in the second dimension. Each spread symbol set may be different from at least one other symbol set in at least one of the set of first indices or the set of second indices. In other words, the resulting spread symbol sets are distinguished from each other in term of their first indices in the first dimension and / or second indices in the second dimension.
[0161] In these embodiments, the spreading level may be divided into a first spreading level in the first dimension and a second spreading level in the second dimension. A product of the first spreading level and the second spreading level may be equal to the spreading level. In the following, the first spreading level in the first dimension may be represented by N1 and the second spreading level in the second dimension may be represented by N2. For example, the spreading level of 4 may be divided into a first spreading level N1 of 2 and a second spreading level N2 of 2. For another example, the spreading level of 6 may be divided into a first spreading level N1 of 2 and a second spreading level N2 of 3, or a first spreading level N1 of 3 and a second spreading level N2 of 2. For a further example, the spreading level of 12 may be divided into a first spreading level N1 of 3 and a second spreading level N2 of 4, or a first spreading level N1 of 4 and a second spreading level N2 of 3.
[0162] In some embodiments, an alternate pattern in both the first dimension and second dimension may be employed. For example, the third number of spreading codes may be applied alternately according to first indices of the first dimension and second indices of the second dimension. For another example, the respective sets of first indices for the first number of spread symbol sets may have an alternate pattern, and the respective sets of second indices for the third number of spread symbol sets have an alternate pattern. In these embodiments, same modulation symbols are spread with adjacent indices in the first dimension and adjacent indices in the second dimension. In other words, the spread symbols multiplexed from the same modulation symbol may form a block. In the first dimension, the number of adjacent spread symbols multiplexed from the same modulation symbol may equal to the first spreading level. In the second dimension, the number of adjacent spread symbols multiplexed from the same modulation symbol may equal to the second spreading level. Spreading according to the alternate pattern in both the first and second dimensions may be referred to as alternate spreading in both the first and second dimensions.
[0163] In these embodiments, a spread symbol set may be represented by (ith, jth) where i has a value from 0 to N1 and j has a value from 0 to N2. Accordingly, the (ith, jth) spread symbol set may correspond to first indices divided by N1 with a remainder of i-1 and second indices divided by N2 with a remainder of j-1.
[0164] Reference is now made to FIG. 10A to FIG. 10E to describe some example alternate patterns in the first and second dimensions in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0165] In the example of FIG. 10A, the first dimension has an index range from 0 to 11, the second dimension has an index range from 0 to 7, and 24 modulation symbols with indices from 0 to 23 are spread. The network device 120 may indicate the terminal device 110 with a spreading level of 4, for example, the parameter occ-Length of 4. Based on the parameter occ-index, a code book including four spreading codes may be determined. The modulation symbols may be applied (for example, multiplexed) with the four spreading codes alternately in the first dimension and second dimension.
[0166] As a result, four spread symbol sets may be obtained, or in other words, the modulation symbols are multiplexed as four spread symbol sets in an alternate pattern along both the first dimension and the second dimension. As shown in FIG. 10A, the (first, first) spread symbol set shown with the letter “A” is generated by applying the first spread code in the code book, the (second, first) spread symbol set shown with the letter “B” is generated by applying the second spread code in the code book, the (first, second) spread symbol set shown with the letter “C” is generated by applying the third spread code in the code book, and the (second, second) spread symbol set shown with the letter “D” is generated by applying the fourth spread code in the code book.
[0167] The spread symbols multiplexed from the same modulation symbol may form a block with a dimension of N1*N2. Different spread symbol sets are distinguished from each other in an alternate pattern along the first dimension and the second dimension.
[0168] In the example, the first spreading level N1 has a value of 2 and the second spreading level N2 has a value of 2. The (ith, jth) spread symbol set may correspond to first indices divided by 2 with a remainder of i-1 and second indices divided by 2 with a remainder of j-1. For example, the (first, first) spread symbol set shown with the letter “A” may correspond to first indices divided by 2 with a remainder of 0 and second indices divided by 2 with a remainder of 0; the (second, first) spread symbol set shown with the letter “B” may correspond to first indices divided by 2 with a remainder of 1 and second indices divided by 2 with a remainder of 0; the (first, second) spread symbol set shown with the letter “C” may correspond to first indices divided by 2 with a remainder of 0 and second indices divided by 2 with a remainder of 1; and the (second, second) spread symbol set shown with the letter “D” may correspond to first indices divided by 2 with a remainder of 1 and second indices divided by 2 with a remainder of 1.
[0169] In the example of FIG. 10B, the first dimension has an index range from 0 to 11, the second dimension has an index range from 0 to 11, and 24 modulation symbols with indices from 0 to 23 are spread. The network device 120 may indicate the terminal device 110 with a spreading level of 6, for example, the parameter occ-Length of 6. Based on the parameter occ-index, a code book including six spreading codes may be determined. The modulation symbols may be applied (for example, multiplexed) with the six spreading codes alternately in the first dimension and second dimension.
[0170] As a result, six spread symbol sets may be obtained, or in other words, the modulation symbols are multiplexed as six spread symbol sets in an alternate pattern along both the first dimension and the second dimension. As shown in FIG. 10B, the (first, first) spread symbol set shown with the letter “A” is generated by applying the first spread code in the code book, the (second, first) spread symbol set shown with the letter “B” is generated by applying the second spread code in the code book, the (third, first) spread symbol set shown with the letter “C” is generated by applying the third spread code in the code book, the (first, second) spread symbol set shown with the letter “D” is generated by applying the fourth spread code in the code book, the (second, second) spread symbol set shown with the letter “E” is generated by applying the fifth spread code in the code book, and the (third, second) spread symbol set shown with the letter “F” is generated by applying the sixth spread code in the code book.
[0171] The spread symbols multiplexed from the same modulation symbol may form a block with a dimension of N1*N2, which is 3*2 in this example. Different spread symbol sets are distinguished from each other in an alternate pattern along the first dimension and the second dimension.
[0172] In the example, the first spreading level N1 has a value of 3 and the second spreading level N2 has a value of 2. The (ith, jth) spread symbol set may correspond to first indices divided by 3 with a remainder of i-1 and second indices divided by 2 with a remainder of j-1. For example, the (first, first) spread symbol set shown with the letter “A” may correspond to first indices divided by 3 with a remainder of 0 and second indices divided by 2 with a remainder of 0; the (second, first) spread symbol set shown with the letter “B” may correspond to first indices divided by 3 with a remainder of 1 and second indices divided by 2 with a remainder of 0; and so on; and the (third, second) spread symbol set shown with the letter “F” may correspond to first indices divided by 3 with a remainder of 2 and second indices divided by 2 with a remainder of 1.
[0173] In the example of FIG. 10C, the first dimension has an index range from 0 to 11, the second dimension has an index range from 0 to 11, and 24 modulation symbols with indices from 0 to 23 are spread. The network device 120 may indicate the terminal device 110 with a spreading level of 6, for example, the parameter occ-Length of 6. Based on the parameter occ-index, a code book including six spreading codes may be determined. The modulation symbols may be applied (for example, multiplexed) with the six spreading codes alternately in the first dimension and second dimension.
[0174] As a result, six spread symbol sets may be obtained, or in other words, the modulation symbols are multiplexed as six spread symbol sets in an alternate pattern along both the first dimension and the second dimension. As shown in FIG. 10B, the (first, first) spread symbol set shown with the letter “A” is generated by applying the first spread code in the code book, the (second, first) spread symbol set shown with the letter “B” is generated by applying the second spread code in the code book, the (first, second) spread symbol set shown with the letter “C” is generated by applying the third spread code in the code book, the (second, second) spread symbol set shown with the letter “D” is generated by applying the fourth spread code in the code book, the (first, third) spread symbol set shown with the letter “E” is generated by applying the fifth spread code in the code book, and the (second, third) spread symbol set shown with the letter “F” is generated by applying the sixth spread code in the code book.
[0175] The spread symbols multiplexed from the same modulation symbol may form a block with a dimension of N1*N2, which is 2*3 in this example. Different spread symbol sets are distinguished from each other in an alternate pattern along the first dimension and the second dimension.
[0176] In the example, the first spreading level N1 has a value of 2 and the second spreading level N2 has a value of 3. The (ith, jth) spread symbol set may correspond to first indices divided by 2 with a remainder of i-1 and second indices divided by 3 with a remainder of j-1. For example, the (first, first) spread symbol set shown with the letter “A” may correspond to first indices divided by 2 with a remainder of 0 and second indices divided by 3 with a remainder of 0; the (second, first) spread symbol set shown with the letter “B” may correspond to first indices divided by 2 with a remainder of 1 and second indices divided by 3 with a remainder of 0; and so on; and the (second, third) spread symbol set shown with the letter “F” may correspond to first indices divided by 2 with a remainder of 1 and second indices divided by 3 with a remainder of 2.
[0177] In the example of FIG. 10D, the first dimension has an index range from 0 to 11, the second dimension has an index range from 0 to 23, and 24 modulation symbols with indices from 0 to 23 are spread. The network device 120 may indicate the terminal device 110 with a spreading level of 12, for example, the parameter occ-Length of 12. Based on the parameter occ-index, a code book including twelve spreading codes may be determined. The modulation symbols may be applied (for example, multiplexed) with the twelve spreading codes alternately in the first dimension and second dimension.
[0178] As a result, twelve spread symbol sets may be obtained, or in other words, the modulation symbols are multiplexed as twelve spread symbol sets in an alternate pattern along both the first dimension and the second dimension. As shown in FIG. 10D, the (first, first) spread symbol set shown with the letter “A” is generated by applying the first spread code in the code book, the (second, first) spread symbol set shown with the letter “B” is generated by applying the second spread code in the code book, and so on, and the (fourth, third) spread symbol set shown with the letter “L” is generated by applying the twelfth spread code in the code book.
[0179] The spread symbols multiplexed from the same modulation symbol may form a block with a dimension of N1*N2, which is 4*3 in this example. Different spread symbol sets are distinguished from each other in an alternate pattern along the first dimension and the second dimension.
[0180] In the example, the first spreading level N1 has a value of 4 and the second spreading level N2 has a value of 3. The (ith, jth) spread symbol set may correspond to first indices divided by 4 with a remainder of i-1 and second indices divided by 3 with a remainder of j-1. For example, the (first, first) spread symbol set shown with the letter “A” may correspond to first indices divided by 4 with a remainder of 0 and second indices divided by 3 with a remainder of 0; the (second, first) spread symbol set shown with the letter “B” may correspond to first indices divided by 4 with a remainder of 1 and second indices divided by 3 with a remainder of 0; and so on; and the (fourth, third) spread symbol set shown with the letter “L” may correspond to first indices divided by 4 with a remainder of 3 and second indices divided by 3 with a remainder of 2.
[0181] In the example of FIG. 10E, the first dimension has an index range from 0 to 11, the second dimension has an index range from 0 to 23, and 24 modulation symbols with indices from 0 to 23 are spread. The network device 120 may indicate the terminal device 110 with a spreading level of 12, for example, the parameter occ-Length of 12. Based on the parameter occ-index, a code book including twelve spreading codes may be determined. The modulation symbols may be applied (for example, multiplexed) with the twelve spreading codes alternately in the first dimension and second dimension.
[0182] As a result, twelve spread symbol sets may be obtained, or in other words, the modulation symbols are multiplexed as twelve spread symbol sets in an alternate pattern along both the first dimension and the second dimension. As shown in FIG. 10D, the (first, first) spread symbol set shown with the letter “A” is generated by applying the first spread code in the code book, the (second, first) spread symbol set shown with the letter “B” is generated by applying the second spread code in the code book, and so on, and the (third, fourth) spread symbol set shown with the letter “L” is generated by applying the twelfth spread code in the code book.
[0183] The spread symbols multiplexed from the same modulation symbol may form a block with a dimension of N1*N2, which is 3*4 in this example. Different spread symbol sets are distinguished from each other in an alternate pattern along the first dimension and the second dimension.
[0184] In the example, the first spreading level N1 has a value of 3 and the second spreading level N2 has a value of 4. The (ith, jth) spread symbol set may correspond to first indices divided by 3 with a remainder of i-1 and second indices divided by 4 with a remainder of j-1. For example, the (first, first) spread symbol set shown with the letter “A” may correspond to first indices divided by 3 with a remainder of 0 and second indices divided by 4 with a remainder of 0; the (second, first) spread symbol set shown with the letter “B” may correspond to first indices divided by 3 with a remainder of 1 and second indices divided by 4 with a remainder of 0; and so on; and the (third, fourth) spread symbol set shown with the letter “L” may correspond to first indices divided by 3 with a remainder of 2 and second indices divided by 4 with a remainder of 3.
[0185] In the example embodiments as described with reference to FIG. 10A to FIG. 10E, considering that the first dimension is associated with the frequency domain and the second dimension is associated with the time domain, OCC can achieve a better orthogonal property in frequency selective channel and time-variant channel. As such, a better capacity, BLER and throughput performance can be achieved.
[0186] In some embodiments, a sequential pattern in both the first dimension and second dimension may be employed. For example, the third number of spreading codes may be applied sequentially according to first indices of the first dimension and second indices of the second dimension. For another example, the respective sets of first indices for the first number of spread symbol sets may have a sequential pattern, and the respective sets of second indices for the third number of spread symbol sets have a sequential pattern.
[0187] In these embodiments, a spread symbol set may be represented by (ith, jth) where i has a value from 0 to N1 and j has a value from 0 to N2. Spread symbols applied with the same spread code are adjacent and form a block, resulting in N1 blocks in the first dimension and N2 blocks in the second dimension. In these embodiments, block-wise spreading in both the first and second dimensions are performed.
[0188] Reference is now made to FIG. 11A to FIG. 11B to describe some example sequential patterns in the first and second dimensions in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0189] In the example of FIG. 11A, the first dimension has an index range from 0 to 11, the second dimension has an index range from 0 to 7, and 24 modulation symbols with indices from 0 to 23 are spread. The network device 120 may indicate the terminal device 110 with a spreading level of 4, for example, the parameter occ-Length of 4. Based on the parameter occ-index, a code book including four spreading codes may be determined. The modulation symbols may be applied (for example, multiplexed) with the four spreading codes sequentially in the first dimension and second dimension.
[0190] As a result, four spread symbol sets may be obtained, or in other words, the modulation symbols are multiplexed as four spread symbol sets in a sequential pattern along both the first dimension and the second dimension. As shown in FIG. 11A, the (first, first) spread symbol set shown with the letter “A” is generated by applying the first spread code in the code book, the (second, first) spread symbol set shown with the letter “B” is generated by applying the second spread code in the code book, the (first, second) spread symbol set shown with the letter “C” is generated by applying the third spread code in the code book, and the (second, second) spread symbol set shown with the letter “D” is generated by applying the fourth spread code in the code book.
[0191] In the example of FIG. 11B, the first dimension has an index range from 0 to 11, the second dimension has an index range from 0 to 11, and 24 modulation symbols with indices from 0 to 23 are spread. The network device 120 may indicate the terminal device 110 with a spreading level of 6, for example, the parameter occ-Length of 6. Based on the parameter occ-index, a code book including six spreading codes may be determined. The modulation symbols may be applied (for example, multiplexed) with the six spreading codes sequentially in the first dimension and second dimension.
[0192] As a result, six spread symbol sets may be obtained, or in other words, the modulation symbols are multiplexed as six spread symbol sets in a sequential pattern along both the first dimension and the second dimension. As shown in FIG. 11B, the (first, first) spread symbol set shown with the letter “A” is generated by applying the first spread code in the code book, the (second, first) spread symbol set shown with the letter “B” is generated by applying the second spread code in the code book, the (first, second) spread symbol set shown with the letter “C” is generated by applying the third spread code in the code book, the (second, second) spread symbol set shown with the letter “D” is generated by applying the fourth spread code in the code book, the (first, third) spread symbol set shown with the letter “E” is generated by applying the fifth spread code in the code book, and the (second, third) spread symbol set shown with the letter “F” is generated by applying the sixth spread code in the code book.
[0193] Some example spreading patterns are described above. However, it is to be noted that the number of modulation symbols, the range of the first dimension, the range of the second dimension, the spreading level are given as examples without any limitation.
[0194] Example methods and implementations
[0195] FIG. 12 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 1200 implemented at a terminal device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 1200 will be described from the perspective of the terminal device 110 in FIG. 1.
[0196] At block 1210, the terminal device 110 receives, from a network device, a configuration comprising a spreading level and spreading code index for a PUSCH or a PUCCH without dedicated resources.
[0197] At block 1220, the terminal device 110 spreads, based on the spreading level and the spreading code index, a plurality of modulation symbols in at least one of a first dimension or a second dimension. The first dimension has a range associated with a frequency band allocated for the PUSCH or the PUCCH without dedicated resources and the second dimension has a range at least associated with the spreading level.
[0198] At block 1230, the terminal device 110 transmits, to the network device, data of the PUSCH or the PUCCH without dedicated resources based on the spread plurality of modulation symbols.
[0199] In some example embodiments, the terminal device 110 may determine a first number of spreading codes based on the spreading level and the spreading code index, the first number being equal to the spreading level; and generate the first number of spread symbol sets by applying the first number of spreading codes to the plurality of modulation symbols in the first dimension, wherein each spread symbol set corresponds to the plurality of modulation symbols and has a set of first indices in the first dimension, and respective sets of first indices for the first number of spread symbol sets are different.
[0200] In some example embodiments, the first number of spreading codes are applied sequentially according to first indices of the first dimension.
[0201] In some example embodiments, the respective sets of first indices for the first number of spread symbol sets have a sequential pattern, and second indices in the second dimension for each spread symbol set cover the rang of the second dimension.
[0202] In some example embodiments, the first number of spreading codes are applied alternately according to first indices of the first dimension.
[0203] In some example embodiments, the respective sets of first indices for the first number of spread symbol sets have an alternate pattern, and second indices in the second dimension for each spread symbol set cover the rang of the second dimension.
[0204] In some example embodiments, the terminal device 110 may determine a second number of spreading codes based on the spreading level and the spreading code index, the second number being equal to the spreading level; and generate the second number of spread symbol sets by applying the second number of spreading codes to the plurality of modulation symbols in the second dimension, wherein each spread symbol set corresponds to the plurality of modulation symbols and has a set of second indices in the second dimension, and the respective sets of second indices for the second number of spread symbol sets are different.
[0205] In some example embodiments, the second number of spreading codes are applied sequentially according to second indices of the second dimension.
[0206] In some example embodiments, the respective sets of second indices for the second number of spread symbol sets have a sequential pattern, and first indices in the first dimension for each spread symbol set cover the rang of the first dimension.
[0207] In some example embodiments, the second number of spreading codes are applied alternately according to second indices of the second dimension.
[0208] In some example embodiments, the respective sets of second indices for the second number of spread symbol sets have an alternate pattern, and first indices in the first dimension for each spread symbol set cover the rang of the first dimension.
[0209] In some example embodiments, the terminal device 110 may determine a third number of spreading codes based on the spreading level and the spreading code index, the first number being equal to the spreading level; and generate the third number of spread symbol sets by applying the third number of spreading codes to the plurality of modulation symbols in both the first and second dimensions, wherein each spread symbol set corresponds to the plurality of modulation symbols and has a set of first indices in the first dimension and a set of second indices in the second dimension, and each spread symbol set is different from at least one other symbol set in at least one of the set of first indices or the set of second indices.
[0210] In some example embodiments, the third number of spreading codes are applied sequentially according to first indices of the first dimension and second indices of the second dimension.
[0211] In some example embodiments, the respective sets of first indices for the third number of spread symbol sets have a sequential pattern, and the respective sets of second indices for the third number of spread symbol sets have a sequential pattern.
[0212] In some example embodiments, the third number of spreading codes are applied alternately according to first indices of the first dimension and second indices of the second dimension.
[0213] In some example embodiments, the respective sets of first indices for the third number of spread symbol sets have an alternate pattern, and the respective sets of second indices for the third number of spread symbol sets have an alternate pattern.
[0214] In some example embodiments, the first dimension has a range associated with a fourth number of subcarriers allocated for the PUSCH or the PUCCH without dedicated resources and the second dimension has a range associated with the spreading level, the fourth number and a fifth number of the plurality of modulation symbols.
[0215] FIG. 13 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 1300 implemented at a network device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 1300 will be described from the perspective of the network device 120 in FIG. 1.
[0216] At block 1310, the network device 120 transmits, to a terminal device, a configuration comprising a spreading level and spreading code index for a PUSCH or PUCCH without dedicated resources.
[0217] At block 1320, the network device 120 receives, from the terminal device, data of the PUSCH or the PUCCH without dedicated resources.
[0218] At block 1330, the network device 120 processes the data to obtain a plurality of modulation symbols, wherein the plurality of modulation symbols is spread in at least one of a first dimension or a second dimension. The first dimension has a range associated with a span of a frequency band allocated for the PUSCH or the PUCCH without dedicated resources and the second dimension has a range at least associated with the spreading level.
[0219] In some example embodiments, the network device 120 may determine a first number of spreading codes based on the spreading level and the spreading code index, the first number being equal to the spreading level; process the data to obtain the first number of spread symbol sets; and determine the plurality of modulation symbols by applying the first number of spreading codes to the first number of spread symbol sets in the first dimension, wherein each spread symbol set corresponds to the plurality of modulation symbols and has a set of first indices in the first dimension, and respective sets of first indices for the first number of spread symbol sets are different.
[0220] In some example embodiments, the first number of spreading codes are applied sequentially according to first indices of the first dimension.
[0221] In some example embodiments, the respective sets of first indices for the first number of spread symbol sets have a sequential pattern, and second indices in the second dimension for each spread symbol set cover the rang of the second dimension.
[0222] In some example embodiments, the first number of spreading codes are applied alternately according to first indices of the first dimension.
[0223] In some example embodiments, the respective sets of first indices for the first number of spread symbol sets have an alternate pattern, and second indices in the second dimension for each spread symbol set cover the rang of the second dimension.
[0224] In some example embodiments, the network device120 may determine a second number of spreading codes based on the spreading level and the spreading code index, the second number being equal to the spreading level; process the data to obtain the second number of spread symbol sets; and determine the plurality of modulation symbols by applying the second number of spreading codes to the second number of spread symbol sets in the second dimension, wherein each spread symbol set corresponds to the plurality of modulation symbols and has a set of second indices in the second dimension, and the respective sets of second indices for the second number of spread symbol sets are different.
[0225] In some example embodiments, the second number of spreading codes are applied sequentially according to second indices of the second dimension.
[0226] In some example embodiments, the respective sets of second indices for the second number of spread symbol sets have a sequential pattern, and first indices in the first dimension for each spread symbol set cover the rang of the first dimension.
[0227] In some example embodiments, the second number of spreading codes are applied alternately according to second indices of the second dimension.
[0228] In some example embodiments, the respective sets of second indices for the second number of spread symbol sets have an alternate pattern, and first indices in the first dimension for each spread symbol set cover the rang of the first dimension.
[0229] In some example embodiments, the network device 120 may determine a third number of spreading codes based on the spreading level and the spreading code index, the first number being equal to the spreading level; process the data to obtain the third number of spread symbol sets; and determine the plurality of modulation symbols by applying the third number of spreading codes to the third number of spread symbol sets in both the first and second dimensions, wherein each spread symbol set corresponds to the plurality of modulation symbols and has a set of first indices in the first dimension and a set of second indices in the second dimension, and each spread symbol set is different from at least one other symbol set in at least one of the set of first indices or the set of second indices.
[0230] In some example embodiments, the third number of spreading codes are applied sequentially according to first indices of the first dimension and second indices of the second dimension.
[0231] In some example embodiments, the respective sets of first indices for the third number of spread symbol sets have a sequential pattern, and the respective sets of second indices for the third number of spread symbol sets have a sequential pattern.
[0232] In some example embodiments, the third number of spreading codes are applied alternately according to first indices of the first dimension and second indices of the second dimension.
[0233] In some example embodiments, the respective sets of first indices for the third number of spread symbol sets have an alternate pattern, and the respective sets of second indices for the third number of spread symbol sets have an alternate pattern.
[0234] In some example embodiments, the first dimension has a range associated with a fourth number of subcarriers allocated for the PUSCH or the PUCCH without dedicated resources and the second dimension has a range associated with the spreading level, the fourth number and a fifth number of the plurality of modulation symbols.
[0235] FIG. 14 is a simplified block diagram of a device 1400 that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 1400 can be considered as a further example implementation of any of the devices as shown in FIG. 1. Accordingly, the device 1400 can be implemented at or as at least a part of the terminal device 110 or the network device 120.
[0236] As shown, the device 1400 includes a processor 1410, a memory 1420 coupled to the processor 1410, a suitable transceiver 1440 coupled to the processor 1410, and a communication interface coupled to the transceiver 1440. The memory 1420 stores at least a part of a program 1430. The transceiver 1440 may be for bidirectional communications or a unidirectional communication based on requirements. The transceiver 1440 may include at least one of a transmitter 1442 and a receiver 1444. The transmitter 1442 and the receiver 1444 may be functional modules or physical entities. The transceiver 1440 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication, though in practice an Access Node mentioned in this application may have several ones. The communication interface may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements, such as X2 / Xn interface for bidirectional communications between eNBs / gNBs, S1 / NG interface for communication between a Mobility Management Entity (MME) / Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) / SGW / UPF and the eNB / gNB, Un interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a relay node (RN) , or Uu interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a terminal device.
[0237] The program 1430 is assumed to include program instructions that, when executed by the associated processor 1410, enable the device 1400 to operate in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, as discussed herein with reference to FIGS. 1 to 14. The embodiments herein may be implemented by computer software executable by the processor 1410 of the device 1400, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware. The processor 1410 may be configured to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure. Furthermore, a combination of the processor 1410 and memory 1420 may form processing means 1450 adapted to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0238] The memory 1420 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, semiconductor based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory and removable memory, as non-limiting examples. While only one memory 1420 is shown in the device 1400, there may be several physically distinct memory modules in the device 1400. The processor 1410 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network, and may include one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The device 1400 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
[0239] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a terminal device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: receive, from a network device, a configuration comprising a spreading level and spreading code index for a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) or a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) without dedicated resources; spread, based on the spreading level and the spreading code index, a plurality of modulation symbols in at least one of a first dimension or a second dimension, wherein the first dimension has a range associated with a frequency band allocated for the PUSCH or the PUCCH without dedicated resources and the second dimension has a range at least associated with the spreading level; and transmit, to the network device, data of the PUSCH or the PUCCH without dedicated resources based on the spread plurality of modulation symbols. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the terminal device as discussed above.
[0240] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a network device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: transmit, to a terminal device, a configuration comprising a spreading level and spreading code index for a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) or Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) without dedicated resources; receive, from the terminal device, data of the PUSCH or the PUCCH without dedicated resources; and process the data to obtain a plurality of modulation symbols, wherein the plurality of modulation symbols is spread in at least one of a first dimension or a second dimension, wherein the first dimension has a range associated with a span of a frequency band allocated for the PUSCH or the PUCCH without dedicated resources and the second dimension has a range at least associated with the spreading level. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the network device as discussed above.
[0241] The term “circuitry” used herein may refer to hardware circuits and / or combinations of hardware circuits and software. For example, the circuitry may be a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuits with software / firmware. As a further example, the circuitry may be any portions of hardware processors with software including digital signal processor (s) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a terminal device or a network device, to perform various functions. In a still further example, the circuitry may be hardware circuits and or processors, such as a microprocessor or a portion of a microprocessor, that requires software / firmware for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation. As used herein, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (s) or a portion of a hardware circuit or processor (s) and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware.
[0242] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a terminal apparatus is provided. The terminal apparatus comprises means for receiving, from a network device, a configuration comprising a spreading level and spreading code index for a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) or a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) without dedicated resources; means for spreading, based on the spreading level and the spreading code index, a plurality of modulation symbols in at least one of a first dimension or a second dimension, wherein the first dimension has a range associated with a frequency band allocated for the PUSCH or the PUCCH without dedicated resources and the second dimension has a range at least associated with the spreading level; and means for transmitting, to the network device, data of the PUSCH or the PUCCH without dedicated resources based on the spread plurality of modulation symbols. In some embodiments, the first apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 1200. In some example embodiments, the first apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 1200. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0243] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a network apparatus is provided. The network apparatus comprises means for transmitting, to a terminal device, a configuration comprising a spreading level and spreading code index for a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) or Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) without dedicated resources; means for receiving, from the terminal device, data of the PUSCH or the PUCCH without dedicated resources; and means for processing the data to obtain a plurality of modulation symbols, wherein the plurality of modulation symbols is spread in at least one of a first dimension or a second dimension, wherein the first dimension has a range associated with a span of a frequency band allocated for the PUSCH or the PUCCH without dedicated resources and the second dimension has a range at least associated with the spreading level. In some embodiments, the second apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 1300. In some example embodiments, the second apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 1300. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0244] In summary, embodiments of the present disclosure provide the following aspects.
[0245] In an aspect, it is proposed a terminal device comprising: a processor configured to cause the terminal device to: receive, from a network device, a configuration comprising a spreading level and spreading code index for a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) or a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) without dedicated resources; spread, based on the spreading level and the spreading code index, a plurality of modulation symbols in at least one of a first dimension or a second dimension, wherein the first dimension has a range associated with a frequency band allocated for the PUSCH or the PUCCH without dedicated resources and the second dimension has a range at least associated with the spreading level; and transmit, to the network device, data of the PUSCH or the PUCCH without dedicated resources based on the spread plurality of modulation symbols.
[0246] In some embodiments, the terminal device is caused to: determine a first number of spreading codes based on the spreading level and the spreading code index, the first number being equal to the spreading level; and generate the first number of spread symbol sets by applying the first number of spreading codes to the plurality of modulation symbols in the first dimension, wherein each spread symbol set corresponds to the plurality of modulation symbols and has a set of first indices in the first dimension, and respective sets of first indices for the first number of spread symbol sets are different.
[0247] In some embodiments, the first number of spreading codes are applied sequentially according to first indices of the first dimension.
[0248] In some embodiments, the respective sets of first indices for the first number of spread symbol sets have a sequential pattern, and second indices in the second dimension for each spread symbol set cover the rang of the second dimension.
[0249] In some embodiments, the first number of spreading codes are applied alternately according to first indices of the first dimension.
[0250] In some embodiments, the respective sets of first indices for the first number of spread symbol sets have an alternate pattern, and second indices in the second dimension for each spread symbol set cover the rang of the second dimension.
[0251] In some embodiments, the terminal device is caused to: determine a second number of spreading codes based on the spreading level and the spreading code index, the second number being equal to the spreading level; and generate the second number of spread symbol sets by applying the second number of spreading codes to the plurality of modulation symbols in the second dimension, wherein each spread symbol set corresponds to the plurality of modulation symbols and has a set of second indices in the second dimension, and the respective sets of second indices for the second number of spread symbol sets are different.
[0252] In some embodiments, the second number of spreading codes are applied sequentially according to second indices of the second dimension.
[0253] In some embodiments, the respective sets of second indices for the second number of spread symbol sets have a sequential pattern, and first indices in the first dimension for each spread symbol set cover the rang of the first dimension.
[0254] In some embodiments, the second number of spreading codes are applied alternately according to second indices of the second dimension.
[0255] In some embodiments, the respective sets of second indices for the second number of spread symbol sets have an alternate pattern, and first indices in the first dimension for each spread symbol set cover the rang of the first dimension.
[0256] In some embodiments, the terminal device is caused to: determine a third number of spreading codes based on the spreading level and the spreading code index, the first number being equal to the spreading level; and generate the third number of spread symbol sets by applying the third number of spreading codes to the plurality of modulation symbols in both the first and second dimensions, wherein each spread symbol set corresponds to the plurality of modulation symbols and has a set of first indices in the first dimension and a set of second indices in the second dimension, and each spread symbol set is different from at least one other symbol set in at least one of the set of first indices or the set of second indices.
[0257] In some embodiments, the third number of spreading codes are applied sequentially according to first indices of the first dimension and second indices of the second dimension.
[0258] In some embodiments, the respective sets of first indices for the third number of spread symbol sets have a sequential pattern, and the respective sets of second indices for the third number of spread symbol sets have a sequential pattern.
[0259] In some embodiments, the third number of spreading codes are applied alternately according to first indices of the first dimension and second indices of the second dimension.
[0260] In some embodiments, the respective sets of first indices for the third number of spread symbol sets have an alternate pattern, and the respective sets of second indices for the third number of spread symbol sets have an alternate pattern.
[0261] In some embodiments, the first dimension has a range associated with a fourth number of subcarriers allocated for the PUSCH or the PUCCH without dedicated resources and the second dimension has a range associated with the spreading level, the fourth number and a fifth number of the plurality of modulation symbols.
[0262] In an aspect, it is proposed a network device comprising: a processor configured to cause the network device to: transmit, to a terminal device, a configuration comprising a spreading level and spreading code index for a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) or Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) without dedicated resources; receive, from the terminal device, data of the PUSCH or the PUCCH without dedicated resources; and process the data to obtain a plurality of modulation symbols, wherein the plurality of modulation symbols is spread in at least one of a first dimension or a second dimension, wherein the first dimension has a range associated with a span of a frequency band allocated for the PUSCH or the PUCCH without dedicated resources and the second dimension has a range at least associated with the spreading level.
[0263] In some embodiments, the network device is caused to: determine a first number of spreading codes based on the spreading level and the spreading code index, the first number being equal to the spreading level; process the data to obtain the first number of spread symbol sets; and determine the plurality of modulation symbols by applying the first number of spreading codes to the first number of spread symbol sets in the first dimension, wherein each spread symbol set corresponds to the plurality of modulation symbols and has a set of first indices in the first dimension, and respective sets of first indices for the first number of spread symbol sets are different.
[0264] In some embodiments, the first number of spreading codes are applied sequentially according to first indices of the first dimension.
[0265] In some embodiments, the respective sets of first indices for the first number of spread symbol sets have a sequential pattern, and second indices in the second dimension for each spread symbol set cover the rang of the second dimension.
[0266] In some embodiments, the first number of spreading codes are applied alternately according to first indices of the first dimension.
[0267] In some embodiments, the respective sets of first indices for the first number of spread symbol sets have an alternate pattern, and second indices in the second dimension for each spread symbol set cover the rang of the second dimension.
[0268] In some embodiments, the network device is caused to: determine a second number of spreading codes based on the spreading level and the spreading code index, the second number being equal to the spreading level; process the data to obtain the second number of spread symbol sets; and determine the plurality of modulation symbols by applying the second number of spreading codes to the second number of spread symbol sets in the second dimension, wherein each spread symbol set corresponds to the plurality of modulation symbols and has a set of second indices in the second dimension, and the respective sets of second indices for the second number of spread symbol sets are different.
[0269] In some embodiments, the second number of spreading codes are applied sequentially according to second indices of the second dimension.
[0270] In some embodiments, the respective sets of second indices for the second number of spread symbol sets have a sequential pattern, and first indices in the first dimension for each spread symbol set cover the rang of the first dimension.
[0271] In some embodiments, the second number of spreading codes are applied alternately according to second indices of the second dimension.
[0272] In some embodiments, the respective sets of second indices for the second number of spread symbol sets have an alternate pattern, and first indices in the first dimension for each spread symbol set cover the rang of the first dimension.
[0273] In some embodiments, the network device is caused to: determine a third number of spreading codes based on the spreading level and the spreading code index, the first number being equal to the spreading level; process the data to obtain the third number of spread symbol sets; and determine the plurality of modulation symbols by applying the third number of spreading codes to the third number of spread symbol sets in both the first and second dimensions, wherein each spread symbol set corresponds to the plurality of modulation symbols and has a set of first indices in the first dimension and a set of second indices in the second dimension, and each spread symbol set is different from at least one other symbol set in at least one of the set of first indices or the set of second indices.
[0274] In some embodiments, the third number of spreading codes are applied sequentially according to first indices of the first dimension and second indices of the second dimension.
[0275] In some embodiments, the respective sets of first indices for the third number of spread symbol sets have a sequential pattern, and the respective sets of second indices for the third number of spread symbol sets have a sequential pattern.
[0276] In some embodiments, the third number of spreading codes are applied alternately according to first indices of the first dimension and second indices of the second dimension.
[0277] In some embodiments, the respective sets of first indices for the third number of spread symbol sets have an alternate pattern, and the respective sets of second indices for the third number of spread symbol sets have an alternate pattern.
[0278] In some embodiments, the first dimension has a range associated with a fourth number of subcarriers allocated for the PUSCH or the PUCCH without dedicated resources and the second dimension has a range associated with the spreading level, the fourth number and a fifth number of the plurality of modulation symbols.
[0279] In an aspect, a terminal device comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the terminal device discussed above.
[0280] In an aspect, a network device comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the network device discussed above.
[0281] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the terminal device discussed above.
[0282] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the network device discussed above.
[0283] In an aspect, a computer program comprising instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the terminal device discussed above.
[0284] In an aspect, a computer program comprising instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the network device discussed above.
[0285] Generally, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. While various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representation, it will be appreciated that the blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques or methods described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0286] The present disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target real or virtual processor, to carry out the process or method as described above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 14. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
[0287] Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program codes, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
[0288] The above program code may be embodied on a machine readable medium, which may be any tangible medium that may contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The machine readable medium may be a machine readable signal medium or a machine readable storage medium. A machine readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the machine readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
[0289] Further, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, while several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0290] Although the present disclosure has been described in language specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Claims
1.A terminal device comprising:a processor configured to cause the terminal device to:receive, from a network device, a configuration comprising a spreading level and spreading code index for a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) ;spread, based on the spreading level and the spreading code index, a plurality of modulation symbols in at least one of a first dimension or a second dimension, wherein the first dimension has a range associated with a frequency band allocated for the PUSCH and the second dimension has a range at least associated with the spreading level; andtransmit, to the network device, data of the PUSCH based on the spread plurality of modulation symbols.2.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the terminal device is caused to:determine a first number of spreading codes based on the spreading level and the spreading code index, the first number being equal to the spreading level; andgenerate the first number of spread symbol sets by applying the first number of spreading codes to the plurality of modulation symbols in the first dimension,wherein each spread symbol set corresponds to the plurality of modulation symbols and has a set of first indices in the first dimension, and respective sets of first indices for the first number of spread symbol sets are different.3.The terminal device of claim 2, wherein the first number of spreading codes are applied sequentially according to first indices of the first dimension.4.The terminal device of claim 2 or 3, wherein the respective sets of first indices for the first number of spread symbol sets have a sequential pattern, andsecond indices in the second dimension for each spread symbol set cover the rang of the second dimension.5.The terminal device of claim 2, wherein the first number of spreading codes are applied alternately according to first indices of the first dimension.6.The terminal device of claim 2 or 5, wherein the respective sets of first indices for the first number of spread symbol sets have an alternate pattern, andsecond indices in the second dimension for each spread symbol set cover the rang of the second dimension.7.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the terminal device is caused to:determine a second number of spreading codes based on the spreading level and the spreading code index, the second number being equal to the spreading level; andgenerate the second number of spread symbol sets by applying the second number of spreading codes to the plurality of modulation symbols in the second dimension,wherein each spread symbol set corresponds to the plurality of modulation symbols and has a set of second indices in the second dimension, and the respective sets of second indices for the second number of spread symbol sets are different.8.The terminal device of claim 7, wherein the second number of spreading codes are applied sequentially according to second indices of the second dimension.9.The terminal device of claim 7 or 8, wherein the respective sets of second indices for the second number of spread symbol sets have a sequential pattern, andfirst indices in the first dimension for each spread symbol set cover the rang of the first dimension.10.The terminal device of claim 7, wherein the second number of spreading codes are applied alternately according to second indices of the second dimension.11.The terminal device of claim 7 or 10, wherein the respective sets of second indices for the second number of spread symbol sets have an alternate pattern, andfirst indices in the first dimension for each spread symbol set cover the rang of the first dimension.12.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the terminal device is caused to:determine a third number of spreading codes based on the spreading level and the spreading code index, the first number being equal to the spreading level; andgenerate the third number of spread symbol sets by applying the third number of spreading codes to the plurality of modulation symbols in both the first and second dimensions,wherein each spread symbol set corresponds to the plurality of modulation symbols and has a set of first indices in the first dimension and a set of second indices in the second dimension, and each spread symbol set is different from at least one other symbol set in at least one of the set of first indices or the set of second indices.13.The terminal device of claim 12, wherein the third number of spreading codes are applied sequentially according to first indices of the first dimension and second indices of the second dimension.14.The terminal device of claim 12 or 13, wherein the respective sets of first indices for the third number of spread symbol sets have a sequential pattern, andthe respective sets of second indices for the third number of spread symbol sets have a sequential pattern.15.The terminal device of claim 12, wherein the third number of spreading codes are applied alternately according to first indices of the first dimension and second indices of the second dimension.16.The terminal device of claim 12 or 15, wherein the respective sets of first indices for the third number of spread symbol sets have an alternate pattern, andthe respective sets of second indices for the third number of spread symbol sets have an alternate pattern.17.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the first dimension has a range associated with a fourth number of subcarriers allocated for the PUSCH and the second dimension has a range associated with the spreading level, the fourth number and a fifth number of the plurality of modulation symbols.18.A network device comprising:a processor configured to cause the network device to:transmit, to a terminal device, a configuration comprising a spreading level and spreading code index for a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) ;receive, from the terminal device, data of the PUSCH; andprocess the data to obtain a plurality of modulation symbols, wherein the plurality of modulation symbols is spread in at least one of a first dimension or a second dimension, wherein the first dimension has a range associated with a span of a frequency band allocated for the PUSCH and the second dimension has a range at least associated with the spreading level.19.The network device of claim 18, wherein the network device is caused to:determine a first number of spreading codes based on the spreading level and the spreading code index, the first number being equal to the spreading level;process the data to obtain the first number of spread symbol sets; anddetermine the plurality of modulation symbols by applying the first number of spreading codes to the first number of spread symbol sets in the first dimension,wherein each spread symbol set corresponds to the plurality of modulation symbols and has a set of first indices in the first dimension, and respective sets of first indices for the first number of spread symbol sets are different.20.The network device of claim 18, wherein the first dimension has a range associated with a fourth number of subcarriers allocated for the PUSCH and the second dimension has a range associated with the spreading level, the fourth number and a fifth number of the plurality of modulation symbols.
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