Opaque vehicle pane

Abstract

The invention relates to a vehicle pane (100) comprising a first pane (1) with an exterior surface (A) and an interior surface (B), wherein the first pane (1) is a glass pane and the entire exterior surface (A) or the entire interior surface (B) of the first pane (1) is designed as a glazed surface (2) with an opaque color layer (3) thereon, wherein the opaque color layer (3) is provided in the form of a varnish or a paint. The invention additionally relates to a method for producing the vehicle pane (100), to the use thereof, and to a vehicle (101) at least comprising a vehicle body (102) and a vehicle pane (100) according to the invention.

Description

[0001] Opaque vehicle window

[0002] The invention relates to an opaque vehicle window and its use. Furthermore, the invention relates to a vehicle comprising a vehicle body and a vehicle window according to the invention.

[0003] Some cars are equipped with roof windows, often simply referred to as "glass roofs." The roof window allows sunlight to enter the vehicle from above, creating a pleasant atmosphere inside and a feeling of "openness."

[0004] However, vehicles with glass roofs also have some disadvantages. For example, some users find the view of their surroundings through the roof distracting or otherwise annoying.

[0005] The decision for or against a glass roof therefore depends largely on the user's personal preferences. As a result, vehicle manufacturers typically offer vehicles in two versions: one with a glass roof and one without. This requires them to provide two different vehicle bodies, and in some cases, interior components, such as upper lighting, antennas, and wiring, must be adapted to the two vehicle versions.

[0006] Limiting the production of vehicles with sunroofs to avoid different production lines and tools would disadvantage end users who prefer an opaque roof.

[0007] Especially with minibuses and vans, vehicle manufacturers typically offer several versions: versions with transparent rear side windows and / or rear windows, and versions without rear side windows and / or rear windows. This also requires vehicle manufacturers to provide two different vehicle bodies, and in some cases, interior components of the two vehicle versions must also be adapted, such as upper lighting units, antennas, and wiring. Restricting the range to vehicles with transparent rear side windows and rear windows would disadvantage end users who prefer opaque side windows and / or rear windows.

[0008] In summary, limiting the production of vehicles with sunroofs, transparent rear side windows and transparent rear windows to avoid different production lines and tools would disadvantage end users who want an opaque roof, opaque rear side windows and / or opaque rear windows.

[0009] There is therefore a need for opaque vehicle windows for use as roof windows, rear side windows, or rear windows. The vehicle manufacturer would then only need to provide one version of the vehicle body with openings for the respective window. Depending on the customer's wishes, either a conventional vehicle window with the aforementioned advantages and disadvantages or an opaque vehicle window could be used. This would significantly simplify production for the vehicle manufacturer, making it more efficient and cost-effective.

[0010] DE 20 2020 104 733 U1 discloses an opaque vehicle laminated window with at least one glass pane made of frosted glass.

[0011] US 2014 / 0254187 A1 discloses a laminated vehicle window, in particular a vehicle side window, having a surface roughened in one region by etching as a light extraction means, wherein the light extraction means is covered by an opaque layer.

[0012] DE 20 2021 102 267 U1 discloses a vehicle roof window with at least one glass pane comprising a heat radiation reflecting coating and a structured satin surface.

[0013] The present invention is based on the object of providing an improved opaque vehicle window.

[0014] According to the invention, this object is achieved by a vehicle window according to claim 1.

[0015] The vehicle window according to the invention comprises a first pane with an exterior surface and an interior surface. According to the invention, the first pane is a glass pane, and the entire exterior surface or the entire interior surface of the first pane is formed as a satin-finished surface on which an opaque paint layer is arranged. According to the invention, the opaque paint layer is formed as a varnish or a paint.

[0016] Due to the smooth surface of glass, varnishes and paints adhere poorly to glass panes. The inventors discovered that by creating a satin finish, i.e., a roughened surface, and thereby increasing the surface area, the adhesion properties of varnishes and paints to glass panes can be improved.

[0017] The opaque color layer is completely opaque to visible light. Due to the opaque color layer, the vehicle window according to the invention has a light transmission of 0%. The vehicle window according to the invention is therefore an opaque vehicle window.

[0018] As described above, in the vehicle window according to the invention, the entire exterior surface or the entire interior surface of the first pane is formed as a satin-finished surface, on which an opaque color layer is arranged. It is understood that the opaque color layer is arranged on the entire interior or exterior surface of the first pane formed as a satin-finished surface, and not just on a portion of the satin-finished surface.

[0019] The vehicle window according to the invention is intended to separate the interior of a vehicle from the exterior environment in a window opening. The interior-side surface (or inner side or inner surface) is understood, for the purposes of the invention, to be the surface that faces the interior in the installed position. The exterior-side surface (or outer side or outer surface) is understood, for the purposes of the invention, to be the surface that faces the exterior environment in the installed position.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment, the vehicle window is curved in one or more directions of space.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment, the entire exterior surface of the first pane is formed as a satin-finished surface with the opaque color layer arranged thereon. In an alternative preferred embodiment, the entire interior surface of the first pane is formed as a satin-finished surface with the opaque color layer arranged thereon.

[0022] The vehicle window according to the invention can be designed as a single pane comprising only a single pane, namely the first pane. The vehicle window is then designed, in particular, as so-called toughened safety glass (ESG) with a thermally tempered first pane.

[0023] The vehicle window according to the invention can also be designed as a composite window, which is preferred for safety reasons. Such a composite window comprises an outer pane and an inner pane, which are bonded together via a thermoplastic intermediate layer.

[0024] For the purposes of the invention, the "inner pane" refers to the pane of a vehicle window designed as a composite pane that faces the interior in the installed position. The "outer pane" refers to the pane that faces the exterior in the installed position. For the purposes of the invention, the "interior-side surface" (or inner side or inner surface) refers to the surface of the panes that faces the interior in the installed position. For the purposes of the invention, the "outer surface" (or outer side or outer surface) refers to the surface of the panes that faces the exterior in the installed position.

[0025] The surfaces of the panes of a vehicle window designed as a composite pane are typically referred to as follows:

[0026] The outside of the outer pane is called Side I. The inside of the outer pane is called Side II. The outside of the inner pane is called Side III. The inside of the inner pane is called Side IV.

[0027] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the vehicle window according to the invention, the vehicle window additionally comprises a second pane with an exterior surface and an interior surface, and a thermoplastic intermediate layer. In this particularly preferred embodiment, either the interior surface of the first pane is connected to the exterior surface of the second pane via the thermoplastic intermediate layer, or the interior surface of the second pane is connected to the exterior surface of the first pane via the thermoplastic intermediate layer.

[0028] In a preferred embodiment of the vehicle window according to the invention designed as a composite window, the interior-side surface of the first window is connected to the exterior surface of the second window via the thermoplastic intermediate layer, and the entire exterior surface of the first window is designed as a satin-finished surface with the opaque color layer arranged thereon. In this embodiment, the first window is therefore the outer window and the second window is the inner window of the composite window, and the entire exterior surface of the outer window is designed as a satin-finished surface with the opaque color layer arranged thereon. The advantage of this embodiment is that, during the production of such a composite window, the opaque color layer can also be applied after the lamination of a corresponding layer stack to form a composite window.For example, the opaque paint layer can be applied during the assembly of the vehicle.

[0029] In an alternative preferred embodiment of the vehicle window according to the invention designed as a composite window, the interior-side surface of the second window is connected to the exterior surface of the first window via the thermoplastic intermediate layer, and the entire exterior surface of the first window is designed as a satin-finished surface with the opaque color layer arranged thereon. In this embodiment, the second window is thus the outer window and the first window is the inner window of the composite window, and the entire exterior surface of the inner window is designed as a satin-finished surface with the opaque color layer arranged thereon. The opaque color layer is therefore arranged inside the composite window and thus protected from external influences.Furthermore, a vehicle window designed in this way is visually very appealing to an observer looking at the window from the outside, because the opaque paint layer is located behind the outer pane and the thermoplastic intermediate layer. These are advantages of this design.

[0030] In an alternative preferred embodiment of the vehicle window according to the invention designed as a composite window, the interior-side surface of the first window is connected to the exterior surface of the second window via the thermoplastic intermediate layer, and the entire interior-side surface of the first window is designed as a satin-finished surface with the opaque color layer arranged thereon. In this embodiment, the first window is thus the outer window and the second window is the inner window of the composite window, and the entire interior-side surface of the outer window is designed as a satin-finished surface with the opaque color layer arranged thereon. The opaque color layer is therefore arranged inside the composite window and thus protected from external influences.Furthermore, a vehicle window designed in this way is visually very appealing to an observer looking at it from outside, because the opaque paint layer is positioned behind the outer pane. These are advantages of this design.

[0031] In an alternative preferred embodiment of the vehicle window according to the invention designed as a composite window, the interior-side surface of the second window is connected to the exterior surface of the first window via the thermoplastic intermediate layer, and the entire interior-side surface of the first window is designed as the satin-finished surface with the opaque color layer arranged thereon. In this embodiment, the second window is the outer window and the first window is the inner window of the composite window, and the entire interior-side surface of the inner window is designed as the satin-finished surface with the opaque color layer arranged thereon. The advantage of this embodiment is that, during the production of such a composite window, the opaque color layer can also be arranged on the satin-finished surface only after the lamination of a corresponding layer stack to form a composite window.For example, the opaque paint layer can be applied during the assembly of the vehicle.

[0032] The vehicle window according to the invention has a total transmitted thermal radiation level (TTS, measured according to ISO 13837) of less than 30%, in particular less than 27%, thus providing good sun protection and thermal comfort. This minimizes both the emission of thermal radiation from the vehicle interior to the outside environment in cold temperatures, and the heat or cold radiation into the vehicle interior. This reduces the so-called cold wall effect.

[0033] Optionally, a heat-reflecting coating is applied to the surface of the vehicle window closest to the vehicle interior in the installed position. The vehicle window can be designed as a single pane or as a composite pane, as described above, with the entire exterior surface or the entire interior surface of the first pane being designed as a satin-finished surface with an opaque color layer applied thereon.

[0034] By applying a heat-reflecting coating to the surface of the vehicle window closest to the vehicle interior in the installed position, the degree of total transmitted heat radiation can be reduced even further and, in particular, TTS values ​​of less than 20% can be achieved, ie sun protection and thermal comfort can be further improved.

[0035] In a preferred embodiment, the vehicle window according to the invention is designed as a single pane, the entire outer surface of the first pane is designed as a satin-finished surface with a color layer arranged thereon, and a heat-ray reflecting coating is arranged on the interior surface of the first pane.

[0036] In an alternative preferred embodiment, the vehicle window according to the invention is designed as a composite window in which the interior-side surface of the second window is connected to the exterior surface of the first window via the thermoplastic intermediate layer, the entire exterior surface of the first window is designed as a satin-finished surface with a color layer arranged thereon, and a heat-ray reflecting coating is arranged on the interior-side surface of the first window.In this embodiment, the vehicle window is thus designed as a composite window, comprising an outer window having an outer surface and an interior surface and an inner window having an outer surface and an interior surface, which are connected to one another via a thermoplastic intermediate layer, wherein the inner window is a glass window, the entire outer surface of the inner window is designed as a satin-finished surface with an opaque color layer arranged thereon, and a heat-ray reflecting coating is arranged on the interior surface of the inner window.

[0037] In an alternative preferred embodiment, the vehicle window according to the invention is designed as a composite window in which the interior-side surface of the first window is connected to the exterior surface of the second window via the thermoplastic intermediate layer, the entire exterior surface of the first window is designed as a satin-finished surface with a color layer arranged thereon, and a heat-ray reflecting coating is arranged on the interior-side surface of the second window.In this embodiment, the vehicle window is thus designed as a composite window, comprising an outer window having an outer surface and an interior surface and an inner window having an outer surface and an interior surface, which are connected to one another via a thermoplastic intermediate layer, wherein the outer window is a glass window, the entire outer surface of the outer window is designed as a satin-finished surface with an opaque color layer arranged thereon, and a heat-ray reflecting coating is arranged on the interior surface of the inner window.

[0038] In an alternative preferred embodiment, the vehicle window according to the invention is designed as a composite window in which the interior-side surface of the first window is connected to the exterior surface of the second window via the thermoplastic intermediate layer, the entire interior-side surface of the first window is designed as a satin-finished surface with a color layer arranged thereon, and a heat-ray reflecting coating is arranged on the interior-side surface of the second window.In this embodiment, the vehicle window is thus designed as a composite window, comprising an outer window having an outer surface and an interior surface and an inner window having an outer surface and an interior surface, which are connected to one another via a thermoplastic intermediate layer, wherein the outer window is a glass window, the entire interior surface of the outer window is designed as a satin-finished surface with an opaque color layer arranged thereon, and a heat-ray reflecting coating is arranged on the interior surface of the inner window.

[0039] Coatings that reflect heat rays are known, for example, from WO2013 / 131667A1. The heat ray-reflecting coating can also be referred to as a low-emissivity coating, emissivity-reducing coating, low-E coating, or low-E layer. Its task is to reflect thermal radiation, in particular IR radiation, which has a longer wavelength than the IR component of solar radiation. At low outside temperatures, the low-E coating reflects heat back into the interior and prevents the interior from cooling down. At high outside temperatures, the low-E coating reflects the thermal radiation from the heated vehicle window outwards and reduces the heating up of the interior. The heat ray-reflecting coating is particularly effective in preventing thermal radiation from the vehicle window into the interior in summer and in winter in preventing heat from being radiated into the outside environment.

[0040] The heat-reflecting coating extends essentially over the entire surface of the vehicle window, i.e., the entire surface or the entire surface except for a surrounding edge area. The surrounding edge area has, for example, a width of up to 20 cm. Particularly preferably, the heat-reflecting coating extends over the entire surface of the vehicle window.

[0041] The heat-reflecting coating preferably comprises a functional layer containing a transparent conductive oxide (TCO), preferably indium tin oxide (ITO), antimony- or fluorine-doped tin oxide, or gallium- or aluminum-doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Ga or ZnO:Al), with indium tin oxide being preferred. However, the functional layer may also contain other electrically conductive oxides, for example fluorine-doped tin oxide (SnO2:F), antimony-doped tin oxide (SnO2:Sb), indium-zinc mixed oxide (IZO), gallium-doped or aluminum-doped zinc oxide, niobium-doped titanium oxide, cadmium stannate, or zinc stannate. This achieves particularly good results with regard to the emissivity and flexibility of the coating according to the invention. The refractive index of the material of the functional layer is preferably 1.7 to 2.5.

[0042] The stated values ​​for refractive indices are measured at a wavelength of 550 nm. Methods for determining refractive indices are known to those skilled in the art. The refractive indices stated within the scope of the invention can be determined, for example, by ellipsometry, using commercially available ellipsometers.

[0043] The indium tin oxide is preferably deposited by means of magnetic field-assisted cathode sputtering using an indium tin oxide target. The target preferably contains from 75 wt.% to 95 wt.% indium oxide and from 5 wt.% to 25 wt.% tin oxide, as well as manufacturing-related admixtures. The tin-doped indium oxide is preferably deposited under a protective gas atmosphere, for example argon. A small amount of oxygen can also be added to the protective gas, for example to improve the homogeneity of the functional layer. Alternatively, the target can preferably contain at least from 75 wt.% to 95 wt.% indium and from 5 wt.% to 25 wt.% tin. The indium tin oxide is then preferably deposited with the addition of oxygen as a reaction gas during cathode sputtering.

[0044] The heat-reflecting coating also typically comprises dielectric layers, in particular formed from dielectric oxides or nitrides, such as ZnO, SnZnO, AlN, TiO2, SiO2, or Si3N4. Preferably, the functional layer in the heat-reflecting coating is arranged between dielectric layers; in particular, two dielectric layers are arranged on each side of the functional layer.

[0045] The thickness of the functional layer is preferably 40 nm to 200 nm, particularly preferably 60 nm to 150 nm and very particularly preferably 65 nm to 85 nm, for example about 75 nm. In this thickness range, a particularly advantageous ability of the heat-reflecting coating to withstand mechanical transformation such as bending or tempering without damage is achieved.

[0046] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the heat-ray reflecting coating consists, starting from the surface on which it is arranged, of a SiO2 layer between 25 nm and 35 nm thick, a SiO2 layer between 10 nm and 20 nm thick, an indium tin oxide layer between 65 nm and 75 nm thick, a SiO2 layer between 8 nm and 12 nm thick and a SiO2 layer between 43 nm and 55 nm thick.

[0047] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the heat-ray reflecting coating consists, starting from the surface on which it is arranged, of a 28 nm thick SiA1N layer, an 11 nm thick SiO2 layer, a 73 nm thick indium tin oxide layer, an 11 nm thick SiA1N layer and a 44 nm thick SiO2 layer.

[0048] The heat-reflecting coating can, for example, be constructed as described in WO 2018 / 206236 A1.

[0049] As described above, the first pane is a glass pane. Preferably, the first pane is made of soda-lime glass or alkali aluminosilicate glass. The first pane preferably has a thickness of 0.5 mm to 4 mm, preferably 1 mm to 4 mm, and particularly preferably 1.6 mm to about 2.1 mm.

[0050] In embodiments in which the vehicle window is designed as a composite pane, the second pane can be made of glass or plastic, preferably soda-lime glass, alkali aluminum silicate glass, polycarbonate, or polymethacrylate. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the first pane and the second pane are made of glass.

[0051] The second disc preferably has a thickness of 0.1 mm to 4 mm, preferably of 1 mm to 4 mm, particularly preferably of 1.6 mm to about 2.1 mm.

[0052] The thermoplastic intermediate layer preferably contains polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyurethane (PU) and / or mixtures thereof and / or copolymers thereof, particularly preferably polyvinyl butyral.

[0053] The thermoplastic intermediate layer preferably has a thickness of approximately 0.2 mm to 2 mm, particularly preferably 0.3 mm to 1 mm, for example 0.38 mm or 0.76 mm. The thermoplastic intermediate layer can be formed by a single film or by more than one film. The thermoplastic intermediate layer can also be a film with functional properties, for example, a film with acoustically dampening properties.

[0054] The opaque color layer can consist of one layer or several layers.

[0055] As described above, according to the invention the opaque color layer is formed as a varnish or as a paint. Suitable varnishes or paints are known to those skilled in the art. An opaque color layer formed as a varnish preferably comprises at least one basecoat layer, which contains color pigments and optionally effect pigments and is the actual coloring layer and thus determines the color of the opaque color layer formed as a varnish. Optionally the opaque color layer formed as a varnish can comprise a primer layer. If the opaque color layer formed as a varnish comprises a primer layer, this is arranged between the satin-finished surface and the basecoat layer in the vehicle window according to the invention. Optionally the opaque color layer formed as a varnish can comprise a clearcoat, which is arranged on the surface of the basecoat layer facing away from the satin-finished surface.The base coat layer preferably comprises an acrylic paint, an alkyd resin paint, a urethane paint and / or a metallic paint.

[0056] The basecoat layer preferably has a thickness between 15 pm (micrometers) and 25 pm. The optional primer layer preferably has a thickness between 20 pm and 55 pm. The optional clearcoat layer preferably has a thickness between 30 pm and 50 pm. The opaque color layer formed as a lacquer thus preferably has a thickness between 15 pm and 125 pm, particularly preferably between 65 pm and 125 pm.

[0057] In a preferred embodiment, the opaque color layer is black. However, the opaque color layer can be gray, red, blue, green, or white, for example, or any other color.

[0058] The opaque paint layer can also be a color-changing opaque paint layer. Such opaque paint layers are also known as color-changing paint, and the color changes depending on the viewing angle.

[0059] Preferably, the first pane is not colored or tinted. Likewise, the second pane and the thermoplastic intermediate layer are not colored or tinted.

[0060] As described above, the vehicle windshield is preferably curved in one or more directions of space, as is common for motor vehicle windshields, with typical radii of curvature ranging from approximately 10 cm to approximately 40 m. However, the vehicle windshield can also be flat, for example, if it is intended for a minibus or van.

[0061] According to the invention, a vehicle also comprises at least a vehicle body and a vehicle window according to the invention.

[0062] In a preferred embodiment of a vehicle according to the invention, the roof window of the vehicle is designed as a vehicle window according to the invention. In an alternative preferred embodiment, the rear side windows and / or the rear window(s) are designed as a vehicle window according to the invention. It is also possible for both the rear side windows, the rear window(s) and the roof window to be designed as vehicle windows according to the invention. In a preferred embodiment of a vehicle according to the invention, the vehicle body has an exterior paint finish in a first color and the opaque paint layer has a second color, wherein the second color corresponds to the first color.

[0063] Delta E (AE) can be used to determine whether a color difference is perceptible to an observer. AE is a measure of the distance between two colors and indicates whether the difference between two colors can be perceived. It is therefore a relative measure with reference to the peculiarities of human color perception. An AE always refers to two colors that are to be compared. AE is calculated by calculating the Euclidean distance between the a*, b*, and L* values.

[0064] The symbols a* and b* are values ​​of the L*a*b* color space, a color model that describes all perceivable colors. L* indicates the brightness value and can have values ​​between 0 and 100. A* indicates the chromaticity and color intensity between green and red, while b* indicates the chromaticity and color intensity between blue and yellow. The more negative or positive the values ​​of b* and a* are, the more intense the hue. Values ​​close to 0 for a* and b* indicate a rather achromatic, i.e., neutral, hue.

[0065] The fact that the second color, which has the opaque paint layer, corresponds to the first color of the exterior paintwork of the vehicle body means, in the context of this application, that the color difference AE between the second color and the first color is less than or equal to 10, preferably less than or equal to 5, particularly preferably less than or equal to 2. Thus, no color difference is perceptible to an observer between the opaque paint layer and the exterior paintwork of the vehicle body.

[0066] The formula for calculating AE is as follows: with

[0067] Li* = luminance of the first color

[0068] L2* = Luminance of the second color ai* = Value for the green or red component of the first color a2* = Value for the green or red component of the second color bi* = Value for the blue or yellow component of the first color b2* = Value for the blue or yellow component of the second color

[0069] AE = Euclidean distance between the L*a*b* values ​​of the first color and the L*a*b* values ​​of the second color

[0070] Common measurement methods for determining a*, b* and L* values ​​of the L*a*b* color space (CIELAB) are generally known to those skilled in the art.

[0071] The fact that the opaque paint layer and the exterior paintwork of the vehicle body have the same color, i.e. the second color of the opaque paint layer corresponds to the first color of the exterior paintwork of the vehicle body, can be achieved in particular by the opaque paint layer and the exterior paintwork of the vehicle body comprising the same base coat.

[0072] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the opaque paint layer is a varnish, and the opaque paint layer and the exterior paint of the vehicle body consist of the same varnish. Thus, in this embodiment of a vehicle according to the invention, the same varnish is used for the exterior paint of the vehicle body and for forming the opaque paint layer.

[0073] The preferred embodiments of the vehicle window according to the invention described above also apply accordingly to the vehicle according to the invention and vice versa.

[0074] The invention also relates to a method for producing a vehicle window according to the invention, comprising at least the following steps: a) providing a first window having an outside surface and an inside surface, wherein the first window is a glass window, b) forming the outside surface or the inside surface of the first window as a satin-finished surface, c) arranging an opaque color layer on the satin-finished surface.

[0075] It is understood that steps a) to c) of the method according to the invention take place in the specified order. The formation of the outer or inner surface of the first disc as a satin-finished surface in step b) is achieved by roughening the surface in question, for example using sandblasting, laser processing, plasma treatment, or chemical etching such as treatment with hydrofluoric acid. In the sandblasting technique, the first disc can be blasted with sand. For health reasons, however, fine corundum grains are typically used for blasting ("blasting corundum"). Blasting corundum is a synthetic, mineral blasting medium and is melted from high-quality bauxite or alumina in an arc furnace at over 2000°C. It is also used in the production of abrasives and sandpaper. Blasting corundum is not hygroscopic.Selecting different grain sizes results in varying degrees of roughness. Etching the satin surface, for example, using hydrofluoric acid as the etching medium, is preferred over sandblasting because it allows for a more homogeneous satin surface than sandblasting. The degree of roughness of the satin surface can vary depending on the process, the concentration of the reactants, the temperature of the etching medium, and the chemical composition of the glass.

[0076] According to the invention, in step b) the entire outside surface or the entire inside surface of the first pane is formed as a satin-finished surface.

[0077] If the vehicle window according to the invention is designed as a composite window, the method additionally comprises at least the following steps: d) providing a second window with an outside surface and an inside surface, e) providing a thermoplastic intermediate layer, f) forming a layer stack in which the thermoplastic intermediate layer is arranged between the first window and the second window, wherein either the outside surface of the first window and the inside surface of the second window face the thermoplastic intermediate layer or the inside surface of the first window and the outside surface of the second window face the thermoplastic intermediate layer, g) lamination of the layer stack formed in step f).

[0078] It is understood that in the method for producing a vehicle window according to the invention designed as a composite window, if the satin-finished surface with the opaque color layer arranged thereon is arranged within the composite window, ie on the interior-side surface of the outer window or the exterior-side surface of the inner window, the formation of the exterior-side surface or the interior-side surface of the first window as a satin-finished surface and the arrangement of an opaque color layer on the satin-finished surface must take place before forming the layer stack and before the subsequent lamination of the layer stack.

[0079] If one of the exposed surfaces of the laminated pane, i.e. the outside surface of the outer pane or the inside surface of the inner pane, is designed as the satin-finished surface with the opaque color layer arranged thereon, then in the method for producing a vehicle pane designed as such a laminated pane, the formation of the surface in question as a satin-finished surface and the arrangement of the opaque color layer can take place either before the formation of the layer stack and before the subsequent lamination of the layer stack or only after the formation of the layer stack and after the lamination of the layer stack.Alternatively, if the outside surface of the outer pane or the inside surface of the inner pane is to be formed as the satin-finished surface with the opaque color layer arranged thereon, it is also conceivable to carry out the formation of the surface in question as a satin-finished surface before the formation of the layer stack and the subsequent lamination of the layer stack and to then apply the opaque color layer only after the lamination of the layer stack.

[0080] In embodiments of the method according to the invention for producing a vehicle window according to the invention designed as a composite window, in which one of the exposed surfaces of the composite window, i.e. the outside surface of the outer window or the inside surface of the composite window, is designed as the satin-finished surface with the opaque paint layer arranged thereon, the formation of the satin-finished surface and the arrangement of the opaque paint layer, preferably only the arrangement of the opaque paint layer on the satin-finished surface, can also take place in the vehicle manufacturer's factory, for example during assembly of the vehicle. This is particularly suitable for embodiments in which the opaque paint layer and the exterior paintwork of the vehicle body consist of the same paint.

[0081] The layer stack can be laminated using common lamination processes. For example, so-called autoclave processes can be carried out at an elevated pressure of approximately 10 to 15 bar and temperatures of 130°C to 145°C for approximately 2 hours. Alternatively, autoclave-free processes are also possible. Conventional vacuum bag or vacuum ring processes, for example, operate at approximately 200 mbar and 80°C to 110°C. The layer stack can also be pressed into a composite pane in a calender between at least one pair of rollers. Systems of this type are known for the production of panes and usually have at least one heating tunnel upstream of a pressing unit. The temperature during the pressing process can range, for example, from 40°C to 150°C. Combinations of calender and autoclave processes have proven particularly effective in practice. Alternatively, vacuum laminators can be used.These consist of one or more heatable and evacuatable chambers in which the outer pane and the inner pane are laminated within, for example, about 60 minutes at reduced pressures of 0.01 mbar to 800 mbar and temperatures of 80 °C to 170 °C.

[0082] The preferred embodiments of the vehicle window according to the invention and / or the vehicle according to the invention described above also apply accordingly to the method according to the invention and vice versa.

[0083] The present invention also relates to the use of the vehicle window according to the invention in vehicles for traffic on land, in the air or on water, preferably as a roof window, rear side window or rear window, particularly preferably as a roof window of a motor vehicle, in particular a passenger car.

[0084] The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to drawings and exemplary embodiments. The drawings are schematic representations and not to scale. The drawings do not limit the invention in any way.

[0085] They show:

[0086] Fig. 1 shows a cross section through an embodiment of an inventive

[0087] vehicle window,

[0088] Fig. 2 shows a cross section through a further embodiment of a vehicle window according to the invention,

[0089] Fig. 3 shows a cross section through a further embodiment of a vehicle window according to the invention,

[0090] Fig. 4 shows a cross section through a further embodiment of an inventive

[0091] Vehicle window, Fig. 5 a cross section through a further embodiment of an inventive

[0092] vehicle window,

[0093] Fig. 6 shows a cross section through a further embodiment of an inventive

[0094] vehicle window,

[0095] Fig. 7 shows a cross section through a further embodiment of a vehicle window according to the invention,

[0096] Fig. 8 shows a cross section through a further embodiment of a vehicle window according to the invention,

[0097] Fig. 9 shows a cross section through a further embodiment of a vehicle window according to the invention,

[0098] Fig. 10 shows a cross section through a further embodiment of an inventive

[0099] vehicle window,

[0100] Fig. 11 is a plan view of an embodiment of a vehicle according to the invention,

[0101] Fig. 12 is a plan view of another embodiment of a vehicle according to the invention, and

[0102] Fig. 13 is a flowchart of an embodiment of the method according to the invention.

[0103] Fig. 1 shows a cross-section of an embodiment of a vehicle window 100 according to the invention. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, the vehicle window 100 is designed as a single glass pane and consists of a first pane 1 with an outside surface A and an inside surface B, wherein the entire outside surface A is designed as a satin-finished surface 2 on which an opaque color layer 3 is arranged. The first pane 1 is a glass pane, consists for example of soda-lime glass and has for example a thickness of 2.1 mm. The opaque color layer 3 is designed for example as a varnish and is black. Alternatively, the opaque color layer 3 can be designed as a paint.

[0104] Fig. 2 shows a cross-section of another embodiment of a vehicle window 100 according to the invention. The embodiment shown in Fig. 2 differs from that shown in Fig. 1 only in that, instead of the entire exterior surface A of the first window 1, the entire interior surface B of the first window 1 is formed as a satin-finished surface 2, on which an opaque color layer 3 is arranged.

[0105] In Fig. 3 is a cross section through a further embodiment of a

[0106] Vehicle window 100 is shown. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 3, the vehicle window 100 is designed as a composite window and has a first window 1 with an outside surface A and an inside surface B and a second window 4 with an outside surface C and an inside surface D, which are connected via a thermoplastic intermediate layer 5. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 3, the first window 1 is the outer window 7 and the second window 4 is the inner window 8 of the composite window and consequently the inside surface B of the first window 1 is connected to the outside surface C of the second window 4 via the thermoplastic intermediate layer 5.Thus, the outside surface A of the first pane 1 is the outside surface I of the outer pane 7, the inside surface B of the first pane 1 is the inside surface II of the outer pane 7, the outside surface C of the second pane 4 is the outside surface III of the inner pane 8 and the inside surface D of the second pane 4 is the inside surface IV of the inner pane 8. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 3, the entire inside surface B of the first pane 1, i.e. the inside surface II of the outer pane 7, is designed as a satin-finished surface 3 on which an opaque color layer 3 is arranged. The first pane 1 is a glass pane, consists for example of soda-lime glass and has for example a thickness of 2.1 mm. The second pane 4 is for example a glass pane, consists for example of soda-lime glass and has for example a thickness of 2.1 mm.The thermoplastic intermediate layer 5 is, for example, a 0.76 mm thick PVB layer. The opaque color layer 3 is, for example, formed as a lacquer and is black. Alternatively, the opaque color layer 3 can be formed as a paint.

[0107] Fig. 4 shows a cross-section through a further embodiment of a vehicle window 100 according to the invention. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 4, the vehicle window 100 is designed as a composite window and has a first window 1 with an outside surface A and an inside surface B and a second window 4 with an outside surface C and an inside surface D, which are connected via a thermoplastic intermediate layer 5. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 4, the first window 1 is the inner window 8 and the second window 4 is the outer window 7 of the composite window and consequently the inside surface D of the second window 4 is connected to the outside surface A of the first window 1 via the thermoplastic intermediate layer 5.Thus, the outside surface C of the second pane 4 is the outside surface I of the outer pane 7, the inside surface D of the second pane 4 is the inside surface 11 of the outer pane 7, the outside surface A of the first pane 1 is the outside surface III of the inner pane 8 and the inside surface B of the first pane 1 is the inside surface IV of the inner pane 8. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 4, the entire outside surface A of the first pane 1, i.e. the outside surface III of the inner pane 8, is designed as a satin-finished surface 3, on which an opaque color layer 3 is arranged. The first pane 1 is a glass pane and has, for example, a thickness of 2.1 mm. The second pane 4 is, for example, a glass pane and has, for example, a thickness of 2.1 mm. The thermoplastic intermediate layer 5 is, for example, a 0.76 mm thick PVB layer.The opaque color layer 3 is formed, for example, as a lacquer and is black. Alternatively, the opaque color layer 3 can be formed as a paint.

[0108] Fig. 5 shows a cross-section through a further embodiment of a vehicle window 100 according to the invention. The embodiment shown in Fig. 5 differs from that shown in Fig. 3 only in that, instead of the entire interior-side surface B of the first pane 1, the entire exterior surface A of the first pane 1 is designed as a satin-finished surface 2 with an opaque color layer 3 arranged thereon. Thus, in the embodiment shown in Fig. 5, the exterior surface I of the outer pane 7 of the composite pane is designed as a satin-finished surface 2, on which an opaque color layer 3 is arranged.

[0109] Fig. 6 shows a cross-section through a further embodiment of a vehicle window 100 according to the invention. The embodiment shown in Fig. 6 differs from that shown in Fig. 4 only in that, instead of the entire outer surface A of the first pane 1, the entire interior surface B of the first pane 1 is designed as a satin-finished surface 2 with an opaque color layer 3 arranged thereon. Thus, in the embodiment shown in Fig. 6, the interior surface IV of the inner pane 8 of the composite pane is designed as a satin-finished surface 2, on which an opaque color layer 3 is arranged.

[0110] Fig. 7 shows a cross-section through a further embodiment of a vehicle window 100 according to the invention. The embodiment shown in Fig. 7 differs from that shown in Fig. 1 only in that the vehicle window 100 additionally has a heat-ray reflecting coating 6, which is arranged on the interior-side surface B of the first window 1. Starting from the surface on which it is arranged, the heat-ray reflecting coating consists, for example, of a SiA1N layer between 25 nm and 35 nm thick, a SiC layer between 10 nm and 20 nm thick, an indium tin oxide layer between 65 nm and 75 nm thick, an SiA1N layer between 8 nm and 12 nm thick, and a SiC layer between 43 nm and 55 nm thick.

[0111] Fig. 8 shows a cross-section through a further embodiment of a vehicle window 100 according to the invention. The embodiment shown in Fig. 8 differs from that shown in Fig. 3 only in that the vehicle window 100 additionally has a heat-reflecting coating 6, which is arranged on the interior-side surface D of the second pane 4. Thus, in the embodiment shown in Fig. 8, a heat-reflecting coating 6 is arranged on the interior-side surface IV of the inner pane 8. Starting from the surface on which it is arranged, the heat-reflecting coating consists, for example, of a SiA / N layer between 25 nm and 35 nm thick, a SiO2 layer between 10 nm and 20 nm thick, an indium tin oxide layer between 65 nm and 75 nm thick, an SiA / N layer between 8 nm and 12 nm thick, and an SiO2 layer between 43 nm and 55 nm thick.

[0112] Fig. 9 shows a cross-section through a further embodiment of a vehicle window 100 according to the invention. The embodiment shown in Fig. 9 differs from that shown in Fig. 4 only in that the vehicle window 100 additionally has a heat-reflecting coating 6, which is arranged on the interior-side surface B of the first window 1. Thus, in the embodiment shown in Fig. 9, a heat-reflecting coating 6 is arranged on the interior-side surface IV of the inner window 8. Starting from the surface on which it is arranged, the heat-reflecting coating consists, for example, of a SiA / N layer between 25 nm and 35 nm thick, a SiO2 layer between 10 nm and 20 nm thick, an indium tin oxide layer between 65 nm and 75 nm thick, an SiA / N layer between 8 nm and 12 nm thick, and an SiO2 layer between 43 nm and 55 nm thick.

[0113] Fig. 10 shows a cross-section through a further embodiment of a vehicle window 100 according to the invention. The embodiment shown in Fig. 10 differs from that shown in Fig. 5 only in that the vehicle window 100 additionally has a heat-reflecting coating 6, which is arranged on the interior-side surface D of the second pane 4. Thus, in the embodiment shown in Fig. 10, a heat-reflecting coating 6 is arranged on the interior-side surface IV of the inner pane 8. Starting from the surface on which it is arranged, the heat-reflecting coating consists, for example, of a SiA / N layer between 25 nm and 35 nm thick, a SiO2 layer between 10 nm and 20 nm thick, an indium tin oxide layer between 65 nm and 75 nm thick, an SiA / N layer between 8 nm and 12 nm thick, and an SiO2 layer between 43 nm and 55 nm thick.

[0114] Fig. 11 shows a simplified plan view of an embodiment of a vehicle 101 according to the invention. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 11, the vehicle 101 according to the invention is designed as a passenger car and comprises a vehicle body 102 with recesses for a roof window 103, rear side windows

[0115] 104, a rear window 105, front side windows 107, and a windshield 106. The roof window 103 is designed as a vehicle window 100 according to the invention and is constructed, for example, as shown in Figs. 1 to 10. The rear side windows 104, the rear window 105, the front side windows 107, and the windshield 106 are not designed as a vehicle window 100 according to the invention and are designed as transparent panes or composite panes. As can be seen from Fig. 11, in the embodiment shown in Fig. 11, the vehicle body 102 has an exterior paint finish in a first color, and the opaque paint layer 3 of the vehicle window 100 according to the invention used as the roof window 103 has a second color, the second color corresponding to the first color. For example, the opaque paint layer 3 and the exterior paint finish of the vehicle body 102 consist of the same paint.It is understood that in the case of vehicles 101 according to the invention designed as passenger cars, the rear side windows 104 and / or the rear window 105 can alternatively or additionally also be designed as a vehicle window according to the invention.

[0116] Fig. 12 shows a simplified plan view of an embodiment of a vehicle 101 according to the invention. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 12, the vehicle according to the invention is designed as a transporter and comprises a vehicle body 102 with recesses for rear side windows 104, a rear window

[0117] 105, front side windows 107 and a windshield 106. The rear side windows 104 and the rear window 105 are each designed as a vehicle window 100 according to the invention. The rear side windows 104 and the rear window 105 are constructed independently of one another, for example as shown in FIGS. 1 to 10. The front side windows 107 are not designed as a vehicle window 100 according to the invention and are designed as transparent panes or composite panes. The windshield 106 is not designed as a vehicle window 100 according to the invention and is designed as a transparent composite pane. As can be seen from FIG. 12, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 12 the vehicle body 102 has an outer paint finish in a first color and the opaque paint layer 3 of the rear side windows 104 andThe vehicle windows 100 according to the invention used in the rear window 105 have a second color, wherein the second color corresponds to the first color. For example, the opaque paint layer 3 and the exterior paintwork of the vehicle body 102 each consist of the same paint. It is understood that in vehicles 101 according to the invention designed as a van or minibus, the rear side windows 104 or the rear window 105 can alternatively also be designed as transparent panes or composite panes. It is also possible for a vehicle 101 according to the invention designed as a van or minibus to have a recess for a roof pane 103, which is then designed as a vehicle window 100 according to the invention or as a transparent pane or composite pane. In a vehicle 101 according to the invention, at least one of the vehicle windows is designed as a vehicle window 100 according to the invention.Of course, a vehicle 101 according to the invention designed as a minibus or van can also have more than one rear window 105, and these can then be designed either as a vehicle window 100 according to the invention or as a transparent window or composite window.

[0118] Fig. 13 shows a flow diagram of an embodiment of the method according to the invention for producing a vehicle window 100 according to the invention. The method according to the invention comprises a first step P1, providing a first pane 1 with an outside surface A and an inside surface B, wherein the first pane 1 is a glass pane. In a subsequent second step P2, the outside surface A or the inside surface B of the first pane 1 is formed as a satin-finished surface 2. In a subsequent third step P3, an opaque color layer 3 is applied to the satin-finished surface 2.

[0119] Examples:

[0120] Two vehicle panes 100 according to the invention, designed as composite panes, were produced, and their TTS values ​​were determined. In Example 1, the vehicle pane 100 according to the invention was constructed as shown in Fig. 1, and in Example 2, the vehicle pane 100 according to the invention was constructed as shown in Fig. 8. The measured degree of total transmitted thermal radiation (TTS, measured according to ISO 13837) of the vehicle pane 100 according to the invention of Example 1 was 26.5%. The measured degree of total transmitted thermal radiation (TTS, measured according to ISO 13837) of the vehicle pane 100 according to the invention of Example 2 was 19.4%. Thus, with vehicle panes according to the invention, TTS values ​​of less than 30% and thus good thermal comfort are achieved.By applying a heat-reflecting coating to the surface of the vehicle window closest to the vehicle interior in the installed position, thermal comfort can be further improved, achieving TTS values ​​of less than 20%. The vehicle windows according to the invention are thus not only opaque but also offer at least good thermal comfort.

[0121] List of reference symbols:

[0122] 1 first slice

[0123] 2 satin finish

[0124] 3 opaque color layers

[0125] 4 second slice

[0126] 5 thermoplastic intermediate layer

[0127] 6 heat-reflecting coating

[0128] 7 Outer pane

[0129] 8 inner pane

[0130] 100 vehicle windows

[0131] 101 vehicle

[0132] 102 Vehicle body

[0133] 103 roof panel

[0134] 104 rear side window

[0135] 105 Rear window

[0136] 106 Windshield

[0137] 107 front side window

[0138] A outer surface of the first pane 1

[0139] B interior surface of the first pane 1

[0140] C outer surface of the second pane 4

[0141] D interior surface of the second pane 4

[0142] I outside surface of the outer pane 7

[0143] II Interior surface of the outer pane 7

[0144] III outer surface of the inner pane 8

[0145] IV Interior surface of the inner pane 8

Claims

Patent claims 1. Vehicle window (100), comprising a first pane (1) with an outside surface (A) and an inside surface (B), wherein the first pane (1) is a glass pane and the entire outside surface (A) or the entire inside surface (B) of the first pane (1) is formed as a satin-finished surface (2) with an opaque color layer (3) arranged thereon, and wherein the opaque color layer (3) is formed as a varnish or as a paint.

2. Vehicle window (100) according to claim 1, wherein the vehicle window (100) is curved in one or more directions of space.

3. Vehicle window (100) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the entire outer surface (A) of the first window (1) is formed as the satin-finished surface (2) with the opaque color layer (3) arranged thereon.

4. Vehicle window (100) according to one of claims 1 to 3, additionally comprising a second window (4) with an outside surface (C) and an inside surface (D) and a thermoplastic intermediate layer (5), wherein the inside surface (B) of the first window (1) is connected to the outside surface (C) of the second window (4) or the inside surface (D) of the second window (4) is connected to the outside surface (A) of the first window (1) via the thermoplastic intermediate layer (5).

5. Vehicle window (100) according to claim 4, wherein the entire outside surface (A) of the first pane (1) is formed as the satin-finished surface (2) with the opaque color layer (3) arranged thereon and the inside surface (B) of the first pane (1) is connected to the outside surface (C) of the second pane (4) via the thermoplastic intermediate layer (5).

6. Vehicle window (100) according to claim 4, wherein the entire outside surface (A) of the first window (1) is formed as the satin-finished surface (2) with the opaque color layer (3) arranged thereon and the inside surface (D) of the second window (4) is connected to the outside surface (A) of the first window (1) via the thermoplastic intermediate layer (5).

7. Vehicle window (100) according to claim 4, wherein the entire interior-side surface (B) of the first window (1) is formed as the satin-finished surface (2) with the opaque color layer (3) arranged thereon and the interior-side surface (B) of the first window (1) is connected to the exterior surface (C) of the second window (4) via the thermoplastic intermediate layer (5).

8. Vehicle window (100) according to claim 4, wherein the entire interior-side surface (B) of the first window (1) is formed as the satin-finished surface (2) with the opaque color layer (3) arranged thereon and the interior-side surface (D) of the second window (4) is connected to the exterior surface (A) of the first window (1) via the thermoplastic intermediate layer (5).

9. Vehicle window (100) according to claim 3 or 6, wherein a heat-ray reflecting coating (6) is arranged on the interior-side surface (B) of the first window (1).

10. Vehicle window (100) according to claim 5 or 7, wherein a heat-ray reflecting coating (6) is arranged on the interior-side surface (D) of the second window (4).

11. Vehicle (101), comprising at least a vehicle body (102) and a vehicle window (100) according to one of claims 1 to 10.

12. The vehicle (101) according to claim 11, wherein the vehicle body (102) has an exterior paint finish in a first color and the opaque paint layer (3) has a second color and the second color corresponds to the first color.

13. Vehicle (101) according to claim 12, wherein the opaque paint layer (3) and the exterior paint of the vehicle body (102) consist of the same paint.

14. A method for producing a vehicle window (100) according to one of claims 1 to 10, comprising at least - Providing a first pane (1) having an outside surface (A) and an inside surface (B), wherein the first pane (1) is a glass pane, - forming the entire outside surface (A) or the entire inside surface (B) of the first pane (1) as a satin-finished surface (2), - Applying an opaque layer of paint (3) on the satin surface (2).

15. Use of a vehicle window (100) according to one of claims 1 to 10 in vehicles for traffic on land, in the air or on water, preferably as a roof window (103), rear side window (104) or rear window (105).

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