System for an efficient energy management in a building

Abstract

A system (11) for achieving an efficient energy management in a building (13), in particular for a highly efficient use of renewable energies, comprises at least one module array (19, 20) which can be attached to the building (13) and which forms an air duct (29) on the building (13) for enclosing an air cushion (27). The system (11) achieves previously unused synergistic effects by means of an absolutely innovative use, in particular by means of a unique combination of possibly already known or existing technologies, in that energy losses occurring on the building (13) can be reduced to a minimum and used in order to increase the efficiency of devices for generating or converting renewable energies. Embodiments can have an air duct (29) enclosing the building (13) in order to use synergistic effects explained in the description in conjunction with one another. In particular, such an air duct (29) can be connected to an air-to-soil collector (41), a roof ridge draw-off point and a heat pump (37) in order to be able to improve the operating point of the heat pump (37) by supplying heated air. In addition, a systematic construction of insulating layers (for example, with reflective elements on the roof and with controllable insulating materials on the facade) in conjunction with a module array (19, 20) can provide an energy management that is as efficient as possible. Any additional energy requirement can be compensated for by a supplementary innovative system (69) comprising erectable solar panels (73).

Description

[0001] System for efficient energy management in a building

[0002] The invention relates to a system for efficient energy management in a building, in particular for the efficient use of renewable energies.

[0003] In general, the goal for buildings is to achieve the most efficient energy management possible. This requires, on the one hand, minimizing energy losses, especially heat losses, from the building itself, and, on the other hand, using the energy provided as efficiently as possible. Furthermore, the use of renewable energies in the energy supply of buildings is becoming increasingly important in order to achieve sustainable energy supply and to be able to heat and / or operate buildings as independently as possible from fossil fuels.

[0004] Conventionally, various systems can be used to generate and utilize renewable energy. For example, the electrical power generated by a solar system can be used to operate a heat pump. Furthermore, energy or heat losses in a building can be minimized by either incorporating the highest possible insulation during construction or retrofitting such insulation. However, conventional systems for utilizing renewable energy often do not achieve a sufficient level of efficiency, and known measures for adequately insulating buildings involve high material requirements and corresponding costs.

[0005] Therefore, it is an object of the invention to provide a more efficient system for energy management in a building, by means of which building losses can be minimized and / or the use of renewable energies can be made more efficient and better.

[0006] This problem is solved by a system having the features of claim 1 .

[0007] This system comprises at least one module field attachable to a building facade, a building roof, and / or a sloping slope, which comprises two fastening devices extending parallel to one another in a longitudinal direction and at least one cover module arranged between the fastening devices. The fastening devices can be fastened to the building facade, the building roof, and / or the sloping slope and are designed to support the cover module for forming an air cushion between the building facade, the building roof, and / or the sloping slope and the cover module at a distance from the building facade, the building roof, and / or the sloping slope, wherein the fastening devices are laterally closed, and the module field is designed to form an air duct enclosing the air cushion.

[0008] By having such a module array, the system can create an air cushion between the building façade and / or the building roof and the cover module, which can form an insulating layer between the building façade and / or the building roof and an inner side of the cover module. Such an air cushion can therefore create a decoupling effect between an outer side of the building façade and / or the building roof and the environment. The air cushion can, in particular, have a higher temperature than the outside air, especially in winter, to prevent the building from cooling down.In addition, the module array can shield the building façade and / or roof from the elements by creating a closed air channel, preventing wind or rain from entering the gap between the cover module and the building façade, which could in turn draw heat away from the building. Due to the air cushion, less heat needs to be added to heat the building compared to conventional buildings, thus reducing the building's energy requirements and improving its energy balance.

[0009] Furthermore, due to the decoupling of the building façade and / or roof from the ambient temperature and weather influences by the air cushion, overheating of the building can be prevented in the opposite case – i.e., during high outside temperatures – by preventing direct contact between the exterior of the building façade and / or roof and the hot outside air, but rather by the air cushion forming an insulating layer between the building and the outside. This also prevents, or at least minimizes, the use of air conditioning systems to cool the building in hot months, so that the system can enable a reduction in the building's energy consumption both in cold months through reduced heat loss and in warm months through improved building cooling.

[0010] In general, the air cushion can maintain a nearly constant temperature year-round, allowing the building's exterior facade and / or roof to be exposed to nearly constant ambient conditions year-round, which can facilitate stable air conditioning of the building's interior. Furthermore, thermal effects and the rising of warm air in the air duct can generally result in a slight and / or controllable air movement to dissipate excess heat and also dehumidify the building's facade and / or roof, thus preventing moisture-related damage to the building's facade and / or roof.

[0011] Because the fastening devices can be attached to the building facade and / or roof, existing buildings can be retrofitted with such module arrays, particularly to implement the described insulation and soundproofing measures in existing buildings as an energy-saving measure. Such module arrays can be used instead of complex insulation measures, thereby reducing material costs, the space required for installing the insulation, and the time required for installing the insulation compared to conventional solutions. In particular, several module arrays can be installed adjacent to one another to achieve the most complete insulation possible.Furthermore, in newly constructed buildings, complex insulation measures involving potentially environmentally harmful materials can be avoided from the outset by simply covering a building facade and / or roof with the aforementioned module arrays, thus achieving immediate and simple insulation. The fastening devices can, in particular, enable quick and easy attachment of the module arrays to the building, as explained in more detail below.

[0012] In principle, the fastening devices can be fastened in particular directly to the building façade as a load-bearing wall of a building or indirectly to an intermediate insulation layer, as will also be explained in more detail below.

[0013] In principle, the fastening devices can alternatively or additionally also be attached to a slope to form an air cushion between a floor surface of the slope and the supported cover module. This can be provided in particular in embodiments explained in more detail below, in which the cover module is designed as a solar panel to generate electrical energy from incident solar radiation on the slope.

[0014] Further embodiments are explained in the dependent claims, the description, and with reference to the figures. In general terms and prior to the further description of individual embodiments, it should be noted that embodiments of the invention may utilize existing or known technologies, but then exploit previously untapped potential and possibilities beyond their standardized use by combining these technologies in accordance with physical laws and interconnecting and deploying them to increase efficiency. Based on the aforementioned foundation of consistent use of physical principles and the corresponding sequencing and combination of energy flows and systems, previously unattainable synergy effects can be achieved in embodiments of the invention, ultimately leading to a building's energy balance that is highly efficient in terms of energy consumption.This can be achieved, on the one hand, by consistently minimizing the building's energy losses, while, on the other hand, any building losses that still occur in the building's energy supply can be cleverly fed back into the energy supply and / or used directly for energy supply.

[0015] In some embodiments, an outlet, particularly an upper one, of the air duct can be connected to an inlet duct of a heat pump, particularly an air-to-water heat pump. Furthermore, the module array can be positioned on the building in such a way that the outlet of the air duct can be arranged on an upper roof section of the building and / or a roof ridge.

[0016] As already explained, the air duct can in principle absorb heat escaping from the building, so that such heat losses can heat the air in the air duct or the air cushion. According to the laws of thermodynamics, this heated air can rise upwards in the air duct and therefore toward a particularly upper outlet of the air duct, allowing heated air to exit at the outlet. This heated air can then be fed to the heat pump, particularly an air-to-water heat pump, through a corresponding inlet duct.

[0017] By supplying air from the air duct to the (air / water) heat pump in this way, building losses – i.e., heat escaping from the building – can be directly used to supply the (air / water) heat pump with warmer air than the outside temperature, allowing the (air / water) heat pump to operate at an improved operating point. In this way, the building losses can be recovered to a certain extent and used to improve the operating point of the (air / water) heat pump and thus its efficiency, thus reducing the energy consumption of the (air / water) heat pump. The air cushion created by the module array can thus act as insulation and minimize building losses, while any losses that still occur can also be efficiently used to improve the operating point of the (air / water) heat pump.This more efficient use of an (air / water) heat pump can also make it possible to use smaller heat pumps compared to the (air / water) heat pumps conventionally used in buildings, which can again result in lower costs for the energy supply of the building and its construction.

[0018] In some embodiments, a particularly lower inlet of the air duct can be connected to an air-ground collector. In such embodiments, it can therefore be provided to heat the air cushion located in the air duct by connecting it to an air-ground collector, in order to achieve further and improved insulation of the building, particularly in winter. Furthermore, in embodiments in which an outlet of the air duct is connected to an inlet duct of an (air / water) heat pump, the operating point of the heat pump can be further improved by providing the (air / water) heat pump with air heated by the air-ground collector.

[0019] In some embodiments, an output channel of the (air / water) heat pump may also be connected to the air ground collector.

[0020] In this respect, some embodiments may provide for cold air generated at the (air-to-water) heat pump to be guided through the air-to-ground collector to be heated there, and then circulated through the air duct formed by the module array and its outlet back to the inlet duct of the (air-to-water) heat pump, thus enabling the (air-to-water) heat pump to operate at an improved operating point and with warmer air. Furthermore, the air heated by the air-to-ground collector can facilitate the aforementioned dehumidification as it flows past the building façade and / or roof, preventing any damage or wear to the building façade and / or roof caused by moisture.

[0021] In some embodiments, the system may include a fan for driving an airflow from the air-ground collector through the air duct. In particular, such a fan can enhance and / or control the flow through the air duct; however, due to the aforementioned thermal effects and the rising of warm air, only a slight and therefore energy-efficient support of this airflow by the fan may generally be sufficient.

[0022] In some embodiments, a duct floor module can be arranged opposite the cover module on an underside facing away from the cover module, wherein the air duct can be formed by the cover module, the duct floor module, and the fastening devices. In particular, in such embodiments, the duct floor module can be attached to the fastening devices or applied to the building facade and / or the building roof.

[0023] In such embodiments, it can thus be provided that the air duct is not directly delimited by the building façade and / or the building roof, but is delimited at the bottom by a duct floor module. For example, such a duct floor module can be designed as an insulating module in order to provide an additional insulating layer for the building façade and / or the building roof. Alternatively, the duct floor module can also be designed, for example, as a reflective surface that reflects solar radiation, as explained in more detail below.

[0024] The duct floor module can, for example, be attached directly to the fastening devices, so that the fastening devices can hold the cover module on the one hand, in particular on an upper side, and the duct floor module on the other hand, between which the air cushion is formed. As an alternative to attaching the duct floor module to the fastening devices, it can also be provided that the duct floor module can be attached directly to the building facade and / or the building roof, for example by attaching, for example, a reflective foil or a reflective sheet to the building facade and / or the building roof before attaching the fastening devices.

[0025] In some embodiments, the cover module may comprise at least one solar panel designed to convert solar radiation into electrical energy.

[0026] In particular, it can thus be provided that the air cushion is enclosed or can be enclosed between the building façade and / or the building roof and an underside of one or more solar panels, so that an air flow flowing through the air duct can be guided along the underside of the solar panel. Solar panels can generally be attached to a building roof and / or a building façade in order to generate renewable energy on the building and use this to supply the building with energy. By arranging one or more such solar panels as cover modules on the module array, which forms an air duct, previously untapped synergy effects with regard to the energy balance of the building can be achieved.On the one hand, heat generated by the solar panel can be dissipated with the air flow in the air duct, so that the solar panel can be cooled and thereby its efficiency increased, whereby the heated air cushion can also improve the building's insulation. On the other hand, the air heated by the solar panel in the air duct can, for example, be fed back into an (air / water) heat pump communicating with the air duct in order to improve its operating point compared to a supply of cold outside air and thereby increase its efficiency. So that the heat generated by the solar panels and which is conventionally not only unused but even reduces the efficiency of the solar panel in question can be used in a variety of ways in such embodiments to improve the energy balance of the building.

[0027] In addition, the air cushion, which is warmer than the outside air at cold temperatures, particularly due to any building losses and / or due to a connection to an air-ground collector, can also serve to warm any snow lying on the solar panel that prevents solar radiation from reaching it, thereby helping the snow slide off and freeing the solar panel. This can also further contribute to increased efficiency, especially in winter.

[0028] In principle, the module array can comprise several solar panels arranged one behind the other, with a gap between the mounting devices being completely equipped with solar panels. However, depending on the mounting location of the module array, it may also be possible, for example, to equip only sections of the module array intended for attachment to a building roof with solar panels, while other, perhaps exclusively insulating, cover modules are provided on a building facade. Furthermore, for example, module arrays intended for installation on a north-facing side of the building may not have any solar panels attached.

[0029] In some embodiments, the module array may comprise several solar panels attached one behind the other to the fastening devices. For example, such solar panels may generally be of a standard size, so that a number of solar panels can be attached to the fastening devices until an interior space between the fastening devices is completely populated with solar panels. Any overhang of the fastening devices, however, may be covered, for example, by another covering module.

[0030] Because the module array has the aforementioned fastening devices, the multiple solar panels can be pre-assembled, in particular, on the ground or in a production facility, rather than on the building roof or a building facade, which can also in principle be equipped with solar panels, in order to then attach the entire module array to the building roof or building facade in a single assembly step. This can reduce the effort required to install the module arrays, and in particular, module arrays functioning as solar systems, compared to conventional solutions, which in turn can further reduce the costs of installing the module arrays.Such cost savings can, on the one hand, make it cheaper to build energy-efficient new buildings and, on the other hand, lead to investments in retrofitting existing buildings being amortised more quickly, so that installing such a system on a building can be attractive and sensible in both cases.

[0031] In some embodiments, the system may include a control device for the solar panels configured to connect the solar panels in parallel or in series depending on an output voltage of the module array.

[0032] When connecting multiple solar panels, it can generally or conventionally be intended to operate the solar panels in parallel to prevent any shading of one of the multiple solar panels from limiting the overall power achievable in the module array with multiple solar panels. However, if the output voltage generated at the module array decreases in the evening, for example because all of the solar panels are connected due to the lower incidence of radiation, a series connection may be preferable in order to increase the output voltage at the module array. This allows a charge controller and / or inverter to continue operating and thus any residual radiation energy that can still be generated or a portion of diffuse radiation energy to be utilized up to the physical operating point of the solar panels or their individual solar cells.However, if the parallel circuit remains, the output voltage may fall below the minimum voltage required to operate the inverter, meaning that any residual radiation still reaching the solar panel can no longer be utilized. In a sense, such switching can increase the amount of time during which electrical energy can be converted at the solar panel.

[0033] A similar approach can be used, for example, on cloudy days, when all solar panels may be connected, or on winter days with low sun. Conversely, individual solar panels can also be disconnected from a series, for example, to prevent exceeding the maximum voltage permitted for operating an inverter in the module array, which in turn could lead to a loss of usable radiant energy. Configuring the control device to switch between a generally preferred parallel connection and a series connection can therefore further increase the efficiency of the module array and its solar panels.

[0034] Such switching between a parallel and a series connection can also be achieved, particularly due to the arrangement of the solar panels in a common module array and between the respective mounting devices, as the solar panels can thus be mounted in close proximity to one another. Furthermore, the wiring and arrangement of the necessary components can be conveniently carried out during pre-assembly on the ground or in a production facility, before the entire module array is mounted on the building, so that the corresponding, potentially detailed and complex work does not have to be carried out directly on the building facade or on the roof.

[0035] Such a pre-assembly approach can fundamentally enable serial production processes and also contribute to quality assurance, as module arrays of consistent quality can always be delivered and only need to be attached to the building façade and / or roof, without the assembly of components directly on the building façade or roof leading to quality losses or fluctuations. Furthermore, the possibility of simple assembly can reduce the costs of constructing the system described here or entire prefabricated house walls and / or roof structures.

[0036] In some embodiments, the solar panel can be designed with bifacial surfaces. In such embodiments, it can therefore be provided that solar radiation that initially only passes through the solar panel, for example solar radiation passing through translucent surfaces between wafers of the solar panel, can be used to generate electrical energy on a rear side of the solar panel, provided that this solar radiation is reflected and strikes the solar panel at the rear. Such a solar panel can therefore be designed, in particular, both on a front side facing away from the building facade and / or the building roof and on a rear side facing the building facade and / or the building roof, with surfaces that are active with regard to the conversion of solar radiation into electrical energy.

[0037] In some embodiments, a solar radiation-reflecting reflective surface can be arranged on an underside of the module array opposite the solar panel. This reflective surface is designed to reflect solar radiation passing through the solar panel onto a rear surface of the bifacial surfaces facing the reflective surface. In particular, the reflective surface can be attached to the fastening devices or applied to the building facade and / or the building roof. In this respect, the reflective surface can also form a component of the aforementioned channel floor module.

[0038] By arranging such a reflective surface on the underside opposite the solar panel, the proportion of solar radiation initially passing through the solar panel and reflected onto the back of the solar panel can be increased, thereby increasing the efficiency of the solar panel with regard to generating electrical energy. Furthermore, the reflective surface can, in particular, form a component, such as a surface facing the solar panel, of the aforementioned duct base module, by which the air duct formed by the module array can be closed off at an underside. For this purpose, the reflective surface can, for example, be held on the fastening devices or - for example as an adhesive film or a reflective sheet - be attached directly to the building facade and / or the building roof.

[0039] In some embodiments, the cover module, in particular a solar panel, can have translucent surfaces, wherein the air cushion can be heated by solar radiation passing through the translucent surfaces. In particular, the air cushion can be heated by solar radiation passing through the translucent surfaces and striking a reflective surface arranged on an underside opposite the solar panel.

[0040] In principle, radiation can pass through such translucent surfaces, allowing an area beneath the cover module to be heated. Solar panels, in particular, can have such translucent surfaces between the respective wafers of the solar panel, although radiation passing through such translucent surfaces cannot be used to generate energy in conventional systems.

[0041] By arranging the module array with the air duct, however, it is possible to heat the air cushion located in the air duct by the radiation passing through it, which strikes a floor of the air duct and, for example, the building façade, the building roof, a reflective surface such as a reflective foil or sheet, a wall insulation compound, or a roof insulation layer, particularly with a reflective coating, so that this thermal energy can contribute to improved building insulation. Alternatively or additionally, the radiant energy lost in conventional systems can also—in the embodiments explained above and designed with an air-to-water heat pump—improve the operating point of an (air-to-water) heat pump by heating the air cushion, for example, thus also contributing in several ways to a more efficient energy balance of the building.

[0042] In some embodiments, the system may comprise a facade cladding that can be attached directly to the building facade and to which the fastening devices can be attached. The facade cladding may further form an insulating / storage mass for the building facade and, for example, may be formed, in particular, from solid bricks. The building facade may therefore, in particular, comprise solid bricks and the intermediate material required to connect the solid bricks.

[0043] In such embodiments, it can be provided that a facade cladding is first attached to the building façade, in particular to the façade of an existing building or a building already completed up to the façade level, as an insulating / storage mass, to which the fastening devices and, above them, the module array can be attached. In such embodiments, the module arrays can therefore be indirectly attached to the building façade via the fastening devices by first covering the building façade with the facade cladding and then attaching the fastening devices to the facade cladding.

[0044] In particular, the facade cladding can be made of a relatively high-density material, for example, solid bricks, in order to provide a large mass with which the facade can be clad or surrounded. Due to the inertia of such a large-mass facade cladding with respect to temperature fluctuations, improved insulation of the building can also be achieved. Such a facade cladding can also be provided, in particular, in conjunction with the aforementioned cover modules with translucent surfaces, so that the facade cladding can be heated on an outer side during the day, for example by solar radiation passing through the cover module or its translucent surfaces. Such heating can also be achieved, for example, by heat dissipated by solar panels.Due to the inertia of the facade cladding with regard to temperature fluctuations, heat absorbed on the outside can be slowly transferred to the inside of the facade cladding, which faces the building facade. This means that in the evening, when the outside temperature cools down and cooling of the building must be prevented, the heat absorbed during the day can be released from the facade cladding to the building. In this respect, the building can be heated automatically or without control measures when required, while overheating of the building during the day can be avoided. In addition, the heat emitted by the facade cladding can be radiant heat, allowing heat to be released over a large area to create a pleasant feeling of warmth in the interior of the building.

[0045] In this respect, in some embodiments, the facade cladding can be particularly capable of absorbing solar radiation passing through translucent surfaces of the cover module.

[0046] By arranging the module fields on the outside of the facade cladding, it can also be ensured that this outside is not exposed to weather influences and in particular to wind, so that temperature losses or large temperature gradients between an inside of the facade cladding and an outside of the facade cladding can be avoided.

[0047] In some embodiments, a plurality of heating pipes of a heater can be provided on a side of the facade cladding facing away from the air duct, through which a heating fluid can be passed and which can extend, in particular, substantially horizontally and / or parallel to one another. The temperature of the heating fluid can be adjustable and / or regulated by a control device, wherein the control device of the heater can be designed, in particular, to adjust and / or regulate the temperature as a function of the temperature of the facade cladding. For this purpose, a corresponding temperature sensor can also be provided, which can be arranged, for example, on an inner side of the facade cladding.

[0048] In particular, the control device of the heating system can be designed to keep the temperature of the facade cladding uniformly stable by controlling and / or regulating the temperature.

[0049] For example, several heating pipes can be attached or attachable to the side of the facade cladding facing away from the air duct—in particular, an inner side—which can be spaced approximately 0.5 m apart. The heating pipes can therefore be arranged, in particular, in a space between the building facade and the facade cladding. Such heating pipes can be used to regulate the temperature of the facade cladding in order to maintain this temperature at a constant desired level and thus prevent heat loss from the interior of the building.Due to the inertia of the facade cladding with regard to temperature changes, no significant heating of the heating fluid is required; rather, it may be sufficient, for example, to keep the heating fluid at a temperature between 20 and 22°C in order to keep the temperature of the facade cladding - and thus of the building wall - in a predetermined or specifiable range that is useful for insulating the building.

[0050] In particular, such a low heating fluid temperature can be sufficient compared to conventional underfloor or wall heating systems, since the facade cladding provides an insulating storage mass that is inert to temperature fluctuations and, compared to conventional floors or walls, large, which can store the provided heat more effectively. Again, operating the heating system in this way with low heating fluid temperatures can not only reduce the energy requirement of the heating system itself, but also achieve a further synergistic increase in efficiency, for example, by increasing the efficiency or effectiveness of a heat pump used to heat the heating fluid when the heating fluid is heated to only comparatively low temperatures.In particular, a heat pump can be operated in such a temperature range with a high COP (Coefficient of Performance), so that only a small amount of electrical energy, especially the electrical energy generated by a module array with solar panels, needs to be used to heat the heating fluid. Such purely solar heating operation, synergistically supported by the facade cladding, can therefore be maintained even in very low irradiation and, for example, into the winter months. Such designs can therefore heat the building in a novel way according to the (known) hypocaust principle.

[0051] In some embodiments, the module field can be designed to be water-repellent and / or waterproof against weather conditions.

[0052] In this respect, the module array in such embodiments can prevent weather-related water, for example in the form of rain, from hitting the building roof and / or the building facade. The module array can therefore also be used to replace a conventional building or roof covering, so that the module arrays can be attached to a building roof instead of roof tiles, for example. This can also result in material savings. In particular, an entire building roof, an entire building facade and / or both an entire building roof and an entire building facade - apart from windows and doors - can be provided with such module arrays. Such an approach can, on the one hand, enable maximum utilization of the explained efficiency increases and, on the other hand, eliminate the need for other materials or components for weather protection and insulation of the building.Therefore, in such buildings, several adjacent module fields can be provided, which can, to a certain extent, envelop the building.

[0053] In some embodiments, the module array can be arranged on the building so as to extend from the floor to the edge of the building roof or a roof ridge. In this respect, the fastening devices can in particular be designed to form an air duct from the floor to the ridge of the roof in order to be able to release warm air at the uppermost point of the building. Furthermore, it can be provided that two fastening devices of respective module arrays that follow one another in the longitudinal direction can be connected to one another in order, for example, to be able to bridge a bend that occurs at a transition from a building facade to a building roof. Therefore, a corresponding coupling module can be provided at such a point, for example, in order to be able to connect respective cover modules of module arrays that adjoin one another in the longitudinal direction and thereby, in particular, to achieve the aforementioned sealing.

[0054] In some embodiments, the length of the module array, in particular the fastening devices, can be adapted to the length of the building façade and / or the building roof. Alternatively or additionally, in some embodiments, the width of the module array, in particular the cover module, can correspond to a predetermined standard width.

[0055] In such embodiments, the fastening devices can therefore be manufactured in any length, allowing building roofs and / or building facades of any size to be equipped with such module arrays. The width of the module arrays, however, can be adapted, in particular, to standardized solar panels in order to allow them to be easily attached to the fastening devices.

[0056] The fastening devices can in particular form lateral rails for the cover modules.

[0057] In some embodiments, a length of the module array can be adapted as a multiple of a standard length of the cover module. In particular, a length of the fastening devices can be adapted as a multiple of the standard length of the cover module. Therefore, it can be provided that a length of the module array can be adapted to different needs of respective customers in a length grid that corresponds to a length of standardized cover modules, in particular standardized solar panels, by cover modules being able to be attached to the fastening devices until the desired length is reached. In addition, however, it can be provided that a length of the module array is additionally determined by a possibly required projection of the fastening devices beyond a respective first and / or last cover module of the module array and / or a possibly required distance between two adjacent cover modules.

[0058] In this respect, the fastening devices, in particular, can be manufactured as length-adjustable standard components that can be manufactured in the aforementioned length grid. This can also make it possible, in particular, to adapt the length of the module array to different building facades and / or roofs in order to cover a particular building facade and / or roof as completely as possible.

[0059] In some embodiments, the system may comprise a plurality of module arrays located adjacent to one another or capable of being arranged adjacent to one another.

[0060] Furthermore, in some embodiments, adjacent fastening devices of the plurality of module fields can be connected to one another by means of a quick-release fastener, in particular clamped to one another and / or clipped into one another. In such embodiments, it can therefore be provided to cover a building roof and / or a building facade with several adjacent module fields, wherein their formation with the fastening devices for holding the cover modules can in particular enable pre-assembly on the ground. After pre-assembly, for example, a first module field can be attached to the building roof and / or the building facade, whereupon an adjacent module field can be easily connected to the fastening device of the preceding module field by means of the quick-release fastener.For example, it may be provided that a fastening device of a subsequent module field is clamped to a fastening device of a module field already attached to the building façade and / or the building roof by means of a pivoting movement.

[0061] In some embodiments, the respective outlets of the air ducts of the module arrays can be combined to form a common air duct outlet. In some embodiments, the heated air flowing through the respective air ducts can be combined and, for example, fed to one inlet of an (air-to-water) heat pump to improve its operating point.

[0062] In some embodiments, the fastening devices can be connected to one another by at least one, in particular several, cross struts or in particular cross braces extending transversely to the longitudinal direction. In particular in the case of module fields that extend along the entire building façade and / or along the entire building roof, this can increase the stability of the module field and / or the fastening devices. In particular, the fastening devices connected to one another by cross struts can therefore form a stable, yet lightweight support structure in order to be able to easily attach a pre-assembled module field to a building façade and / or a building roof. In addition, such cross struts can also be used to support the cover modules and / or the channel floor modules opposite the cover modules and to stabilize them at the fastening devices.

[0063] The invention further relates to a system for efficient energy management in a building, in particular for the efficient use of renewable energies, wherein this system can be designed in particular according to one of the embodiments disclosed above. However, the system in question comprises at least one solar module with a solar panel, which has a supporting structure with a foundation that can be sunk into the ground to support the solar panel. The foundation comprises a heat exchanger.

[0064] The solar module can therefore be used not exclusively as an electrical generator, but also as a thermal-electrical generator, by providing a heat exchanger in the foundation to absorb and use or release heat. In particular, an already required component of the solar module, namely the foundation for safely supporting or installing the solar module, can be used to further contribute to energy generation and / or efficient energy use, as explained in more detail below. The support structure can, for example, comprise a rod to which the solar panel is attached, allowing it to be positioned in a garden or on another ground surface.

[0065] In some embodiments, the solar panel can comprise an orientable solar panel and a control device configured to adjust an angle of the solar panel depending on the position of the sun and / or the angle of incidence of the incident solar radiation. In such embodiments, the solar panel can therefore always be orientable such that the maximum possible proportion of the incident solar radiation hits the solar panel, thus enabling optimal performance, thus enabling the most efficient operation of the solar module.

[0066] In some embodiments, the solar panel may include thermal absorber components and photovoltaic components. The thermal absorber components may, in particular, be attached to a base of the solar panel in order to be able to increase the thermal energy yield in a targeted manner as needed.

[0067] In some embodiments, an outlet of the heat exchanger may be connected to the solar panel by a channel, wherein a fluid or gas conducted through the channel may be heated by heat generated at the solar panel.

[0068] Because the fluid or gas at the solar panel can be heated, heat can be dissipated from the solar panel through the channel in order to cool the solar panel and thereby increase the efficiency and / or effectiveness of the solar panel. The generated heat can, for example, be released via the heat exchanger on the floor in order to achieve continuous cooling of the solar panel. In some embodiments, an outlet of the channel can be connected to an inlet channel of a heat pump, in particular a brine-to-water heat pump. In such embodiments, it can thus be provided that the fluid or gas guided through the channel is initially used to cool the solar panel and thereby increase its efficiency, but in order to further use the heated fluid or gas to increase the operating point of the heat pump (in particular a brine-to-water heat pump).In this respect, the heat generated by the solar panel, which limits its efficiency, can not only be removed, but this excess heat, which is disruptive in conventional systems, can also be used to operate the heat pump (especially brine-to-water heat pumps) more efficiently. Again, this type of use allows for a smaller heat pump than conventional solutions, which can result in further cost savings.

[0069] In this respect, as already explained above for the system with module arrays mounted on a building façade and / or roof, this system also allows highly efficient use of solar energy by simultaneously generating and using electricity and heat in a single device – the solar module. Depending on the irradiation, the relative proportions of electricity and heat produced may vary, but it is ensured that at least one form of energy can be efficiently generated and provided at any given irradiation level.

[0070] An output channel of the heat pump, particularly a brine-to-water heat pump, can be connected to an inlet of the heat exchanger in some embodiments. In such embodiments, a circuit can be formed in which cold fluid discharged by the (brine-to-water) heat pump is fed to the heat exchanger and, via it, to the solar panel, where it is heated and then returned to the inlet of the (brine-to-water) heat pump. Furthermore, such a fluid can be heated at the heat exchanger located in the ground, whereby heat stored in the ground can be absorbed by the fluid.

[0071] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the outlet channel can be routed underground to the heat exchanger. Such an underground route allows the liquid to be heated during its transport from the outlet channel of the (brine / water) heat pump to the heat exchanger. Therefore, the outlet channel can be designed to be uninsulated or thermally insulated, at least in the underground section, in order to enable the greatest possible heat absorption. However, thermal insulation can be provided between the outlet of the channel at the solar panel and the inlet channel of the brine / water heat exchanger to prevent any heat loss during this transport.

[0072] In some embodiments, the system can comprise a plurality of solar modules, each with a respective, in particular orientable, solar panel, and a respective foundation with a heat exchanger, wherein the outputs of the heat exchangers can be connected to the inlet channel of the heat pump, in particular a brine-to-water heat pump. In such a system, electrical energy can thus be generated by a plurality of solar modules external to the building, each with an orientable solar panel, wherein the heat generated by all of the solar panels can be used specifically to improve the operating point of the (brine-to-water) heat pump, and conversely, cold fluid emitted by the (brine-to-water) heat pump can be used to cool the solar panels.

[0073] In particular, outputs of the heat exchangers can be fully energetically connected, i.e. both thermally and electrically, to the heat pump, in particular brine / water heat pump.

[0074] In general, in some embodiments, the systems explained above can comprise at least one storage device for storing electrical and / or thermal energy, in particular for storing excess electrical and / or thermal energy generated by solar panels. The proportion of electrical and / or thermal energy to be stored can also vary depending on the season.

[0075] Furthermore, in the systems described above, which comprise one or more solar panels and one or more heat pumps, it can be provided that the electrical energy generated by the solar panels is used (at least partially) to operate the heat pumps. Therefore, in some such embodiments, the solar panel(s) can be electrically connected to the heat pump(s), whereby a heat pump can be, for example, an air-to-water heat pump and / or a brine-to-water heat pump.

[0076] The invention further relates to a building with a system for efficient energy management in the building, in particular with a system for efficient use of renewable energies, according to one of the embodiments explained above.

[0077] In particular, this building can be provided with at least one air duct extending from a floor edge to a roof ridge, for example, to connect or enable the connection of an air-ground collector to the air duct and / or a heat pump, in particular an air-to-water heat pump. Furthermore, the building can have several adjacent module arrays. In a building with a basement, it can be provided that a free space is provided on the outside of a basement facade as a connecting duct in order to connect an air-ground collector to the air duct formed by the module array, and in particular to its lower entrance.

[0078] Furthermore, the invention relates to a module field system that can be attached to a building facade and / or a building roof and has at least a first module field and a second module field, wherein each of the module fields has a first fastening device and a second fastening device that extend parallel to one another in a longitudinal direction. Furthermore, each of the module fields comprises at least one cover module arranged between the fastening devices, and the fastening devices can be attached to the building facade and / or the building roof and are designed to support the cover module at a distance from the building facade and / or the building roof.The first fastening device of the first module field and the second fastening device of the second module field also form a quick-release fastener by means of which the first fastening device of the first module field and the second fastening device of the second module field can be connected to one another.

[0079] For example, such a module array system can enable the respective module arrays to be pre-assembled on the ground in order to then, for example, attach the first module array to the building roof or facade. The second, already pre-assembled module array can then be directly attached to the first fastening device of the first module array using the quick-release fastener and, for example, by clamping the second fastening device to the first fastening device of the first module array, thus enabling quick, uncomplicated, and therefore cost-effective installation. In particular, the first fastening device and the second fastening device can have corresponding clamping sections to form the quick-release fastener.

[0080] In some embodiments, the second fastening device of the first module field can be clipped and / or clamped onto the first fastening device of the second module field using the quick-release fastener, wherein the connection of the second fastening device of the second module field to the first fastening device of the first module field can, in particular, comprise a pivoting movement of the second module field. Therefore, in particular, for mounting the second module field, the second fastening device of the second module field can, for example, be brought into contact with the first fastening device of the first module field, while the first fastening device of the second module field is pivoted outward about a pivot axis extending parallel to the first module field.By pivoting in the first fastening device of the second module field, the quick-release fastener can then be closed, so that a secure connection of the module fields can be formed directly by arranging the second module field in the intended parallel alignment to the first module field.

[0081] The respective module fields can also be attached directly to the building façade and / or the building roof, for example by screwing the fastening devices to the building.

[0082] In some embodiments, the fastening devices may be designed as lateral rails.

[0083] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the fastening devices can be laterally closed, and the module fields can be designed to form a respective air channel enclosing an air cushion. In particular, the module fields can therefore be provided to form a system according to one of the embodiments explained above.

[0084] In some embodiments, the module arrays can be designed to be water-repellent and / or waterproof against weathering. In particular, the module array system can also be designed to be water-repellent and / or waterproof against weathering when the module arrays are connected to one another. In this respect, the quick-release fastener, in particular, can be designed to be water-repellent and / or waterproof to prevent liquid penetration at the connection points between the respective module arrays.

[0085] In some embodiments, it may be provided that several solar panels are arranged one behind the other as respective cover modules on each of the module fields.

[0086] The invention also relates to a module array that can be mounted on a sloping slope, a building façade, and / or a building roof, and that comprises two fastening devices extending parallel to one another in a longitudinal direction and at least two solar panels arranged between the fastening devices. The module array can be preassembled and, in the preassembled state, can be mounted on the sloping slope, the building façade, and / or the building roof. Because the module array can be preassembled in this way, the installation of the module array at the intended installation location, in particular a building façade, a building roof, and / or a sloping slope, can be facilitated, since only the preassembled module array needs to be mounted there, and the individual preassembly steps do not need to be carried out at such a difficult-to-access installation location.For example, the pre-assembled module field can be screwed to the building façade and / or roof or attached directly to a sloping slope using a ground anchor or ground dowel, without the need for any further complex assembly steps at the installation site.

[0087] In addition, the module array can be assembled in series, especially at a production facility, to enable standardized production. This can again lead to easier and faster assembly or production and also contribute to quality assurance. Overall, the possibility of such pre-assembly can thus simplify and accelerate the assembly of the module array, which can lead to corresponding cost savings.

[0088] In some designs, the solar panels can be plugged onto the mounting devices. Such plug-in connections, in particular, enable quick and uncomplicated assembly or pre-assembly, thus further minimizing the costs incurred during system installation.

[0089] In some embodiments, the fastening devices can be manufactured in a length grid that corresponds to an integer multiple of a standard length of the solar panels provided for the module array, wherein the multiple can correspond to a number of solar panels provided for the module array. Such manufacturing of the fastening devices can make it possible to individually adapt the module array to specific customer requirements within the length grid, for example in order to be able to cover building facades of different heights and / or building roofs of different lengths as completely as possible. In addition, however, it can be provided that a length of the fastening devices is extended compared to a pure multiple of the standard length by a possibly necessary overhang over a respective first solar panel and / or a respective last solar panel and / or respective spacer elements arranged between adjacent solar panels.

[0090] The module array can also be manufactured with a standard width determined by the solar panels, optionally with the fastening devices projecting laterally beyond the solar panels. In some embodiments, the solar panels can be designed with bifacial surfaces. A radiation-reflecting reflective surface can be arranged on an underside of the module array opposite the solar panels. This reflective surface is designed to reflect solar radiation passing through the solar panels onto a rear surface of the bifacial surfaces facing the reflective surface.

[0091] In particular, it can be provided that the reflective surface is held on the fastening devices and is attached to the fastening devices during the pre-assembly of the module array, so that the entire module array, with pre-assembled solar panels and pre-assembled reflective surfaces, can subsequently be attached directly to the slope, the building façade, and / or the building roof. As already explained, such a design of the solar panels with bifacial surfaces and the module array with a reflective surface can increase the efficiency of the solar panels, in particular by reflecting solar radiation passing through translucent surfaces of the solar panels from the reflective surface and thus also being able to be used to simultaneously generate electrical and thermal energy.

[0092] In some embodiments, the fastening devices can be connected to one another by at least one cross strut extending transversely to the longitudinal direction. As already explained, this can increase the stability of the module array, particularly during installation of the module array on the slope, the building facade, and / or the building roof, and / or provide a stabilized support for the solar panels.

[0093] In some embodiments, the solar panels of the pre-assembled module array can be interconnected. In this respect, the solar panels can be interconnected during the pre-assembly of the module array, so that this can be done not at the intended installation location, in particular on a slope, a building facade, and / or a building roof, but conveniently and quickly at a distance from such an installation location, for example, at a production facility and / or on the ground.

[0094] In some embodiments, the module array may further comprise a control device configured to connect the solar panels in parallel or in series depending on the output voltage of the module array. As already explained, such a module array can enable optimal and efficient use of the solar panels depending on the respective solar radiation. Therefore, the invention also fundamentally relates to a:

[0095] Module field which can be attached to a slope, a building facade and / or a building roof and which comprises two fastening devices extending parallel to one another in a longitudinal direction and at least two solar panels arranged between the fastening devices and a control device which is designed to connect the solar panels in parallel or in series depending on an output voltage of the module field.

[0096] In the module field, one or more of the features already explained above in connection with the respective systems or module field systems can also be implemented.

[0097] The invention further relates to a method for mounting a module array according to one of the embodiments explained above and / or a module array according to one of the embodiments explained above on a sloping slope, a building facade and / or a building roof. In the method, the module array is pre-assembled relative to the sloping slope, the building facade and / or the building roof, wherein for pre-assembly at least two solar panels are mounted between the fastening devices and in particular plugged onto the fastening devices. Furthermore, in the method, the pre-assembled module array is fastened, in particular screwed, to the sloping slope, the building facade, the building roof and / or elements of a prefabricated building.

[0098] As already explained, such pre-assembly of a module array can facilitate and thus accelerate the assembly of the module array overall, thus also reducing the costs of installing solar panels on a slope, building facade, and / or roof. In particular, only the almost completely pre-assembled module array needs to be installed on the slope, building facade, and / or roof, whereas preparatory pre-assembly activities can be conveniently performed at a production facility and / or on the ground.

[0099] Attaching the pre-assembled module array to elements of a prefabricated building can also provide a further advantage in that the module array can be attached directly to the prefabricated building element at a prefabricated building element production facility, so that the prefabricated building element can then be transported to a designated installation site with the module array already attached. At the installation site itself, no additional steps beyond the required assembly of the prefabricated building element are required to attach the module array to a building façade and / or roof of the prefabricated building, since the building façade or roof can be delivered as a prefabricated building element with the module array already installed.

[0100] In some embodiments, the fastening devices can be manufactured and / or provided with a length that corresponds to a whole-part multiple of a standard length of the solar panels intended for the module array, wherein the multiple corresponds to a number of solar panels intended for the module array. In this respect, the fastening devices, particularly as standard components, can be provided and / or manufactured specifically to meet specific customer requirements within such a length grid, although an overhang as already mentioned above may need to be taken into account if necessary.

[0101] In some embodiments, a solar radiation-reflecting reflective surface can be attached to the underside of the module array opposite the solar panels during pre-assembly. This can be provided, in particular, when solar panels with bifacial surfaces are attached to the fastening devices in order to increase the efficiency of the solar panels by reflecting solar radiation passing through the translucent surfaces of the solar panels onto the rear surfaces of the bifacial surfaces.

[0102] In some embodiments, the solar panels can be interconnected during pre-assembly, and a control device can be attached to the module array, which is designed to connect the solar panels in parallel or in series depending on the output voltage of the module array. As already explained, this can also increase the efficiency and, in particular, the proportion of time during which the solar panels can be used to generate electrical energy by adapting the circuit to the respective radiation conditions and thereby maintaining at least a minimum voltage required for the operation of a charge controller and / or inverter of the module array for as long as possible.This can also be made possible by pre-assembling the solar panels, as this means that the - potentially complex - wiring does not have to be carried out directly on the slope, the building façade and / or the building roof, but can be carried out conveniently at a distance from these installation locations.

[0103] In some embodiments, the solar panels can be attached to the fastening devices in such a way that the solar panels are attached to the slope, the building facade, and / or the building roof at a distance from the slope, the building facade, and / or the building roof, and an air cushion enclosed by an air duct formed by the module array is formed between the slope, the building facade, and / or the building roof and the solar panels. As already explained, such an air cushion can, in particular, contribute to the insulation of a building and / or to increasing the efficiency of the solar panels by cooling them, while simultaneously enabling waste heat utilization.

[0104] In addition, such an air cushion can also serve, for example, to heat the underside of the solar panels when the module array, and in particular the solar panels, are covered with snow, thereby causing the snow to slide off, so that the solar panels can in turn be kept accessible to incoming solar radiation. Therefore, the creation of such an air duct—in addition to the cooling of the solar panels already explained—can also be provided, especially when the module array is installed on a sloping slope. The solar energy temporarily stored in the soil of a sloping slope thanks to the structure of the module array can exhibit behavior comparable to that of the above-mentioned air-ground collector, enabling it to heat the air cushion even in the absence of solar radiation.

[0105] In some embodiments, an outlet of the air duct can be connected to an inlet duct of a heat pump, in particular an air-to-water heat pump. Alternatively or additionally, an inlet of the air duct can also be connected to an air-to-ground collector. Furthermore, in such embodiments, an outlet duct of the (air-to-water) heat pump can be connected, in particular, to the air-to-ground collector.

[0106] As already explained, a cycle can thus be created in particular in order to achieve the explained synergy effects with regard to the operation of the (air / water) heat pump (improvement of its operating point by supplying heated air), the insulation of the building (reduction of building losses and use of building losses for more efficient operation of the (air / water) heat pump) and the operation of the solar panels (cooling of the solar panels).

[0107] In some embodiments, after the module array has been attached to the slope, the building facade, and / or the building roof, another pre-assembled module array can be attached to the module array by closing a quick-release fastener formed by the fastening devices of the module arrays. In particular, this allows a module array system to be formed in a simple and quick manner in order to cover the largest possible area with solar panels. The respective outlets of air ducts of such module arrays can, if necessary, be routed to a common air duct outlet, for example, in order to be connected to an inlet duct of an (air / water) heat pump.

[0108] Furthermore, the method may include one or more of the steps already explained above in connection with the system for efficient energy management in a building.

[0109] The invention is explained below purely by way of example using an embodiment with reference to the drawings.

[0110] They show:

[0111] Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of two forming an overall system

[0112] Systems for efficient energy management in a building,

[0113] Fig. 2A to 2C are respective schematic representations of module fields with two respective fastening devices for supporting cover modules, which can be connected to one another by a quick-release fastener formed by the fastening devices, and

[0114] Fig. 3 shows a further schematic representation of a building facade to which such a module field is attached.

[0115] Fig. 1 shows a system 11 and a system 69 for efficient energy management in a building 13, wherein the systems 11 and 69 interact as an overall system in the embodiment shown.

[0116] The building 13 initially has a building facade 15 and a building roof 17, whereby the building facade 15 and the building roof 17 are enclosed or encased by various components of the system 11, so that the building facade 15 and the building roof 17 can be corresponding components of a shell and / or partially manufactured prefabricated house or even of an existing building 13, to which the system 11 can be installed or retrofitted. In particular, the system 11 has module fields 19 attached to the building facade 15 and the building roof 17, which enclose the building facade 15 and the building roof 17 above a floor edge 95, i.e. above ground. The building 13 can be completely enclosed above ground by the module fields 19 - apart from windows or doors - or module fields 19 can be provided on the building 13 only in sections.

[0117] As further illustrated in particular in Fig. 2A, a respective module array 19 has two lateral fastening devices 21 and 24, which are designed as lateral rails. The fastening devices 21 and 24 extend parallel to one another and along a longitudinal direction L, which is aligned parallel to a roof surface for module arrays 19 positioned on the building roof 17 and parallel to a facade surface for module arrays 19 positioned on the building facade 15 (see Fig. 1). As can also be seen from Fig. 2A, the fastening devices 21 and 24 are designed to fasten at least one respective cover module 23, which can in particular be a solar panel 25, to the building roof 17 or the building facade 15 at a distance from the building roof 17 or the building facade 15 (see also Fig. 1).

[0118] In particular, however, as shown in Fig. 3, the fastening devices 21 and 24 can be designed to hold a plurality of cover modules 23 or solar panels 25 arranged one after the other in the longitudinal direction L, so that a length of the module field 19 and its fastening devices 21 and 24 can be adapted, in particular, in a length grid predetermined by a standard length of a cover module 23, in order to be able to cover the building facade 15 and / or the building roof 17 as completely as possible.

[0119] In order to be able to envelop the building 13 as completely as possible, the fastening devices 21 and 24 have a respective clamping section 63 and 65, respectively, so that adjacent module fields 19 and 20 can be easily connected to one another. Fig. 2B illustrates that the clamping section 63 of the first fastening device 21 of a first module field 19 and the clamping section 65 of a second fastening device 24 of a second module field 20 form a quick-release fastener 61, wherein the second fastening device 24 can be fastened to the first fastening device 21 by a pivoting movement S using the quick-release fastener 61, in that the two clamping sections 65 and 63 are clamped together by the pivoting movement S. As Fig. 2C illustrates, adjacent module fields 19 and 20 can thereby be easily connected to one another and thus form a module field system 26.In particular, the design of such module fields 19 and 20 can make it possible to pre-assemble the module fields 19 and 20 on the ground or in a production facility and to arrange the cover modules 23, in particular solar panels 25, between the respective fastening devices 21 and 24 of a respective module field 19 and 20. A first module field 19 can then, for example, be mounted on the building facade 15 or the building roof 17 and, in particular, screwed thereto, whereupon an adjoining module field 20 can be fastened to the already assembled module field 19 by closing the quick-release fastener 61 and clamping the clamping sections 63 and 65. The second module field 20 can then, for example, be screwed to the building roof 17 or the building facade 15 and thereby secured.In the course of pre-assembly, in particular several solar panels 23 of a module field 19 or 20 can be interconnected and connected to a control device 47, as will be explained in more detail below.

[0120] In particular, the module fields 19 and 20 can be delivered to the building 13 in a pre-assembled state so that they can then be installed immediately.

[0121] Furthermore, it can be seen from Figs. 2A to 2C that the fastening devices 21 and 24 are closed laterally, so that the module fields 19 and 20 form a respective air duct 29 after fastening to the building 13 and an air cushion 27 can be enclosed between the cover modules 23 and the building roof 17 or the building facade 15 (see also Figs. 1 and 3).

[0122] In particular, such an air cushion 27 can be used to insulate or isolate the building 13, as an outer side of the building facade 15 or the building roof 17 is not exposed to weather influences such as wind, but is decoupled from the ambient air and shielded by the air cushion 27. In addition, the module fields 19 and 20 as well as the module field system 26 formed from the module fields 19 and 20 can be water-repellent and / or waterproof against weather influences and, for example, rain, so that the ingress of liquid into the air duct 27 is prevented and the building facade 15 and the building roof 17 can be protected against ingress of moisture. The module fields 19 and 20 or the module field system 26 can therefore also replace a conventional building skin for shielding a building from the weather influences. In addition, Fig.1, an upper outlet 31 of the air duct 29 is connected to an inlet duct 35 of an air-to-water heat pump 37. The air in the air duct 29 can be heated by heat escaping from the building 13 and / or solar radiation R emitted by the sun 97 striking the cover modules 23, so that the heated air is automatically directed toward the roof ridge 33 and thus to the upper outlet 31 of the air duct 29. An air flow V in the air duct 29 can thus automatically lead upwards toward the roof ridge 33 (see also Fig. 3). This makes it possible to provide heated air to the air / water heat pump 37 at the inlet duct 35, so that the air / water heat pump 37 can operate with warmer air compared to the outside air, particularly at cold outside temperatures, and an operating point of the air / water heat pump 37 can be improved, which can lead to more efficient operation of the air / water heat pump 37.

[0123] Furthermore, an outlet duct 43 of the air-to-water heat pump 37 is connected to an air-to-ground collector 41, which in turn is connected to a lower inlet 39 of the air duct 29. This ensures that cold air discharged by the air-to-water heat pump 37 through the outlet duct 43 is already heated in the air-to-ground collector 41 in order to be fed, in a heated state—if necessary after further heating on the outside of the building facade 15 and / or the building roof 17—to the inlet duct 35 of the air-to-water heat pump 37. Furthermore, fans 45 are provided to assist, if necessary, air flow through the air duct 29 and the provision of warm air at the inlet duct 35.Furthermore, the respective air ducts 29 formed by individual module fields 19 and 20 next to one another can in particular lead to a common air duct outlet 67, so that all collected warm air can be directed into the inlet duct 35 of the air / water heat pump 37.

[0124] As already mentioned, the cover modules 23 can be designed in particular as solar panels 25, wherein several solar panels 25 can be attached one behind the other to the fastening devices 21 and 24. By forming the air duct 29 beneath the solar panels 23, cooling of the solar panels 23 can also take place, thereby increasing their efficiency. Furthermore, heat dissipated by the solar panels 23 can in turn be used to improve the building insulation and to heat the air guided in the air duct 29 in order to provide heated air to the air / water heat pump 37 at the inlet duct 35 and thereby improve its efficiency. The system 11 thus enables both the solar panels 25 and the air / water heat pump 37 to be operated with increased efficiency through the air duct 29. Fig.2A also schematically illustrates that translucent surfaces 49 can be formed on the cover modules 23 and in particular the solar modules 25, through which solar radiation R can pass. While the corresponding radiant energy remains unused in conventional systems, this energy can also be used specifically in the system 11 to heat the air guided into the air duct 29 (as well as the building facade 15) and thereby operate the air / water heat pump 37 more efficiently and improve the building insulation.

[0125] Furthermore, in the module array 19 illustrated in Fig. 2A, the solar panel 25 held on the fastening devices 21 and 24 is designed with bifacial surfaces 103, so that a rear surface of the solar panel 25 facing the building facade 15 and / or the building roof 17 in the assembled state can also be designed as an active surface and to generate electrical energy from incident solar radiation R. This makes it possible to use solar radiation R passing through the translucent surfaces 49 but reflected on an underside 99 of the module array 19 to generate electrical energy, thereby again increasing the efficiency of the solar panel 25 (see also Fig. 3).

[0126] Furthermore, a reflection surface 105 reflecting solar radiation R is attached to the fastening devices 21 and 24 on the underside 99 as a duct floor module 101 in order to increase the proportion of solar radiation R reflected and incident on the bifacial surfaces 103 arranged on the rear side of the solar panel 25, whereby an increase in efficiency can also be achieved in this way. The duct floor module 101 also forms a bottom of the air duct 29, so that the air cushion 27 can be formed between the duct floor module 101 and the solar panel 25. Alternatively, however, it can also be provided that the air duct 29 is directly delimited on the underside 99 by the building facade 15 and / or the building roof 17. In addition, a reflection surface 105 can also be attached directly to the building facade 15 and / or the building roof 17, for example as an adhesive film and / or a sheet, for example also as an adhesive sheet.The duct floor module 101 can also be attached to the fastening devices 21 and 24, for example, during pre-assembly.

[0127] Fig. 2C further illustrates that one or more cross braces 107 can be attached to the module array 19 in order to connect the fastening devices 21 and 24 to one another transversely to the longitudinal direction L and thereby increase the stability of the module array 19. Furthermore, Fig. 1 shows that the system 11 comprises the already mentioned control device 47, which is designed to connect the solar panels 25 arranged one behind the other on a respective module array 19 in parallel or in series depending on an output voltage of the respective module array 19 in order to be able to utilize the electrical power to be achieved by the module array 19 by switching from a parallel to a series connection, for example in the event of reduced light incidence on all solar panels 25.

[0128] Furthermore, the system 11 provides for the actual building façade 15 to be enclosed by a façade cladding 51, which is formed, for example, from solid bricks 53 and thus forms an insulating / storage mass 55 for further insulation of the building 13 as well as an inert storage mass for storing thermal energy. Therefore, in the embodiment shown, the fastening devices 21 of the module arrays 19 and 20 can be attached directly to this façade cladding 51 and thus indirectly to the building façade 15.

[0129] The facade cladding 51, as an insulating storage mass 55, offers another option for insulating an interior space of building 13. The large insulating storage mass 55 is inert to temperature fluctuations and can also absorb and temporarily store direct solar radiation via the translucent surfaces 49. Furthermore, an outer side of the facade cladding 51 is protected from weather influences and thus from temperature fluctuations by the air cushion 27, which further stabilizes the temperature of the facade cladding 51.

[0130] In order to keep the temperature of the facade cladding 51 constant and / or controllable, a plurality of horizontally and parallel heating pipes 57 of a heater are provided on an inner side of the facade cladding 51 facing away from the air duct 29, wherein the temperature of a heating fluid conveyed through the heating pipes 57 can be controlled and / or regulated by a control device 59. Such heating pipes 57 can control and / or keep the temperature of the facade cladding 51 constant in order to minimize heat losses from the building 13 and to simultaneously heat and / or keep the building 13 warm according to the hypocaust principle. Furthermore, the facade cladding 51 can be heated by heat emitted by the cover modules 23 or the solar modules 25 and / or by solar radiation R passing through translucent surfaces 49 in order to increasingly release this heat to the building 13.While the module arrays 19 and 20 in the embodiment shown here are attached to the building facade 15 and the building roof 17, the module arrays 19 and 20 are also suitable for installation on a slope, wherein the module arrays 19 and 20 can again be pre-assembled first so that they can then be quickly and easily attached to the slope using one or more ground anchors or ground dowels. In this case, too, a design with an air duct 29 and / or a connection to an air-ground collector 41 can be provided, since the heated air of the air cushion 27 can also promote the sliding of snow, for example, in order to minimize interruption to the operation of the solar panels 25 in the event of snow cover.At the same time, the soil mass beneath the cover modules 23 or the solar panels 25, similar to the aforementioned facade cladding 51, can also be heated by direct solar radiation R passing through translucent surfaces 49 and function as an intermediate storage medium to largely prevent the freezing of the module arrays 19 or 20 as well as the adhesion of snow. Furthermore, the air heated in the air cushion 27 (even when the module array 19, 20 is mounted on a slope) can also be used as an additional heat source, e.g., for a heat pump.

[0131] The further system 69 comprises, in particular, two solar modules 71, each of which has a solar panel 73 that can be aligned by a respective control device 75, in order to always align the solar panel 73 in an optimal orientation to the incident solar radiation R. Furthermore, the solar modules 71 each have a support structure 77, by which the respective solar panel 73 can be supported on the ground. For reliable positioning of the solar modules 71, the support structures 77 have a foundation 79 that can be sunk into the ground and on which a heat exchanger 81 is arranged.

[0132] An outlet 82 of the respective heat exchanger 81 is connected to a channel 83, which runs along the respective solar panel 73 in order to again cool the solar panel 73 and thereby improve the efficiency of the solar panel 73. Furthermore, an outlet 85 of the channel 83 is connected to an inlet channel 87 of a brine-to-water heat pump 89, so that heat released by the respective solar panel 73 to the fluid carried in the channel 83 can in turn be used to provide the brine-to-water heat pump 89 with warmer inlet fluid in order to improve the operating point of the brine-to-water heat pump 89. The solar panel 73 can also be designed as a module field and contain both cooled photovoltaic surface components and targeted additional thermal absorber components.The latter can therefore be mounted, in particular, on the floor of the module field in order to be able to increase the thermal energy yield in a targeted manner as needed. An outlet channel 91 of the brine-to-water heat pump 89 is further connected to an inlet 93 of the heat exchanger 81 and is routed underground, so that the fluid in the outlet channel 91 can be heated during its journey to the heat exchanger 81. Therefore, the outlet channel 91 can be routed underground, in particular uninsulated and / or uninsulated, whereas the inlet channel 87, through which warmer fluid is moved to the brine-to-water heat pump 89, can be insulated.

[0133] The electrical power generated by the solar panels 23 or 73 can be used in particular to operate the air / water heat pump and / or the brine / water heat pump 89, so that overall a highly efficient use of the renewable energies thus obtained can be achieved.

[0134] In summary, the system described above for Building 13 not only provides an energy generator and energy loss protection, but also comprehensive weather protection, enables air conditioning and dehumidification, and offers moisture protection. Furthermore, the module arrays can be used as a long-term façade and roof level, so that Systems 11 and 69 can contribute enormously to sustainability and cost minimization over time.

[0135] A core of these systems 1 1 and 69 is the exploitation of the potentials and possibilities available in existing site conditions and technologies, but which have so far not been used, beyond their standardised use, by combining them with one another in accordance with the laws of physics and interconnecting and using them in a way that increases efficiency.

[0136] Examples of such intelligent interconnection and previously unused synergy effects include the connection of the air duct 29 to the inlet duct 35 of the air / water heat pump 37 to improve its operating point, or the design of the solar panel 73 of the system 69 with the heat exchanger 81 in the foundation 79 to enable the solar panel 73 to be used as a thermal-electric generator and / or to improve its operating point by connecting it to the brine / water heat pump 89. Furthermore, solar radiation R passing through translucent surfaces 49 can be used to heat the facade cladding 51 and the air cushion 27, for example, and / or to be reflected back onto bifacial surfaces 103 by reflective surfaces 105, thus supporting and stabilizing the building's heating and / or further minimizing building losses.In particular, at least one air duct 29 surrounding building 13 thus generates the explained, linked usage possibilities of the described synergy effects, for example, in conjunction with the ground-source air collector 41 and a discharge point for the heated air located at the top of building 13. The consistent construction of the corresponding insulation levels (in the roof area with lightweight and reflective elements and in the facade area with adjustable insulation masses) in conjunction with the module fields 19 and 20 enables the highest level of efficient energy management of building 13. Any additional energy requirements beyond this can be compensated as needed by system 69, which functions according to a fundamentally similar concept and aims to exploit synergy effects.

[0137] Bezu a szeichenliste

[0138] 11 Systems

[0139] 13 buildings

[0140] 15 Building facade

[0141] 17 Building roof

[0142] 19 Module field

[0143] 20 module field

[0144] 21 Fastening device

[0145] 23 Cover module

[0146] 24 Fastening device

[0147] 25 solar panels

[0148] 26 module field system

[0149] 27 air cushions

[0150] 29 Air duct

[0151] 31 upper exit

[0152] 33 roof ridge

[0153] 35 input channels

[0154] 37 Air / water heat pump

[0155] 39 lower entrance

[0156] 41 Air ground collector

[0157] 43 Output channel

[0158] 45 fan

[0159] 47 Control device

[0160] 49 translucent surface

[0161] 51 Facade cladding

[0162] 53 solid bricks

[0163] 55 Insulating storage mass

[0164] 57 heating pipes

[0165] 59 Control device

[0166] 61 quick release

[0167] 63 clamping section

[0168] 65 clamping section

[0169] 67 Air duct outlet

[0170] 69 System

[0171] 71 solar module

[0172] 73 adjustable solar panel

[0173] 75 Control device

[0174] 77 Supporting structure

[0175] 79 Foundation

[0176] 81 heat exchangers

[0177] 83 Channel

[0178] 85 Exit of the channel

[0179] 87 input channel

[0180] 89 brine / water heat pump

[0181] 91 Output channel

[0182] 93 Heat exchanger inlet

[0183] 95 floor edge

[0184] 97 Sun

[0185] 99 subpage

[0186] 101 Channel floor module

[0187] 103 bifacial surface

[0188] 105 Reflection surface

[0189] 107 Cross brace

[0190] L longitudinal direction

[0191] R Solar radiation S Swinging movement

[0192] V Airflow

Claims

Claims 1 . A system (11) for efficient energy management in a building (13), in particular for the efficient use of renewable energies, comprising at least one module field (19, 20) attachable to a building facade (15), a building roof (17), and / or a sloping slope, which module field comprises two fastening devices (21, 24) extending parallel to one another in a longitudinal direction (L) and at least one cover module (23) arranged between the fastening devices (21, 24), wherein the fastening devices (21, 24) are attachable to the building facade (15), the building roof (17), and / or the sloping slope and are designed to support the cover module (23) at a distance from the building facade (15), the building roof (17), and / or the sloping slope to form an air cushion (27) between the building facade (15), the building roof (17), and / or the sloping slope, and the cover module (23) at a distance from the building facade (15), the building roof (17), and / or the sloping slope. and wherein the fastening devices (21, 24) are laterally closed,wherein the module field (19, 20) is designed to form an air channel (29) enclosing the air cushion (27).

2. System (11) according to claim 1, wherein a, in particular upper, outlet (31) of the air duct (29) is connected to an inlet duct (35) of a heat pump, in particular an air / water heat pump (37), wherein the module field (19, 20) can be positioned on the building (13) in particular such that the outlet (31) can be arranged on an upper building roof section (17) and / or a roof ridge (33).

3. System (11) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein an inlet (39), in particular a lower inlet, of the air duct (29) is connected to an air ground collector (41).

4. System (11) according to claim 3, wherein an output channel (43) of the heat pump (37) is connected to the air-ground collector (41).

5. System (11) according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the system (11) comprises a fan (45) for driving an air flow (V) from the air ground collector (41) through the air duct (29).

6. System (11) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a duct floor module (101) opposite the cover module (23) is arranged on an underside (99) facing away from the cover module (23), wherein the air duct (29) is formed by the cover module (23), the duct floor module (101) and the fastening devices (21, 24), wherein the duct floor module (101) is in particular fastened to the fastening devices (21, 24) or is applied to the building facade (15), the building roof (17) and / or the sloping slope.

7. System (11) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the cover module (23) comprises at least one solar panel (25) which is designed to convert solar radiation (R) into electrical energy.

8. System (11) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the module field (19, 20) has a plurality of solar panels (25) fastened one behind the other to the fastening devices (21, 24).

9. System (11) according to claim 8, wherein the system (11) comprises a control device (47) for the solar panels (25), wherein the control device (47) is designed to connect the solar panels (25) in parallel or in series depending on an output voltage of the module array (19, 20).

10. System (11) according to one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the solar panel (25) is formed with bifacial surfaces (103).

11. System (11) according to claim 10, wherein a solar radiation (R) reflecting reflection surface (105) is arranged on an underside (99) of the module field (19, 20) opposite the solar panel (25), which reflection surface is designed to reflect solar radiation (R) passing through the solar panel (23) onto a rear surface of the bifacial surfaces (103) facing the reflection surface (105), wherein the reflection surface (105) is in particular fastened to the fastening devices (21, 24) or applied to the building facade (15) and / or the building roof (17).

12. System (11) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the cover module (23) has translucent surfaces (49), wherein the air cushion (27) can be heated by solar radiation (R) passing through the translucent surfaces (49).

13. System (11) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the system (11) has a facade cladding (51) which can be attached directly to the building facade (15) and to which the fastening devices (21, 24) can be fastened, wherein the facade cladding (51) forms an insulating / storage mass (55) for the building facade (15), wherein the facade cladding (51) is formed in particular from solid bricks (53).

14. System (11) according to claim 13, wherein on a side of the facade cladding (51) facing away from the air duct (29) a plurality of heating pipes (57) of a heater are attached, in particular extending parallel to one another and / or substantially horizontally, through which a heating fluid can be passed, wherein a temperature of the heating fluid can be set and / or regulated by a control device (59) of the heater, in particular wherein the control device (59) of the heater is designed to set and / or regulate the temperature as a function of a temperature of the facade cladding (51).

15. System (11) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the module field (19, 20) is designed to be water-repellent and / or waterproof against weather conditions.

16. System (11) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the module field (19, 20) can be arranged on the building (13) extending from a floor edge (95) to a roof ridge (33).

17. System (11) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a length of the module field (19, 20), in particular of the fastening devices (21, 24), is adaptable to a length of the building facade (15), the building roof (17) and / or the sloping slope and / or wherein a width of the module field (19, 20), in particular of the cover module (23), corresponds to a predetermined standard width.

18. System (11) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a length of the module field (19, 20) is adaptable as a multiple of a standard length of the cover module (23).

19. System (11) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the system (11) comprises a plurality of adjacent module fields (19, 20).

20. System (11) according to claim 19, wherein adjacent fastening devices (21, 24) of the plurality of module fields (19, 20) can be connected to one another by a quick-release fastener (61), in particular can be clamped to one another and / or clipped into one another.

21. System (11) according to claim 19 or 20, wherein respective outlets (31) of the air ducts (29) of the module fields (19, 20) are combined to form a common air duct outlet (67).

22. System (11) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the fastening devices (21, 24) are connected to one another by at least one cross strut (107) extending transversely to the longitudinal direction (L).

23. System (69) for efficient energy management in a building (13), in particular for the efficient use of renewable energies, in particular according to one of the preceding claims, comprising at least one solar module (71) with a solar panel (73), wherein the solar module (71) has a supporting structure (77) with a foundation (79) which can be sunk into the ground for supporting the solar panel (73), wherein the foundation (79) comprises a heat exchanger (81).

24. System (69) according to claim 23, wherein the solar panel (73) is alignable and the solar module (71) has a control device (75) which is designed to adjust an angle of the solar panel (73) depending on a position of the sun and / or an angle of incidence of incident solar radiation (R), 25. System (69) according to claim 23 or 24, wherein an outlet (82) of the heat exchanger (81) is connected to the solar panel (73) by a channel (83), wherein a fluid or gas guided through the channel (83) can be heated by heat generated at the solar panel (73).

26. System (69) according to claim 25, wherein an outlet (85) of the channel (83) is connected to an inlet channel (87) of a heat pump, in particular a brine / water heat pump (89).

27. System (69) according to claim 26, wherein an output channel (91) of the heat pump (89) is connected to an inlet (93) of the heat exchanger (81).

28. System (69) according to claim 27, wherein the outlet channel (91) is led underground to the heat exchanger (81).

29. System (69) according to one of claims 26 to 28, wherein the system (11) comprises a plurality of solar modules (71) with a respective, in particular orientable, solar panel (73) and a respective foundation (79) with heat exchanger (81), wherein outputs (82) of the heat exchanger (81) are connected to the inlet channel (87) of the heat pump (89).

30. Building (13) with a system (11, 69) for efficient energy management in the building (13), in particular for efficient use of renewable energies, according to one of the preceding claims.

31. A module field system (26) which can be attached to a building facade (15), a building roof (17), and / or a sloping slope and has at least a first module field (19) and a second module field (20), wherein each of the module fields (19, 20) has a first fastening device (21) and a second fastening device (24) which extend parallel to one another in a longitudinal direction (L), and wherein each of the module fields (19, 20) comprises at least one cover module (23) arranged between the fastening devices (21, 24), wherein the fastening devices (21, 24) can be attached to the building facade (15), the building roof (17), and / or the sloping slope and are designed to support the cover module (23) at a distance from the building facade (15), the building roof (17), and / or the sloping slope, and wherein the first fastening device (21) of the first module field (19) and the second fastening device (24) of the second module field (20) form a quick-release fastener (61) by means of which the first fastening device (21) of the first module field (19) and the second fastening device (24) of the second module field (20) can be connected to one another.

32. Module field system (26) according to claim 31, wherein the second fastening device (24) of the second module field (20) can be clipped and / or clamped onto the first fastening device (21) of the first module field (19) by the quick-release fastener (61), in particular wherein the connection of the second fastening device (24) of the second module field (20) to the first fastening device (21) of the first module field (19) comprises a pivoting movement (S) of the second fastening device (24) relative to the first fastening device (21).

33. Module field system (26) according to claim 31 or 32, wherein the fastening devices (21, 24) are designed as lateral rails.

34. Module field system (26) according to one of claims 31 to 33, wherein the fastening devices (21, 24) are laterally closed and the module fields (19, 20) are designed to form a respective air channel (29) enclosing an air cushion (27).

35. Module field system (26) according to one of claims 31 to 34, wherein the module fields (19, 20) are designed to be water-repellent and / or waterproof against weather loads, in particular wherein the module field system (26) is designed to be water-repellent and / or waterproof against weather loads when the module fields (19, 20) are connected to one another.

36. Module field system (26) according to one of claims 31 to 35, wherein at least one module field (19, 20) has a solar panel (25) as a cover module (23).

37. Module field (19, 20) which can be attached to a building facade (15), a building roof (17) and / or a sloping slope and which has two fastening devices (21, 24) extending parallel to one another in a longitudinal direction (L) and at least at least two solar panels (25) arranged between the fastening devices (21, 24), wherein the module field (19, 20) can be pre-assembled and, in the pre-assembled state, can be attached to the building facade (15), the building roof (17) and / or the sloping slope.

38. Module field (19, 20) according to claim 37, wherein the solar panels (25) can be plugged onto the fastening devices (21, 24).

39. Module field (19, 20) according to claim 37 or 38, wherein the fastening devices (21, 24) can be manufactured in a length grid which corresponds to an integer multiple of a standard length of the solar panels (23) provided for the module field (19, 20), wherein the multiple corresponds to a number of solar panels (23) provided for the module field (19, 20).

40. Module field (19, 20) according to one of claims 37 to 39, wherein the solar panels (23) are formed with bifacial surfaces (103), wherein a solar radiation (R) reflecting reflection surface (105) is arranged on an underside (99) of the module field (19, 20) opposite the solar panels (23), which reflection surface is designed to reflect solar radiation (R) passing through the solar panels (23) onto a rear surface of the bifacial surfaces (103) facing the reflection surface (105).

41. Module field (19, 20) according to one of claims 37 to 40, wherein the fastening devices (21, 24) are connected to one another by at least one cross strut (107) extending transversely to the longitudinal direction (L).

42. Module field (19, 20) according to one of claims 37 to 41, wherein the solar panels (23) of the pre-assembled module field (21, 24) are interconnected.

43. Module array (19, 20) according to claim 42, wherein the module array (19, 20) further comprises a control device (47) which is designed to connect the solar panels (25) in parallel or in series depending on an output voltage of the module array (19, 20).

44. A method for mounting a module field (19, 20) according to one of claims 37 to 43 and / or a module field system (26) according to one of claims 31 to 36 on a sloping slope, a building facade (15) and / or a building roof (17), in which the module field (19, 20) is initially pre-assembled at a distance from the sloping slope, the building facade (15) and / or the building roof (17), wherein for pre-assembly at least two solar panels (25) are mounted between the fastening devices (21, 24), in particular plugged onto the fastening devices (21, 24), and in which the pre-assembled module field (19, 20) is fastened, in particular screwed, to the sloping slope, the building facade (15), the building roof (17) and / or elements of a prefabricated house.

45. The method according to claim 44, wherein the fastening devices (21, 24) are manufactured and / or provided with a length which corresponds to an integer multiple of a standard length of the solar panels (25) provided for the module field (19, 20), wherein the multiple corresponds to a number of solar panels (25) provided for the module field (19, 20).

46. ​​Method according to claim 44 or 45, wherein, during the pre-assembly, a reflection surface (105) reflecting solar radiation (R) is attached to an underside (99) of the module array (19, 20) opposite the solar panels (25).

47. Method according to one of claims 44 to 46, wherein the solar panels (25) are interconnected during pre-assembly and wherein a control device (47) is attached to the module field (19, 20), which control device is designed to connect the solar panels (25) in parallel or in series depending on an output voltage of the module field (19, 20).

48. Method according to one of claims 44 to 47, wherein the solar panels (25) are fastened to the fastening devices (21, 24) in such a way that the solar panels (25) are fastened to the sloping slope, the building facade (15) and / or the building roof (17) at a distance from the sloping slope, the building facade (15) and / or the building roof (17) and an air cushion (27) enclosed by an air duct (29) formed by the module field (19, 20) between the sloping slope, the building facade (15) and / or the building roof (17) and the solar panels (25).

49. Method according to claim 48, wherein an outlet (31) of the air duct (29) is connected to an inlet duct (35) of a heat pump, in particular an air / water heat pump (37), and / or wherein an inlet (39) of the air duct (29) is connected to an air-ground collector (41), in particular wherein an outlet duct (43) of the heat pump (37) is connected to the air-ground collector (41).

50. Method according to one of claims 44 to 49, wherein after the module field (19, 20) has been attached to the slope, the building facade (15) and / or the building roof (17), a further pre-assembled module field (19, 20) is fastened to the module field (19, 20) by closing a quick-release fastener (61) formed by the fastening devices (21, 24).

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