Encapsulation comprising a transponder, construction element comprising the encapsulation, and method for mounting the encapsulation in a construction element

Abstract

The invention relates to an encapsulation comprising a transponder, to a construction element comprising the encapsulation, and to a method for mounting the encapsulation in a construction element. The encapsulation (1) comprises an oblong body formed by two flat end parts (11, 13) provided with respective fastening through-holes (16), and by a flat central part (12), and a transponder arranged inside the oblong body. The central part (12) has a thickness greater than the thickness of the end parts, as a result of which the central part has a flat surface (14) that protrudes in relation to the end parts. Gripping means in the form of an appendage (15) extending beyond the protruding surface are arranged in the central part. The construction element comprises an oblong opening (24) through which the encapsulation is mounted in a hollow profile of the element.

Description

[0001]

[0002] “A transponder package, a construction element comprising the package, and a method of mounting the package to the construction element”

[0003] Technical sector of the invention

[0004] The present invention relates to an encapsulation within which a transponder of an RFID system is placed. The encapsulation object of the invention comprises an oblong body formed by two flat end portions, provided with respective through holes for attaching the encapsulation to an element or structure on which the transponder has or may have the information, and by a flat central portion.

[0005] A second aspect of the invention relates to a construction element comprising at least one hollow profile with at least one outer side, the outer face of which faces the exterior of the construction element and the inner face of which faces the cavity of the hollow profile. Examples of construction elements are formwork panels and struts.

[0006] According to a third aspect, the invention relates to a method of mounting the encapsulation of the invention in a construction element of the type indicated above.

[0007] Background of the invention

[0008] The application of radio-frequency identification technology, known by its acronym RFID, has become essential in activities involving large movements of goods. It enables the unique identification and traceability of products in a supply chain using RFID transponders. This enables rapid and automatic tracking, identification, and location of products at all times, without having to get too close to the product. Remote data storage and retrieval is carried out using devices called RFID tags, cards, or transponders (RFID tags), in which digital data associated with the product carrying the device has been encoded, and by RFID readers that capture this data via radio waves.RFID tags or transponders are small, sticker-like devices that can be attached to or incorporated into the product being tracked and contain antennas that allow them to receive and respond to radio frequency requests from an RFID transmitter-receiver.

[0009] Another common term in RFID technology is the RFID "inlay," which consists of a small antenna and a small chip attached to it. The chip acts as a memory that can store small pieces of information. The inlay antenna, on the other hand, captures and uses the energy emitted by an external RFID reader to briefly activate the chip so it can send the information contained in its memory to the reader. Reading distances vary greatly depending on the RFID system used, the type of inlay, and the operating frequency.

[0010] Given the benefits of RFID technology, it is not surprising that its use has also been implemented in processes related to the rental and inventory of construction elements, such as scaffolding poles, props, and formwork panels, to improve asset control, the maintenance they undergo, and increase the reliability of the information they contain. To this end, various methods have been developed for attaching an RFID tag or transponder to construction elements. These tags contain information about the element in question and can be accessed by an operator equipped with a gun-shaped RFID reader, pointing it remotely at the construction element.

[0011] For example, Taiwanese utility model document TWM435489 U describes a system for attaching an RFID tag to a scaffolding pole, where the RFID tag is placed between the outer surface of the pole and a cap that is subsequently screwed on for attachment to the pole. In the case of the formwork panel rental process, this comprises various stages, such as the selection of the panels for preparation of the customer order, during which the panels are validated by reading the transponders, and their delivery by the supplier to the construction site. Once the formwork stripping work is completed, they are sent and received at the supplier's premises, which will identify them by reading and classify them according to their condition, determining whether they are in good condition and can be stored directly, whether they need to be repaired before storage, or if they are severely deteriorated, they will be decommissioned.

[0012] Patent document ES2372122 T3 discloses a formwork panel provided with several metal ribs that form part of a frame, including a marginal rib in which at least one stamped, milled, or machined cavity is provided, which is larger than a flat transponder, the transponder being arranged and retained in this cavity by means of a mass of plastic and / or adhesive.

[0013] It should be noted that, due to their very function, formwork panels often have sections covered in cement on parts of their surfaces. The simple solution of somehow attaching an RFID tag to one of the exterior surfaces of one of the frame profiles of a panel can lead to reading problems. It is known that iron and some alloys used in panel profiles create a shielding effect that prevents RFID tag readings, so the tags must be placed on the exterior surface of a panel profile or very close to it. Furthermore, although covering RFID tags with a thin layer of cement is not usually an impediment to reading, when the panels arrive from construction sites, they usually have layers of concrete about 2 to 5 mm thick on top, and the panel must be cleaned before storage.Panel cleaning involves sandpaper, hammers, crowbars, and guns. Sandpaper can obviously damage RFID tags if they are on the panel surface, while guns, hammers, and crowbars, while not expected to directly impact RFID tags, can cause damage due to the vibrations they generate, affecting their performance and adhesion to the panel.

[0014] Patent document ES2681031 T3 describes a transportable device, which can be a formwork panel, with a transponder arranged in a metal cavity. The device has the characteristic that the bottom of the cavity is provided with a slot, and the transponder comprises a chip arranged between two antennas. The slot is an elongated opening in the bottom of the cavity and passes through said bottom. It is stated that the transponder can provide information for reading without the transponder needing its own power source, and that it has been found that the reading range of the transponder is increased by the provision of this slot. Furthermore, the provision of the transponder in a cavity protects the transponder from damage, and it is said that the transponder can be installed in a technically simple manner, making it loss-proof and protected within the device.It is noted that all of the metal corner regions of the device are provided with transponder chambers, each arranged in slotted metal cavities, and that the transponder is glued into the cavity and / or embedded in a plastic mass. The surface delimiting the cavity protrudes relative to the surface of the plastic mass and / or the surface of the transponder or is flush with the surface of the plastic mass.

[0015] Although this solution seems viable for newly manufactured formwork panels, for existing panels in which an RFID transponder is to be incorporated, it seems more complicated to implement in pre-existing formwork panels, because it is necessary to access the bottom of the metal cavity and make the slot, and then insert the transponder there and stick it to the bottom or apply the synthetic material so that it remains fixed and does not get lost.

[0016] An objective of the present invention is to provide a solution to the set of stocks of construction elements so that they can be equipped with a transponder of an RFID system so that they can benefit from the advantages it entails, without having to carry out complicated operations or dismantle profiles of the element to make slots in sides that are not otherwise accessible or to house and embed the transponder in a cavity with filling material.

[0017] Another objective of the present invention is to determine or create in the construction element a location for the transponder that permanently ensures the fixing of the transponder to the construction element, that allows a reliable reading of the data from a distance without problems, without being affected by shielding effects by the metal of the profiles of the element, and that the integrity of the transponder is not affected by the cleaning operations to which the construction element may be subjected after its use on site.

[0018] Another objective of the present invention is to be able to meet the above objectives with standard RFID transponders, easy to find on the market, and whose assembly in the formwork elements involves operations and tools common in the construction sector, in order to offer construction elements equipped with RFID technology at a reasonable cost.

[0019] Explanation of the invention

[0020] In order to respond to the aforementioned needs, an encapsulation is disclosed that comprises an oblong body formed by two flat end parts, provided with respective fixing through holes, and by a flat central part, and a transponder arranged inside the oblong body.

[0021] The encapsulation of the invention is characterized in that the central part has a thickness greater than the thickness of the end parts and whereby the central part has a flat projecting surface that projects with respect to the end parts, and in that a gripping means in the form of an appendage is arranged in the central part that extends beyond the projecting surface.

[0022] The transponder forming part of the encapsulation comprises a chip and at least one antenna. According to another feature of the invention, the tab-shaped gripping means is a flat tab extending perpendicular to the protruding surface of the central portion. Other tab shapes, such as a thread-like or handle-shaped tab, are not ruled out.

[0023] According to another characteristic of the encapsulation of the invention, the gripping means in the form of an appendix is ​​connected to the central part through a constriction whose thickness is at least half the thickness of the appendix.

[0024] According to another characteristic of the encapsulation of the invention, the connection between the appendage-shaped gripping means and the protruding surface is susceptible to breaking by manually stretching the appendage with respect to the central part with two fingers of one hand.

[0025] According to another characteristic of the encapsulation of the invention, the encapsulation comprises two metal bushings, each arranged in a respective fixing through-hole.

[0026] The encapsulation of the invention is primarily made of an engineering plastic, preferably a thermoplastic, such as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, known by its acronym ABS. Alternatively, it can be made of polypropylene.

[0027] According to a second aspect of the invention, a building element is provided comprising at least one hollow profile with at least one outer side whose outer face faces the outside of the building element and whose inner face faces the cavity of the hollow profile.

[0028] The construction element according to the invention is characterized as comprising at least one encapsulation as described above according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein said at least one encapsulation is housed in the cavity of the hollow profile, wherein the outer side of the hollow profile has at least one oblong opening with a length less than the length of the encapsulation and equal to or greater than the length of the flat projecting surface of the encapsulation, and with a width equal to or greater than that of the projecting surface, and wherein the end portions of the encapsulation are connected by means of fixing means to respective sections of the inner face of the hollow profile located adjacent to the longitudinal edges of the oblong opening.

[0029] According to an optional feature of the construction element object of the invention, the difference in thickness between the central portion and the thickness of the end portions of the encapsulation is less than the thickness of the outer side of the hollow profile, and the protruding surface of the encapsulation is arranged within the oblong opening, at a level located between the outer face and the inner face of the outer side of the hollow profile. Preferably, the protruding surface is between 1 and 1.5 mm below the outer face of the hollow profile, sufficiently hidden or sunken so that cleaning operations of the construction element do not damage the encapsulation, but sufficiently accessible from the outside to ensure good interaction between the transponder and the reader of the RFID system.

[0030] According to a preferred characteristic of the construction element object of the invention, the fixing means are rivets or screws whose stems respectively pass through the fixing through holes of the end parts of the encapsulation and whose heads are seated in respective perforations provided in sections of the outer side of the hollow profile located adjacent to the longitudinal edges of the oblong opening.

[0031] According to another embodiment of the construction element object of the invention, the construction element comprises two encapsulations according to the invention, housed in the cavity of the hollow profile, wherein the outer side of the hollow profile of the construction element has two oblong openings, each with a length shorter than the length of a respective encapsulation and equal to or greater than the length of the flat protruding surface of the respective encapsulation, and with a width equal to or greater than the width of the protruding surface of the respective encapsulation. In this embodiment, the end portions of each encapsulation are joined by respective fixing means to respective sections of the inner face of the hollow profile located adjacent to the longitudinal edges of the respective oblong openings.

[0032] According to a preferred embodiment of the construction element object of the invention, said element is a formwork panel whose perimeter frame comprises the hollow profile in the cavity of which the at least one encapsulation is housed.

[0033] According to another preferred embodiment of the construction element object of the invention, said element is a strut comprising a cylindrical hollow profile with a cylindrical surface except for a section with a flat stamping that constitutes the outer side, provided with a flat outer face and an inner face, which has at least one oblong opening, the at least one encapsulation being housed in the cavity of the section with the flat stamping of the cylindrical hollow profile.

[0034] Preferably, the difference between the length of the opening and the length of the protruding surface is very small, and also with respect to their widths, since this difference in measurements is necessary for the protruding surface to be inserted with relative ease into the opening, so there must be a small clearance. Therefore, the difference between the lengths is equal to or less than 1.5 mm, preferably equal to or less than 1 mm, and the difference between the width of the opening and the width of the protruding surface is also equal to or less than 1.5 mm, preferably equal to or less than 1 mm.

[0035] For example, according to one embodiment of the encapsulation, the protruding surface has a rectangular shape with a length of 55 mm and a width of 25 mm. According to this encapsulation, a preferred embodiment of the building element contemplates that the opening is rectangular with a length of 56 mm and a width of 26 mm.

[0036] According to a third aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of mounting an encapsulation according to the first aspect of the invention in a construction element comprising at least one hollow profile with at least one outer side whose outer face faces the outside of the construction element and whose inner face faces the cavity of the hollow profile.

[0037] The assembly method object of the invention is characterized in that it comprises the steps of: a) making in the outer side of the hollow profile of the construction element at least one oblong opening with a length less than the length of the encapsulation and equal to or greater than the length of the flat protruding surface of the encapsulation, and with a width equal to or greater than that of the protruding surface, and making two perforations in sections of the outer side of the hollow profile located adjacent to the longitudinal edges of the oblong opening, the perforations configuring respective through holes of diameter and separation from each other suitable to be able to overlap the through holes of the end parts of the encapsulation, b) grasping the encapsulation of the appendage, bringing it closer to the opening and tilting it so as to make the oblong body of the encapsulation pass through the opening and be located inside the cavity of the hollow profile,c) moving the encapsulation by grasping it by the appendage and placing it inside the cavity so that its two through holes are superimposed with the perforations on the outside and so that the protruding surface of the encapsulation occupies part of the opening, and d) fixing the encapsulation to the hollow profile by placing fixing means in the through holes and in the perforations superimposed on them.

[0038] According to a preferred feature of the method object of the invention, after step d) a step e) is carried out consisting of breaking the union between the appendage and the central part of the encapsulation.

[0039] Preferably, step e) is carried out by using the fingers to pull the tab outward from the hollow profile cavity, if the tab of the casing is connected to the central part by a constriction whose thickness is at least half the thickness of the tab. However, the connection between the tab and the central part of the casing can break on its own, without anyone having to pull on the tab, due to the movement of the construction elements. When, for example, formwork panels are stacked on top of each other, the tab will bend and eventually break due to movements between the panels during handling and storage.

[0040] According to a preferred feature of the method object of the invention, step d) consists of placing as fixing means rivets or screws whose stems respectively pass through the fixing through holes of the end parts of the encapsulation and whose heads are seated in the respective perforations provided in the sections of the outer side of the hollow profile located adjacent to the longitudinal edges of the oblong opening.

[0041] Preferably, in step a) the opening is made with dimensions such that the difference between the length of the opening and the length of the protruding surface is equal to or less than 1.5 mm, preferably equal to or less than 1 mm, and the difference between the width of the opening and the width of the protruding surface is equal to or less than 1.5 mm, preferably equal to or less than 1 mm.

[0042] Brief description of the drawings

[0043] To complement the description being made and in order to facilitate understanding of the characteristics of the encapsulation and the construction element that are the object of the invention, as well as of the method of mounting the encapsulation in the construction element, a set of drawings is attached to this specification in which, for illustrative and non-limiting purposes, the following is represented: Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the encapsulation according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, Fig. 2 is a plan view of the encapsulation of Fig. 1 , Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the encapsulation of Fig. 2 according to a cross section passing through a fixing through hole; Fig. 4 is an elevation view of the encapsulation of Fig. 1 , Fig. 5 is a partial plan view of a section of an outer side of a construction element according to the invention, Fig.6 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of a construction element according to the invention, consisting of a shuttering panel, Fig. 7 is a detailed view of the upper part of the shuttering panel of Fig. 6, showing an upper outer side of the perimeter frame of the panel in which the encapsulation of Fig. 1 is arranged, Fig. 8 is a detailed sectional view of a section of the outer side of the formwork panel shown in Fig. 7 according to a vertical section plane that runs longitudinally through the encapsulation, Fig. 9 is a detailed view of the rivet-shaped fixing means that fix the left end part of the encapsulation, also showing the adjacent part of the oblong opening on the outer side of the panel of Fig. 8, Figs. 19 to 12 are different embodiments of outer sides of formwork panels according to the invention, shown in section according to a cross section; Fig.13 is a partial elevational view of a second embodiment of a construction element according to the invention, consisting of a strut comprising a cylindrical hollow profile with a cylindrical surface except for a section with a flat stamping, Figs. 14 and 15 are sectional views according to the cutting planes AA and B-B, respectively, of Fig. 13, and Figs. 16 to 19 are schematic views of different stages of the method of mounting an encapsulation like that of Fig. 1 on an outer side of a construction element like that of Fig. 8, according to the invention.

[0044] Detailed description of the invention

[0045] Figs. 1 to 4 show different views of an encapsulation 1 comprising an oblong body formed by two flat end portions 11 and 13, provided with respective through-holes 16 for fixing, and by a flat central portion 12. Furthermore, although not visible, the encapsulation 1 comprises a transponder arranged inside the oblong body.

[0046] It can be seen that the central part 12 has a thickness greater than the thickness of the end parts 11 and 13 and whereby the central part 12 has a flat projecting surface 14 which projects with respect to the end parts 11 and 13. In addition, in the central part 12 a gripping means is arranged in the form of an appendix 15 which extends beyond the projecting surface 14. The appendix 15 allows the encapsulation 1 to be gripped and manipulated to insert it into a construction element 2, as will be explained later.

[0047] The appendix 15 shown is a flat appendix extending perpendicular to the projecting surface 14, and is connected to the central part through a constriction 18 (see Fig. 3) whose thickness is at least half the thickness of the appendix 15.

[0048] The connection between the gripping means in the form of an appendage 15 and the projecting surface 14 can be broken by manually pulling the appendage 15 relative to the central part 12 with two fingers of one hand. Thus, once the encapsulation 1 has been mounted on the construction element 2, for example, on a formwork panel as in Fig. 6, the appendage 15 can be easily broken by hand at the constriction 18, so that it does not interfere with the panels themselves when they are placed one on top of the other or stacked.

[0049] The encapsulation 1 also comprises two essentially cylindrical, metallic and oxidation-resistant bushings 17, each arranged in a respective fixing through-hole 16, as can be seen in particular in Fig. 3.

[0050] Fig. 6 shows a construction element 2, consisting of a formwork panel, which comprises in its perimeter frame at least one hollow profile with at least one exterior side 20 comprising an exterior face 21, an interior face 22, a front side face and a rear side face. The exterior face 21 faces the outside of the construction element 2 and the interior face 22 faces the cavity 23 of the hollow profile. The construction element 2 comprises an encapsulation 1 housed in the cavity 23 of the hollow profile, in which the exterior side 20 of the hollow profile has at least one oblong opening 24. In the figures shown, the exterior side 20 corresponds to the upper side of the perimeter frame of the formwork panel, and as can be seen in Figs. 6 and 7, the encapsulation 1 is located in a section close to the right-hand corner, furthest from the board of the formwork surface of the panel. In Figs.10 to 12 show different embodiments of hollow profiles on the outside 20 that the construction element 2 can have in the form of a formwork panel.

[0051] This oblong opening 24 is also shown in Fig. 5, where it can be seen that it has the shape of a rectangular window with rounded corners. The length of the oblong opening 24 is shorter than the length of the encapsulation 1 and equal to or slightly greater than the length of the flat projecting surface 14 of the encapsulation 1 (see Figs. 8 and 17-19), while the width of the oblong opening 24 is equal to or slightly greater than that of the projecting surface 14.

[0052] According to a preferred embodiment, the projecting surface 14 of the encapsulation 1 has a rectangular shape with a length of 55 mm and a width of 25 mm, while the oblong opening 24 is rectangular with a length of 56 mm and a width of 26 mm. Thus, the projecting surface 14 is only separated from the edges of the oblong opening 24 by 0.5 cm on each side.

[0053] Another feature to be highlighted is that the difference in thickness between the central portion 12 and the thickness of the end portions 11 and 13 of the encapsulation 1 is less than the thickness of the outer side 20 of the hollow profile. For this reason, the projecting surface 14 of the encapsulation 1 is arranged within the oblong opening 24, at a level located between the outer face 21 and the inner face 22 of the outer side 20 of the hollow profile. This can be clearly observed in Figs. 8, 9 and 19, where it can be seen that the projecting surface 14 is slightly below the outer face 21 but slightly above the inner face 22, which facilitates both the reading of the transponder and the integrity of the encapsulation 1 during cleaning operations of the construction element 2.

[0054] The transponder of the encapsulation 1 provided in the formwork panel meets the most demanding scenario in terms of reading distance requirements, which corresponds to an inventory situation. When carrying out the inventory, the maximum reading distance of the reader antenna or RFID terminal with the transponder of the formwork panel, over which there is a direct view of its position as the protruding surface 14 of the encapsulation 1 is visible, is approximately 2.5 to 3 m at an angle of 80°. Another equally demanding scenario is the reception of panels from a construction site, as one or part of the protruding surface 14 may be covered with concrete, although in this case the reading distance is very short.

[0055] The end portions 11 and 13 of the encapsulation 1 are joined by means of fixing means 3 to respective sections of the inner face 22 of the hollow profile located adjacent to the longitudinal edges of the oblong opening 24. Preferably, the fixing means 3 are rivets or screws whose stems 31 respectively pass through the through holes 16 for fixing the end portions 11 and 13 of the encapsulation 1 , and whose heads 32 are seated in respective perforations provided in sections of the outer side 20 of the hollow profile located adjacent to the longitudinal edges of the oblong opening 24. The two metal bushings 17 of the encapsulation 1 prevent breakage of the material of the encapsulation 1 during riveting or screwing.

[0056] It should be mentioned that although not shown in the figures, the construction element 2 may have two encapsulations 1 arranged in respective oblong openings 24 that have been made in the outer side 20 of the hollow profile, for example, in an opening 24 made in the upper left corner and in an opening 24 made in the lower right corner of the outer side 20.

[0057] A structural element 2, consisting of a strut, is shown in Figs. 13 to 15. The strut comprises a cylindrical hollow profile with a cylindrical surface except for a portion with a flat stamping 25, which constitutes the outer side 20, and is provided with a flat outer face 21 and an inner face 22, which has an oblong opening 24, the casing 1 being accommodated in the cavity 23 of the portion with the flat stamping 25 of the cylindrical hollow profile.

[0058] Finally, a method for mounting an encapsulation 1 in a construction element 2 is described below. Reference is made to the schematic Figs. 16 to 19, which represent some of the steps of the method. The construction element 2 comprises at least one hollow profile with at least one outer side 20, the outer face 21 of which faces the outside of the construction element 2 and the inner face 22 of which faces the cavity 23 of the hollow profile. A section of the initial outer side 20 is shown in Fig. 16. The method comprises the following steps.

[0059] A step a) consists in making in the outer side 20 of the hollow profile of the construction element 2 at least one oblong opening 24 with a length less than the length of the encapsulation 1 and equal to or greater than the length of the flat projecting surface 14 of the encapsulation 1 , and with a width equal to or greater than that of the projecting surface 14, and in making two perforations 26 in sections of the outer side 20 of the hollow profile located adjacent to the longitudinal edges of the oblong opening 24, the perforations 26 forming respective through holes of diameter and separation from each other suitable to be able to overlap the through holes 16 of the end parts 11 and 13 of the encapsulation 1. The opening 24 and the two perforations 26 are shown on the outer side 20 represented in Fig. 17.

[0060] The next step, step b), consists of grasping the encapsulation 1 of the appendix 15 with the fingers of the hand, bringing it close to the opening 24 and tilting it so that the oblong body of the encapsulation 1 passes through the opening 24 and is located inside the cavity 23 of the hollow profile. This is shown in Fig. 17.

[0061] The next step, step c), consists of moving the encapsulation 1 by grasping it by the appendix 15 and placing it inside the cavity 23 so that its two through holes 16 are superimposed with the perforations 26 on the outer side 20 and so that the projecting surface 14 of the encapsulation 1 occupies part of the opening 24. Fig. 18 shows how the encapsulation 1 would be positioned.

[0062] The next step, step d), consists in fixing the encapsulation 1 to the hollow profile by placing fixing means 3 in the through holes 16 and in the perforations 26 superimposed on them. In Fig. 19, the fixing means 3 are rivets whose stems 31 have been placed through the through holes 16 for fixing the end parts 11 and 13 of the encapsulation 1 and whose heads 32 have been seated in the respective perforations 26 provided in the sections of the outer side 20 of the hollow profile located adjacent to the longitudinal edges of the oblong opening 24.

[0063] Finally, the connection between the appendix 15 and the central part 12 of the encapsulation 1 is broken. This step is carried out by stretching the appendix 15 with the fingers of the hand in an outward direction from the cavity 23 of the hollow profile when the appendix 15 is joined to the central part 12 through the constriction 18 whose thickness is at least half of the thickness of the appendix 15. Thus, no tool is needed to cut the appendix 15 so that no part of the encapsulation protrudes externally from the hollow profile.

[0064] However, the connection between the appendix 15 and the central part 12 of the encapsulation 1 can break on its own, without the need for anyone to pull on the appendix 15, due to the movement of the construction elements 2. When, for example, the formwork panels are stacked on top of each other, the appendix 15 will end up bending and breaking due to the movements between the panels during handling and storage.

Claims

1. An encapsulation (1) comprising an oblong body formed by two flat end portions (11, 13) provided with respective through-holes (16) for fixing, and by a flat central portion (12), and a transponder arranged inside the oblong body, characterized in that the central portion (12) has a thickness greater than the thickness of the end portions (11, 13) and by which the central portion (12) has a flat projecting surface (14) projecting with respect to the end portions (11, 13), and in that a gripping means in the form of an appendix (15) is arranged in the central portion (12) extending beyond the projecting surface (14). 2.- The encapsulation (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the gripping means in the form of an appendix (15) is a flat appendix extending in a direction perpendicular to the protruding surface (14) of the central part (12). 3.- The encapsulation (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the gripping means in the form of an appendix (15) is connected to the central part (12) through a constriction (18) whose thickness is at least half the thickness of the appendix (15). 4.- The encapsulation (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connection between the gripping means in the form of an appendix (15) and the protruding surface (14) is susceptible to breaking by manually stretching the appendix (15) with respect to the central part (12) with two fingers of one hand. 5.- The encapsulation (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises two metal bushings (17), each arranged in a respective fixing through hole (16). 6.- The encapsulation (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transponder comprises a chip and at least an antenna.

7. A building element (2) comprising at least one hollow profile with at least one outer side (20) whose outer face (21) faces the outside of the building element (2) and whose inner face (22) faces the cavity (23) of the hollow profile, characterized in that the building element (2) comprises at least one encapsulation (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6 housed in the cavity (23) of the hollow profile, wherein the outer side (20) of the hollow profile has at least one oblong opening (24) with a length smaller than the length of the encapsulation (1) and equal to or greater than the length of the planar protruding surface (14) of the encapsulation (1), and with a width equal to or greater than that of the protruding surface (14), wherein the end portions (11 ,13) of the encapsulation (1) are joined by means of fixing means (3) to respective sections of the inner face (22) of the hollow profile located adjacent to the longitudinal edges of the oblong opening (24). 8.- The construction element (2) according to claim 7, characterized in that the difference in thickness between the central part (12) and the thickness of the end parts (11, 13) of the encapsulation (1) is smaller than the thickness of the outer side (20) of the hollow profile and in that the protruding surface (14) of the encapsulation (1) is arranged within the oblong opening (24), at a level located between the outer face (21) and the inner face (22) of the outer side (20) of the hollow profile. 9.- The construction element (2) according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the fixing means (3) are rivets or screws whose stems (31) respectively pass through the through holes (16) for fixing the end parts (11, 13) of the encapsulation (1) and whose heads (32) are seated in respective perforations provided in sections of the outer side (20) of the hollow profile located adjacent to the longitudinal edges of the oblong opening (24). 10.- The construction element (2) according to any one of the claims 7 to 9, characterized in that it comprises two encapsulations (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6 housed in the cavity (23) of the hollow profile, wherein the outer side (20) of the hollow profile has two oblong openings (24) each with a length less than the length of a respective encapsulation (1) and equal to or greater than the length of the flat projecting surface (14) of the respective encapsulation (1), and with a width equal to or greater than the width of the projecting surface (14) of the respective encapsulation (1), wherein the end portions (11, 13) of each encapsulation (1) are joined by respective fixing means (3) to respective sections of the inner face (22) of the hollow profile located adjacent to the longitudinal edges of the respective oblong openings (24). 11.- The construction element (2) according to any one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that it is a formwork panel whose perimeter frame comprises the hollow profile in the cavity (23) of which the at least one encapsulation (1) is housed. 12.- The construction element (2) according to any one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that it is a strut comprising a cylindrical hollow profile with a cylindrical surface except for a section with a flat stamping (25) constituting the outer side (20), provided with a flat outer face (21) and an inner face (22), which has at least one oblong opening (24), the at least one encapsulation (1) being housed in the cavity (23) of the section with the flat stamping of the cylindrical hollow profile.

13. The construction element (2) according to any one of claims 7 to 12, characterized in that the difference between the length of the opening (24) and the length of the protruding surface (14) is equal to or less than 1.5 mm, preferably equal to or less than 1 mm, and in that the difference between the width of the opening (24) and the width of the protruding surface (14) is equal to or less than 1.5 mm, preferably equal to or less than 1 mm. 14.- A method of mounting an encapsulation (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in a construction element (2) that comprises at least one hollow profile with at least one outer side (20) whose outer face (21) faces the outside of the construction element (2) and whose inner face (22) faces the cavity (23) of the hollow profile, characterized in that it comprises the steps of: a) making on the outer side (20) of the hollow profile of the construction element (2) at least one oblong opening (24) with a length shorter than the length of the encapsulation (1) and equal to or greater than the length of the flat protruding surface (14) of the encapsulation (1), and with a width equal to or greater than that of the protruding surface (14), and making two perforations in sections of the outer side (20) of the hollow profile located adjacent to the longitudinal edges of the oblong opening (24), the perforations forming respective through holes of diameter and separation from each other suitable to be able to overlap the through holes (16) of the end portions (11,13) of the encapsulation (1), b) grasping the encapsulation (1) from the appendix (15), bringing it close to the opening (24) and tilting it so as to make the oblong body of the encapsulation (1) pass through the opening (24) and be located inside the cavity of the hollow profile, c) moving the encapsulation (1) by grasping it from the appendix (15) and placing it inside the cavity (23) so that its two through holes (16) are superimposed with the perforations on the outer side (20) and so that the projecting surface (14) of the encapsulation (1) occupies part of the opening (24), and d) fixing the encapsulation (1) to the hollow profile by placing fixing means (3) in the through holes (16) and in the perforations superimposed thereon. 15.- The method according to claim 14, characterized in that after step d) a step e) is carried out consisting of breaking the union between the appendage and the central part of the encapsulation. 16.- The method according to claim 15, characterized in that step e) is carried out by stretching the appendix (15) with the fingers of the hand in an outward direction from the cavity (23) of the hollow profile in the case where the encapsulation (1) is in accordance with claim 3.

17. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that step d) consists of placing, as fixing means (3), rivets or screws whose stems (31) respectively pass through the through holes (16) for fixing the end parts (11, 13) of the encapsulation (1) and whose heads (32) are seated in the respective perforations provided in the sections of the outer side (20) of the hollow profile located adjacent to the longitudinal edges of the oblong opening (24). 18.- The method according to any one of claims 14 to 17, characterized in that in step a) the opening (24) is made with dimensions such that the difference between the length of the opening (24) and the length of the protruding surface (14) is equal to or less than 1.5 mm, preferably equal to or less than 1 mm, and the difference between the width of the opening (24) and the width of the protruding surface (14) is equal to or less than 1.5 mm, preferably equal to or less than 1 mm.

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