Electronic device

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of antennas, and provides an electronic device. The electronic device comprises an antenna structure. The antenna structure comprises two radiators which are not in contact with each other; a first radiator is arranged on one side of the floor (for example, a portion of a frame can be formed into the first radiator); and a second radiator is arranged in parallel on the floor. The antenna structure is fed by means of a feed point set on at least one radiator, so that the two radiators perform energy coupling to radiate electromagnetic waves, and the antenna structure can generate electric field components in two directions (for example, an x direction and a z direction) which are perpendicular to each other. In the described structure, by means of the second radiator arranged in parallel on the floor, an additional electric field component can be provided in the direction (for example, the z direction) perpendicular to the plane where the floor is located, thereby improving the circular polarization performance of the antenna structure.

Description

An electronic device Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of antennas, and more particularly, to electronic devices equipped with antennas. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, antennas, as essential components in various wireless communication devices, have seen widespread application and significant technological advancements. Circular polarization is a form of electromagnetic wave polarization, and circularly polarized electromagnetic waves are referred to as circularly polarized waves. Antennas that radiate circularly polarized waves (circularly polarized antennas) have the advantages of being able to receive linearly polarized waves, reducing the impact of reflected signals, and having excellent penetration capabilities. Therefore, circularly polarized antennas have important applications in communications, radar, electronic countermeasures, electronic reconnaissance, radio and television, and other fields.

[0003] The rise of satellite communications has accelerated the development of circularly polarized antennas. Handheld electronic devices, such as mobile phones, require miniaturized antennas. For example, a portion of the phone's frame can be used to form the antenna. However, this antenna structure suffers from poor circular polarization performance, resulting in a poor user experience.

[0004] Summary of the Invention

[0005] An embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device that can improve the circular polarization performance of an antenna structure configured in the electronic device to improve user experience.

[0006] The electronic device includes a floor and a first antenna structure, the first antenna structure includes a first radiator and a second radiator, the first radiator is arranged on one side of the floor, and a first gap is formed between the first radiator and the floor; the second radiator is arranged parallel to the floor, and a second gap is formed between the second radiator and the floor; wherein the first radiator and the second radiator do not contact each other; at least one of the first radiator and the second radiator is provided with at least one feeding point, and when fed at the feeding point, the first radiator and the second radiator operate at the same operating frequency, and the first antenna structure can generate an electric field component distributed along a first direction and an electric field component distributed along a second direction, the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular, the first direction is parallel to the length direction of the first radiator, and the second direction is perpendicular to the plane where the floor is located.

[0007] In an embodiment of the present application, a first radiator is arranged on one side of the floor, and a second radiator is arranged parallel to the floor. The first antenna structure is fed by a feeding point arranged on at least one radiator, so that energy coupling can be performed between the first radiator and the second radiator to radiate electromagnetic waves, and an electric field component distributed along a first direction (for example, the x direction) and an electric field component distributed along a second direction (for example, the z direction) can be generated. Among them, the propagation direction of the first antenna structure is roughly parallel to the third direction (for example, the y direction). For example, the propagation direction is the positive y direction. Since a second radiator is added to the floor, the second radiator can provide an additional electric field component in the second direction (for example, the z direction) perpendicular to the plane where the floor is located, so that the electric field component of the second radiator in the second direction (for example, the z direction) is increased. In addition, the first radiator itself can provide a relatively sufficient electric field component in the first direction (for example, the x direction). In this way, two perpendicular orthogonal electric field components (for example, the electric field component in the x direction and the electric field component in the y direction) can be better formed in the vertical plane of the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave (for example, the xz plane), which is conducive to the formation of circularly polarized waves and improves the circular polarization performance of the first antenna structure.

[0008] In the above embodiment, the first radiator can generate an electric field component distributed along a first direction, and the second radiator can generate an electric field component distributed along a second direction.

[0009] It should be understood that the first radiator is primarily configured to generate an electric field component distributed along the first direction, while the second radiator is primarily configured to generate an electric field component distributed along the second direction. In practice, the first radiator may also generate a small amount of electric field component distributed along the second direction. However, the electric field component generated by the first radiator along the second direction is significantly less than the electric field component generated by the second radiator along the second direction.

[0010] In some embodiments, the electronic device includes a frame, the frame surrounding a floor, wherein the first radiator is part of the frame.

[0011] In some embodiments, the second radiator is formed by laser direct structuring technology, flexible circuit board printing technology, or floating metal technology. Exemplarily, the second radiator has a sheet-like structure.

[0012] In some embodiments, the floor is a printed circuit board or a midframe within an electronic device.

[0013] In some embodiments, a plurality of feeding points are provided on at least one of the first radiator and the second radiator.

[0014] In some other embodiments, a feeding point is provided on one of the first radiator and the second radiator, that is, a feeding point is provided on the first radiator or the second radiator.

[0015] In the embodiment of the present application, a feeding point is provided in the first radiator or the second radiator, so that a feeding point can be provided in the first antenna structure, which is simple in design and easy to implement.

[0016] In the embodiment where a feeding point is provided on one of the first radiator and the second radiator, in some embodiments, the feeding point is provided close to the other radiator which is not provided with a feeding point.

[0017] In one example, the feed point is disposed on the second radiator and close to the first radiator. In another example, the feed point is disposed on the first radiator and close to the second radiator.

[0018] In the embodiment of the present application, the two radiators do not contact each other and radiate electromagnetic waves through energy coupling. Setting the feeding point close to another radiator that is not provided with a feeding point can reduce energy loss and improve the coupling performance of the first antenna structure.

[0019] In the embodiment where a feeding point is provided on one of the first radiator and the second radiator, in some embodiments, a feeding point is provided on one end of one of the first radiator and the second radiator distributed along the first direction.

[0020] In one example, a feeding point is provided at either end of the second radiator distributed along the first direction (eg, the x direction).

[0021] In another example, a feeding point is provided at either end of the first radiator distributed along the first direction (eg, the x direction).

[0022] In the embodiment of the present application, the structure in which the feeding point is set at the end of the radiator is conducive to forming a left-handed circularly polarized wave or a right-handed circularly polarized wave.

[0023] In the embodiment where a feeding point is provided on one of the first radiator and the second radiator, in some embodiments, a feeding point is provided on the second radiator.

[0024] In the embodiments of the present application, the second radiator is a newly added radiator whose purpose is to provide an additional electric field component in a second direction (e.g., the z-direction) perpendicular to the plane of the floor (e.g., the xy plane). Positioning the feed point on the second radiator allows the second radiator to be more fully excited, thereby providing more electric field components in the second direction (e.g., the z-direction). Furthermore, in embodiments where the first radiator is part of the metal frame of the electronic device, since components surrounding the frame, such as the display screen and earpiece, may affect the performance of the first radiator, positioning the feed point on the second radiator can, to a certain extent, reduce the impact of these components on the first antenna structure.

[0025] In the embodiment in which a feeding point is provided on the second radiator, in some embodiments, a grounded matching circuit is provided on the first radiator, and the matching circuit is used to match the operating frequency of the first antenna structure.

[0026] In the embodiment of the present application, the first radiator is matched to the operating frequency of the first antenna structure by a matching circuit, so that the first antenna structure can achieve better performance at the operating frequency. In addition, the left-hand circular polarization component or the right-hand circular polarization component can be controlled.

[0027] In an embodiment in which a grounded matching circuit is provided on the first radiator, in some embodiments, a first port is provided at one end of the first radiator distributed along the first direction, and the matching circuit includes a grounded first matching circuit, and a first matching circuit is provided at the first port, wherein the first port and the feeding point are located on the same side of the first antenna structure, and the first matching circuit includes a capacitor.

[0028] In one example, a first port is provided at the first end of the first radiator distributed along the first direction, a feeding point is provided at the first end of the second radiator distributed along the first direction, and the first end of the first radiator distributed along the first direction and the first end of the second radiator distributed along the first direction are located on the same side of the first antenna structure. In this way, the first port and the feeding point are located on the same side of the first antenna structure.

[0029] In another example, a first port is provided at the second end of the first radiator distributed along the first direction, a feeding point is provided at the second end of the second radiator distributed along the first direction, and the second end of the first radiator distributed along the first direction and the second end of the second radiator distributed along the first direction are located on the same side of the first antenna structure, so that the first port and the feeding point are located on the same side of the first antenna structure.

[0030] In an embodiment of the present application, the capacitor itself can be used to adjust the phase advance or lag. From the perspective of improving the circular polarization performance (left-hand circular polarization performance or right-hand circular polarization performance) of the first antenna structure, a first port is set at one end of the first radiator and a second port is set at the other end of the first radiator. The first matching circuit at the first port includes a capacitor, and the feeding point and the capacitor of the first port are located on the same side of the first antenna structure. In some scenarios, the phase difference of the two perpendicular orthogonal electric field components generated by the first antenna structure (for example, the electric field components distributed along the x direction and the electric field components distributed along the z direction) can be made closer to the circular polarization phase difference (±90°) requirement. In this way, while the first matching circuit can match the operating frequency of the first antenna structure, it can also better control the left-hand circular polarization or right-hand circular polarization components of the first antenna structure, which is beneficial to the formation of the circularly polarized wave of the first antenna structure, obtains better circular polarization directivity, and improves the circular polarization performance of the first antenna structure.

[0031] In an embodiment in which a first matching circuit is provided at the first port of the first radiator, in some embodiments, a second port is provided at the other end of the first radiator distributed along the first direction, the matching circuit further includes a grounded second matching circuit, and a second matching circuit is provided at the second port, wherein the second matching circuit includes an inductor.

[0032] In one example, a first end of the first radiator distributed along the first direction is provided with a first port, and a second end of the first radiator distributed along the first direction is provided with a second port.

[0033] In another example, the second end of the first radiator distributed along the first direction is provided with a first port, and the first end of the first radiator distributed along the first direction is provided with a second port.

[0034] In an embodiment of the present application, the inductor and the capacitor themselves can be used to adjust the phase advance or lag, and a first port is set at one end of the first radiator and a second port is set at the other end of the first radiator. The first matching circuit at the first port includes a capacitor, and the second matching circuit at the second port includes an inductor. The feeding point and the capacitor of the first port are located on the same side of the first antenna structure, so that the phase difference of the two vertical orthogonal electric field components generated by the first antenna structure (for example, the electric field components distributed along the x direction and the electric field components distributed along the z direction) can be closer to the circular polarization phase difference (±90°) requirement. In this way, while the first matching circuit can match the operating frequency of the first antenna structure, it can also better control the left-hand circular polarization or right-hand circular polarization component of the first antenna structure, which is beneficial to the formation of the circularly polarized wave of the first antenna structure, obtains better circular polarization directivity, and improves the circular polarization performance of the first antenna structure.

[0035] In some embodiments, a third matching circuit is provided at the feeding point, and the third matching circuit is used to match the operating frequency of the first antenna structure.

[0036] In the embodiment of the present application, the second radiator is matched to the operating frequency of the first antenna structure through the third matching circuit, so that the first antenna structure can achieve better performance at the operating frequency.

[0037] In some embodiments, two ends of the second radiator distributed along the first direction are flush with two ends of the first radiator distributed along the first direction.

[0038] In an embodiment of the present application, the two ends of the first radiator distributed in the first direction (for example, the x-direction) and the two ends of the second radiator distributed in the first direction (for example, the x-direction) are respectively flush, which means that the electrical length (or physical length) of the two radiators in the first direction (for example, the x-direction) is basically the same. This setting increases the area for energy coupling between the two radiators, thereby improving the energy coupling between the two radiators.

[0039] In some embodiments, one end of the second radiator distributed along the first direction is not flush with one end of the first radiator on the same side, and the other end of the second radiator distributed along the first direction is flush or not flush with the other end of the first radiator on the same side.

[0040] In the above embodiment, illustratively, one end of the second radiator distributed along the first direction is retracted relative to one end of the first radiator on the same side, and an electronic component is provided on one side of the one end of the second radiator distributed along the first direction.

[0041] In an embodiment of the present application, when an electronic component is provided on one side of one end of the second radiator distributed along the first direction, the end of the second radiator distributed along the first direction is retracted relative to one end of the first radiator on the same side, so as to avoid the electronic component and provide a cleaner working environment for the second radiator, thereby reducing the impact of the electronic component on the performance of the first antenna structure.

[0042] Exemplarily, the electronic component is a receiver.

[0043] In some embodiments, the electrical length of the second radiator in the first direction and the electrical length of the first radiator in the first direction are both between half a wavelength and a quarter wavelength, and the wavelength is the operating wavelength of the first antenna structure.

[0044] In some embodiments, projections of the first radiator and the second radiator on a plane formed by the first direction and the second direction at least partially overlap, thereby achieving better energy coupling between the first radiator and the second radiator.

[0045] In some embodiments, the electronic device also includes a second antenna structure, the operating frequency of the second antenna structure is different from the operating frequency of the first antenna structure, wherein the second antenna structure includes a third radiator, the third radiator is arranged on one side of the first radiator, a third port is provided on the third radiator, and a fourth matching circuit is provided at the third port for matching the third radiator to the operating frequency of the first antenna structure.

[0046] Exemplarily, the second antenna structure is used for WIFI communication.

[0047] In an embodiment of the present application, the first antenna structure and the second antenna structure work in a time-sharing manner. When the first antenna structure is working, the second antenna structure stops working. A fourth matching circuit is provided on the third radiator of the second antenna structure for matching the third radiator to the operating frequency of the first antenna structure. When the first antenna structure is working, the third radiator can be used as a part of the first antenna structure to operate at the operating frequency of the first antenna structure, that is, the third radiator, the first radiator and the second radiator work as a whole to minimize the impact of the third radiator on the first antenna structure.

[0048] In an embodiment in which the above-mentioned electronic device includes a second antenna structure, the electronic device also includes a third antenna structure, and the operating frequency of the third antenna structure is different from the operating frequency of the first antenna structure and the operating frequency of the second antenna structure, wherein the third antenna structure includes a fourth radiator, and the fourth radiator is arranged on the other side of the first radiator, and a fourth port is provided on the fourth radiator, and a fifth matching circuit is provided at the fourth port for matching the fourth radiator to the operating frequency of the first antenna structure.

[0049] Exemplarily, the third antenna structure can be used for LTE communication and / or NR communication.

[0050] In an embodiment of the present application, the first antenna structure, the second antenna structure and the third antenna structure work in a time-sharing manner. When the first antenna structure is working, the second antenna structure and the third antenna structure both stop working. A fifth matching circuit is provided on the fourth radiator of the third antenna structure for matching the fourth radiator to the working frequency of the first antenna structure. Combined with the fourth matching circuit provided on the third radiator of the second antenna structure for matching the third radiator to the working frequency of the first antenna structure, when the first antenna structure is working, the third radiator and the fourth radiator can be used as part of the first antenna structure to operate at the working frequency of the first antenna structure, that is, the third radiator, the fourth radiator, the first radiator and the second radiator work as a whole to minimize the impact of the third radiator and the fourth radiator on the first antenna structure.

[0051] In some embodiments, the first antenna structure further includes an antenna bracket, the second radiator is disposed on the antenna bracket, and the antenna bracket is disposed on the floor.

[0052] In the embodiment of the present application, the second radiator is set on the floor through the antenna bracket, which provides support for the second radiator.

[0053] In some embodiments, the first gap (323) is less than or equal to 2 mm, and / or the second gap (324) is less than or equal to 3 mm.

[0054] The size range of the first gap and / or the second gap is very suitable for thin and small handheld devices such as mobile phones, tablet computers, and notebooks.

[0055] In some embodiments, the first antenna structure is disposed on a top portion of the electronic device.

[0056] In an embodiment of the present application, the first antenna structure is arranged at the top of the electronic device. When the user holds the electronic device according to normal habits, the probability of the first antenna structure located at the top of the electronic device being blocked by the hand is small, which can avoid additional impact on the performance of the first antenna structure.

[0057] In some embodiments, a rear camera is disposed on the top of the electronic device, and the second radiator is disposed between the first radiator and the rear camera.

[0058] In some embodiments, the first antenna structure is used for satellite communications. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0059] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of various polarization forms of electromagnetic waves provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0060] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of an elliptically polarized wave provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0061] FIG3 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0062] FIG4 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device with a back cover removed provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0063] FIG. 5 is a current distribution diagram of a local area near the antenna structure in the electronic device shown in FIG. 4 when the operating frequency of the antenna structure in the prior art is 2.2 GHz.

[0064] FIG6 is a diagram showing the electric field distribution in a local area near the antenna structure of the electronic device shown in FIG4 when the operating frequency of the antenna structure in the prior art is 2.2 GHz.

[0065] FIG. 7 is a left-handed circularly polarized directivity diagram of the electronic device shown in FIG. 4 when the operating frequency of the antenna structure in the prior art is 2.2 GHz.

[0066] FIG8 is a left-handed circular polarization directivity diagram of the electronic device shown in FIG4 when the operating frequency of the antenna structure in the prior art is 2.0 GHz.

[0067] FIG9 is a schematic diagram of a local area near a first antenna structure in an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0068] FIG10 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a local area near the first antenna structure in the electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0069] FIG11 is a cross-sectional view of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application and equipped with a first antenna structure.

[0070] FIG12 is another cross-sectional view of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application and equipped with a first antenna structure.

[0071] FIG13 is another cross-sectional view of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application and equipped with a first antenna structure.

[0072] FIG14 is another schematic diagram of a local area near the first antenna structure in the electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0073] FIG15 is a schematic diagram of projections of a first radiator and a second radiator on a projection plane provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0074] FIG16 is another schematic diagram of a local area near the first antenna structure in the electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0075] FIG17 is another schematic diagram of a local area near the first antenna structure in the electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0076] FIG18 is a schematic diagram of a matching circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0077] FIG19 is another schematic diagram of a matching circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0078] Figure 20 is another schematic diagram of the local area near the first antenna structure in the electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0079] FIG21 is a current distribution diagram of a local area near the first antenna structure in the electronic device shown in FIG20 when the operating frequency of the first antenna structure provided in an embodiment of the present application is 2.2 GHz.

[0080] FIG22 is a diagram of the electric field distribution in a local area near the first antenna structure in the electronic device shown in FIG20 when the operating frequency of the first antenna structure provided in an embodiment of the present application is 2.2 GHz.

[0081] FIG23 is a left-handed circularly polarized directivity diagram of the electronic device shown in FIG20 when the operating frequency of the first antenna structure provided in an embodiment of the present application is 2.2 GHz.

[0082] FIG24 is a left-handed circularly polarized directivity diagram of the electronic device shown in FIG20 when the operating frequency of the first antenna structure provided in an embodiment of the present application is 2.0 GHz.

[0083] Figure 25 is another schematic diagram of the local area near the first antenna structure in the electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0084] Figure 26 is another stereoscopic schematic diagram of the local area near the first antenna structure in the electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0085] Figure 27 is another schematic diagram of the local area near the first antenna structure in the electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0086] Figure 28 is another schematic diagram of the local area near the first antenna structure in the electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0087] Figure 29 is another stereoscopic schematic diagram of the local area near the first antenna structure in the electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0088] FIG30 is a current distribution diagram of a local area near the first antenna structure in the electronic device shown in FIG29 when the operating frequency of the first antenna structure provided in an embodiment of the present application is 2.2 GHz.

[0089] FIG31 is a diagram of the electric field distribution in the local area near the first antenna structure in the electronic device shown in FIG29 when the operating frequency of the first antenna structure provided in an embodiment of the present application is 2.2 GHz.

[0090] Figure 32 is a right-handed circularly polarized directivity diagram of the electronic device shown in Figure 29 when the operating frequency of the first antenna structure provided in an embodiment of the present application is 2.2 GHz.

[0091] Figure 33 is a right-handed circularly polarized directivity diagram of the electronic device shown in Figure 29 when the operating frequency of the first antenna structure provided in an embodiment of the present application is 2.0 GHz.

[0092] Figure 34 is another schematic diagram of the local area near the first antenna structure in the electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0093] Figure 35 is another stereoscopic schematic diagram of the local area near the first antenna structure in the electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0094] Figure 36 is another schematic diagram of the local area near the first antenna structure in the electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0095] Figure 37 is another schematic diagram of the local area near the first antenna structure in the electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0096] Figure 38 is another schematic diagram of the matching circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0097] Figure 39 is another stereoscopic schematic diagram of the local area near the first antenna structure in the electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0098] Figure 40 is a current distribution diagram of a local area near the first antenna structure in the electronic device shown in Figure 39 when the operating frequency of the first antenna structure provided by an embodiment of the present application is 2.2 GHz.

[0099] Figure 41 is an electric field distribution diagram of a local area near the first antenna structure in the electronic device shown in Figure 39 when the operating frequency of the first antenna structure provided by an embodiment of the present application is 2.2 GHz.

[0100] Figure 42 is a left-handed circularly polarized directivity diagram of the electronic device shown in Figure 39 when the operating frequency of the first antenna structure provided in an embodiment of the present application is 2.2 GHz.

[0101] Figure 43 is a left-handed circularly polarized directivity diagram of the electronic device shown in Figure 39 when the operating frequency of the first antenna structure provided in an embodiment of the present application is 2.0 GHz.

[0102] Figure 44 is another schematic diagram of the local area near the first antenna structure in the electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0103] Figure 45 is another stereoscopic schematic diagram of the local area near the first antenna structure in the electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0104] Figure 46 is another schematic diagram of the local area near the first antenna structure in the electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0105] Figure 47 is another schematic diagram of the local area near the first antenna structure in the electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0106] Figure 48 is another stereoscopic schematic diagram of the local area near the first antenna structure in the electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0107] Figure 49 is a current distribution diagram of a local area near the first antenna structure in the electronic device shown in Figure 48 when the operating frequency of the first antenna structure provided in an embodiment of the present application is 2.2 GHz.

[0108] Figure 50 is an electric field distribution diagram of a local area near the first antenna structure in the electronic device shown in Figure 49 when the operating frequency of the first antenna structure provided in an embodiment of the present application is 2.2 GHz.

[0109] Figure 51 is a right-handed circularly polarized directivity diagram of the electronic device shown in Figure 49 when the operating frequency of the first antenna structure provided in an embodiment of the present application is 2.2 GHz.

[0110] Figure 52 is a right-handed circularly polarized directivity diagram of the electronic device shown in Figure 49 when the operating frequency of the first antenna structure provided in an embodiment of the present application is 2.0 GHz.

[0111] Figure 53 is another schematic diagram of the local area near the first antenna structure in the electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0112] The technical solution in this application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0113] It should be understood that in the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "connect," "connected," and "electrically connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above-mentioned terms in the embodiments of the present application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0114] "Connected" and "connected" can both refer to a mechanical connection relationship or a physical connection relationship, that is, A and B are connected or A and B are connected can mean that there are fastening components (such as screws, bolts, rivets, etc.) between A and B, or A and B are in contact with each other and A and B are difficult to separate.

[0115] "Electrical connection" can be understood as the physical contact and electrical conduction between components; it can also be understood as the form in which different components in the circuit structure are connected through physical lines such as printed circuit board (PCB) copper foil or wires that can transmit electrical signals.

[0116] It should also be understood that the “parallel” or “perpendicular” described in the embodiments of the present application can be understood as “approximately parallel” or “approximately perpendicular”.

[0117] It should also be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of the technical features indicated. Features specified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features.

[0118] In the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, a first feature being "above," "above," and "above" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below," "below," and "below" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0119] It should also be understood that the terms "inside", "outside", "top", "bottom", "front", "back", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship (if any), are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0120] In the embodiments of the present application, "at least one" refers to one or more, and "more" refers to two or more. "At least part of the element" refers to part or all of the element. "And / or" describes the association relationship of the associated objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates that the related objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0121] It should be noted that, in the embodiments of the present application, the same figure mark represents the same component or the same part. For the same parts in the embodiments of the present application, the figure may only mark one of the parts or components as an example. It should be understood that the figure mark also applies to other identical parts or components.

[0122] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application relate to the field of antennas and are used for the design of antenna structures, with the aim of improving the circular polarization performance of the antenna structure. The antenna structure can be well applied to satellite communications, but is not limited to satellite communications, and can also be applied to other communication technologies, as long as the circular polarization performance of the antenna structure can be improved. For example, in addition to satellite communications, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application can also be applied to: Bluetooth (blue tooth, BT) communication technology, wireless fidelity (wireless fidelity, WiFi) communication technology, long term evolution (long term evolution, LTE) communication technology, 5G communication technology, 6G communication technology and other future communication technologies.

[0123] To facilitate understanding, first, the relevant terms of the antenna involved in the embodiments of the present application are explained.

[0124] Polarization and circular polarization of electromagnetic waves

[0125] The polarization of an electromagnetic wave refers to the trajectory of the wave over time at a specific location in space. Electromagnetic wave polarization can be categorized into linear polarization, circular polarization, and elliptical polarization. Circular polarization and linear polarization can be considered special forms of elliptical polarization.

[0126] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of various polarization forms of electromagnetic waves provided in an embodiment of the present application, wherein (a) in Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a linearly polarized wave, (b1) and (b2) in Figure 1 are left-handed elliptically polarized waves and right-handed elliptically polarized waves, respectively, and (c1) and (c2) in Figure 1 are left-handed circularly polarized waves and right-handed circularly polarized waves, respectively. Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an elliptically polarized wave provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0127] Linear polarization: The electric field vector moves back and forth along a line, which is called linear polarization of the wave. As shown in (a) in Figure 1. Elliptical polarization: The magnitude of the electric field vector changes with time, and the trajectory of its end along the direction of rotation is an ellipse. The trajectory of this ellipse is called elliptical polarization. Among them, elliptical polarization is divided into left-hand elliptical polarization and right-hand elliptical polarization. The method for judging left-hand elliptical polarization and right-hand elliptical polarization can be as follows: point the thumb of your left hand in the direction of propagation of the electromagnetic wave and the other four fingers in the direction of rotation of the electric field. If it complies with the left-hand rule, it is called left-hand elliptical polarization; conversely, point the thumb of your right hand in the direction of propagation of the electromagnetic wave and the other four fingers in the direction of rotation of the electric field. If it complies with the right-hand rule, it is called right-hand elliptical polarization. In addition, elliptically polarized electromagnetic waves are called elliptically polarized waves, which are divided into left-hand elliptical polarization waves and right-hand elliptical polarization waves.

[0128] Referring to (b1) in Figure 1, the wave propagation direction is outward relative to the paper, the rotation direction of the electric field is clockwise, and the wave propagation direction and the electric field rotation direction conform to the left-hand rule. Therefore, the wave shown in (b1) in the figure is a left-handed elliptically polarized wave. Referring to (b2) in Figure 1, the wave propagation direction is outward relative to the paper, the rotation direction of the electric field is counterclockwise, and the wave propagation direction and the electric field rotation direction conform to the right-hand rule. Therefore, the wave shown in (b2) in the figure is a right-handed elliptically polarized wave. In (b1) and (b2) in Figure 1, E is the electric field vector, which represents the amplitude of the total linear polarization wave, E1 represents the amplitude of the linear polarization wave along the x-direction, and E2 represents the amplitude of the linear polarization wave along the y-direction. For elliptically polarized waves, E1 is not equal to E2.

[0129] Circular polarization: The electric field vector remains constant in magnitude, but its ends move in a circular motion. This circular motion is called a circularly polarized electromagnetic wave. Circular polarization is categorized into left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization. The determination of left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization is similar to that of left-hand elliptical polarization and right-hand elliptical polarization, so this will not be repeated here. Furthermore, circularly polarized electromagnetic waves are referred to as circularly polarized waves, and are categorized into left-hand circularly polarized waves and right-hand elliptical polarization waves.

[0130] Referring to (c1) in Figure 1, the wave propagates outward relative to the paper, and the electric field rotates clockwise. The wave propagation and electric field rotation directions conform to the left-hand rule. Therefore, the wave shown in (c1) is a left-hand circularly polarized wave. Referring to (c2) in Figure 1, the wave propagates outward relative to the paper, and the electric field rotates counterclockwise. The wave propagation and electric field rotation directions conform to the right-hand rule. Therefore, the wave shown in (c2) is a right-hand circularly polarized wave. For circularly polarized waves, E1 equals E2.

[0131] For elliptical polarization or circular polarization, from another perspective, if there are two perpendicular or orthogonal electric field components (for example, the electric field component Ex in the x-direction and the electric field component Ey in the y-direction) in a plane perpendicular to the wave propagation direction (for example, the z-direction), and the phase difference between these two electric field components is 90 degrees, an elliptically polarized or circularly polarized wave along the propagation direction can be formed. For circular polarization, the amplitudes of the linearly polarized waves in two mutually perpendicular directions in the plane perpendicular to the wave propagation direction are the same, that is, E1=E2. For elliptical polarization, E1 is not equal to E2. Taking circular polarization as an example, in the left-hand circularly polarized wave shown in (c1) in Figure 1, E1=E2, and the electric field component Ey in the y direction lags behind the electric field component Ex in the x direction by a phase angle of 90°. In the right-hand circularly polarized wave shown in (c2) in Figure 1, E1=E2, and the electric field component Ey in the y direction leads the electric field component Ex in the x direction by a phase angle of 90.

[0132] Compared to linearly polarized waves, circularly polarized or elliptically polarized waves have advantages such as being able to receive incoming linearly polarized waves, reducing the impact of reflected signals, and having excellent penetration capabilities. Therefore, they have important applications in communications, radar, electronic countermeasures, electronic reconnaissance, broadcasting, and television. Therefore, for antennas primarily used in satellite communications, the antenna structure of the embodiments of this application focuses on improving the circular polarization performance of the antenna.

[0133] It should be noted that in practical applications, the ideal circularly polarized waves defined above are difficult to achieve, and elliptically polarized waves are usually used. Therefore, in the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise specified, the ideal circular polarization and elliptically polarized waves are collectively referred to as circular polarization of the wave, or the ideal circularly polarized waves and elliptically polarized waves are collectively referred to as circularly polarized waves. From another perspective, the ideal circular polarization of the wave can be regarded as an ideal state of elliptical polarization.

[0134] For circularly polarized waves, a specific metric for measuring circular polarization performance is the axial ratio (AR). AR is the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of an ellipse. Referring to Figure 2, AR = OA / OB. For an ideal circularly polarized wave, AR = 1, as shown in (c1) and (c2) in Figure 1. For an elliptically polarized wave, AR > 1, as shown in (c1) and (c2) in Figure 1. Furthermore, for linearly polarized waves, AR = ∞. As can be seen, the larger the axial ratio, the worse the circular polarization performance.

[0135] Electrical length

[0136] Electrical length can be expressed as the ratio of the physical length (i.e., mechanical length or geometric length) multiplied by the propagation time of an electrical or electromagnetic signal in a medium to the time required for the signal to travel the same distance as the physical length of the medium in free space. The electrical length can satisfy the following formula: Where L is the physical length, a is the propagation time of the electrical or electromagnetic signal in the medium, and b is the propagation time in free space.

[0137] Alternatively, electrical length may also refer to the ratio of the physical length (i.e., mechanical length or geometric length) to the wavelength of the transmitted electromagnetic wave, where the electrical length may satisfy the following formula: Where L is the physical length and λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.

[0138] For an antenna in a specific operating frequency band, the size of the radiator can be represented by the electrical length of the radiator. The physical length of the radiator can be obtained by the electrical length and the operating wavelength of the antenna.

[0139] Feed point and feed source

[0140] Feed point: The location (or point) where the antenna connects to the feed line is called the feed point. This is where the electrical signal is supplied to the antenna. The location of the antenna's feed point can affect antenna performance. For example, if the antenna is fed from a feed point in one location, the antenna's radiation efficiency is low, while if it is fed from another location, the antenna's radiation efficiency is high.

[0141] Feed: An excitation source used to provide an electrical signal to the feed point. The feed is electrically connected to the antenna's radiator at the feed point to feed the antenna.

[0142] Ground (GND)

[0143] The floor is a crucial concept and connection point in electrical circuits. It represents a circuit's reference point or base point, the location of the circuit's zero potential. The floor connects to other electronic components, providing a common potential reference and enabling a current loop between components. Furthermore, the floor provides shielding and protection, preventing electric shock to users and damage to equipment.

[0144] For devices like mobile phones and tablets, the electronic components inside these devices are grounded. Any metal structure used to achieve this grounding function can serve as the floor of the device. For example, the middle frame used to support electronic components, the metal layer of the PCB, or other metal surfaces in the device can serve as the floor.

[0145] The technical solution of the embodiment of the present application is used for the design of the antenna structure, and the electronic device suitable for the application of the antenna structure can be any device that can communicate through the antenna. For example, the electronic device can be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a smart bracelet, a smart watch, a smart helmet, smart glasses, etc. The electronic device can also be a cellular phone, a cordless phone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a handheld device with wireless communication function, a computing device or other processing device connected to a wireless modem, a vehicle-mounted device, a terminal device in a 5G network or a terminal device in a future evolved public land mobile communication network (PLMN), etc., and the embodiment of the present application is not limited to this.

[0146] For ease of description, the embodiment of the present application defines a coordinate system in which the x-direction, y-direction, and z-direction are perpendicular to each other. For the electronic device described below, the z-direction may be the thickness direction of the electronic device (or, housing), the y-direction may be the length direction of the electronic device (or, housing), the x-direction may be the width direction of the electronic device (or, housing), or the y-direction may be the width direction of the electronic device (or, housing), and the x-direction may be the length direction of the electronic device (or, housing). Exemplarily, in the embodiment of the present application, the y-direction is taken as the length direction of the electronic device (or, housing), and the x-direction is taken as the width direction of the electronic device (or, housing) as an example to illustrate the electronic device and the antenna structure configured therein. In addition, since the x-direction, y-direction, and z-direction all have positive and negative directions, for ease of description, the positive direction of the x-direction is referred to as the positive x-direction, and the negative direction of the x-direction is referred to as the negative x-direction. Similarly, for the positive and negative directions of the y-direction and z-direction, they are referred to as the positive y-direction, the negative y-direction, the positive z-direction, and the negative z-direction.

[0147] FIG3 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application, which mainly illustrates the internal environment of the electronic device. Here, a mobile phone is used as an example for explanation.

[0148] 3 , from top to bottom along the z direction, the electronic device 100 may include a cover plate 10 , a display screen 11 , a housing 12 , an internal structure 13 and a back cover 14 .

[0149] The cover plate 10 is a glass cover plate, which is arranged closely against the display screen 11 and is mainly used to protect the display screen 11 from dust.

[0150] Exemplarily, the display screen 11 may be a liquid crystal display (LCD), a light emitting diode (LED), or an organic light emitting diode (OLED), etc., and this application does not impose any limitation thereto.

[0151] The internal structure 13 is disposed within the housing 12 and includes a collection of electronic components and mechanical components that implement the various functions of the electronic device 100. For example, the internal structure 13 may include a printed circuit board (PCB), a battery, a shielding cover, an earpiece, a front camera, a rear camera, a microphone, a speaker, a sensor, a universal serial bus (USB) interface, a processor, screws, reinforcement ribs, etc.

[0152] The back cover 14 may be the back appearance surface of the electronic device 100 . The back cover 14 may be made of glass, ceramic, plastic, etc. in different implementations.

[0153] The housing 12 may serve as the main frame of the electronic device 100 and provide rigid support for the electronic device 100. For example, the housing 12 may be made of a metal material, such as aluminum alloy.

[0154] In some embodiments, the housing 12 includes a middle frame 12a and a side frame 12b. The side frame 12b surrounds the middle frame 12a. An internal structure 13 is provided on the middle frame 12a for supporting the internal structure 13. The side frame 12b surrounds the internal structure 13.

[0155] The frame 12b can extend around the periphery of the electronic device 100. Specifically, the frame 12b can surround the four sides of the display screen 11 to help secure the display screen 11. In one example, the frame 12b made of a metal material can be directly used as the metal frame of the electronic device 100, creating a metal frame appearance, suitable for metal industrial design (ID). In another example, the outer surface of the frame 12b can also be made of a non-metallic material, such as a plastic frame, creating a non-metal frame appearance, suitable for non-metal ID.

[0156] 4 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device with its back cover removed provided by an embodiment of the present application. Continuing with the example of a mobile phone, the following mainly describes the housing 12 and the relationship between the housing 12 and a portion of the internal structure 13.

[0157] In some embodiments, referring to Figure 4, the frame 12b of the shell 12 can be a metal frame interrupted by one or more gaps, and these gaps can interrupt the metal frame 12b, thereby obtaining independent metal branches. Among them, these gaps are filled with an insulating medium (such as plastic). Exemplarily, some or all of these metal branches can be used as radiators of the antenna, thereby realizing structural reuse in the antenna setting process and reducing the difficulty of antenna setting. When the metal branch is used as the radiator of the antenna, the position of the gap corresponding to the gap set at one end or both ends of the metal branch can be flexibly selected according to the setting of the antenna. For example, in Figure 4, the frame 12b can be provided with gaps 1a, gaps 1b, gaps 1c and gaps 1d at different positions to form 4 independent metal branches, 3 of which can be used as radiators of the antenna, which can be recorded as radiators 121, radiators 122 and radiators 123.

[0158] Continuing with reference to Figure 4, one or more metal pins 120 may also be provided on the frame 12b. In one example, the metal pin 120 may be provided with a screw hole for fixing other structural members by screws. In another example, the metal pin 120 may also be coupled with other electronic components to achieve corresponding electrical connection functions. In another example, the metal pin 120 may be electrically connected to a feeding point so that when the metal branch connected to the metal pin 120 is used as a radiator of the antenna, the antenna is fed through the metal pin 120. For example, taking the radiator 121 shown in Figure 4 as an example, a feeding point (not shown in the figure) is provided on the radiator 121, and the metal pin 120 connected to the radiator 121 is electrically connected to the feeding point, and the feed source 136 feeds the radiator 121 at the feeding point through the metal pin 120.

[0159] A PCB is provided on the middle frame 12a of the housing 12. The PCB is provided with multiple electronic components, including but not limited to a front camera 134, an earpiece 135, a rear camera (not shown), a memory (not shown), a processor (not shown), a radio frequency module (not shown), a speaker (not shown), a microphone (not shown), a USB port (not shown), and sensors (not shown). Metal may be provided inside or on the surface of these electronic components. For example, the PCB may be made of a flame-resistant material (FR-4) dielectric board, a Rogers dielectric board, or a hybrid of Rogers and FR-4. FR-4 is a designation for a grade of flame-resistant material, and Rogers dielectric board is a high-frequency board. A metal layer may be provided on one side of the PCB near the middle frame 12a. This metal layer may be formed by etching metal on the surface of the PCB. This metal layer can be used to ground the electronic components carried on the PCB to prevent electric shock to the user or damage to the device. This metal layer may be referred to as the PCB ground plane. It should be understood that the electronic device 100 is not limited to the PCB floor, and may also have other floors for grounding, such as the middle frame 12a or other metal planes in the electronic device.

[0160] Continuing to refer to Figure 4, the electronic device 100 also includes a battery 133, which can divide the PCB into a main board and a sub-board. Exemplarily, PCB131 can serve as the main board of the electronic device 100, for example, located between the upper side of the frame 12b (i.e., the part in the positive direction of the y-direction) and the upper side of the battery 133, and PCB132 can serve as the sub-board of the electronic device 100, for example, located between the lower side of the frame 12b (i.e., the part in the negative direction of the y-direction) and the lower side of the battery 133. In one example, PCB131 and PCB132 can be completely separated by the battery 133 as shown in Figure 4. In another example, PCB131 and PCB132 can also be connected, such as an L-shaped PCB design (not shown in the figure). It should be understood that the "upper side" and "lower side" of the components here refer to the part of the component in the positive direction of the y-direction and the part of the component in the negative direction of the y-direction in the orientation shown in Figure 4, and should not constitute a limitation to this application.

[0161] For example, the PCB 131 as the main board can be provided with a front camera 134, an earpiece 135, a rear camera 137, a memory (not shown in the figure), a processor (not shown in the figure), a radio frequency module and other devices. Among them, the radio frequency module mainly includes: a power amplifier, an antenna switch module, a front-end module, a duplexer, a filter and a synthesizer, etc. For example, the PCB 132 as the small board can be provided with devices such as a speaker, a microphone, a USB interface and related circuits. In addition, the PCB 132 can also be provided with a radio frequency module corresponding to the antenna located at the bottom of the electronic device (i.e., the negative part of the y direction of the electronic device).

[0162] In the above example, PCB 131 , PCB 132 , battery 133 , and various components provided on PCB 131 and PCB 132 may be part or all of the components of the internal structure 13 shown in FIG. 3 .

[0163] In electronic devices, the middle frame 12a, the PCB, or any metal layer or metal plane electrically connected to the middle frame 12a can serve as a floor, grounding electronic components to prevent electric shock or damage to the device. It should be understood that the middle frame 12a serves as the floor. Since the PCB is disposed within and electrically connected to the middle frame 12a, the PCB can also serve as the floor. Alternatively, the middle frame 12a and PCB as a whole can be considered the floor.

[0164] When some or all of the metal branches of frame 12b serve as the antenna's radiator, referring again to FIG4 , a dielectric layer 130 is further formed within electronic device 100 to isolate the different radiators and the radiators from the floor. The gaps between the radiators and middle frame 12a, which serves as the floor, form a clearance area filled with an insulating dielectric (e.g., plastic). Furthermore, the gaps between the radiators are also filled with an insulating dielectric, forming dielectric layer 130. Exemplarily, dielectric layer 130 can be formed using nanomolding technology (NMT), with plastic particles being a dielectric material.

[0165] In the related art, taking mobile phones and satellite communications as examples, and continuing to refer to Figure 4, the radiator of the antenna structure used for satellite communication can be a metal branch that is part of the frame 12b of the mobile phone, and the radiator can be the radiator 121 located at the top of the mobile phone (that is, the part in the positive y direction shown in Figure 5). In this way, when the user holds the mobile phone according to normal habits, the probability of the antenna structure at the top of the mobile phone being blocked by the hand is small, and no additional impact is caused on the performance of the antenna structure. In this structure, the propagation direction of the wave radiated by the antenna is near the positive y direction. Here, the propagation direction is taken as the positive y direction as an example for explanation. The propagation direction is perpendicular to the plane where the radiator 121 is located (that is, the xz plane). A feeding point (not shown in the figure) is provided on the radiator 121, and the feed source 136 feeds the radiator 121 at the feeding point. However, the circular polarization performance of this antenna structure is poor, and the user experience is poor.

[0166] The following describes the antenna structure shown in FIG4 , using the simulation results corresponding to the antenna structures shown in FIG5 to FIG8 , as an example, with the antenna structure operating at 2.2 GHz and 2.0 GHz, and used to transmit and receive left-hand circularly polarized waves. Of course, the antenna structure can also be used to transmit and receive right-hand circularly polarized waves, and this is not limited in any way by the present embodiment.

[0167] Figure 5 is a current distribution diagram of a local area near the antenna structure of the electronic device shown in Figure 4 when the operating frequency of the antenna structure of the prior art is 2.2 GHz. Figure 6 is an electric field distribution diagram of a local area near the antenna structure of the electronic device shown in Figure 4 when the operating frequency of the antenna structure of the prior art is 2.2 GHz. Figure 7 is a left-handed circularly polarized directivity diagram of the electronic device shown in Figure 4 when the operating frequency of the antenna structure of the prior art is 2.2 GHz. Figure 8 is a left-handed circularly polarized directivity diagram of the electronic device shown in Figure 4 when the operating frequency of the antenna structure of the prior art is 2.0 GHz.

[0168] In Figure 5, the radiator 121 generates radiation in the area in the positive y direction of the frame 12b. In Figure 6, for a wave with a propagation direction in the positive y direction, an electric field component distributed along the x direction (as shown in the dotted area in the figure) and an electric field component in the z direction (almost invisible) will be generated, but the electric field component in the z direction is very small. Based on the formation mechanism of circularly polarized waves, it can be seen that two perpendicular orthogonal electric field components need to exist in a plane perpendicular to the propagation direction of the wave (such as the positive y direction) (such as the xz plane). Although the above antenna structure forms an electric field component distributed along the x direction and an electric field component distributed along the z direction, the small electric field component in the z direction is not conducive to the formation of circularly polarized waves, resulting in poor circular polarization performance of the antenna structure.

[0169] When the antenna structure is used to transmit and receive left-hand circularly polarized waves, we are concerned about the left-hand circular polarization directivity of the antenna structure. When the antenna structure is configured in an electronic device for data simulation, the electronic device will be simulated as a whole, and the left-hand circular polarization directivity obtained is the left-hand circular polarization directivity of the entire electronic device. For the left-hand circular polarization directivity of the directional range for transmitting and receiving left-hand circularly polarized waves that we are concerned about (for example, the direction near the positive y direction), there will be left-hand circular polarization directivities in various directions within this directional range. The maximum left-hand circular polarization directivity within this directional range is taken as the left-hand circular polarization directivity of this directional range, and the direction where the maximum left-hand circular polarization directivity is located is within this directional range. In Figure 7, the dotted circle marks the directional range for transmitting and receiving left-hand circularly polarized waves that we are interested in. The lower left corner of the left-hand circularly polarized directivity diagram in Figure 7 shows the left-hand circular polarization directivity of the electronic device. This left-hand circular polarization directivity is the maximum left-hand circular polarization directivity of the electronic device. This maximum left-hand circular polarization directivity is the left-hand circular polarization directivity of the electronic device in a certain direction. Since the direction of the maximum left-hand circular polarization directivity of the electronic device is within the dotted circle mark area, the left-hand circular polarization directivity of the electronic device shown in Figure 7 can be used as the left-hand circular polarization directivity of the directional range for transmitting and receiving left-hand circularly polarized waves that we are interested in. Based on this, in the simulation results of Figure 7, the left-hand circular polarization directivity of the antenna structure obtained is 0.9625dBi.

[0170] FIG8 is a left-hand circular polarization pattern of the electronic device shown in FIG4 when the operating frequency of the antenna structure of the prior art is 2.0 GHz. FIG8 (a) is a left-hand circular polarization pattern in a spherical coordinate system. FIG8 (b) is a left-hand circular polarization pattern in a two-dimensional coordinate system, wherein the horizontal coordinate is the azimuth angle φ, which has a value range of [0,360], and the vertical coordinate is the polar angle θ, which has a value range of [0,180]. The azimuth angle φ is the angle measured clockwise starting from the y direction on the equatorial plane (the plane determined by the y direction and the x direction). The polar angle θ is the angle between the z direction and the radial distance r, and r is the distance from the spherical coordinate point to the center of the sphere.

[0171] Regarding the left-hand circular polarization directivity of the directional range for transmitting and receiving left-hand circularly polarized waves marked by the dotted circle that we are concerned about, the direction of the left-hand circular polarization directivity of the electronic device shown in the lower left corner of the left-hand circular polarization directivity diagram in Figure 8 (a) is not in the directional range marked by the dotted circle that we are concerned about. Therefore, the directional range marked by the dotted circle that we are concerned about is found in Figure 8 (b), and the maximum left-hand circular polarization directivity within this directional range is used as the left-hand circular polarization directivity of this directional range. The maximum left-hand circular polarization directivity is -0.6411dBi, and the coordinates of the maximum left-hand circular polarization direction are (φ=95°, θ=95°). That is to say, in the simulation results of Figure 8, the left-hand circular polarization directivity of the antenna structure obtained is -0.6411dBi.

[0172] In summary, it can be seen that no matter at which operating frequency, the circular polarization performance of the antenna structure in the prior art is poor.

[0173] Based on the problem of poor circular polarization performance of the above-mentioned antenna structure, an embodiment of the present application provides a new antenna structure and an electronic device equipped with the antenna structure. The antenna structure includes two radiators that are not in contact with each other, the first radiator is arranged on one side of the floor (for example, a part of the frame can be formed as the first radiator), and the second radiator is arranged parallel to the floor. The antenna structure is fed by a feeding point set on at least one radiator, so that the two radiators couple energy to radiate electromagnetic waves, and the antenna structure can generate electric field components in two directions perpendicular to each other (for example, the x direction and the z direction). In the above structure, by providing the second radiator in parallel on the floor, an additional electric field component can be provided in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the floor (for example, the z direction), thereby improving the circular polarization performance of the antenna structure.

[0174] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of a local area near the first antenna structure in an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 10 is a stereoscopic schematic diagram of a local area near the first antenna structure in an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0175] Referring to Figures 9 and 10 , the electronic device includes a first antenna structure and a floor panel 30. The first antenna structure includes a first radiator 21 and a second radiator 22. The first radiator 21 is disposed on one side of the floor panel 30, with a first gap 323 separating the first radiator 21 and the floor panel 30. The second radiator 22 is disposed parallel to the floor panel 30, with a second gap 324 separating the second radiator 22 and the floor panel 30 (as shown in Figure 10 ). The first radiator 21 and the second radiator 22 do not contact each other. A feed point 230 is provided on at least one of the first radiator 21 and the second radiator 22. Figures 9 and 10 only illustrate a structure in which a single feed point 230 is provided on the second radiator 22. Other examples are described below. When fed at the feeding point 230, the first radiator 21 and the second radiator 22 operate at the same operating frequency. In this way, energy coupling can be performed between the first radiator 21 and the second radiator 22 to radiate electromagnetic waves, and the first antenna structure can generate an electric field component distributed along a first direction (for example, the x direction) and an electric field component distributed along a second direction (for example, the z direction). The first direction (for example, the x direction) and the second direction (for example, the z direction) are perpendicular. The first direction (for example, the x direction) is parallel to the length direction of the first radiator 21, and the second direction (for example, the z direction) is perpendicular to the plane where the floor 30 is located.

[0176] The floor 30 may be any metal layer or metal plane of the electronic device. For example, the floor 30 may be the middle frame or PCB of the electronic device, etc., and is used to ground electronic components to prevent users from getting electric shock or equipment damage.

[0177] Continuing with Figures 9 and 10 , first radiator 21 is disposed on one side of floor 30. Exemplarily, first radiator 21 is perpendicular to floor 30. That is, the plane of first radiator 21 (e.g., the xz plane) is perpendicular to the plane of floor 30 (e.g., the xy plane). It should be understood that "perpendicular" here means substantially perpendicular, and the angle between the two can be within a certain tolerance range, for example, the tolerance range can be greater than or equal to 0° and less than or equal to 15°. Exemplarily, the angle between first radiator 21 and floor 30 can be between 75° and 105°, where the range includes the boundary values ​​of 75° and 105°. The explanation of "perpendicular" is the same below and will not be repeated.

[0178] It should also be understood that the plane on which the first radiator 21 is located represents the plane on which the projected area of ​​the first radiator 21 is the largest. For example, the plane on which the projected area of ​​the first radiator 21 is the largest is the xz plane, and therefore, the plane on which the first radiator 21 is located is the xz plane. The explanations regarding the plane on which the floor 30 is located and the planes on which other components, such as the second radiator 22, described below, are similar here and are not repeated here.

[0179] Continuing with FIG9 , the first gap 323 between the first radiator 21 and the floor 30 can be referred to as the clearance of the first radiator 21 relative to the floor 30. Specifically, the clearance is the distance between the projection of the first radiator 21 on the plane (e.g., the xy plane) of the floor 30 and the floor 30. It will be appreciated that, within a certain range, a large clearance can improve the performance of the antenna structure, for example, effectively increasing the bandwidth of the antenna structure.

[0180] The size of the first gap 323 is denoted as L3. For example, the size L3 of the first gap 323 can be less than or equal to 2 millimeters (mm). This size range is very suitable for thin and small handheld devices such as mobile phones, tablets, and notebooks. For example, the size L3 of the first gap 323 can be 2 mm, 1.5 mm, 1 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.5 mm, etc.

[0181] In some embodiments, the electrical length of the first radiator 21 in a first direction (e.g., the x-direction) is between half a wavelength and a quarter wavelength, where the wavelength is the operating wavelength of the first antenna structure. Here, the range of the electrical length between half a wavelength and a quarter wavelength includes the boundary values ​​of half a wavelength and a quarter wavelength. It will be understood that the electrical length or physical length of the radiator described in this application represents the dimension of the radiator in its length direction (e.g., the x-direction). For an explanation of the electrical length, please refer to the above description and will not be repeated here.

[0182] Of course, in other embodiments, the electrical length of the first radiator 21 in the first direction (eg, the x-direction) may also be in other ranges of wavelengths (eg, one eighth of the wavelength), which is not limited here.

[0183] In some embodiments, first radiator 21 may be part of a metal frame of an electronic device. Continuing with Figures 9 and 10 , frame 31 of the electronic device is interrupted by gaps 321 and 322 . The resulting independent metal branches serve as first radiator 21 of the first antenna structure. In other words, first radiator 21 is part of frame 21 .

[0184] Continuing with Figures 9 and 10 , second radiator 22 is disposed parallel to floor 30. That is, second radiator 22 is disposed on floor 30 and is parallel to floor 30. That is, the plane (e.g., the xy plane) on which second radiator 22 resides is parallel to the plane (e.g., the xy plane) on which floor 30 resides. It should be understood that "parallel" here means substantially parallel, and the angle between the two can be within a certain tolerance range. For example, the tolerance range can be greater than or equal to 0° and less than or equal to 15°. For example, the angle between second radiator 22 and floor 30 can be between 0° and 15°. Here, the range of 0° to 15° includes the boundary values ​​of 0° and 15°. The explanation of "parallel" is the same below and will not be repeated.

[0185] Exemplarily, the length direction of the first radiator 21 is parallel to the length direction of the second radiator 22 .

[0186] Continuing with reference to FIG10 , when the second radiator 22 is disposed on the floor 30 , a second gap 324 between the second radiator 22 and the floor 30 is a height difference of the second radiator 22 relative to the floor 30 in a second direction (e.g., z direction) perpendicular to the plane (e.g., xy plane) where the floor 30 is located. This height difference can be referred to as a working height.

[0187] The size of the second gap 324 is denoted as h. Exemplarily, the size h of the second gap 324 is less than or equal to 3 mm. For example, the size h of the second gap 324 can be 3 mm, 2.5 mm, 2 mm, 1.8 mm, 1.5 mm, 1 mm, etc. This size range is very suitable for thin and small handheld devices such as mobile phones, tablet computers, and notebooks. Taking mobile phones or tablet computers as an example, the general thickness is between 7 mm and 10 mm. Within the range of 7 mm to 10 mm, theoretically, the larger h is, the more conducive to improving the performance of the antenna structure. Since components arranged along the thickness direction, such as the display screen, back cover, and PCB, occupy a part of the size, it is more appropriate for h to be less than or equal to 3 mm.

[0188] In some embodiments, the second radiator 22 can be formed on a support member such as an antenna bracket by laser direct structuring (LDS) technology, flexible printed circuit (FPC) technology, floating metal (FLM) technology, or PCB technology, and this application does not limit this.

[0189] In some embodiments, the electrical length of the second radiator 22 in the first direction (e.g., the x-direction) is between one-half wavelength and one-quarter wavelength. Of course, in other embodiments, the electrical length of the second radiator 22 in the first direction (e.g., the x-direction) can also be in another range of wavelengths (e.g., one-eighth wavelength), and no limitation is imposed herein.

[0190] In the embodiment of the present application, the second radiator 22 is arranged on the floor 30, and a second gap 324 is separated from the second radiator 22 and the floor 30. The antenna bracket arranged on the floor 30 can support the second radiator 22, or other components can also support the second radiator 22.

[0191] Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view of an electronic device configured with a first antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 12 is another cross-sectional view of an electronic device configured with a first antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present application. Figure 13 is another cross-sectional view of an electronic device configured with a first antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0192] In some embodiments, referring to FIG11 , from bottom to top along the z-direction, a PCB 301 is disposed on the middle frame 302, the PCB 301 being electrically connected to the middle frame 302, an antenna support 24 being disposed on the PCB 301, and the second radiator 22 being disposed on the antenna support 24. Here, the floor 30 is the PCB 301, and the antenna support 24 is formed of an insulating medium (e.g., plastic). The antenna support 24 serves as a support for the second radiator 22, which is disposed on the PCB 301 serving as the floor 30 via the antenna support 24.

[0193] In other embodiments, referring to FIG12 , from bottom to top along the z-direction, the antenna support 24 is disposed on the middle frame 302, and the second radiator 22 is disposed on the antenna support 24. Here, the floor 30 is the middle frame 302, and the second radiator 22 is disposed on the middle frame 302 serving as the floor 30 via the antenna support 24. It will be appreciated that in this embodiment, the PCB is located in another area of ​​the electronic device, and the PCB and the second radiator 22 do not overlap in the z-direction.

[0194] In the above example, the second radiator 22 is disposed on the floor 30 via the antenna bracket 24 . In other examples, the second gap 324 between the second radiator 22 and the floor 30 may not require an antenna bracket.

[0195] In other embodiments, referring to Figure 13, taking PCB301 as an example of the floor 30, there is no antenna bracket between the second radiator 22 and the second gap 324 between the PCB301, and the second radiator 22 is fixedly arranged on the back cover 35 of the electronic device, and the back cover 35 serves as a support member for the second radiator 22.

[0196] In the embodiment of the present application, first radiator 21 and second radiator 22 do not contact each other, indicating that the two radiators are physically isolated. Continuing with FIG9 , with floor 30 as a reference object, the projections of first radiator 21 and second radiator 22 on the plane of floor 30 (e.g., the xy plane) do not overlap, and a gap exists between the projections, the size of which is L4.

[0197] Regarding the feeding point 230 , at least one of the first radiator 21 and the second radiator 22 is provided with the feeding point 230 .

[0198] In some embodiments, multiple feeding points 230 are provided on at least one of the first radiator 21 and the second radiator 22. That is, multiple feeding points 230 can be provided in the first antenna structure. This arrangement of multiple feeding points in an antenna structure is referred to as distributed feeding. The multiple feeding points 230 can be distributed on the first radiator 21, or on the second radiator 22, or on both the first radiator 21 and the second radiator 22, without any limitation herein. When the multiple feeding points 230 are distributed on the first radiator 21 and the second radiator 22, the number of feeding points 230 on the first radiator 21 and the second radiator 22 can be arbitrary and specifically designed based on actual conditions. For example, one feeding point 230 can be provided on the first radiator 21, and two feeding points 230 can be provided on the second radiator 22.

[0199] In other embodiments, the first antenna structure is provided with a feeding point 230, which is provided on one of the first radiator 21 and the second radiator 22. It can be understood that providing a feeding point 230 in the first antenna structure is simple in design and easy to implement.

[0200] In one example, referring to FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 , a feeding point 230 is provided on the second radiator 22 .

[0201] Compared to the prior art, the second radiator 22 is a newly added radiator intended to provide an additional electric field component in a second direction (e.g., the z-direction) perpendicular to the plane of the floor 30 (e.g., the xy plane). Positioning the feed point 230 on the second radiator 22 allows the second radiator 22 to be more fully excited, providing more electric field components in the second direction (e.g., the z-direction) perpendicular to the plane of the floor 30. Furthermore, in embodiments where the first radiator 21 is part of the metal frame of the electronic device, since components such as the display screen and the earpiece surrounding the frame 31 may affect the performance of the first radiator 21, positioning the feed point 230 on the second radiator 22 can, to a certain extent, reduce the impact of these components on the first antenna structure.

[0202] In another example, FIG14 is another schematic diagram of a local area near the first antenna structure in the electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application. Referring to FIG14 , a feeding point 230 is provided on the first radiator 21 .

[0203] In the embodiment in which the first antenna structure is provided with a feed point 230, in some embodiments, the feed point 230 is provided near another radiator that is not provided with the feed point 230. For example, in Figures 9 and 10, the feed point 230 is provided on the second radiator 22, and the feed point 230 is provided near the first radiator 21. For another example, in Figure 14, the feed point 230 is provided on the first radiator 21, and the feed point 230 is provided near the second radiator 22.

[0204] In the above embodiment, the two radiators do not contact each other and radiate electromagnetic waves through energy coupling. Setting the feeding point 230 close to another radiator without a feeding point 230 can reduce energy loss and improve the coupling performance of the first antenna structure.

[0205] In the embodiment in which the first antenna structure is provided with a feeding point 230 , in some embodiments, a feeding point 230 is provided at one end of one of the first radiator 21 and the second radiator 22 distributed along the first direction (eg, the x direction).

[0206] That is, the radiator provided with the feed point 230 has two ends distributed along the first direction (e.g., the x-direction), and the feed point 230 can be provided at either end. This structure of providing the feed point 230 at the end of the radiator 21 is conducive to the formation of left-handed circularly polarized waves or right-handed circularly polarized waves.

[0207] Taking the example of a feed point 230 being disposed on the second radiator 22, with reference to Figures 9 and 10, and using the coordinate system shown as a reference, the second radiator 22 has two ends distributed along a first direction (e.g., the x-direction), denoted as a first end 221 and a second end 222. In one example, the feed point 230 is disposed at the first end 221 of the second radiator 22, that is, the feed point 230 is disposed at the end of the second radiator 22 located in the negative x-direction. It will be appreciated that this arrangement facilitates adjusting the phase difference between the two perpendicular orthogonal electric field components (e.g., the electric field components in the x-direction and the z-direction) generated by the first antenna structure, such that the phase difference meets the phase requirements for left-hand circular polarization, thereby facilitating the formation of left-hand circularly polarized waves.

[0208] Taking the example of the feeding point 230 being disposed on the second radiator 22, in another example, the feeding point 230 is disposed at the second end 222 of the second radiator 22, that is, the feeding point 230 is disposed at the end of the second radiator 22 located in the positive x-direction. This arrangement facilitates the formation of right-handed circularly polarized waves. For a detailed description, please refer to the detailed description of Figures 25 and 26 below.

[0209] It should be understood that the first end 221 of the second radiator 22 can be a segment, a surface, or a portion of the second radiator 22 from the endpoint. That is, the distance between all points on the first end 221 of the second radiator 22 and the endpoint is less than a threshold, and it cannot be narrowly understood as necessarily a single point. The explanation of the second end 222 of the second radiator 22 is the same here. The explanation of the end or a certain end of a component or structure below is also the same here and will not be repeated here.

[0210] It should also be understood that in the above description, an end of the second radiator 22 (first end 221 or second end 22) extending along a first direction (e.g., the x-direction) may also be described as "an end of the second radiator 22 extending along a third direction (e.g., the y-direction)," and the two descriptions are interchangeable. Below, an end of the first radiator 21 (first end 211 or second end 212) extending along a first direction (e.g., the x-direction) may also be described as "an end of the first radiator 21 extending along a third direction (e.g., the y-direction)."

[0211] Taking the example of a feed point 230 disposed on the first radiator 21, referring to Figure 14 , the first radiator 21 has two ends distributed along a first direction (e.g., the x-direction), denoted as a first end 211 and a second end 212. In one example, the feed point 230 is disposed at the first end 211 of the first radiator 21, that is, at the end of the first radiator 21 located in the negative x-direction. This arrangement facilitates the formation of left-handed circularly polarized waves.

[0212] Taking the example of the feeding point 230 being disposed on the first radiator 21, in another example, the feeding point 230 is disposed at the second end 212 of the first radiator 21, that is, the feeding point 230 is disposed at the end of the first radiator 21 located in the positive x-direction. This arrangement facilitates the formation of right-handed circularly polarized electromagnetic waves. For a detailed description, please refer to the detailed description of FIG. 27 below.

[0213] In the above embodiment, three directions are defined: a first direction, a second direction, and a third direction, and the three directions are perpendicular to each other.

[0214] The first direction (e.g., the x-direction) is parallel to the length of the first radiator 21 or the length of the second radiator 22. The second direction (e.g., the z-direction) is perpendicular to the plane of the floor 30 or the second radiator 22. Because the radiator is a thin metal layer or sheet, the second direction can also be expressed as a direction parallel to the thickness of the second radiator 22. The third direction (e.g., the y-direction) is perpendicular to both the first and second directions. At another angle, the third direction can be expressed as a direction parallel to the plane of the floor 30 (e.g., the xy plane) and perpendicular to the first direction (e.g., the x-direction).

[0215] In the above embodiment, the first radiator 21 is arranged on one side of the floor 30, and the second radiator 22 is arranged parallel to the floor 30. The first antenna structure is fed by a feeding point 230 set on at least one radiator, so that energy coupling can be performed between the first radiator 21 and the second radiator 22 to radiate electromagnetic waves, and can generate an electric field component distributed along a first direction (for example, the x direction) and an electric field component distributed along a second direction (for example, the z direction). Among them, the propagation direction of the first antenna structure is roughly parallel to the third direction (for example, the y direction). For example, the propagation direction is the positive y direction. Since the second radiator 22 arranged on the floor 30 is added, the second radiator 22 can provide an additional electric field component in the second direction (for example, the z direction) perpendicular to the plane where the floor 30 is located, so that the electric field component of the second radiator 22 in the second direction (for example, the z direction) is increased. In addition, the first radiator 21 itself can provide a relatively sufficient electric field component in the first direction (for example, the x direction). In this way, two perpendicular orthogonal electric field components (for example, the electric field component in the x direction and the electric field component in the y direction) can be better formed in the vertical plane of the propagation direction of the electromagnetic wave (for example, the xz plane), which is conducive to the formation of circularly polarized waves and improves the circular polarization performance of the first antenna structure.

[0216] It should be noted that the first radiator 21 and the second radiator 22 of the first antenna structure of the embodiment of the present application do not need to be provided with a grounding point to avoid reducing the electric field component and thus affecting the circular polarization performance of the first antenna structure to a certain extent. It can be understood that if a grounding point is provided on the second radiator 22, a portion of the current will flow to the floor 30, resulting in a reduction in the current on the second radiator 22, which will lead to a reduction in the electric field component in the second direction (for example, the z direction), which is not conducive to the formation of circularly polarized waves. Similarly, if a grounding point is provided on the first radiator 21, a portion of the current will flow to the floor 30, resulting in a reduction in the current on the first radiator 21, which will lead to a reduction in the electric field component in the first direction (for example, the x direction), which is not conducive to the formation of circularly polarized waves.

[0217] In some embodiments of the present application, referring to FIG9 , two ends of the second radiator 22 along a first direction (e.g., the x-direction) are aligned with two ends of the first radiator 21 along the first direction (e.g., the x-direction). It should be understood that the two ends of the two radiators being aligned means that the ends of the two radiators on the same side are aligned. Specifically, the second radiator 22 has two ends along the first direction (e.g., the x-direction): a first end 221 and a second end 222. The first radiator 21 has two ends along the first direction (e.g., the x-direction): a first end 211 and a second end 212. The first end 221 of the second radiator 22 is aligned with the first end 211 of the first radiator 21, and the second end 222 of the second radiator 22 is aligned with the second end 212 of the first radiator 21.

[0218] It should be understood that the "same" here means basically the same, not necessarily exactly the same, and the two can be within a certain error range. For example, expressed in physical length, the error range between the two can be greater than or equal to 0 mm and less than or equal to 5 mm.

[0219] It should also be understood that the ends of the two radiators described here are not necessarily aligned, but only need to be within a certain error range.

[0220] In the above embodiment, the two ends of the first radiator 21 distributed in the first direction (for example, the x direction) and the two ends of the second radiator 22 distributed in the first direction (for example, the x direction) are respectively aligned, which means that the electrical lengths (or physical lengths) of the two radiators in the first direction (for example, the x direction) are substantially the same. This arrangement increases the area for energy coupling between the two radiators, thereby improving the energy coupling between the two radiators.

[0221] In other embodiments, one end of the second radiator 22 distributed along the first direction (for example, the x-direction) is not flush with one end of the first radiator 21 on the same side, and the other end of the second radiator 22 distributed along the first direction (for example, the x-direction) is flush or not flush with the other end of the first radiator 21 on the same side.

[0222] The ends of the two radiators are “not flush” here, which means that one end of one radiator protrudes outward or retracts inward relative to one end of the other radiator on the same side.

[0223] It should be understood that the "one end of the first radiator 21 on the same side" described above refers to the end of the first radiator 21 distributed along the first direction (e.g., the x-direction), and that the end of the first radiator 21 distributed along the first direction (e.g., the x-direction) and the end of the second radiator 22 distributed along the first direction (e.g., the x-direction) are located on the same side of the first antenna structure. The interpretation of "the other end of the first radiator 21 on the same side" is the same here.

[0224] It should also be understood that one end of the second radiator 22 distributed along the first direction (for example, the x direction) represents either end of the second radiator 22 distributed along the first direction (for example, the x direction), and the other end of the second radiator 22 distributed along the first direction (for example, the x direction) represents the other end of the second radiator 22 distributed along the first direction (for example, the x direction).

[0225] For example, the first end 221 of the second radiator 22, which is distributed along the first direction (e.g., the x-direction), is retracted relative to the first end 211 of the first radiator 21 on the same side, while the second end 222 of the second radiator 22, which is distributed along the first direction (e.g., the x-direction), is aligned with the second end 212 of the first radiator 21 on the same side (as shown in FIG34 ). For another example, the first end 221 of the second radiator 22, which is distributed along the first direction (e.g., the x-direction), is extended relative to the first end 211 of the first radiator 21 on the same side, while the second end 222 of the second radiator 22, which is distributed along the first direction (e.g., the x-direction), is aligned with the second end 212 of the first radiator 21 on the same side. For another example, the first end 221 of the second radiator 22, which is distributed along the first direction (e.g., the x-direction), is retracted relative to the first end 211 of the first radiator 21 on the same side, while the second end 222 of the second radiator 22, which is distributed along the first direction (e.g., the x-direction), is retracted relative to the second end 212 of the first radiator 21 on the same side. The first end 221 of the second radiator 22 distributed along the first direction (for example, the x direction) is retracted relative to the first end 211 of the first radiator 21 on the same side, and the second end 222 of the second radiator 22 distributed along the first direction (for example, the x direction) is extended relative to the second end 212 of the first radiator 21 on the same side.

[0226] In order to increase the strength of the first antenna structure, the gap formed by the first antenna structure may be filled with an insulating medium (such as plastic) to form a dielectric layer.

[0227] Exemplarily, the first gap 323 between the first radiator 21 and the floor 30 can be filled with an insulating medium (such as plastic) to improve the strength of the first antenna structure. The shaded portion of the first gap 323 shown in FIG. 9 is the dielectric portion filled in the first gap 323 .

[0228] In an embodiment where the first radiator 21 is a metal frame antenna of an electronic device, illustratively, the gap 321 and the gap 322 are filled with an insulating dielectric layer (such as plastic) to improve the strength of the first antenna structure. The shaded parts of the gap 321 and the gap 322 shown in Figure 9 are the dielectric parts filled in the two gaps.

[0229] Exemplarily, the second gap 324 between the second radiator 22 and the floor 30 may also be filled with a medium. The medium formed here may be used as the antenna bracket 24 of the second radiator 22 (such as the antenna bracket 24 shown in Figures 11 and 12), playing a supporting role, and supporting the second radiator 22 on the floor 30 through the antenna bracket 24.

[0230] To effectively achieve energy coupling between the first radiator 21 and the second radiator 22, the projections of the first radiator 21 and the second radiator 22 on a plane (e.g., an xz plane) formed by a first direction (e.g., the x-direction) and a second direction (e.g., the z-direction) at least partially overlap. It should be understood that the term "at least partially overlapping" here refers to any area of ​​overlap between the two projections on the projection plane.

[0231] FIG15 is a schematic diagram of projections of a first radiator and a second radiator on a projection plane provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0232] In some embodiments, the projections of the first radiator 21 and the second radiator 22 on a plane (e.g., the xz plane) formed by a first direction (e.g., the x-direction) and a second direction (e.g., the z-direction) partially overlap. In one example, referring to (a) and (b) in FIG15 , the overlapping area between the projection 21′ of the first radiator 21 and the projection 22′ of the second radiator 22 is the entire projection of the second radiator 22. In another example, referring to (c) in FIG15 , the overlapping area between the two projections may also be a partial projection of the second radiator 22.

[0233] In other embodiments, referring to (d) in FIG. 15 , the projections of the first radiator 21 and the second radiator 22 on a plane (eg, xz plane) formed by the first direction (eg, x direction) and the second direction (eg, z direction) completely overlap.

[0234] In the embodiment of the present application, the first radiator 21 and the second radiator 22 can have any shape without limitation. For example, the first radiator 21 and / or the second radiator 22 can have a square (e.g., rectangular, square) structure, a special-shaped structure (e.g., L-shaped, T-shaped, etc.), or an arc-shaped structure (e.g., circular, elliptical, U-shaped).

[0235] FIG16 is another schematic diagram of a local area near the first antenna structure in the electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0236] Taking the feed point 230 disposed at the first end of the second radiator 22 as an example, referring to FIG16 , the second radiator 22 includes a main body portion 22a and a raised portion 22b. The raised portion 22b is disposed in the middle region of the main body portion 22a, and the raised portion 22b protrudes outward relative to the main body portion 22a toward the first radiator 21. It will be understood that the region of the main body portion 22a facing the first radiator 21 that is not provided with the raised portion 22b (referred to as the recessed region) is recessed relative to the raised portion 22b. The middle region of the main body portion 22a described herein may be a region extending partially to both sides from the midpoint of the main body portion 22a, and is not necessarily the absolute middle position in the physical sense.

[0237] Regarding the structure in which the first radiator 21 and the second radiator 22 radiate electromagnetic waves through energy coupling, generally, during energy coupling, the middle region of the two radiators in the longitudinal direction is a current-intensive region where the current is relatively large, and the regions on both sides of the region are current-weak regions. A protrusion 22b is provided in the middle region of the main body 22a of the second radiator 22, protruding outward toward the first radiator 21. The protrusion 22b is closest to the first radiator 21 in a third direction (e.g., the y direction), and the region where the protrusion 22a is located is a current-intensive region where the two radiators undergo energy coupling. Therefore, this structure can effectively improve the coupling performance of the first radiator 21 and the second radiator 22.

[0238] It should be understood that, in addition to the radiator, the first antenna structure may also include a feed source, and / or a dielectric layer closely connected to the radiator, and / or various matching circuits electrically connected to the radiator, and other components, without any limitation.

[0239] In the above embodiment, the first antenna structure may further include a matching circuit, which may be arranged at different positions of the first radiator 21 and / or the second radiator 22, for tuning the first antenna structure and / or controlling the circularly polarized component, so that the first antenna structure achieves good antenna performance and promotes the formation of circularly polarized waves.

[0240] As mentioned above, since the circular polarization of electromagnetic waves is divided into left-hand circular polarization and right-hand circular polarization, there are slight differences in the design of circular polarization in different directions. For example, when the feeding point 230 is set at the first end 221 of the second radiator 22 or at the first end 211 of the first radiator 21, it is conducive to the formation of left-hand circular polarization waves of the first antenna structure and can improve the left-hand circular polarization of the first antenna structure. In combination with the above, taking the feeding point 230 set at the first end 221 of the second radiator 22 as an example, the matching circuit is described from the perspective of improving the left-hand circular polarization performance of the first antenna structure. It should be understood that when the feeding point 230 is set at the first radiator 21, the design of the matching circuit can refer to the relevant description below and will not be repeated.

[0241] Figure 17 is another schematic diagram of a local area near the first antenna structure in an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of a matching circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 19 is another schematic diagram of a matching circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0242] In some embodiments, a grounded matching circuit is provided on the first radiator 21, and the matching circuit is used to match the operating frequency of the first antenna structure. In addition, in some scenarios, the matching circuit can also be used to control the left-handed circular polarization component of the first antenna structure.

[0243] In some embodiments, referring to FIG17 , a feed point 230 is provided at the first end 221 of the second radiator 22. The first radiator 21 includes two ports: a first port 231 and a second port 232. A grounded first matching circuit 261 is provided at the first port 231, and a grounded second matching circuit 262 is provided at the second port 232. The first matching circuit 261 and the second matching circuit 262 are jointly used to match the operating frequency of the first antenna structure and can also be used to control the left-handed circularly polarized component of the first antenna structure. For example, the first port 231 is located at the first end 211 of the first radiator 21, and the second port 232 is located at the second end 212 of the first radiator 21. Here, the first port 231 and the feed point 230 are provided on the same side of the first antenna structure.

[0244] For example, referring to FIG18 , the first matching circuit 261 includes a capacitor 2611, one end of which is electrically connected to the first radiator 21 at the first port 231, and the other end of which is grounded. The second matching circuit 262 includes an inductor 2621, one end of which is electrically connected to the first radiator 21 at the second port 232, and the other end of which is grounded. This structural design facilitates the formation of left-handed circularly polarized waves in the first antenna structure.

[0245] In the above embodiment, the capacitor and inductor themselves can be used to adjust the phase advance or lag. From the perspective of improving the left-hand circular polarization performance of the first antenna structure, a first port 231 is provided at the first end 211 of the first radiator 21, and a second port 232 is provided at the second end 212 of the first radiator 21. The first matching circuit 261 at the first port 231 includes a capacitor 2611, and the second matching circuit 262 at the second port 232 includes an inductor 2621. This can make the two perpendicular orthogonal electric field components (for example, along the x-axis) generated by the first antenna structure The phase difference between the electric field component distributed in the x-direction and the electric field component distributed in the z-direction) is closer to the phase difference requirement of left-hand circular polarization, that is, the phase of the electric field component distributed in the x-direction lags by 90° compared to the phase of the electric field component distributed in the z-direction. In this way, while the first matching circuit 261 and the second matching circuit 262 can match the operating frequency of the first antenna structure, they can also better control the left-hand circular polarization component of the first antenna structure, which is beneficial to the formation of left-hand circular polarization waves of the first antenna structure, obtain better left-hand circular polarization directivity, and improve the circular polarization performance of the first antenna structure. In addition, a feeding point 230 is set at the first end 221 of the second radiator 22, and the feeding point 230 and the capacitor 2611 are located on the same side of the first antenna structure, which is more conducive to the formation of left-hand circular polarization waves, further improving the circular polarization performance of the first antenna structure.

[0246] It should be understood that the matching circuit on the first radiator 21 in the above example is only for illustrative purposes and should not limit the embodiments of the present application. The present application does not impose any limitation on the form of the matching circuit.

[0247] For example, the first matching circuit 261 and the second matching circuit 262 may also be in other forms, and achieve the same purpose through a combination of capacitors, inductors and other electronic components.

[0248] For another example, it is not necessary to set matching circuits at both ports of the first radiator 21. For example, a matching circuit can be set at any one of the first port 231 and the second port 232 to match the operating frequency of the first antenna structure, and can also be used to control the left-hand circular polarization component. There is no limitation on the form of the matching circuit.

[0249] In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 18 , a third matching circuit 260 may be provided at the feed point 230 for matching the operating frequency of the first antenna structure.

[0250] In one example, with continued reference to FIG18 , third matching circuit 260 is grounded and connected in parallel to the feed path between feed point 230 and feed source 25. For example, third matching circuit 260 includes capacitor 2601, one end of which is electrically connected to second radiator 22 at feed point 230, and the other end of capacitor 2601 is grounded. This design allows matching the operating frequency of the first antenna structure with a minimal number of electronic components.

[0251] In other examples (not shown in the figures), the third matching circuit 260 may also be connected in series on the feeding path between the feeding point 230 and the feed source 25 .

[0252] In a specific example, a feed point 230 is provided at the first end 221 of the second radiator 22. A grounded first matching circuit 261 is provided at the first port 231 of the first radiator 21, a grounded second matching circuit 262 is provided at the second port 232 of the first radiator 21, and a third matching circuit 260 is provided at the feed point 230. The first matching circuit 261 includes a capacitor 2611, one end of which is electrically connected to the first radiator 21 at the first port 231 and the other end of which is grounded. The second matching circuit includes an inductor 2621, one end of which is electrically connected to the first radiator 21 at the second port 232 and the other end of which is grounded. The third matching circuit 260 includes a capacitor 2601, one end of which is electrically connected to the second radiator 22 at the feed point 230 and the other end of which is grounded. This structural design facilitates the formation of left-handed circularly polarized waves in the first antenna structure.

[0253] In an embodiment of the present application, a switch can also be set at each port or feeding point of the radiator, and the switch is used to switch between multiple matching circuits to adjust the first antenna structure to different operating frequencies and / or to different states of other parameters (such as the rotation direction of circular polarization, the axial ratio of circular polarization).

[0254] In some embodiments, referring to FIG19 , a switch 271 is provided at the first port 231 of the first radiator 21. Multiple grounded matching circuits are provided between the switch 271 and ground. Exemplarily, these multiple matching circuits include matching circuit 261a and matching circuit 261b. Switch 271 can switch between matching circuit 261a and matching circuit 261b to switch the first radiator 21 to different operating frequencies. For example, when switch 271 is electrically connected to matching circuit 261a, the operating frequency of the first radiator 21 is 2.2 GHz, and when switch 271 is electrically connected to matching circuit 261b, the operating frequency of the first radiator 21 is 2.0 GHz. Exemplarily, matching circuit 261a includes capacitor 2611a, and matching circuit 261b includes capacitor 2611b. It should be understood that the first matching circuit 261 in FIG18 can be either matching circuit 261a or matching circuit 261b here.

[0255] In some embodiments, referring again to FIG. 19 , a switch 272 is provided at the second port 232 of the first radiator 21. Multiple matching circuits are provided between the switch 272 and ground. Exemplarily, these multiple matching circuits include matching circuit 262a and matching circuit 262b. Switch 272 can switch between matching circuit 262a and matching circuit 262b to switch the first radiator 21 to different operating frequencies. For example, when switch 272 is electrically connected to matching circuit 262a, the operating frequency of the first radiator 21 is 2.2 GHz, and when switch 272 is electrically connected to matching circuit 262b, the operating frequency of the first radiator 21 is 2.0 GHz. Exemplarily, matching circuit 262a includes an inductor 2621a, and matching circuit 262b includes a capacitor 2621b. It should be understood that the second matching circuit 262 in FIG. 18 can be either matching circuit 262a or matching circuit 262b here.

[0256] In some embodiments, with continued reference to FIG19 , a switch 270 is provided at the feed point 230 of the second radiator 22. Multiple matching circuits are provided between the switch 270 and ground. Exemplarily, these multiple matching circuits include matching circuit 260a and matching circuit 260b. Switch 270 can switch between matching circuit 260a and matching circuit 260b to switch the second radiator 22 to different operating frequencies. For example, when the switch 270 is electrically connected to the matching circuit 260a, the operating frequency of the second radiator 21 is 2.2 GHz, and when the switch 270 is electrically connected to the matching circuit 260b, the operating frequency of the second radiator 21 is 2.0 GHz. It should be understood that the third matching circuit 260 in FIG18 can be either the matching circuit 260a or the matching circuit 260b herein.

[0257] It should be noted that when the first port 231, the second port 232 and the feeding point 230 are switched between different matching circuits through the switch, the matching circuits connected by the first port 231, the second port 232 and the feeding point 230 through the switch enable the first radiator 21 and the second radiator 22 to operate at the same operating frequency.

[0258] When the feed point 230 is disposed at the first end 211 of the first radiator 21, the design of the matching circuit can refer to the matching circuit described above. For example, the first end 221 of the second radiator 22 includes the aforementioned first port 231, and the second end 222 of the second radiator 22 is provided with the aforementioned second port 232. A grounded first matching circuit 261 is provided at the first port 231, and a grounded second matching circuit 262 is provided at the second port 232. A third matching circuit 260 is provided at the feed point 230. The feed point 230 and the first port 231 are located on the same side of the first antenna structure. For a description of each matching circuit, refer to the detailed description above and will not be repeated here.

[0259] It should be understood that the matching circuits in the above examples are merely illustrative and should not limit the embodiments of the present application. Other forms of matching circuits may be configured on each port or feed point as long as the same effect is achieved. For example, any combination of capacitors and / or inductors and other electronic components may be used to achieve the corresponding purpose.

[0260] It should also be understood that the above-mentioned ports and / or feeding points may not need to be provided with matching circuits. For example, the purpose of tuning may be achieved by adjusting the electrical length of the radiator.

[0261] As previously mentioned, the first antenna structure of the embodiments of the present application can be applied to satellite communications. The operating frequency of the first antenna structure can be any satellite frequency band. For handheld devices such as mobile phones, tablets, or laptops, the operating frequency of the first antenna structure can be, for example, 2.2 GHz, 2.0 GHz, L-band, S-band, or other frequencies within the 1-4 GHz range, although this embodiment of the present application does not impose any limitation thereto.

[0262] For satellite communications, based on user habits when using electronic devices, the first antenna structure can be, for example, located at the top of the electronic device. As shown in Figures 9, 10, and 14, the first antenna structure is located at the top of the electronic device, which is the portion of the electronic device in the positive y-direction. This way, when a user holds the electronic device in their normal way, the probability of the first antenna structure at the top of the phone being blocked by their hand is low, and this will not have any additional impact on the performance of the first antenna structure.

[0263] Typically, a camera, such as a front-facing camera and / or a rear-facing camera, is located at the top of an electronic device, and a USB port is typically located at the bottom of the device, opposite the top. FIG. 20 is another schematic diagram of a localized area near a first antenna structure in an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application. Referring to FIG. 20 , a rear-facing camera 360 is located at the top of the electronic device, and the first antenna structure is located to one side of the rear-facing camera 360. The second radiator 22 is located between the first radiator 21 and the rear-facing camera 360.

[0264] Because rear camera 360 is relatively close to second radiator 22, the performance of the first antenna structure was simulated to obtain relatively accurate simulation results for the first antenna structure. The electronic device shown in FIG20 was used as an example to simulate the performance of the first antenna structure. Furthermore, feed point 230 in FIG20 was located at first end 221 of second radiator 22, focusing on the left-handed circular polarization performance of the first antenna structure.

[0265] Below, in combination with Figures 20 to 24, the left-hand circular polarization performance of the first antenna structure of the embodiment of the present application is further described through simulation results.

[0266] Figures 21 to 23 illustrate the simulation results of the first antenna structure when the operating frequency of the first antenna structure is 2.2 GHz. Figure 21 is a current distribution diagram of a local area near the first antenna structure in the electronic device shown in Figure 20 when the operating frequency of the first antenna structure is 2.2 GHz. Figure 22 is an electric field distribution diagram of a local area near the first antenna structure in the electronic device shown in Figure 20 when the operating frequency of the first antenna structure is 2.2 GHz. (a) and (b) in Figure 22 are electric field distribution diagrams from two perspectives. Figure 23 is a left-handed circularly polarized directivity diagram of the electronic device shown in Figure 20 when the operating frequency of the first antenna structure is 2.2 GHz.

[0267] In the 2.2 GHz simulation structure of the first antenna structure shown in FIG20 , as a specific example, the physical length of the first radiator 21 and the second radiator 22 can be 32 mm, which is close to one-quarter of the operating wavelength. The gap 321, the gap 322 and the first gap 323 are 1.2 mm, and the second gap 324 is 2 mm. The matching circuit of the first radiator 21 and the second radiator 22 is shown in FIG18 . The capacitance value of the capacitor 2611 is 2.4 pF, the inductance value of the inductor 2621 is 7 nH, and the capacitance value of the capacitor 2601 is 4.2 pF.

[0268] In FIG. 21 , at the top of the electronic device in the positive y direction, current is distributed on both the first radiator 211 and the second radiator 22 , and the first antenna structure generates radiation.

[0269] In Figure 22 , the electromagnetic wave generated by the first antenna structure, propagating in the positive y-direction, generates an electric field component distributed along the x-direction (as shown by the dashed area ox in Figure 22(b) ) and an electric field component distributed along the z-direction (as shown in Figure 22(a) ). Regarding the z-direction electric field component of interest, Figure 22(a) shows that an electric field component distributed along the z-direction is formed between the second radiator 22 and the floor 30 , with the entire second radiator 22 providing a significant amount of the z-direction electric field component.

[0270] The left-hand circular polarization directivity diagram of FIG23 shows the total directivity and left-hand circular polarization directivity of the electronic device. For the left-hand circular polarization directivity of the directional range for transmitting and receiving left-hand circular polarization waves that we are concerned about (the area marked with a dotted circle), the direction of the left-hand circular polarization directivity of the electronic device is within the area marked with a dotted circle. Therefore, the left-hand circular polarization directivity of the electronic device shown in FIG23 can be used as the left-hand circular polarization directivity of the directional range for transmitting and receiving left-hand circular polarization waves that we are concerned about marked with a dotted circle. Based on this, in the simulation results of FIG23, the left-hand circular polarization directivity of the first antenna structure obtained is 1.849dBi.

[0271] Comparing Figure 23 with Figure 7, when the radiation efficiency of the two antenna structures is basically the same, the left-handed circular polarization directivity of the antenna structure of the prior art is 0.9625dBi, and the left-handed circular polarization directivity of the first antenna structure of the embodiment of the present application is 1.849dBi, which is 0.8865dBi higher than the left-handed circular polarization directivity of the antenna structure of the prior art. It can better form circularly polarized waves and effectively improve the circular polarization performance of the antenna structure compared with the prior art.

[0272] In the 2.0 GHz simulation structure of the first antenna structure shown in FIG20 , the size of the first antenna structure remains unchanged, and the matching circuit is slightly changed. The matching circuits of the first radiator 21 and the second radiator 22 are similar to those in FIG18 , wherein the capacitance value of the capacitor 2611 is 2.4 pF, and the inductor 2621 and the capacitor 2601 are both open circuits.

[0273] Since the current distribution and electric field distribution of the first antenna structure when the operating frequency is 2.0 GHz are basically similar to the current distribution and electric field distribution of the first antenna structure when the operating frequency is 2.2 GHz, the current distribution and electric field distribution when the operating frequency is 2.0 GHz are not illustrated here. For details, please refer to the relevant description when the operating frequency of the first antenna structure is 2.2 GHz.

[0274] Figure 24 shows a left-handed circularly polarized pattern of the electronic device shown in Figure 20 when the operating frequency of the first antenna structure is 2.0 GHz. Figure 24(a) shows the left-handed circularly polarized pattern in a spherical coordinate system, and Figure 24(b) shows the left-handed circularly polarized pattern in a two-dimensional coordinate system.

[0275] For the left-hand circular polarization directivity of the directional range for transmitting and receiving left-hand circularly polarized waves marked by the dotted circle that we are concerned about, the direction of the left-hand circular polarization directivity of the electronic device shown in the lower left corner of the left-hand circular polarization directivity diagram in (a) of Figure 24 is not in the directional range marked by the dotted circle that we are concerned about. Therefore, the directional range marked by the dotted circle that we are concerned about is found in (b) of Figure 24, and the maximum left-hand circular polarization directivity within the directional range is used as the left-hand circular polarization directivity of the directional range. The maximum left-hand circular polarization directivity is 0.4907dBi, and the coordinates of the maximum left-hand circular polarization direction are (φ=95°, θ=95°). That is to say, in the simulation results of Figure 24, the left-hand circular polarization directivity of the first antenna structure obtained is 0.4907dBi.

[0276] Comparing Figure 24 with Figure 8, when the radiation efficiency of the two antenna structures is basically the same, the left-handed circular polarization directivity of the antenna structure of the prior art is -0.6411dBi, and the left-handed circular polarization directivity of the first antenna structure of the embodiment of the present application is 0.4907dBi, which is 1.1318dBi higher than the left-handed circular polarization directivity of the antenna structure of the prior art. It can better form circularly polarized waves and effectively improve the circular polarization performance of the antenna structure compared with the prior art.

[0277] The above mainly describes the first antenna structure from the perspective of improving the left-hand circular polarization performance of the antenna structure. Below, in conjunction with Figures 25 to 33, the first antenna structure of the embodiment of the present application is described from the perspective of improving the right-hand circular polarization performance of the antenna structure. Among them, the main difference between the first antenna structure for improving right-hand circular polarization performance and the first antenna structure for improving left-hand circular polarization performance described above lies in the setting of the feeding point and the setting of the related matching circuit. The rest of the structure is basically similar. Therefore, the following description focuses on the differences between the two. For descriptions of similar structures, please refer to the relevant description above.

[0278] Figure 25 is another schematic diagram of a localized area near the first antenna structure in an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 26 is another perspective schematic diagram of a localized area near the first antenna structure in an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 27 is another schematic diagram of a localized area near the first antenna structure in an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0279] Referring to Figures 25 and 26 , the first radiator 21 of the first antenna structure is disposed on one side of a floor 30, with a first gap 323 separating the first radiator 21 and the floor 30. The second radiator 22 is disposed parallel to the floor 30, with a second gap 324 separating the second radiator 22 (as shown in Figure 26 ). The first radiator 21 and the second radiator 22 do not contact each other, and the length of the first radiator 21 is parallel to the length of the second radiator 22. At least one of the first radiator 21 and the second radiator 22 is provided with at least one feeding point 230. When fed by the feeding point 230, the first radiator 21 and the second radiator 22 operate at the same operating frequency, enabling energy coupling between the first radiator 21 and the second radiator 22, thereby radiating electromagnetic waves.

[0280] In some embodiments, a feed point 230 is disposed on the second radiator 22. The second radiator 22 has two ends distributed along a first direction (e.g., the x-direction): a first end 221 and a second end 222. Exemplarily, the feed point 230 is disposed at the second end 222 of the second radiator 22, i.e., the feed point 230 is disposed at the end of the second radiator 22 located in the positive x-direction. It will be appreciated that this arrangement facilitates adjusting the phase difference between the two perpendicular orthogonal electric field components (e.g., the electric field components in the x-direction and the z-direction) generated by the first antenna structure, so that the phase difference meets the phase requirement for right-hand circular polarization, thereby facilitating the formation of right-hand circularly polarized waves.

[0281] In other embodiments, referring to FIG. 27 , a feed point 230 is disposed on the first radiator 21. The first radiator 21 has two ends distributed along a first direction (e.g., the x-direction): a first end 211 and a second end 212. Exemplarily, the feed point 230 is disposed at the second end 212 of the first radiator 21, i.e., the feed point 230 is disposed at the end of the first radiator 21 located in the positive x-direction. This arrangement facilitates the formation of right-handed circularly polarized waves.

[0282] It can be understood that setting the feeding point 230 at the second end 212 of the first radiator 21 or the second end 222 of the second radiator 22 is conducive to adjusting the phase difference of the two vertical orthogonal electric field components (for example, the electric field components in the x direction and the z direction) generated by the first antenna structure, so that the phase difference meets the phase requirement of right-hand circular polarization, that is, the phase of the electric field component distributed along the first direction (for example, the x direction) is 90° ahead of the phase of the electric field component distributed along the second direction (for example, the z direction), which is conducive to the formation of right-hand circularly polarized waves.

[0283] Taking the feeding point 230 provided on the second end 222 of the second radiator 22 as an example, in some embodiments, a grounded matching circuit is provided on the first radiator 21, and the matching circuit is used to match the operating frequency of the first antenna structure. In addition, in some scenarios, it can also be used to control the right-handed circularly polarized component of the first antenna structure.

[0284] Figure 28 is another schematic diagram of the local area near the first antenna structure in the electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0285] In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 28 , the first radiator 21 includes two ports: a first port 231 and a second port 232. A grounded first matching circuit 261 is provided at the first port 231, and a grounded second matching circuit 262 is provided at the second port 232. The first matching circuit 261 and the second matching circuit 262 are used to match the operating frequency of the first antenna structure and can also be used to control the right-handed circularly polarized component of the first antenna structure. For example, the first port 231 is located at the second end 212 of the first radiator 21, and the second port 232 is located at the first end 211 of the first radiator 21. Here, the first port 231 and the feed point 230 are located on the same side of the first antenna structure.

[0286] In some embodiments, a third matching circuit 260 (as shown in FIG. 18 ) may be provided at the feed point 230 for matching the operating frequency of the first antenna structure.

[0287] For the description of the first matching circuit 261 , the second matching circuit 262 and the third matching circuit 260 , reference may be made to the above description of FIG. 18 , which will not be repeated here.

[0288] In the above embodiment, the capacitor and inductor themselves can be used to adjust the phase advance or lag. From the perspective of improving the right-hand circular polarization of the first antenna structure, a first port 231 is provided at the second end 212 of the first radiator 21, and a second port 232 is provided at the first end 211 of the first radiator 21. The first matching circuit 261 at the first port 231 includes a capacitor 2611, and the second matching circuit 262 at the second port 232 includes an inductor 2621. This can make the two perpendicular and orthogonal electric field components (for example, The phase difference between the electric field components in the x-direction and the z-direction) is closer to the phase difference requirement for right-hand circular polarization, that is, the phase of the electric field component distributed along the x-direction is 90° ahead of the phase of the electric field component distributed along the z-direction. In this way, while the first matching circuit 261 and the first matching circuit 262 match the operating frequency of the first radiator 21, they can also better control the right-hand circular polarization component of the first antenna structure, which is conducive to the formation of right-hand circular polarization waves of the first antenna structure, obtain better right-hand circular polarization directivity, and improve the circular polarization performance of the first antenna structure. In addition, a feeding point 230 is set at the second end 222 of the second radiator 22. The feeding point 230 and the capacitor 2611 are located on the same side of the first antenna structure, which is more conducive to the formation of right-hand circular polarization waves and further improves the circular polarization performance of the first antenna structure.

[0289] When the feed point 230 is disposed at the second end 212 of the first radiator 21, the design of the matching circuit can refer to the matching circuit described above. For example, the second end 222 of the second radiator 22 includes the aforementioned first port 231, the first end 221 of the second radiator 22 is provided with the aforementioned second port 232, a grounded first matching circuit 261 is provided at the first port 231, a grounded second matching circuit 261 is provided at the second port 232, and a third matching circuit 260 is provided at the feed point 230. For a description of each matching circuit, refer to the detailed description above and will not be repeated here.

[0290] In the above embodiment, switches may be further provided at the feed point 230, the first port 231, and the second port 232 for switching between the plurality of matching circuits to adjust the first antenna structure to different operating frequencies or to different states of other parameters. For a detailed description, reference may be made to the above description of the embodiment shown in FIG. 19 and will not be repeated here.

[0291] It can be seen that relative to the first antenna structure for improving the left-hand circular polarization performance, the positions of the feeding point 230, the first port 231, and the second port 232 of the first antenna structure for improving the right-hand circular polarization performance, as well as the first matching circuit 261 at the first port 231, the second matching circuit 261 at the second port 232, and the third matching circuit 260 at the feeding point are all swapped in a mirror manner, which can achieve right-hand circular polarization of the first antenna structure.

[0292] Below, in combination with Figures 29 to 33, the right-hand circular polarization performance of the first antenna structure of the embodiment of the present application is further illustrated through simulation results.

[0293] Figure 29 is another perspective schematic diagram of a local area near the first antenna structure in an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application. In Figure 29, the first antenna structure is disposed on one side of the rear camera 360, wherein the second radiator 22 is disposed between the first radiator 21 and the rear camera 360.

[0294] Because rear camera 360 is relatively close to second radiator 22, the performance of the first antenna structure was simulated using the electronic device shown in FIG29 as an example to obtain relatively accurate simulation results. Furthermore, feed point 230 in FIG29 is located at second end 222 of second radiator 22, focusing on the right-handed circular polarization performance of the first antenna structure.

[0295] Figures 30 to 32 illustrate simulation results of the first antenna structure when the operating frequency of the first antenna structure is 2.2 GHz. Figure 30 is a current distribution diagram of a local area near the first antenna structure in the electronic device shown in Figure 29 when the operating frequency of the first antenna structure is 2.2 GHz. Figure 31 is a diagram of the electric field distribution of a local area near the first antenna structure in the electronic device shown in Figure 29 when the operating frequency of the first antenna structure is 2.2 GHz. Figure 32 is a right-handed circularly polarized directivity diagram of the electronic device shown in Figure 29 when the operating frequency of the first antenna structure is 2.2 GHz.

[0296] In the 2.2 GHz simulation structure of the first antenna structure shown in FIG29 , as a specific example, the physical length of the first radiator 21 and the second radiator 22 can be 32 mm, which is close to one-quarter of the operating wavelength. The gap 321, the gap 322 and the first gap 323 are 1.2 mm, and the second gap 324 is 2 mm. The matching circuit of the first radiator 21 and the second radiator 22 is shown in FIG18 . The capacitance value of the capacitor 2611 can be 2.4 pF, the inductance value of the inductor 2621 can be 7 nH, and the capacitance value of the capacitor 2601 can be 4.2 pF.

[0297] In FIG30 , at the top of the electronic device in the positive y direction, current is distributed on both the first radiator 211 and the second radiator 22 , and the first antenna structure generates radiation.

[0298] In Figure 31, for the electromagnetic waves generated by the first antenna structure with a propagation direction in the positive y direction, an electric field component distributed along the x direction (as shown in the dotted area ox) and an electric field component distributed along the z direction (as shown in the dotted area oz) are formed. As for the electric field component distributed along the z direction that we are concerned about, it can be seen in Figure 31 that an electric field component distributed along the z direction is formed between the second radiator 22 and the floor 30, and the entire second radiator 22 provides more electric field components distributed along the z direction.

[0299] The right-hand circular polarization directivity diagram of FIG32 shows the total directivity and right-hand circular polarization directivity of the electronic device. For the right-hand circular polarization directivity of the directional range for transmitting and receiving right-hand circular polarized waves that we are concerned about (the area marked with a dotted circle), the direction of the right-hand circular polarization directivity of the electronic device is within the area marked with a dotted circle. Therefore, the right-hand circular polarization directivity of the electronic device shown in FIG32 can be used as the right-hand circular polarization directivity of the directional range for transmitting and receiving right-hand circular polarized waves that we are concerned about marked with a dotted circle. Based on this, in the simulation results of FIG32, the right-hand circular polarization directivity of the first antenna structure obtained is 1.8475dBi.

[0300] In the 2.0 GHz simulation structure of the first antenna structure shown in FIG29 , the size of the first antenna structure remains unchanged, and the matching circuit is slightly changed. The matching circuits of the first radiator 21 and the second radiator 22 are similar to those in FIG18 , wherein the capacitance value of the capacitor 2611 is 2.4 pF, and the inductor 2621 and the capacitor 2601 are both open circuits.

[0301] Since the current distribution and electric field distribution of the first antenna structure when the operating frequency is 2.0 GHz are basically similar to the current distribution and electric field distribution of the first antenna structure when the operating frequency is 2.2 GHz, the current distribution and electric field distribution when the operating frequency is 2.0 GHz are not illustrated here. For details, please refer to the relevant description when the operating frequency of the first antenna structure is 2.2 GHz.

[0302] FIG33 is a right-handed circular polarization directivity diagram of the electronic device shown in FIG29 when the operating frequency of the first antenna structure is 2.0 GHz. It can be seen that the right-handed circular polarization directivity of the first antenna structure is 0.6229 dBi.

[0303] In an embodiment of the present application, in addition to the first antenna structure described above, the electronic device may also include other components, such as other antenna structures and / or electronic components, different of which may be used for different communication technologies. Due to the limited space of the electronic device, different antenna structures may affect each other, and other electronic components may also affect the design of the antenna structure to a certain extent. The following embodiments describe the relevant design of the antenna structure in conjunction with the environment near the antenna structure in the electronic device. It should be noted that the description of the first antenna structure and the similar design of the first antenna structure described above are only briefly described and will not be repeated.

[0304] In addition, in combination with Figures 34 to 43, the first antenna structure of the embodiment of the present application is first described from the perspective of improving the left-hand circular polarization performance, and then in combination with Figures 44 to 52, the first antenna structure of the embodiment of the present application is described from the perspective of improving the right-hand circular polarization performance.

[0305] Figure 34 is another schematic diagram of a local area near the first antenna structure in an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 35 is another perspective schematic diagram of a local area near the first antenna structure in an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 36 is another schematic diagram of a local area near the first antenna structure in an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0306] Referring to Figures 34 and 35 , an electronic device includes a first antenna structure and a floor panel 30. The first antenna structure includes a first radiator 21 and a second radiator 22. The first radiator 21 is disposed on one side of the floor panel 30, with a first gap 323 separating the first radiator 21 and the floor panel 30. The second radiator 22 is disposed parallel to the floor panel 30, with a second gap 324 separating the second radiator 22 (as shown in Figure 35 ). The first radiator 21 and the second radiator 22 do not contact each other, and the length of the first radiator 21 is parallel to the length of the second radiator 22. At least one of the first radiator 21 and the second radiator 22 is provided with at least one feeding point 230. When fed by the feeding point 230, the first radiator 21 and the second radiator 22 operate at the same operating frequency. This allows energy coupling between the first radiator 21 and the second radiator 22, thereby radiating electromagnetic waves.

[0307] In some embodiments, the feed point 230 is disposed on the second radiator 22. The second radiator 22 has two ends distributed along a first direction (e.g., the x-direction): a first end 221 and a second end 222. Exemplarily, the feed point 230 is disposed at the first end 221 of the second radiator 22, that is, the feed point 230 is disposed at the end of the second radiator 22 located in the negative x-direction. This configuration facilitates the formation of left-handed circularly polarized waves.

[0308] In other embodiments, referring to FIG36 , a feeding point 230 is disposed on the first radiator 21. The first radiator 21 has two ends distributed along a first direction (e.g., the x-direction): a first end 211 and a second end 212. Exemplarily, the feeding point 230 is disposed at the first end 211 of the first radiator 21, that is, at the end of the first radiator 21 located in the negative x-direction. This arrangement facilitates the formation of left-handed circularly polarized electromagnetic waves.

[0309] The following describes the design of the first antenna structure using the example of a case where the feed point 230 is located at the first end 221 of the second radiator 22. It should be understood that the design of the first antenna structure when the feed point 230 is located at the first end 211 of the first radiator 21 is similar to that described below and will not be further described.

[0310] In some embodiments, with continued reference to Figures 34 and 35 , the electronic device further includes a second antenna structure. Exemplarily, the second antenna structure can be used for Wi-Fi communication. The second antenna structure is disposed on one side of the first antenna structure. Specifically, the second antenna structure is disposed on one side of the first radiator 21 of the first antenna structure. The second antenna structure includes a third radiator 4, separated from the first radiator 21 by a gap 321.

[0311] Here, the second antenna structure can be set on either side of the first radiator 21. In one example, as shown in Figures 34 and 35, the second antenna structure is set on one side of the second end 212 of the first radiator 21. In another example (not shown in the figures), the second antenna structure is set on one side of the first end 211 of the first radiator 21.

[0312] The first antenna structure and the second antenna structure can operate simultaneously or in a time-sharing manner, without any limitation herein. It is understood that when the first antenna structure and the second antenna structure operate in a time-sharing manner, when the first antenna structure is operating, the second antenna structure stops operating, and the second antenna structure can operate as part of the first antenna structure at the operating frequency of the first antenna structure.

[0313] Continuing with Figure 34 , third radiator 4 is provided with a port 41 and a grounding point 42. Grounding point 42 is electrically connected to floor 30. Regarding port 41, in one example, when the second antenna structure is operating, port 41 can serve as a feed point for the second antenna structure, feeding the second antenna structure. In another example, when the first antenna structure is operating, port 41 can be matched with a specific matching circuit to serve the first antenna structure. For details, refer to the following description of the matching circuit.

[0314] In some embodiments, with continued reference to FIG. 34 and FIG. 35 , the third radiator 4 of the second antenna structure may be a part of the frame 31 of the electronic device.

[0315] In some embodiments, with continued reference to Figures 34 and 35 , the electronic device further includes a third antenna structure. Exemplarily, the third antenna structure can be used for LTE communication and / or NR communication. The third antenna structure is disposed on the other side of the first antenna structure. Specifically, the third antenna structure is disposed on the other side of the first radiator 21 in the first antenna structure. That is, the third antenna structure and the second antenna structure are respectively disposed on either side of the first radiator 21. The second antenna structure includes a fourth radiator 5, separated from the first radiator 21 by a gap 322.

[0316] Here, the third antenna structure and the second antenna structure are respectively disposed on both sides of the first radiator 21. In one example, as shown in FIG34 , the second antenna structure is disposed on one side of the second end 212 of the first radiator 21, and the third antenna structure is disposed on one side of the first end 211 of the first radiator 21. In other examples (not shown), the second antenna structure is disposed on one side of the first end 211 of the first radiator 21, and the third antenna structure is disposed on one side of the second end 212 of the first radiator 21.

[0317] The first and third antenna structures can operate simultaneously or in a time-sharing manner, without any limitation here. It is understood that when the first and third antenna structures operate in a time-sharing manner, when the first antenna structure is operating, the third antenna structure stops operating, and the third antenna structure can operate at the operating frequency of the first antenna structure as part of the first antenna structure. When the first, second, and third antenna structures all operate in a time-sharing manner, when the first antenna structure is operating, the second and third antenna structures both stop operating, and the second and third antenna structures can operate at the operating frequency of the first antenna structure as part of the first antenna structure.

[0318] Continuing with FIG34 , the fourth radiator 5 is provided with a port 51 and a grounding point 52. The grounding point 52 is electrically connected to the floor 30. Regarding port 51, in one example, when the third antenna structure is operating, port 51 can serve as a feeding point for the third antenna structure, feeding the third antenna structure. In another example, when the first antenna structure is operating, port 51 can be matched with a specific matching circuit to serve the first antenna structure. For details, please refer to the relevant description of the matching circuit below.

[0319] In some embodiments, with continued reference to FIG. 34 , the fourth radiator 5 may be a part of the frame 31 of the electronic device.

[0320] In the above embodiment, the first radiator 21, the third radiator 4, and the fourth radiator 5 are all part of the frame 31 of the electronic device and are all located at the top of the frame 31. The electrical lengths of the first radiator 21, the third radiator 4, and the fourth radiator 5 can be flexibly set, depending on the actual situation. For example, if the second antenna structure and the third antenna structure are existing structures in the electronic device, and the electrical lengths of the respective third radiator 4 and fourth radiator 5 are already determined and difficult to modify, then the electrical length of the first radiator 21 can be appropriately adjusted (reduced or increased). At the same time, the electrical length of the second radiator 22 can also be adjusted based on the adjustment of the electrical length of the first radiator 21. In addition, different matching circuits can be combined to compensate for the effects of the length adjustment. In this way, the operating requirements of each antenna structure can be met.

[0321] In some embodiments, with continued reference to Figures 34 and 35 , the electronic device further includes an electronic component 362. The electronic component 362 is disposed on one side of one end of the second radiator 22 that is distributed along a first direction (e.g., the x-direction). The end of the second radiator 22 that is distributed along the first direction (e.g., the x-direction) is recessed relative to the end of the first radiator 21 that is distributed along the first direction (e.g., the x-direction) on the same side. Exemplarily, the electronic component 362 is an earpiece.

[0322] Here, the end of the second radiator 22 distributed along the first direction (e.g., the x-direction) may be either the first end 221 or the second end 222 of the second radiator 22. FIG34 only illustrates a structure in which the electronic component 362 is disposed on one side of the first end 221 of the second radiator 22 distributed along the first direction (e.g., the x-direction). It should be understood that the electronic component 362 may also be disposed on one side of the second end 222 of the second radiator 22 distributed along the first direction (e.g., the x-direction), depending on actual circumstances.

[0323] Because the electronic component 362 is positioned to one side of one end of the second radiator 22, to avoid the electronic component 362 and to ensure a relatively clean working environment near the second radiator 22, the end of the second radiator 22 extending along the first direction (e.g., the x-direction) is retracted relative to the end of the first radiator 21 extending along the first direction (e.g., the x-direction) on the same side. It should be understood that the end of the second radiator 22 extending along the first direction (e.g., the x-direction) and the end of the first radiator 21 extending along the first direction (e.g., the x-direction) are located on the same side of the first antenna structure. For example, the end of the second radiator 22 extending along the first direction (e.g., the x-direction) is the first end 221 of the second radiator 22, and the end of the first radiator 21 extending along the first direction (e.g., the x-direction) is the first end 211 of the first radiator 21.

[0324] In the above embodiment, with continued reference to FIG. 34 , when the other end (e.g., second end 212) of the first radiator 21 along the first direction (e.g., the x-direction) is aligned with the other end (e.g., second end 222) of the second radiator 22 along the first direction (e.g., the x-direction), the electrical length (or physical length) of the second radiator 22 along the first direction (e.g., the x-direction) is smaller than the electrical length (or physical length) of the first radiator 21 along the first direction (e.g., the x-direction). In actual design, if conditions permit, the other end (e.g., second end 222) of the second radiator 22 along the first direction (e.g., the x-direction) may be partially lengthened to compensate for the missing portion of the one end of the second radiator 22 along the first direction (e.g., the x-direction).

[0325] In a specific example, as shown in Figure 34, the electronic component 362 is arranged on one side of the first end 221 of the second radiator 22, the second antenna structure is used for WIFI communication, and is arranged on one side of the second end 212 of the first radiator 21, the port 41 of the third radiator 4 of the second antenna structure is arranged close to the first radiator 21, the third antenna structure can be used for LTE communication and / or NR communication, and is arranged on one side of the first end 211 of the first radiator 21, and the port 51 of the fourth radiator 5 of the third antenna structure has a distance from the end of the electronic component 362 in the first direction (for example, the x direction).

[0326] It can be understood that since the electronic component 362 is arranged on one side of the first end 221 of the second radiator 22, the fourth radiator 5 is arranged on one side of the first end 211 of the first radiator 21, and the first end 221 of the second radiator 22 is arranged on the same side as the first end 211 of the first radiator 21, the distance between the fourth radiator 5 and the electronic component 362 is relatively close. In order to reduce the impact of the electronic component 362 on the performance of the third antenna structure, the port 51 of the fourth radiator 5 of the third antenna structure is arranged away from the electronic component 362, that is, the port 51 has a distance from the end of the electronic component 362 in the first direction (for example, the x direction).

[0327] Figure 37 is another schematic diagram of a local area near the first antenna structure in an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application. Figure 38 is another schematic diagram of a matching circuit provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0328] Referring to Figure 37 , a feed point 230 is provided at the first end 221 of the second radiator 22. The first radiator 21 includes two ports: a first port 231 and a second port 232. A grounded first matching circuit 261 is provided at the first port 231, and a grounded second matching circuit 262 is provided at the second port 232. The first matching circuit 261 and the second matching circuit 262 are jointly used to match the operating frequency of the first antenna structure and can also be used to control the left-handed circularly polarized component of the first antenna structure. For example, the first port 231 is located at the first end 211 of the first radiator 21, and the second port 232 is located at the second end 212 of the first radiator 21. Here, the first port 231 and the feed point 230 are provided on the same side of the first antenna structure.

[0329] For example, referring to FIG38 , first matching circuit 261 includes capacitor 2612, one end of which is electrically connected to first radiator 21 at first port 231, and the other end of capacitor 2612 is grounded. Second matching circuit 262 includes inductor 2622, one end of which is electrically connected to first radiator 21 at second port 232, and the other end of inductor 2622 is grounded. This structural design facilitates the formation of left-handed circularly polarized waves in the antenna structure.

[0330] In some embodiments, with continued reference to FIG. 38 , a third matching circuit 260 may be provided at the feed point 230 for matching the operating frequency of the first antenna structure.

[0331] 38 , the third matching circuit 260 includes a grounded inductor 2603 connected in parallel to the feed path between the feed point 230 and the feed source 25. Exemplarily, the third matching circuit 260 also includes a capacitor 2602 located between the feed source 25 and the feed point 230. In other words, the capacitor 2602 is disposed on the feed path between the feed source 25 and the feed point 230.

[0332] In some embodiments, with continued reference to FIG38 , a grounded fourth matching circuit 410 may be provided at the port 41 of the third radiator 4. The fourth matching circuit 410 is configured to serve the first antenna structure. Specifically, the fourth matching circuit 410 is configured to match the third radiator 4 to the operating frequency of the first antenna structure. In this way, the third radiator 4 can function as part of the first antenna structure and operate within the operating frequency band of the first antenna structure, allowing the third radiator 4, the first radiator 21, and the second radiator 22 to operate as a whole, thereby minimizing the impact of the third radiator 4 on the first antenna structure.

[0333] Exemplarily, the fourth matching circuit 410 includes a grounded capacitor 4101 , one end of the capacitor 4101 is electrically connected to the third radiator 4 at the port 41 , and the other end of the capacitor 4101 is grounded.

[0334] It should be noted that port 41 can not only match the fourth matching circuit 410 to serve the first antenna structure, but also serve as a feeding point of the second antenna structure and be electrically connected to the feed source and / or matching circuit, thereby serving the second antenna structure. Therefore, in implementation, a switch can be set at port 41 to switch between different paths through the switch to achieve different purposes.

[0335] In some embodiments, with continued reference to FIG38 , a grounded fifth matching circuit 510 may be provided at the port 51 of the fourth radiator 5. The fifth matching circuit 510 is configured to serve the first antenna structure. Specifically, the fifth matching circuit 510 is configured to match the fourth radiator 5 to the operating frequency of the first antenna structure. In this way, the fourth radiator 5 can operate as part of the first antenna structure within the operating frequency band of the first antenna structure, allowing the fourth radiator 5, the first radiator 21, and the second radiator 22 to operate as a whole, thereby minimizing the impact of the fourth radiator 5 on the first antenna structure.

[0336] Exemplarily, the fifth matching circuit 510 includes a grounded capacitor 5101 , one end of the capacitor 5101 is electrically connected to the fourth radiator 5 at the port 51 , and the other end of the capacitor 5101 is grounded.

[0337] It should be noted that since port 51 can not only match the fifth matching circuit 510 to serve the first antenna structure, but also serve as the feeding point of the third antenna structure and be electrically connected to the feed source and / or matching circuit, thereby serving the third antenna structure, a switch can be set at port 51 in implementation, and the switch can be used to switch between different paths to achieve different purposes.

[0338] In a specific example, a feeding point 230 is provided on the first end 221 of the second radiator 22, a grounded first matching circuit 261 is provided at the first port 231 of the first radiator 21, a grounded second matching circuit 262 is provided at the second port 232 of the first radiator 21, a third matching circuit 260 is provided at the feeding point 230 of the second radiator 22, a grounded fourth matching circuit 410 is provided at the port 41 of the third radiator 4, and a grounded fifth matching circuit 410 is provided at the port 51 of the fourth radiator 5. Among them, the first matching circuit 261 includes a capacitor 2612, one end of the capacitor 2612 is electrically connected to the first radiator 21 at the first port 231, and the other end of the capacitor 2612 is grounded. The second matching circuit includes an inductor 2622, one end of the inductor 2622 is electrically connected to the first radiator 21 at the second port 232, and the other end of the inductor 2622 is grounded. The third matching circuit 260 includes a grounded inductor 2603 and a capacitor 2602 located between the feed source 25 and the feeding point 230, and the inductor 2603 is connected in parallel to the feed path between the feeding point 230 and the feed source 25. The fourth matching circuit 410 includes a grounded capacitor 4101, one end of the capacitor 4101 is electrically connected to the third radiator 4 at the port 41, and the other end of the capacitor 4101 is grounded. The fifth matching circuit 510 includes a grounded capacitor 5101, one end of the capacitor 5101 is electrically connected to the fourth radiator 5 at the port 51, and the other end of the capacitor 5101 is grounded. Such a structural design, when the second antenna structure and the third antenna structure are arranged on both sides of the first radiator 21, not only meets the working requirements of the second antenna structure and the third antenna structure, but also facilitates the formation of left-handed circularly polarized waves of the first antenna structure.

[0339] In the embodiment of the present application, a switch can be provided at each port or feed point of each radiator. The switch is used to switch between multiple matching circuits to adjust the first antenna structure to different operating frequencies or to different states of other parameters. The switch configuration is similar to the design of FIG. 19 above, and reference can be made to the above design, and no further description is given here.

[0340] Figure 39 is another perspective schematic diagram of a localized area near the first antenna structure in an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application. Compared to Figure 35 , Figure 39 adds a rear camera 360, with the first antenna structure positioned to one side of the rear camera 360. The second radiator 22 is positioned between the first radiator 21 and the rear camera 360.

[0341] Because the rear camera 360 is relatively close to the second radiator 22, the performance of the first antenna structure was simulated. To obtain relatively accurate simulation results for the first antenna structure, the electronic device shown in FIG39 was used as an example to simulate the performance of the first antenna structure. Furthermore, since the electronic component 362 affects the electrical length of the second radiator 22, for ease of simulation, the electronic component 362 was removed after the electrical length of the second radiator 22 was determined. Furthermore, the feed point 230 was located at the first end 221 of the second radiator 22, focusing on the left-handed circularly polarized performance of the first antenna structure.

[0342] Below, in combination with Figures 40 to 44, the left-hand circular polarization performance of the first antenna structure of the embodiment of the present application is further illustrated through simulation results.

[0343] Figures 40 to 42 illustrate simulation results of the first antenna structure when the operating frequency of the first antenna structure is 2.2 GHz. Figure 40 is a current distribution diagram of a local area near the first antenna structure in the electronic device shown in Figure 39 when the operating frequency of the first antenna structure is 2.2 GHz. Figure 41 is an electric field distribution diagram of a local area near the first antenna structure in the electronic device shown in Figure 39 when the operating frequency of the first antenna structure is 2.2 GHz. Figure 42 is a left-handed circularly polarized directivity diagram of the electronic device shown in Figure 39 when the operating frequency of the first antenna structure is 2.2 GHz.

[0344] In the 2.2 GHz simulation structure of the first antenna structure shown in FIG39 , as a specific example, the physical length of the first radiator 21 is 37 mm, the physical length of the second radiator 22 is 33 mm, and except for the second gap 324, the remaining gaps are basically 1.2 mm, and the second gap 324 is 1 mm. The matching circuits of the radiators are shown in FIG38 , the capacitance value of the capacitor 2612 is 0.2 pF, the inductance value of the inductor 2622 is 7.8 nH, the capacitance value of the capacitor 2602 is 1.5 pF, the inductance value of the inductor 2603 is 7 nH, the capacitance value of the capacitor 4101 is 1.2 pF, and the capacitance value of the capacitor 5101 is 1.2 pF.

[0345] In FIG40 , at the top of the electronic device in the positive y direction, current is distributed on both the first radiator 211 and the second radiator 22 , and the first antenna structure generates radiation.

[0346] In Figure 41 , the electromagnetic wave generated by the first antenna structure, propagating in the positive y-direction, generates an electric field component distributed along the x-direction (shown by the dashed area ox) and an electric field component distributed along the z-direction (shown by the dashed area oz). Regarding the z-direction electric field component of interest, it can be seen that the z-direction electric field component is formed between the second radiator 22 and the floor 30, with the entire second radiator 22 providing a significant portion of the z-direction electric field component.

[0347] The left-hand circular polarization directivity diagram of FIG42 shows the total directivity and left-hand circular polarization directivity of the electronic device. For the left-hand circular polarization directivity of the directional range (the area marked with a dotted circle) for transmitting and receiving left-hand circular polarization waves that we are concerned about, the direction of the left-hand circular polarization directivity of the electronic device is within the area marked with a dotted circle. Therefore, the left-hand circular polarization directivity of the electronic device shown in FIG42 can be used as the left-hand circular polarization directivity of the directional range for transmitting and receiving left-hand circular polarization waves marked with a dotted circle that we are concerned about. Based on this, in the simulation results of FIG42, the left-hand circular polarization directivity of the first antenna structure obtained is 1.79dBi. Compared with FIG7, the left-hand circular polarization directivity performance of the prior art is improved by about 0.8dBi, and a left-hand circular polarization wave can be formed well, effectively improving the circular polarization performance of the first antenna structure.

[0348] Further comparing the results in Figure 42 with those in Figure 23, in Figure 23, the total polarization directivity of the first antenna structure is 3.786dBi, the left-hand circular polarization directivity is 1.849dBi, and the axial ratio is 18.1dB. In Figure 42, the total polarization directivity of the first antenna structure is 4.576dBi, the left-hand circular polarization directivity is 1.79dBi, and the axial ratio is 29.82dB. Compared to Figure 23, although the axial ratio in Figure 42 is not as good as that in Figure 23, the total polarization directivity in Figure 42 is increased. Even when the axial ratio is not very good, the increase in the total polarization directivity ensures that the allocated left-hand circular polarization directivity is not bad. The final result is that the left-hand circular polarization directivity is still significantly improved.

[0349] Further analysis shows that compared with Figure 23, in Figure 42, from a size perspective, the physical length of the first radiator 21 of the first antenna structure is lengthened by 5 mm. Although the physical length of the second radiator 22 is less than the physical length of the first radiator 21, the overall physical length of the second radiator 22 is increased by 1 mm, which will increase the electric field component in the x-direction as a whole, and the second gap 324 between the second radiator 22 and the floor 30 is reduced by 1 mm, which will reduce the electric field component in the z-direction as a whole. Therefore, the axial ratio of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the first antenna structure will be reduced; however, the increase in the physical length of the first radiator 21 and the second radiator 22 will lead to an increase in the overall polarization directivity of the first antenna structure. Therefore, in general, the left-handed circularly polarized directivity of the first antenna structure obtained is still much improved than the prior art.

[0350] In the 2.0 GHz simulation structure of the first antenna structure shown in FIG39 , the size of the antenna structure remains unchanged, the matching circuit is slightly changed, and the matching circuits of each radiator are similar to those in FIG38 , wherein the capacitance value of capacitor 2612 is 0.8 pF, inductor 2622 , capacitor 2602 , and inductor 2603 are all open, the capacitance value of capacitor 4101 is 1.2 pF, and the capacitance value of capacitor 5101 is 1.2 pF.

[0351] Since the current distribution and electric field distribution of the first antenna structure when the operating frequency is 2.0 GHz are basically similar to the current distribution and electric field distribution when the operating frequency is 2.2 GHz, the current distribution and electric field distribution when the operating frequency is 2.0 GHz are not illustrated here. For details, please refer to the relevant description when the operating frequency of the antenna structure is 2.2 GHz.

[0352] Figure 43 is a left-hand circular polarization directivity diagram of the electronic device shown in Figure 39 when the operating frequency of the first antenna structure is 2.0 GHz. In Figure 43, it can be seen that the left-hand circular polarization directivity of the first antenna structure is 0.6375 dBi.

[0353] The following describes the first antenna structure of an embodiment of the present application from the perspective of improving right-hand circular polarization performance, in conjunction with Figures 44 to 52. The primary difference between the first antenna structure for improving right-hand circular polarization performance and the first antenna structure for improving left-hand circular polarization performance described above lies in the configuration of the feed point and the associated matching circuit. The remaining structures are essentially similar. Therefore, the following description focuses on the differences between the two. For similar structures, reference can be made to the relevant descriptions above.

[0354] Figure 44 is another schematic diagram of a local area near the first antenna structure in an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 45 is another perspective schematic diagram of a local area near the first antenna structure in an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 46 is another schematic diagram of a local area near the first antenna structure in an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0355] In some embodiments, referring to Figures 44 and 45 , a feed point 230 is disposed on the second radiator 22. The second radiator 22 has two ends distributed along a first direction (e.g., the x-direction): a first end 221 and a second end 222. Exemplarily, the feed point 230 is disposed at the second end 222 of the second radiator 22, i.e., the feed point 230 is disposed at the end of the second radiator 22 located in the positive x-direction. This arrangement facilitates the formation of right-handed circularly polarized waves.

[0356] In other embodiments, referring to FIG. 46 , a feed point 230 is disposed on the first radiator 21. The first radiator 21 has two ends distributed along a first direction (e.g., the x-direction): a first end 211 and a second end 212. Exemplarily, the feed point 230 is disposed at the second end 212 of the first radiator 21, i.e., the feed point 230 is disposed at the end of the first radiator 21 located in the positive x-direction. This arrangement facilitates the formation of right-handed circularly polarized electromagnetic waves.

[0357] In some embodiments, with continued reference to FIG. 44 and FIG. 45 , the electronic device further includes a second antenna structure, and the second antenna structure includes a third radiator 4 .

[0358] In some embodiments, with continued reference to FIG. 44 and FIG. 45 , the electronic device further includes a third antenna structure. The third antenna structure includes a fourth radiator 5 . The fourth radiator 5 is provided with a port 51 and a grounding point 52 .

[0359] In some embodiments, with continued reference to FIG. 44 and FIG. 45 , the electronic device further includes an electronic component 362 .

[0360] For the description of the second antenna structure, the third antenna structure and the electronic component 362 , reference may be made to the above related descriptions and will not be repeated here.

[0361] Figure 47 is another schematic diagram of the local area near the first antenna structure in the electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0362] In some embodiments, a feeding point 230 is provided on the second end 222 of the second radiator 22, and a grounded matching circuit is provided on the first radiator 21. The matching circuit is used to match the operating frequency of the first antenna structure. In addition, it can also be used to control the right-handed circularly polarized component of the antenna structure.

[0363] In some embodiments, referring to FIG. 47 , the first radiator 21 includes two ports: a first port 231 and a second port 232. The first port 231 is located at the second end 212 of the first radiator 21, and the second port 232 is located at the first end 211 of the first radiator 21. A grounded first matching circuit 261 is provided at the first port 231, and a grounded second matching circuit 262 is provided at the second port 232. The first matching circuit 261 and the second matching circuit 262 are used to match the operating frequency of the first antenna structure and can also be used to control the right-handed circularly polarized component of the first antenna structure. Here, the first port 231 and the feed point 230 are located on the same side of the first antenna structure.

[0364] In some embodiments, a third matching circuit 260 (as shown in FIG. 38 ) may be provided at the feed point 230 for matching the operating frequency of the first antenna structure.

[0365] In some embodiments, continuing to refer to Figure 47, a grounded fourth matching circuit 410 can be provided at the port 41 of the third radiator 4. The fourth matching circuit 410 is used to serve the first antenna structure. Specifically, the fourth matching circuit 410 is used to match the third radiator 4 to the operating frequency of the first antenna structure.

[0366] In some embodiments, continuing to refer to Figure 47, a grounded fifth matching circuit 510 can be provided at the port 51 of the fourth radiator 5. The fifth matching circuit 510 is used to serve the first antenna structure. Specifically, the fifth matching circuit 510 is used to match the fourth radiator 5 to the operating frequency of the first antenna structure.

[0367] For the relevant descriptions about the first matching circuit 261 , the second matching circuit 262 , the third matching circuit 260 , the fourth matching circuit 410 and the fifth matching circuit 510 , reference may be made to the relevant descriptions about FIG. 38 above, and no further details are given.

[0368] When the feeding point 230 is set at the second end 212 of the first radiator 21, the design of the matching circuit of the first radiator 21 and the second radiator 22 can refer to the matching circuit above and will not be repeated. The ports and matching circuits of the third radiator 4 and the fourth radiator 5 are still as shown in Figure 47.

[0369] It can be seen that relative to the first antenna structure for improving the left-hand circular polarization performance, the positions of the feeding point 230, the first port 231, and the second port 232 of the first antenna structure for improving the right-hand circular polarization performance, as well as the first matching circuit 261 at the first port 231, the second matching circuit 261 at the second port 232, and the third matching circuit 260 at the feeding point are all swapped in a mirror manner, which can achieve right-hand circular polarization of the first antenna structure.

[0370] Below, in combination with Figures 48 to 52, the right-hand circular polarization performance of the first antenna structure of the embodiment of the present application is further illustrated through simulation results.

[0371] Figure 48 is another perspective schematic diagram of a local area near the first antenna structure in an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application. In Figure 48, the first antenna structure is disposed on one side of the rear camera 360, wherein the second radiator 22 is disposed between the first radiator 21 and the rear camera 360.

[0372] Because the rear camera 360 is relatively close to the second radiator 22, the performance of the first antenna structure was simulated. To obtain relatively accurate simulation results for the first antenna structure, the electronic device shown in FIG48 was used as an example to simulate the performance of the first antenna structure. Furthermore, since the electronic component 362 affects the electrical length of the second radiator 22, for ease of simulation, the electronic component 362 was removed after the electrical length of the second radiator 22 was determined. Furthermore, the feed point 230 was located at the second end 222 of the second radiator 22, focusing on the right-handed circularly polarized performance of the first antenna structure.

[0373] Figures 49 to 51 illustrate simulation results of the first antenna structure when the operating frequency of the first antenna structure is 2.2 GHz. Figure 49 is a current distribution diagram of a local area near the first antenna structure in the electronic device shown in Figure 48 when the operating frequency of the first antenna structure is 2.2 GHz. Figure 50 is an electric field distribution diagram of a local area near the first antenna structure in the electronic device shown in Figure 49 when the operating frequency of the first antenna structure is 2.2 GHz. Figure 51 is a right-handed circularly polarized directivity diagram of the electronic device shown in Figure 49 when the operating frequency of the first antenna structure is 2.2 GHz.

[0374] In the 2.2 GHz simulation structure of the first antenna structure shown in FIG48 , as a specific example, the physical length of the first radiator 21 is 37 mm, the physical length of the second radiator 22 is 33 mm, and except for the second gap 324, the remaining gaps are basically 1.2 mm, and the second gap 324 is 1 mm. The matching circuits of the radiators are shown in FIG38 , the capacitance value of the capacitor 2612 is 0.2 pF, the inductance value of the inductor 2622 is 7.8 nH, the capacitance value of the capacitor 2602 is 1.5 pF, the inductance value of the inductor 2603 is 7 nH, the capacitance value of the capacitor 4101 is 1.2 pF, and the capacitance value of the capacitor 5101 is 1.2 pF.

[0375] In FIG49 , at the top of the electronic device in the positive y direction, current is distributed on both the first radiator 211 and the second radiator 22 , and the antenna structure generates radiation.

[0376] In Figure 50 , the electromagnetic wave generated by the first antenna structure, propagating in the positive y-direction, generates an electric field component distributed along the x-direction (as indicated by the dashed area ox) and an electric field component distributed along the z-direction (as indicated by the dashed area oz). Regarding the z-direction electric field component of interest, it can be seen that the z-direction electric field component is formed between the second radiator 22 and the floor 30, with the entire second radiator 22 providing a significant amount of the z-direction electric field component.

[0377] In FIG51 , it can be seen that the right-hand circular polarization directivity of the first antenna structure is 1.946 dBi.

[0378] In the 2.0 GHz simulation structure of the first antenna structure shown in FIG48 , the size of the first antenna structure remains unchanged, the matching circuit is slightly changed, and the matching circuits of each radiator are similar to those in FIG38 , wherein the capacitance value of capacitor 2612 is 0.8 pF, the inductor 2622 , the capacitor 2602 , and the inductor 2603 are all open circuits, the capacitance value of capacitor 4101 is 1.2 pF, and the capacitance value of capacitor 5101 is 1.2 pF.

[0379] Since the current distribution and electric field distribution of the first antenna structure when the operating frequency is 2.0 GHz are basically similar to the current distribution and electric field distribution of the first antenna structure when the operating frequency is 2.2 GHz, the current distribution and electric field distribution when the operating frequency is 2.0 GHz are not illustrated here. For details, please refer to the relevant description when the operating frequency of the first antenna structure is 2.2 GHz.

[0380] Figure 52 is a right-hand circular polarization directivity diagram of the electronic device shown in Figure 49 when the operating frequency of the first antenna structure is 2.0 GHz. In Figure 52, it can be seen that the right-hand circular polarization directivity of the first antenna structure is 0.9118 dBi.

[0381] Figure 53 is another schematic diagram of a localized area near the first antenna structure in an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present application. Compared to the structure shown above, the structure illustrated in Figure 53 differs in that the first radiator 21 is arranged parallel to the floor 30. The first gap 323 between the first radiator 21 and the floor 30 can be referred to as the height of the first radiator 21 relative to the floor 30. This structure also enables the first antenna structure to generate circularly polarized waves.

[0382] To further improve the circular polarization performance of the first antenna structure, for example, with continued reference to FIG. 53 , the second radiator 22 has a larger dimension in the third direction (e.g., the y-direction) than the first radiator 21. In other words, in a structure where the first radiator 21 is disposed parallel to the floor 30, the first radiator 21 is more elongated than the second radiator 22.

[0383] It is understood that in a structure where the first radiator 21 and the second radiator 22 are arranged parallel to each other on the floor 30, the first radiator 21 provides a line current in a first direction (e.g., the x-direction), and the second radiator 22 provides an electric field component distributed along a second direction (e.g., the z-direction). The second radiator 22 can operate in a patch mode, in which case the second radiator 22 needs to be larger in a third direction (e.g., the y-direction). Therefore, by having the second radiator 22 have a larger size in the third direction (e.g., the y-direction) than the first radiator 21, the second radiator 22 can provide a larger number of electric field components distributed along the second direction (e.g., the z-direction), thereby improving the circular polarization performance of the first antenna structure.

[0384] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or replacements within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present application should be based on the scope of protection of the claims. In short, the above is only a preferred embodiment of the technical solution of the present application, and is not used to limit the scope of protection of the present application. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. An electronic device, characterized in that, Comprising a floor (30) and a first antenna structure, the first antenna structure including a first radiator (21) and a second radiator (22), The first radiator (21) is disposed on one side of the floor (30), and a first gap (323) is provided between the first radiator (21) and the floor (30); The second radiator (22) is disposed in parallel on the floor (30), and a second gap (324) is provided between the second radiator (22) and the floor (30); wherein, The first radiator (21) and the second radiator (22) do not contact each other; At least one of the first radiator (21) and the second radiator (22) is provided with a feeding point (230). When feeding at the feeding point (230), the first radiator (21) and the second radiator (22) operate at the same operating frequency, and the first antenna structure can generate an electric field component distributed in a first direction and an electric field component distributed in a second direction. The first direction and the second direction are perpendicular, the first direction is parallel to the length direction of the first radiator (21), and the second direction is perpendicular to the plane where the floor (30) is located.

2. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein One of the first radiator (21) and the second radiator (22) is provided with the feeding point (230).

3. The electronic device according to claim 2, wherein The feeding point (230) is disposed close to the other radiator without the feeding point (230).

4. The electronic device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, One end of one of the first radiator (21) and the second radiator (22) distributed along the first direction is provided with the feeding point (230).

5. The electronic device according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that, The feeding point (230) is provided on the second radiator (22).

6. The electronic device according to claim 5, characterized in that, A matching circuit grounded is provided on the first radiator (21), and the matching circuit is used to match the operating frequency of the first antenna structure.

7. The electronic device according to claim 6, characterized in that, One end of the first radiator (21) distributed along the first direction is provided with a first port (231), and the matching circuit includes a first matching circuit (261) grounded. The first matching circuit (261) is disposed at the first port (231). Among them, the first port (231) and the feeding point (230) are located on the same side of the first antenna structure, and the first matching circuit (261) includes a capacitor.

8. The electronic device according to claim 7, wherein The other end of the first radiator (21) distributed along the first direction is provided with a second port (232), and the matching circuit further includes a second matching circuit (262) grounded. The second matching circuit (262) is disposed at the second port (232). Among them, the second matching circuit (262) includes an inductor.

9. The electronic device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, A third matching circuit (260) is disposed at the feeding point (230), and the third matching circuit (260) is used to match the operating frequency of the first antenna structure.

10. The electronic device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The first radiator (21) can generate an electric field component distributed in the first direction, and the second radiator (22) can generate an electric field component distributed in the second direction.

11. The electronic device according to claim 1, 9 or 10, characterized in that, At least one of the first radiator (21) and the second radiator (22) is provided with a plurality of the feeding points (230).

12. The electronic device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that, Both ends of the second radiator (22) distributed along the first direction are flush with both ends of the first radiator (21) distributed along the first direction respectively.

13. The electronic device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that, One end of the second radiator (22) distributed along the first direction is not flush with one end of the first radiator (21) on the same side, and the other end of the second radiator (22) distributed along the first direction is flush or not flush with the other end of the first radiator (21) on the same side.

14. The electronic device according to claim 13, wherein One end of the second radiator (22) distributed along the first direction is retracted relative to one end of the first radiator (21) on the same side, and an electronic component (362) is provided on one side of one end of the second radiator (22) distributed along the first direction.

15. The electronic device according to claim 14, wherein The electronic component is a receiver.

16. The electronic device according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that, The electrical length of the second radiator (22) in the first direction and the electrical length of the first radiator (21) in the first direction are both between a half wavelength and a quarter wavelength, and the wavelength is the operating wavelength of the first antenna structure.

17. The electronic device according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that, The projections of the first radiator (21) and the second radiator (22) on the plane formed by the first direction and the second direction at least partially overlap.

18. The electronic device according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that, The electronic device further includes a second antenna structure, and the operating frequency of the second antenna structure is different from the operating frequency of the first antenna structure, wherein, The second antenna structure includes a third radiator (4), the third radiator (4) is disposed on one side of the first radiator (21), a third port (41) is provided on the third radiator (4), and a fourth matching circuit (410) is provided at the third port (41) for matching the third radiator (4) to the operating frequency of the first antenna structure.

19. The electronic device according to claim 18, wherein The electronic device further includes a third antenna structure, and the operating frequency of the third antenna structure is different from both the operating frequency of the first antenna structure and the operating frequency of the second antenna structure, wherein, The third antenna structure includes a fourth radiator (5), the fourth radiator (5) is disposed on the other side of the first radiator (21), a fourth port (51) is provided on the fourth radiator (5), and a fifth matching circuit (510) is provided at the fourth port (51) for matching the fourth radiator (5) to the operating frequency of the first antenna structure.

20. The electronic device according to any one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that, The electronic device includes a frame (31), the frame (31) surrounds the floor (30), wherein the first radiator (21) is a part of the frame (31).

21. The electronic device according to any one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that, The second radiator (22) is formed by laser direct structuring technology, flexible printed circuit board printing technology, printed circuit board technology or floating metal technology.

22. The electronic device according to any one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that, The second radiator (22) has a sheet-like structure.

23. The electronic device according to any one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that, The first antenna structure further includes an antenna bracket (24), the second radiator (22) is disposed on the antenna bracket (24), and the antenna bracket (24) is disposed on the floor (30).

24. The electronic device according to any one of claims 1 to 23, characterized in that, The first gap (323) is less than or equal to 2 mm, and / or the second gap (324) is less than or equal to 3 mm.

25. The electronic device according to any one of claims 1 to 24, characterized in that The first antenna structure is disposed at the top end of the electronic device.

26. The electronic device according to claim 25, wherein A rear camera (360) is disposed at the top end of the electronic device, and the second radiator (22) is disposed between the first radiator (21) and the rear camera (360).

27. The electronic device according to any one of claims 1 to 26, characterized in that, The floor (30) is a printed circuit board (301) or a middle frame (302) within the electronic device.

28. The electronic device according to any one of claims 1 to 27, characterized in that, The first antenna structure is used for satellite communication.

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