Lower-layer conditional handover (CHO) cell switch
LTM procedures in wireless communication systems enable UE to select an optimal candidate cell using layer-1 and layer-2 signaling, addressing the complexity and latency issues of traditional CHO methods, thereby improving handover efficiency.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2023/142225
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-12-27
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-03
AI Technical Summary
Existing conditional handover (CHO) procedures in wireless communication systems are complex and introduce significant latency due to reliance on layer-3 signaling, limiting the flexibility and efficiency of handover decisions.
Implementing lower-layer triggered mobility (LTM) procedures that allow user equipment (UE) to select a candidate cell based on layer-1 and layer-2 signaling, reducing latency and complexity by enabling UE to choose the optimal cell from multiple candidates.
LTM procedures reduce handover latency and complexity by allowing UE to select the best candidate cell, enhancing communication efficiency and flexibility.
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Figure CN2023142225_03072025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
LOWER-LAYER CONDITIONAL HANDOVER (CHO) CELL SWITCHBACKGROUNDTechnical Field
[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to communication systems, and more particularly, to a conditional handover of a wireless device from one cell to another.
[0002] Introduction
[0003] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcasts. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple-access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources. Examples of such multiple-access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.
[0004] These multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enables different wireless devices to communicate on a municipal, national, regional, and even global level. An example telecommunication standard is 5G New Radio (NR) . 5G NR is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to meet new requirements associated with latency, reliability, security, scalability (e.g., with Internet of Things (IoT) ) , and other requirements. 5G NR includes services associated with enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) , massive machine type communications (mMTC) , and ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC) . Some aspects of 5G NR may be based on the 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard. There exists a need for further improvements in 5G NR technology. These improvements may also be applicable to other multi-access technologies and the telecommunication standards that employ these technologies.SUMMARY
[0005] The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects and is intended to neither identify key or critical elements of all aspects nor delineate the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
[0006] Aspects of the disclosure are directed to a method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) . In some examples, the method includes receiving, from a first cell, lower layer triggered mobility (LTM) configuration information comprising an indication of a set of candidate cells for a conditional handover procedure, the set of candidate cells comprising a second cell. In some examples, the method includes receiving lower layer signaling from each candidate cell of the set of candidate cells. In some examples, the method includes performing the conditional handover procedure with the second cell, wherein the second cell is selected from the set of candidate cells for the conditional handover procedure based on the received lower layer signaling.
[0007] Aspects of the disclosure are directed to a method for wireless communication at a serving cell. In some examples, the method includes transmitting, to a user equipment (UE) , lower layer triggered mobility (LTM) configuration information comprising an indication of a set of candidate cells for a conditional handover procedure for handing over the UE from the serving cell to a second cell of the set of candidate cells. In some examples, the method includes receiving, from the UE, a beam report comprising an indication of each candidate cell in the set of candidate cells and one or more lower layer signaling measurements associated with each candidate cell.
[0008] Aspects of a disclosure are directed to an apparatus for wireless communication, comprising one or more memories, individually or in combination, having instructions and one or more processors, individually or in combination, configured to execute the instructions. In some examples, the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to receive, from a first cell, lower layer triggered mobility (LTM) configuration information comprising an indication of a set of candidate cells for a conditional handover procedure, the set of candidate cells comprising a second cell. In some examples, the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to receive lower layer signaling from each candidate cell of the set of candidate cells. In some examples, the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to perform the conditional handover procedure with the second cell, wherein the second cell is selected from the set of candidate cells for the conditional handover procedure based on the received lower layer signaling.
[0009] Aspects of the disclosure are directed to an apparatus for wireless communication, comprising one or more memories, individually or in combination, having instructions and one or more processors, individually or in combination, configured to execute the instructions. In some examples, the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to transmit, to a user equipment (UE) , lower layer triggered mobility (LTM) configuration information comprising an indication of a set of candidate cells for a conditional handover procedure for handing over the UE from the apparatus to a second cell of the set of candidate cells. In some examples, the one or more processors are configured to cause the apparatus to receive, from the UE, a beam report comprising an indication of each candidate cell in the set of candidate cells and one or more lower layer signaling measurements associated with each candidate cell.
[0010] Aspects of the disclosure are directed to an apparatus for wireless communication. In some examples, the apparatus includes means for receiving, from a first cell, lower layer triggered mobility (LTM) configuration information comprising an indication of a set of candidate cells for a conditional handover procedure, the set of candidate cells comprising a second cell. In some examples, the apparatus includes means for receiving lower layer signaling from each candidate cell of the set of candidate cells. In some examples, the apparatus includes means for performing the conditional handover procedure with the second cell, wherein the second cell is selected from the set of candidate cells for the conditional handover procedure based on the received lower layer signaling.
[0011] Aspects of the disclosure are directed to an apparatus for wireless communication. In some examples, the apparatus includes means for transmitting, to a user equipment (UE) , lower layer triggered mobility (LTM) configuration information comprising an indication of a set of candidate cells for a conditional handover procedure for handing over the UE from the serving cell to a second cell of the set of candidate cells. In some examples, the apparatus includes means for receiving, from the UE, a beam report comprising an indication of each candidate cell in the set of candidate cells and one or more lower layer signaling measurements associated with each candidate cell.
[0012] Aspects are directed to a non-transitory, computer-readable medium comprising computer executable code, the code when executed by one or more processors causes the one or more processors to, individually or in combination perform operations at an apparatus. In some examples, the operations include receiving, from a first cell, lower layer triggered mobility (LTM) configuration information comprising an indication of a set of candidate cells for a conditional handover procedure, the set of candidate cells comprising a second cell. In some examples, the operations include receiving lower layer signaling from each candidate cell of the set of candidate cells. In some examples, the operations include performing the conditional handover procedure with the second cell, wherein the second cell is selected from the set of candidate cells for the conditional handover procedure based on the received lower layer signaling.
[0013] Aspects of the disclosure are directed to a non-transitory, computer-readable medium comprising computer executable code, the code when executed by one or more processors causes the one or more processors to, individually or in combination perform operations at an apparatus. In some examples, the operations include transmitting, to a user equipment (UE) , lower layer triggered mobility (LTM) configuration information comprising an indication of a set of candidate cells for a conditional handover procedure for handing over the UE from the serving cell to a second cell of the set of candidate cells. In some examples, the operations include receiving, from the UE, a beam report comprising an indication of each candidate cell in the set of candidate cells and one or more lower layer signaling measurements associated with each candidate cell.
[0014] To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the one or more aspects comprise the features hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the annexed drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative features of the one or more aspects. These features are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles of various aspects may be employed, and this description is intended to include all such aspects and their equivalents.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0015] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communications system and an access network.
[0016] FIG. 2A is a diagram illustrating an example of a first frame, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
[0017] FIG. 2B is a diagram illustrating an example of downlink (DL) channels within a subframe, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
[0018] FIG. 2C is a diagram illustrating an example of a second frame, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
[0019] FIG. 2D is a diagram illustrating an example of uplink (UL) channels within a subframe, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
[0020] FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station and user equipment (UE) in an access network.
[0021] FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating an example disaggregated base station architecture.
[0022] FIG. 5 is a call-flow diagram illustrating an example conditional handover (CHO) procedure.
[0023] FIG. 6 is a call-flow diagram illustrating an example lower-layer triggered mobility (LTM) procedure.
[0024] FIG. 7 is a call-flow diagram illustrating an example LTM beam report-based CHO procedure.
[0025] FIG. 8 is a call-flow diagram illustrating another example LTM beam report-based CHO procedure.
[0026] FIG. 9 is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication.
[0027] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an example apparatus.
[0028] FIG. 11 is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication.
[0029] FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating another example of a hardware implementation for another example apparatus.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0030] The detailed description set forth below in connection with the appended drawings is intended as a description of various configurations and is not intended to represent the only configurations in which the concepts described herein may be practiced. The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing a thorough understanding of various concepts. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these concepts may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well known structures and components are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring such concepts.
[0031] Aspects of the disclosure are directed to lower-layer conditional handover (CHO) procedures, wherein a wireless node (e.g., a user equipment (UE) ) performs a handover from one cell to another based largely on lower-layer signaling (e.g., layer-1 (L1) and layer-2 (L2) signaling) .
[0032] In a conventional CHO procedure, a UE may perform one or more measurements on a signal received from a current cell (e.g., gNB or serving cell) serving the UE. The UE may transmit a measurement report containing the measurements to the current cell. If the current cell determines that the measurements satisfy a threshold condition (e.g., a UE-measured radio resource received power (RSRP) is below a threshold value) , then the current cell may determine to provide the UE with information associate with one or more candidate cells to which the UE may switch. Here, the current cell may transmit the candidate cell information and information for initiating access to the one or more candidate cells via radio resource control (RRC) messaging. In some examples, the candidate cell information may include RRC reconfiguration information about multiple candidate cells, thereby providing the UE with the ability to select a candidate cell from multiple options. This may enhance communications because the UE may have UE-specific information (e.g., direction of UE movement, speed of UE movement, etc. ) that the current cell does not have, thereby allowing the UE to make a determination of which candidate cell would be best for the UE. However, existing CHOs procedures are based on layer-3 (L3) signaling, such as RRC messaging and RRC reconfiguration information. L3-based handovers are relatively more complex and cause more latency than lower-layer based handovers.
[0033] Accordingly, a UE may be configured to perform handovers based on L1 and L2 signaling (e.g., lower-layer triggered mobility (LTM) ) . In current LTM procedures, a UE may use L1 and L2 signaling to indicate that the UE needs to switch to another cell. For example, the serving cell may provide the UE with configuration and maintenance information during RRC configuration between the UE and serving cell prior to any handover. The UE may perform measurements on L1 and L2 signaling between the UE and the current cell, and transmit a report of those measurements to the current cell. Based on the measurements, the current cell may determine one candidate cell for the UE, and transmit an LTM cell switch command to the UE commanding the UE to switch from the current cell to the candidate cell selected by the current cell. In other words, current lower-layer handover procedures are not “conditional, ” meaning that the UE does not have the ability to select a candidate cell from multiple candidates.
[0034] As such, aspects of the disclosure are directed to apparatuses, techniques, and methods for CHOs (e.g., where the UE is allowed to select a candidate cell) based on lower-layer signaling. These techniques reduce the latency and complexity of CHOs by using lower-layer signaling, and also provide the UE with ability to select a candidate cell for handover from multiple candidate cells. In some examples, the UE may perform a report-initiated cell switch for lower-layer CHO. In another example, the UE may perform a command-based cell switch for lower-layer CHO.
[0035] Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented with reference to various apparatus and methods. These apparatus and methods will be described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, components, circuits, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as “elements” ) . These elements may be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software, or any combination thereof. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.
[0036] By way of example, an element, or any portion of an element, or any combination of elements may be implemented as a “processing system” that includes one or more processors. Examples of processors include microprocessors, microcontrollers, graphics processing units (GPUs) , central processing units (CPUs) , application processors, digital signal processors (DSPs) , reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processors, systems on a chip (SoC) , baseband processors, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , programmable logic devices (PLDs) , state machines, gated logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform the various functionality described throughout this disclosure. One or more processors in the processing system may execute software. Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software components, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.
[0037] Accordingly, in one or more example embodiments, the functions described may be implemented in hardware, software, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on or encoded as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes computer storage media. Storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readable media can comprise a random-access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage, other magnetic storage devices, combinations of the aforementioned types of computer-readable media, or any other medium that can be used to store computer executable code in the form of instructions or data structures that can be accessed by a computer.
[0038] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communications system and an access network 100. The wireless communications system (also referred to as a wireless wide area network (WWAN) ) includes base stations 102, user equipment (s) (UE) 104, an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) 160, and another core network 190 (e.g., a 5G Core (5GC) ) . The base stations 102 may include macrocells (high power cellular base station) and / or small cells (low power cellular base station) . The macrocells include base stations. The small cells include femtocells, picocells, and microcells.
[0039] The base stations 102 configured for 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) (collectively referred to as Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) ) may interface with the EPC 160 through first backhaul links 132 (e.g., S1 interface) . The base stations 102 configured for 5G New Radio (NR) (collectively referred to as Next Generation RAN (NG-RAN) ) may interface with core network 190 through second backhaul links 184. In addition to other functions, the base stations 102 may perform one or more of the following functions: transfer of user data, radio channel ciphering and deciphering, integrity protection, header compression, mobility control functions (e.g., handover, dual connectivity) , inter-cell interference coordination, connection setup and release, load balancing, distribution for non-access stratum (NAS) messages, NAS node selection, synchronization, radio access network (RAN) sharing, Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) , subscriber and equipment trace, RAN information management (RIM) , paging, positioning, and delivery of warning messages. The base stations 102 may communicate directly or indirectly (e.g., through the EPC 160 or core network 190) with each other over third backhaul links 134 (e.g., X2 interface) . The first backhaul links 132, the second backhaul links 184, and the third backhaul links 134 may be wired or wireless.
[0040] The base stations 102 may wirelessly communicate with the UEs 104. Each of the base stations 102 may provide communication coverage for a respective geographic coverage area 110. There may be overlapping geographic coverage areas 110. For example, the small cell 102' may have a coverage area 110' that overlaps the coverage area 110 of one or more macro base stations 102. A network that includes both small cell and macrocells may be known as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network may also include Home Evolved Node Bs (eNBs) (HeNBs) , which may provide service to a restricted group known as a closed subscriber group (CSG) . The communication links 120 between the base stations 102 and the UEs 104 may include uplink (UL) (also referred to as reverse link) transmissions from a UE 104 to a base station 102 and / or downlink (DL) (also referred to as forward link) transmissions from a base station 102 to a UE 104. The communication links 120 may use multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. The communication links may be through one or more carriers. The base stations 102 / UEs 104 may use spectrum up to Y megahertz (MHz) (e.g., 5, 10, 15, 20, 100, 400, etc. MHz) bandwidth per carrier allocated in a carrier aggregation of up to a total of Yx MHz (x component carriers) used for transmission in each direction. The carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other. Allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to DL and UL (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated for DL than for UL) . The component carriers may include a primary component carrier and one or more secondary component carriers. A primary component carrier may be referred to as a primary cell (PCell) and a secondary component carrier may be referred to as a secondary cell (SCell) .
[0041] Certain UEs 104 may communicate with each other using device-to-device (D2D) communication link 158. The D2D communication link 158 may use the DL / UL WWAN spectrum. The D2D communication link 158 may use one or more sidelink channels, such as a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH) , a physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH) , a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) , and a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) . D2D communication may be through a variety of wireless D2D communications systems, such as for example, WiMedia, Bluetooth, ZigBee, Wi-Fi based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standard, LTE, or NR.
[0042] The wireless communications system may further include a Wi-Fi access point (AP) 150 in communication with Wi-Fi stations (STAs) 152 via communication links 154, e.g., in a 5 gigahertz (GHz) unlicensed frequency spectrum or the like. When communicating in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, the STAs 152 / AP 150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) prior to communicating in order to determine whether the channel is available.
[0043] The small cell 102' may operate in a licensed and / or an unlicensed frequency spectrum. When operating in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, the small cell 102' may employ NR and use the same unlicensed frequency spectrum (e.g., 5 GHz, or the like) as used by the Wi-Fi AP 150. The small cell 102', employing NR in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, may boost coverage to and / or increase capacity of the access network.
[0044] The electromagnetic spectrum is often subdivided, based on frequency / wavelength, into various classes, bands, channels, etc. In 5G NR, two initial operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) . The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as mid-band frequencies. Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “sub-6 GHz” band in various documents and articles. A similar nomenclature issue sometimes occurs with regard to FR2, which is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave” band in documents and articles, despite being different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz –300 GHz) which is identified by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) as a “millimeter wave” band.
[0045] With the above aspects in mind, unless specifically stated otherwise, it should be understood that the term “sub-6 GHz” or the like if used herein may broadly represent frequencies that may be less than 6 GHz, may be within FR1, or may include mid-band frequencies. Further, unless specifically stated otherwise, it should be understood that the term “millimeter wave” or the like if used herein may broadly represent frequencies that may include mid-band frequencies, may be within FR2, or may be within the EHF band.
[0046] A base station 102, whether a small cell 102' or a large cell (e.g., macro base station) , may include and / or be referred to as an eNB, gNodeB (gNB) , or another type of base station. Some base stations, such as gNB 180 may operate in a traditional sub 6 GHz spectrum, in millimeter wave frequencies, and / or near millimeter wave frequencies in communication with the UE 104. When the gNB 180 operates in millimeter wave or near millimeter wave frequencies, the gNB 180 may be referred to as a millimeter wave base station. The millimeter wave base station 180 may utilize beamforming 182 with the UE 104 to compensate for the path loss and short range. The base station 180 and the UE 104 may each include a plurality of antennas, such as antenna elements, antenna panels, and / or antenna arrays to facilitate the beamforming.
[0047] The base station 180 may transmit a beamformed signal to the UE 104 in one or more transmit directions 182'. The UE 104 may receive the beamformed signal from the base station 180 in one or more receive directions 182”. The UE 104 may also transmit a beamformed signal to the base station 180 in one or more transmit directions. The base station 180 may receive the beamformed signal from the UE 104 in one or more receive directions. The base station 180 / UE 104 may perform beam training to determine the best receive and transmit directions for each of the base station 180 / UE 104. The transmit and receive directions for the base station 180 may or may not be the same. The transmit and receive directions for the UE 104 may or may not be the same.
[0048] The EPC 160 may include a Mobility Management Entity (MME) 162, other MMEs 164, a Serving Gateway 166, an MBMS Gateway 168, a Broadcast Multicast Service Center (BM-SC) 170, and a Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway 172. The MME 162 may be in communication with a Home Subscriber Server (HSS) 174. The MME 162 is the control node that processes the signaling between the UEs 104 and the EPC 160. Generally, the MME 162 provides bearer and connection management. All user Internet protocol (IP) packets are transferred through the Serving Gateway 166, which itself is connected to the PDN Gateway 172. The PDN Gateway 172 provides UE IP address allocation as well as other functions. The PDN Gateway 172 and the BM-SC 170 are connected to the IP Services 176. The IP Services 176 may include the Internet, an intranet, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) , a PS Streaming Service, and / or other IP services. The BM-SC 170 may provide functions for MBMS user service provisioning and delivery. The BM-SC 170 may serve as an entry point for content provider MBMS transmission, may be used to authorize and initiate MBMS Bearer Services within a public land mobile network (PLMN) , and may be used to schedule MBMS transmissions. The MBMS Gateway 168 may be used to distribute MBMS traffic to the base stations 102 belonging to a Multicast Broadcast Single Frequency Network (MBSFN) area broadcasting a particular service, and may be responsible for session management (start / stop) and for collecting eMBMS related charging information.
[0049] The core network 190 may include a Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 192, other AMFs 193, a Session Management Function (SMF) 194, and a User Plane Function (UPF) 195. The AMF 192 may be in communication with a Unified Data Management (UDM) 196. The AMF 192 is the control node that processes the signaling between the UEs 104 and the core network 190. Generally, the AMF 192 provides Quality of Service (QoS) flow and session management. All user IP packets are transferred through the UPF 195. The UPF 195 provides UE IP address allocation as well as other functions. The UPF 195 is connected to the IP Services 197. The IP Services 197 may include the Internet, an intranet, an IMS, a Packet Switch (PS) Streaming Service, and / or other IP services.
[0050] The base station may include and / or be referred to as a gNB, Node B, eNB, an access point, a base transceiver station, a radio base station, a radio transceiver, a transceiver function, a basic service set (BSS) , an extended service set (ESS) , a transmit reception point (TRP) , or some other suitable terminology. The base station 102 provides an access point to the EPC 160 or core network 190 for a UE 104. Examples of UEs 104 include a cellular phone, a smart phone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, a laptop, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a satellite radio, a global positioning system, a multimedia device, a video device, a digital audio player (e.g., MP3 player) , a camera, a game console, a tablet, a smart device, a wearable device, a vehicle, an electric meter, a gas pump, a large or small kitchen appliance, a healthcare device, an implant, a sensor / actuator, a display, or any other similar functioning device. Some of the UEs 104 may be referred to as IoT devices (e.g., parking meter, gas pump, toaster, vehicles, heart monitor, etc. ) . The UE 104 may also be referred to as a station, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, a wireless communications device, a remote device, a mobile subscriber station, an access terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, a user agent, a mobile client, a client, or some other suitable terminology. A wireless node may comprise a UE, a base station, or a network entity of the base station.
[0051] Referring again to FIG. 1, the UE 104 may include a lower-layer triggered mobility (LTM) conditional handover (CHO) module 198. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the LTM CHO module 198 may be configured to receive, from a first cell, lower layer triggered mobility (LTM) configuration information comprising an indication of a set of candidate cells for a conditional handover procedure, the set of candidate cells comprising a second cell; receive lower layer signaling from each candidate cell of the set of candidate cells; and perform the conditional handover procedure with the second cell, wherein the second cell is selected from the set of candidate cells for the conditional handover procedure based on the received lower layer signaling. Additionally, or alternatively, the LTM CHO module 198 may perform one or more other operations described herein.
[0052] The base station 102 / 180 may include an LTM CHO configuration module 199. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the LTM CHO configuration module 199 may be configured to transmit, to a user equipment (UE) , lower layer triggered mobility (LTM) configuration information comprising an indication of a set of candidate cells for a conditional handover procedure for handing over the UE from the apparatus to a second cell of the set of candidate cells; and receive, from the UE, a beam report comprising an indication of each candidate cell in the set of candidate cells and one or more lower layer signaling measurements associated with each candidate cell. Additionally, or alternatively, the LTM CHO configuration module 199 may perform one or more other operations described herein.
[0053] FIG. 2A is a diagram 200 illustrating an example of a first subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. FIG. 2B is a diagram 230 illustrating an example of DL channels within a 5G NR subframe. FIG. 2C is a diagram 250 illustrating an example of a second subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. FIG. 2D is a diagram 280 illustrating an example of UL channels within a 5G NR subframe. The 5G NR frame structure may be frequency division duplexed (FDD) in which for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth) , subframes within the set of subcarriers are dedicated for either DL or UL, or may be time division duplexed (TDD) in which for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth) , subframes within the set of subcarriers are dedicated for both DL and UL. In the examples provided by FIGs. 2A, 2C, the 5G NR frame structure is assumed to be TDD, with subframe 4 being configured with slot format 28 (with mostly DL) , where D is DL, U is UL, and F is flexible for use between DL / UL, and subframe 3 being configured with slot format 34 (with mostly UL) . While subframes 3, 4 are shown with slot formats 34, 28, respectively, any particular subframe may be configured with any of the various available slot formats 0-61. Slot formats 0, 1 are all DL, UL, respectively. Other slot formats 2-61 include a mix of DL, UL, and flexible symbols. UEs are configured with the slot format (dynamically through DL control information (DCI) , or semi-statically / statically through radio resource control (RRC) signaling) through a received slot format indicator (SFI) . Note that the description infra applies also to a 5G NR frame structure that is TDD.
[0054] Other wireless communication technologies may have a different frame structure and / or different channels. A frame, e.g., of 10 milliseconds (ms) , may be divided into 10 equally sized subframes (1 ms) . Each subframe may include one or more time slots. Subframes may also include mini-slots, which may include 7, 4, or 2 symbols. Each slot may include 7 or 14 symbols, depending on the slot configuration. For slot configuration 0, each slot may include 14 symbols, and for slot configuration 1, each slot may include 7 symbols. The symbols on DL may be cyclic prefix (CP) orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) (CP-OFDM) symbols. The symbols on UL may be CP-OFDM symbols (for high throughput scenarios) or discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbols (also referred to as single carrier frequency-division multiple access (SC-FDMA) symbols) (for power limited scenarios; limited to a single stream transmission) . The number of slots within a subframe is based on the slot configuration and the numerology. For slot configuration 0, different numerologies μ 0 to 4 allow for 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 slots, respectively, per subframe. For slot configuration 1, different numerologies 0 to 2 allow for 2, 4, and 8 slots, respectively, per subframe. Accordingly, for slot configuration 0 and numerology μ, there are 14 symbols / slot and 2μ slots / subframe. The subcarrier spacing and symbol length / duration are a function of the numerology. The subcarrier spacing may be equal to 2μ*15 kilohertz (kHz) , where μ is the numerology 0 to 4. As such, the numerology μ=0 has a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz and the numerology μ=4 has a subcarrier spacing of 240 kHz. The symbol length / duration is inversely related to the subcarrier spacing. FIGs. 2A-2D provide an example of slot configuration 0 with 14 symbols per slot and numerology μ=2 with 4 slots per subframe. The slot duration is 0.25 ms, the subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz, and the symbol duration is approximately 16.67 μs. Within a set of frames, there may be one or more different bandwidth parts (BWPs) (see FIG. 2B) that are frequency division multiplexed. Each BWP may have a particular numerology.
[0055] A resource grid may be used to represent the frame structure. Each time slot includes a resource block (RB) (also referred to as physical RBs (PRBs) ) that extends 12 consecutive subcarriers. The resource grid is divided into multiple resource elements (REs) . The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.
[0056] As illustrated in FIG. 2A, some of the REs carry reference (pilot) signals (RS) for the UE. The RS may include demodulation RS (DM-RS) (indicated as Rx for one particular configuration, where 100x is the port number, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) and channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS) for channel estimation at the UE. The RS may also include beam measurement RS (BRS) , beam refinement RS (BRRS) , and phase tracking RS (PT-RS) .
[0057] FIG. 2B illustrates an example of various DL channels within a subframe of a frame. The physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) carries DCI within one or more control channel elements (CCEs) , each CCE including nine RE groups (REGs) , each REG including four consecutive REs in an OFDM symbol. A PDCCH within one BWP may be referred to as a control resource set (CORESET) . Additional BWPs may be located at greater and / or lower frequencies across the channel bandwidth. A primary synchronization signal (PSS) may be within symbol 2 of particular subframes of a frame. The PSS is used by a UE 104 to determine subframe / symbol timing and a physical layer identity. A secondary synchronization signal (SSS) may be within symbol 4 of particular subframes of a frame. The SSS is used by a UE to determine a physical layer cell identity group number and radio frame timing. Based on the physical layer identity and the physical layer cell identity group number, the UE can determine a physical cell identifier (PCI) . Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the locations of the aforementioned DM-RS. The physical broadcast channel (PBCH) , which carries a master information block (MIB) , may be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form a synchronization signal (SS) / PBCH block (also referred to as SS block (SSB) ) . The MIB provides a number of RBs in the system bandwidth and a system frame number (SFN) . The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information not transmitted through the PBCH such as system information blocks (SIBs) , and paging messages.
[0058] As illustrated in FIG. 2C, some of the REs carry DM-RS (indicated as R for one particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) for channel estimation at the base station. The UE may transmit DM-RS for the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) and DM-RS for the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) . The PUSCH DM-RS may be transmitted in the first one or two symbols of the PUSCH. The PUCCH DM-RS may be transmitted in different configurations depending on whether short or long PUCCHs are transmitted and depending on the particular PUCCH format used. The UE may transmit sounding reference signals (SRS) . The SRS may be transmitted in the last symbol of a subframe. The SRS may have a comb structure, and a UE may transmit SRS on one of the combs. The SRS may be used by a base station for channel quality estimation to enable frequency-dependent scheduling on the UL.
[0059] FIG. 2D illustrates an example of various UL channels within a subframe of a frame. The PUCCH may be located as indicated in one configuration. The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI) , such as scheduling requests, a channel quality indicator (CQI) , a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) , a rank indicator (RI) , and hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgement (ACK) / non-acknowledgement (NACK) feedback. The PUSCH carries data and may additionally be used to carry a buffer status report (BSR) , a power headroom report (PHR) , and / or UCI.
[0060] FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a base station 102 / 180 in communication with a UE 104 in an access network. In the DL, IP packets from the EPC 160 may be provided to one or more controller / processors 375. The controller / processor 375 implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality. Layer 3 includes a radio resource control (RRC) layer, and layer 2 includes a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, and a medium access control (MAC) layer. The controller / processor 375 provides RRC layer functionality associated with broadcasting of system information (e.g., MIB, SIBs) , RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release) , inter radio access technology (RAT) mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, security (ciphering, deciphering, integrity protection, integrity verification) , and handover support functions; RLC layer functionality associated with the transfer of upper layer packet data units (PDUs) , error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs) , re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs) , demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.
[0061] The transmit (TX) processor 316 and the receive (RX) processor 370 implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Layer 1, which includes a physical (PHY) layer, may include error detection on the transport channels, forward error correction (FEC) coding / decoding of the transport channels, interleaving, rate matching, mapping onto physical channels, modulation / demodulation of physical channels, and MIMO antenna processing. The TX processor 316 handles mapping to signal constellations based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) , quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) , M-phase-shift keying (M-PSK) , M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) ) . The coded and modulated symbols may then be split into parallel streams. Each stream may then be mapped to an OFDM subcarrier, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., pilot) in the time and / or frequency domain, and then combined together using an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying a time domain OFDM symbol stream. The OFDM stream is spatially precoded to produce multiple spatial streams. Channel estimates from a channel estimator 374 may be used to determine the coding and modulation scheme, as well as for spatial processing. The channel estimate may be derived from a reference signal and / or channel condition feedback transmitted by the UE 104. Each spatial stream may then be provided to a different antenna 320 via a separate transmitter 318TX. Each transmitter 318TX may modulate an RF carrier with a respective spatial stream for transmission.
[0062] At the UE 104, each receiver 354RX receives a signal through its respective antenna 352. Each receiver 354RX recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to the receive (RX) processor 356. The TX processor 368 and the RX processor 356 implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. The RX processor 356 may perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial streams destined for the UE 104. If multiple spatial streams are destined for the UE 104, they may be combined by the RX processor 356 into a single OFDM symbol stream. The RX processor 356 then converts the OFDM symbol stream from the time-domain to the frequency domain using a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) . The frequency domain signal comprises a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols on each subcarrier, and the reference signal, are recovered and demodulated by determining the most likely signal constellation points transmitted by the base station 102 / 180. These soft decisions may be based on channel estimates computed by the channel estimator 358. The soft decisions are then decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals that were originally transmitted by the base station 102 / 180 on the physical channel. The data and control signals are then provided to the controller / processor 359, which implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality.
[0063] The controller / processor 359 can be associated with a memory 360 that stores program codes and data. The memory 360 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 359 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, deciphering, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IP packets from the EPC 160. The controller / processor 359 is also responsible for error detection using an ACK and / or NACK protocol to support HARQ operations.
[0064] Similar to the functionality described in connection with the DL transmission by the base station 102 / 180, the controller / processor 359 provides RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIBs) acquisition, RRC connections, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, and security (ciphering, deciphering, integrity protection, integrity verification) ; RLC layer functionality associated with the transfer of upper layer PDUs, error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs, re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto TBs, demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.
[0065] Channel estimates derived by a channel estimator 358 from a reference signal or feedback transmitted by the base station 102 / 180 may be used by the TX processor 368 to select the appropriate coding and modulation schemes, and to facilitate spatial processing. The spatial streams generated by the TX processor 368 may be provided to different antenna 352 via separate transmitters 354TX. Each transmitter 354TX may modulate an RF carrier with a respective spatial stream for transmission.
[0066] The UL transmission is processed at the base station 102 / 180 in a manner similar to that described in connection with the receiver function at the UE 104. Each receiver 318RX receives a signal through its respective antenna 320. Each receiver 318RX recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to a RX processor 370.
[0067] The controller / processor 375 can be associated with a memory 376 that stores program codes and data. The memory 376 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 375 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, deciphering, header decompression, control signal processing to recover IP packets from the UE 104. IP packets from the controller / processor 375 may be provided to the EPC 160. The controller / processor 375 is also responsible for error detection using an ACK and / or NACK protocol to support HARQ operations.
[0068] At least one of the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359 may be configured to perform (e.g., provide the means for performing) aspects in connection with 198 of FIG. 1.
[0069] At least one of the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and the controller / processor 375 may be configured to perform (e.g., provide the means for performing) aspects in connection with 198 of FIG. 1.
[0070] FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating an example disaggregated base station 400 architecture. The disaggregated base station 400 architecture may include one or more CUs 410 that can communicate directly with a core network 420 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 420 through one or more disaggregated base station units (such as a near real-time (RT) RIC 425 via an E2 link, or a non-RT RIC 415 associated with a service management and orchestration (SMO) Framework 405, or both) . A CU 410 may communicate with one or more DUs 430 via respective midhaul links, such as an F1 interface. The DUs 430 may communicate with one or more RUs 440 via respective fronthaul links. The RUs 440 may communicate with respective UEs 104 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be simultaneously served by multiple RUs 440. As used herein, a network entity may correspond to a base station or to a disaggregated aspect (e.g., CU / DU / RU, etc. ) of the base station.
[0071] Each of the units, i.e., the CUs 410, the DUs 430, the RUs 440, as well as the near-RT RICs 425, the non-RT RICs 415 and the SMO framework 405, may include one or more interfaces or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of the units, or an associated processor or controller providing instructions to the communication interfaces of the units, can be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via the transmission medium. For example, the units can include a wired interface configured to receive or transmit signals over a wired transmission medium to one or more of the other units. Additionally, the units can include a wireless interface, which may include a receiver, a transmitter or transceiver (such as a radio frequency (RF) transceiver) , configured to receive or transmit signals, or both, over a wireless transmission medium to one or more of the other units.
[0072] In some aspects, the CU 410 may host higher layer control functions. Such control functions can include radio resource control (RRC) , packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) , service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) , or the like. Each control function can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by the CU 410. The CU 410 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (i.e., central unit –user plane (CU-UP) ) , control plane functionality (i.e., central unit –control plane (CU-CP) ) , or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the CU 410 can be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. The CU-UP unit can communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface, such as the E1 interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration. The CU 410 can be implemented to communicate with the DU 430, as necessary, for network control and signaling.
[0073] The DU 430 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 440. In some aspects, the DU 430 may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, or the like) depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as those defined by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . In some aspects, the DU 430 may further host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 430, or with the control functions hosted by the CU 410.
[0074] Lower-layer functionality can be implemented by one or more RUs 440. In some deployments, an RU 440, controlled by a DU 430, may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions, or low-PHY layer functions (such as performing fast Fourier transform (FFT) , inverse FFT (iFFT) , digital beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, or the like) , or both, based at least in part on the functional split, such as a lower layer functional split. In such an architecture, the RU (s) 440 can be implemented to handle over the air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 104. In some implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communication with the RU (s) 440 can be controlled by the corresponding DU 430. In some scenarios, this configuration can enable the DU (s) 430 and the CU 410 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a virtual RAN (vRAN) architecture.
[0075] The SMO Framework 405 may be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 405 may be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which may be managed via an operations and maintenance interface (such as an O1 interface) . For virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 405 may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-cloud) 490) to perform network element life cycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as an O2 interface) . Such virtualized network elements can include, but are not limited to, CUs 410, DUs 430, RUs 440 and near-RT RICs 425. In some implementations, the SMO framework 405 can communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 411, via an O1 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO Framework 405 can communicate directly with one or more RUs 440 via an O1 interface. The SMO framework 405 also may include the non-RT RIC 415 configured to support functionality of the SMO Framework 405.
[0076] The non-RT RIC 415 may be configured to include a logical function that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updates, or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the near-RT RIC 425. The non-RT RIC 415 may be coupled to or communicate with (such as via an A1 interface) the near-RT RIC 425. The near-RT RIC 425 may be configured to include a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions over an interface (such as via an E2 interface) connecting one or more CUs 410, one or more DUs 430, or both, as well as an O-eNB, with the near-RT RIC 425.
[0077] In some implementations, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the near-RT RIC 425, the non-RT RIC 415 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers. Such information may be utilized by the near-RT RIC 425 and may be received at the SMO Framework 405 or the non-RT RIC 415 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the non-RT RIC 415 or the near-RT RIC 425 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT RIC 415 may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO Framework 405 (such as reconfiguration via O1) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 policies) .
[0078] Handover (e.g., mobility) is a process of transferring an ongoing communication session of a UE from one cell (e.g., base station 102 / 180 of FIG. 1; RU 440, DU 430, or CU 410 of FIG. 4) to another cell in connected state. Handovers provide seamless connectivity and continuity of service for the UE, especially while the UE is on the move.
[0079] Introduction to Conditional Handovers (CHOs)
[0080] A conditional handover (CHO) is a mobility feature designed to improve reliability of handover operations in cellular networks. CHO achieves this by preparing for a handover in advance. For example, a serving cell may configure a UE for CHO during RRC configuration communications between the UE and serving cell. As such, the UE may be configured to perform a CHO at a time of relatively favorable radio conditions between the UE and serving cell so that the UE may execute CHO if needed in the future. Thus, by configuring the UE for CHO in advance, the CHO preparation and CHO execution are decoupled and the likelihood of experiencing a failure in the source cell or during a random-access attempt to a candidate cell is reduced.
[0081] In some examples, a CHO may be executed if an associated condition or criteria is met instead of upon the reception of handover command. For CHO, the UE may be configured with CHO execution criteria (e.g., conditions) defining when the UE may execute a CHO. Such criteria may include threshold values or measurement quantities of UE measurements performed on signaling (e.g., reference signal (s) ) received from the serving cell and / or candidate cells. Measurements for criteria may include one or more of a received signal reference power (RSRP) measurement, a received signal reference quality (RSRQ) measurement, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) measurement, a signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) measurement, and / or any other suitable measurement. Other CHO execution criteria may be in the form of measurement events, such as when an offset between a candidate cell signal measurement and a serving cell signal measurement satisfies a threshold condition. In some examples, when the UE determines that a CHO criterion is satisfied, the UE may execute a handover towards a candidate cell. This provides the UE with the ability to evaluate multiple candidate cells for potential CHO and select the optimum candidate cell for execution of CHO.
[0082] FIG. 5 is a call-flow diagram illustrating an example CHO procedure 500 performed in a network including a UE 104, a serving cell 502 (e.g., base station 102 / 180 of FIG. 1; RU 440, DU 430, CU 410 of FIG. 4) having an active communication link with the UE 104, a first candidate cell 504 and a second candidate cell 506 (e.g., other base stations 102 / 180 of FIG. 1; other RUs 440, DUs 430, CUs 410 of FIG. 4) .
[0083] At a first communication 507, the UE 104 and serving cell 502 may establish RRC communication (e.g., via RRC configuration messaging) . At a second communication 508, the UE 104 may transmit a measurement report to the serving cell 502. The measurement report may include measurement values or information based on UE-performed measurements of layer 3 (L3) signaling received from the candidate cells and / or the serving cell 502. At a third communication 510 and a fourth communication 512, the serving cell 502 may communicate with the first candidate cell 504 and the second candidate cell 506, respectively, to prepare corresponding handover configurations to be used by the UE 104 for accessing a selected candidate cell. Although FIG. 5 shows two candidate cells, there may be fewer or more candidate cells in the network (e.g., up to eight candidate cells) . At a fifth communication 514, the serving cell 502 may transmit a CHO command (e.g., RRC reconfiguration message) that includes the candidate cell configurations and CHO execution criteria for the candidate cells.
[0084] Upon reception of the CHO command, and instead of performing a handover and detaching from the serving cell 502, the UE 104 may refrain from immediately executing a handover and may maintain active communication with the serving cell 502. While the UE 104 continues exchanging uplink and downlink communications with the serving cell, the UE 104 may evaluate the communications until a CHO execution criterion is met. For example, at a first process 516, the UE 104 may measure L3 signaling from the serving cell 502 and candidate cells until one or more execution criteria is met. Once a criterion is met, the UE 104 may initiate CHO execution with any of the candidate cells associated with the satisfied criteria (e.g., shown as the second candidate cell 506) , as shown in a sixth communication 518. Here, the UE 104 may transmit a random-access preamble and awaits the candidate cell’s response.
[0085] Thus, the CHO procedure may be characterized by a split of roles. For example, during a handover preparation phase, the serving cell 502 is responsible for setting the CHO execution criteria, while the UE 104 evaluates the signaling to determine if a criterion is met and ultimately executes the CHO, during a handover execution phase. However, the CHO procedure illustrated in FIG. 5 relies on L3 and RRC communications between the UE 104 and serving cell 502 (e.g., CHO is triggered by L3 measurements and is done via RRC signaling) . For example, at the fifth communication 514, the serving cell may use RRC messaging to configure the UE 104 with CHO handover criteria and other information about the candidate cells. This is in addition to the initial RRC configuration communications between the UE 104 and the serving cell 502 of the first communication 507.
[0086] It should be noted that L3 communications such as those discussed above are relatively complex and may introduce significant latency to a handover procedure. Accordingly, aspects of the disclosure are directed to CHO procedures having a reduced amount of L3 communications relative to the communications of FIG. 5.
[0087] Introduction to Lower Layer Triggered Mobility (LTM)
[0088] As discussed above in reference to FIG. 5, a CHO may be triggered by L3 measurements and RRC signaling (e.g., CHO command via RRC reconfiguration) . Thus, CHO requires reconfiguration of upper layers (e.g., RRC or PDCP) which leads to longer latency, larger overhead and longer interruption time. Lower layer (e.g., layer 1 (L1) and / or layer 2 (L2) ) triggered mobility (LTM) enables UE handover from a serving cell to a candidate cell based on L1 / L2 signaling, while keeping configuration of the upper layers. This may reduce latency, overhead and interruption time associated with a cell handover procedure.
[0089] FIG. 6 is a call-flow diagram illustrating an example LTM procedure 600 performed in a network including a UE 104, a serving cell 602 (e.g., base station 102 / 180 of FIG. 1; RU 440, DU 430, CU 410 of FIG. 4) having an active communication link with the UE 104, a first candidate cell 604 and a second candidate cell 606 (e.g., other base stations 102 / 180 of FIG. 1; other RUs 440, DUs 430, CUs 410 of FIG. 4) .
[0090] At a first communication 608, the serving cell 602 may provide the UE 104 with a configuration of one or multiple LTM candidate cells (e.g., first candidate cell 604 and second candidate cell 606) via an RRC (re) configuration message. In some examples, the UE may store the LTM candidate cell configuration information.
[0091] At a first process 610, the UE 104 may perform lower layer signal measurements. That is, based on the LTM configuration information, the UE 104 may receive L1 and / or L2 signals from the candidate cells and perform measurements of the signals. At a second communication 612, the UE 104 may transmit a measurement report containing the lower layer signal measurements.
[0092] At a second process 614, the serving cell 602 may determine to execute an LTM handover to a target cell (e.g., the second candidate cell 606, as illustrated) based on the measurement report. The serving cell 602 may also determine which of the candidate cells the UE 104 should perform a handover to. At a third communication 616, the serving cell 602 may transmit a handover command to the UE 104, commanding the UE 104 to perform a handover to the candidate cell determined by the serving cell 602. At a fourth communication 618, the UE 104 may perform a random-access procedure towards the second candidate cell 606 (e.g., if TA for the second candidate cell 606 is not otherwise available to the UE) .
[0093] However, it should be noted that LTM does not offer the flexibility of CHO, which allows the UE to select an optimum candidate cell from multiple candidate cells. Instead, the serving cell 602 selects a candidate cell and sends a command to the UE 104 identifying the selected candidate cell to which the UE 104 performs a handover. Thus, aspects of the disclosure are directed to LTM handovers that allow the UE to select a candidate cell from multiple candidates.
[0094] Examples of an LTM Report-Initiated Handover
[0095] LTM handovers with a UE making a determination of which cell to switch over to may be performed with limited or no serving cell control. For example, in one option, the UE may measure lower layer signaling (e.g., L1 and / or L2) from the serving cell and / or multiple candidate cells, then determine whether the measurements meet a cell switch criterion. If the criteria are met, the UE may determine to switch to the corresponding candidate cell. In another example, the UE may report the measurement results to the serving cell, and the serving cell may respond by providing the UE with an indication of which candidate cells the UE can switch to, and in some cases, a TA value associated with one or more of the candidate cells. In either example, the UE may ultimately determine which cell to execute a handover procedure with.
[0096] FIG. 7 is a call-flow diagram illustrating an example LTM beam report-based CHO procedure 700 performed in a network including a UE 104, a serving cell 702 (e.g., base station 102 / 180 of FIG. 1; RU 440, DU 430, CU 410 of FIG. 4) having an active communication link with the UE 104, a first candidate cell 704 and a second candidate cell 706 (e.g., other base stations 102 / 180 of FIG. 1; other RUs 440, DUs 430, CUs 410 of FIG. 4) . It should be noted that FIG. 7 illustrates two candidate cells for simplicity, but the LTM beam report-based CHO procedure 700 may be performed with any number of candidate cells.
[0097] At a first communication 708, the serving cell 702 may provide the UE 104 with a configuration of one or multiple LTM candidate cells (e.g., first candidate cell 704 and second candidate cell 706) via an RRC (re) configuration message. That is, the UE 104 may receive an LTM configuration from the current cell. The LTM configuration may include data such as L1 / L2 measurement information for a UE-generated beam report (e.g., what L1 / L2 signals the UE should measure, whether the UE should measure the indicated L1 / L2 signals from the current cell and / or candidate cells, what measurements and information to include in the beam-report, etc. ) . In some examples, the LTM configuration may include an indication of which candidate cell (s) the UE should measure L1 / L2 signals from and / or TA information (e.g., a TA value of each candidate cell so that the UE can synch with the cell (s) ) of candidate cells. In some examples, the LTM configuration may also include conditions or criterion for a cell switch or CHO (e.g., threshold values that may trigger a handover, such as a signal strength value (RSRP value, SINR value, etc. ) , an offset, traffic load associated with the candidate cell, signal quality associated with a candidate cell and / or serving cell, and any other suitable criteria) . In some examples, the UE may store the LTM configuration information.
[0098] At a second communication 710, the UE 104 may receive the lower layer signaling indicated by the LTM configuration (e.g., applying any TA values received from the serving cell 702) from the serving cell and / or candidate cells, as indicated in the LTM configuration. The UE 104 may measure the received lower layer signaling based on the LTM configuration. For example, the UE 104 may measure the strength and / or quality of the signals. The UE 104 may also receive information via the received L1 / L2 signaling indicative of a traffic level associated with a cell.
[0099] At an optional third communication 712, the UE 104 may perform TA measurements on the received signals to maintain coherent communication with the candidate cells. That is, the UE 104 may adjust, or update TA values associated with one or more candidate cells in order to continue receiving lower layer communications from the cells.
[0100] At a fourth communication 714, the UE 104 may generate a beam-report indicating one or more measurement values and / or other information such as offset values (e.g., delta measurements between serving cell 702 signal measurements and candidate cell signal measurements) and traffic load information about one or more candidate cells. The UE 104 may transmit the beam-report to the serving cell 702. In some examples, the report may include an indication of which candidate cells the UE 104 has received lower layer signals from and measured. For example, measurements and other information may be indexed according to their correspond cell.
[0101] At an optional fifth communication 715, the serving cell 702 may transmit signaling to the candidate cells identified in the beam report, where the signaling provides the candidate cells with an indication of a TA value associated with the UE 104. In other words, in response to the beam report, the serving cell may assist the candidate cells by providing them with a TA value so that the candidate cells may adjust their communications for future communications with the UE 104.
[0102] At a first process 716, the UE 104 may determine whether any of the measurements or other information received via the lower layer signaling meets a criterion for handover to a candidate cell. This evaluation may be based on the LTM configuration received from the serving cell 702. For example, the evaluation criteria may be included in the LTM configuration. Such an evaluation may include filtering measurement results over time. For example, the UE 104 may analyze measurements over a period of time to determine whether there are any trends (e.g., signal strength / quality of the serving cell decreasing over time triggering a handover to a candidate cell whose lower layer signaling strength / quality is increasing over time) . Such an evaluation may also or alternatively include averaging results across multiple beams per cell. Here, the UE 104 may average measurements across multiple beams over which lower layer signaling has been received from a serving cell and / or candidate cell over time. Such averaging may indicate whether signal quality / strength is increasing or decreasing. Such an evaluation may also or alternatively include comparing measurements of a candidate cell (s) with measurements of the serving cell 702. For example, if a measured signal strength of a candidate cell is greater than a measured signal strength of the serving cell 702, and the difference satisfies a threshold (e.g., a delta value is met) , then the UE 104 may determine to perform a handover with the candidate cell.
[0103] If one or more of criteria is met, the UE 104 may determine which candidate cell would be best to switch to. The evaluation of the switch may be based on one or more of the measurements over time, averaging results, and / or comparing measured signals received between the candidates and the serving cell 702. The UE 194 may evaluate the candidate cells it reported to the serving cell. Thus, the serving cell knows that the UE 104 may switch to one of the candidate cells the UE 104 reported.
[0104] At a sixth communication 720, the UE 104 may execute a handover with a candidate cell that it determines would be best to switch to. That is, the UE 104 may select a candidate cell from multiple candidate cells and perform a handover to that candidate cell. In some examples, prior to the handover, the serving cell 702 may transmit a command to the UE 104 to prevent the UE 104 from performing the handover.
[0105] Accordingly, the UE 104 may select a candidate cell from multiple candidate cells and perform a handover without the serving cell 702 deciding which candidate cell the UE 104 may switch to.
[0106] FIG. 8 is a call-flow diagram illustrating an example LTM beam report-based CHO procedure 800 performed in a network including a UE 104, a serving cell 802 (e.g., base station 102 / 180 of FIG. 1; RU 440, DU 430, CU 410 of FIG. 4) having an active communication link with the UE 104, a first candidate cell 804 and a second candidate cell 806 (e.g., other base stations 102 / 180 of FIG. 1; other RUs 440, DUs 430, CUs 410 of FIG. 4) . It should be noted that FIG. 8 illustrates two candidate cells for simplicity, but the report-based CHO procedure 800 may be performed with any number of candidate cells.
[0107] The report-based CHO procedure 800 may include communications and processes similar to those illustrated in FIG. 7. Thus, for the sake of brevity, those communications and processes will not be repeated.
[0108] After the UE 104 transmits the measurement report (e.g., at the fourth communication 714) , the serving cell 802 may respond by transmitting a sixth communication 816 that includes a CHO command to the UE 104. The CHO command may be configured to indicate one or more candidate cells to which the UE may switch if one or more criteria are met. Criteria provided in the CHO command may be used alternatively or in addition to criteria provided in the LTM configuration message. In some examples, the serving cell 802 may select the one or more candidate cells from the candidate cells identified in the beam report. In another example, the CHO command may include additional information for each of the indicated candidate cells such as a corresponding TA value to aid the UE 104 handover. In some examples, the CHO command may include one or more criteria that may be met in order for the UE 104 to perform the handover. Here, the serving cell 802 may include separate criteria for each candidate cell indicated or universal criteria for all indicated candidate cells.
[0109] At a first process 818, the UE 104 may perform a may determine whether any of the measurements or other information received via the lower layer signaling meets a criterion for handover to a candidate cell. This process may include the steps and information discussed in the first process 716 of FIG. 7 above. In this case, the UE 104 may use criteria provided by the CHO command.
[0110] At a seventh communication 820, the UE 104 may execute a handover with a candidate cell that it determines would be best to switch to. That is, the UE 104 may select a candidate cell from multiple candidate cells and perform a handover to that candidate cell. In some examples, prior to the handover, the serving cell 802 may transmit a command to the UE 104 to prevent the UE 104 from performing the handover.
[0111] FIG. 9 is a flowchart 900 of a method of wireless communication. The method may be performed by a UE (e.g., the UE 104; the apparatus 1002) . Specifically, the method may be performed by one or more processors (e.g., the one or more controller / processors 359, the Tx processor 368, the Rx processor 356, etc. of FIG. 3) .
[0112] At 902, the UE may receive, from a first cell, lower layer triggered mobility (LTM) configuration information comprising an indication of a set of candidate cells for a conditional handover procedure, the set of candidate cells comprising a second cell. For example, 902 may be performed by a receiving component 1040. Here, the UE may receive the LTM configuration as described above in reference to the first communication 708 of FIGs. 7 and 8.
[0113] At 904, the UE may receive lower layer signaling from each candidate cell of the set of candidate cells. For example, 904 may be performed by the receiving component 1040. Here, the UE may receive lower layer signaling from the first cell (e.g., serving cell) and / or one or more candidate cells, as described above in reference to the second communication 710 of FIGs. 7 and 8. In some examples, receiving the lower layer signaling may include the UE measuring and maintaining a TA for each of the candidate cells, as described in reference to the optional third communication 712 of FIGs. 7 and 8.
[0114] At 906, the UE may optionally measure the received lower layer signaling from each candidate cell using the indicated one or more measurement parameters. For example, 906 may be performed by a measuring component 1042. Here, the UE may measure the received lower layer signals using the measurements and signals indicated by the LTM configuration message of the first communication 708 of FIGs. 7 and 8.
[0115] At 908, the UE may optionally transmit, prior to performing the conditional handover procedure, a first beam report comprising an indication of lower layer signaling measurements and associated identifiers for each candidate cell of the set of candidate cells. For example, 908 may be performed by a transmitting component 1044. Here, the UE may generate and transmit a beam report indicating one or more of candidate cell identifiers, measurements configured by the LTM configuration message, and / or any other suitable information, as described above in relation to the fourth communication 714 of FIGs. 7 and 8.
[0116] At 910, the UE may receive, from the first cell after the first beam report is transmitted, a conditional handover command comprising an indication of the second cell and at least one other candidate cell of the set of candidate cells, wherein the conditional handover procedure is performed with the second cell after receiving the conditional handover command, and wherein the second cell is selected from the set of candidate cells for the conditional handover procedure based further on the conditional handover command comprising the indication of the second cell. For example, 910 may be performed by the receiving component 1040. Here, the serving cell (e.g., first cell) may transmit a command to the UE that includes candidate cell identifiers and other information about the candidate cells with which the UE may perform a handover, as described above in reference to the sixth communication 816 of FIG. 8.
[0117] At 912, the UE may perform the conditional handover procedure with the second cell, wherein the second cell is selected from the set of candidate cells for the conditional handover procedure based on the received lower layer signaling. For example, 912 may be performed by a handover component 1046. Here, the UE may initiate a handover procedure with a candidate cell as discussed above in reference to the sixth communication 720 of FIG. 7 and the seventh communication 820 of FIG. 8. The UE may select the candidate cell based on evaluated criteria in reference to the first process 716 of FIG. 7 and the first process 818 of FIG. 8.
[0118] In certain aspects, the LTM configuration information is received via radio resource control (RRC) configuration communications between the apparatus and the first cell.
[0119] In certain aspects, the LTM configuration information further comprises an indication of a timing advance (TA) associated with each candidate cell in the set of candidate cells.
[0120] In certain aspects, the lower layer signaling is received from each candidate cell based on the TA associated with each candidate cell.
[0121] In certain aspects, the LTM configuration information further comprises beam report information indicating one or more measurement parameters for measurements to be performed on the received lower layer signaling and reported to the first cell prior to performing the conditional handover procedure.
[0122] In certain aspects, the second cell is selected from the set of candidate cells for the conditional handover procedure based further on the first beam report comprising an identifier of the second cell.
[0123] In certain aspects, the second cell is selected from the set of candidate cells for the conditional handover procedure based further on one or more of: lower layer signaling measurements included in multiple beam reports including the first beam report transmitted within a window of time, an average of lower layer signaling measurements across multiple beams per candidate cell of the set of candidate cells, or a delta between lower layer signaling measurements between the first cell and the second cell.
[0124] In certain aspects, the one or more measurement parameters comprise at least one of: an identifier indicating at least one of the received lower layer signaling to measure and report in a beam report, and a type of measurement to be performed on the received lower layer signaling, wherein the type of measurement comprises one or more of a reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) measurement, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) measurement, or a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) .
[0125] In certain aspects, the LTM configuration information further comprises an indication of one or more criteria for which performance of the conditional handover procedure is conditioned.
[0126] In certain aspects, the one or more criteria comprises at least one of a threshold reference signal received power (RSRP) value, a threshold reference signal received quality (RSRQ) value, a threshold received signal strength indicator (RSSI) value, a threshold signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) value, a measured lower layer signal offset value, a threshold traffic load value, or a threshold quality of service (QoS) value.
[0127] In certain aspects, the second cell is selected from the set of candidate cells for the conditional handover procedure based further on lower layer signaling received from the second cell satisfying the one or more criteria.
[0128] In certain aspects, the conditional handover procedure with the second cell is performed independent of a handover command from the first cell.
[0129] FIG. 10 is a diagram 1000 illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an apparatus 1002. The apparatus 1002 is a UE and includes a cellular baseband processor 1004 (also referred to as a modem) coupled to a cellular RF transceiver 1022 and one or more subscriber identity modules (SIM) cards 1020, an application processor 1006 coupled to a secure digital (SD) card 1008 and a screen 1010, a Bluetooth module 1012, a wireless local area network (WLAN) module 1014, a Global Positioning System (GPS) module 1016, and a power supply 1018. The cellular baseband processor 1004 communicates through the cellular RF transceiver 1022 with the UE 104 and / or BS 102 / 180. The cellular baseband processor 1004 may include a computer-readable medium / memory. The computer-readable medium / memory may be non-transitory. The cellular baseband processor 1004 is responsible for general processing, including the execution of software stored on the computer-readable medium / memory. The software, when executed by the cellular baseband processor 1004, causes the cellular baseband processor 1004 to perform the various functions described supra. The computer-readable medium / memory may also be used for storing data that is manipulated by the cellular baseband processor 1004 when executing software. The cellular baseband processor 1004 further includes a reception component 1030, a communication manager 1032, and a transmission component 1034. The communication manager 1032 includes the one or more illustrated components. The components within the communication manager 1032 may be stored in the computer-readable medium / memory and / or configured as hardware within the cellular baseband processor 1004. The cellular baseband processor 1004 may be a component of the UE 104 and may include the memory 360 and / or at least one of the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359. In one configuration, the apparatus 1002 may be a modem chip and include just the baseband processor 1004, and in another configuration, the apparatus 1002 may be the entire UE (e.g., see UE 104 of FIG. 3) and include the aforediscussed additional modules of the apparatus 1002. In various examples, the apparatus 1002 can be a chip, SoC, chipset, package or device that may include: one or more modems (such as a Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11) modem or a cellular modem such as 3GPP 4G LTE or 5G compliant modem) ; one or more processors, processing blocks or processing elements (collectively “the processor” ) ; one or more radios (collectively “the radio” ) ; and one or more memories or memory blocks (collectively “the memory” ) .
[0130] The communication manager 1032 includes a receiving component 1040 configured to receive, from a first cell, lower layer triggered mobility (LTM) configuration information comprising an indication of a set of candidate cells for a conditional handover procedure, the set of candidate cells comprising a second cell; receive lower layer signaling from each candidate cell of the set of candidate cells; and receive, from the first cell after the first beam report is transmitted, a conditional handover command comprising an indication of the second cell and at least one other candidate cell of the set of candidate cells, wherein the conditional handover procedure is performed with the second cell after receiving the conditional handover command, and wherein the second cell is selected from the set of candidate cells for the conditional handover procedure based further on the conditional handover command comprising the indication of the second cell; e.g., as described in connection with 902, 904, and 910.
[0131] The communication manager 1032 further includes a measuring component 1042 that receives input in the form of lower layer signaling from the receiving component 1040 and is configured to measure the received lower layer signaling from each candidate cell using the indicated one or more measurement parameters, e.g., as described in connection with 906.
[0132] The communication manager 1032 further includes a transmitting component 1044 configured to transmit, prior to performing the conditional handover procedure, a first beam report comprising an indication of lower layer signaling measurements and associated identifiers for each candidate cell of the set of candidate cells, e.g., as described in connection with 908.
[0133] The communication manager 1032 further includes a handover component 1046 configured to perform the conditional handover procedure with the second cell, wherein the second cell is selected from the set of candidate cells for the conditional handover procedure based on the received lower layer signaling, e.g., as described in connection with 912.
[0134] The apparatus may include additional components that perform each of the blocks of the algorithm in the aforementioned flowchart of FIG. 9. As such, each block in the aforementioned flowchart may be performed by a component and the apparatus may include one or more of those components. The components may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to carry out the stated processes / algorithm, implemented by a processor configured to perform the stated processes / algorithm, stored within a computer-readable medium for implementation by a processor, or some combination thereof.
[0135] In one configuration, the apparatus 1002, and in particular the cellular baseband processor 1004, includes: means for receiving, from a first cell, lower layer triggered mobility (LTM) configuration information comprising an indication of a set of candidate cells for a conditional handover procedure, the set of candidate cells comprising a second cell; means for receiving lower layer signaling from each candidate cell of the set of candidate cells; means for measuring the received lower layer signaling from each candidate cell using the indicated one or more measurement parameters; means for transmitting, prior to performing the conditional handover procedure, a first beam report comprising an indication of lower layer signaling measurements and associated identifiers for each candidate cell of the set of candidate cells; means for receiving, from the first cell after the first beam report is transmitted, a conditional handover command comprising an indication of the second cell and at least one other candidate cell of the set of candidate cells, wherein the conditional handover procedure is performed with the second cell after receiving the conditional handover command, and wherein the second cell is selected from the set of candidate cells for the conditional handover procedure based further on the conditional handover command comprising the indication of the second cell; and means for perform the conditional handover procedure with the second cell, wherein the second cell is selected from the set of candidate cells for the conditional handover procedure based on the received lower layer signaling.
[0136] The aforementioned means may be one or more of the aforementioned components of the apparatus 1002 configured to perform the functions recited by the aforementioned means. As described supra, the apparatus 1002 may include the TX Processor 368, the RX Processor 356, and the controller / processor 359. As such, in one configuration, the aforementioned means may be the TX Processor 368, the RX Processor 356, and the controller / processor 359 configured to perform the functions recited by the aforementioned means.
[0137] FIG. 11 is a flowchart 1100 of a method of wireless communication. The method may be performed by a base station (e.g., the base station 102 / 180; the apparatus 1202. Specifically, the method may be performed by one or more processors (e.g., the controller / processor 375, the Tx processor 316, the Rx processor 370, etc., of FIG. 3) .
[0138] At 1102, the base station may transmit, to a user equipment (UE) , lower layer triggered mobility (LTM) configuration information comprising an indication of a set of candidate cells for a conditional handover procedure for handing over the UE from the apparatus to a second cell of the set of candidate cells. For example, 1102 may be performed by a transmitting component 1240.
[0139] At 1104, the base station may receive, from the UE, a beam report comprising an indication of each candidate cell in the set of candidate cells and one or more lower layer signaling measurements associated with each candidate cell. For example, 1104 may be performed by a receiving component 1242.
[0140] At 1106, the base station may optionally transmit, to the UE, a conditional LTM switch command comprising an indication of the set of candidate cells or a subset of candidate cells from the set of candidate cells, wherein the indicated set of or subset of candidate cells include the second cell, and wherein the indicated set of or subset of candidate cells are candidate cells from which the UE may select for the conditional handover procedure. For example, 1106 may be performed by the transmitting component 1240.
[0141] At 1108, the base station optionally receive an uplink communication transmitted from the UE to the second cell, wherein the uplink communication is part of the conditional handover procedure, and wherein the conditional handover procedure is initiated independent of a command transmitted by the apparatus. For example, 1108 may be performed by the receiving component 1242. Here, the UE may perform a handover with a candidate cell independent of any command from the base station. That is, the UE may not rely on a command or other communication from the base station to perform the handover. Thus, in this case, the base station may receive uplink signaling made by the UE and directed to the candidate cell for handover. The base station may become appraised of the handover by intercepting these communications from the UE.
[0142] At 1110, the base station may optionally transmit, to the UE, a command for the UE to cancel the conditional handover procedure. For example, 1110 may be performed by the transmitting component 1240. Here, the base station may prevent the UE from performing a handover by transmitting a command to the UE to stop a handover procedure with a candidate cell.
[0143] In certain aspects, the LTM configuration information is transmitted via radio resource control (RRC) configuration communications between the apparatus and the UE.
[0144] In certain aspects, the LTM configuration information further comprises an indication of a timing advance (TA) associated with each candidate cell in the set of candidate cells.
[0145] In certain aspects, the beam report further comprises an indication of a measurement value corresponding to a measurement performed by the UE on one or more lower layer signals transmitted by the apparatus.
[0146] In certain aspects, the LTM configuration information further comprises beam report information indicating one or more measurement parameters for measurements to be performed on the received lower layer signaling and reported to the first cell prior to performing the conditional handover procedure.
[0147] In certain aspects, the one or more measurement parameters comprise at least one of: an identifier indicating at least one of the received lower layer signaling to measure and report in a beam report, and a type of measurement to be performed on the received lower layer signaling, wherein the type of measurement comprises one or more of a reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) measurement, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) measurement, or a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) .
[0148] In certain aspects, the LTM configuration information further comprises an indication of one or more criteria for which UE-performance of the conditional handover procedure is conditioned.
[0149] In certain aspects, the one or more criteria comprises at least one of a threshold reference signal received power (RSRP) value, a threshold reference signal received quality (RSRQ) value, a threshold received signal strength indicator (RSSI) value, a threshold signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) value, a measured lower layer signal offset value, a threshold traffic load value, or a threshold quality of service (QoS) value.
[0150] FIG. 12 is a diagram 1200 illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an apparatus 1202. The apparatus 1202 is a BS and includes a baseband unit 1204. The baseband unit 1204 may communicate through a cellular RF transceiver with the UE 104. The baseband unit 1204 may include a computer-readable medium / memory. The baseband unit 1204 is responsible for general processing, including the execution of software stored on the computer-readable medium / memory. The software, when executed by the baseband unit 1204, causes the baseband unit 1204 to perform the various functions described supra. The computer-readable medium / memory may also be used for storing data that is manipulated by the baseband unit 1204 when executing software. The baseband unit 1204 further includes a reception component 1230, a communication manager 1232, and a transmission component 1234. The communication manager 1232 includes the one or more illustrated components. The components within the communication manager 1232 may be stored in the computer-readable medium / memory and / or configured as hardware within the baseband unit 1204. The baseband unit 1204 may be a component of the BS 102 / 180 and may include the memory 376 and / or at least one of the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and the controller / processor 375. In various examples, the apparatus 1202 can be a chip, SoC, chipset, package or device that may include: one or more modems (such as a Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11) modem or a cellular modem such as 3GPP 4G LTE or 5G compliant modem) ; one or more processors, processing blocks or processing elements (collectively “the processor” ) ; one or more radios (collectively “the radio” ) ; and one or more memories or memory blocks (collectively “the memory” ) .
[0151] The communication manager 1232 includes a transmitting component 1240 configured to transmit, to a user equipment (UE) , lower layer triggered mobility (LTM) configuration information comprising an indication of a set of candidate cells for a conditional handover procedure for handing over the UE from the apparatus to a second cell of the set of candidate cells; transmit, to the UE, a conditional LTM switch command comprising an indication of the set of candidate cells or a subset of candidate cells from the set of candidate cells, wherein the indicated set of or subset of candidate cells include the second cell, and wherein the indicated set of or subset of candidate cells are candidate cells from which the UE may select for the conditional handover procedure; and transmit, to the UE, a command for the UE to cancel the conditional handover procedure; e.g., as described in connection with 1102, 1106, and 1110.
[0152] The communication manager 1232 further includes a receiving component 1242 configured to receive, from the UE, a beam report comprising an indication of each candidate cell in the set of candidate cells and one or more lower layer signaling measurements associated with each candidate cell; and receive an uplink communication transmitted from the UE to the second cell, wherein the uplink communication is part of the conditional handover procedure, and wherein the conditional handover procedure is initiated independent of a command transmitted by the apparatus; e.g., as described in connection with 1104 and 1108.
[0153] The apparatus may include additional components that perform each of the blocks of the algorithm in the aforementioned flowchart of FIG. 11. As such, each block in the aforementioned flowchart may be performed by a component and the apparatus may include one or more of those components. The components may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to carry out the stated processes / algorithm, implemented by a processor configured to perform the stated processes / algorithm, stored within a computer-readable medium for implementation by a processor, or some combination thereof.
[0154] In one configuration, the apparatus 1202, and in particular the baseband unit 1204, includes means for transmitting, to a user equipment (UE) , lower layer triggered mobility (LTM) configuration information comprising an indication of a set of candidate cells for a conditional handover procedure for handing over the UE from the apparatus to a second cell of the set of candidate cells; means for receiving, from the UE, a beam report comprising an indication of each candidate cell in the set of candidate cells and one or more lower layer signaling measurements associated with each candidate cell; means for transmitting, to the UE, a conditional LTM switch command comprising an indication of the set of candidate cells or a subset of candidate cells from the set of candidate cells, wherein the indicated set of or subset of candidate cells include the second cell, and wherein the indicated set of or subset of candidate cells are candidate cells from which the UE may select for the conditional handover procedure; means for receiving an uplink communication transmitted from the UE to the second cell, wherein the uplink communication is part of the conditional handover procedure, and wherein the conditional handover procedure is initiated independent of a command transmitted by the apparatus; and means for transmitting, to the UE, a command for the UE to cancel the conditional handover procedure.
[0155] The aforementioned means may be one or more of the aforementioned components of the apparatus 1202 configured to perform the functions recited by the aforementioned means. As described supra, the apparatus 1202 may include the TX Processor 316, the RX Processor 370, and the controller / processor 375. As such, in one configuration, the aforementioned means may be the TX Processor 316, the RX Processor 370, and the controller / processor 375 configured to perform the functions recited by the aforementioned means.
[0156] Additional Considerations
[0157] As used herein, the terms “identifying” and / or “determining” (or any variants thereof such as “identify” and determine” ) encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, “identifying” and / or “determining” may include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (e.g., looking up in a table, a database or another data structure) , ascertaining and the like. Also, “identifying” and / or “determining” may include receiving (e.g., receiving information) , accessing (e.g., accessing data in a memory) and the like. Also, “identifying” and / or “determining” may include resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing and the like.
[0158] As used herein, a processor, at least one processor, and / or one or more processors, individually or in combination, configured to perform or operable for performing a plurality of actions is meant to include at least two different processors able to perform different, overlapping or non-overlapping subsets of the plurality actions, or a single processor able to perform all of the plurality of actions. In one non-limiting example of multiple processors being able to perform different ones of the plurality of actions in combination, a description of a processor, at least one processor, and / or one or more processors configured or operable to perform actions X, Y, and Z may include at least a first processor configured or operable to perform a first subset of X, Y, and Z (e.g., to perform X) and at least a second processor configured or operable to perform a second subset of X, Y, and Z (e.g., to perform Y and Z) . Alternatively, a first processor, a second processor, and a third processor may be respectively configured or operable to perform a respective one of actions X, Y, and Z. It should be understood that any combination of one or more processors each may be configured or operable to perform any one or any combination of a plurality of actions.
[0159] As used herein, a memory, at least one memory, and / or one or more memories, individually or in combination, configured to store or having stored thereon instructions executable by one or more processors for performing a plurality of actions is meant to include at least two different memories able to store different, overlapping or non-overlapping subsets of the instructions for performing different, overlapping or non-overlapping subsets of the plurality actions, or a single memory able to store the instructions for performing all of the plurality of actions. In one non-limiting example of one or more memories, individually or in combination, being able to store different subsets of the instructions for performing different ones of the plurality of actions, a description of a memory, at least one memory, and / or one or more memories configured or operable to store or having stored thereon instructions for performing actions X, Y, and Z may include at least a first memory configured or operable to store or having stored thereon a first subset of instructions for performing a first subset of X, Y, and Z (e.g., instructions to perform X) and at least a second memory configured or operable to store or having stored thereon a second subset of instructions for performing a second subset of X, Y, and Z (e.g., instructions to perform Y and Z) . Alternatively, a first memory, and second memory, and a third memory may be respectively configured to store or have stored thereon a respective one of a first subset of instructions for performing X, a second subset of instruction for performing Y, and a third subset of instructions for performing Z. It should be understood that any combination of one or more memories each may be configured or operable to store or have stored thereon any one or any combination of instructions executable by one or more processors to perform any one or any combination of a plurality of actions. Moreover, one or more processors may each be coupled to at least one of the one or more memories and configured or operable to execute the instructions to perform the plurality of actions. For instance, in the above non-limiting example of the different subset of instructions for performing actions X, Y, and Z, a first processor may be coupled to a first memory storing instructions for performing action X, and at least a second processor may be coupled to at least a second memory storing instructions for performing actions Y and Z, and the first processor and the second processor may, in combination, execute the respective subset of instructions to accomplish performing actions X, Y, and Z. Alternatively, three processors may access one of three different memories each storing one of instructions for performing X, Y, or Z, and the three processor may in combination execute the respective subset of instruction to accomplish performing actions X, Y, and Z. Alternatively, a single processor may execute the instructions stored on a single memory, or distributed across multiple memories, to accomplish performing actions X, Y, and Z.
[0160] It is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of blocks in the processes / flowcharts disclosed is an illustration of example approaches. Based upon design preferences, it is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of blocks in the processes / flowcharts may be rearranged. Further, some blocks may be combined or omitted. The accompanying method claims present elements of the various blocks in a sample order, and are not meant to be limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented.
[0161] The previous description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Thus, the claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but is to be accorded the full scope consistent with the language claims, wherein reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean “one and only one” unless specifically so stated, but rather “one or more. ” Terms such as “if, ” “when, ” and “while” should be interpreted to mean “under the condition that” rather than imply an immediate temporal relationship or reaction. That is, these phrases, e.g., “when, ” do not imply an immediate action in response to or during the occurrence of an action, but simply imply that if a condition is met then an action will occur, but without requiring a specific or immediate time constraint for the action to occur. The word “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration. ” Any aspect described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects. Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “some” refers to one or more. Combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C, ” “one or more of A, B, or C, ” “at least one of A, B, and C, ” “one or more of A, B, and C, ” and “A, B, C, or any combination thereof” include any combination of A, B, and / or C, and may include multiples of A, multiples of B, or multiples of C. Specifically, combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C, ” “one or more of A, B, or C, ” “at least one of A, B, and C, ” “one or more of A, B, and C, ” and “A, B, C, or any combination thereof” may be A only, B only, C only, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C, where any such combinations may contain one or more member or members of A, B, or C. All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure that are known or later come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be encompassed by the claims. Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited in the claims. The words “module, ” “mechanism, ” “element, ” “device, ” and the like may not be a substitute for the word “means. ” As such, no claim element is to be construed as a means plus function unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase “means for. ”
[0162] Example Aspects
[0163] The following examples are illustrative only and may be combined with aspects of other embodiments or teachings described herein, without limitation.
[0164] Example 1 is a method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) , comprising: receiving, from a first cell, lower layer triggered mobility (LTM) configuration information comprising an indication of a set of candidate cells for a conditional handover procedure, the set of candidate cells comprising a second cell; receiving lower layer signaling from each candidate cell of the set of candidate cells; and performing the conditional handover procedure with the second cell, wherein the second cell is selected from the set of candidate cells for the conditional handover procedure based on the received lower layer signaling.
[0165] Example 2 is the method of example 1, wherein the LTM configuration information is received via radio resource control (RRC) configuration communications between the UE and the first cell.
[0166] Example 3 is the method of any of examples 1 and 2, wherein the LTM configuration information further comprises an indication of a timing advance (TA) associated with each candidate cell in the set of candidate cells.
[0167] Example 4 is the method of example 3, wherein the lower layer signaling is received from each candidate cell based on the TA associated with each candidate cell.
[0168] Example 5 is the method of any of examples 1-4, wherein the LTM configuration information further comprises beam report information indicating one or more measurement parameters for measurements to be performed on the received lower layer signaling and reported to the first cell prior to performing the conditional handover procedure.
[0169] Example 6 is the method of example 5, further comprising: measuring the received lower layer signaling from each candidate cell using the indicated one or more measurement parameters; and transmitting, prior to performing the conditional handover procedure, a first beam report comprising an indication of lower layer signaling measurements and associated identifiers for each candidate cell of the set of candidate cells.
[0170] Example 7 is the method of example 6, wherein the second cell is selected from the set of candidate cells for the conditional handover procedure based further on the first beam report comprising an identifier of the second cell.
[0171] Example 8 is the method of any of examples 6 and 7, wherein the second cell is selected from the set of candidate cells for the conditional handover procedure based further on one or more of: lower layer signaling measurements included in multiple beam reports including the first beam report transmitted within a window of time, an average of lower layer signaling measurements across multiple beams per candidate cell of the set of candidate cells, or a delta between lower layer signaling measurements between the first cell and the second cell.
[0172] Example 9 is the method of any of examples 6-8, further comprising: receiving, from the first cell after the first beam report is transmitted, a conditional handover command comprising an indication of the second cell and at least one other candidate cell of the set of candidate cells, wherein the conditional handover procedure is performed with the second cell after receiving the conditional handover command, and wherein the second cell is selected from the set of candidate cells for the conditional handover procedure based further on the conditional handover command comprising the indication of the second cell.
[0173] Example 10 is the method of example 5, wherein the one or more measurement parameters comprise at least one of: an identifier indicating at least one of the received lower layer signaling to measure and report in a beam report, and a type of measurement to be performed on the received lower layer signaling, wherein the type of measurement comprises one or more of a reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) measurement, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) measurement, or a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) .
[0174] Example 11 is the method of any of examples 1-10, wherein the LTM configuration information further comprises an indication of one or more criteria for which performance of the conditional handover procedure is conditioned.
[0175] Example 12 is the method of example 11, wherein the one or more criteria comprises at least one of a threshold reference signal received power (RSRP) value, a threshold reference signal received quality (RSRQ) value, a threshold received signal strength indicator (RSSI) value, a threshold signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) value, a measured lower layer signal offset value, a threshold traffic load value, or a threshold quality of service (QoS) value.
[0176] Example 13 is the method of any of examples 11 and 12, wherein the second cell is selected from the set of candidate cells for the conditional handover procedure based further on lower layer signaling received from the second cell satisfying the one or more criteria.
[0177] Example 14 is the method of any of examples 1-13, wherein the conditional handover procedure with the second cell is performed independent of a handover command from the first cell.
[0178] Example 15 is a method for wireless communication at a serving cell, comprising: transmitting, to a user equipment (UE) , lower layer triggered mobility (LTM) configuration information comprising an indication of a set of candidate cells for a conditional handover procedure for handing over the UE from the serving cell to a second cell of the set of candidate cells; and receiving, from the UE, a beam report comprising an indication of each candidate cell in the set of candidate cells and one or more lower layer signaling measurements associated with each candidate cell.
[0179] Example 16 is the method of example 15, further comprising: receiving an uplink communication transmitted from the UE to the second cell, wherein the uplink communication is part of the conditional handover procedure, and wherein the conditional handover procedure is initiated independent of a command transmitted by the serving cell.
[0180] Example 17 is the method of any of examples 15 and 16, further comprising: transmitting, to the UE, a conditional LTM switch command comprising an indication of the set of candidate cells or a subset of candidate cells from the set of candidate cells, wherein the indicated set of or subset of candidate cells include the second cell, and wherein the indicated set of or subset of candidate cells are candidate cells from which the UE may select for the conditional handover procedure.
[0181] Example 18 is the method of any of examples 15-17, further comprising: transmitting, to the UE, a command for the UE to cancel the conditional handover procedure.
[0182] Example 19 is the method of any of examples 15-18, wherein the LTM configuration information is transmitted via radio resource control (RRC) configuration communications between the serving cell and the UE.
[0183] Example 20 is the method of any of examples 15-19, wherein the LTM configuration information further comprises an indication of a timing advance (TA) associated with each candidate cell in the set of candidate cells.
[0184] Example 21 is the method of any of examples 15-20, wherein the beam report further comprises an indication of a measurement value corresponding to a measurement performed by the UE on one or more lower layer signals transmitted by the serving cell.
[0185] Example 22 is the method of any of examples 15-21, wherein the LTM configuration information further comprises beam report information indicating one or more measurement parameters for measurements to be performed on the received lower layer signaling and reported to the serving cell prior to performing the conditional handover procedure.
[0186] Example 23 is the method of example 21, wherein the one or more measurement parameters comprise at least one of: an identifier indicating at least one of the received lower layer signaling to measure and report in a beam report, and a type of measurement to be performed on the received lower layer signaling, wherein the type of measurement comprises one or more of a reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) measurement, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) measurement, or a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) .
[0187] Example 24 is the method of any of examples 15-23, wherein the LTM configuration information further comprises an indication of one or more criteria for which UE-performance of the conditional handover procedure is conditioned.
[0188] Example 25 is the method of example 24, wherein the one or more criteria comprises at least one of a threshold reference signal received power (RSRP) value, a threshold reference signal received quality (RSRQ) value, a threshold received signal strength indicator (RSSI) value, a threshold signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) value, a measured lower layer signal offset value, a threshold traffic load value, or a threshold quality of service (QoS) value.
[0189] Example 26 is a user equipment (UE) comprising: one or more memories, individually or in combination, having instructions; and one or more processors, individually or in combination, configured to execute the instructions and cause the apparatus to perform the method of any of examples 1-14.
[0190] Example 27 is a user equipment (UE) comprising: one or more means for performing the method of any of examples 1-14.
[0191] Example 28 is a non-transitory, computer-readable medium comprising computer executable code, the code when executed by one or more processors causes the one or more processors to, individually or in combination, perform the method of any of examples 1-14 for wireless communication by a user equipment (UE) .
[0192] Example 29 is a serving cell comprising: one or more memories, individually or in combination, having instructions; and one or more processors, individually or in combination, configured to execute the instructions and cause the apparatus to perform the method of any of examples 15-25.
[0193] Example 30 is a serving cell comprising: one or more means for performing the method of any of examples 15-25.
[0194] Example 31 is a non-transitory, computer-readable medium comprising computer executable code, the code when executed by one or more processors causes the one or more processors to, individually or in combination, perform the method of any of examples 15-25 for wireless communication by a serving cell.
Claims
1.An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:one or more memories, individually or in combination, having instructions; andone or more processors, individually or in combination, configured to execute the instructions and cause the apparatus to:receive, from a first cell, lower layer triggered mobility (LTM) configuration information comprising an indication of a set of candidate cells for a conditional handover procedure, the set of candidate cells comprising a second cell;receive lower layer signaling from each candidate cell of the set of candidate cells; andperform the conditional handover procedure with the second cell, wherein the second cell is selected from the set of candidate cells for the conditional handover procedure based on the received lower layer signaling.2.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the LTM configuration information is received via radio resource control (RRC) configuration communications between the apparatus and the first cell.3.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the LTM configuration information further comprises an indication of a timing advance (TA) associated with each candidate cell in the set of candidate cells.4.The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the lower layer signaling is received from each candidate cell based on the TA associated with each candidate cell.5.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the LTM configuration information further comprises beam report information indicating one or more measurement parameters for measurements to be performed on the received lower layer signaling and reported to the first cell prior to performing the conditional handover procedure.6.The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the one or more processors, individually or in combination, are further configured to cause the apparatus to:measure the received lower layer signaling from each candidate cell using the indicated one or more measurement parameters; andtransmit, prior to performing the conditional handover procedure, a first beam report comprising an indication of lower layer signaling measurements and associated identifiers for each candidate cell of the set of candidate cells.7.The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the second cell is selected from the set of candidate cells for the conditional handover procedure based further on the first beam report comprising an identifier of the second cell.8.The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the second cell is selected from the set of candidate cells for the conditional handover procedure based further on one or more of: lower layer signaling measurements included in multiple beam reports including the first beam report transmitted within a window of time, an average of lower layer signaling measurements across multiple beams per candidate cell of the set of candidate cells, or a delta between lower layer signaling measurements between the first cell and the second cell.9.The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the one or more processors, individually or in combination, are further configured to cause the apparatus to:receive, from the first cell after the first beam report is transmitted, a conditional handover command comprising an indication of the second cell and at least one other candidate cell of the set of candidate cells, wherein the conditional handover procedure is performed with the second cell after receiving the conditional handover command, and wherein the second cell is selected from the set of candidate cells for the conditional handover procedure based further on the conditional handover command comprising the indication of the second cell.10.The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the one or more measurement parameters comprise at least one of: an identifier indicating at least one of the received lower layer signaling to measure and report in a beam report, and a type of measurement to be performed on the received lower layer signaling, wherein the type of measurement comprises one or more of a reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) measurement, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) measurement, or a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) .11.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the LTM configuration information further comprises an indication of one or more criteria for which performance of the conditional handover procedure is conditioned.12.The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the one or more criteria comprises at least one of a threshold reference signal received power (RSRP) value, a threshold reference signal received quality (RSRQ) value, a threshold received signal strength indicator (RSSI) value, a threshold signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) value, a measured lower layer signal offset value, a threshold traffic load value, or a threshold quality of service (QoS) value.13.The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the second cell is selected from the set of candidate cells for the conditional handover procedure based further on lower layer signaling received from the second cell satisfying the one or more criteria.14.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the conditional handover procedure with the second cell is performed independent of a handover command from the first cell.15.An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:one or more memories, individually or in combination, having instructions; andone or more processors, individually or in combination, configured to execute the instructions and cause the apparatus to:transmit, to a user equipment (UE) , lower layer triggered mobility (LTM) configuration information comprising an indication of a set of candidate cells for a conditional handover procedure for handing over the UE from the apparatus to a second cell of the set of candidate cells; andreceive, from the UE, a beam report comprising an indication of each candidate cell in the set of candidate cells and one or more lower layer signaling measurements associated with each candidate cell.16.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the one or more processors, individually or in combination, are further configured to cause the apparatus to:receive an uplink communication transmitted from the UE to the second cell, wherein the uplink communication is part of the conditional handover procedure, and wherein the conditional handover procedure is initiated independent of a command transmitted by the apparatus.17.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the one or more processors, individually or in combination, are further configured to cause the apparatus to:transmit, to the UE, a conditional LTM switch command comprising an indication of the set of candidate cells or a subset of candidate cells from the set of candidate cells, wherein the indicated set of or subset of candidate cells include the second cell, and wherein the indicated set of or subset of candidate cells are candidate cells from which the UE may select for the conditional handover procedure.18.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the one or more processors, individually or in combination, are further configured to cause the apparatus to:transmit, to the UE, a command for the UE to cancel the conditional handover procedure.19.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the LTM configuration information is transmitted via radio resource control (RRC) configuration communications between the apparatus and the UE.20.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the LTM configuration information further comprises an indication of a timing advance (TA) associated with each candidate cell in the set of candidate cells.21.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the beam report further comprises an indication of a measurement value corresponding to a measurement performed by the UE on one or more lower layer signals transmitted by the apparatus.22.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the LTM configuration information further comprises beam report information indicating one or more measurement parameters for measurements to be performed on the received lower layer signaling and reported to the apparatus prior to performing the conditional handover procedure.23.The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the one or more measurement parameters comprise at least one of: an identifier indicating at least one of the received lower layer signaling to measure and report in a beam report, and a type of measurement to be performed on the received lower layer signaling, wherein the type of measurement comprises one or more of a reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) measurement, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) measurement, or a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) .24.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the LTM configuration information further comprises an indication of one or more criteria for which UE-performance of the conditional handover procedure is conditioned.25.The apparatus of claim 24, wherein the one or more criteria comprises at least one of a threshold reference signal received power (RSRP) value, a threshold reference signal received quality (RSRQ) value, a threshold received signal strength indicator (RSSI) value, a threshold signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) value, a measured lower layer signal offset value, a threshold traffic load value, or a threshold quality of service (QoS) value.26.A method of wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) , comprising:receiving, from a first cell, lower layer triggered mobility (LTM) configuration information comprising an indication of a set of candidate cells for a conditional handover procedure, the set of candidate cells comprising a second cell;receiving lower layer signaling from each candidate cell of the set of candidate cells; andperforming the conditional handover procedure with the second cell, wherein the second cell is selected from the set of candidate cells for the conditional handover procedure based on the received lower layer signaling.27.The method of claim 26, wherein the LTM configuration information is received via radio resource control (RRC) configuration communications between the UE and the first cell.28.The method of claim 26, wherein the LTM configuration information further comprises an indication of a timing advance (TA) associated with each candidate cell in the set of candidate cells.29.A method of wireless communication at a serving cell, comprising:transmitting, to a user equipment (UE) , lower layer triggered mobility (LTM) configuration information comprising an indication of a set of candidate cells for a conditional handover procedure for handing over the UE from the serving cell to a second cell of the set of candidate cells; andreceiving, from the UE, a beam report comprising an indication of each candidate cell in the set of candidate cells and one or more lower layer signaling measurements associated with each candidate cell.30.The method of claim 29, further comprising:receiving an uplink communication transmitted from the UE to the second cell, wherein the uplink communication is part of the conditional handover procedure, and wherein the conditional handover procedure is initiated independent of a command transmitted by the serving cell.
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