Building block such as a brick, intended for the construction industry and allowing fast building of walls

Abstract

The invention relates to a brick (10, 20, 30, 40) comprising six faces, including an upper face (101), a lower face (103), two end faces (104) and two side faces (102). The lower face (103) and the upper face (101) comprise complementary assembly means of the type having a male element (2) and a female element (1), which allow the brick to be assembled with other similar bricks in the vertical direction. The brick (10, 20, 30, 40) comprises at least one securing channel (4) located on at least one end face (104), a first end of which opens onto the top face (101) of the brick, the securing channel (4) forming a main securing duct (14) when two bricks are stacked and placed next to each other. According to the main features of the invention, the securing channel (4) comprises a second end that does not open onto the bottom face of the brick, so that the securing channel extends over a portion of the height of the brick, the securing channel communicating with at least one secondary securing duct (8) which extends from the securing channel (4) on the inside of the brick to a bottom wall (18), the securing ducts (8) each forming a cavity inside a single brick. The invention also relates to a method for forming a built structure using bricks (10, 30, 40) according to the invention.

Description

A building block such as a brick, intended for the construction industry and allowing the rapid construction of walls

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of block-shaped construction elements for the construction of buildings and more specifically for the construction of walls and relates in particular to a building block such as a brick, intended for the field of construction and allowing the rapid construction of walls. State of the art

[0002] The construction industry primarily uses bricks to build buildings for all types of purposes. Although bricks have been used by humans for thousands of years, they remain one of the basic building blocks.

[0003] Brick has changed little over the centuries, made from terracotta, raw earth or cement (concrete block), brick has been little affected by the technological upheavals we are going through.

[0004] Today's skilled masons continue to use the same techniques used by masons of the past for wall construction. A first course of bricks is laid on a bed of mortar on a foundation, then mortar is applied to the bricks with a trowel, after which a second course of bricks is laid and pressed into the mortar, and mortar is added between the adjoining bricks. Any mortar that overflows from the joints is then removed. To achieve reliable results, this long-established and widespread technique requires a high level of masonry skill that can only be acquired through experience and know-how.

[0005] There are bricks such as those described in document JP2002317512A, which fit together without cement and are held together by mechanical and metallic elements inserted inside.

[0006] Other types of bricks have emerged, notably so-called self-locking bricks made from terracotta or raw earth which are stacked using two portions of male and female cylinders.

[0007] There are also bricks designed to be stacked dry, by juxtaposing their male-female type joining means. These bricks are joined together once the wall is erected by injecting a mortar grout from the top of the wall into vertical conduits which communicate with a horizontal cavity formed between the rows of bricks. The disadvantage of these bricks lies in the fact that there is uncertainty about the complete filling of the conduits during the injection of the mortar and about the solidity of the resulting wall.

[0008] Similarly, the brick described in document BE 547530 comprises male and female elements that fit together when at least two bricks are juxtaposed one on top of the other and includes hollow cells on its underside. The juxtaposition of two adjoining bricks described in this document allows the formation of vertical conduits. Horizontal conduits are also formed in the space between two rows of bricks created by the cell of the top brick. Mortar can be injected into the vertical conduits and laid on the horizontal spaces but this also has the disadvantage of uncertainty about the quantity of mortar to be injected, the conduits not being designed to be completely filled. In addition, the bricks described in this document are stacked vertically without offset from one row to the next, which has the disadvantage of forming aligned vertical joints.

[0009] This is why the aim of the invention is to overcome these drawbacks by providing a brick allowing the reliable and rapid construction of a structure or wall with the right amount of mortar introduced, guaranteeing the solidity of the wall while saving time and materials.

[0010] The subject of the invention is a brick comprising six faces including an upper face, a lower face, two end faces and two side faces, the lower and upper faces comprising complementary assembly means of the male element and female element type which allow the brick to be assembled in the vertical direction with other similar bricks, the brick comprising at least one joining channel located on at least one end face and a first end of which opens onto the upper face of the brick, the joining channel giving rise to a main joining conduit when two bricks are juxtaposed and adjoining.According to the main characteristics of the invention, the securing channel comprises a second end which does not open onto the lower face of the brick so that the securing channel extends over part of the height of the brick, the securing channel communicating with at least one secondary securing conduit which extends from the securing channel inside the brick to a bottom wall, the securing conduits each forming a cavity inside a single brick.

[0011] According to advantageous but optional features of the invention, taken in isolation or in any technically admissible combination:The at least one securing channel is vertical and has a semi-circular cross-section and the second end of the at least one securing channel has the shape of a half-disc, and the securing conduits are horizontal and have a circular cross-section.An air exhaust conduit connects the end of said secondary securing conduit to the upper face of the brick. This air exhaust conduit makes it possible to evacuate the air more quickly from the securing conduits when they are filled.The at least one joining channel communicates with a second secondary joining duct located under the first secondary joining channel, the second secondary joining duct extends from the joining channel inside the brick to a back wall, another vertical air exhaust duct connecting the two joining ducts located one above the other. The female element of the complementary assembly means is a cavity in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped with a square base located on the upper face of the brick and the edges of which are parallel to the edges of the brick, the cavity being symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal and vertical plane of symmetry passing through the middle of the brick.The male element of the complementary assembly means is located on the underside of the brick and fits into a rectangular parallelepiped with a square base whose edges are parallel to the edges of the brick, the male element being symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal and vertical plane of symmetry passing through the middle of the brick. The male element comprises at least one projection which fits into a rectangular parallelepiped with a square base whose side length is less than 2.8 to 5.7% of the side length of the square base of the cavity. The male element comprises a secondary projection in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped with a square base centered on the projection, the projection surrounding the secondary projection, the projection comprising notches on its periphery on at least two of its sides. The total height of the male element is less than the depth of the cavity of the female element by at least 1 cm.Each end face comprises a first vertical channel of semi-circular cross-section which extends over the entire height of the brick, the vertical channel giving rise to a vertical conduit when two bricks are juxtaposed and adjoining. A first central conduit passes through the brick over its entire height, the axis of symmetry of the central conduit being in the vertical and transverse plane of symmetry passing through the middle of the brick and in the same longitudinal vertical plane as the first vertical channel and the first central conduit is equidistant from the first vertical channel (7). At least one horizontal lightening conduit passes through the brick over its entire length and is located in the same vertical plane as the secondary securing conduits.A set of horizontal conduits communicates with the first vertical channel located on each end face, the set of horizontal conduits being in the same longitudinal vertical plane as the first vertical channel of each end face, the horizontal conduits being located at a distance D from the wall of one of the side faces, D being between 10 mm and 20 mm. The horizontal conduits (12) communicate with the first central channel (6) so as to be able to serve as conduits for installing cables or tubes (32). A second set of horizontal conduits communicates with a second vertical channel located on each end face, the second set being in the same longitudinal vertical plane as the second vertical channel of each end face, the horizontal conduits being located at a distance D from the wall of one of the side faces, D being between 10 mm and 20 mm.The horizontal conduits (16) communicate with the second central channel (6) so that they can be used as conduits for installing cables or tubes (32).

[0012] A second subject of the invention is a method for forming a masonry structure based on bricks comprising six faces including an upper face, a lower face, two end faces and two side faces, said lower and upper faces comprising complementary assembly means of the male element and female element type, the brick comprising at least one vertical securing channel located on at least one end face and a first end of which opens onto the upper face of the brick, and a second end which does not open onto the lower face of the brick so that the securing channel extends over part of the height of the brick, the securing channel communicating with two secondary securing conduits (8) which extend from the securing channel inside the brick to a bottom wall,the connecting conduits each forming a cavity inside a single brick giving rise to a main connecting conduit. The method comprising the following steps:Assembling similar bricks so as to place them on a bed of mortar on their lower face and so that two end faces of two adjoining bricks are in contact, to form a first row of bricks,Laying mortar in the visible female cavities of the upper faces of the bricks without filling them completely,Pouring mortar into the visible main connecting conduits, formed by the juxtaposition of two connecting channels when two bricks are juxtaposed and adjoining, until the mortar is flush with the upper faces of the bricks,the quantity of poured mortar corresponding to the volume of the main connecting conduit and the volume of the secondary connecting conduits which extend the main connecting conduit,Lay another row of similar bricks on the upper face of the bricks in the row immediately below so that each brick is laid astride two bricks,Repeat steps b) and c) to connect the bricks together,Repeat steps d) and e) as many times as necessary to form the desired masonry structure., Brief description of the figures

[0013] represents a perspective view from above of the brick according to one of the embodiments of the invention,

[0014] represents a perspective view from below of the brick according to one of the embodiments of the invention,

[0015] represents a top view of the brick according to one of the embodiments of the invention,

[0016] represents a bottom view of the brick according to one of the embodiments of the invention,

[0017] represents a top view of two adjoining and assembled bricks, according to one of the embodiments of the invention,

[0018] represents a sectional view along plane CC of two adjoining and assembled bricks, according to one of the embodiments of the invention,

[0019] represents a sectional view along the transverse plane AA of a brick according to one of the embodiments of the invention,

[0020] represents a sectional view along the transverse plane BB of a brick according to one of the embodiments of the invention,

[0021] represents a side view of the brick according to an end face according to one of the embodiments of the invention,

[0022] represents a sectional view along the longitudinal plane DD of the,

[0023] represents a sectional view along the longitudinal plane EE of the,

[0024] represents a sectional view along the longitudinal plane FF of the,

[0025] represents a perspective view of two assembled bricks and a third brick being assembled,

[0026] represents a perspective view of a construction made from bricks according to one of the embodiments of the invention,

[0027] represents a sectional and perspective view of two bricks according to one of the embodiments of the invention and of the joining block formed between two adjoining bricks,

[0028] represents a sectional and perspective view of the securing block according to all embodiments of the invention,

[0029] represents a sectional view along a vertical plane and from the front of a wall constructed with bricks according to one of the embodiments of the invention and the possible path for the passage of a tube or a cable,

[0030] represents a perspective view of a first variant embodiment of the brick according to the invention,

[0031] represents a perspective view of a second variant embodiment of the brick according to the invention,

[0032] represents a perspective view of a third variant embodiment of the brick according to the invention. Detailed description of the invention

[0033] The orientation of the figures representing views is identified using an orthogonal coordinate system comprising the X, Y and Z axes. As used in the following description, the terms "vertical", "top", "bottom", "height", "lower" and "upper" are understood relative to the Z axis, the term "length" is understood relative to the Y axis and the term "width" is understood relative to the X axis.

[0034] Unless otherwise indicated, the drawings are intended to be read (e.g., hatching, arrangement of parts, proportion, degree, etc.) with the specification, and are to be considered as a part of the entire written description of this invention.

[0035] As can be seen in Figures 1 and 2, the building block 10 according to the invention is a brick that fits into a parallelepiped shape. All of these bricks can be used in construction-related applications, for example, for building walls. The characteristics of the bricks cited in the description apply to all bricks 10, 20, 30 and 40 unless otherwise indicated. Similarly, the characteristics described with reference to the figures of brick 10 apply to the other bricks unless otherwise mentioned. Some of the characteristics specific to bricks 20, 30 and 40 are described at the end of the description.

[0036] The common features of the different bricks are described below. Among these bricks, only 10 and 20 bricks can be assembled together and are considered similar, while 30 bricks can only be assembled with other 30 bricks, and 40 bricks can only be assembled with other 40 bricks.

[0037] Each brick 10, 20, 30 and 40 comprises six faces, an upper face 101 and a lower face 103 adapted to be bearing or support faces of adjacent bricks in the vertical direction, two end faces 104 and two side faces 102. The two end faces 104 identical by symmetry are adapted to cooperate with similar adjoining bricks and the two identical and flat side faces 102 are adapted to form the flat wall of a construction or a wall. In the orthogonal XYZ coordinate system, the upper faces 101 and lower faces 103 are located in planes parallel to the XY plane, the end faces 104 are located in planes parallel to the XZ plane and the side faces 102 are located in planes parallel to the YZ plane.

[0038] For example, the dimensions of brick 10 are 260 mm in length (along the Y axis), 130 mm in width (along the X axis) and 160 mm in height (along the Z axis).

[0039] Each brick 10, 20, 30 and 40 comprises complementary male-female type assembly means which allow the brick to be assembled in the vertical direction with other similar bricks. The female element of the complementary assembly means is a cavity 1 in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped with a square base located on the upper face 101 of the brick and whose edges are parallel to the edges of the brick. The male element 2 of the complementary assembly means is located on the lower face 103 of the brick and is inscribed in a rectangular parallelepiped with a square base whose edges are parallel to the edges of the brick.

[0040] Cavity 1, the bottom of which is flat and square in shape, and the rectangular parallelepiped with a square base in which the male element 2 is inscribed, are symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal and vertical plane of symmetry YZ passing through the middle of the brick.

[0041] Bricks 10, 30 and 40 comprise two female elements 1 and two male elements 2 placed on their respective lower and upper faces symmetrically with respect to a transverse and vertical plane XZ passing through the middle of the brick.

[0042] The male element comprises at least one projection 21 which fits into a rectangular parallelepiped with a square base. Preferably, the male element comprises a secondary projection 22 in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped with a square base centered on the projection 21, the projection 21 surrounding the projection 22. The length of the side of the square base of the rectangular parallelepiped in which the projection 21 fits is 2.8 to 5.7% less than the length of the side of the square base of the cavity 1. For example, for a cavity 1 with a square base and a side length equal to 70 mm, the length of the side of the projection 21 will be between 66 and 68 mm. The projection 21 of the male element comprises notches 3 on its periphery and preferably on at least two of its sides and longitudinal sides.

[0043] The total height of the male element 2 is less than the depth of the cavity of the female element 1 by at least 1 cm.

[0044] Each end face 104 of a brick 10, 20, 30 or 40 which abuts against the equivalent face of the adjoining brick has a vertical securing channel 4, preferably of semi-circular cross-section. The securing channel 4 has a first end which opens onto the upper face 101 of the brick. The securing channel 4 does not extend over the entire height of the brick but only over a part of its height, consequently its second end is closed by a wall in the shape of a half-disc 5 in the case of a securing channel 4 of semi-circular cross-section.Each connecting channel 4 of the bricks 10, 20, 30 and 40 communicates with at least one secondary connecting conduit 8 which extends from the connecting channel 4 inside the brick to a bottom wall 18 shown in Figures 6 and 15, the secondary connecting conduits 8 each forming a cavity inside a single brick.

[0045] Preferably, each connecting channel 4 of the bricks 10, 20, 30 and 40 communicates with a second secondary connecting conduit 9, located under the first secondary connecting channel 8, which extends from the connecting channel 4 inside the brick to a bottom wall 19 shown in Figures 6 and 15, the secondary connecting conduits 9 each forming a cavity inside a single brick. The secondary connecting conduits 8 and 9 are closed on all their sides, except on one of their ends which opens into the connecting channel 4 and on an air exhaust conduit 11 and 31. The air exhaust conduit 11 is located at the upper end of the cylindrical part of the secondary connecting conduit 8 and on the side opposite the end which opens into the connecting channel 4 and connects the connecting conduit 8 to the upper face 101 of the brick.The air exhaust duct 31 connects the two secondary connecting ducts 8 and 9 located one above the other, the secondary connecting duct 8 being placed above the secondary connecting duct 9 and preferably parallel to it.

[0046] The secondary connecting conduits 8 and 9 are parallel to the side faces of the brick and are preferably horizontal.

[0047] The top and bottom views of the brick 10 in Figures 3 and 4 show that the securing channel 4 opens out and is open on the upper face 101 of the brick, while it does not appear on the lower face 103 of the brick.

[0048] Each end face 104 of each of the bricks 10, 20, 30 and 40 comprises at least one first vertical channel 7 of semi-circular cross-section which extends over the entire height of the brick. Consequently, as can be seen in Figures 3 and 4, these channels 7 open onto the upper face 101 and the lower face 103 of all the bricks according to the invention. The first channels 7 are located in the same longitudinal vertical plane of the brick. The bricks 10 and 20 comprise a second vertical channel 7 located on each of the end faces 104.

[0049] Each brick 10, 30 and 40 also comprises at least one central conduit 6 for cables and tubes of continuous circular section passing through the brick over its entire height. The axis of symmetry of the conduits 6 is in the vertical and transverse plane of symmetry XZ passing through the middle of the brick. The bricks 30 and 40 comprise a single central channel 6 located at a distance D from one of the lateral faces 102, D being between 10 and 20 mm. The brick 10 comprises a first central channel 6 and a second central channel 6 symmetrical with respect to the first with respect to a longitudinal vertical plane passing through the middle of the brick. The two central channels 6 of the brick 10 being located at a distance D from each of the lateral faces 102 of the brick, D being between 10 and 20 mm.

[0050] When two bricks are juxtaposed and adjoining, as can be seen in Figures 5 and 6, the end faces 104 of one of their ends are in contact and coincide so that the two connecting channels 4 of the two adjoining bricks give rise to a main connecting conduit 14 and so that the channels 7 of the two adjoining bricks give rise to at least one vertical conduit 17 for tubes and cables of continuous circular section and over the entire height of the brick. The conduits 6 and 17 have the same diameter and the same length. In the bricks 10, 30 and 40, the conduits 6 and 17 located in the same vertical and longitudinal plane YZ, are equidistant from each other.

[0051] Bricks 10, 20, 30 and 40 also include horizontal conduits as can be seen in Figures 7 and 8 which represent brick 10 in section along the vertical and transverse planes AA and BB of the. Among the horizontal conduits, the lightening conduit 13 crosses the brick over its entire length without crossing any vertical conduit and is located in the lower part of the brick. The conduit 13 is always located in the same vertical plane as the secondary securing conduits 8 and 9. The lightening conduit 13 is a horizontal conduit intended to lighten the brick and improve its insulating power.

[0052] The bricks 10, 20, 30 and 40 comprise a set of three horizontal conduits for tubes and cables 12 aligned vertically and located one above the other. All the conduits of the set of horizontal conduits 12 communicate with the first vertical channel 7 located on each end face of the brick and located in the same longitudinal vertical plane as the latter with reference to the. The set of horizontal conduits 12 communicates with the (at least one) central conduit 6 of the bricks 10, 30 and 40 with reference to the. The horizontal conduits 12 are located in the brick at a distance D from the wall of one of the flat lateral faces 102 of the bricks, intended to form an interior wall.

[0053] Bricks 10 and 20 comprise a second set of conduits 16 for tubes and cables aligned vertically and located one above the other. The set of conduits 16 is symmetrical with respect to a longitudinal vertical plane YZ passing through the middle of the brick, to the set of three horizontal conduits for tubes and cables 12. The second set of horizontal conduits 16 communicates with the second vertical channel 7 located on each end face 104 of bricks 10 and 20 and with the second central channel 6 of brick 10. The horizontal conduits 16 are located in the brick at a distance D from the other of the flat lateral faces of the bricks. This distance D is between 10 mm and 20 mm depending on the brick.

[0054] According to which represents a side view of the brick according to its end faces 104, one can see the securing channels 4, the central channels 6 and the conduits 8, 9, 12, 13 and 16. Two orthogonal reference marks are mentioned in this figure because each mark mentions the orientation of the two end faces 104. The following figures 10, 11 and 12 represent the respective sections DD, EE and FF according to the corresponding horizontal planes mentioned in and according to an XY plane.

[0055] The cross-section of the connecting channels 4 corresponds to half the cross-section of the conduit 6. For each brick, the connecting channels 4 are equidistant from the conduits 6 and coplanar with each other because they are located in the same vertical plane. The cross-section of the connecting channel 4 is 15 to 20% greater than the half-cross-section of the secondary conduits 8 and 9. Preferably, the diameter of the conduits is 30 mm, the diameter of the main connecting conduit 14, obtained by joining two connecting channels 4, is 35 mm. The connecting conduits intended to be filled with mortar are thus distinguished from the others and the user can identify them more easily and more quickly.

[0056] In building a wall, each brick is interlocked with other similar bricks to form a brick assembly such as the wall shown in the figure.

[0057] The bricks of the first row are laid on their lower faces and so that the end faces of two adjoining bricks are in contact as can be seen in the.

[0058] The cavities 1 of the female elements of the two bricks of the first row receive a defined quantity of a sealing element in fluid form called mortar in the remainder of the description. The cavities 1 are not completely filled with mortar. A defined quantity of mortar is also poured inside the securing conduits, a quantity corresponding to the finished volume of the main securing conduit 14 and the secondary securing conduits 8 and 9 which extend the main securing conduit 14. Two characteristics make it possible to reduce the time required to fill these conduits and therefore to reduce the time taken to build the walls.

[0059] On the one hand, the section of the main connecting duct 14 is greater than the section of the ducts 8 and 9, which means that the mortar injected into the duct 14 slides quickly by gravity to the bottom of the duct 14 and into the ducts 8 and 9 to the bottom walls 18 and 19. On the other hand, air exhaust ducts 11 and 31 are provided at the ends of the secondary connecting ducts 8, located on either side of the main connecting duct 14. The air exhaust ducts 11 are vertical and open at their second end onto the upper face 101 of the bricks. The air exhaust ducts 31 are vertical and connect two connecting ducts 8 and 9 located one above the other.Thus, the air contained in the securing conduits 8, 9 and 14 escapes quickly through the air exhaust conduits 11 and 31 when the securing conduits are filled with mortar and not in the form of bubbles evacuated through the inlet of the main securing conduit 14.

[0060] The dimensions of the section of the air exhaust ducts 11 and 31 are of the order of a few millimeters on each side, between 2 and 5 mm on each side. The air exhaust duct 11 is located between the duct 8 located closest to the upper face 101 of the brick and the upper face 101 of the brick. The two air exhaust ducts 11 and 31 are aligned with each other. The mortar introduced into the main securing duct 14 spreads by gravity first into the securing ducts 9 located lowest, the air from these ducts escapes from the exhaust ducts 31 and opens into the securing ducts 8 located closest to the upper face 101.When the lowest connecting conduits 9 are filled with mortar, the mortar poured inside the main connecting conduit 14 then spreads into the connecting conduits 8 located closest to the upper face 101, the air from these conduits escapes through the air exhaust conduits 11 and opens onto the upper face 101 of the brick. The filling of conduits 14, 8 and 9 is complete when the mortar is flush with the upper faces 101 of the bricks.

[0061] Once solidified, the mortar inside the main vertical connecting conduit 14 and the secondary connecting conduits 8 and 9 forms a connecting block 15 between two adjoining bricks and connects the bricks together and two by two in the horizontal direction.

[0062] A brick is then laid astride the two bricks of the first row. During laying, the two male elements 2 of the brick of the second row penetrate into the two female cavities 1 referenced in the figure of the two adjoining bricks of the first row. The laying has the effect of exerting pressure on the quantity of mortar poured into the female element, and makes it possible to fill the space between the edges of the cavity 1 of the female element and the edges of the male elements, and in the notches 3 in order to thus achieve a solid and adjusted coupling of the bricks together in the vertical direction when the mortar is solidified.

[0063] In this position, the vertical conduits 6 for tubes and cables of the brick of the second row are aligned with the vertical conduits 17 formed between the end faces of two adjoining bricks of the row located immediately below, by the meeting and juxtaposition of their respective channels 7.

[0064] The quantity of mortar deposited in the female cavity 1 corresponds to the difference in volume of the male element and the female element, the male element having a volume less than the volume of the female element. The volume of the notches 3 is not included in the volume of the male elements so that in the event of excess mortar deposited in the cavity 1, this excess is absorbed by the notches 3. On the other hand, the mortar which is introduced into the notches 3 improves the bonding of the bricks in contact.

[0065] The bricks on the top row are offset from the bricks in the row immediately below so that each brick in a row other than the first overlaps two bricks. This is made possible by the fact that the male and female parts are positioned on the lower and upper faces of the bricks symmetrically about a vertical transverse plane XZ passing through the middle of the block and symmetrically about a vertical longitudinal plane YZ passing through the middle of the block.

[0066] Thus the walls are quickly built by stacking and juxtaposing the bricks without it being necessary to check after each laying the horizontality, verticality and alignment of the bricks forming the rows above the first, the self-centering of the bricks between them being done thanks to the male elements 2 which fit into the female elements 1, to within 1 to 2 mm.

[0067] To facilitate construction, the filling of the female cavities 1 and the connecting conduits with mortar can be carried out using an injection device that injects the appropriate quantity of mortar to be deposited. The specific device comprises three connected arms, which are pipes intended to inject a determined quantity of cement mortar poured from a mortar tank to which they are connected. The gap between the three connected arms is adjusted so that the first two arms inject mortar into the two female cavities 1, and the third arm injects mortar into the connecting conduit 14. The quantity of mortar injected is programmable for each of the 3 connected arms and pumped from the tank.

[0068] In which represents a perspective view of two half-bricks 10 cut along a vertical and longitudinal plane, the volume of mortar injected into the connecting conduits 14, 8 and 9 forms, once solidified, a connecting block 15 shown in its entirety in Figures 15 and 16. The connecting block 15 obtained is identical for all the bricks and holds together two adjoining bricks. Although it is possible to produce the brick according to the invention with a single horizontal connecting conduit 8 on either side of the vertical connecting conduit 14, it is preferable that there are two connecting conduits 8 and 9 on either side of the main connecting conduit 14. With a single secondary connecting conduit 8 on either side of the main connecting conduit 14, the connecting block 15 has the shape of an upside-down T.With two secondary connecting conduits 8 and 9 on either side of the main connecting conduit 14, the connecting block 15 has the shape of a T with two upside-down horizontal bars.

[0069] The secondary connecting conduits 8 and 9 are all identical, parallel to each other and aligned two by two on either side of the connecting conduit 14.

[0070] This horizontal mechanical joining function thanks to the joining blocks 15, combined with the vertical mechanical coupling function, achieved thanks to the specific male-female elements 1 and 2, allows walls to be built with a high level of resistance and durability. In addition, the walls are built with considerable time savings.

[0071] According to a particular embodiment, the horizontal conduits 12 and 16 and the vertical conduits 6 and 17 are conduits preferably of circular section for tubes and cables. As can be seen in which represents a section of a brick wall 10, 20, 30 or 40 along a vertical plane passing through the axis of symmetry of the set of horizontal conduits 12, it can be seen that the horizontal conduits 12 and 16 and the vertical conduits 6 and 17 intersect and communicate with each other. Therefore, to pass cables or tubes 32 from a point A of the wall to a point B of the wall it is not necessary to make grooves going from point A to point B. In fact, it is sufficient to drill a hole through the wall of the side face of the bricks at point A and point B and to drill a hole at another point C or J at the intersection of the two horizontal and vertical paths located at the place where the tube or cable changes direction to pass sheaths, cables or tubes.Drilling the hole is made easier by the fact that the conduits 6 or 17 to be reached are located close to one of the side walls 104 of the brick at a distance D from the side face, D being between 10 and 20 mm.

[0072] The intervention of other trades associated with the construction, such as electricians and plumbers, is facilitated. 6, 17, 12 and 16 rectangular section conduits can be used without departing from the scope of the invention, but circular section conduits are more resistant, easier to produce and prevent tubes and cables from getting stuck.

[0073] The brick 20 shown in is a first variant embodiment of the brick according to the invention. It corresponds to a half-brick 10 and is placed at the beginning and end (or only at the beginning) of every other row of bricks 10. In accordance with the dimensions given as an example of the brick 10, the dimensions of the half-brick 20 are 130 mm in length (along the Y axis), 130 mm in width (along the X axis) and 160 mm in height (along the Z axis).

[0074] The brick 20 comprises a single female element 1 on its upper face 101 and a single male element 2 on its lower face 103 and the male and female elements of the brick 20 are centered on their respective faces. The brick 20 does not comprise a vertical conduit 6 since its length corresponds to the distance separating the two end channels 7. The conduits 7 located in the same vertical plane YZ of a brick 20 are separated from each other by a distance equivalent to the distance which separates the channels 7 and 6 located in the same vertical plane YZ of the same brick 10, 30 or 40.

[0075] The brick 30 shown in is a second variant embodiment of the brick according to the invention. The brick 30 is a small brick designed for interior partitions. On each end face 104 of the brick 20, there is a single vertical channel 4 and a single vertical conduit 7. The dimensions of the brick 30 are 200 mm in length (along the Y axis), 100 mm in width (along the X axis) and 160 mm in height (along the Z axis).

[0076] Brick 40 shown in is a third variant embodiment of the brick according to the invention. Brick 40 is the largest of the bricks designed for exterior walls. On each end face 104 of brick 20, there are two vertical channels 4 and a single vertical conduit 7. Two horizontal connecting conduits 8 open into each channel 4 of each end face of brick 40. When two bricks 40 are juxtaposed and adjoining, the conduits 4 which coincide on their contacting end face give rise to two vertical connecting conduits 14 which, once filled with mortar, form two connecting blocks 15.

[0077] The dimensions of the large brick 40 are 400 mm in length (along the Y axis), 200 mm in width (along the X axis) and 160 mm 200 mm in height (along the Z axis).

[0078] For all bricks 10, 30 and 40 according to the invention, except for half-brick 20, the length of the brick is always equal to twice its width.

[0079] The height of the bricks corresponds to the height of the bricks without the male part.

[0080] The brick according to the invention can be made of terracotta, raw earth, cement or any type of natural or / and synthetic materials intended for the construction of buildings. All variants of configurations, dimensions, materials and color fall within the scope of the invention, in particular the cement mortar can be replaced by other materials ensuring the same function.

[0081] The brick according to the invention offers a significant improvement over the state of the art. Indeed, its implementation makes it possible to considerably reduce construction time while making the construction solid and durable and with a better quality of finish. In addition, the brick according to the invention improves and facilitates the work of trades associated with construction, such as electricians, plumbers, aerial installers, etc. Consequently, the implementation of the brick according to the invention makes it possible to achieve significant savings in time, money, and materials, with positive repercussions on the ecological level.

Claims

Brick (10, 20, 30, 40) comprising six faces including an upper face (101), a lower face (103), two end faces (104) and two side faces (102), said lower and upper faces comprising complementary assembly means of the male element (2) and female element (1) type which make it possible to assemble said brick in the vertical direction with other similar bricks, said brick comprising at least one joining channel (4) located on at least one end face (104) and a first end of which opens onto said upper face of said brick, said joining channel (4) giving rise to a main joining conduit (14) when two bricks are juxtaposed and adjoining,Characterized in that said joining channel (4) comprises a second end which does not open onto the lower face of said brick so that said joining channel extends over part of the height of said brick,said securing channel communicating with at least one secondary securing conduit (8) which extends from said securing channel (4) inside said brick to a bottom wall (18), said securing conduits (8) each forming a cavity inside a single brick., Brick (10, 20, 30, 40) according to claim 1, wherein said at least one securing channel (4) is vertical and has a semi-circular cross-section and said second end of said at least one securing channel has the shape of a half-disc (5), and wherein the securing conduits (8) are horizontal and have a circular cross-section. Brick (10, 20, 30, 40) according to claim 1 or 2, comprising an air exhaust duct (11) connecting the end of said secondary securing duct (8) to the upper face (101) of the brick. Brick (10, 20, 30, 40) according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein said at least one securing channel (4) communicates with a second secondary securing duct (9) located under the first secondary securing channel (8), said second secondary securing duct (9) extends from the securing channel 4 inside the brick to a bottom wall (19), said brick comprising another vertical air exhaust duct (31) connecting the two securing ducts (8) and (9) located one above the other. Brick (10, 20, 30, 40) according to one of claims 1 to 4, in which the female element of the complementary assembly means is a cavity (1) in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped with a square base located on the upper face (101) of the brick and the edges of which are parallel to the edges of the brick, said cavity (1) being symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal and vertical plane of symmetry passing through the middle of the brick. Brick (10, 20, 30, 40) according to one of claims 1 to 5, in which the male element (2) of the complementary assembly means is located on the lower face (103) of the brick and is inscribed in a rectangular parallelepiped with a square base whose edges are parallel to the edges of the brick, said male element (2) being symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal and vertical plane of symmetry passing through the middle of the brick. Brick (10, 20, 30, 40) according to one of claims 1 to 6, in which the male element (2) comprises at least one projection (21) which fits into a rectangular parallelepiped with a square base, and the length of the side of the square base of the rectangular parallelepiped in which the projection (21) fits is 2.8 to 5.7% less than the length of the side of the square base of the cavity (1). Brick (10, 20, 30, 40) according to claim 7, in which the male element (2) comprises a secondary projection (22) in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped with a square base centered on the projection (21), the projection (21) surrounding the secondary projection (22), said projection (21) comprising notches (3) on its periphery on at least two of its sides. Brick (10, 20, 30, 40) according to one of claims 1 to 8, in which the total height of the male element (2) is less than the depth of the cavity of the female element (1) by at least 1 cm. Brick (10, 20, 30, 40) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, in which each end face (104) comprises a first vertical channel (7) of semi-circular cross-section which extends over the entire height of the brick, said vertical channel (7) giving rise to a vertical conduit (17) when two bricks are juxtaposed and adjoining. Brick (10, 30, 40) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, comprising a first central conduit (6) passing through the brick over its entire height, the axis of symmetry of said central conduit being in the vertical and transverse plane of symmetry passing through the middle of the brick and said central conduit being included in the same longitudinal vertical plane as the first vertical channel (7) and equidistant from said first vertical channel (7). Brick (10, 20, 30, 40) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, comprising at least one horizontal lightening conduit (13) passing through the brick over its entire length and located in the same vertical plane as the secondary securing conduits (8). Brick (10, 20, 30, 40) according to any one of claims 1 to 12, comprising a set of horizontal conduits (12) communicating with the first vertical channel (7) located on each end face (104), the set of horizontal conduits (12) being in the same longitudinal vertical plane as the first vertical channel (7) of each end face, said horizontal conduits (12) being located at a distance D from the wall of one of the side faces (102), D being between 10 mm and 20 mm. Brick (10, 30, 40) according to claim 13, wherein the set of horizontal conduits (12) communicates with the first central channel (6) so as to be able to serve as conduits for installing cables or tubes (32). Brick (10, 20) according to claim 13 or 14, comprising a second set of horizontal conduits (16) communicating with a second vertical channel (7) located on each end face (104), the second set being in the same longitudinal vertical plane as the second vertical channel (7) of each end face, said horizontal conduits (16) being located at a distance D from the wall of one of the side faces (102), D being between 10 mm and 20 mm. Brick (10) according to claim 15, wherein the second set of horizontal conduits (16) communicates with the second central channel (6) so as to be able to serve as conduits for installing cables or tubes (32). Method for forming a masonry structure based on bricks (10, 30, 40) comprising six faces including an upper face (101), a lower face (103), two end faces (104) and two side faces (102), said lower and upper faces comprising complementary assembly means of the male element (2) and female element (1) type, said brick comprising at least one vertical securing channel (4) located on at least one end face (104) and a first end of which opens onto said upper face of said brick, and a second end which does not open onto the lower face of said brick so that said securing channel extends over a portion of the height of said brick, said securing channel communicating with two secondary securing conduits (8) which extend from said securing channel (4) inside said brick to a bottom wall (18),said connecting conduits (8) each forming a cavity inside a single brick giving rise to a main connecting conduit (14),Characterized in that it comprises the following steps:Assembling similar bricks so as to place them on a bed of mortar on their lower face and so that two end faces (104) of two adjoining bricks are in contact, to form a first row of bricks,Laying mortar in the visible female cavities (1) of the upper faces of the bricks without filling them completely,Pouring mortar into the visible main connecting conduits (14), formed by the juxtaposition of two connecting channels (4) when two bricks are juxtaposed and adjoining, until the mortar is flush with the upper faces (101) of the bricks,the quantity of poured mortar corresponding to the volume of the main connecting conduit (14) and the volume of the secondary connecting conduits (8) which extend said main connecting conduit,Lay another row of similar bricks (10, 30, 40) on the upper face of the bricks of the row located immediately below so that each brick is laid astride two bricks,Repeat steps b) and c) to connect the bricks together,Repeat steps d) and e) as many times as necessary to form the desired masonry structure.,

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