Projection member, piping member, and piping system

Abstract

Provided are a projection member, a piping member, and a piping system that can improve a flow rate while enabling size reduction. A projection member (6-1) is located inside a straight pipe part (vertical pipe 3) constituting a piping system, and partially reduces the flow path cross-sectional area of the straight pipe part (vertical pipe 3). The projection member (6-1) has: a top part (6c) that is located between an upstream-side end (first end 6a) and a downstream-side end (second end 6b) in a flow direction of fluid flowing through the straight pipe part (vertical pipe 3) and minimizes the flow path cross-sectional area of the straight pipe part (vertical pipe 3); and a surface (60a) capable of contacting the fluid. The surface (60a) includes a hydrophilic region (600) having hydrophilicity. At least a portion of the hydrophilic region (600) is located between the top part (6c) and the downstream-side end (second end 6b).

Description

Projection components, piping components, piping systems

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a protrusion member, a piping member, and a piping system.

[0002] Patent Document 1 discloses a siphon gutter system (piping system). The siphon gutter system disclosed in Patent Document 1 includes an eaves gutter, a siphon generating section that includes a cylindrical section that penetrates a water collection port formed on the bottom surface of the eaves gutter and that generates a siphon phenomenon, and an elbow. The elbow is installed downstream of the siphon gutter system. The elbow includes a curved pipe section and receiving ports provided on both ends of the curved pipe section. When viewed in cross section on a plane including the pipe axis of the curved pipe section, the radius of curvature of the inner peripheral surface (inner wall surface) on the inner peripheral side of the curved pipe section is greater than 64 mm and less than 100 mm.

[0003] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2019-120068

[0004] The technology disclosed in Patent Document 1 is expected to improve the flow rate (drainage capacity), but the elbow becomes relatively large.

[0005] The present disclosure provides a projection member, a piping member, and a piping system that can improve flow rate while allowing for miniaturization.

[0006] A protrusion member according to one aspect of the present disclosure is a protrusion member located inside a straight pipe section that constitutes a piping system and that partially reduces the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the straight pipe section, and is provided with an apex that is located between the upstream end and downstream end in the flow direction of the fluid flowing through the straight pipe section and that minimizes the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the straight pipe section, and a surface that can come into contact with the fluid, wherein the surface includes a hydrophilic region that has hydrophilic properties, and at least a portion of the hydrophilic region is located between the apex and the downstream end.

[0007] A piping member according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes the above-described protrusion member and a straight pipe.

[0008] A piping system according to one aspect of the present disclosure comprises one or more protrusion members as described above, a plurality of straight pipe sections, and one or more fittings connecting the plurality of straight pipe sections, wherein the one or more protrusion members are located inside one or more corresponding straight pipe sections among the plurality of straight pipe sections.

[0009] Aspects of the present disclosure can improve flow rates while allowing for compactness.

[0010] 5A cross-sectional view of the piping member according to the first embodiment; sectional view taken along line A-A in FIG. 4; sectional view of the piping member according to the first embodiment with a portion cut away; sectional view of the piping member according to the first embodiment; sectional view taken along line IX-IX in FIG. 5; sectional view taken along line X-X in FIG. 5; sectional view taken along line XI-XI in FIG. 5; sectional view taken along line XII-XII in FIG. 5; sectional view taken along line XIII-XIII in FIG. 5; 23A cross-sectional view of another piping member according to embodiment 1; 23B cross-sectional view of another piping member according to embodiment 1; 23C diagram of a simulation of pressure distribution in a piping member of a comparative example; 23C cross-sectional view of a piping member of a piping system according to embodiment 2; 23D cross-sectional view of a piping member of a piping system according to embodiment 3; 23E diagram of a first example of a water-repellent structure of a protruding member according to embodiment 3; 23F cross-sectional view of a piping member of a piping system according to embodiment 3; 23F cross-sectional view of a piping member according to embodiment 3; 32A cross-sectional view of a piping member according to modified example 2. A plan view of a piping member according to modified example 1. A bottom view of a piping member according to modified example 1. A comparison diagram between the protrusion member according to modified example 1 and the protrusion member according to the embodiment. A graph showing a change in pressure loss due to the protrusion member according to modified example 1 compared to the protrusion member according to embodiment 1. An exploded perspective view of a piping member according to modified example 2. A cross-sectional view of a piping member according to modified example 2. An enlarged view of P1 in FIG. 32. A cross-sectional view taken along line CC in FIG. 32. A cross-sectional view of a piping member according to modified example 2. A bottom view of a piping member according to modified example 2. An exploded perspective view of a piping member according to modified example 3. A cross-sectional view of a piping member according to modified example 3. 38 Enlarged view of P2 in FIG. 38 Cross-sectional view along line D-D in FIG. 38 Cross-sectional view with a portion of the piping member according to variant 3 cut away Bottom view of the piping member according to variant 3 Perspective view of the drainage member (piping member) according to variant 4 Exploded perspective view of the drainage member according to variant 4 Cross-sectional view of the drainage member according to variant 4 Exploded cross-sectional view of the drainage member according to variant 4 Cross-sectional view along line E-E in FIG. 45 Perspective view of the straight pipe section of the drainage member according to variant 4 Side view of the straight pipe section according to variant 4 Plan view of the straight pipe section according to variant 4 Bottom view of the straight pipe section according to variant 4 Cross-sectional view along line F-F in FIG. 50 Perspective cross-sectional view along line G-G in FIG. 50 Cross-sectional view along line H-H in FIG. 52

[0011] [1. Embodiments] Hereinafter, embodiments will be described in detail, with reference to the drawings as appropriate. However, more detailed description than necessary may be omitted. For example, detailed description of already well-known matters or redundant description of substantially identical configurations may be omitted. This is to avoid unnecessary redundancy in the following description and to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art. Note that the inventor(s) provide the accompanying drawings and the following description to enable those skilled in the art to fully understand the present disclosure, and are not intended to limit the subject matter described in the claims.

[0012] Unless otherwise specified, the positional relationships such as up, down, left, and right are based on the positional relationships shown in the drawings. Each drawing described in the following embodiments is a schematic drawing, and the ratios of the size and thickness of each component in each drawing do not necessarily reflect the actual dimensional ratios. Furthermore, the dimensional ratios of each component are not limited to the ratios shown in the drawings.

[0013] In the following description, when it is necessary to distinguish between multiple components, prefixes such as "first" and "second" are added to the names of the components. However, when the components can be distinguished from each other by the symbols attached to them, the prefixes such as "first" and "second" may be omitted in consideration of readability of the text.

[0014] In the following description, when it is necessary to distinguish between multiple components, suffixes such as "-1" and "-2" are added to the symbols of the components. However, when it is not necessary to distinguish between multiple components, the suffixes "-1" and "-2" may be omitted to improve readability.

[0015] [1.1 First Embodiment] [1.1.1 Configuration] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a piping system 1 according to a first embodiment. The piping system 1 is used to transport a fluid with a Reynolds number of 4000 or greater. A fluid with a Reynolds number of 4000 or greater is considered to be a fluid whose flow within a cylinder becomes turbulent. Examples of fluids include liquids (drinking water, heat source water, wastewater, oil, etc.), gases (air, steam, etc.), and gas-liquid two-phase flow (a mixture of liquid and gas). In this embodiment, the piping system 1 is used as a drainage system. The piping system 1 is a gutter system that receives rainwater from the roof 11a of a building 11 and channels it to a manhole 21 on the ground 20. The piping system 1 forms a rainwater flow path. The rainwater collected in the manhole 21 flows from the manhole 21 through an underground pipe 22 and into a storm sewer. The building 11 is, for example, a non-residential facility such as a store, office, factory, building, school, welfare facility, or hospital, and a residential facility such as a detached house, an apartment building, or each dwelling unit of a detached house or apartment building. Non-residential facilities also include theaters, movie theaters, public halls, amusement parks, complexes, department stores, hotels, inns, kindergartens, libraries, museums, art galleries, underground shopping malls, stations, airports, etc.

[0016] The piping system 1 includes an eaves gutter 2, a vertical pipe 3, a horizontal pipe 4, bent pipes 15-1 and 15-2, protruding members 6-1, 6-2 and 6-3, a vertical pipe 7, and a drain 8.

[0017] The eaves gutter 2 collects rainwater from the roof 11a of the building 11. The eaves gutter 2 is installed under the roof 11a of the building 11. As an example, the eaves gutter 2 is arranged at the eaves edge of the roof 11a. In particular, the eaves gutter 2 is arranged so as to extend along the eaves edge of the roof 11a. The eaves gutter 2 is shaped like a long bucket. The eaves gutter 2 has a bottom wall 2a. A water collection opening 2b is formed in the bottom wall 2a depending on the overall design of the piping system 1. The water collection opening 2b is, for example, a circular opening. The water collection opening 2b is also referred to as a drain or drop outlet. As an example, the eaves gutter 2 may be formed by extrusion molding of a resin material. The eaves gutter 2 may include a core material to reinforce the overall strength of the eaves gutter 2. The core material may be made of, for example, metal. As another example, the eaves gutter 2 may be formed from a metal plate, for example, a steel plate (also called a coil).

[0018] The drain 8 is disposed at the water collection port 2b of the eaves gutter 2. The drain 8 reduces the generation of vortices and the entrainment of air at the water collection port 2b. The drain 8 may contribute to the generation of a siphoning phenomenon. The drain 8 may have a known configuration.

[0019] In the piping system 1, the standpipe 3 is not directly connected to the water collection port 2b, but is connected to the water collection port 2b via a horizontal pipe 4, a standpipe 7, and bent pipes 15-1 and 15-2. In the piping system 1, each of the standpipe 3, horizontal pipe 4, and standpipe 7 is a straight pipe section. The straight pipe section defines a linear flow path. In other words, the piping system 1 includes a plurality of straight pipe sections. The plurality of straight pipe sections include, in order from the downstream side, a first straight pipe section (standpipe 3), a second straight pipe section (horizontal pipe 4), and a third straight pipe section (standpipe 7). The bent pipes 15-1 and 15-2 are joints. The joints connect the straight pipe sections together.

[0020] The standpipe 3 defines a vertical flow path. In a gutter system, the standpipe 3 is also called a downspout. The standpipe 3 is installed to drain rainwater from the water collection port 2b. The standpipe 3 allows rainwater from the water collection port 2b to flow vertically. The standpipe 3 is straight. A cross section perpendicular to the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3 is circular. The standpipe 3 is arranged so that the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3 coincides with the up-down direction (vertical direction). The standpipe 3 has an upstream end 3a and a downstream end 3b. The upstream end 3a is the end of the standpipe 3 that is connected to the water collection port 2b (the upper end in FIG. 1). The downstream end 3b is the end of the standpipe 3 that is inserted into the manhole 21 (the lower end in FIG. 1). In FIG. 1, a drain pipe cover 34 is arranged to prevent rainwater from flowing into the manhole 21 through a gap between the upright pipe 3 and the manhole 21.

[0021] The horizontal pipe 4 defines a flow path that intersects the vertical direction. In a gutter system, the horizontal pipe 4 is also called a call gutter. The horizontal pipe 4 is a portion that carries rainwater from the building 11 from the water collection port 2b to the standpipe 3. The horizontal pipe 4 is located between the rainwater collection port 2b from the building 11 and the standpipe 3. The horizontal pipe 4 is straight. The cross section perpendicular to the central axis C4 of the horizontal pipe 4 is circular. The horizontal pipe 4 is fixed so that the central axis C4 of the horizontal pipe 4 is inclined relative to the up-down direction (vertical direction). The horizontal pipe 4 has an upstream end 4a and a downstream end 4b. The upstream end 4a is the end of the horizontal pipe 4 that is connected to the water collection port 2b (the left end in FIG. 1 ). The downstream end 4b is the end of the horizontal pipe 4 that is connected to the standpipe 3 (the right end in FIG. 1 ).

[0022] The standpipe 7 defines a vertical flow path. The standpipe 7 allows rainwater to flow vertically from the water collection port 2b. The standpipe 7 is connected to the drain 8 and is located downstream of the water collection port 2b. The standpipe 7 is located between the water collection port 2b and the horizontal pipe 4. The standpipe 7 is straight. The cross section perpendicular to the central axis C7 of the standpipe 7 is circular. The standpipe 7 is located so that the direction of the central axis C7 of the standpipe 7 coincides with the up-down direction (vertical direction). The standpipe 7 has an upstream end 7a and a downstream end 7b. The upstream end 7a is the end of the standpipe 7 that is connected to the water collection port 2b (the upper end in FIG. 1). The downstream end 7b is the end of the standpipe 7 that is connected to the horizontal pipe 4 (the lower end in FIG. 1).

[0023] As an example, the material of the standpipe 3, horizontal pipe 4, and standpipe 7 is rigid polyvinyl chloride. The dimensions of the standpipe 3, horizontal pipe 4, and standpipe 7, such as the outer diameter and thickness, may be set in accordance with the standard for rigid polyvinyl chloride pipes (general) of JIS K 6741 "Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride Pipes."

[0024] The bent pipes 15-1 and 15-2 change the direction of the flow path. The bent pipes 15-1 and 15-2 are joints that connect flow paths with different directions, such as a vertical pipe and a horizontal pipe. Each of the bent pipes 15-1 and 15-2 has sockets 151 and 152 to which upstream and downstream piping members are respectively connected, and a bent portion 150 that connects the sockets 151 and 152 to each other.

[0025] The bent pipe 15-1 is a first bent pipe that connects the standpipe 3 (first straight pipe section) and the horizontal pipe 4 (second straight pipe section). The bent pipe 15-1 connects the upstream end 3a of the standpipe 3 to the downstream end 4b of the horizontal pipe 4. In the bent pipe 15-1, the downstream end 4b of the horizontal pipe 4 is connected to the socket 151, and the upstream end 3a of the standpipe 3 is connected to the socket 152. The bent pipe 15-2 is a second bent pipe that connects the water collection port 2b and the horizontal pipe 4. The bent pipe 15-2 connects the upstream end 4a of the horizontal pipe 4 to the water collection port 2b. In the bent pipe 15-2, the water collection port 2b is connected to the socket 151, and the upstream end 4a of the horizontal pipe 4 is connected to the socket 152. In this embodiment, a standpipe 7 is arranged between the water collection port 2b and the bent pipe 15-2. In other words, the bent pipe 15-2 is a second bent pipe that connects the vertical pipe 7 (third straight pipe section) and the horizontal pipe 4 (second straight pipe section). The bent pipe 15-2 connects the upstream end 4a of the horizontal pipe 4 to the downstream end 7b of the vertical pipe 7. In the bent pipe 15-2, the downstream end 7b of the vertical pipe 7 is connected to the socket 151, and the upstream end 4a of the horizontal pipe 4 is connected to the socket 152.

[0026] The bent pipe 15-1 does not necessarily have to be a member that directly connects the upstream end 3a of the stand pipe 3 to the downstream end 4b of the horizontal pipe 4, but may be a member that indirectly connects the upstream end 3a of the stand pipe 3 to the downstream end 4b of the horizontal pipe 4 via another member. The bent pipe 15-2 does not necessarily have to be a member that directly connects the upstream end 4a of the horizontal pipe 4 to the water collection port 2b, but may be a member that indirectly connects the upstream end 4a of the horizontal pipe 4 to the water collection port 2b via another member.

[0027] As an example, the material of the bent pipes 15-1 and 15-2 may be, for example, rigid polyvinyl chloride. The dimensions of the bent pipes 15-1 and 15-2 may be set in accordance with, for example, the standard JIS K 6739 "Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe Joints for Drainage." In this embodiment, the bent pipes 15-1 and 15-2 are 90° elbows. The 90° elbows may be, for example, 90° bent elbows (so-called DL) as defined in JIS K 6739. The angle between the central axes of the sockets 151 and 152 is, for example, 91.17° as defined in JIS K 6739 "Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe Joints for Drainage."

[0028] The protrusion members 6-1 to 6-3 are located inside corresponding straight pipe sections among the plurality of straight pipe sections (upright pipe 3, horizontal pipe 4, vertical pipe 7) and are used to partially reduce the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the corresponding straight pipe section. In this embodiment, the protrusion member 6-1 corresponds to the first straight pipe section (upright pipe 3). The protrusion member 6-2 corresponds to the third straight pipe section (upright pipe 7). The protrusion member 6-3 corresponds to the second straight pipe section (horizontal pipe 4).

[0029] The protrusion members 6-1 to 6-3, together with the corresponding straight pipe sections (upright pipe 3, upright pipe 7, horizontal pipe 4), respectively constitute piping members 10-1 to 10-3. More specifically, the piping member 10-1 includes the protrusion member 6-1 and the vertical pipe 3. The piping member 10-2 includes the protrusion member 6-2 and the vertical pipe 7. The piping member 10-3 includes the protrusion member 6-3 and the horizontal pipe 4.

[0030] Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a configuration example of the piping member 10-1, and Fig. 3 is an exploded perspective view of the piping member 10-1. As can be seen from Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the piping member 10-1 includes a vertical pipe 3 and a protruding member 6-1.

[0031] 3, the protruding member 6-1 has a size, that is, a length, a width, and a height (thickness), that allows it to be placed inside the riser pipe 3. The material of the protruding member 6-1 is, for example, hard polyvinyl chloride.

[0032] The protruding member 6-1 has a first end 6a and a second end 6b. The first end 6a and the second end 6b are both ends of the protruding member 6-1 in the longitudinal direction. The longitudinal direction of the protruding member 6-1 corresponds to the flow direction of the fluid in the corresponding straight pipe section (standby pipe 3). The flow direction of the fluid in the standby pipe 3 coincides with the direction of the central axis C3 of the standby pipe 3. The first end 6a is closer to the first bent pipe 15-1 than the second end 6b.

[0033] FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the piping member 10-1. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A in FIG. 4. FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the piping member 10-1 with a portion cut away. FIG. 7 is a plan view of the piping member 10-1. FIG. 8 is a bottom view of the piping member 10-1. FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IX-IX in FIG. 5. FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along line X-X in FIG. 5. FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XI-XI in FIG. 5. FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XII-XII in FIG. 5. FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XIII-XIII in FIG. 5.

[0034] As shown in FIG. 4, the protruding member 6-1 has a surface 60a that can come into contact with the fluid flowing inside the riser 3, and a contact surface 60b that comes into contact with the inner circumferential surface 30a of the riser 3.

[0035] 7 and 8 , the contact surface 60b has a convex shape when viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3. The radius of curvature of the contact surface 60b is set based on the radius of curvature of the inner circumferential surface 30a of the standpipe 3 so that no gap is substantially generated between the contact surface 60b and the inner circumferential surface 30a of the standpipe 3.

[0036] 4 to 8, the surface 60a is located on the opposite side of the protruding member 6-1 to the contact surface 60b. The protruding member 6-1 has a main surface 61 and first and second side surfaces 62, 63.

[0037] As shown in Figures 4 to 6, the main surface 61 extends from the first end 6a toward the second end 6b. As shown in Figures 7 and 8, the main surface 61 faces the center of the standpipe 3 when viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3. The first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 are on either side of the main surface 61 when viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3. In Figure 7, the first side surface 62 is on the left side of the main surface 61, and the second side surface 63 is on the right side of the main surface 61.

[0038] In the protruding member 6-1, the main surface 61 and the first and second side surfaces 62, 63 can come into contact with the fluid flowing inside the standpipe 3. As shown in Fig. 5, the protruding member 6-1 induces a flow F1 along the main surface, a flow F2 along the first side surface 62, and a flow F3 along the second side surface 63.

[0039] The protrusion member 6-1 has a first separation wall 64 for promoting separation of the flow F1 and the flow F2. The presence of the first separation wall 64 can make it easier for the flow F2 to separate from the flow F1. The first separation wall 64 is located between the main surface 61 and the first side surface 62. In this embodiment, the first separation wall 64 is the boundary between the main surface 61 and the first side surface 62. In other words, the boundary between the main surface 61 and the first side surface 62 forms a wall between a flow path having the main surface 61 as its bottom surface and a flow path having the first side surface 62 as its bottom surface. The first separation wall 64 can be formed by having both the main surface 61 and the first side surface 62 have a concave shape.

[0040] The protrusion member 6-1 has a second separation wall 65 to promote separation of the flow F1 and the flow F3. The presence of the second separation wall 65 can make it easier for the flow F3 to separate from the flow F1. The second separation wall 65 is located between the main surface 61 and the second side surface 63. In this embodiment, the second separation wall 65 is the boundary between the main surface 61 and the second side surface 63. In other words, the boundary between the main surface 61 and the second side surface 63 forms a wall between a flow path having the main surface 61 as its bottom surface and a flow path having the second side surface 63 as its bottom surface. The second separation wall 65 can be formed by having both the main surface 61 and the second side surface 63 have a concave shape.

[0041] As can be seen from FIGS. 4, 5, and 7 to 13, the shape (cross-sectional shape) of the protrusion member 6-1 seen from the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3 changes along the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3.

[0042] As shown in FIG. 4, the height of the protrusion member 6-1 varies along the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3. In this embodiment, the protrusion member 6-1 has a top portion 6c between the first end 6a and the second end 6b. The top portion 6c is the highest part of the protrusion member 6-1. The height of the protrusion member 6-1 increases monotonically from the first end 6a toward the top portion 6c. The height of the protrusion member 6-1 decreases monotonically from the top portion 6c toward the second end 6b. The protrusion member 6-1 minimizes the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the standpipe 3 at the top portion 6c.

[0043] As shown in Figure 4, in a cross section perpendicular to the width direction of the protruding member 6-1, the main surface 61 includes a curved shape at the top 6c that protrudes toward the second wall surface 30c. This improves the flow rate. From another perspective, the main surface 61 only needs to have a shape that protrudes toward the second wall surface 30c so as to produce the Coanda effect on the downstream side of the bent pipe 15-1. In other words, the main surface 61 only needs to have a shape that produces the Coanda effect on the downstream side of the bent pipe 15-1. This improves the flow rate while enabling miniaturization.

[0044] As can be seen from FIGS. 7 to 13, the shape of the main surface 61 when viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3 changes along the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3.

[0045] 7 and 9, at least a portion of the main surface 61 has a concave shape when viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3. At least a portion of the main surface 61 is a portion of the main surface 61 on the first end 6a side. In other words, the main surface 61 has a concave shape at the first end 6a. When viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3, the radius of curvature of at least a portion of the main surface 61 (first end 6a) is equal to or smaller than the radius of curvature of the inner circumferential surface 30a of the standpipe 3. This reduces pressure loss in the protruding member 6-1.

[0046] As shown in FIGS. 7 to 11 , the main surface 61 has a concave shape at the first end 6a but a convex shape at the second end 6b. In other words, the shape of the main surface 61, as viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3, changes from a concave shape to a convex shape from the first end 6a to the second end 6b. This facilitates flow along the main surface 61 of the protruding member 6-1. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 11 , the shape of the main surface 61, as viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3, is convex at the top 6c. The shape of the main surface 61, as viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3, is convex in the range from the top 6c to the second end 6b. In this embodiment, the protruding member 6-1 has a flat portion 6d between the first end 6a and the top 6c. As shown in FIG. 10 , at the flat portion 6d, the main surface 61 has a planar shape when viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3.

[0047] Within the concave area of ​​the main surface 61, the center of the concave shape of the main surface 61, i.e., the lowest part of the concave shape, is located closer to the center than the ends in the width direction of the protrusion member 6-1. Within the convex area of ​​the main surface 61, the center of the convex shape of the main surface 61, i.e., the highest part of the convex shape, is located closer to the center than the ends in the width direction of the protrusion member 6-1. In this embodiment, the center of the convex shape of the main surface 61 coincides with the center of the protrusion member 6-1 in the width direction.

[0048] As can be seen from FIGS. 7 to 13, the shapes of the first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 when viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3 change along the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3.

[0049] 7 and 9, at least a portion of the first side surface 62 has a concave shape when viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3. At least a portion of the first side surface 62 is a portion of the first side surface 62 on the first end 6a side. In other words, the first side surface 62 has a concave shape at the first end 6a. This reduces pressure loss at the protruding member 6-1.

[0050] 7 and 9, at least a portion of the second side surface 63 has a concave shape when viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3. At least a portion of the second side surface 63 is a portion of the second side surface 63 on the first end 6a side. In other words, the second side surface 63 has a concave shape at the first end 6a. This reduces pressure loss at the protruding member 6-1.

[0051] The shape of the first side surface 62, as viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3, remains concave from the first end 6a to the second end 6b. As can be seen from Figures 11 to 13, the depth of the concave shape of the first side surface 62 becomes shallower from the top 6c to the second end 6b. This allows the flow F2 along the first side surface 62 to smoothly merge with the flow F1 along the main surface 61 downstream of the protruding member 6-1.

[0052] The shape of the second side surface 63, as viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3, remains concave from the first end 6a to the second end 6b. As can be seen from Figures 11 to 13, the depth of the concave shape of the second side surface 63 becomes shallower from the top 6c to the second end 6b. This allows the flow F3 along the second side surface 63 to smoothly merge with the flow F1 along the main surface 61 downstream of the protruding member 6-1.

[0053] 5, the first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 of the protruding member 6-1 are symmetrical with respect to the center line of the protruding member 6-1 that is aligned with the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3. This can improve the flow rate.

[0054] As shown in FIG. 5 , the width of the protruding member 6-1 varies along the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3. The width of the protruding member 6-1 refers to the width of the protruding member 6-1 at the portion closest to the inner circumferential surface 30a of the standpipe 3. In this embodiment, the width of the protruding member 6-1 corresponds to the width of the contact surface 60b of the protruding member 6-1. Between the first end 6a and the second end 6b, the protruding member 6-1 has a first portion 6e, a second portion 6f, and a third portion 6g, where the direction of the width change changes. The first portion 6e is located between the first end 6a and the apex 6c, more specifically, the flat portion 6d. The second portion 6f is located between the apex 6c and the second end 6b. The third portion 6g is located between the second portion 6f and the second end 6b. The width of the protruding member 6-1 increases monotonically from the first end 6a to the first portion 6e. The width of the protruding member 6-1 monotonically decreases from the first portion 6e to the second portion 6f. The width of the protruding member 6-1 monotonically increases from the second portion 6f to the third portion 6g. The width of the protruding member 6-1 monotonically decreases from the third portion 6g to the second end 6b. The width of the protruding member 6-1 is largest at the first portion 6e. As shown in FIG. 7 , the maximum width of the protruding member 6-1 (the width at the first portion 6e) as viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3 is defined as W1. If the inner diameter of the standpipe 3 is d, then 0.5d≦W1≦0.9d holds. Here, if the maximum value of the distance between the first partition wall 64 and the second partition wall 65 as viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3 is W2, then 0.3d≦W2≦0.7d holds. W2≦W1.

[0055] The width of the main surface 61 narrows from the first end 6a to the second end 6b, at least from the first end 6a to the apex 6c. This configuration allows the flows F2 and F3 along the first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 to smoothly merge with the flow F1 along the main surface 61 downstream of the protruding member 6-1. In this embodiment, the width of the main surface 61 decreases monotonically from the first end 6a to the second end 6b.

[0056] The first side surface 62 includes a portion whose width increases from the first end 6 a toward the second end 6 b. More specifically, the portion of the first side surface 62 on the first end 6 a side increases in width from the first end 6 a toward the second end 6 b. This configuration can reduce pressure loss. In this embodiment, the portion of the first side surface 62 on the first end 6 a side includes the portion of the first side surface 62 from the first end 6 a to the flat portion 6 d.

[0057] The second side surface 63 includes a portion whose width increases from the first end 6 a toward the second end 6 b. More specifically, the portion of the second side surface 63 on the first end 6 a side increases in width from the first end 6 a toward the second end 6 b. This configuration can reduce pressure loss. In this embodiment, the portion of the second side surface 63 on the first end 6 a side includes the portion of the second side surface 63 from the first end 6 a to the flat portion 6 d.

[0058] The first separation wall 64 and the second separation wall 65 are formed on a part of the protrusion member 6-1, not on the entirety, in the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3. More specifically, the first separation wall 64 and the second separation wall 65 exist in a predetermined range from the first end 6a along the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3. The predetermined range is the range from the first end 6a to the flat portion 6d.

[0059] The distance between the first separation wall 64 and the second separation wall 65 becomes shorter from the first end 6a toward the second end 6b. This configuration separates the flows F2 and F3 along the first and second side faces 62 and 63 from the flow F1 along the main surface 61 on the upstream side of the protrusion member 6-1, and allows the flows F2 and F3 along the first and second side faces 62 and 63 to smoothly merge with the flow F1 along the main surface 61 on the downstream side of the protrusion member 6-1.

[0060] The heights of the first separation wall 64 and the second separation wall 65 decrease from the first end 6a toward the second end 6b. This configuration separates the flows F2 and F3 along the first and second side faces 62 and 63 from the flow F1 along the main surface 61 on the upstream side of the protrusion member 6-1, and allows the flows F2 and F3 along the first and second side faces 62 and 63 to smoothly merge with the flow F1 along the main surface 61 on the downstream side of the protrusion member 6-1.

[0061] 4 and 11. Let d be the diameter of the riser pipe 3, and L be the distance between the first end 6a and the second end 6b in the direction of the central axis C3 of the riser pipe 3 (i.e., the length of the protrusion member 6-1). It is preferable that 0.5d≦L≦5.0d be satisfied for the protrusion member 6-1. This can further reduce the occurrence of pressure loss due to separation downstream from the bent pipe 15-1. Therefore, the flow rate can be improved while enabling miniaturization.

[0062] See Figure 4. The apex 6c of the protruding member 6-1 is the portion of the piping member 10-1 where the flow path cross-sectional area is smallest. The distance between the first end 6a and the apex 6c in the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3 is defined as L1. In the protruding member 6-1, it is preferable that 0.1L≦L1≦0.5L. This can further reduce the occurrence of pressure loss due to separation downstream from the bent pipe 15-1. Therefore, the flow rate can be improved while enabling miniaturization.

[0063] See Figure 4. The distance between the apex 6c and the second end 6b in the direction of the central axis C3 of the vertical pipe 3 is defined as L2. L2 = L - L1. In the protruding member 6-1, it is preferable that L2 > L1. In other words, it is preferable that the apex 6c is closer to the first end 6a than the second end 6b. This can further reduce the occurrence of pressure loss due to separation downstream from the bent pipe 15-1. Therefore, it is possible to improve the flow rate while enabling miniaturization.

[0064] See Figure 11. When viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3, the distance D1 between the top 6c of the protruding member 6-1 and the second wall surface 30c is desirable. It is preferable that 0.60d≦D1≦0.95d be satisfied for the protruding member 6-1. This can further reduce the occurrence of pressure loss due to separation downstream from the bent pipe 15-1. Therefore, the flow rate can be improved while enabling miniaturization.

[0065] The height of the top 6c of the protruding member 6-1 as viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the upright pipe 3 is defined as H1. H1 is calculated as H1 = d - D1. It is preferable that the protruding member 6-1 has a height of 0.05d≦H1≦0.40d. This can further reduce the occurrence of pressure loss due to separation downstream from the bent pipe 15-1. This can improve the flow rate while enabling miniaturization.

[0066] The maximum flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the riser pipe 3 is defined as A. The maximum flow path cross-sectional area A can be calculated from the inner diameter d of the riser pipe 3. In other words, A = π(d / 2) ２ The cross-sectional area of ​​the protruding member at the top 6c is defined as A1. In the protruding member 6-1, it is preferable that A1 / A≦0.4. This can further reduce the occurrence of pressure loss due to separation downstream from the bent pipe 15-1. Therefore, it is possible to improve the flow rate while enabling miniaturization. The minimum value of the flow path cross-sectional area in the piping member 10-1 is defined as A2. A2 is the flow path cross-sectional area at the top 6c of the protruding member 6-1. A2 is A−A1. It is preferable that the protruding member 6-1 satisfy the relationship 0.6≦A2 / A<1. This can further reduce the occurrence of pressure loss due to separation downstream from the bent pipe 15-1. Therefore, it is possible to improve the flow rate while enabling miniaturization.

[0067] As shown in Figures 4, 6, and 7, the protrusion member 6-1 has a contact end surface 66 at the first end 6a. In this embodiment, the inner diameter of the standpipe 3 is larger than the inner diameter of the bent portion 150 of the bent pipe 15-1. The contact end surface 66 is provided to compensate for the difference in inner diameter between the standpipe 3 and the bent portion 150 of the bent pipe 15-1. As shown in Figure 4, the presence of the contact end surface 66 can reduce the step between the inner circumferential wall surface 150a of the bent portion 150 of the bent pipe 15-1 and the main surface 61 of the protrusion member 6-1. This makes it less likely that the flow of fluid from the bent pipe 15-1 to the piping member 10-1 will be obstructed.

[0068] As shown in FIG. 7 , the protrusion member 6-1 has a protrusion 67. The protrusion 67 is used to connect or position the standpipe 3 and the protrusion member 6-1. The protrusion 67 is arranged on the contact surface 60b. The protrusion 67 is shaped to fit into the recessed portions 3c of the standpipe 3. In this embodiment, the standpipe 3 has a pair of recessed portions 3c on the edge of the upstream end portion 3a. The recessed portions 3c are formed as notches. The protrusion member 6-1 has a pair of protrusions 67 that fit into the pair of recessed portions 3c, respectively. By fitting the pair of protrusions 67 into the pair of recessed portions 3c, the protrusion member 6-1 is positioned relative to the standpipe 3.

[0069] In the piping member 10-1 described above, the protruding member 6-1 is disposed on the inner peripheral surface 30a of the standpipe 3. As a result, the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the piping member 10-1 is not constant, and there is a reduced portion where the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the piping member 10-1 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the standpipe 3. The protruding member 6-1 is located closer to the upstream end 3a of the standpipe 3 than the downstream end 3b of the standpipe 3. In this embodiment, the protruding member 6-1 is located at the upstream end 3a of the standpipe 3. In other words, the protruding member 6-1 reduces the flow path at the upstream end 3a of the standpipe 3 that connects to the bent pipe 15-1.

[0070] The protruding member 6-1 is arranged so as to protrude from a first wall surface 30b on the inner periphery side of the standpipe 3 toward a second wall surface 30c on the outer periphery side of the standpipe 3. The first wall surface 30b is a portion of the inner periphery side of the bent pipe 15-1 on the inner periphery side of the standpipe 3 (for example, half of the inner periphery side). The second wall surface 30c is a portion of the inner periphery side of the bent pipe 15-1 on the inner periphery side of the standpipe 3 (for example, half of the outer periphery side). The inner periphery side 30a is composed of the first wall surface 30b and the second wall surface 30c.

[0071] The protruding member 6-1 described above is located at the end (upstream end 3a) of the first bent pipe 15-1 inside the standpipe 3. In particular, the protruding member 6-1 is located on the inner circumferential side of the first bent pipe 15-1 in the standpipe 3 (left side in FIG. 1 ). In the protruding member 6-1, the apex 6c is closer to the first end 6a than the second end 6b, and the first end 6a is closer to the first bent pipe 15-1 than the second end 6b. In the protruding member 6-1, a fluid flow occurs from the first end 6a to the second end 6b. That is, in the protruding member 6-1, the first end 6a is the upstream end in the flow direction of the fluid flowing through the standpipe 3, and the second end 6b is the downstream end in the flow direction of the fluid flowing through the standpipe 3.

[0072] As described above, the protrusion member 6-1 has a surface 60a that can come into contact with the fluid flowing through the upright pipe 3, and causes flows along the surface 60a (a flow F1 along the main surface 61, a flow F2 along the first side surface 62, and a flow F3 along the second side surface 63). Here, the longer the distance that the flows (F1, F2, F3) travel along the surface 60a, the more likely it is that pressure loss due to separation will be reduced, and therefore the flow rate can be improved. In order to increase the distance that the flows (F1, F2, F3) travel along the surface 60a, it is conceivable to extend the range in the length direction of the protrusion member 6-1 where the turbulent boundary layer is maintained without separation on the surface 60a.

[0073] 5, in the protrusion member 6-1, the surface 60a includes a hydrophilic region 600. The regions of the surface 60a other than the hydrophilic region 600 are less hydrophilic than the hydrophilic region 600. In FIG. 5, the hydrophilic region 600 is shown with dotted shading simply for ease of understanding.

[0074] At least a portion of the hydrophilic region 600 is located between the apex 6c and the downstream end (second end 6b). In the protrusion member 6-1, the entire hydrophilic region 600 is located between the apex 6c and the downstream end (second end 6b). In other words, the hydrophilic region 600 is not located between the upstream end (first end 6a) and the apex 6c.

[0075] In the protrusion member 6-1, the upstream end (first end 6a) is on the upper side, and the downstream end (second end 6b) is on the lower side. Therefore, the area of ​​the surface 60a between the apex 6c and the downstream end (second end 6b) faces downward. Therefore, when a fluid flows along the surface 60a, gravity causes the fluid to move away from the surface 60a. However, the presence of the hydrophilic region 600 can attract the fluid to the surface 60a, reducing separation of the turbulent boundary layer.

[0076] The hydrophilic region 600 may be located between the apex 6c and the downstream end (second end 6b). In the protrusion member 6-1, the hydrophilic region 600 preferably occupies 70% or more of the area on the surface 60a between the apex 6c and the downstream end. In other words, the area of ​​the hydrophilic region 600 may be 70% or more of the area on the surface 60a between the apex 6c and the downstream end. In this embodiment, the hydrophilic region 600 occupies 100% of the area on the surface 60a between the apex 6c and the downstream end (second end 6b). This allows the fluid to travel a longer distance along the surface 60a of the protrusion member 6-1, thereby improving the flow rate.

[0077] The hydrophilic region 600 preferably extends from the apex 6c to the downstream end (second end 6b) in the flow direction. This allows the fluid to travel a longer distance along the surface 60a of the protrusion member 6-1, improving the flow rate. In this embodiment, the hydrophilic region 600 exists across the entire protrusion member 6-1 in the width direction. In other words, the hydrophilic region 600 exists across the entire main surface 61, first side surface 62, and second side surface 63.

[0078] The contact angle of the hydrophilic region 600 is 80° or less. This allows the fluid to travel a longer distance along the surface 60a of the protrusion member 6-1, improving the flow rate. The contact angle is defined as the angle between the liquid surface and the solid surface (taking the angle inside the liquid), and the smaller the contact angle, the higher the hydrophilicity (lower water repellency), and the larger the contact angle, the lower the hydrophilicity (higher water repellency).

[0079] The hydrophilic region 600 can be realized using, for example, a hydrophilic material. Specifically, at least the portion of the surface 60a corresponding to the hydrophilic region 600 can be made of a hydrophilic material. Examples of hydrophilic materials include, but are not limited to, hydrophilic resins such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or hydrophilic coating agents such as polymer-based coatings, and any well-known hydrophilic material can be used. In this case, the material of the protruding member 6-1 may be a hydrophilic material, or the protruding member 6-1 may be coated with a hydrophilic material.

[0080] The hydrophilic region 600 may have a hydrophilic structure.

[0081] FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram of an example of a hydrophilic structure. In FIG. 14, the hydrophilic structure includes a plurality of recesses 610. The recesses 610 extend along the flow direction F0. The flow direction F0 corresponds to the length direction of the protrusion member 6-1. The width W610 of the plurality of recesses 610 is the range in which capillary action of water occurs. The range in which capillary action of water occurs has a width W610 on the order of nanometers, for example, in the range of 10 nm to several hundred nm. The recesses 610 are rectangular when viewed from the flow direction F0. In other words, the hydrophilic structure includes a plurality of protrusions 611. The protrusions 611 extend along the flow direction F0. The plurality of protrusions 611 are arranged at a predetermined interval (the width W610 of the recesses 610) in a direction intersecting the flow direction F0. The direction intersecting the flow direction F0 corresponds to the width direction of the protrusion member 6-1. The predetermined interval is the range in which capillary action of water occurs.

[0082] Such a hydrophilic structure can increase the distance that the fluid travels along the surface 60a of the protrusion member 6-1, thereby improving the flow rate. The hydrophilic structure may be a structure that improves the surface smoothness of the surface 60a. This also improves the hydrophilicity. Note that the hydrophilic structure can also be achieved by processing to form recesses 610 that cause the capillary phenomenon of water, processing to improve the surface smoothness, or attaching a film that has been processed in this way.

[0083] The presence of the hydrophilic region 600 on the surface 60a of the protruding member 6-1 allows the fluid to travel a longer distance along the surface 60a of the protruding member 6-1, thereby improving the flow rate.

[0084] FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of the piping member 10-2. The protruding member 6-2 of the piping member 10-3 has the same shape as the protruding member 6-1. The protruding member 6-2 is located at the end (downstream end 7b) of the second bent pipe 15-2 inside the standpipe 7. In particular, the protruding member 6-2 is located on the inner circumferential side of the second bent pipe 15-2 in the standpipe 7. In the protruding member 6-2, the first end 6a is closer to the second bent pipe 15-2 than the second end 6b. In the protruding member 6-2, a fluid flow occurs from the second end 6b toward the first end 6a. That is, in the protruding member 6-2, the second end 6b is the upstream end in the flow direction of the fluid flowing through the standpipe 7, and the first end 6a is the downstream end in the flow direction of the fluid flowing through the standpipe 7.

[0085] As shown in Figure 15, the surface 60a of the protrusion member 6-2 also includes a hydrophilic region 600 having hydrophilic properties. In Figure 15, the hydrophilic region 600 is shown with dotted shading simply for ease of understanding. At least a portion of the hydrophilic region 600 is located between the apex 6c and the downstream end (first end 6a). In the protrusion member 6-2, the entire hydrophilic region 600 is located between the apex 6c and the downstream end (first end 6a). In other words, the hydrophilic region 600 is not located between the upstream end (second end 6b) and the apex 6c.

[0086] In the protrusion member 6-2, the upstream end (second end 6b) is on the upper side, and the downstream end (first end 6a) is on the lower side. Therefore, the area of ​​the surface 60a between the apex 6c and the downstream end (first end 6a) faces downward. Therefore, when a fluid flows along the surface 60a, gravity causes the fluid to move away from the surface 60a. However, the presence of the hydrophilic region 600 can attract the fluid to the surface 60a, reducing separation of the turbulent boundary layer.

[0087] The hydrophilic region 600 may be located between the apex 6c and the downstream end (first end 6a). In the protrusion member 6-2, the hydrophilic region 600 preferably occupies 70% or more of the area on the surface 60a between the apex 6c and the downstream end. In this embodiment, the hydrophilic region 600 occupies 100% of the area on the surface 60a between the apex 6c and the downstream end. This allows the fluid to travel a longer distance along the surface 60a of the protrusion member 6-2, thereby improving the flow rate.

[0088] The hydrophilic region 600 preferably extends from the apex 6c to the downstream end (first end 6a) in the flow direction. This allows the fluid to travel a longer distance along the surface 60a of the protrusion member 6-2, improving the flow rate. In this embodiment, the hydrophilic region 600 extends across the entire width of the protrusion member 6-2.

[0089] Other configurations (contact angle, material, hydrophilic structure, etc.) of the hydrophilic region 600 of the protruding member 6-2 may be similar to those of the hydrophilic region 600 of the protruding member 6-1.

[0090] FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view of the piping member 10-3. The protruding member 6-3 of the piping member 10-3 has the same shape as the protruding member 6-1. The protruding member 6-3 is located at the end (upstream end 4a) of the horizontal pipe 4 on the second bent pipe 15-2 side. In particular, the protruding member 6-3 is located on the inner periphery of the second bent pipe 15-2 in the horizontal pipe 4. In the protruding member 6-3, the first end 6a is closer to the second bent pipe 15-2 than the second end 6b. In the protruding member 6-3, a fluid flow occurs from the first end 6a to the second end 6b. That is, in the protruding member 6-3, the first end 6a is the upstream end in the flow direction of the fluid flowing through the horizontal pipe 4, and the second end 6b is the downstream end in the flow direction of the fluid flowing through the horizontal pipe 4.

[0091] As shown in Figure 16, the surface 60a of the protrusion member 6-3 also includes a hydrophilic region 600 having hydrophilic properties. In Figure 16, the hydrophilic region 600 is shown with dotted shading simply for ease of understanding. At least a portion of the hydrophilic region 600 is located between the apex 6c and the downstream end (second end 6b). In the protrusion member 6-3, the entire hydrophilic region 600 is located between the apex 6c and the downstream end (second end 6b). In other words, the hydrophilic region 600 is not located between the upstream end (first end 6a) and the apex 6c.

[0092] In the protrusion member 6-3, the entire surface 60a faces downward. Therefore, the region of the surface 60a between the apex 6c and the downstream end (second end 6b) also faces downward. Therefore, when a fluid flows along the surface 60a, gravity causes the fluid to move away from the surface 60a. However, the presence of the hydrophilic region 600 can attract the fluid to the surface 60a, reducing separation of the turbulent boundary layer.

[0093] The hydrophilic region 600 may be located between the apex 6c and the downstream end (second end 6b). In the protrusion member 6-3, the hydrophilic region 600 preferably occupies 70% or more of the area on the surface 60a between the apex 6c and the downstream end. In this embodiment, the hydrophilic region 600 occupies 100% of the area on the surface 60a between the apex 6c and the downstream end. This allows the fluid to travel a longer distance along the surface 60a of the protrusion member 6-3, thereby improving the flow rate.

[0094] The hydrophilic region 600 preferably extends from the apex 6c to the downstream end (second end 6b) in the flow direction. This allows the fluid to travel a longer distance along the surface 60a of the protrusion member 6-3, improving the flow rate. In this embodiment, the hydrophilic region 600 extends across the entire width of the protrusion member 6-3.

[0095] Other configurations (contact angle, material, hydrophilic structure, etc.) of the hydrophilic region 600 of the protruding member 6-3 may be similar to those of the hydrophilic region 600 of the protruding member 6-1.

[0096] Next, the function of the protruding member 6-1 in the piping member 10-1 will be described. The protruding member 6-1 is disposed inside the standpipe 3, which is disposed downstream of the bent pipe 15-1. The bent pipe 15-1 directs water flowing in from the horizontal pipe 4 into the standpipe 3. If the direction of water flow changes significantly in the bent pipe 15-1, pressure loss due to separation can be one factor in reducing the flow rate.

[0097] FIG. 17 is a diagram of a simulation of pressure distribution in a comparative piping member 100. The comparative piping member 100 differs from the piping member 10-1 in that it does not have the protruding member 6-1. In FIG. 17, darker colors indicate lower pressure. In particular, the pressure loss is large at the portion indicated by R in FIG. 17, and the presence of such a portion can be a major factor in reducing the flow rate. The pressure loss at the portion indicated by R in FIG. 17 is believed to be due to peeling. This peeling occurs when water separates from the first wall surface 30b of the piping member 100 downstream of the inner wall surface 150a of the bent pipe 15-1. That is, as indicated by arrow F in FIG. 17, water flowing in from the upstream side initially flows along the pipe wall 200, but after reaching the inner wall surface 150a of the bent pipe 15-1, it may separate from the first wall surface 30b of the piping member 100. This type of peeling is particularly noticeable when the water flow velocity is high. The faster the flow velocity, the wider the area where pressure loss occurs.

[0098] In this embodiment, the piping member 10-1 includes a protruding member 6-1. The presence of the protruding member 6-1 is expected to (1) allow water to flow more easily along the pipe wall than without the protruding member 6-1, and (2) reduce the number of areas where pressure loss may occur. Therefore, the protruding member 6-1 can reduce pressure loss due to separation downstream from the bent pipe 15-1, thereby improving the flow rate. Unlike the technology described in Patent Document 1, the piping member 10-1 does not require a large radius of curvature on the inner circumferential surface of the bent pipe 15-1, simply by including the protruding member 6-1, thereby enabling miniaturization. Therefore, the protruding member 6-1 can improve the flow rate while enabling miniaturization. The protruding member 6-1 is located inside the upright pipe 3, making it less noticeable when viewed from the perspective of the piping system 1 as a whole. This is expected to improve the aesthetic appearance of the piping system 1 as a whole.

[0099] In the piping system 1, there is an area downstream of the bent pipe 15-2 where pressure loss due to separation is likely to occur. The protruding member 6-2 is located at the end of the standpipe 7 on the bent pipe 15-2 side (downstream end 7b). In particular, the protruding member 6-2 is located on the inner circumferential side of the standpipe 7 (right side in FIG. 1 ) of the bent pipe 15-2. In the protruding member 6-2, the apex 6c is closer to the first end 6a than the second end 6b, and the first end 6a is closer to the bent pipe 15-2 than the second end 6b. In the protruding member 6-2, a fluid flow occurs from the second end 6b toward the first end 6a. The presence of the protruding member 6-2 can guide water to the area downstream of the bent pipe 15-2 where pressure loss due to separation is likely to occur. This is expected to reduce the areas where pressure loss may occur. Therefore, the protruding member 6-2 can reduce pressure loss due to separation downstream of the bent pipe 15-2 and improve flow rate. Unlike the technology described in Patent Document 1, the piping member 10-2 does not need to have a large radius of curvature on the inner circumferential surface of the inner periphery of the bent pipe 15-2 simply by including the protruding member 6-2, which allows for miniaturization. Therefore, the protruding member 6-2 can improve the flow rate while enabling miniaturization. The protruding member 6-2 is located inside the standpipe 7, and is therefore inconspicuous when viewed as the piping system 1 as a whole. This is expected to improve the aesthetic appearance of the piping system 1 as a whole.

[0100] In the piping system 1, there is a region downstream of the bent pipe 15-2 where pressure loss due to separation is likely to occur. The protruding member 6-3 is located at the end of the horizontal pipe 4 on the bent pipe 15-2 side (upstream end 4a). In particular, the protruding member 6-3 is located on the inner periphery of the bent pipe 15-2 in the horizontal pipe 4 (upper side in FIG. 1). In the protruding member 6-3, the apex 6c is closer to the first end 6a than the second end 6b, and the first end 6a is closer to the second bent pipe 15-2 than the second end 6b. In the protruding member 6-3, a fluid flow occurs from the second end 6b toward the first end 6a. The presence of the protruding member 6-3 is expected to (1) make water flow more easily along the pipe wall than in the absence of the protruding member 6-3, and (2) reduce the number of areas where pressure loss may occur. Therefore, the protruding member 6-3 can reduce pressure loss due to separation downstream from the bent pipe 15-2, thereby improving the flow rate. Unlike the technology described in Patent Document 1, the piping member 10-3 does not need to have a large radius of curvature on the inner circumferential surface of the inner periphery of the bent pipe 15-2, simply by including the protruding member 6-3, which allows for miniaturization. Therefore, the protruding member 6-3 can improve the flow rate while enabling miniaturization. The protruding member 6-3 is located inside the horizontal pipe 4, and is therefore inconspicuous when viewed from the perspective of the piping system 1 as a whole. This is expected to improve the aesthetic appearance of the piping system 1 as a whole.

[0101] As described above, in the piping system 1, the bent pipes 15-1 and 15-2 can be a cause of pressure loss within the pipeline. When there are multiple bent pipes 15-1 and 15-2 within the pipeline, each bent pipe 15-1 and 15-2 is basically equivalent within the pipeline. The bent pipes 15-1 and 15-2 generally have a loss coefficient of approximately 0.3 to 1.5, depending on their shapes. Here, by arranging the protruding member 6 on either the upstream or downstream side of one of the bent pipes 15-1 and 15-2, the influence of pressure loss caused by one of the bent pipes 15-1 and 15-2 can be reduced. In particular, if the protruding members 6 are arranged on both the upstream and downstream sides of one of the bent pipes 15-1, 15-2, the fluid flows along the protruding members 6 from the upstream side to the downstream side of one of the bent pipes 15-1, 15-2, allowing the fluid to flow smoothly through the curved flow path inside one of the bent pipes 15-1, 15-2, which enables further reduction in pressure loss. Therefore, if the protruding members 6 are arranged on both the upstream and downstream sides of both of the bent pipes 15-1, 15-2, as in the piping system 1, the pressure loss in both of the bent pipes 15-1, 15-2 can be significantly reduced, and the effect of reducing pressure loss can be maximized.

[0102] [1.1.2 Effects, etc.] The protrusion members 6-1 to 6-3 described above are located inside the straight pipe sections (standpipe 3, standpipe 7, horizontal pipe 4) that make up the piping system 1, and partially reduce the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the straight pipe sections (standpipe 3, standpipe 7, horizontal pipe 4). The protrusion members 6-1 to 6-3 each include a top portion 6c that is located between the upstream end (first end 6a of the protrusion members 6-1 and 6-3, second end 6b of the protrusion member 6-2) and the downstream end (second end 6b of the protrusion members 6-1 and 6-3, first end 6a of the protrusion member 6-2) in the flow direction of the fluid flowing through the straight pipe sections (standpipe 3, standpipe 7, horizontal pipe 4) and minimizes the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the straight pipe sections (standpipe 3, standpipe 7, horizontal pipe 4), and a surface 60a that can come into contact with the fluid. The surface 60a includes a hydrophilic region 600 that is hydrophilic. At least a part of the hydrophilic region 600 is located between the apex 6c and the downstream end (the second end 6b of the protruding members 6-1 and 6-3, and the first end 6a of the protruding member 6-2). This configuration can improve the flow rate while enabling miniaturization.

[0103] In the protrusion members 6-1 to 6-3, the hydrophilic region 600 occupies 70% or more of the area between the apex 6c on the surface 60a and the downstream end (the second end 6b of the protrusion members 6-1 and 6-3, and the first end 6a of the protrusion member 6-2). This configuration allows the fluid to travel a longer distance along the surface 60a of the protrusion members 6-1 to 6-3, thereby improving the flow rate.

[0104] In the flow direction of the protrusion members 6-1 to 6-3, the hydrophilic region 600 extends from the apex 6c to the downstream end (the second end 6b of the protrusion members 6-1 and 6-3, and the first end 6a of the protrusion member 6-2). This configuration increases the distance that the fluid travels along the surface 60a of the protrusion members 6-1 to 6-3, thereby improving the flow rate.

[0105] In the protrusion members 6-1 to 6-3, the contact angle of the hydrophilic region 600 is 80° or less. This configuration can increase the distance that the fluid travels along the surface 60a of the protrusion members 6-1 to 6-3, thereby improving the flow rate.

[0106] At least the portions of the surfaces 60a of the protrusion members 6-1 to 6-3 that correspond to the hydrophilic regions 600 are made of a hydrophilic material. This configuration allows the fluid to travel a longer distance along the surfaces 60a of the protrusion members 6-1 to 6-3, improving the flow rate.

[0107] In the protrusion members 6-1 to 6-3, the hydrophilic region 600 has a hydrophilic structure. This configuration allows the fluid to travel a longer distance along the surface 60a of the protrusion members 6-1 to 6-3, thereby improving the flow rate.

[0108] In the protrusion members 6-1 to 6-3, the hydrophilic structure includes a plurality of recesses 610 aligned along the flow direction. The width W610 of the plurality of recesses 610 is the range in which capillary action of water occurs. This configuration increases the distance that the fluid travels along the surface 60a of the protrusion members 6-1 to 6-3, thereby improving the flow rate.

[0109] The piping members 10-1 to 10-3 described above include protruding members 6-1 to 6-3 and straight pipe portions (upright pipe 3, upright pipe 7, horizontal pipe 4). This configuration can improve the flow rate while enabling miniaturization.

[0110] The piping system 1 described above includes one or more protrusion members 6-1 to 6-3, a plurality of straight pipe sections (upright pipe 3, horizontal pipe 4, upright pipe 7), and one or more joints (bent pipes 15-1, 15-2) that connect the plurality of straight pipe sections. The one or more protrusion members 6-1 to 6-3 are located inside one or more corresponding straight pipe sections among the plurality of straight pipe sections, and partially reduce the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the one or more corresponding straight pipe sections. This configuration can improve flow rate while enabling miniaturization.

[0111] In the piping system 1, the multiple straight pipe sections (upright pipe 3, horizontal pipe 4, vertical pipe 7) include, in order from the downstream side, a first straight pipe section (upright pipe 3), a second straight pipe section (horizontal pipe 4), and a third straight pipe section (upright pipe 7). The one or more joints (bent pipes 15-1, 15-2) include a first bent pipe 15-1 connecting the first straight pipe section (upright pipe 3) and the second straight pipe section (horizontal pipe 4), and a second bent pipe 15-2 connecting the second straight pipe section (horizontal pipe 4) and the third straight pipe section (upright pipe 7). One or more protrusion members 6-1 to 6-3 are located at least one of the following locations: end 3a of the first straight pipe section (vertical pipe 3) on the first bent pipe 15-1 side and on the inner periphery of the first bent pipe 15-1; end 7b of the third straight pipe section (vertical pipe 7) on the second bent pipe 15-2 side and on the inner periphery of the second bent pipe 15-2; or end 4a of the second straight pipe section (horizontal pipe 4) on the second bent pipe 15-2 side and on the inner periphery of the second bent pipe 15-2. This configuration can increase the distance that the fluid travels along the surfaces 60a of the protrusion members 6-1 to 6-3, thereby improving the flow rate.

[0112] [1.2 Second Embodiment] [1.2.1 Configuration] Figure 18 is a cross-sectional view of a piping member 10A-1 of a piping system according to a second embodiment. The piping member 10A-1 includes a protrusion member 6A-1. Note that the cross-sectional views taken along lines IX-IX, X-X, XI-XI, XII-XII, and XIII-XIII in Figure 18 are similar to those in Figures 9 to 13.

[0113] Like the protrusion member 6-1, the protrusion member 6A-1 is located at the end (upstream end 3a) on the first bent pipe 15-1 side inside the standpipe 3, with the apex 6c closer to the first end 6a than to the second end 6b, and the first end 6a closer to the first bent pipe 15-1 than to the second end 6b. The protrusion member 6A-1 also generates a fluid flow from the first end 6a to the second end 6b. In the protrusion member 6A-1, the first end 6a is the upstream end in the flow direction of the fluid flowing through the standpipe 3, and the second end 6b is the downstream end in the flow direction of the fluid flowing through the standpipe 3.

[0114] In the protrusion member 6A-1, the surface 60a includes a hydrophilic region 600 having water-repellent properties, similar to the protrusion member 6-1. In Fig. 18, the hydrophilic region 600 is shown with dotted shading simply for ease of understanding. In this embodiment, the entire surface 60a is the hydrophilic region 600. Therefore, the hydrophilic region 600 is located between the upstream end (first end 6a) and the apex 6c, and between the apex 6c and the downstream end (second end 6b).

[0115] The hydrophilic region 600 preferably occupies 70% or more of the area on the surface 60a between the upstream end (first end 6a) and the apex 6c. In this embodiment, the hydrophilic region 600 occupies 100% of the area on the surface 60a between the upstream end (first end 6a) and the apex 6c. This allows the fluid to travel a longer distance along the surface 60a of the protrusion member 6A-1, thereby improving the flow rate.

[0116] The hydrophilic region 600 preferably extends from the upstream end (first end 6a) to the apex 6c in the flow direction. This allows the fluid to travel a longer distance along the surface 60a of the protrusion member 6A-1, improving the flow rate. In this embodiment, the hydrophilic region 600 is present across the entire width of the protrusion member 6A-1.

[0117] The hydrophilic region 600 preferably occupies 70% or more of the area on the surface 60a between the apex 6c and the downstream end (second end 6b). In this embodiment, the hydrophilic region 600 occupies 100% of the area on the surface 60a between the apex 6c and the downstream end (second end 6b). This allows the fluid to travel a longer distance along the surface 60a of the protrusion member 6A-1, thereby improving the flow rate.

[0118] The hydrophilic region 600 preferably extends from the apex 6c to the downstream end (second end 6b) in the flow direction. This allows the fluid to travel a longer distance along the surface 60a of the protrusion member 6A-1, improving the flow rate. In this embodiment, the hydrophilic region 600 extends across the entire width of the protrusion member 6A-1.

[0119] [1.2.2 Effects, etc.] In the protrusion member 6A-1 described above, the hydrophilic region 600 is located between the upstream end (first end 6a) and the apex 6c, and between the apex 6c and the downstream end (second end 6b). This allows the fluid to travel a longer distance along the surface 60a of the protrusion member 6A-1, thereby improving the flow rate.

[0120] In the protrusion member 6-2, the second end 6b is the upstream end in the flow direction of the fluid flowing through the corresponding straight pipe section (upright pipe 7), and the first end 6a is the downstream end in the flow direction of the fluid flowing through the straight pipe section (upright pipe 7). In the protrusion member 6-3, the first end 6a is the upstream end in the flow direction of the fluid flowing through the corresponding straight pipe section (horizontal pipe 4), and the second end 6b is the downstream end in the flow direction of the fluid flowing through the straight pipe section (horizontal pipe 4). In the protrusion members 6-2 and 6-3, the hydrophilic region 600 may also be located between the upstream end and the apex 6c and between the apex 6c and the downstream end. In particular, in the protrusion member 6-3, the entire surface 60a faces downward. Therefore, the region of the surface 60a between the upstream end (first end 6a) and the apex 6c also faces downward. Therefore, even in the region between the upstream end (first end 6 a) and the apex 6 c, when a fluid flows along the surface 60 a, the fluid tends to move away from the surface 60 a due to gravity. However, the presence of the hydrophilic region 600 can attract the fluid to the surface 60 a, thereby reducing separation of the turbulent boundary layer.

[0121] [1.3 Third Embodiment] [1.3.1 Configuration] Figure 19 is a cross-sectional view of a piping member 10B-1 of a piping system according to a third embodiment. The piping member 10B-1 includes a protrusion member 6B-1. Note that the cross-sectional views taken along lines IX-IX, X-X, XI-XI, XII-XII, and XIII-XIII in Figure 19 are similar to those in Figures 9 to 13.

[0122] Like the protrusion member 6-1, the protrusion member 6B-1 is located at the end (upstream end 3a) on the first bent pipe 15-1 side inside the standpipe 3, with the apex 6c closer to the first end 6a than to the second end 6b, and the first end 6a closer to the first bent pipe 15-1 than to the second end 6b. The protrusion member 6B-1 also generates a fluid flow from the first end 6a to the second end 6b. In the protrusion member 6B-1, the first end 6a is the upstream end in the flow direction of the fluid flowing through the standpipe 3, and the second end 6b is the downstream end in the flow direction of the fluid flowing through the standpipe 3.

[0123] In the protrusion member 6B-1, the surface 60a includes a hydrophilic region 600 having hydrophilic properties and a water-repellent region 601 having water-repellent properties. In Fig. 19, simply for ease of understanding, the hydrophilic region 600 and the water-repellent region 601 are shown with different types of dot shading.

[0124] The hydrophilic region 600 is located between the apex 6c and the downstream end (second end 6b). In the protrusion member 6B-1, the hydrophilic region 600 preferably occupies 70% or more of the area on the surface 60a between the apex 6c and the downstream end. In this embodiment, the hydrophilic region 600 occupies 100% of the area on the surface 60a between the apex 6c and the downstream end (second end 6b). The hydrophilic region 600 extends from the apex 6c to the downstream end (second end 6b) in the flow direction. In this embodiment, the hydrophilic region 600 is present across the entire width of the protrusion member 6B-1.

[0125] The water-repellent region 601 is located between the upstream end (first end 6a) and the apex 6c. In the protrusion member 6B-1, the entire water-repellent region 601 is located between the upstream end (first end 6a) and the apex 6c.

[0126] When a fluid flows along the surface 60a, vortices are generated within the fluid. By separating these vortices from the surface 60a, separation of the turbulent boundary layer can be reduced. In particular, in the protrusion member 6B-1, the upstream end (first end 6a) is on the upper side, and the downstream end (second end 6b) is on the lower side. Therefore, the area of ​​the surface 60a between the upstream end (first end 6a) and the apex 6c faces upward. Therefore, when a fluid flows along the surface 60a, gravity presses the fluid toward the surface 60a. This causes vortices within the fluid to approach the surface 60a. However, the presence of the water-repellent region 601 allows the vortices to be separated from the surface 60a, thereby reducing separation of the turbulent boundary layer.

[0127] The water-repellent region 601 preferably occupies 70% or more of the area between the upstream end of the surface 60a and the apex 6c. In other words, the area of ​​the water-repellent region 601 may be 70% or more of the area of ​​the area between the upstream end of the surface 60a and the apex 6c. In this embodiment, the water-repellent region 601 occupies 100% of the area between the upstream end (first end 6a) of the surface 60a and the apex 6c. This allows the distance along which the fluid travels along the surface 60a of the protrusion member 6B-1 to be longer, thereby improving the flow rate.

[0128] The water-repellent region 601 preferably extends from the upstream end (first end 6a) to the apex 6c in the flow direction. This increases the distance that the fluid travels along the surface 60a of the protrusion member 6B-1, thereby improving the flow rate. In this embodiment, the water-repellent region 601 exists across the entire width of the protrusion member 6B-1. In other words, the water-repellent region 601 exists across the entire main surface 61, first side surface 62, and second side surface 63.

[0129] The contact angle of the water-repellent region 601 is 90° or more, which increases the distance that the fluid travels along the surface 60a of the protruding member 6B-1, thereby improving the flow rate.

[0130] The water-repellent region 601 can be realized using, for example, a water-repellent material. Specifically, at least the portion of the surface 60a that corresponds to the water-repellent region 601 can be made of a water-repellent material. Examples of the water-repellent material include, but are not limited to, fluororesin and fluorine-coated resin, and any well-known water-repellent material may be used.

[0131] The water-repellent area 601 may have a water-repellent structure.

[0132] FIG. 20 is an explanatory diagram of a first example of a water-repellent structure. In the first example, the water-repellent structure includes a plurality of protrusions 620. The protrusions 620 extend along the flow direction F0. The flow direction F0 corresponds to the length direction of the protrusion member 6B-1. The plurality of protrusions 620 are arranged at predetermined intervals in a direction intersecting the flow direction F0. The direction intersecting the flow direction F0 corresponds to the width direction of the protrusion member 6B-1. The arithmetic mean roughness of the water-repellent structure is 2 or more and 100 or less. The protrusions 620 are triangular when viewed from the flow direction F0. As an example, the base W620 of the protrusions 620 is 10 μm or more and 500 μm or less, the height H620 of the protrusions 620 is 10 μm or more and 500 μm or less, and the predetermined interval D620 is 10 μm or more and 2000 μm or less.

[0133] FIG. 21 is an explanatory diagram of a second example of a water-repellent structure. In the second example, the water-repellent structure includes a plurality of protrusions 630. The protrusions 630 extend along the flow direction F0. The flow direction F0 corresponds to the length direction of the protrusion member 6B-1. The plurality of protrusions 630 are arranged at predetermined intervals in a direction intersecting the flow direction F0. The direction intersecting the flow direction F0 corresponds to the width direction of the protrusion member 6B-1. The arithmetic mean roughness of the water-repellent structure is 2 or more and 100 or less. The protrusions 630 are rectangular or square when viewed from the flow direction F0. As an example, the width W630 of the protrusions 630 is 10 μm or more and 500 μm or less, the height H630 of the protrusions 630 is 10 μm or more and 500 μm or less, and the predetermined interval D630 is 10 μm or more and 2000 μm or less.

[0134] Such a water-repellent structure can increase the distance that the fluid travels along the surface 60a of the protrusion member 6B-1, thereby improving the flow rate. The water-repellent structure shown in Figures 20 and 21 is called a riblet, and can be formed by riblet processing. The water-repellent structure is not limited to riblets. The water-repellent structure can also be achieved by blast processing or by attaching a processed film.

[0135] The water-repellent region 601 on the surface 60a of the protruding member 6B-1 allows the fluid to travel a longer distance along the surface 60a of the protruding member 6B-1, thereby improving the flow rate.

[0136] [1.3.2 Effects, etc.] In the protrusion member 6B-1 described above, the surface 60a includes a water-repellent region 601 that has water-repellent properties. The water-repellent region 601 is located between the upstream end (first end 6a) and the apex 6c. This configuration can increase the distance that the fluid travels along the surface 60a of the protrusion member 6B-1, thereby improving the flow rate.

[0137] In the protrusion member 6-2, the second end 6b is the upstream end in the flow direction of the fluid flowing through the corresponding straight pipe section (upright pipe 7), and the first end 6a is the downstream end in the flow direction of the fluid flowing through the straight pipe section (upright pipe 7). In the protrusion member 6-3, the first end 6a is the upstream end in the flow direction of the fluid flowing through the corresponding straight pipe section (horizontal pipe 4), and the second end 6b is the downstream end in the flow direction of the fluid flowing through the straight pipe section (horizontal pipe 4). In the protrusion members 6-2 and 6-3, the surface 60a may also include a water-repellent region 601 between the upstream end and the apex 6c. In particular, in the protrusion member 6-2, the region of the surface 60a between the upstream end (second end 6b) and the apex 6c faces upward. Therefore, in the region between the upstream end (second end 6b) and the apex 6c, when a fluid flows along the surface 60a, the fluid is pressed against the surface 60a by gravity. However, the presence of the water-repellent region 601 can move vortices in the fluid away from the surface 60a, reducing separation of the turbulent boundary layer.

[0138] It should be noted that an intermediate region may be present between the hydrophilic region 600 and the water-repellent region 601. The intermediate region is less hydrophilic than the hydrophilic region 600 and less water-repellent than the water-repellent region 601. As an example, the contact angle of the intermediate region is in the range of greater than 80° and less than 90°.

[0139] [2. Modifications] The embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the above-described embodiments. The above-described embodiments can be modified in various ways depending on the design, etc., as long as the object of the present disclosure can be achieved. Modifications of the above-described embodiments are listed below. The modifications described below can be applied in appropriate combinations.

[0140] In the following, reference will be made to the symbols used in embodiment 1, even though they are applicable to both embodiment 1 and embodiment 2. However, this is merely to simplify the description and is not intended to exclude application to embodiment 2.

[0141] [2.1 Modification 1] FIG. 22 is a schematic diagram of a piping member 10C-1 of a piping system according to Modification 1. As shown in FIG.

[0142] The piping member 10C-1 is formed using a portion of a standpipe 3C. The standpipe 3C is formed from multiple piping members. The standpipe 3C includes straight pipe sections 31 and 32 and a connecting joint 33 that connects the straight pipe sections 31 and 32 together. The straight pipe section 31 is the downstream section of the standpipe 3C, and the straight pipe section 32 is the upstream section of the standpipe 3C. In this modification, the straight pipe section 31 is longer than the straight pipe section 32. The first end (upper end in FIG. 22 ) of the straight pipe section 32 defines the upstream end section 3a of the standpipe 3C, the second end (lower end in FIG. 22 ) of the straight pipe section 32 is connected to the first end (upper end in FIG. 22 ) of the straight pipe section 31 via the connecting joint 33, and the second end (lower end in FIG. 22 ) of the straight pipe section 31 defines the downstream end section 3b of the standpipe 3C. As an example, the straight pipe sections 31, 32 and the connecting joint 33 are made of rigid polyvinyl chloride. The dimensions of the straight pipe sections 31, 32, such as the outer diameter and thickness, may be set in accordance with the standard for rigid polyvinyl chloride pipe (general) in JIS K 6741 "Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe." The dimensions of the connecting joint 33, such as the outer diameter and thickness, may be set in accordance with the standard for sockets in JIS K 6739 "Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe Joints for Drainage."

[0143] The protruding member 6C-1, together with the straight pipe portion 32 on which the protruding member 6C-1 is disposed, constitutes the piping member 10C-1. Unlike the piping member 10-1 which uses the entire vertical pipe 3C, the piping member 10C-1 is made up of only a portion (straight pipe portion 32) of the vertical pipe 3C, and is therefore easier to transport than the piping member 10-1.

[0144] 23 is an exploded perspective view of the piping member 10C-1, which includes the straight pipe portion 32 of the vertical pipe 3C and a protruding member 6C-1.

[0145] The protruding member 6C-1 has a size, ie, a length, width, and height (thickness), that allows it to be placed inside the straight pipe portion 32 of the vertical pipe 3C.

[0146] Fig. 24 is a cross-sectional view of the piping member 10C-1. Fig. 25 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB in Fig. 24. Fig. 26 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the piping member 10C-1, Fig. 27 is a plan view of the piping member 10C-1, and Fig. 28 is a bottom view of the piping member 10C-1.

[0147] As can be seen from Figures 24 to 28, the protrusion member 6C-1 has the same shape as the protrusion member 6-1 on the first end 6a side. However, unlike the protrusion member 6-1, the protrusion member 6C-1 has an end face 68 on the second end 6b. The end face 68 intersects with the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3C. In this modification, the end face 68 is perpendicular to the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3C.

[0148] As shown in Figure 24, the protruding member 6C-1 fits within the straight pipe portion 32 in the direction of the central axis C3 of the upright pipe 3C. In this modification, the length of the protruding member 6C-1 (the distance between the first end 6a and the second end 6b) is equal to the length of the straight pipe portion 32. In other words, in the piping member 10C-1, the entire protruding member 6C-1 is located within the straight pipe portion 32. This allows the protruding member 6C-1 to be protected by the straight pipe portion 32, compared to when the protruding member 6C-1 is partially protruding from the straight pipe portion 32. This reduces the possibility of damage to the protruding member 6C-1.

[0149] FIG. 29 is a comparison diagram between the protrusion member 6C-1 according to this modification and the protrusion member 6-1 according to the first embodiment. From FIG. 29, it can be seen that the protrusion member 6C-1 has a shape in which the portion of the protrusion member 6C-1 on the second end 6b side is cut in a direction perpendicular to the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3C. The height of the protrusion member 6C-1 monotonically decreases from the top 6c toward the second end 6b. If the length of the protrusion member 6C-1 were extended downstream, the protrusion member 6C-1 would virtually have a portion where the height of the protrusion member 6C-1 becomes zero. This portion where the height of the protrusion member 6C-1 becomes zero would correspond to the second end 6b of the protrusion member 6C-1.

[0150] The dimension of the protrusion member 6C-1 in the direction of the central axis C3 of the upright pipe 3C can be made smaller than that of the protrusion member 6C-1. In particular, the protrusion member 6C-1 has a shape in which the portion of the protrusion member 6C-1 on the second end 6b side that protrudes from the straight pipe section 32 to the outside is cut off. In other words, when the protrusion member 6C-1 is placed in the straight pipe section 32, the portion of the protrusion member 6C-1 on the second end 6b side protrudes outward from the second end of the straight pipe section 32. The second end 6b of the protrusion member 6C-1 is thin and therefore easily damaged. Therefore, when the protrusion member 6C-1 is placed in the straight pipe section 32, there is a possibility that the protrusion member 6C-1 will be damaged during transportation, etc. In contrast, because the entire protrusion member 6C-1 is located within the straight pipe section 32, the possibility of damage to the protrusion member 6C-1 can be reduced.

[0151] The protrusion member 6C-1 has the advantage of being able to reduce the dimension of the upright pipe 3C in the direction of the central axis C3 compared to the protrusion member 6-1, thereby preventing breakage. Such a change in shape between the protrusion member 6C-1 and the protrusion member 6-1 can also cause a change in pressure loss. Therefore, the change in pressure loss due to the difference in shape between the protrusion member 6C-1 and the protrusion member 6C-1 was evaluated. Figure 30 is a graph showing the change in pressure loss due to the protrusion member 6C-1 compared to the protrusion member 6-1.

[0152] 30, the vertical axis represents pressure loss in the piping member, and the horizontal axis represents length percentage [%]. The length percentage [%] is the percentage of the distance from the apex 6c to the second end 6b of the protruding member 6C-1 relative to the distance from the apex 6c to the second end 6b of the protruding member 6-1.

[0153] 24 and 29, the distance between the first end 6a and the second end 6b of the protruding member 6C-1 in the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3C is represented by L'. The distance between the top 6c and the second end 6b of the protruding member 6C-1 in the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3C is represented by L2'. In FIG. 29, the distance between the second end 6b of the protruding member 6C-1 in the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3C and the second end 6b of the protruding member 6-1 in the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3C is represented by ΔL. L2 = L2' + ΔL, and L = L' + ΔL. The length percentage [%] is calculated by L2' / L2 x 100.

[0154] In FIG. 30, a length ratio of 100% indicates that the shape of the protruding member 6C-1 is identical to the shape of the protruding member 6-1. A length ratio of 0% indicates that the shape of the protruding member 6C-1 extends from the first end 6a to the apex 6c. The height of the protruding member 6C-1 monotonically decreases from the apex 6c to the second end 6b. Therefore, as the length ratio decreases, the height of the protruding member 6C-1 at the second end 6b increases. From FIG. 30, it can be seen that the effect of reducing pressure loss decreases as the length ratio decreases. However, the relationship between the length ratio and pressure loss is not linear; pressure loss increases exponentially with decreasing length ratio. In other words, the increase in pressure loss with decreasing length ratio is relatively gradual. In other words, it can be said that the decrease in the effect of reducing pressure loss with decreasing length ratio is limited. Taking these points into consideration, L2' is set to satisfy the following condition. That is, if the height of the protruding member 6C-1 at the top 6c is H1 and the height of the protruding member 6C-1 at the second end 6b is H2, then 0.05H1≦H2≦0.90H1. This allows for an improvement in flow rate while enabling miniaturization. In particular, the length of the protruding member 6C-1 can be made shorter than that of the protruding member 6-1. This allows for miniaturization of the protruding member 6C-1. Furthermore, compared to the protruding member 6-1, the protruding member 6C-1 has fewer thin portions downstream of the protruding member 6C-1, which may reduce the possibility of breakage of the protruding member 6C-1.

[0155] As described in the first embodiment, it is preferable that the protrusion member 6-1 satisfy the relationship 0.5d≦L≦5.0d. This can further reduce pressure loss due to separation downstream from the bent pipe 15-1. Therefore, the flow rate can be improved while still enabling miniaturization. As described above, L = L1 + L2' + ΔL. If the reduction in height of the protrusion member 6-1 from the top 6c to the second end 6b per unit length is constant, then (H1-H2) / L2' = H2 / ΔL. In other words, ΔL = H2 / (H1-H2) × L2'. Therefore, the equation 0.5d≦L≦5.0d can be rewritten using L1 and L2' as 0.5d≦L1+H1 / (H1-H2) × L2'≦5.0d. Therefore, in the protrusion member 6C-1, if the inner diameter of the straight pipe section 32 is d, the distance between the first end 6a and the top 6c in the direction of the central axis C3 of the straight pipe section 32 is L1, and the distance between the top 6c and the second end 6b in the direction of the central axis C3 of the straight pipe section 32 is L2', then it is preferable that 0.5d≦L1+H1 / (H1-H2)×L2'≦5.0d.

[0156] The protrusion member 6C-1 described above has a top portion 6c between the first end 6a and the second end 6b that minimizes the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the straight pipe portion 32. The protrusion member 6C-1 has an end face 68 at the second end 6b that intersects with the central axis C3 of the straight pipe portion 32. If the height at the top portion 6c is H1 and the height at the second end 6b is H2, then 0.05H1≦H2≦0.90H1 is satisfied. This configuration improves the flow rate while enabling miniaturization.

[0157] In the protrusion member 6C-1, if the inner diameter of the straight pipe portion 32 is d, the distance between the first end 6a and the apex 6c in the direction of the central axis C3 of the straight pipe portion 32 is L1, and the distance between the apex 6c and the second end 6b in the direction of the central axis C3 of the straight pipe portion 32 is L2', then 0.5d≦L1+H1 / (H1−H2)×L2′≦5.0d. This configuration can improve the flow rate while enabling miniaturization.

[0158] 25, in the protrusion member 6C-1, the surface 60a includes a hydrophilic region 600. At least a portion of the hydrophilic region 600 is located between the apex 6c and the downstream end (second end 6b).

[0159] 31 is an exploded perspective view of a piping member 10D-1 according to Modification 2. The piping member 10D-1 includes a standpipe 3 and a protruding member 6D-1.

[0160] The protruding member 6D-1 has a size that allows it to be placed inside the standpipe 3, that is, a length, width, and height (thickness).

[0161] Fig. 32 is a cross-sectional view of the piping member 10D-1. Fig. 33 is an enlarged view of P1 in Fig. 32. Fig. 34 is a cross-sectional view taken along line CC in Fig. 32. Fig. 35 is a cross-sectional view in which a portion of the piping member 10D-1 is cut away. Fig. 36 is a bottom view of the piping member 10D-1. Note that the cross-sectional views taken along line IX-IX, line X-X, line XI-XI, line XII-XII, and line XIII-XIII in Fig. 34 are similar to Figs. 9 to 13.

[0162] 32, the height of the protruding member 6D-1 varies along the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3. The protruding member 6D-1 has a top portion 6c and a protruding portion 6h.

[0163] The protruding portion 6h extends from a portion between the top portion 6c and the second end 6b toward the center of the standpipe 3 when viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3. The protruding portion 6h is located at the second end 6b. When viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3, the protruding portion 6h does not protrude beyond the top portion 6c.

[0164] The height of the protruding member 6D-1 increases monotonically from the first end 6a toward the apex 6c. The height of the protruding member 6D-1 decreases monotonically from the apex 6c toward the second end 6b. The height of the protruding member 6D-1 decreases from the apex 6c to the protruding portion 6h, and then increases or decreases in accordance with the shape of the protruding portion 6h. Excluding the protruding portion 6h, the second end 6b has a tapered shape when viewed in the width direction of the protruding member 6D-1. Excluding the protruding portion 6h, the height of the protruding member 6D-1 becomes zero at the second end 6b.

[0165] See Figure 33. If the dimension of the protrusion 6h as viewed in the direction of the central axis C3 of the riser pipe 3 is a and the inner diameter of the riser pipe 3 is d, then 0.01d≦a≦0.05d holds. This allows for an improvement in the flow rate. If the dimension of the protrusion 6h as viewed in the direction of the central axis C3 of the riser pipe 3 is b and the inner diameter of the riser pipe 3 is d, then 0.01d≦b≦0.05d holds. This allows for an improvement in the flow rate.

[0166] In Figure 33, the shape of the protrusion member 6D-1 (hereinafter referred to as the basic shape) when the height of the protrusion member 6D-1 monotonically decreases from the apex 6c toward the second end 6b is shown by a two-dot chain line. The dimensions a and b of the protrusion 6h can be set based on this basic shape. In the basic shape, the second end 6b is tapered when viewed in the width direction of the protrusion member 6D-1. At the second end 6b, the height of the protrusion member 6D-1 becomes zero. The dimension a may be the maximum amount of protrusion from the basic shape. The dimension b may be the distance between the upstream and downstream boundaries of the basic shape and the protrusion 6h.

[0167] In a cross section perpendicular to the width direction of the protruding member 6D-1, the protruding portion 6h includes a curved shape that protrudes toward the second wall surface 30c. This improves the flow rate. From another perspective, the protruding portion 6h may have a shape that protrudes toward the second wall surface 30c so as to generate the Coanda effect. In other words, the protruding portion 6h may be shaped to generate the Coanda effect downstream of the apex 6c. This improves the flow rate. Here, if the radius of curvature of the upstream corner 6h1 and the downstream corner 6h2 of the protruding portion 6h as viewed from the width direction of the protruding member 6D-1 is r, then r≦a or r≦b. Preferably, r≦a and r≦b. The upstream corner 6h1 and the downstream corner 6h2 may have different radii of curvature.

[0168] As shown in Figure 34, the protrusion 6h is located at the second end 6b and is formed across the entire width of the second end 6b.

[0169] 36, at least a part of the protruding portion 6h has a convex shape when viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3. This can contribute to reducing pressure loss in the protruding member 6D-1.

[0170] Referring to FIG. 32, the protrusion member 6D-1 induces a flow F1 along the protrusion member 6D-1, mainly along the main surface 61. The protrusion member 6D-1 has a protrusion 6h in a region between the apex 6c and the second end 6b. Referring to FIG. 33, a flow F4 can occur downstream of the flow F1 along the protrusion 6h. As a result, the path of the flow F1 can be extended compared to when the protrusion 6h is not present. This promotes the Coanda effect by the protrusion member 6D-1, and can improve the flow rate. Furthermore, the protrusion 6h itself generates the Coanda effect, making it easier to induce the flow F4.

[0171] As described above, the protrusion member 6D-1 has the protrusion 6h in the region between the apex 6c and the second end 6b. Compared to when the protrusion 6h is not present, the path of the flow (mainly flow F1) along the protrusion member 6D-1 can be extended. This promotes the Coanda effect of the protrusion member 6D-1, potentially improving the flow rate. Furthermore, the presence of the protrusion 6h makes it possible to improve the strength of the region of the protrusion member 6D-1 between the apex 6c and the second end 6b.

[0172] 34, in the protrusion member 6D-1, the surface 60a includes a hydrophilic region 600. At least a portion of the hydrophilic region 600 is located between the apex 6c and the downstream end (second end 6b) and the apex 6c. The configuration of the protrusion member 6D-1 may also be applied to the protrusion members 6-2 and 6-3.

[0173] The position of the protrusion 6h is not limited to the second end 6b, but may be between the top 6c and the second end 6b. The protrusion member 6D-1 may have a plurality of protrusions 6h between the top 6c and the second end 6b. The protrusions 6h may be formed integrally with the protrusion member 6-1, or may be formed separately and attached.

[0174] 37 is an exploded perspective view of a piping member 10E-1 according to Modification 3. The piping member 10E-1 includes a straight pipe portion 32 of a vertical pipe 3C and a protruding member 6E-1.

[0175] As shown in FIG. 37, the protruding member 6E-1 has a size, ie, a length, width, and height (thickness), that allows it to be placed inside the straight pipe portion 32 of the vertical pipe 3C.

[0176] Fig. 38 is a cross-sectional view of the piping member 10E-1. Fig. 39 is an enlarged view of P2 in Fig. 38. Fig. 40 is a cross-sectional view taken along line DD in Fig. 38. Fig. 41 is a cross-sectional view with a portion of the piping member 10E-1 cut away. Fig. 42 is a bottom view of the piping member 10E-1.

[0177] As can be seen from FIGS. 38 to 42, the protruding member 6E-1 differs from the protruding member 6C-1 in that it is provided with a protruding portion 6h.

[0178] The protrusion 6h extends from a portion between the top 6c and the second end 6b toward the center of the standpipe 3C when viewed in the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3C. The protrusion 6h is located at the second end 6b.

[0179] See Figure 39. If the dimension of the protrusion 6h as viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the riser pipe 3C is a and the inner diameter of the riser pipe 3C is d, then 0.01d ≤ a ≤ 0.05d holds. This allows for an improvement in the flow rate. If the dimension of the protrusion 6h as viewed from the direction of the central axis C3 of the riser pipe 3C is b and the inner diameter of the riser pipe 3C is d, then 0.01d ≤ b ≤ 0.05d holds. This allows for an improvement in the flow rate.

[0180] In Figure 39, the shape of the protrusion member 6E-1 when the height of the protrusion member 6E-1 decreases monotonically from the apex 6c toward the second end 6b (hereinafter referred to as the basic shape) is shown by a two-dot chain line. The dimensions a and b of the protrusion 6h can be set based on this basic shape. The dimension a may be the maximum amount of protrusion from the basic shape. The dimension b may be the distance between the upstream and downstream boundaries of the basic shape and the protrusion 6h.

[0181] 38, like the protruding member 6C-1, the protruding member 6E-1 is contained within the straight pipe portion 32 in the direction of the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3C. The length of the protruding member 6E-1 (the distance between the first end 6a and the second end 6b) is equal to the length of the straight pipe portion 32. In other words, in the piping member 10E-1, the entire protruding member 6E-1 is located within the straight pipe portion 32. This allows the protruding member 6E-1 to be protected by the straight pipe portion 32, compared to when the protruding member 6E-1 is partially protruding from the straight pipe portion 32. This reduces the possibility of damage to the protruding member 6E-1.

[0182] 40, in the protrusion member 6E-1, the surface 60a includes a hydrophilic region 600 having hydrophilic properties, similar to the protrusion member 6-1. At least a portion of the hydrophilic region 600 is located between the apex 6c and the downstream end (second end 6b).

[0183] [2.4 Modification 4] Figure 43 shows a drainage member 5, which is a piping member according to Modification 4. Figure 43 is a perspective view of the drainage member 5, and Figure 44 is an exploded perspective view of the drainage member 5. The drainage member 5 constitutes part of the piping system 1 (see Figure 1) having a standpipe 3 and a horizontal pipe 4. As shown in Figures 43 and 44, the drainage member 5 connects the standpipe 3 and the horizontal pipe 4. The drainage member 5 functions as a connecting joint (elbow) that connects drainage paths that flow in different directions, such as a standpipe and a horizontal pipe.

[0184] The drainage member 5 has a curved pipe portion 51 and a straight pipe portion 52. In this modification, the curved pipe portion 51 and the straight pipe portion 52 are formed separately. In other words, the curved pipe portion 51 and the straight pipe portion 52 are separable members, and the drainage member 5 is obtained by combining the curved pipe portion 51 and the straight pipe portion 52.

[0185] The drainage member 5 will be further described below with reference to Figures 45 to 54. Figure 45 is a cross-sectional view of the drainage member 5. Figure 46 is an exploded cross-sectional view of the drainage member 5. Figure 47 is a cross-sectional view taken along line EE in Figure 45.

[0186] The drainage member 5 has a main body 50. The main body 50 is cylindrical, but the pipe axis (center line) of the main body 50 includes a curved portion and a straight portion. The main body 50 has a first opening 5a and a second opening 5b at both ends. The inner circumferential surface 50a of the main body 50 defines a curved flow path 5c.

[0187] The first opening 5a faces the upstream side. The upstream side is the upstream side of the piping system 1. The upstream side of the piping system 1 can be said to be the water collection port 2b side. The first opening 5a is an upstream opening. In Figure 45, the first opening 5a is flow-connected to the horizontal pipe 4. In other words, the first opening 5a is connected to the horizontal pipe 4 so that fluid flows in and out between the horizontal pipe 4 and the first opening 5a.

[0188] The second opening 5b faces the downstream side. The downstream side is the downstream side of the piping system 1. The downstream side of the piping system 1 is the manifold 21 side (ground side). The second opening 5b is a downstream opening. In Figure 45, the second opening 5b is flow-connected to the standpipe 3. In other words, the second opening 5b is connected to the standpipe 3 so that fluid flows in and out between the horizontal pipe 4 and the second opening 5b.

[0189] The curved flow path 5c connects the first opening 5a and the second opening 5b. In particular, the curved flow path 5c connects the first opening 5a and the second opening 5b such that the central axis C1 of the first opening 5a and the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b intersect.

[0190] As can be seen from Figures 45 and 46, the cross-sectional area of ​​the curved flow channel 5c is not constant, and there is a reduced area 5c1 where the cross-sectional area of ​​the curved flow channel 5c is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the second opening 5b. As shown in Figure 45, the first wall surface 50b on the inner periphery of the curved flow channel 5c protrudes toward the second wall surface 50c on the outer periphery of the curved flow channel 5c, so that the reduced area 5c1 is located between the inner corner 5d of the curved flow channel 5c and the second opening 5b. The first wall surface 50b is the inner periphery of the curved flow channel 5c on the inner periphery of the main body 50 (for example, half of the inner periphery). The second wall surface 50c is the outer periphery of the curved flow channel 5c on the inner periphery of the main body 50 (for example, half of the outer periphery). In other words, the inner periphery of the main body 50 is composed of the first wall surface 50b and the second wall surface 50c.

[0191] As shown in Figure 45, in the drainage member 5, the first wall surface 50b on the inner periphery of the curved flow path 5c partially protrudes toward the second wall surface 50c on the outer periphery of the curved flow path 5c so that a reduced section 5c1, where the cross-sectional area of ​​the curved flow path 5c is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the second opening 5b, exists between the inner corner 5d of the curved flow path 5c and the second opening 5b. That is, the first wall surface 50b includes a first section 501 that reduces the cross-sectional area of ​​the curved flow path 5c to be smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the second opening 5b, and a second section 502 and a third section 503 that equalize the cross-sectional area of ​​the curved flow path 5c to the cross-sectional area of ​​the second opening 5b. The second section 502 is a section of the first wall surface 50b between the first section 501 and the first opening 5a. The third section 503 is a section of the first wall surface 50b between the first section 501 and the second opening 5b. The first portion 501 is a portion of the first wall surface 50b that includes a protruding portion 53 that protrudes from the first wall surface 50b toward the second wall surface 50c. The protruding portion 53 is a portion that forms the reduced portion 5c1 in the first portion 501 of the first wall surface 50b. In this modified example, the protruding portion 53 is shaped like a lump. The shapes and dimensions of the reduced portion 5c1 and the protruding portion 53 will be described later.

[0192] In the drainage member 5 of Figure 45, the first portion 501 of the first wall surface 50b and the second wall surface 50c form a reduced portion 5c1 between an inner corner 5d of the curved flow path 5c and the second opening 5b. The curved flow path 5c includes an upstream portion 5c2 on the first opening 5a side of the reduced portion 5c1 and a downstream portion 5c3 on the second opening 5b side of the reduced portion 5c1. The upstream portion 5c2 is the portion of the curved flow path 5c between the inner corner 5d of the curved flow path 5c and the first opening 5a on a plane passing through the central axis C1 of the first opening 5a and the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b. In other words, the upstream portion 5c2 is formed by the second portion 502 of the first wall surface 50b and the second wall surface 50c. The downstream portion 5c3 is a portion between the second opening 5b and the boundary between the first portion 501 and the second portion 502 of the first wall surface 50b on a plane passing through the central axis C1 of the first opening 5a and the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b. In other words, the downstream portion 5c3 is formed by the third portion 503 of the first wall surface 50b and the second wall surface 50c.

[0193] As shown in FIG. 47 , in the drainage member 5, the reduced portion 5c1 and the upstream portion 5c2 are continuously connected along at least a portion of the first wall surface 50b. Here, "X and Y are continuously connected" means that X and Y are connected without creating a step or other obstacle that would impede fluid movement between X and Y. This reduces pressure loss between the upstream portion 5c2 and the reduced portion 5c1, thereby improving drainage capacity. In particular, in FIG. 47 , the reduced portion 5c1 and the upstream portion 5c2 are continuously connected along the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b on the first wall surface 50b. As shown in FIG. 47 , in the drainage member 5, the reduced portion 5c1 and the downstream portion 5c3 are continuously connected along at least a portion of the first wall surface 50b. This reduces pressure loss between the downstream portion 5c3 and the reduced portion 5c1, thereby improving drainage capacity. In particular, in FIG. 47, the reduced portion 5c1 and the downstream portion 5c3 are continuously connected along the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b in the first wall surface 50b.

[0194] The drainage member 5 is composed of a curved pipe portion 51 and a straight pipe portion 52 .

[0195] 45 and 46, the curved pipe portion 51 has a bent portion 511 and sockets 512 and 513. The bent portion 511 and the sockets 512 and 513 are formed as a continuous, integrated unit.

[0196] The bent portion 511 constitutes the upstream portion of the main body 50 of the drainage member 5. The bent portion 511 is cylindrical, but the pipe axis (center line) of the bent portion 511 is curved rather than linear. In other words, the bent portion 511 has a curved pipe axis in the drainage member 5. The upstream end of the bent portion 511 has a first opening 5a. The downstream end of the bent portion 511 has a first connecting opening 511a. The inner circumferential surface 511b of the bent portion 511 constitutes the upstream portion of the inner circumferential surface 50a of the main body 50. The central axis C3 of the first connecting opening 511a coincides with the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b. The angle between the central axis C1 of the first opening 5a and the central axis C3 of the first connecting opening 511a is, for example, 91.17° as specified in JIS K 6739 "Rigid polyvinyl chloride pipe fittings for drainage."

[0197] The sockets 512, 513 are provided at both ends of the bent section 511. The socket 512 is cylindrical and surrounds the first opening 5a. The socket 512 receives the horizontal pipe 4. The inner diameter of the socket 512 is large enough to allow the downstream end 4b of the horizontal pipe 4 to be inserted into the socket 512. The socket 513 is cylindrical and surrounds the first connecting opening 511a. The inner diameter of the socket 512 is larger than the diameter of the first opening 5a. The inner diameter of the socket 513 is larger than the diameter of the first connecting opening 511a. The inner diameter of the socket 513 is large enough to allow the upstream end of the straight pipe section 52 to be inserted into the socket 513.

[0198] For example, the material of the curved pipe portion 51 may be, for example, rigid polyvinyl chloride. The dimensions of the curved pipe portion 51 may be set in accordance with, for example, the standard of JIS K 6739 "Rigid polyvinyl chloride pipe joints for drainage." The curved pipe portion 51 may be a 90° bent elbow (so-called DL) specified in JIS K 6739.

[0199] 48 to 54 show examples of the configuration of the straight pipe section 52. FIG. 48 is a perspective view of the example of the configuration of the straight pipe section 52. FIG. 49 is a side view of the straight pipe section 52. FIG. 50 is a plan view of the straight pipe section 52. FIG. 51 is a bottom view of the straight pipe section 52. FIG. 52 is a cross-sectional view taken along line F-F in FIG. 50. FIG. 53 is a perspective cross-sectional view taken along line G-G in FIG. 50. FIG. 54 is a cross-sectional view taken along line H-H in FIG. 52. Although the straight section 521 is part of the drainage member 5, to make the correspondence easier to understand, reference numerals related to the curved flow paths 5c of the drainage member 5 (e.g., first wall surface 50b, second wall surface 50c, etc.) are used as necessary.

[0200] 48 and 49, the straight pipe section 52 has a linear section 521, a socket 522, and a protrusion 523. The linear section 521, the socket 522, and the protrusion 523 are formed continuously and integrally.

[0201] The straight portion 521 constitutes the downstream portion of the main body 50 of the drainage member 5. The straight portion 521 is cylindrical. The pipe axis (center line) of the straight portion 521 is linear. In other words, the straight portion 521 has a linear pipe axis in the drainage member 5. As shown in FIG. 52 , the upstream end of the straight portion 521 has a second connecting opening 521a. The downstream end of the straight portion 521 has a second opening 5b. The inner circumferential surface 521b of the straight portion 521 constitutes the downstream portion of the inner circumferential surface 50a of the main body 50. The center axis C4 of the second connecting opening 521a coincides with the center axis C2 of the second opening 5b.

[0202] As shown in Figure 52, the socket 522 is provided at the downstream end of the straight section 521. As shown in Figure 51, the socket 522 is cylindrical and surrounds the second opening 5b. The inner diameter of the socket 522 is larger than the diameter of the second opening 5b. The socket 522 receives the standpipe 3. In this modification, the inner diameter of the socket 522 is large enough to allow the standpipe 3 (its upstream end 3a) to be inserted into the socket 522.

[0203] As shown in Figures 48, 49, and 52, the protrusion 523 is a part (upstream end) of the protruding portion 53. The protrusion 523 protrudes from the second connecting opening 521a to the outside of the straight portion 521. Therefore, when the curved pipe portion 51 and the straight pipe portion 52 are connected, as shown in Figure 45, the protrusion 523 protrudes from the second connecting opening 521a into the curved pipe portion 51 and covers a part of the inner circumferential surface of the bent portion 511 of the curved pipe portion 51. As a result, the protrusion 523 forms a part of the contracted portion 5c1 instead of the curved pipe portion 51. The tip 523a of the protrusion 523 coincides with the corner 5d on the inner circumferential side of the curved flow path 5c. In this modification, the contracted portion 5c1 exists across the bent portion 511 of the curved pipe portion 51 and the straight portion 521 of the straight pipe portion 52, but is separate from the curved pipe portion 51 and the straight pipe portion 52. In this case, if the protruding portion 53 is divided at the boundary between the bent portion 511 and the straight portion 521, a step may occur at the boundary in the reduced portion 5c1. This may be one factor that hinders the flow of fluid in the curved flow path 5c. Therefore, in this modified example, a protrusion 523, which is a part of the protruding portion 53, protrudes from the second connecting opening 521a to the outside of the straight portion 521 and constitutes part of the reduced portion 5c1 instead of the curved pipe portion 51. This reduces the effect of the step at the boundary, even when the reduced portion 5c1 exists across the bent portion 511 of the curved pipe portion 51 and the straight portion 521 of the straight pipe portion 52.

[0204] As shown in Figures 48 to 50, the straight pipe section 52 further has markings 524. The markings 524 indicate information regarding the assembly of the drainage member 5. In this modification, the markings 524 indicate the direction in which the straight pipe section 52 is connected to the curved pipe section 51. The markings 524 are arrows indicating the direction in which the straight pipe section 52 is connected to the curved pipe section 51. In Figures 48 to 50, four markings 524 are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction on the outer peripheral surface of the upstream end of the straight pipe section 52. The markings 524 may be letters, figures, symbols, three-dimensional shapes, colors, or combinations thereof that are recognizable by human perception. In this modification, the markings 524 are located on the outer peripheral surface of the straight pipe section 52 so that they are not hidden by the socket 513 of the curved pipe section 51 when the straight pipe section 52 is connected to the curved pipe section 51. However, the mark 524 may be located on the outer surface of the straight pipe section 52 in a position that is hidden by the receiving port 513 of the curved pipe section 51 when the straight pipe section 52 is connected to the curved pipe section 51 .

[0205] Next, assembly of the drainage member 5 will be briefly described with reference to Figures 45 and 46. When assembling the drainage member 5, as shown in Figure 46, the upstream end of the linear portion 521 of the straight pipe section 52 is oriented toward the socket 513 of the curved pipe section 51. In this case, the mark 524 on the straight pipe section 52 serves to determine the orientation of the straight pipe section 52 relative to the curved pipe section 51. Then, the upstream end of the linear portion 521 of the straight pipe section 52 is inserted into the socket 513 of the curved pipe section 51. This connects the curved pipe section 51 and the straight pipe section 52, as shown in Figure 45. When the curved pipe section 51 and the straight pipe section 52 are connected, the upstream end of the linear portion 521 is located within the socket 513 of the curved pipe section 51, and the first connecting opening 511a of the curved pipe section 51 and the second connecting opening 521a of the linear portion 521 are connected. As a result, the inner circumferential surface 511b of the curved pipe portion 51 and the inner circumferential surface 521b of the straight pipe portion 52 are connected to form the curved flow path 5c. In this modification, the straight pipe portion 52 has a protrusion 523. The protrusion 523 protrudes from the second connecting opening 521a into the curved pipe portion 51 and constitutes a part of the reduced portion 5c1 in place of the curved pipe portion 51.

[0206] In the drainage member 5 described above, as shown in Figure 45, the first wall surface 50b on the inner side of the curved flow path 5c protrudes toward the second wall surface 50c on the outer side of the curved flow path 5c so that a reduced section 5c1, where the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the curved flow path 5c is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the second opening 5b, exists between the corner 5d on the inner side of the curved flow path 5c and the second opening 5b.

[0207] The drainage member 5 has a reduced portion 5c1. The presence of the reduced portion 5c1 is expected to (1) allow water to flow more easily along the first wall surface 50b than without the reduced portion 5c1, and (2) reduce the number of areas where pressure loss may occur. Therefore, the reduced portion 5c1 of the drainage member 5 reduces pressure loss caused by separation downstream from the corner 5d, thereby improving drainage performance. Unlike the technology described in Patent Document 1, the drainage member 5 does not require a large radius of curvature on the inner wall surface, allowing for miniaturization. Therefore, the drainage member 5 can improve drainage capacity while enabling miniaturization. The reduced size of the drainage member 5 itself makes it less noticeable when viewed from the perspective of the piping system 1 as a whole. This is expected to improve the aesthetic appearance of the piping system 1 as a whole.

[0208] Next, examples of the shape and dimensions of reduced portion 5c1 will be described. Because protrusion 53 defines the shape and dimensions of reduced portion 5c1, it will be understood that any reference to the shape and dimensions of reduced portion 5c1 also applies to the shape and dimensions of protrusion 53.

[0209] 45 and 47 . The diameter of the second opening 5b is d, and the length of the reduced portion 5c1 in the direction of the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b is L. In the drainage member 5, it is preferable that 0.5d≦L≦5.0d. This can further reduce the occurrence of pressure loss due to separation downstream from the corner 5d. Therefore, it is possible to improve drainage capacity while enabling miniaturization.

[0210] 45 and 47, the portion P of the drainage member 5 is the portion where the flow path cross-sectional area is smallest in the contracted portion 5c1. The distance D1 between the inner corner 5d of the curved flow path 5c and the portion P in the direction of the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b is defined as D1. In the drainage member 5, it is preferable that 0≦D1≦0.5d. This can further reduce pressure loss caused by separation downstream from the corner 5d. Therefore, the drainage capacity can be improved while enabling miniaturization.

[0211] 45 and 47, the distance between the point P and the downstream end of the reduced portion 5c1 is designated as D3. D3 is calculated as D3 = L - D1. In the drainage member 5, it is preferable that D3 > D1. This can further reduce the occurrence of pressure loss due to separation downstream from the corner 5d. This can improve drainage capacity while enabling miniaturization.

[0212] Referring to Figures 50 and 52, in a plane passing through the central axis C1 of the first opening 5a and the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b, the minimum distance between the first wall surface 50b and the second wall surface 50c at the reduced portion 5c1 is defined as D2. D2 is also the distance between the portion P of the reduced portion 5c1 and the second wall surface 50c. In the drainage member 5, it is preferable that 0.60d≦D2≦0.95d. This can further reduce pressure loss due to separation downstream from the corner 5d. Therefore, it is possible to improve drainage capacity while enabling miniaturization. Here, in a plane passing through the central axis C1 of the first opening 5a and the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b, the maximum height of the protrusion 53 is defined as D4. D4 is also the height of the protrusion 53 at the portion P of the reduced portion 5c1. D4 = d - D2. In the drainage member 5, it is preferable that 0.05d≦D4≦0.40d. This can further reduce the occurrence of pressure loss due to separation downstream from the corner 5d, thereby improving the drainage capacity while enabling miniaturization.

[0213] Referring to FIG. 54, the cross-sectional area of ​​the second opening 5b is A, and the minimum cross-sectional area of ​​the curved flow path 5c is A1. The minimum cross-sectional area of ​​the curved flow path 5c is the cross-sectional area at the location P of the contracted portion 5c1. In the drainage member 5, 0.6≦A1 / A<1 is satisfied. This can further reduce pressure loss caused by separation downstream from the corner 5d. Therefore, the drainage capacity can be improved while enabling compactness. Here, the maximum cross-sectional area of ​​the protruding portion 53 is A2. A2 is also the cross-sectional area of ​​the protruding portion 53 at the location P of the contracted portion 5c1. A2 is A2=A−A1. In the drainage member 5, it is preferable that A2 / A≦0.4 is satisfied. This can further reduce pressure loss caused by separation downstream from the corner 5d. Therefore, the drainage capacity can be improved while enabling compactness.

[0214] 45 and 47. In a plane passing through the central axis C1 of the first opening 5a and the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b, the first wall surface 50b includes a curved shape that protrudes toward the second wall surface 50c at the reduced portion 5c1. In other words, the surface of the protruding portion 53 has a curved shape. This improves drainage capacity. Here, a small surface roughness of the protruding portion 53 is preferable because it is expected to improve drainage capacity.

[0215] 50, 51, and 54. When viewed from the direction of the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b, the first wall surface 50b has a shape in which the center is more recessed than the both sides at the reduced portion 5c1. In other words, when viewed from the direction of the central axis C2 of the second opening 5b, the protrusion 53 has a shape in which the center of the first wall surface 50b is more recessed than the both sides. This improves drainage capacity.

[0216] From another perspective, the first wall surface 50b on the inner periphery of the curved flow channel 5c may have a shape that protrudes toward the second wall surface 50c on the outer periphery of the curved flow channel 5c so as to generate the Coanda effect between the inner corner 5d of the curved flow channel 5c and the second opening 5b. In other words, the protrusion 53 may have a shape that generates the Coanda effect between the inner corner 5d of the curved flow channel 5c and the second opening 5b. This allows for size reduction while improving drainage capacity.

[0217] The protrusion 53 described above is a protruding member located inside the straight pipe section 52 and partially reducing the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the straight pipe section 52. As shown in FIG. 45 , the protrusion 53 includes an apex (site P) that is located between the upstream end (tip 523a of the protrusion 523) and the downstream end 53b in the flow direction of the fluid flowing through the straight pipe section 52 and minimizes the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the straight pipe section 52, and a surface 53a that can come into contact with the fluid. As shown in FIG. 47 , the surface 53a includes a hydrophilic region 530 that has hydrophilic properties. At least a portion of the hydrophilic region 530 is located between the apex (site P) and the downstream end 53b.

[0218] In this modification, the entire hydrophilic region 530 is located between the apex (site P) and the downstream end 53b. In other words, the hydrophilic region 530 is not located between the upstream end (tip 523a of the protrusion 523) and the apex (site P). In this modification, the hydrophilic region 530 occupies 100% of the area on the surface 53a between the apex (site P) and the downstream end 53b. The hydrophilic region 530 extends from the apex (site P) to the downstream end 53b in the flow direction. The hydrophilic region 530 is located across the entire width of the protrusion 53. Other configurations of the hydrophilic region 530 (contact angle, material, hydrophilic structure, etc.) may be similar to those of the hydrophilic region 600 of the protrusion member 6-1.

[0219] The curved pipe portion 51 may also have the protrusion 53. As an example, the curved pipe portion 51 may have a protrusion that protrudes from the first connecting opening 511a into the straight pipe portion 52 and constitutes part of the reduced section 5c1 instead of the straight pipe portion 52. This also enables downsizing and improves drainage capacity. In other words, when the curved pipe portion 51 and the straight pipe portion 52 are formed separately, one of the curved pipe portion 51 and the straight pipe portion 52 may have a protrusion that protrudes into the other of the curved pipe portion 51 and the straight pipe portion 52 and constitutes part of the reduced section 5c1 instead of the other. When the curved pipe portion 51 has the protrusion 53, the straight pipe portion 52 may be the upstream end of the standpipe 3. In other words, in the drainage member 5, the upstream end of the standpipe 3 may be used as the straight pipe portion 52.

[0220] The curved pipe section 51 and the straight pipe section 52 may be formed integrally. This also allows for a compact design while improving drainage capacity. In this case, the socket 513 may not be necessary in the curved pipe section 51. The mark 524 may also not be necessary in the straight pipe section 52.

[0221] The reduced portion 5c1 (or the protruding portion 53) does not necessarily have to start from the inner corner 5d of the curved flow path 5c, but may be located between the inner corner 5d of the curved flow path 5c and the second opening 5b.

[0222] The shape and dimensions of the reduced portion 5c1 (or the protruding portion 53) are not limited to those in the above embodiment. The shape and dimensions of the reduced portion 5c1 (or the protruding portion 53) may be the same as the shape and dimensions of the protruding member 6.

[0223] The shape and size of part or all of the drainage member 5 may be different from those of the above-described embodiment and modified examples. For example, unlike the above-described embodiment, the shape of the curved pipe portion 51 and / or the shape of the straight pipe portion 52 of the drainage member 5 may be polygonal rather than circular.

[0224] The material of the drainage member 5 does not necessarily have to be rigid polyvinyl chloride. The material of the drainage member 5 may be determined according to the requirements of the piping system 1, and may be, for example, a synthetic resin such as polyethylene. Furthermore, the material of the drainage member 5 may be a metal instead of a synthetic resin.

[0225] The drainage member 5 does not have to have the mark 524 .

[0226] [2.5 Other Modifications] In one modification, the hydrophilic region 600 may be located between the apex 6c and the downstream end. Therefore, the hydrophilic region 600 does not necessarily have to extend from the apex 6c to the downstream end in the flow direction. The hydrophilic region 600 does not necessarily have to be present across the entire width of the protrusion member 6-1. As an example, the hydrophilic region 600 may be located only on the main surface 61.

[0227] In one variation, the hydrophilic region 600 may be composed of multiple regions rather than a single region. That is, the hydrophilic region 600 may be composed of multiple discrete regions on the surface 60a between the apex 6c and the downstream end. In this case, the total area of ​​the multiple discrete regions is the area of ​​the hydrophilic region 600.

[0228] In one modified example, the first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 of the protrusion member 6-1 may have a shape that is asymmetric with respect to the center line of the protrusion member 6-1 that is aligned with the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3. The shapes of the first side surface 62 and the second side surface 63 may be individually set depending on the installation environment of the piping system 1 or the piping member 10, and do not necessarily have to be symmetric with respect to the center line of the protrusion member 6-1 that is aligned with the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3.

[0229] In one modification, the protruding member 6-1 does not necessarily have to have the contact end surface 66.

[0230] In one modified example, the shape, number, and arrangement of the protrusions 67 of the protrusion member 6-1 may be changed as appropriate depending on the shape, number, and arrangement of the recesses 3c of the standpipe 3. The recesses 3c may be holes rather than notches. The position of the recesses 3c is not limited to the edge of the upstream end 3a. The protrusions 67 and recesses 3c are preferably provided so as to facilitate positioning of the protrusion member 6-1 relative to the standpipe 3. However, the protrusion member 6-1 does not necessarily have to have the protrusions 67.

[0231] In one modified example, the protruding member 6-1 may be formed integrally with the standpipe 3 rather than being a separate member from the standpipe 3. This is equivalent to the inner circumferential surface 30a of the standpipe 3 including the main surface 61 and the first and second side surfaces 62, 63 of the protruding member 6-1.

[0232] In one modified example, the protruding members 6-1 to 6-3 do not necessarily have to have the same configuration or structure. For example, at least one of the protruding members 6-1 to 6-3 may satisfy one or more of 0.1L≦L1≦0.5L, A1 / A≦0.4, or 0.5d≦L≦5.0d.

[0233] In one modified example, the protruding members 6-1 to 6-3 do not necessarily have to have the same shape and size, but may have different shapes and sizes. In other words, the shapes and sizes of the protruding members 6-1 to 6-3 may be set appropriately depending on the locations where the protruding members 6-1 to 6-3 are arranged, etc.

[0234] In one variant, the protruding member 6-1 does not need to be entirely contained within the riser pipe 3. In particular, the second end 6b of the protruding member 6-1 may protrude from the riser pipe 3 to the outside.

[0235] In one modified example, the material of the protruding member 6-1 does not necessarily have to be rigid polyvinyl chloride. The material of the protruding member 6-1 may be determined according to the requirements of the piping system 1, and may be, for example, a synthetic resin such as polyethylene. Also, the material of the protruding member 6-1 may be a metal instead of a synthetic resin.

[0236] In one modified example, the shape and size of part or all of the piping system 1 may be different from those of the above embodiment. For example, unlike the above embodiment, in the piping system 1, the shapes of the bent pipes 15-1 and 15-2, the vertical pipe 3, and the horizontal pipe 4 may be polygonal rather than circular.

[0237] In one variant, the bent pipes 15-1 and 15-2 are not limited to 90° bent elbows (so-called DL) as defined in JIS K 6739. The bent pipes 15-1 and 15-2 may be large 90° bent elbows (so-called LL) or 45° bent elbows (so-called 45L) as defined in JIS K 6739. The 45° elbow reduces the angle between the central axis C4 of the horizontal pipe 4 and the central axis C3 of the standpipe 3, and the angle between the central axis C4 of the horizontal pipe 4 and the central axis C7 of the standpipe 7, compared to a 90° elbow. This reduces the degree of flow path curvature, potentially reducing pressure loss in the bent pipes 15-1 and 15-2. The dimensions of the bent pipes 15-1 and 15-2 do not necessarily need to be set in accordance with the standard of JIS K 6739, "Rigid Polyvinyl Chloride Pipe Joints for Drainage."

[0238] In one modified example, the piping system 1 does not necessarily have to include the eaves gutter 2. For example, if the building 11 has a structure with a water collection port, such as a balcony, the bent pipe 15-2 of the piping system 1 may be connected to the water collection port of the building 11.

[0239] In one modified example, it is not essential that the piping system 1 includes all of the protruding members 6-1 to 6-3, but may include at least one of the protruding members 6-1 to 6-3. In the piping system 1, the protruding member 6 may be located on the inner periphery of the bent pipe 15-1 at the end of the horizontal pipe 4 on the bent pipe 15-1 side.

[0240] In one modified example, the drain 8 may have a structure that is generally not considered to contribute to the occurrence or promotion of the siphoning phenomenon. In one modified example, the piping system 1 does not necessarily have to include the drain 8. The drain 8 is not an essential component of the piping system 1, and may be provided as appropriate taking into consideration the installation environment of the piping system 1, etc.

[0241] In one modified example, the piping system 1 does not necessarily have to include the upright pipe 7. The upright pipe 7 is not an essential component of the piping system 1, and may be provided as appropriate in consideration of the installation environment of the piping system 1, etc.

[0242] In one modified example, the piping system 1 is not limited to a gutter system, which is a type of drainage system, but may be applied to other drainage systems such as a sewerage system, or to a water supply system such as a drinking water system. In other words, the protrusion member or the piping member can be used in a system that supplies water or drains water.

[0243] In one variation, the piping system may be used to transport a target fluid within a facility such as a factory. Such a piping system is used to transport a fluid from a starting point to multiple destinations. For example, this piping system may be used as part of a plant piping system that supplies a desired fluid from a storage tank to multiple locations in a factory or the like. In this type of piping system, a fitting may be used to connect a first upstream straight pipe section to second and third downstream straight pipe sections to branch the flow path. The fitting is a tee that branches the fluid flowing in from the first straight pipe section and flows out from the second and third straight pipe sections. In this case, the protruding member 6 may be located at the fitting side end (downstream end) of the first straight pipe section. Alternatively or additionally, the protruding member 6 may be located at the fitting side end (upstream end) of the second straight pipe section and / or the fitting side end (upstream end) of the third straight pipe section.

[0244] In one variation, the piping system may include an increaser as a joint downstream of the first straight pipe section, connecting the first straight pipe section to a second straight pipe section having a smaller diameter. In this case, the protruding member 6 may be located at the end (downstream end) of the straight pipe section on the joint side within the straight pipe section with the smaller diameter. The increaser may be an eccentric increaser, in which the central axis of the second straight pipe section is offset from the central axis of the first straight pipe section. When the joint is an eccentric increaser, the protruding member 6 may be located at the end (downstream end) of the first straight pipe section on the joint side, on the same side as the central axis of the second straight pipe section relative to the central axis of the first straight pipe section.

[0245] [3. Aspects] As is clear from the above-described embodiment and modifications, the present disclosure includes the following aspects.

[0246] [Aspect 1] A protrusion member located inside a straight pipe section that constitutes a piping system, which partially reduces the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the straight pipe section, comprising: an apex located between an upstream end and a downstream end in the flow direction of a fluid flowing through the straight pipe section, which minimizes the flow path cross-sectional area of ​​the straight pipe section; and a surface that can come into contact with the fluid, wherein the surface includes a hydrophilic region that is hydrophilic, and at least a portion of the hydrophilic region is located between the apex and the downstream end.

[0247] [Aspect 2] The protrusion member of Aspect 1, wherein the hydrophilic region occupies 70% or more of the area of ​​the surface between the apex and the downstream end.

[0248] [Aspect 3] The protrusion member according to any one of Aspects 1 and 2, wherein the hydrophilic region extends from the apex to the downstream end in the flow direction.

[0249] [Aspect 4] The protrusion member according to any one of Aspects 1 to 3, wherein the contact angle of the hydrophilic region is 80° or less.

[0250] [Aspect 5] The protrusion member according to any one of Aspects 1 to 4, wherein the hydrophilic region is located between the upstream end and the apex and between the apex and the downstream end.

[0251] [Aspect 6] The protrusion member according to any one of Aspects 1 to 5, wherein at least a portion of the surface corresponding to the hydrophilic region is made of a hydrophilic material.

[0252] [Aspect 7] The protrusion member according to any one of Aspects 1 to 6, wherein the hydrophilic region has a water-repellent structure.

[0253] [Aspect 8] The protrusion member according to Aspect 7, wherein the hydrophilic structure includes a plurality of recesses aligned along the flow direction, and the width of the plurality of recesses is within a range that causes capillary action of water.

[0254] [Aspect 9] A piping member comprising: the protruding member according to any one of aspects 1 to 8; and the straight pipe portion.

[0255] [Aspect 10] A piping system comprising: one or more protrusion members according to any one of Aspects 1 to 8; a plurality of the straight pipe sections; and one or more joints connecting the plurality of straight pipe sections together, wherein the one or more protrusion members are located inside one or more corresponding straight pipe sections among the plurality of straight pipe sections.

[0256] [Aspect 11] The piping system of Aspect 10, wherein the plurality of straight pipe sections include, in order from the downstream side, a first straight pipe section, a second straight pipe section, and a third straight pipe section; the one or more joints include a first bent pipe connecting the first straight pipe section and the second straight pipe section, and a second bent pipe connecting the second straight pipe section and the third straight pipe section; and the one or more protrusion members are located on at least one of: an inner peripheral side of the first bent pipe at an end of the first straight pipe section facing the first bent pipe; an inner peripheral side of the second bent pipe at an end of the third straight pipe section facing the second bent pipe; or an inner peripheral side of the second bent pipe at an end of the second straight pipe section facing the second bent pipe.

[0257] Aspects 2 to 8 are optional and not essential.

[0258] The present disclosure is applicable to a protrusion member, a piping member, and a piping system. Specifically, the present disclosure is applicable to a protrusion member for changing a flow path cross-sectional area, a piping member including a protrusion member, and a piping system including a piping member.

[0259] 1 Piping system 3, 3C Vertical pipe (straight pipe section, first straight pipe section) 4 Horizontal pipe (straight pipe section, second straight pipe section) 7 Vertical pipe (straight pipe section, third straight pipe section) 5 Drainage member (piping member) 52 Straight pipe section 53 Protrusion (projecting member) 523a Tip (upstream end) P Part (top) 53a Surface 530 Hydrophilic area 53b Downstream end 6 Projecting member 6-1, 6A-1, 6B-1, 6C-1, 6D-1, 6E-1 Projecting member 6-2 Projecting member 6-3 Projecting member 6a First end 6b Second end 6c Top 60a Surface 600 Hydrophilic area 610 Recess 10 Piping member 10-1, 10A-1, 10B-1, 10C-1, 10D-1, 10E-1 Piping member 10-2 Piping member 10-3 Piping member 15-1 Bent pipe (joint, first bent pipe) 15-2 Bent pipe (joint, second bent pipe)

Claims

1. A protruding member that is inside a straight pipe section constituting a piping system and that partially reduces the flow channel cross-sectional area of the straight pipe section, the protruding member having: a top portion that is between an upstream end and a downstream end in the flow direction of the fluid flowing through the straight pipe section and that minimizes the flow channel cross-sectional area of the straight pipe section; and a surface that can contact the fluid, the surface including a hydrophilic region having hydrophilicity, at least a part of the hydrophilic region being between the top portion and the downstream end.

2. The protruding member according to claim 1, wherein the hydrophilic region occupies 70% or more of the region between the top portion and the downstream end on the surface.

3. The protruding member according to claim 1, wherein in the flow direction, the hydrophilic region extends from the top portion to the downstream end.

4. The protruding member according to claim 1, wherein the contact angle of the hydrophilic region is 80° or less.

5. The protruding member according to claim 1, wherein the hydrophilic region is between the upstream end and the top portion and between the top portion and the downstream end.

6. The protruding member according to claim 1, wherein at least the portion corresponding to the hydrophilic region on the surface is made of a hydrophilic material.

7. The protruding member according to claim 1, wherein the hydrophilic region has a hydrophilic structure.

8. The protruding member according to claim 7, wherein the hydrophilic structure includes a plurality of recesses along the flow direction, and the width of the plurality of recesses is in a range that causes capillary action of water.

9. A piping member including the protruding member according to claim 1 and the straight pipe section.

10. A piping system including one or more protruding members according to claim 1, a plurality of the straight pipe sections, and one or more joints connecting the plurality of straight pipe sections to each other, wherein the one or more protruding members are inside one or more corresponding straight pipe sections among the plurality of straight pipe sections.

11. The plurality of straight pipe portions include, in order from the downstream side, a first straight pipe portion, a second straight pipe portion, and a third straight pipe portion. The one or more joints include a first bent pipe connecting the first straight pipe portion and the second straight pipe portion, and a second bent pipe connecting the second straight pipe portion and the third straight pipe portion. The one or more protruding members are at least one of the following: on the inner peripheral side of the first bent pipe at the end of the first straight pipe portion on the side of the first bent pipe; on the inner peripheral side of the second bent pipe at the end of the third straight pipe portion on the side of the second bent pipe; or on the inner peripheral side of the second bent pipe at the end of the second straight pipe portion on the side of the second bent pipe. The piping system according to claim 10.

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