Emergency services
By initiating a single location procedure for multiple reports and network-assisted positioning, the solution addresses the challenge of delayed and inaccurate location data in emergency call routing, ensuring timely and accurate routing in systems like NG911.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/071922
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-01-12
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-17
AI Technical Summary
Existing communication networks face challenges in providing accurate and timely location-based routing for emergency calls, particularly in systems like NG911, where current methods result in delayed and inaccurate location data, failing to meet regulatory requirements for rapid call setup and routing.
A network device initiates a single location procedure for multiple location reports, transmitting positioning results to multiple routing entities to ensure timely and accurate location data is available for emergency calls, and provides network-assisted positioning procedures to enhance UE positioning capabilities.
This approach ensures rapid and accurate location-based routing for emergency calls, meeting regulatory requirements by reducing call setup delays and improving positioning accuracy through network-assisted methods.
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Figure CN2024071922_17072025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
EMERGENCY SERVICESFIELD
[0001] Example embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of communications, and in particular, to devices, methods, apparatuses and a computer readable storage medium for emergency services, for example, in location services.BACKGROUND
[0002] A communication network can be seen as a facility that enables communications between two or more communication devices, or provides communication devices access to a data network. A mobile or wireless communication network is one example of a communication network. A communication device may be provided with a service by an application server.
[0003] Such communication networks operate in according with standards such as those provided by 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) or ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) . Examples of standards are the so-called 5G (5th Generation) standards provided by 3GPP.SUMMARY
[0004] In general, example embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for emergency services, for example, in location services, especially for routing sessions.
[0005] In a first aspect, there is provided a first network device. The first network device comprises at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first network device at least to: based on determining that a routing location request associated with a terminal device is for an emergency call, initiate a single location procedure for multiple location reports for the terminal device; based on receiving a first routing location request from a first routing entity, transmit, to the first routing entity, a first positioning result among a first plurality of positioning results of the terminal device obtained during the single location procedure for multiple location reports; and based on receiving a second routing location request from a second routing entity, transmit, to the second routing entity, a second positioning result among a second plurality of positioning results of the terminal device obtained during the single location procedure for the multiple location reports.
[0006] In a second aspect, there is provided a second network device. The second network device comprises at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second network device at least to: receive a first message including first indication information of an emergency service of a terminal device and first location information indicating a location reference for a first positioning result of the terminal device; transmit, to a first network device, a routing location request with a location type set to emergency routing; receive, from the first network device, a second positioning result of the terminal device; and transmit, to a third network device, a second message including second indication information of the emergency service of the terminal device and second location information indicating the second positioning result of the terminal device.
[0007] In a third aspect, there is provided a terminal device. The terminal device comprises at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the terminal network device at least to: transmit, to a radio access network (RAN) node, a first message for initiating an emergency session; receive, from core network, a second message including at least one ciphering key for deciphering assistance data regardless of whether the terminal device is subscribed to receive the assistance data, wherein the assistance data is ciphered and used for performing a device-based positioning procedure.
[0008] In a fourth aspect, there is provided a first network device. The first network device comprises at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first network device at least to: receive, from a terminal device via a radio access network (RAN) node, a third message for initiating an emergency session for the terminal device; and transmit, to the RAN node, a fourth message including at least one ciphering key for deciphering assistance data regardless of whether the terminal device is subscribed to receive the assistance data, wherein the assistance data is ciphered and used for performing a device-based positioning procedure.
[0009] In a fifth aspect, there is provided a second network device. The second network device comprises at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first network device at least to: receive, from a first network device, a notification message indicating that an emergency session is initiated by a terminal device; and start a positioning reference signal (PRS) transmission procedure for the terminal device.
[0010] In a sixth aspect, there is provided a method. The method comprises based on determining that a routing location request associated with a terminal device is for an emergency call, initiating a single location procedure for multiple location reports for the terminal device; based on receiving a first routing location request from a first routing entity, transmitting, to the first routing entity, a first positioning result among a first plurality of positioning results of the terminal device obtained during the single location procedure for multiple location reports; and based on receiving a second routing location request from a second routing entity, transmitting, to the second routing entity, a second positioning result among a second plurality of positioning results of the terminal device obtained during the single location procedure for the multiple location reports.
[0011] In a seventh aspect, there is provided a method. The method comprises receiving a first message including first indication information of an emergency service of a terminal device and first location information indicating a location reference for a first positioning result of the terminal device; transmitting, to a first network device, a routing location request with a location type set to emergency routing; receiving, from the first network device, a second positioning result of the terminal device; and transmit, to a third network device, a second message including second indication information of the emergency service of the terminal device and second location information indicating the second positioning result of the terminal device.
[0012] In an eighth aspect, there is provided a method. The method comprises transmitting, to a radio access network (RAN) node, a first message for initiating an emergency session; receiving, from core network, a second message including at least one ciphering key for deciphering assistance data regardless of whether the terminal device is subscribed to receive the assistance data, wherein the assistance data is ciphered and used for performing a device-based positioning procedure.
[0013] In a ninth aspect, there is provided a method. The method comprises receiving, from a terminal device via a radio access network (RAN) node, a third message for initiating an emergency session for the terminal device; and transmitting, to the RAN node, a fourth message including at least one ciphering key for deciphering assistance data regardless of whether the terminal device is subscribed to receive the assistance data, wherein the assistance data is ciphered and used for performing a device-based positioning procedure.
[0014] In a tenth aspect, there is provided a method. The method comprises receiving, from a first network device, a notification message indicating that an emergency session is initiated by a terminal device; and starting a positioning reference signal (PRS) transmission procedure for the terminal device.
[0015] In an eleventh aspect, there is provided an apparatus. The apparatus comprises means for based on determining that a routing location request associated with a terminal device is for an emergency call, initiating a single location procedure for multiple location reports for the terminal device; means for based on receiving a first routing location request from a first routing entity, transmitting, to the first routing entity, a first positioning result among a first plurality of positioning results of the terminal device obtained during the single location procedure for multiple location reports; and means for based on receiving a second routing location request from a second routing entity, transmitting, to the second routing entity, a second positioning result among a second plurality of positioning results of the terminal device obtained during the single location procedure for the multiple location reports.
[0016] In a twelfth aspect, there is provided an apparatus. The apparatus comprises means for receiving a first message including first indication information of an emergency service of a terminal device and first location information indicating a location reference for a first positioning result of the terminal device; means for transmitting, to a first network device, a routing location request with a location type set to emergency routing; receiving, from the first network device, a second positioning result of the terminal device; and means for transmitting, to a third network device, a second message including second indication information of the emergency service of the terminal device and second location information indicating the second positioning result of the terminal device.
[0017] In a thirteenth aspect, there is provided an apparatus. The apparatus comprises means for transmitting, to a radio access network (RAN) node, a first message for initiating an emergency session; means for receiving, from core network, a second message including at least one ciphering key for deciphering assistance data regardless of whether the terminal device is subscribed to receive the assistance data, wherein the assistance data is ciphered and used for performing a device-based positioning procedure.
[0018] In a fourteenth aspect, there is provided an apparatus. The apparatus comprises means for receiving, from a terminal device via a radio access network (RAN) node, a third message for initiating an emergency session for the terminal device; and means for transmitting, to the RAN node, a fourth message including at least one ciphering key for deciphering assistance data regardless of whether the terminal device is subscribed to receive the assistance data, wherein the assistance data is ciphered and used for performing a device-based positioning procedure.
[0019] In a fifteenth aspect, there is provided an apparatus. The apparatus comprises means for receiving, from a first network device, a notification message indicating that an emergency session is initiated by a terminal device; and starting a positioning reference signal (PRS) transmission procedure for the terminal device.
[0020] In a sixteenth aspect, there is provided a non-transitory computer readable medium comprising program instructions for causing an apparatus to perform at least the method according to any one of the above third to fourth aspect.
[0021] In a seventeenth aspect, there is provided a computer program comprising instructions, which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus at least to perform at least the method according to any one of the above sixth to tenth aspect.
[0022] In an eighteenth aspect, there is provided a first network device. The first network device comprises circuitry configured to, based on determining that a routing location request associated with a terminal device is for an emergency call, initiate a single location procedure for multiple location reports for the terminal device; circuitry configured to, based on receiving a first routing location request from a first routing entity, transmit, to the first routing entity, a first positioning result among a first plurality of positioning results of the terminal device obtained during the single location procedure for multiple location reports; and circuitry configured to, based on receiving a second routing location request from a second routing entity, transmit, to the second routing entity, a second positioning result among a second plurality of positioning results of the terminal device obtained during the single location procedure for the multiple location reports.
[0023] In a nineteenth aspect, there is provided a second network device. The second network device comprises circuitry configured to receive a first message including first indication information of an emergency service of a terminal device and first location information indicating a location reference for a first positioning result of the terminal device; transmit, to a first network device, a routing location request with a location type set to emergency routing; circuitry configured to receive, from the first network device, a second positioning result of the terminal device; and circuitry configured to transmit, to a third network device, a second message including second indication information of the emergency service of the terminal device and second location information indicating the second positioning result of the terminal device.
[0024] In a twentieth aspect, there is provided a terminal device. The terminal device comprises circuitry configured to transmit, to a radio access network (RAN) node, a first message for initiating an emergency session; circuitry configured to receive, from core network, a second message including at least one ciphering key for deciphering assistance data regardless of whether the terminal device is subscribed to receive the assistance data, wherein the assistance data is ciphered and used for performing a device-based positioning procedure.
[0025] In a twenty-first aspect, there is provided a first network device. The first network device comprises circuitry configured to receive, from a terminal device via a radio access network (RAN) node, a third message for initiating an emergency session for the terminal device; and transmit, to the RAN node, a fourth message including at least one ciphering key for deciphering assistance data regardless of whether the terminal device is subscribed to receive the assistance data, wherein the assistance data is ciphered and used for performing a device-based positioning procedure.
[0026] In a twenty-second aspect, there is provided a second network device. The second network device comprises circuitry configured to receive, from a first network device, a notification message indicating that an emergency session is initiated by a terminal device; and circuitry configured to start a positioning reference signal (PRS) transmission procedure for the terminal device.
[0027] It is to be understood that the summary section is not intended to identify key or essential features of embodiments of the present disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0028] Some example embodiments will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
[0029] FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a network environment in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0030] FIG. 1B illustrates an example of a network environment in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented.;
[0031] FIG. 1C illustrates an example path of Next Generation 911 associated with some embodiments of this disclosure;
[0032] FIG. 1D illustrates interactions between several network devices associated with some embodiments of this disclosure;
[0033] FIG. 1E illustrates interactions between several network devices associated with some embodiments of this disclosure;
[0034] FIG. 2A illustrates a process flow of method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0035] FIG. 2B illustrates a process flow of method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0036] FIG. 3 illustrates a detailed example of interactions between a user equipment (UE) and several network devices in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0037] FIG. 4 illustrates a detailed example of interactions between a user equipment (UE) and several network devices in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0038] FIG. 5 illustrates an updated delivery of ciphering keys to UEs for broadcast assistance data in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0039] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of a method performed by an apparatus in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0040] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of a method performed by an apparatus in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0041] FIG. 8 illustrates a flowchart of a method performed by an apparatus in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0042] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of a method performed by an apparatus in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0043] FIG. 10 illustrates a flowchart of a method performed by an apparatus in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0044] FIG. 11 illustrates a simplified block diagram of a device that is suitable for implementing some example embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0045] FIG. 12 illustrates a block diagram of an example of a computer readable medium in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0046] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0047] Principles of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some example embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0048] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0049] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0050] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of example embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0051] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof. As used herein, “at least one of the following: <a list of two or more elements>” and “at least one of <a list of two or more elements>” and similar wording, where the list of two or more elements are joined by “and” or “or” , mean at least any one of the elements, or at least any two or more of the elements, or at least all the elements.
[0052] As used in this application, the term “circuitry” may refer to one or more or all of the following:
[0053] (a) hardware-only circuits (such as in analog and / or digital circuits) and
[0054] (b) combinations of hardware circuits and software, such as (as applicable) :
[0055] (i) a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuit (s) with software (e.g., firmware) ; and
[0056] (ii) any portions of hardware processor (s) with software (including digital signal processor (s) ) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a mobile phone or server, to perform various functions) and
[0057] (c) hardware circuit (s) and or processor (s) , such as a microprocessor (s) or a portion of a microprocessor (s) , that requires software (for example, firmware) for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation.
[0058] This definition of circuitry applies to all uses of this term in this application, including in any claims. As a further example, as used in this application, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (or multiple processors) or portion of a hardware circuit or processor and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware. The term circuitry also covers, for example and if applicable to the particular claim element, a baseband integrated circuit or processor integrated circuit for a mobile device or a similar integrated circuit in server, a cellular network device, or other computing or network device.
[0059] As used herein, the term “cellular network” refers to a network operating in accordance with any suitable radio access technology defined by standards, such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , new radio Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) , Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) and so on. Furthermore, the communications between a terminal device and a network device of a cellular network may be performed according to any suitable communication protocols, including, but not limited to, the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the future fifth generation (5G) communication protocols, and / or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied in various cellular networks. Given the rapid development in communications, there will of course also be future type communication technologies and systems with which the present disclosure may be embodied. It should not be seen as limiting the scope of the present disclosure to only the aforementioned system.
[0060] As used herein, the term “network device” refers to any device in a cellular network via which a terminal device accesses a data network and receives services exposed by other network devices of the cellular network. In some examples, a network device may comprise or implement a network function of a 5th generation communication system (5GS) (e.g., a core network) of a cellular network. In some examples, the network devices may be located at the RAN of the 5GS. The network device may be part of a satellite, a base station (BS) or an access point (AP) , for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a NR NB (also referred to as a gNB) , a Remote Radio Unit (RRU) , a radio header (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a relay, a low power node such as a femto, a pico node, and so forth, depending on the applied terminology and technology. A gNB may include a centralized unit CU and one or more distributed DUs. Femto and Pico nodes are small base stations with a small coverage area.
[0061] The term “terminal device” refers to a device of a communication system of a cellular network, such as a 5th generation communication system (5GS) that may be capable of wireless (e.g., radio) communication with a NR-RAN of the 5GS) . By way of example rather than limitation, a terminal device may also be referred to as a wireless communication device, user equipment (UE) , a Subscriber Station (SS) , a Portable Subscriber Station, a Mobile Station (MS) , or an Access Terminal (AT) . Examples of a terminal device include, but not limited to, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, voice over IP (VoIP) phones, wireless local loop phones, a tablet, a wearable terminal device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , portable computers, desktop computer, image capture terminal devices such as digital cameras, gaming terminal devices, music storage and playback appliances, vehicle-mounted wireless terminal devices, wireless endpoints, mobile stations, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , USB dongles, smart devices, wireless customer-premises equipment (CPE) , an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD) , a vehicle, a drone, a medical device and applications (for example, remote surgery) , an industrial device and applications (for example, a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or an automated processing chain contexts) , a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. In the following description, the terms “terminal device” , “communication device” , “terminal” , “user equipment” and “UE” may be used interchangeably.
[0062] Location-based routing is very different to the emergency location. In emergency location, as per FCC, the session can take up to 30 seconds. In other regulations (like in Japan) , the session can take even longer delay (~120 seconds) . In order not to suspend each hopping of the call routing, the routing location procedures in NG911 / NG112 requires successive, immediate accurate locations for each hop of the routing entity. Meanwhile, location procedures for each result takes much longer delay to fit into each routing / hopping device. For each positioning session, the longer duration means more measurements and better accuracy. For immediate response requested by routing LCS, the LCS session usually only provides cell based result which could be very inaccurate with big cell coverage area.
[0063] Taking NAM emergency example, next Generation 911 (commonly referred to as NG911) is a digital, internet protocol (IP) -based system that will replace the analog 911 infrastructures that’s been in place for decades. Emergency Services IP Network (ESInet) is the backbone of the NG911 system. The purpose of an ESInet is to have a reliable network to support and transport 911 calls to i3-compliant PSAPs. Following NENA standards, known as i3, ESInets support Next Generation Core Services (NGCS) . Location, Routing and Delivery are key features of ESInet.
[0064] A location-based routing requires information about the caller’s location to be available quickly enough to enable the call to be routed without delaying the normal call set-up process. In E911, normally after Gateway Mobile Location Centre (GMLC) finish location-based routing and provides ESRK as final routing result to Emergency -Call Session Control Function (E-CSCF) , no more routing procedures required. Once routing finished in GMLC, all the subsequent location results are normally triggered by PSAP for emergency dispatching. Multiple routing entities (GMLC of originating network, ESRPs of different ESInets) are involved. To avoid further delay call set-up, less delay / time is allowed for every routing entry. Since routing happens multiple times in different NEs, provide current location of caller is meaningful and critical. Moreover, the multiple available LCS results are only be used by a single client but can’t be used by consecutive routing LCS requests from multiple routing entities.
[0065] FCC requires CMRS to support location-based routing, which also means CMRS providers must provide multiple high accuracy location estimate of subscriber without delaying call set-up. This method enhances the routing based routing for ESInet and device-based location for UE. For emergency routing (of NG911 / 112) , currently UE can only perform device-based methods (DBH) plus Android or IOS proprietary assistance. But emergency position KPI is applied to the operators. Without telco network assistance, only standalone methods can be guaranteed, both UE assisted and UE based methods may not be performed (without assistance) . Assistance is the key to enhance the UE position identification. The Network Induced Location Request (NI-LR) procedure is used for a UE in the case where the UE initiates an emergency session or other session using NG-RAN. Due to this, when AMF notify the GMLC of an emergency session initiation, only serving cell ID and / or serving cell location is included in the message, but cell location would better be insufficient in location-based routing requirement due to accuracy uncertainties.
[0066] Without UE based result, as a procedure of north America emergency session, when E-CSCF of originating network requires location-based routing service via SIP or ESRP of ESiNET requires initial location for location-based routing via HELD, if no device based location is included in SIP or the location included in SIP is not accurate and trustworthy, GMLC can only provide cell location as response (which cannot satisfy accuracy requirement) , or GMLC starts a MT-LR procedure and provide MT-LR result as response (which cannot satisfy timeliness requirement) .
[0067] All of these requires CRMS providers to deploy a method to speed up all possible positioning procedures when UE initiates an emergency session. So, an accurate location can be provided collected through 5GC-MT-LR used to initiate emergency session within required timeliness.
[0068] In view of the above, example embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for store-and-forward operations in non-terrestrial networks (NTN) , particularly for handling registration in NTN store-and-forward. In the example embodiments of the present disclosure, based on determining that a routing location request associated with a terminal device is for an emergency call, a first network device may initiate a single location procedure for multiple location reports for the terminal device. Then, based on receiving a first routing location request from a first routing entity, the first network device may transmit, to the first routing entity, a first positioning result among a first plurality of positioning results of the terminal device obtained during the single location procedure for multiple location reports. In addition, based on receiving a second routing location request from a second routing entity, the first network device can transmit, to the second routing entity, a second positioning result among a second plurality of positioning results of the terminal device obtained during the single location procedure for the multiple location reports.. In this way, this disclosure meets the emergency regulatory requirements for routing. This disclosure also enables the operator network assistance to UE for the (RAT based) position and help operators to achieve independence over device implementation / vendors by RAT-assisted methods in UE.
[0069] FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a network environment 100a in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. The environment 100a may be a part of a communication network and comprise a plurality of terminal devices and network devices, such as a first network device 110a, second network device 120a, and terminal device 130a. As an example, the first network device 110a may be implemented as a Gateway Mobile Location Centre (GMLC) , Location Retrieval Function (LRF) or Location Information server (LIS) . The second network device 120a may be implemented as a state global emergency services IP network, and the terminal device 130a may be implemented as a User Equipment (UE) or an Access Terminal (AT) . The terminal device 130a may communicate and transmit various data to the first network device110a and the second network device 120a via RAN node or base station of the network environment 100a.
[0070] To transmit data and / or control information, the terminal device 130a may perform communications with the first network device 110a and second network device 120a. A link from the first network device 110a and second network device 120a to the terminal device 130a is referred to as a downlink (DL) , while a link from the terminal device 130a to the first network device 110a and second network device 120a is referred to as an uplink (UL) .
[0071] Although the first network device 110a, second network device 120a, and terminal device 130a are described in the communication environment 100a of FIG. 1A, embodiments of the present disclosure may equally apply to any other suitable communication devices in communication with one another. That is, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the exemplary scenarios of FIG. 1A. In this regard, it is noted that although the terminal device is schematically depicted as a mobile phone and the network device is schematically depicted as a server in FIG. 1A, it is understood that these depictions are exemplary in nature without suggesting any limitation. In other embodiments, the first network device 110a and the second network device 120a may be any other communication devices, for example, any other wireless communication devices.
[0072] It is to be understood that the particular number of various communication devices and the particular number of various communication links as shown in FIG. 1A is for illustration purpose only without suggesting any limitations. The communication environment 100a may include any suitable number of communication devices and any suitable number of communication links for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. In addition, it should be appreciated that there may be various wireless as well as wireline communications (if needed) among all of the communication devices.
[0073] FIG. 1B illustrates an example of a network environment 100b in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. The environment 100b may be a part of a communication network and comprise a plurality of terminal devices and network devices, such as a first network device 120b, second network device 130b, and terminal device 110b As an example, the first network device 120b may be implemented as an Access and Mobility Function (AMF) . The second network device 130b may be implemented as a location management function (LMF) , and the terminal device 110b may be implemented as a User Equipment (UE) or an Access Terminal (AT) . The terminal device 110b may communicate and transmit various data to the first network device110b and the second network device 130b via a RAN node or base station 140b of the network environment 100a.
[0074] To transmit data and / or control information, the terminal device 110b may perform communications with the first network device 120b and second network device 130b. A link from the first network device 120b and second network device 130b to the terminal device 110b is referred to as a downlink (DL) , while a link from the terminal device 110b to the first network device 120b and second network device 120b is referred to as an uplink (UL) .
[0075] Although the first network device 120b, second network device 120b, and terminal device 110b are described in the communication environment 100b of FIG. 1A, embodiments of the present disclosure may equally apply to any other suitable communication devices in communication with one another. That is, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the exemplary scenarios of FIG. 1B. In this regard, it is noted that although the terminal device is schematically depicted as a mobile phone and the network device is schematically depicted as a server in FIG. 1B, it is understood that these depictions are exemplary in nature without suggesting any limitation. In other embodiments, the first network device 120b and the second network device 130b may be any other communication devices, for example, any other wireless communication devices.
[0076] It is to be understood that the particular number of various communication devices and the particular number of various communication links as shown in FIG. 1B is for illustration purpose only without suggesting any limitations. The communication environment 100b may include any suitable number of communication devices and any suitable number of communication links for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. In addition, it should be appreciated that there may be various wireless as well as wireline communications (if needed) among all of the communication devices.
[0077] FIG. 1C illustrates an example path of Next Generation 911 associated with some embodiments of this disclosure. In NG911 100c, multiple different ESInets (global ESInet, state ESInet, Regional ESInet, etc. ) are interconnected to provide emergency call service.
[0078] To routing an emergency call in NG911, the location-based routing happens in many network functions, such as GMLC of Originating network, which acts as origination of the routing process; emergency service routing proxy (ESRP) of Global ESInet which acts as routing entity; ESRP of State ESInet which acts as routing entity; one or more Intermediate ESRPs of Regional ESInet which act as routing entity; and Terminating ESRP of Regional ESInet which is termination of the routing. All these location-based routing procedures requires accurate location of caller.
[0079] FIG. 1D illustrates interactions between several network devices associated with some embodiments of this disclosure. At 102D, Mobile Terminal-Location Request (MT- LR) procedure without UDM query may be performed. From 104d to 104.2d, multiple UE positioning in the session may be performed. At 106d, the current location of the UE may be provided. At 108d, the MT-LR procedure without UDM query may be performed.
[0080] FIG. 1E illustrates interactions between several network devices associated with some embodiments of this disclosure. At 102e, the AMF 115e may initiate 5GC-NI-LR procedure. At 104e, the AMF 115e may transmit the request to the LMF 120e. At 106e, the UE positioning may be performed among UE 105e, NG-GAN 110e, AMF 115e, and LMF 120e. At 108e, the LMF 120e may transmit the location response to the AMF 115e.
[0081] At 112e, the AMF 115e may notify the GMLC 125e. At 114e, the GMLC 125e may transmit the location information to the external client 130e. At 116e, the emergency PDU session may be released. At 118e, the GMLC 125e may be notified by the AMF 115e.
[0082] FIG. 2A illustrates a process flow of method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the process flow 200A will be described with reference to FIG. 1A. It would be appreciated that although the process flow 200A has been described referring to FIG. 1A, this process flow 200A may be likewise applied to other similar communication scenarios.
[0083] In the process flow 200a, the first network device 110a may initiate (202a) a single location procedure for multiple location reports for the terminal device based on determining that a routing location request associated with a terminal device is for an emergency call.
[0084] The first network device 110a may transmit (210a) a first positioning result 214a among a first plurality of positioning results of the terminal device obtained during the single location procedure for multiple location reports to the first routing entity or second network device 120-1a based on receiving a first routing location request 212a from a first routing entity 120-1a.
[0085] In some embodiments, the first network device 110a may transmit (222a) a second positioning result 218a among a second plurality of positioning results of the terminal device obtained during the single location procedure for the multiple location reports to the second routing entity or third network device 120-2a based on receiving (224a) a second routing location request 216a from a second routing entity 120-2a.
[0086] In some embodiments, the first network device 110a may store the first plurality of positioning results after receiving the first plurality of positioning results during the single location procedure for the multiple location reports. In some embodiments, the first network device 110a may store the second plurality of positioning results after receiving the second plurality of positioning results during the single location procedure for the multiple location reports.
[0087] In some embodiments, the first positioning result is a latest one or a most accurate one among the first plurality of positioning results having been obtained when the first routing location request is received. In some embodiments, the second positioning result is a latest one or a most accurate one among the second plurality of positioning results having been obtained when the second routing location request is received. In some embodiments, the first positioning result or the second positioning result is one of intermediate results of the single location procedure for the multiple location reports, or a final result of the single location procedure for the multiple location reports.
[0088] In some embodiments, the first network device 110a may obtain the first plurality of positioning results and the second plurality of positioning results by based on receiving a candidate positioning result of the terminal device during the single location procedure for the multiple location reports, comparing the candidate positioning result with at least one positioning result previously stored during the single location procedure for the multiple location reports. If the candidate positioning result is different from the at least one positioning result, the first network device 110a can store the candidate positioning result as a positioning result of the terminal device. If the candidate positioning result is the same as one of the at least one positioning result, the first network device 110a can discard the candidate positioning result.
[0089] In some embodiments, the first network device 110a may be caused by emergency trigger or session and / or first routing entity to initiate the single location procedure for the multiple location reports by starting the single location procedure for the multiple location reports internally with core network without an external LCS request with an intermediate type. In some embodiments, the first network device 110a may register or subscribe to an AMF for a mobility event of the terminal device, based on receiving information of a mobility event of the terminal device, determine whether to continue or repeat the single location procedure for the multiple location reports.
[0090] In some embodiments, the first network device 110a may refresh a location service (LCS) session associated with the single location procedure for the multiple location reports based on determining that the single location procedure for the multiple location reports ends before a routing process of the emergency call, in the event that at least one of the following: (i) an emergency session for the emergency call under initiating, or (ii) the routing process has not reached a public safety answering point (PSAP) .
[0091] In some embodiments, the first network device 110a may determine that call routing for the emergency call is finished based on at least one of (i) a request for an emergency dispatching location is received, or (ii) no routing location request is received for a period. In some embodiments, the first network device 110a may be based on determining that call routing for the emergency call is finished, remove stored positioning results of the terminal device immediately, or after a configurable delay, or after the emergency call is terminated.
[0092] In some embodiments, the routing location request includes: a session initiation protocol (SIP) invite message received from an emergency -call session control function (E-CSCF) ; or a hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) -enabled location delivery (HELD) emergency routing location request received from an emergency service routing proxy (ESRP) .
[0093] In some embodiments, the first routing entity or the second routing entity comprises at least one of the following: an E-CSCF; an ESRP of a global emergency services IP network (ESInet) ; an ESRP of a state ESInet; an ESRP of a regional ESInet; or any ESRP of any ESInet In some embodiments, the first network device 110a is a gateway mobile location center (GMLC) or location retrieval function (LRF) or network exposure function (NEF) or any network function which acts as a location information server (LIS) .
[0094] In some embodiments, the second network device 120-1a may receive (228a) a first message 230a including first indication information of an emergency service of a terminal device and first location information indicating a location reference for a first positioning result of the terminal device 130a transmitted (232a) from the fourth network device 140a. The fourth network device 140 may be a E-CSCF. The second network device 120-1a may transmit (204) a routing location request 212a with a location type set to emergency routing to the first network device 110a. In some embodiments, the second network device 120-1a may receive (208) a second positioning result 214a of the terminal device 130a from the first network device 110a.
[0095] In some embodiments, the second network device 120-1a may transmit (232) a second message 234a including second indication information of the emergency service of the terminal device and second location information indicating the second positioning result of the terminal device to a third network device 120-2a.
[0096] In some embodiments, the first message or the second message is a session initiation protocol (SIP) invite message, the first indication information and the second indication information is an emergency service uniform resource name (URN) , or the location reference is a hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) -enabled location delivery (HELD) uniform resource identifier (URI) . In some embodiments, the first network device 110a is a gateway mobile location center (GLMC) or a location information server (LIS) . In some other embodiments, the second network device or the third network device is any ESInet.
[0097] FIG. 2B illustrates a process flow of method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the process flow 200B will be described with reference to FIG. 1B. It would be appreciated that although the process flow 200A has been described referring to FIG. 1B, this process flow 200B may be likewise applied to other similar communication scenarios.
[0098] In the process flow 200b, the terminal device 110b may transmit, to a radio access network (RAN) node 140, a first message 204b for initiating an emergency session. In some embodiments, the terminal device 110b may receive, from core network or RAN 140b, a second message 210including at least one ciphering key for deciphering assistance data regardless of whether the terminal device is subscribed to receive the assistance data. The assistance data is ciphered and used for performing a device-based positioning procedure.
[0099] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110b may be based on detecting the assistance data which is broadcasted, decipher the assistance data using the at least one ciphering key and perform the device-based positioning procedure using the deciphered assistance data.
[0100] In some embodiments, the terminal device 110b may perform the device-based positioning procedure based on positioning reference signals (PRS) transmitted to the terminal device. The transmission of the PRS is proactively determined by a location management function (LMF) . In other words, the PRS can be automatically transmitted without a request from the terminal device 110b.
[0101] In some embodiments, the first network device 120b may receive (218b) , transmitted (214b) from a terminal device via a radio access network (RAN) node 140b, a third message 216b for initiating an emergency session for the terminal device; and
[0102] In some embodiments, the first network device 120b may transmit (220b) , to the RAN node 140b, a fourth message 222b including at least one ciphering key for deciphering assistance data regardless of whether the terminal device is subscribed to receive the assistance data. The assistance data is ciphered and used for performing a device-based positioning procedure.
[0103] In some embodiments, the first network device 120b may transmit, to a second network device, a notification message indicating that the emergency session is initiated by the terminal device. Then, the first network device 120b may receive, from the second network device, a cell-based location of the terminal device. In some embodiments, the first network device 120b is an access and mobility management function (AMF) . In some embodiments, the second network device 130b is a location management function (LMF) .
[0104] In some embodiments, the second network device 130b may receive (230b) , transmitted (226b) from a first network device 120b, a notification message 228 indicating that an emergency session is initiated by a terminal device. In some embodiments, the second network device 130b may start (232) a positioning reference signal (PRS) transmission procedure for the terminal device.
[0105] In some embodiments, the second network device 130b may obtain assistance data for the terminal device to perform a device-based positioning procedure. Then, the second network device 130b can cipher the assistance data using at least one ciphering key. Afterwards, the second network device 130b can cause the ciphered assistance data to be broadcasted. In some embodiments, the ciphered assistance data is broadcasted without interacting with the terminal device for capability information of the terminal device.
[0106] In some embodiments, the second network device 130b may cause the assistance data to be broadcasted for a period without ciphering. In some embodiments, the second network device 130b may be based on receiving the notification message, transmit, to the first network device, a cell-based location of the terminal device. In some embodiments, the second network device 130b may start the PRS transmission procedure by the initiation of emergency session through configuring a PRS configuration for a serving radio access network (RAN) node or a tracking area of the terminal device. In some further embodiments, the first network device is an access and mobility management function (AMF) . In addition, the second network device is a location management function (LMF) .
[0107] FIG. 3 illustrates a detailed example of interactions 300 between a user equipment (UE) and several network devices in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that FIG. 3 can be deemed as a further example of the process flow 200a. For example, the UE 305 may be example devices of the terminal device 130a, the GMLC or LIS 325 may be the example devices of the first network device 110a, and the state ESInet 330 may be the example devices of the second network device 120a. It is to be understood that these devices are described only for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. This process will be described in detail as follows.
[0108] Gateway Mobile Location Centre (GMLC) 325 may recognize the routing location request, such as SIP INVITE / SIP MESSAGE from E-CSCF, HELD emergency routing request from ESInet. The GMLC 325 may then start Multiple Location Report (MLR) internally with AMF 315 (without the need for external routing request with INTERMEDIATE type) . Then, multiple MLR results may be cached in GMLC to satisfy the immediate request or reply from routing entities in NG911.
[0109] In some embodiments, if MLR session ends before the routing process, the GMLC 325 may also register to AMF 315 for the mobility event and refresh the Location Services (LCS) session, as long as the EME session is ongoing (not ended by the event report from AMF 315 to GMLC 325) and the routing has not reached the PSAP (not receiving the emergency dispatch, update, or rebid requests from peer yet) . The GMLC 325 may accumulate location information reported by AMF 315 or LMF via Namf_Location_EventNotify. The GMLC 325 may answer immediately to requests from routing entities in NG911 (support of next generation emergency services) .
[0110] This disclosure also defines a rule to guide routing entity (such as, GMLC, ESRP) when to use location-by-value and when to location-by-reference to speedup routing without compromise routing accuracy.
[0111] As illustrated in FIG. 3, at 302, the UE 305 may initiate an IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) emergency registration process. For example, the UE 305 may call for emergency service (e.g., 911, 112) . At 304, the UE 305 may send an emergency call origination (i.e., a SIP INVITE) to an Emergency -Call Session Control Function (E-CSCF) 320 in IMS originating network.
[0112] At 306, the E-CSCF 320 may forward the SIP INVITE with an emergency services Uniform Resource Name (URN) as request Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) to the Location Retrieval Function (LRF) or GMLC 325, such as INVITE urn: service: sos SIP / 2.0.
[0113] At 308, the GMLC 325 may identify the request is for emergency call routing purposes (such as, SIP INVITE from E-CSCF 320, HELD emergency routing location request from Emergency Services Routing Proxy (ESRP) ) . The GMLC 308 may trigger the MLR session.
[0114] Instead of trigger a MT-LR procedure which return only one location, the GMLC 325 may initiate 5GC-MT-LR multiple location procedure (MLR) for the target device. The GMLC 325 may include acceptance of INTERMEDIATE response and maximum response time, depending on time budget allowed in originating network, normally 1 second, maximum 3 seconds.
[0115] At 308-1, for any positioning result of MLR sessions, the AMF 315 may send Namf_Location_EventNotify to the GMLC 325. At 308-2, the GMLC 325 may cache, compare, or discard received LMF location report. In some embodiments, step 308-1 and 308-2 may happen multiple times to handle the multiple UE positioning results collected during MLR session.
[0116] At 312, the LRF may query the Routing Determination Function (RDF) using the location information and the RDF may return a Route URI. In case the location info currently available does not fulfill routing location accuracy requirement, when the GMLC 325 doesn’t include the location data in response (location-by-value) , the GMLC 325 may include a HELD URI (location-by-reference) instead. The HELD URI implies the location information GMLC currently have does not fulfill routing requirement. This enables all routing entities access the HELD URI to get latest or best location.
[0117] At 314, the E-CSCF 320 may generate an outgoing SIP INVITE message (with emergency service URN and HELD URI) and route call to the URI GMC or LRF returned. At 316, The ESRP of in the state ESInet 330 may access the HELD URI to request location from LIS. It sends a HELD deference request with location type set to emergency-routing. At 318, if there is no ongoing MLR session, the GMLC 325 may trigger MLR session and collect location data use procedure described in 308, 308-1 and 308-2.
[0118] At 322, the GMLC 325 may use either the latest or most accurate or appropriate cached results as an immediate response or use the INTERMEDIATE / FINAL result from MLR session. At 324, the ESRP 330 may query an Emergency Call Routing Function (ECRF) to get next hop URI.
[0119] At 326, the ESRP 330 may generate an outgoing SIP INVITE message (with emergency service URN) and route call to the URI ECRF returned (in this example, regional ESInet) . If the location ESRP receive fulfill routing accuracy requirement, the ESRP 330 may include location in response directly (location-by-value) ; if not, the ESRP 330 may include a HELD URI.
[0120] At 328, The ESRP in regional ESInet 335 may also needs to get caller location, get next hop URI from ECRF, generate SIP INVITE message and route call to next hop address ECRF provided. In this example, the NG-PSAP 340. In some embodiments, the GMLC 325 may determine if emergency call routing has been finished by at least one of following: when NG-PSAP sends HELD request for emergency dispatching location to GMLC, or when no new emergency LCS request received by the GMLC 325 for a period.
[0121] Once the GMLC 325 finds emergency call routing is finished, the GMLC 325 may clear all cached location immediately, or after a configurable delay, or after the emergency call is terminated. For the UE mobility, HO across cells or gNBs, the continuous routing or LCS may support for emergency case. The GMLC 325 may subscribe to AMF 315 through Namf_EventExposure_Subscribe request with the mobility events. Upon serving cell change of UE, the GMLC 325 may decide whether to continue or repeat the enhanced MLR procedure defined above.
[0122] GMLC can use the replied information from LMF, Position Methods Used (in the case of success indication provided) to determine the logic when UE has changed its serving cell / TAC. When the current candidate location estimate has dependency over the serving cell of the target UE, the MLR LCS session may be restarted. This includes the positioning methods like CI, NR / UTRAN E-CID with signal strength and timing advance measurements of serving cell.
[0123] When the positioning methods is RAT-independent including GNSS, etc., the GMLC 325 may continue to use the location results of ongoing MLR session. When the positioning methods contains both serving cell measurements and neighbouring cell measurements, the GMLC 325 may use QoS and other criteria in location context to decide whether to continue or repeat the LCS session.
[0124] The GMLC 325 may initiate a new MLR procedure to retrieve the most recent location of UE 305 and reply to PSAP for dispatching purposes. All MLR procedures should be stopped and the cached location should be cleared after the emergency call is terminated.
[0125] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the GMLC 325 may reuse the subscription to AMF 315 through Namf_EventExposure_Subscribe request with the mobility events as described below.
[0126] The LMF may use QoS context, ongoing positioning measurements, etc., to decide whether to continue or repeat the current session. The LMF processing logic can be handled transparently to GMLC 325.
[0127] FIG. 4 illustrates a detailed example of interactions 400 between a user equipment (UE) and several network devices in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that FIG. 4 can be deemed as a further example of the process flow 200b. For example, the UE 405 may be example devices of the terminal device 110b the AMF 415 may be the example devices of the first network device 120b, and the LMF 420 may be the example devices of the second network device 130b. It is to be understood that these devices are described only for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. This process will be described in detail as follows.
[0128] The disclosure enables pro-active telco network RAT or non-RAT assistance to enable UE 405 with full capabilities of position methods. With assistance available, the UE 405 may also reduce its delay in positioning identification (DBH result generation) in order to meet both accuracy and timing regulatory requirements (by FCC, etc. ) . Thereby, this disclosure enhances the emergency location procedure. In general, UE Positioning involves two main steps: signal measurements, and position estimate and optional velocity computation based on the measurements.
[0129] In a positioning procedure, both device and LMF 420 may finish position estimate computation very fast, most time is used for following activities, including but not limited to: device capacities negotiation; assistant data request, generation, and transmission; radio positioning reference signal (PRS) configuration; radio / GNSS signal measurement collection (measurement collection speed mainly depends on device, signal strength, weather, UE environment, etc. ) .
[0130] The following methods may be used to make PRS and assistance data ready and available to the UE, which will improve positioning speed during emergency calls. In some embodiments, the AMF 415 may distribute ciphering keys to UEs 405 no matter UE is subscribed to receive ciphered broadcast data or not, and this allows UE 405 to decipher assistance data in case assistance data is ciphered. This process makes the UE 405 without a valid subscription or without enough credit (using PEI for the emergency session) access to all the LCS assistance.
[0131] In some embodiments, the AMF 415 may trigger LMF 420 of an emergency session initiation and the LMF 420 may return cell-based location to avoid any delays before AMF’s notification to GMLC. In some further embodiments, the LMF 420 may configure appropriate PRS for the serving NG-RAN node or tracking area of UE if not already. In some examples, the LMF 420 may broadcast all possible radio and GNSS assistant data without interacting with UE for device capacities.
[0132] With the above proactive assistance, the UE 405 may choose the appropriate positioning methods based on its capabilities and provide better DBH results, rather than standalone results without operator RAT independent or dependent assistance. The proactive PRS transmission and assistance data broadcasting procedure for emergency session initiation may be shown in FIG. 4. It allows UE 405 under an emergency call may perform device-based positioning using the assistance data being broadcasted even if the subscriber does not have a subscription to such data and without LPP procedures with the LMF. On-demand PRS and GNSS assistance data broadcasting may also be triggered automatically. FIG. 4 illustrates an updated / new Network Induced Location Request (NI-LR) procedure for a UE in the case where the UE initiates an emergency session only. The updated procedure may be used for emergency service only.
[0133] At 402, the UE 405 may register to the network for emergency services or request the establishment of a PDU Session related to an applicable regulatory service (e.g. emergency session initiation) . At 404, the AMF 415 may select an LMF based on NRF query or configuration in AMF and invoke the Nlmf_Location_DetermineLocation service operation towards the LMF 420 to request the current location of the UE. In this embodiments, LMF 420 may be notified of the emergency session that has been initiated to enable the feature.
[0134] At 406, instead of performing any time consuming positioning procedures, the LMF 420 may immediately respond with the cell ID based position of the UE, and take it as a trigger for enabling all possible assistance data in such area. This step suggests a different way about how should the LMF 420 handle emergency session initiation requests. It avoids unnecessary positioning procedure (5GC-NI-LR is not reliable signal to identify emergency session initiation, SIP signal is reliable to identify IP / IMS based emergency call. ) The LMF 420 may minimizes the delay to AMF’s notification to GMLC 425.
[0135] At 408, the LMF 420 may return the Nlmf_Location_DetermineLocation Response to the AMF 415 with the current cell-id-based location of the UE 405. Step 408-A, with the RAT type, cell information from AMF 415, The LMF 420 may start an On-Demand PRS transmission procedure which allows LMF 420 to have RAN transmit PRS for UE 405 if not transmitted. Step 408-B, with the RAT type, cell information from AMF 415, the LMF 420 may generate or collect all possible radio and GNSS non-UE related assistance data and may reuse the ciphering key shared to UE at 402, and, the LMF 420 may broadcast these data in the area if not already. For emergency service, the LMF 420 may also decide to broadcast assistance without ciphering for a short period.
[0136] At 408-C, when the UE 405 detects there are unsolicited assistance data available, the UE 405 may use the assistance data and based on its capabilities, and start UE based positioning procedure to retrieve a high accurate UE location estimate. At 412, the AMF 415 may invoke the Namf_Location_EventNotify service operation towards the selected GMLC 425 to notify the GMLC 425 of an emergency session initiation. The added steps 408-A and 408-B are controlled by the LMF 420, step 408-C is managed by UE, these steps don’t impact / delay 412 from happening. At 414, the GMLC 425 may transmit the location information to external client 430. At 416, the emergency PDU session may be released among the UE 405, NG-RAN 410, and the AMF 415. At 418, the AMF 415 may invoke the Namf_Location_EventNotify service operation towards the selected GMLC 425.
[0137] The ciphering keys of assistance data are distributed to UE 405 only when UE 405 has valid broadcast data subscriptions, this means UE 405 without proper subscription may not be benefited the proactive assistance data. To allow all UE to decipher broadcast assistance data that was ciphered by the LMF 420, for emergency registration, the AMF 415 may distribute ciphering keys to UEs no matter UE is subscribed to receive ciphered broadcast data or not.
[0138] FIG. 5 illustrates an updated delivery of ciphering keys to UEs for broadcast assistance data in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0139] At 502, the LMF 520 may transmit a Nlmf Broadcast CipheringKeyData Notify, including ciphering keys, to the AMF 515. At 504, the AMF 515 may store the ciphering keys. At 506, the UE 505 may transmit a registration request which type is emergency service to the RAN node 510. At 510, the RAN node 510 may select or determine a AMF 515. At 512, the RAN node 510 may then transmit the registration request to the selected AMF 515.
[0140] At 516, the AMF may return a Registration Accept to the RAN node 510. In case registration request is for emergency service, no matter UE is subscribed to receive ciphered broadcast data, the AMF 515 may include in the Registration Accept one or more ciphering keys applicable to the current tracking area for the UE. For non-emergency registration case, if the UE 505 is subscribed to receive ciphered broadcast data, the AMF 515 may include in the Registration Accept one or more ciphering keys applicable to the current tracking area for the UE 505. At 518, the RAN node 510 may forward the Registration Accept to the UE 505. At 522, the AMF 515 may delete the one or more ciphering keys.
[0141] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of a method 600 performed by an apparatus in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 600 will be described from the perspective of the first network device 110a with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0142] At block 602, based on determining that a routing location request associated with a terminal device is for an emergency call, the first network device 110a may initiate a single location procedure for multiple location reports for the terminal device. At block 604, the first network device 110a based on receiving a first routing location request from a first routing entity, transmit, to the first routing entity, a first positioning result among a first plurality of positioning results of the terminal device obtained during the single location procedure for multiple location reports. At block 606, based on receiving a second routing location request from a second routing entity, the first network device 110a may transmit, to the second routing entity, a second positioning result among a second plurality of positioning results of the terminal device obtained during the single location procedure for the multiple location reports.
[0143] In some embodiments, the first network device may store the first plurality of positioning results after receiving the first plurality of positioning results during the single location procedure for the multiple location reports; and store the second plurality of positioning results after receiving the second plurality of positioning results during the single location procedure for the multiple location reports.
[0144] In some embodiments, the first positioning result is a latest one or a most accurate one among the first plurality of positioning results having been obtained when the first routing location request is received; or the second positioning result is a latest one or a most accurate one among the second plurality of positioning results having been obtained when the second routing location request is received.
[0145] In some embodiments, the first positioning result or the second positioning result is one of the following: one of intermediate results of the single location procedure for the multiple location reports; or a final result of the single location procedure for the multiple location reports.
[0146] In some embodiments, the first network device may obtain the first plurality of positioning results and the second plurality of positioning results by: based on receiving a candidate positioning result of the terminal device during the single location procedure for the multiple location reports, comparing the candidate positioning result with at least one positioning result previously stored during the single location procedure for the multiple location reports; based on the candidate positioning result is different from the at least one positioning result, storing the candidate positioning result as a positioning result of the terminal device; and based on the candidate positioning result is the same as one of the at least one positioning result, discarding the candidate positioning result.
[0147] In some embodiments, the first network device may be caused by emergency trigger or session and / or first routing entity to initiate the single location procedure for the multiple location reports by: starting the single location procedure for the multiple location reports internally with core network without an external LCS request with an intermediate type.
[0148] In some embodiments, the first network device may register or subscribe to an AMF for a mobility event of the terminal device; and based on receiving information of a mobility event of the terminal device, determine whether to continue or repeat the single location procedure for the multiple location reports.
[0149] In some embodiments, the first network device may refresh a location service (LCS) session associated with the single location procedure for the multiple location reports based on determining that the single location procedure for the multiple location reports ends before a routing process of the emergency call, in the event that at least one of the following: (i) an emergency session for the emergency call under initiating, or (ii) the routing process has not reached a public safety answering point (PSAP) .
[0150] In some embodiments, the first network device may determine that call routing for the emergency call is finished based on at least one of (i) a request for an emergency dispatching location is received, or (ii) no routing location request is received for a period.
[0151] In some embodiments, based on determining that call routing for the emergency call is finished, the first network device may remove stored positioning results of the terminal device immediately, or after a configurable delay, or after the emergency call is terminated.
[0152] In some embodiments, the routing location request is one of the following: a session initiation protocol (SIP) invite message received from an emergency -call session control function (E-CSCF) ; or a hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) -enabled location delivery (HELD) emergency routing location request received from an emergency service routing proxy (ESRP) . In some embodiments, the first routing entity or the second routing entity comprises at least one of the following: an E-CSCF; an ESRP of a global emergency services IP network (ESInet) ; an ESRP of a state ESInet; an ESRP of a regional ESInet; or any ESRP of any ESInet.
[0153] In some embodiments, the first network device may be a gateway mobile location center (GMLC) or location retrieval function (LRF) or network exposure function (NEF) or any network function which acts as a location information server (LIS) .
[0154] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of a method 700 performed by an apparatus in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 700 will be described from the perspective of the second network device 120a with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0155] At block 702, the second network device 120a may receive a first message including first indication information of an emergency service of a terminal device and first location information indicating a location reference for a first positioning result of the terminal device. At 704, the second network device 120a may transmit, to a first network device, a routing location request with a location type set to emergency routing. At 706, the second network device 120a may receive, from the first network device, a second positioning result of the terminal device. At 708, the second network device 120a may transmit, to a third network device, a second message including second indication information of the emergency service of the terminal device and second location information indicating the second positioning result of the terminal device.
[0156] In some embodiments, the first message or the second message is a session initiation protocol (SIP) invite message; the first indication information and the second indication information is an emergency service uniform resource name (URN) ; or the location reference is a hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) -enabled location delivery (HELD) uniform resource identifier (URI) . In some embodiments, the first network device is a gateway mobile location center (GLMC) or a location information server (LIS) ; or the second network device or the third network device is any ESInet.
[0157] FIG. 8 illustrates a flowchart of a method 800 performed by an apparatus in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 800 will be described from the perspective of the terminal device 110b with reference to FIG. 1B.
[0158] At 802, the terminal device 110b may transmit, to a radio access network (RAN) node, a first message for initiating an emergency session. At 804, the terminal device 110b may receive, from core network, a second message including at least one ciphering key for deciphering assistance data regardless of whether the terminal device is subscribed to receive the assistance data, wherein the assistance data is ciphered and used for performing a device-based positioning procedure.
[0159] In some embodiments, based on detecting the assistance data which is broadcasted, the terminal device may decipher the assistance data using the at least one ciphering key; and perform the device-based positioning procedure using the deciphered assistance data. In some embodiments, the terminal device may perform the device-based positioning procedure based on positioning reference signals (PRS) transmitted to the terminal device, wherein the transmission of the PRS is proactively determined by a location management function (LMF) .
[0160] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of a method 900 performed by an apparatus in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 900 will be described from the perspective of the first network device 120b with reference to FIG. 1B.
[0161] At 902, the first network device 120b may receive, from a terminal device via a radio access network (RAN) node, a third message for initiating an emergency session for the terminal device. At 904, the first network device 120b may transmit, to the RAN node, a fourth message including at least one ciphering key for deciphering assistance data regardless of whether the terminal device is subscribed to receive the assistance data, wherein the assistance data is ciphered and used for performing a device-based positioning procedure.
[0162] In some embodiments, the first network device may transmit, to a second network device, a notification message indicating that the emergency session is initiated by the terminal device; and receive, from the second network device, a cell-based location of the terminal device. In some embodiments, the first network device is an access and mobility management function (AMF) ; or the second network device is a location management function (LMF) .
[0163] FIG. 10 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1000 performed by an apparatus in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 1000 will be described from the perspective of the second network device 130b with reference to FIG. 1B.
[0164] At 1002, the second network device 130b may receive, from a first network device, a notification message indicating that an emergency session is initiated by a terminal device. At 1004, the second network device 130b may start a positioning reference signal (PRS) transmission procedure for the terminal device.
[0165] In some embodiments, the second network device may obtain assistance data for the terminal device to perform a device-based positioning procedure; cipher the assistance data using at least one ciphering key; and cause the ciphered assistance data to be broadcasted.
[0166] In some embodiments, the ciphered assistance data is broadcasted without interacting with the terminal device for capability information of the terminal device.
[0167] In some embodiments, the second network device may cause the assistance data to be broadcasted for a period without ciphering. In some embodiments, the second network device may be based on receiving the notification message, transmit, to the first network device, a cell-based location of the terminal device. In some embodiments, the second network device may start the PRS transmission procedure by the initiation of emergency session through configuring a PRS configuration for a serving radio access network (RAN) node or a tracking area of the terminal device. the first network device is an access and mobility management function (AMF) ; or the second network device is a location management function (LMF) .
[0168] In some embodiments, a device (e.g., a first network device 110a, second network device 120a etc. ) may comprise an apparatus capable of performing the methods 600-1000. In some embodiments, the apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the methods 600-1000. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented as a circuitry or a software module.
[0169] In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises means for based on determining that a routing location request associated with a terminal device is for an emergency call, initiating a single location procedure for multiple location reports for the terminal device. In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises means for based on receiving a first routing location request from a first routing entity, transmitting, to the first routing entity, a first positioning result among a first plurality of positioning results of the terminal device obtained during the single location procedure for multiple location reports. In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises means for based on receiving a second routing location request from a second routing entity, transmitting, to the second routing entity, a second positioning result among a second plurality of positioning results of the terminal device obtained during the single location procedure for the multiple location reports.
[0170] In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises means for storing the first plurality of positioning results after receiving the first plurality of positioning results during the single location procedure for the multiple location reports; and storing the second plurality of positioning results after receiving the second plurality of positioning results during the single location procedure for the multiple location reports.
[0171] In some embodiments, the first positioning result is a latest one or a most accurate one among the first plurality of positioning results having been obtained when the first routing location request is received; or the second positioning result is a latest one or a most accurate one among the second plurality of positioning results having been obtained when the second routing location request is received.
[0172] In some embodiments, the first positioning result or the second positioning result is one of the following: one of intermediate results of the single location procedure for the multiple location reports; or a final result of the single location procedure for the multiple location reports.
[0173] In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises means for obtaining the first plurality of positioning results and the second plurality of positioning results by: based on receiving a candidate positioning result of the terminal device during the single location procedure for the multiple location reports, comparing the candidate positioning result with at least one positioning result previously stored during the single location procedure for the multiple location reports; based on the candidate positioning result is different from the at least one positioning result, storing the candidate positioning result as a positioning result of the terminal device; and based on the candidate positioning result is the same as one of the at least one positioning result, discarding the candidate positioning result.
[0174] In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises means for emergency trigger or session and / or first routing entity to initiate the single location procedure for the multiple location reports by: starting the single location procedure for the multiple location reports internally with core network without an external LCS request with an intermediate type.
[0175] In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises means for registering or subscribe to an AMF for a mobility event of the terminal device; and based on receiving information of a mobility event of the terminal device, determine whether to continue or repeat the single location procedure for the multiple location reports.
[0176] In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises means for refreshing a location service (LCS) session associated with the single location procedure for the multiple location reports based on determining that the single location procedure for the multiple location reports ends before a routing process of the emergency call, in the event that at least one of the following: (i) an emergency session for the emergency call under initiating, or (ii) the routing process has not reached a public safety answering point (PSAP) .
[0177] In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises means for determining that call routing for the emergency call is finished based on at least one of (i) a request for an emergency dispatching location is received, or (ii) no routing location request is received for a period.
[0178] In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises means for based on determining that call routing for the emergency call is finished, removing stored positioning results of the terminal device immediately, or after a configurable delay, or after the emergency call is terminated.
[0179] In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises means for the routing location request is one of the following: a session initiation protocol (SIP) invite message received from an emergency -call session control function (E-CSCF) ; or a hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) -enabled location delivery (HELD) emergency routing location request received from an emergency service routing proxy (ESRP) . In some embodiments, the first routing entity or the second routing entity comprises at least one of the following: an E-CSCF; an ESRP of a global emergency services IP network (ESInet) ; an ESRP of a state ESInet; an ESRP of a regional ESInet; or any ESRP of any ESInet.
[0180] In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises means for a gateway mobile location center (GMLC) or location retrieval function (LRF) or network exposure function (NEF) or any network function which acts as a location information server (LIS) .
[0181] In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises means for performing other steps in some embodiments of the method 600. In some embodiments, the means comprises at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the performance of the apparatus.
[0182] In some embodiments, an apparatus capable of performing any of the method 700 may be part of a network device 120a and may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 700. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0183] In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises means for receiving a first message including first indication information of an emergency service of a terminal device and first location information indicating a location reference for a first positioning result of the terminal device. In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises means for transmitting, to a first network device, a routing location request with a location type set to emergency routing. In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises means for receiving, from the first network device, a second positioning result of the terminal device. In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises means for transmitting to a third network device, a second message including second indication information of the emergency service of the terminal device and second location information indicating the second positioning result of the terminal device.
[0184] In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises means for the first message or the second message is a session initiation protocol (SIP) invite message; the first indication information and the second indication information is an emergency service uniform resource name (URN) ; or the location reference is a hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) -enabled location delivery (HELD) uniform resource identifier (URI) . In some embodiments, the first network device is a gateway mobile location center (GLMC) or a location information server (LIS) ; or the second network device or the third network device is any ESInet.
[0185] In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises means for performing other steps in some embodiments of the method 700. In some embodiments, the means comprises at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the performance of the apparatus.
[0186] In some embodiments, an apparatus capable of performing any of the method 800 may be part of a terminal device 110b and may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 800. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0187] In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises means for transmitting, to a radio access network (RAN) node, a first message for initiating an emergency session. At 804, the terminal device 110b may receive, from core network, a second message including at least one ciphering key for deciphering assistance data regardless of whether the terminal device is subscribed to receive the assistance data, wherein the assistance data is ciphered and used for performing a device-based positioning procedure.
[0188] In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises means for based on detecting the assistance data which is broadcasted, decipher the assistance data using the at least one ciphering key; and perform the device-based positioning procedure using the deciphered assistance data. In some embodiments, the terminal device may perform the device-based positioning procedure based on positioning reference signals (PRS) transmitted to the terminal device, wherein the transmission of the PRS is proactively determined by a location management function (LMF) .
[0189] In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises means for performing other steps in some embodiments of the method 800. In some embodiments, the means comprises at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the performance of the apparatus.
[0190] In some embodiments, an apparatus capable of performing any of the method 900 may be part of a network device 120b and may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 900. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0191] In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises means for receiving, from a terminal device via a radio access network (RAN) node, a third message for initiating an emergency session for the terminal device. In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises means for transmitting, to the RAN node, a fourth message including at least one ciphering key for deciphering assistance data regardless of whether the terminal device is subscribed to receive the assistance data, wherein the assistance data is ciphered and used for performing a device-based positioning procedure.
[0192] In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises means for transmitting, to a second network device, a notification message indicating that the emergency session is initiated by the terminal device; and receive, from the second network device, a cell-based location of the terminal device. In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises means for an access and mobility management function (AMF) ; or the second network device is a location management function (LMF) .
[0193] In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises means for performing other steps in some embodiments of the method 8900. In some embodiments, the means comprises at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the performance of the apparatus.
[0194] In some embodiments, an apparatus capable of performing any of the method 1000 may be part of a network device 130b and may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 1000. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0195] In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises means for receiving, from a first network device, a notification message indicating that an emergency session is initiated by a terminal device. In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises means for starting a positioning reference signal (PRS) transmission procedure for the terminal device.
[0196] In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises means for obtaining assistance data for the terminal device to perform a device-based positioning procedure; cipher the assistance data using at least one ciphering key; and cause the ciphered assistance data to be broadcasted.
[0197] In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises means for the ciphered assistance data is broadcasted without interacting with the terminal device for capability information of the terminal device.
[0198] In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises means for causing the assistance data to be broadcasted for a period without ciphering. In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises means for based on receiving the notification message, transmitting, to the first network device, a cell-based location of the terminal device. In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises means for starting the PRS transmission procedure by the initiation of emergency session through configuring a PRS configuration for a serving radio access network (RAN) node or a tracking area of the terminal device. the first network device is an access and mobility management function (AMF) ; or the second network device is a location management function (LMF) .
[0199] FIG. 11 illustrates a simplified block diagram of a device 1100 that is suitable for implementing some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 1100 may be provided to implement a communication device, for example, the terminal device 130 and the network devices 110, 120 as shown in FIG. 1. As shown, the device 1100 includes one or more processors 1110, one or more memories 1120 coupled to the processor 1110, and one or more communication modules 1140 coupled to the processor 1110.
[0200] The communication module 1140 is for bidirectional communications. The communication module 1140 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication. The communication interface may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements.
[0201] The processor 1110 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may include one or more of the following: general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The device 1100 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
[0202] The memory 1120 may include one or more non-volatile memories and one or more volatile memories. Examples of the non-volatile memories include, but are not limited to, a Read Only Memory (ROM) 1124, an electrically programmable read only memory (EPROM) , a flash memory, a hard disk, a compact disc (CD) , a digital video disk (DVD) , and other magnetic storage and / or optical storage. Examples of the volatile memories include, but are not limited to, a random access memory (RAM) 1122 and other volatile memories that will not last in the power-down duration.
[0203] A computer program 1130 includes computer executable instructions that are executed by the associated processor 1110. The program 1130 may be stored in the ROM 1124. The processor 1110 may perform any suitable actions and processing by loading the program 1130 into the RAM 1122.
[0204] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented by means of the program 1130 so that the device 1100 may perform any process of the disclosure as discussed with reference to FIGS. 2A to 10. The embodiments of the present disclosure may also be implemented by hardware or by a combination of software and hardware.
[0205] In some example embodiments, the program 1130 may be tangibly contained in a computer readable medium which may be included in the device 1100 (such as in the memory 1120) or other storage devices that are accessible by the device 1100. The device 1100 may load the program 1130 from the computer readable medium to the RAM 1122 for execution. The computer readable medium may include any types of tangible non-volatile storage, such as ROM, EPROM, a flash memory, a hard disk, CD, DVD, and the like.
[0206] FIG. 12 illustrates a block diagram of an example of a computer readable medium 1200 in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The computer readable medium 1200 has the program 1230 stored thereon. It is noted that although the computer readable medium 1200 is depicted in form of CD or DVD in FIG. 12, the computer readable medium 1200 may be in any other form suitable for carry or hold the program 1230.
[0207] Generally, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. While various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representations, it is to be understood that the block, apparatus, system, technique or method described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0208] The present disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target real or virtual processor, to carry out the method 600, 700, 800, 900, and 1000 as described above with reference to FIGS. 6 or 10. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
[0209] Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program codes, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
[0210] In the context of the present disclosure, the computer program codes or related data may be carried by any suitable carrier to enable the device, apparatus or processor to perform various processes and operations as described above. Examples of the carrier include a signal, computer readable medium, and the like.
[0211] The computer readable medium may be a computer readable signal medium or a computer readable storage medium. A computer readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the computer readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. The term “non-transitory, ” as used herein, is a limitation of the medium itself (i.e., tangible, not a signal) as opposed to a limitation on data storage persistency (e.g., RAM vs. ROM) .
[0212] Further, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, while several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0213] Although the present disclosure has been described in languages specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Claims
1.A first network device comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first network device at least to:based on determining that a routing location request associated with a terminal device is for an emergency call, initiate a single location procedure for multiple location reports for the terminal device;based on receiving a first routing location request from a first routing entity, transmit, to the first routing entity, a first positioning result among a first plurality of positioning results of the terminal device obtained during the single location procedure for multiple location reports; andbased on receiving a second routing location request from a second routing entity, transmit, to the second routing entity, a second positioning result among a second plurality of positioning results of the terminal device obtained during the single location procedure for the multiple location reports.2.The first network device of claim 1, wherein the first network device is further caused to:store the first plurality of positioning results after receiving the first plurality of positioning results during the single location procedure for the multiple location reports; andstore the second plurality of positioning results after receiving the second plurality of positioning results during the single location procedure for the multiple location reports.3.The first network device of claim 1 or 2, wherein at least one of the following:the first positioning result is a latest one or a most accurate one among the first plurality of positioning results having been obtained when the first routing location request is received; orthe second positioning result is a latest one or a most accurate one among the second plurality of positioning results having been obtained when the second routing location request is received.4.The first network device of any of claims 1-3, wherein the first positioning result or the second positioning result is one of the following:one of intermediate results of the single location procedure for the multiple location reports; ora final result of the single location procedure for the multiple location reports.5.The first network device of any of claims 1-4, wherein the first network device is caused to obtain the first plurality of positioning results and the second plurality of positioning results by:based on receiving a candidate positioning result of the terminal device during the single location procedure for the multiple location reports, comparing the candidate positioning result with at least one positioning result previously stored during the single location procedure for the multiple location reports;based on the candidate positioning result is different from the at least one positioning result, storing the candidate positioning result as a positioning result of the terminal device; andbased on the candidate positioning result is the same as one of the at least one positioning result, discarding the candidate positioning result.6.The first network device of any of claims 1-5, wherein the first network device is caused by emergency trigger or session and / or first routing entity to initiate the single location procedure for the multiple location reports by:starting the single location procedure for the multiple location reports internally with core network without an external LCS request with an intermediate type.7.The first network device of any of claims 1-6, wherein the first network device is further caused to:register or subscribe to an AMF for a mobility event of the terminal device; andbased on receiving information of a mobility event of the terminal device, determine whether to continue or repeat the single location procedure for the multiple location reports.8.The first network device of any of claims 1-7, wherein the first network device is further caused to:refresh a location service (LCS) session associated with the single location procedure for the multiple location reports based on determining that the single location procedure for the multiple location reports ends before a routing process of the emergency call, in the event that at least one of the following: (i) an emergency session for the emergency call under initiating, or (ii) the routing process has not reached a public safety answering point (PSAP) .9.The first network device of any of claims 1-8, wherein the first network device is further caused to:determine that call routing for the emergency call is finished based on at least one of (i) a request for an emergency dispatching location is received, or (ii) no routing location request is received for a period.10.The first network device of any of claims 1-9, wherein the first network device is further caused to:based on determining that call routing for the emergency call is finished, remove stored positioning results of the terminal device immediately, or after a configurable delay, or after the emergency call is terminated.11.The first network device of any of claims 1-10, wherein the routing location request is one of the following:a session initiation protocol (SIP) invite message received from an emergency -call session control function (E-CSCF) ; ora hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) -enabled location delivery (HELD) emergency routing location request received from an emergency service routing proxy (ESRP) .12.The first network device of any of claims 1-11, wherein the first routing entity or the second routing entity comprises at least one of the following:an E-CSCF;an ESRP of a global emergency services IP network (ESInet) ;an ESRP of a state ESInet;an ESRP of a regional ESInet; orany ESRP of any ESInet.13.The first network device of any of claims 1-12, wherein the first network device is a gateway mobile location center (GMLC) or location retrieval function (LRF) or network exposure function (NEF) or any network function which acts as a location information server (LIS) .14.A second network device comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second network device at least to:receive a first message including first indication information of an emergency service of a terminal device and first location information indicating a location reference for a first positioning result of the terminal device;transmit, to a first network device, a routing location request with a location type set to emergency routing;receive, from the first network device, a second positioning result of the terminal device; andtransmit, to a third network device, a second message including second indication information of the emergency service of the terminal device and second location information indicating the second positioning result of the terminal device.15.The second network device of claim 14, wherein at least one of the following:the first message or the second message is a session initiation protocol (SIP) invite message;the first indication information and the second indication information is an emergency service uniform resource name (URN) ; orthe location reference is a hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) -enabled location delivery (HELD) uniform resource identifier (URI) .16.The second network device of any of claims 14-15, wherein at least one of the following:the first network device is a gateway mobile location center (GLMC) or a location information server (LIS) ; orthe second network device or the third network device is any ESInet.17.A terminal device comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the terminal device at least to:transmit, to a radio access network (RAN) node, a first message for initiating an emergency session;receive, from core network, a second message including at least one ciphering key for deciphering assistance data regardless of whether the terminal device is subscribed to receive the assistance data, wherein the assistance data is ciphered and used for performing a device-based positioning procedure.18.The terminal device of claim 17, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:based on detecting the assistance data which is broadcasted, decipher the assistance data using the at least one ciphering key; andperform the device-based positioning procedure using the deciphered assistance data.19.The terminal device of claim 17 or 18, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:perform the device-based positioning procedure based on positioning reference signals (PRS) transmitted to the terminal device, wherein the transmission of the PRS is proactively determined by a location management function (LMF) .20.A first network device comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first network device at least to:receive, from a terminal device via a radio access network (RAN) node, a third message for initiating an emergency session for the terminal device; andtransmit, to the RAN node, a fourth message including at least one ciphering key for deciphering assistance data regardless of whether the terminal device is subscribed to receive the assistance data, wherein the assistance data is ciphered and used for performing a device-based positioning procedure.21.The first network device of claim 20, wherein the first network device is further caused to:transmit, to a second network device, a notification message indicating that the emergency session is initiated by the terminal device; andreceive, from the second network device, a cell-based location of the terminal device.22.The first network device of claim 20 or 21, wherein at least one of the following:the first network device is an access and mobility management function (AMF) ; orthe second network device is a location management function (LMF) .23.A second network device comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second network device at least to:receive, from a first network device, a notification message indicating that an emergency session is initiated by a terminal device; andstart a positioning reference signal (PRS) transmission procedure for the terminal device.24.The second network device of claim 23, wherein the second network device is further caused to:obtain assistance data for the terminal device to perform a device-based positioning procedure;cipher the assistance data using at least one ciphering key; andcause the ciphered assistance data to be broadcasted.25.The second network device of claim 24, wherein the ciphered assistance data is broadcasted without interacting with the terminal device for capability information of the terminal device.26.The second network device of claim 24 or 25, wherein the second network device is further caused to:cause the assistance data to be broadcasted for a period without ciphering.27.The second network device of any of claims 23-26, wherein the second network device is further caused to:based on receiving the notification message, transmit, to the first network device, a cell-based location of the terminal device.28.The second network device of any of claims 23-27, wherein the second network device is caused to start the PRS transmission procedure by:the initiation of emergency session through configuring a PRS configuration for a serving radio access network (RAN) node or a tracking area of the terminal device.29.The second network device of any of claims 23-28, wherein at least one of the following:the first network device is an access and mobility management function (AMF) ; orthe second network device is a location management function (LMF) .30.A method comprising:based on determining that a routing location request associated with a terminal device is for an emergency call, initiating a single location procedure for the multiple location reports for the terminal device;based on receiving a first routing location request from a first routing entity, transmitting, to the first routing entity, a first positioning result among a first plurality of positioning results of the terminal device obtained during the single location procedure for the multiple location reports; andbased on receiving a second routing location request from a second routing entity, transmitting, to the second routing entity, a second positioning result among a second plurality of positioning results of the terminal device obtained during the single location procedure for the multiple location reports.31.A method comprising:receiving a first message including first indication information of an emergency service of a terminal device and first location information indicating a location reference for a first positioning result of the terminal device;transmitting, to a first network device, a routing location request with a location type set to emergency routing;receiving, from the first network device, a second positioning result of the terminal device; andtransmitting, to a third network device, a second message including second indication information of the emergency service of the terminal device and second location information indicating the second positioning result of the terminal device.32.A method comprising:transmitting, to a radio access network (RAN) node, a first message for initiating an emergency session;receiving, from the core network, a second message including at least one ciphering key for deciphering assistance data regardless of whether the terminal device is subscribed to receive the assistance data, wherein the assistance data is ciphered and used for performing a device-based positioning procedure.33.A method comprising:receiving, from a terminal device via a radio access network (RAN) node, a third message for initiating an emergency session for the terminal device; andtransmitting, to the RAN node, a fourth message including at least one ciphering key for deciphering assistance data regardless of whether the terminal device is subscribed to receive the assistance data, wherein the assistance data is ciphered and used for performing a device-based positioning procedure.34.A method comprising:receiving, from a first network device, a notification message indicating that an emergency session is initiated by a terminal device; andstarting a positioning reference signal (PRS) transmission procedure for the terminal device.35.An apparatus comprising:means for based on determining that a routing location request associated with a terminal device is for an emergency call, initiating a single location procedure for the multiple location reports for the terminal device;means for based on receiving a first routing location request from a first routing entity, transmitting, to the first routing entity, a first positioning result among a first plurality of positioning results of the terminal device obtained during the single location procedure for the multiple location reports; andmeans for based on receiving a second routing location request from a second routing entity, transmitting, to the second routing entity, a second positioning result among a second plurality of positioning results of the terminal device obtained during the single location procedure for the multiple location reports.36.An apparatus comprising:means for receiving a first message including first indication information of an emergency service of a terminal device and first location information indicating a location reference for a first positioning result of the terminal device;means for transmitting, to a first network device, a routing location request with a location type set to emergency routing;means for receiving, from the first network device, a second positioning result of the terminal device; andmeans for transmitting, to a third network device, a second message including second indication information of the emergency service of the terminal device and second location information indicating the second positioning result of the terminal device.37.An apparatus comprising:means for transmitting, to a radio access network (RAN) node, a first message for initiating an emergency session;means for receiving, from the core network, a second message including at least one ciphering key for deciphering assistance data regardless of whether the terminal device is subscribed to receive the assistance data, wherein the assistance data is ciphered and used for performing a device-based positioning procedure.38.An apparatus comprising:means for receiving, from a terminal device via a radio access network (RAN) node, a third message for initiating an emergency session for a terminal device; andmeans for transmitting, to the RAN node, a fourth message including at least one ciphering key for deciphering assistance data regardless of whether the terminal device is subscribed to receive the assistance data, wherein the assistance data is ciphered and used for performing a device-based positioning procedure.39.An apparatus comprising:means for receiving, from a first network device, a notification message indicating that an emergency session is initiated by a terminal device; andmeans for starting a positioning reference signal (PRS) transmission procedure for the terminal device.40.A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising program instructions for causing an apparatus to perform at least the method of any of claims 30-34.
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