Positive electrode active material, preparation method therefor, positive pole piece, secondary battery and electrical apparatus

Abstract

A positive electrode active material, a preparation method therefor, a positive pole piece, a secondary battery and an electrical apparatus. In particular, the positive electrode active material comprises first lithium iron phosphate particles and second lithium iron phosphate particles, wherein the primary average particle size of the first lithium iron phosphate particles is 500-3000 nm, and the primary average particle size of the second lithium iron phosphate particles is 120-600 nm.

Description

Positive electrode active material, preparation method thereof, positive electrode sheet, secondary battery and electric device

[0001] Cross-references

[0002] This application refers to Chinese patent application No. 202410027248.0 filed on January 8, 2024, entitled “A positive electrode active material, a preparation method thereof, a positive electrode sheet, a secondary battery and an electrical device”, which is incorporated into this application in its entirety by reference. Technical Field

[0003] The present application relates to the technical field of secondary batteries, and in particular to a positive electrode active material, a preparation method thereof, a positive electrode sheet, a secondary battery, and an electrical device. Background Art

[0004] As the positive electrode active material of lithium-ion batteries, lithium iron phosphate has rapidly become a global research hotspot due to its advantages such as abundant resources, low price, environmental friendliness, and stable voltage in two-phase reaction.

[0005] As lithium-ion batteries have made tremendous progress, higher requirements are placed on the compaction density of positive electrode sheets containing lithium iron phosphate salts and the power performance of batteries.

[0006] Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present application is made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to provide a positive electrode active material, a preparation method thereof, a positive electrode plate, a secondary battery and an electrical device. The positive electrode plate containing the positive electrode active material has a higher compaction density, and the battery containing the positive electrode plate has higher power performance.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the first aspect of the present application provides a positive electrode active material comprising first lithium iron phosphate salt particles and second lithium iron phosphate salt particles, wherein the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles have an average primary particle size of 500-3000 nm, and the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles have an average primary particle size of 120-600 nm. In some embodiments, the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles have an average primary particle size of 150-480 nm.

[0009] The positive electrode sheet containing the positive electrode active material of the present application has a higher compaction density, and the battery containing the positive electrode sheet has a higher power performance.

[0010] In any embodiment, the weight ratio of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles to the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 1:9 to 9: 1. In some embodiments, the weight ratio of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles to the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 3:7 to 7:3.

[0011] When the weight ratio of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles to the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 3:7-7:3, the positive electrode sheet containing the positive electrode active material has a higher compaction density.

[0012] In any embodiment, the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles have the molecular formula Li m1 Fe x1 P y1 O j1 Q1 q1 , wherein Q1 includes at least one of Al, Na, K, Mg, Cu, Mn, Cr, Zn, Pb, Ca, Co, Ni, Sr, Nb, V, Ti, B, S, Si, N, F, Cl, and Br, 0.95≤m1≤1.15, 0.9≤x1≤1, 0.95≤y1≤1, 3.5≤j1≤4, 0<q1≤0.1, and / or

[0013] The second lithium iron phosphate salt particle has a molecular formula of Li m2 Fe x2 P y2 O j2 Q2 q2 , wherein Q2 includes at least one of Al, Na, K, Mg, Cu, Mn, Cr, Zn, Pb, Ca, Co, Ni, Sr, Nb, V, Ti, B, S, Si, N, F, Cl, and Br, 0.95≤m2≤1.15, 0.9≤x2≤1, 0.95≤y2≤1, 3.5≤j2≤4, and 0≤q2≤0.1.

[0014] In any embodiment, in the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles, Q1 includes at least one of Ti, V, Mg, and Nb, and the content of Ti, V, Mg, and / or Nb is 1000-10000 ppm, calculated based on the total weight of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles. In some embodiments, the content of Ti, V, Mg, and / or Nb is 2500-6000 ppm, calculated based on the total weight of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles.

[0015] In any embodiment, the specific surface area (BET) of the first lithium iron phosphate particles is 3 m 2 / g-8m 2 / g.

[0016] In any embodiment, the carbon content of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles is Cx1 weight %, calculated based on the total weight of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles, where 0.8≤Cx1≤2.0. In some embodiments, the carbon content Cx1 of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 1.0≤Cx1≤1.6, calculated based on the total weight of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles.

[0017] In any embodiment, the ratio z1 of the specific surface area of ​​the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles to Cx1 satisfies 1.5≤z1≤8.5. In some embodiments, the ratio z1 of the specific surface area of ​​the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles to Cx1 satisfies 3≤z1≤6.

[0018] In any embodiment, the primary average particle size of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 650-2500 nm.

[0019] In any embodiment, the capacity ratio of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles is η≥88%, where η is defined as:

[0020] A battery using the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles as the positive electrode active material is charged and discharged twice at a constant current rate of 0.1C in the voltage range of 2.0V to 3.75V, and then charged and discharged once at a constant current rate of 1C. In the charge and discharge test at a rate of 1C, the capacity value at the discharge voltage of 3.2V is extracted and recorded as C1, the capacity value extracted and discharged to 2.0V is C2, and η=C1 / C2, wherein the charging process includes constant voltage charging, a constant voltage of 3.75V, and a constant voltage cut-off current of 50μA.

[0021] In any embodiment, the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles satisfy at least one of (a)-(f):

[0022] (a) Dv10 of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particle is ≥ 0.2 μm;

[0023] (b) the Dv50 of the first lithium iron phosphate particles is 0.5-5 μm;

[0024] (c) Dv90 of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles is ≤ 10 μm;

[0025] (d) Dv99 of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particle is ≤ 12 μm;

[0026] (e) The powder compaction density of the first lithium iron phosphate salt under a pressure of 3 tons is ≥ 2.25 g / cm 3 ;

[0027] (f) The powder resistivity of the first lithium iron phosphate salt is less than 60 Ω·cm.

[0028] In any embodiment, the specific surface area of ​​the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 11m 2 / g-16m 2 / g.

[0029] In any embodiment, the carbon content of the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles is Cx2 wt % calculated based on the total weight of the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles, where 1.2≤Cx2≤1.5.

[0030] In any embodiment, based on the total weight of the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles, the carbon content of the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles is Cx2 weight %, and the ratio z2 of the specific surface area of ​​the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles to Cx2 satisfies 9≤z2≤11.

[0031] In any embodiment, the primary average particle size of the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 360-480 nm.

[0032] In any embodiment, the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles are mainly obtained by the following preparation method:

[0033] Providing raw materials containing at least a lithium source, an iron source, a phosphorus source, optionally a carbon film-forming agent, optionally a carbon source, and optionally a modifier, and performing at least two sintering operations, wherein:

[0034] The temperature of the first sintering is 500℃-760℃;

[0035] The temperature of the second sintering is 700℃-800℃.

[0036] In any embodiment, the temperature of the first sintering is 550°C-720°C; the temperature of the second sintering is 720°C-780°C.

[0037] In any embodiment, the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles are mainly obtained by the following preparation method:

[0038] Providing raw materials containing at least a lithium source, an iron source, a phosphorus source, a carbon source, a carbon film-forming agent, and a modifier, and performing at least two sintering operations, wherein:

[0039] The carbon content of the material after the first sintering is 0.01 wt%-0.79 wt%;

[0040] The carbon content of the material after the second sintering is 0.8 wt%-2.0 wt%.

[0041] In any embodiment, the carbon content of the material after the first sintering is 0.05 wt%-0.4 wt%; the carbon content of the material after the second sintering is 1.0 wt%-1.6 wt%.

[0042] In any embodiment, the preparation method of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles comprises the following steps:

[0043] The first pulverization is performed after the first sintering, and the second pulverization is performed after the second sintering, wherein,

[0044] The Dv50 of the product after the first crushing is 300nm-1200nm;

[0045] The Dv50 of the product after the second crushing is 500nm-5000nm.

[0046] In any embodiment, the Dv50 of the product after the first pulverization is 400 nm-1100 nm; the Dv50 of the product after the second pulverization is 700 nm-2500 nm.

[0047] A second aspect of the present application provides a positive electrode sheet, which includes the positive electrode active material of the first aspect of the present application.

[0048] In any embodiment, the compacted density of the positive electrode sheet is 2.40 g / cm 3 -2.80g / cm 3 A higher compaction density is beneficial to improving the energy density of secondary batteries.

[0049] In any embodiment, the positive electrode sheet includes a current collector and one or more positive electrode slurry layers disposed on the current collector, wherein at least one positive electrode slurry layer includes the positive electrode active material of the first aspect of the present application.

[0050] The third aspect of the present application provides a secondary battery, which includes the positive electrode sheet of the second aspect of the present application.

[0051] A fourth aspect of the present application provides an electrical device comprising the secondary battery according to the third aspect of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0052] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of the positive electrode sheet of Example 19 of the present application, wherein the left picture is a cross-sectional view of the positive electrode sheet at a magnification of 5k times, and the right picture is a cross-sectional view of the positive electrode sheet at a magnification of 10k times, observed under SEM (scanning electron microscope).

[0053] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0054] FIG. 3 is an exploded view of the secondary battery according to the embodiment of the present application shown in FIG. 2 .

[0055] FIG4 is a schematic diagram of a battery module according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0056] FIG5 is a schematic diagram of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0057] FIG. 6 is an exploded view of the battery pack shown in FIG. 5 according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0058] FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an electric device using a secondary battery as a power source according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0059] FIG8 is a scanning electron microscope image of first lithium iron phosphate salt particles with primary particle size marked according to one embodiment of the present application.

[0060] Description of reference numerals:

[0061] 1 battery pack; 2 upper box; 3 lower box; 4 battery module; 5 secondary battery; 51 housing; 52 electrode assembly; 53 top cover assembly DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0062] Below, the embodiments of the positive electrode active material and its manufacturing method, positive electrode sheet, secondary battery and electrical device of the present application are described in detail with appropriate reference to the drawings. However, there may be cases where unnecessary detailed descriptions are omitted. For example, there are cases where detailed descriptions of well-known matters and repeated descriptions of actually the same structure are omitted. This is to avoid the following description from becoming unnecessarily lengthy and to facilitate the understanding of those skilled in the art. In addition, the drawings and the following description are provided for those skilled in the art to fully understand the present application and are not intended to limit the subject matter described in the claims.

[0063] " range " disclosed in the present application is limited in the form of lower limit and upper limit, and given range is limited by selecting a lower limit and an upper limit, and the selected lower limit and upper limit define the boundary of special range. The scope limited in this way can be to include end value or not include end value, and can be arbitrarily combined, that is, any lower limit can form a range with any upper limit combination. For example, if the scope of 60-120 and 80-110 is listed for specific parameters, it is understood that the scope of 60-110 and 80-120 is also expected. In addition, if the minimum range value 1 and 2 are listed, and if the maximum range value 3,4 and 5 are listed, then the following range can all be expected: 1-3, 1-4, 1-5, 2-3, 2-4 and 2-5. In this application, unless otherwise specified, the numerical range " ab " represents the abbreviation of any real number combination between a and b, wherein a and b are all real numbers. For example, a numerical range of "0-5" indicates that all real numbers between "0-5" are listed herein, and "0-5" is simply an abbreviation for these numerical combinations. Furthermore, when a parameter is expressed as an integer ≥ 2, this is equivalent to disclosing that the parameter is, for example, an integer of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, etc.

[0064] Unless otherwise specified, all embodiments and optional embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other to form a new technical solution.

[0065] Unless otherwise specified, all technical features and optional technical features of this application can be combined with each other to form a new technical solution.

[0066] Unless otherwise specified, all steps of the present application may be performed sequentially or randomly, preferably sequentially. For example, the method includes steps (a) and (b), indicating that the method may include steps (a) and (b) performed sequentially, or may include steps (b) and (a) performed sequentially. For example, the method may further include step (c), indicating that step (c) may be added to the method in any order, for example, the method may include steps (a), (b) and (c), or may include steps (a), (c) and (b), or may include steps (c), (a) and (b), etc.

[0067] Unless otherwise specified, the terms "include" and "comprising" used in this application may be open-ended or closed-ended. For example, "include" and "comprising" may mean that other components not listed may also be included or that only the listed components are included.

[0068] Unless otherwise specified, the term "or" is used in this application to be inclusive. For example, the phrase "A or B" means "A, B, or both A and B." More specifically, the condition "A or B" is satisfied if any of the following conditions are met: A is true (or exists) and B is false (or does not exist); A is false (or does not exist) and B is true (or exists); or both A and B are true (or exist).

[0069] As the positive electrode active material of lithium-ion batteries, lithium iron phosphate has rapidly become a global research hotspot due to its advantages such as abundant resources, low price, environmental friendliness, and stable voltage in two-phase reaction.

[0070] However, the primary average particle size of existing lithium iron phosphate salts is relatively small, and positive electrode sheets using only such lithium iron phosphate salts as positive electrode active materials have relatively low compaction density, and batteries containing such positive electrode sheets also have relatively low power performance. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a positive electrode active material that has a relatively high compaction density for positive electrode sheets containing such a positive electrode active material, and that has relatively high power performance for batteries containing such a positive electrode sheet.

[0071] While the mechanism remains unclear, the applicant unexpectedly discovered that to achieve a high compaction density, lithium iron phosphate salts require the presence of some large, micron-sized particles. However, the method of simultaneously preparing large, small, and micropowder particles in a single sintering step results in varying surface energies between the micropowder, small particles, and large particles during the sintering process, leading to differences in their adsorption capacity for carbon sources and making it difficult to achieve uniform coating of all particles. Furthermore, particles of varying sizes have varying temperature tolerances, and in the process of promoting the growth of large particles, small particles can over-sinter, resulting in low power performance and high levels of magnetic material.

[0072] Based on this, this application proposes a technical solution to solve the above technical problems.

[0073] [Positive electrode active material]

[0074] A first aspect of the present application provides a positive electrode active material comprising first lithium iron phosphate salt particles and second lithium iron phosphate salt particles, wherein the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles have an average primary particle size of 500-3000 nm, and the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles have an average primary particle size of 120-600 nm. In some embodiments, the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles have an average primary particle size of 150-480 nm.

[0075] The positive electrode active material of the present application is achieved by mixing first lithium iron phosphate salt particles with a larger primary average particle size with second lithium iron phosphate salt particles with a smaller primary average particle size, so that the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles densely fill the pores between the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles, so that the powder compaction density of the positive electrode active material is relatively high, thereby achieving a positive electrode plate containing the positive electrode active material with a higher compaction density, and at the same time, the battery containing the positive electrode plate has higher power performance.

[0076] When the primary average particle size of the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 150-480 nm, the positive electrode sheet containing the positive electrode active material has a higher compaction density due to denser filling.

[0077] By setting the primary average particle size of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles to 500nm-3000nm, the particles can be kept at a suitable micron-level size, thereby avoiding the problems of interfacial side reactions and processing difficulties caused by nano-sizing the particles, and the particles will not be limited by excessive size and thus suffer a reduction in dynamic performance; in addition, it is beneficial to the stirring of the slurry containing the lithium iron phosphate salt particles and the increase of the solid content, thereby improving the processing problems of the battery cell and further increasing the volume energy density of the battery.

[0078] In this application, the term "primary average particle size" refers to the average primary particle size of all particles, where the primary particle size is the longest distance between two points on the edge of a cross-sectional view. In a specific embodiment, as shown in the scanning electron micrograph of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particle in Figure 8, the line segment indicated by the double arrow in the particle represents the primary particle size as defined in this application.

[0079] In some embodiments, the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles are primary particles.

[0080] In this article, "primary particles" refer to particles that do not have obvious agglomeration interfaces in the particle scanning electron microscope image, but may have tiny pores and point or line defects, which are different from the smallest unit powder particles without structures such as stacking and flocculation.

[0081] In some embodiments, the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles are single crystal particles and / or polycrystalline particles.

[0082] In this article, the term "single crystal" refers to a structurally complete crystal grown from a single nucleus. The single crystal of the present application is a whole in the field of view of a transmission electron microscope photograph, and there are no grain boundaries within the single crystal.

[0083] In some embodiments, the single crystal of the present application may have tiny defects, for example, micropores inside, a small number of points and surfaces, or a small number of particles adhering to each other on the surface of a particle.

[0084] As used herein, the term "polycrystalline" refers to a crystal composed of small single crystal particles randomly oriented together, with grain boundaries existing within the polycrystalline.

[0085] In some embodiments, based on the total number of particles of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles, the number of single crystal particles accounts for greater than or equal to 90%, which is beneficial for reducing BET and improving processing performance.

[0086] In some embodiments, the primary average particle size of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles may be 650-2500 nm.

[0087] In some embodiments, the primary average particle size of the first lithium iron phosphate particles can be 500nm, 550nm, 600nm, 650nm, 700nm, 730nm, 750nm, 780nm, 800nm, 830nm, 850nm, 870nm, 900nm, 950nm, 1000nm, 1100nm, 1200nm, 1300nm, 1400nm, 1500nm, 2000nm, 2100nm, 2200nm, 2300nm, 2400nm, 2500nm, 2600nm, 2700nm, 2800nm, 2900nm, 3000nm, or a range consisting of any two of the above primary average particle sizes or a value in the range.

[0088] The primary average particle size of the lithium iron phosphate salt particles can be measured by methods and equipment known in the art. For example, it can be tested by scanning electron microscopy and long diameter statistical method. As an example, an argon ion beam is used to cut the electrode perpendicular to the large surface of the positive electrode plate to expose the cross section. The cross section is photographed by a scanning electron microscope, and the particle size of the positive electrode active layer containing lithium iron phosphate salt particles is statistically analyzed by the long diameter statistical method. Specifically, the total number of lithium iron phosphate salt particles with a primary particle size greater than 50nm and the sum of the primary particle sizes of lithium iron phosphate salt particles with a primary particle size greater than 50nm can be counted in the electron microscope scanning photo. The primary average particle size of the lithium iron phosphate salt particles = the primary particle size of the total lithium iron phosphate salt particles / the total number of lithium iron phosphate salt particles. In the primary particle size statistical process, particles with a primary particle size of 0 < ≤ 50nm are not within the statistical range.

[0089] In some embodiments, the primary average particle size of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles is greater than the primary average particle size of the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles. In some embodiments, the primary average particle size of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles is greater than the primary average particle size of the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles, and the difference between the two may be 100 nm to 2880 nm. In some embodiments, the primary average particle size of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles is greater than the primary average particle size of the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles, and the difference between the two may be 100 nm to 2700 nm. In some embodiments, the primary average particle size of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles is greater than the primary average particle size of the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles, and the difference between the two may be 140 nm to 2640 nm.

[0090] In some embodiments, the primary average particle size of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles is greater than the primary average particle size of the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles, and the difference between the two can be 140nm, 270nm, 290nm, 390nm, 420nm, 510nm, 660nm, 720nm, 750nm, 2140nm, 2640nm, or a range consisting of any two of the above differences or a value within the range.

[0091] In some embodiments, the weight ratio of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles to the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 1:9-9:1, optionally 3:7-7:3.

[0092] When the weight ratio of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles to the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 3:7-7:3, by adjusting the blending ratio of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles with a larger primary average particle size and the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles with a smaller primary average particle size, the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles can fill the pores between the first lithium iron phosphate particles more densely, resulting in a higher powder compaction density of the positive electrode active material, thereby achieving a higher compaction density of the positive electrode electrode sheet containing the positive electrode active material.

[0093] In some embodiments, the weight ratio of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles to the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 3:7-9:1.

[0094] When the weight ratio of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles to the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 3:7-9:1, the proportion of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles increases, and the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles have a smaller specific surface area and less solvent adsorption for the slurry, so that the positive electrode slurry containing the positive electrode active material has a higher solid content. At the same time, by increasing the weight ratio of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles, the number of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles increases, and the capacity proportion η of the overall material discharged to 3.2V increases accordingly, so that the battery containing the positive electrode active material has a higher η value, and the battery containing the positive electrode active material has a lower DCR (10% SOC), reflecting that the battery has better kinetic performance and higher power performance.

[0095] In this application, the term "DCR (10% SOC)" refers to the direct current resistance (DCR) when the state of charge (SOC) is 10%. This parameter can characterize the power performance of the battery. The lower the DCR (10% SOC), the better the power performance of the battery.

[0096] In some embodiments, the weight ratio of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles to the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 4:6-9:1.

[0097] When the weight ratio of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles to the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 4:6-9:1, the proportion of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles increases, and the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles have a smaller specific surface area and less solvent adsorption for the slurry, so that the positive electrode slurry containing the positive electrode active material has a higher solid content. At the same time, by increasing the weight ratio of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles, the number of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles increases, and the capacity proportion η of the overall material discharged to 3.2V increases accordingly, so that the battery containing the positive electrode active material has a higher η value, and the battery containing the positive electrode active material has a lower DCR (10% SOC), reflecting that the battery has better kinetic performance and higher power performance.

[0098] In some embodiments, the weight ratio of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles to the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 7:3-9:1.

[0099] When the weight ratio of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles to the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 7:3-9:1, the proportion of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles increases, and the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles have a smaller specific surface area and less solvent adsorption for the slurry, so that the positive electrode slurry containing the positive electrode active material has a higher solid content. At the same time, by increasing the weight ratio of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles, the number of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles increases, and the capacity proportion η of the overall material discharged to 3.2V increases accordingly, so that the battery containing the positive electrode active material has a higher η value, and the battery containing the positive electrode active material has a lower DCR (10% SOC), reflecting that the battery has better kinetic performance and higher power performance.

[0100] In some embodiments, the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles have the molecular formula Li m1 Fe x1 P y1 O j1 Q1 q1 , wherein Q1 includes at least one of Al, Na, K, Mg, Cu, Mn, Cr, Zn, Pb, Ca, Co, Ni, Sr, Nb, V, Ti, B, S, Si, N, F, Cl, and Br, 0.95≤m1≤1.15, 0.9≤x1≤1, 0.95≤y1≤1, 3.5≤j1≤4, 0<q1≤0.1, and / or

[0101] The second lithium iron phosphate salt particle has a molecular formula of Li m2 Fe x2 P y2 O j2 Q2 q2 , wherein Q2 includes at least one of Al, Na, K, Mg, Cu, Mn, Cr, Zn, Pb, Ca, Co, Ni, Sr, Nb, V, Ti, B, S, Si, N, F, Cl, and Br, 0.95≤m2≤1.15, 0.9≤x2≤1, 0.95≤y2≤1, 3.5≤j2≤4, and 0≤q2≤0.1.

[0102] In some embodiments, the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles have the molecular formula Li m1 Fe x1 P y1 O j1 Q q1, m1 can be 0.95, 0.98, 1.00, 1.03, 1.05, 1.08, 1.10, 1.13, 1.15, x1 can be 0.9, 1.0, y1 can be 0.95, 0.98, 1.00, 1.03, 1.05, 1.08, 1.10, 1.13, 1.15, j1 can be 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 4, and q1 can be 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, 0.1.

[0103] In some embodiments, the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles have the molecular formula Li m2 Fe x2 P y2 O j2 Q q2 , m2 can be 0.95, 0.98, 1.00, 1.03, 1.05, 1.08, 1.10, 1.13, 1.15, x2 can be 0.9, 1.0, y2 can be 0.95, 0.98, 1.00, 1.03, 1.05, 1.08, 1.10, 1.13, 1.15, j2 can be 3.5, 3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9, 4, and q2 can be 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, 0.1.

[0104] Modifying the first and / or second lithium iron phosphate salt particles with elements Q1 and / or Q2 helps improve the ion transport capacity of the positive electrode active material. These elements can create vacancies in the particle lattice or change the interatomic bond lengths, facilitating the movement of lithium ions within the lattice, thereby effectively improving the conductivity of the particles themselves and enhancing the kinetic properties of the positive electrode active material. In this application, modification can specifically be manifested as doping and / or coating.

[0105] In some embodiments, in the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles, Q1 includes at least one of Ti, V, Mg, and Nb, and the content of Ti, V, Mg, and / or Nb is 1000-10000 ppm, calculated based on the total weight of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles. In some embodiments, the content of Ti, V, Mg, and / or Nb is 2500-6000 ppm, calculated based on the total weight of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles.

[0106] In some embodiments, the content of Q1 in the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 1000 ppm, 2000 ppm, 2500 ppm, 3000 ppm, 3500 ppm, 4000 ppm, 4500 ppm, 5000 ppm, 5500 ppm, 6000 ppm, 6500 ppm, 7000 ppm, 7500 ppm, 8000 ppm, 8500 ppm, 9000 ppm, 9500 ppm, 10000 ppm, or a range consisting of any two of the above Q1 contents or a value within the range.

[0107] The content of Q1 in the lithium iron phosphate particles, for example, the content of Ti, can be measured by methods and equipment known in the art. For example, the test can be performed with reference to GB / T 33822-2017.

[0108] The content of modifying elements in existing lithium iron phosphate particles is generally low or no modifying elements are added. Increasing the content of Q1 element in the first lithium iron phosphate particles helps to further improve the bulk ion transport capacity of the first lithium iron phosphate particles and improve its kinetic performance. However, as the content of Q1 element further increases, the bulk ion transport capacity may not continue to increase, and it may also occupy the position of lithium ions, affecting the performance of gram capacity. The range of Q1 element in this application helps to further obtain better kinetic performance and gram capacity.

[0109] In some embodiments, in the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles, Q1 includes Ti, and the Ti content is 1000-10000 ppm based on the total weight of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles. In some embodiments, the Ti content is 2500-6000 ppm based on the total weight of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles.

[0110] In some embodiments, in the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles, Q1 includes V, and the content of V is 1000-10000 ppm based on the total weight of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles. In some embodiments, the content of V is 2500-6000 ppm based on the total weight of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles.

[0111] In some embodiments, in the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles, Q1 includes Nb, and the content of Nb is 1000-10000 ppm based on the total weight of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles. In some embodiments, the content of Nb is 2500-6000 ppm based on the total weight of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles.

[0112] In some embodiments, in the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles, Q1 includes Ti, and the content of Ti is 5000-6000 ppm, calculated based on the total weight of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles.

[0113] Calculated based on the total weight of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles, when the Ti content in the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 5000-6000 ppm, by further appropriately increasing the content of the Ti element in the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles, it helps to further improve the bulk ion transport capacity of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles, so that the battery containing the positive electrode active material has a higher η value, and the battery containing the positive electrode active material has a lower DCR (10% SOC), reflecting that the battery has better kinetic performance and higher power performance.

[0114] In some embodiments, the specific surface area of ​​the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 3 m 2 / g-8m 2 / g.

[0115] In some embodiments, the specific surface area BET of the first lithium iron phosphate particles can be 3 m 2 / g, 3.5m 2 / g、4m 2 / g, 4.5m 2 / g、5m 2 / g, 5.5m 2 / g, 5.98m 2 / g、6m 2 / g, 6.5m 2 / g、7m 2 / g, 7.5m 2 / g、8m 2 / g, or the range of the BET specific surface area composition of any two of the above-mentioned first lithium iron phosphate salt particles or a value within the range.

[0116] In this application, the term "specific surface area" or "BET" refers to the total area per unit mass of particles. In this application, the BET of lithium iron phosphate particles is related to factors such as the primary average particle size of the lithium iron phosphate particles, the carbon content, the density of the carbon coating, the degree of fit between the carbon and the particles, and the looseness and porosity of the particles.

[0117] The BET specific surface area of ​​particles can be measured using methods and equipment known in the art. For example, the test can be performed using the gas adsorption method in accordance with GB / T 19587-2017. As an example, lithium iron phosphate particles are placed as a sample in a sample tube. The sample tube is immersed in liquid nitrogen at -196°C. The amount of nitrogen adsorbed on the solid surface at different pressures is measured at a relative pressure of 0.05-0.30. The monolayer adsorption of the sample is calculated based on the BET multilayer adsorption theory and its formula, thereby obtaining the specific surface area of ​​the sample.

[0118] The BET of the first lithium iron phosphate particles is controlled at 3m 2 / g-8m 2 / g, which is conducive to further balancing the processing performance of the positive electrode slurry and the improvement of the solid content, thereby improving the processing problems of the battery cell and further increasing the volume energy density of the battery.

[0119] In some embodiments, the specific surface area of ​​the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 6 m 2 / g-8m 2 / g.

[0120] When the specific surface area of ​​the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 6m 2 / g-8m 2 / g, by balancing the processing performance of the positive electrode slurry, the battery containing the positive electrode active material has a higher η value, and the battery containing the positive electrode active material has a lower DCR (10% SOC), reflecting that the battery has better kinetic performance and higher power performance.

[0121] In some embodiments, the carbon content of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles is Cx1 wt %, calculated based on the total weight of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles, where 0.8≤Cx1≤2.0. In some embodiments, the carbon content of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles is Cx1 wt %, calculated based on the total weight of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles, where 1.0≤Cx1≤1.6.

[0122] Increasing the carbon content of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles helps improve their electrical conductivity, thereby improving kinetic performance and gram capacity. The carbon content range of the present application helps to further achieve better kinetic performance and gram capacity.

[0123] In some embodiments, the carbon content of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles is Cx1 wt %, calculated based on the total weight of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles, wherein 0.8≤Cx1≤1.4.

[0124] In some embodiments, the carbon content of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 0.8 weight%, 0.9 weight%, 1.0 weight%, 1.1 weight%, 1.2 weight%, 1.3 weight%, 1.4 weight%, 1.5 weight%, 1.6 weight%, 1.7 weight%, 1.8 weight%, 1.9 weight%, 2.0 weight%, or a range consisting of any two of the above carbon contents or a value within the range.

[0125] In some embodiments, the carbon content of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles is Cx1 wt % calculated based on the total weight of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles, wherein 1.2≤Cx1≤1.4.

[0126] When 1.2≤Cx1≤1.4, increasing the carbon content of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles helps to improve the conductivity of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles and the positive electrode active material containing the same, so that the battery containing the positive electrode active material has a higher η value, and the battery containing the positive electrode active material has a lower DCR (10% SOC), reflecting that the battery has better kinetic performance and higher power performance.

[0127] In some embodiments, the carbon contained in the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles is coated on the surface of the particles. In some embodiments, the carbon contained in the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles is embedded in the particles. In some embodiments, the carbon contained in the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles is partially coated on the surface of the particles and partially embedded in the particles.

[0128] In some embodiments, the ratio z1 of the specific surface area of ​​the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles to Cx1 satisfies 1.5≤z1≤8.5. In some embodiments, the ratio z1 of the specific surface area of ​​the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles to Cx1 satisfies 3≤z1≤6.

[0129] In some embodiments, the ratio z1 of the specific surface area of ​​the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles to Cx1 satisfies 3≤z1≤6. In some embodiments, the ratio z1 of the specific surface area of ​​the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles to Cx1 satisfies 3.5≤z1≤6.

[0130] In some embodiments, z1 can be 1.5, 1.8, 2, 2.3, 2.5, 2.8, 3, 3.2, 3.5, 3.75, 3.8, 4, 4.17, 4.3, 4.5, 4.58, 4.8, 4.98, 5, 5.3, 5.42, 5.5, 5.71, 5.8, 5.83, 6, 6.3, 6.5, 6.8, 7, 7.3, 7.5, 7.8, 8, 8.3, 8.5, or a range consisting of any two of the above z1 values ​​or a value within the range.

[0131] The ratio z1 of the specific surface area BET of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles to Cx1 can characterize the uniform density of the carbon contained in the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles. When the primary average particle size and carbon content of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles remain unchanged, the lower the ratio z1, the higher the carbon coating utilization rate in the particles, the less floating carbon, and the more uniform and dense the carbon contained in the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles. Improving the uniform density of the contained carbon is conducive to further improving the kinetic performance and gram capacity of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles, but too high a carbon density may affect the insertion and extraction of lithium ions, and to a certain extent affect the kinetic performance and gram capacity of the secondary battery. The range of the ratio z1 of the present application is conducive to the carbon contained in the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles having a suitable uniform density, thereby helping to improve the conductive properties of the particle surface, and helping to further improve the gram capacity and kinetic performance of the secondary battery.

[0132] In some embodiments, the capacity ratio of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles is η≥88%, where η is defined as:

[0133] The battery using the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles as the positive electrode active material is charged and discharged twice at a constant current rate of 0.1C in the voltage range of 2.0V to 3.75V, and then charged and discharged once at a constant current rate of 1C. In the charge and discharge test at a rate of 1C, the capacity value at the discharge voltage of 3.2V is extracted and recorded as C1, and the capacity value at the discharge voltage to 2.0V is extracted as C2, η=C1 / C2, wherein the charging process includes constant voltage charging, a constant voltage of 3.75V, and a constant voltage cut-off current of 50μA.

[0134] In some embodiments, η can be 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, or a range consisting of any two of the above η values ​​or a value within the range.

[0135] The η value of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles can be measured by methods and equipment known in the art. As an example, a button cell is first prepared. The specific button cell preparation process is as follows: 2.0000g of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles are mixed with 0.1111g of conductive carbon black and 0.1111g of polyvinylidene fluoride, and then added to 2.5g of the organic solvent N-methylpyrrolidone. After thorough mixing, a slurry is formed. The slurry is coated on aluminum foil with a coating thickness of 140 microns, dried under vacuum at 120°C for 2 hours, and punched into discs with a diameter of 13mm using a punch. The tablets are pressed using a tablet press at 10Mpa and kept in vacuum at 120°C for 12 hours to obtain a positive electrode sheet. The positive electrode sheet is weighed, and the loading amount of the lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 11-12mg. Button cells were assembled in an argon-protected glove box, with a metallic lithium sheet as the negative electrode, an electrolyte consisting of a 1:1 volume ratio of EC (ethylene carbonate) and DMC (1,2-dimethyl carbonate) mixed solvent, LiPF6 electrolyte, and a Celgard 2400 microporous polyethylene membrane as the separator.

[0136] The prepared button cell was tested for electrical performance on a blue battery tester. Specifically, the button cell was charged and discharged twice at a constant current rate of 0.1C within a voltage range of 2.0V to 3.75V, followed by a single charge and discharge at a constant current rate of 1C. During the 1C charge and discharge test, the capacity value at a discharge voltage of 3.2V was recorded as C1, and the capacity value at a discharge voltage of 2.0V was recorded as C2, with η = C1 / C2. The charging process included constant voltage charging at a constant voltage of 3.75V and a constant voltage cutoff current of 50μA.

[0137] The capacity ratio η of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles can reflect its dynamic performance and platform retention performance, and can be adjusted by adjusting the primary average particle size, carbon content, carbon source and carbon film-forming agent ratio, modifier and its content of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles. The η value of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles of the present application is ≥88%, which has good dynamic performance. At the same time, when the η value is high, the secondary battery can still maintain good power performance when discharged to a low state of charge (SOC), that is, the battery with a high η value has a smaller voltage drop value when discharged at low power and high current.

[0138] In some embodiments, the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles have a primary average particle size of 150-480 nm.

[0139] In some embodiments, the primary average particle size of the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 120 nm, 150 nm, 210 nm, 360 nm, 450 nm, 480 nm, 600 nm, or a range consisting of any two of the above primary average particle sizes or a value within the range.

[0140] In some embodiments, the primary average particle size of the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 360-480 nm.

[0141] In some embodiments, the specific surface area of ​​the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 11 m 2 / g-16m 2 In some embodiments, the specific surface area of ​​the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 11.8 m 2 / g-15.5m 2 / g.

[0142] In some embodiments, the specific surface area of ​​the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 11.8 m 2 / g, 12.1m 2 / g, 12.5m 2 / g, 12.8m 2 / g, 14.9m 2 / g, 14.0m 2 / g, 15.5m 2 / g, or a range consisting of any two of the above specific surface areas or a value within the range.

[0143] If the BET of the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles is too high, the particles will absorb more water and affect the processing performance of the mixed positive electrode slurry. However, if the BET of the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles is too low, its gram capacity will be reduced. The BET of the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles is controlled at 11m 2 / g-16m 2 / g, which is beneficial to further balance the processing performance of the positive electrode slurry and the gram capacity of the secondary battery.

[0144] In some embodiments, the carbon content of the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles is Cx2 wt %, calculated based on the total weight of the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles, where 1.2≤Cx2≤1.5. In some embodiments, the carbon content of the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles is Cx2 wt %, calculated based on the total weight of the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles, where 1.2≤Cx2≤1.45.

[0145] In some embodiments, the carbon content of the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 1.2 weight %, 1.25 weight %, 1.3 weight %, 1.35 weight %, 1.4 weight %, 1.45 weight %, 1.5 weight %, or a range consisting of any two of the above carbon contents or a value within the range.

[0146] In some embodiments, the carbon contained in the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles is coated on the particle surface. In some embodiments, the carbon contained in the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles is embedded in the particles. In some embodiments, the carbon contained in the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles is partially coated on the particle surface and partially embedded in the particles.

[0147] In some embodiments, the ratio z2 of the specific surface area of ​​the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles to Cx2 satisfies 9≤z2≤11. In some embodiments, the ratio z2 of the specific surface area of ​​the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles to Cx2 satisfies 9.85≤z2≤10.64.

[0148] In some embodiments, the ratio z2 of the specific surface area of ​​the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles to Cx2 is 9, 9.5, 9.85, 10.00, 10.08, 10.42, 10.64, 11, or a range consisting of any two of the above z2 or a value within the range.

[0149] In some embodiments, the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles satisfy at least one of (a)-(f):

[0150] (a) Dv10 of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particle is ≥ 0.2 μm;

[0151] (b) the Dv50 of the first lithium iron phosphate particles is 0.5-5 μm;

[0152] (c) Dv90 of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles is ≤ 10 μm;

[0153] (d) Dv99 of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particle is ≤ 12 μm;

[0154] (e) The powder compaction density of the first lithium iron phosphate salt under a pressure of 3 tons is ≥ 2.25 g / cm 3 ;

[0155] (f) The powder resistivity of the first lithium iron phosphate salt is less than 60 Ω·cm.

[0156] As used herein, the term "Dv10" refers to the particle size at which the volume cumulative particle size distribution percentage in the particles reaches 10%.

[0157] As used herein, the term "Dv90" refers to the particle size at which the volume cumulative particle size distribution percentage reaches 90%.

[0158] As used herein, the term "Dv99" refers to the particle size at which the volume cumulative particle size distribution percentage reaches 99%.

[0159] In this article, the term "powder compaction density" refers to the density of a compact with a certain density and strength formed during the external compression process. As the powder moves and deforms, larger gaps are filled, the contact area between particles increases, the attraction between atoms is generated, and the mechanical fit between particles is enhanced. The unit is g / cm 3 .

[0160] In some embodiments, the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles have a Dv10 < Dv50.

[0161] In some embodiments, the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles have a Dv90>Dv50.

[0162] In some embodiments, the Dv50 of the first lithium iron phosphate particles can be 500nm, 600nm, 700nm, 800nm, 900nm, 1000nm, 1100nm, 1200nm, 1300nm, 1400nm, 1500nm, 1700nm, 1900nm, 2000nm, 2300nm, 2500nm, 2700nm, 2900nm, 3000nm, 3200nm, 3400nm, 3600nm, 3800nm, 4000nm, 4200nm, 4400nm, 4600nm, 4800nm, 5000nm, or a range composed of the Dv50 of any two of the above second pulverization products or a value within the range.

[0163] The Dv10, Dv50, Dv90, and Dv99 of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles can be measured by methods and equipment known in the art. For example, they can be measured using a laser particle size analyzer (Malvern Master Size 3000) with reference to GB / T19077.1-2016.

[0164] Under different pressures, the powder compaction density of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles can be measured by methods and equipment known in the art. For example, it can be measured using a compaction density instrument with reference to GB / T 24533-2009. Specifically, a certain amount of lithium iron phosphate salt particles are placed on a special compaction mold (the mold diameter is known), and the mold is hollow in the middle with a metal disc on the top and bottom. The lithium iron phosphate salt particles are placed between the metal discs, a metal cylinder is placed on the top, and the mold is placed on a compaction density instrument. Different pressures are set (for example, 3T). The thickness of the lithium iron phosphate salt particles under different pressures can be read on the device. The powder compaction density of the lithium iron phosphate salt particles is ρ=m / v, where v=(S×H), m is the mass of the lithium iron phosphate salt particles, S is the bottom area of ​​the mold, and H is the thickness of the lithium iron phosphate salt particles after compaction.

[0165] The powder resistivity of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles can be measured using methods and equipment known in the art. For example, the powder resistivity meter (Suzhou Jingge, ST2722 model) can be used for measurement with reference to GB / T 33822-2017. Specifically, a certain amount of lithium iron phosphate salt particles (e.g., 1 g) is weighed and added to the feeding chamber of the powder resistivity meter. A pressure of 8 MPa is applied, and the forward resistivity and reverse resistivity of the lithium iron phosphate salt particles are measured respectively. The average of the two values ​​is taken as the powder resistivity of the lithium iron phosphate salt particles.

[0166] By making the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles satisfy at least one of (a) to (f), the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles can better achieve the technical effects of the present application.

[0167] In some embodiments, the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles are mainly obtained by the following preparation method:

[0168] Providing raw materials containing at least a lithium source, an iron source, a phosphorus source, optionally a carbon film-forming agent, optionally a carbon source, and optionally a modifier, and performing at least two sintering operations, wherein:

[0169] The temperature of the first sintering is 500℃-760℃;

[0170] The temperature of the second sintering is 700℃-800℃.

[0171] In some embodiments, the temperature of the first sintering is 550°C-720°C; and the temperature of the second sintering is 720°C-780°C.

[0172] In some embodiments, the temperature of the first sintering may be 500°C, 530°C, 550°C, 580°C, 600°C, 630°C, 650°C, 680°C, 700°C, 710°C, 720°C, 730°C, 740°C, 750°C, 760°C, or a range consisting of any two of the above first sintering temperatures or a value within this range; the temperature of the second sintering may be 700°C, 710°C, 720°C, 730°C, 740°C, 750°C, 760°C, 770°C, 780°C, 790°C, 800°C, or a range consisting of any two of the above second sintering temperatures or a value within this range.

[0173] In some embodiments, the heating rates of the first sintering and the second sintering are each independently 2° C. / min to 20° C. / min.

[0174] In some embodiments, the heating rates in the first sintering and the second sintering are each independently 2°C / min, 5°C / min, 7°C / min, 10°C / min, 13°C / min, 15°C / min, 17°C / min, or 20°C / min.

[0175] In some embodiments, the constant temperature sintering time of the first sintering is 1-6 hours. In some embodiments, the constant temperature sintering time of the first sintering can be 1 hour, 1.5 hours, 2 hours, 2.5 hours, 3 hours, 3.5 hours, 4 hours, 4.5 hours, 5 hours, 5.5 hours or 6 hours.

[0176] In some embodiments, the constant temperature sintering time of the second sintering is 2-12 hours. In some embodiments, the constant temperature sintering time of the second sintering can be 1 hour, 1.5 hours, 2 hours, 2.5 hours, 3 hours, 3.5 hours, 4 hours, 4.5 hours, 5 hours, 5.5 hours, 6 hours, 6.5 hours, 7 hours, 7.5 hours, 8 hours, 8.5 hours, 9 hours, 9.5 hours, 10 hours, 10.5 hours, 11 hours, 11.5 hours or 12 hours.

[0177] Compared to the traditional preparation method that uses high temperature to achieve particle growth, the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles of the embodiment of the present application are sintered twice. Controlling the temperature of the two sinterings is conducive to preparing the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles having the primary average particle size and specific surface area of ​​the present application. Furthermore, controlling the heating rate, sintering temperature and constant temperature sintering time of the first sintering and / or the second sintering helps to reduce side reactions, thereby better preparing the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles of the present application. Furthermore, in the conventional high-temperature sintering process, the carbon coating layer on the surface of the particles is prone to cracking, reducing the integrity of the carbon coating. The present application performs large particle synthesis at low temperature, which is conducive to improving the consistency and uniformity of the surface carbon coating.

[0178] In some embodiments, the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles are mainly obtained by the following preparation method:

[0179] Providing raw materials containing at least a lithium source, an iron source, a phosphorus source, a carbon source, a carbon film-forming agent, and a modifier, and performing at least two sintering operations, wherein:

[0180] The carbon content of the material after the first sintering is 0.01 wt%-0.79 wt%;

[0181] The carbon content of the material after the second sintering is 0.8 wt%-2.0 wt%.

[0182] In some embodiments, the carbon content of the material after the first sintering is 0.05 wt%-0.4 wt%; and the carbon content of the material after the second sintering is 1.0 wt%-1.6 wt%.

[0183] In some embodiments, the carbon content of the material after the first sintering may be 0.01 weight %, 0.05 weight %, 0.1 weight %, 0.15 weight %, 0.20 weight %, 0.25 weight %, 0.30 weight %, 0.35 weight %, 0.40 weight %, 0.45 weight %, 0.50 weight %, 0.55 weight %, 0.60 weight %, 0.65 weight %, 0.70 weight %, 0.75 weight %, 0.79 weight %, or a range consisting of any two of the above carbon contents or a value in this range; the carbon content of the material after the second sintering may be 0.8 weight %, 0.9 weight %, 1.0 weight %, 1.1 weight %, 1.2 weight %, 1.3 weight %, 1.4 weight %, 1.5 weight %, 1.6 weight %, 1.7 weight %, 1.8 weight %, 1.9 weight %, 2.0 weight %, or a range consisting of any two of the above carbon contents or a value in this range.

[0184] In the preparation method of the embodiment of the present application, adding a carbon source before the first sintering can effectively reduce the trivalent iron in the raw material, thereby improving the purity and stability of the product. Furthermore, by controlling the temperature of the first sintering and the carbon content of the intermediate after the first sintering within the above range, it is helpful to increase the primary particle size of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particle precursor obtained after the first sintering. Specifically, during the first sintering process, a lower carbon content is conducive to reducing the barrier effect of the carbon layer on the growth process of the first lithium iron phosphate particles, which is conducive to the crystallization growth of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particle precursor at a lower temperature. At the same time, it is also conducive to the solid-phase diffusion reaction between the modifier that may be added and the first lithium iron phosphate salt material, thereby facilitating the realization of a higher concentration of metal ion modification. By controlling the temperature of the second sintering and the carbon content of the sintered material within the above range, it is helpful to better coat the carbon on the surface of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles to form a uniform and dense carbon coating layer, which is conducive to improving the surface conductivity of the first lithium iron phosphate particles, and improving its kinetic properties and gram capacity.

[0185] In some embodiments, raw materials containing at least a lithium source, an iron source, a phosphorus source, a carbon source, a modifier, and a carbon film-forming agent are provided and sintered at least twice.

[0186] In some embodiments, the mixing ratio of the lithium source, the iron source, and the phosphorus source satisfies, based on the atomic moles of each element, Fe:P=(0.96-0.985):1, and Li:Fe=(1.0-0.95):1.1.

[0187] In some embodiments, the mixing ratio of the iron source and the phosphorus source, calculated on the basis of the atomic moles of each element, satisfies Fe:P=0.96:1, Fe:P=0.965:1, Fe:P=0.97:1, Fe:P=0.975:1, Fe:P=0.98:1 or Fe:P=0.985:1.

[0188] In some embodiments, the mixing ratio of the lithium source and the iron source, calculated on the basis of the atomic moles of each element, satisfies Li:Fe=1.0:1.1, Li:Fe=0.99:1.1, Li:Fe=0.98:1.1, Li:Fe=0.97:1.1, Li:Fe=0.96:1.1 or Li:Fe=0.95:1.1.

[0189] In some embodiments, the weight ratio of the carbon source to the carbon film-forming agent is (9-0.25) : 1. In some embodiments, the weight ratio of the carbon source to the carbon film-forming agent may be 9:1, 8:1, 7:1, 6:1, 5:1, 4:1, 3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 0.8:1, 0.5:1 or 0.25:1.

[0190] In some embodiments, the lithium source is a lithium-containing compound. In some embodiments, the lithium source includes at least one of lithium dihydrogen phosphate, lithium oxalate, lithium carbonate, lithium oxide, lithium hydroxide, and lithium acetate. In some embodiments, the lithium source includes lithium carbonate.

[0191] In some embodiments, the iron source is an iron-containing compound. In some embodiments, the iron source includes at least one of ferric hydroxide, ferrous chloride, ferric oxide, ferric phosphate, ferric pyrophosphate, ferrous oxalate, iron powder, ferric nitrate, ferric oxide, and ferric oxyhydroxide. In some embodiments, the iron source includes ferric oxide.

[0192] In some embodiments, the phosphorus source is a phosphoric acid compound. In some embodiments, the phosphorus source includes at least one of phosphoric acid, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, and diammonium hydrogen phosphate. In some embodiments, the phosphorus source includes phosphoric acid.

[0193] In some embodiments, the carbon source comprises at least one of citric acid, glucose, sucrose, starch, fructose, and lactose. In some embodiments, the carbon source comprises glucose.

[0194] In some embodiments, the carbon film-forming agent comprises at least one of polyethylene glycol, polyaniline, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, and polyvinyl alcohol. In some embodiments, the carbon film-forming agent comprises polyaniline.

[0195] In some embodiments, the modifier comprises at least one of titanium dioxide, vanadium pentoxide, n-butyl titanate, ammonium metavanadate, niobium ethoxide, niobium oxalate, niobium pentoxide, magnesium hydroxide, and magnesium nitrate. In some embodiments, the modifier comprises titanium dioxide.

[0196] By using the raw materials in the above ratio, it is advantageous to form the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles of the present application.

[0197] In some embodiments, the method for preparing the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles comprises the following steps:

[0198] The first pulverization is performed after the first sintering, and the second pulverization is performed after the second sintering, wherein,

[0199] The Dv50 of the product after the first crushing is 300nm-1200nm;

[0200] The Dv50 of the product after the second crushing is 500nm-5000nm.

[0201] In some embodiments, the Dv50 of the product after the first pulverization is 400 nm-1100 nm; the Dv50 of the product after the second pulverization is 700 nm-2500 nm.

[0202] In this application, the term "Dv50" refers to the particle size corresponding to when the volume cumulative particle size distribution percentage in the particles reaches 50%.

[0203] In some embodiments, the Dv50 of the product after the first crushing can be 300nm, 400nm, 500nm, 600nm, 700nm, 800nm, 900nm, 1000nm, 1100nm, 1200nm, or a range consisting of the Dv50 of any two of the above first crushing products or a value within the range.

[0204] In some embodiments, the Dv50 of the product after the second crushing can be 500nm, 600nm, 700nm, 800nm, 900nm, 1000nm, 1100nm, 1200nm, 1300nm, 1400nm, 1500nm, 1700nm, 1900nm, 2000nm, 2300nm, 2500nm, 2700nm, 2900nm, 3000nm, 3200nm, 3400nm, 3600nm, 3800nm, 4000nm, 4200nm, 4400nm, 4600nm, 4800nm, 5000nm, or a range consisting of the Dv50 of any two of the above second crushing products or a value within the range.

[0205] In some embodiments, comminution includes one or more of mechanical crushing, grinding, sand milling, and air flow crushing.

[0206] The Dv50 of the particles can be measured using methods and equipment commonly used in the art. As an example, it can be measured using a laser particle size analyzer (Malvern Master Size 3000) with reference to GB / T19077.1-2016.

[0207] Controlling the Dv50 of the product after the first pulverization within the above range helps reduce the growth barrier effect of the added carbon source and any modified elements on the crystals of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particle precursor, thereby facilitating the preparation of micron-sized lithium iron phosphate salt particle precursors. Controlling the Dv50 value of the product after the second pulverization within the above range helps to obtain the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles having the primary average particle size of the present application.

[0208] A second aspect of the present application provides a positive electrode sheet, which includes the positive electrode active material of the first aspect of the present application.

[0209] In some embodiments, the compacted density of the positive electrode sheet is 2.40 g / cm 3 -2.80g / cm 3 A higher compaction density is beneficial to improving the energy density of secondary batteries.

[0210] In some embodiments, the compacted density of the positive electrode sheet is 2.50 g / cm 3 -2.70g / cm 3 .

[0211] In some embodiments, the positive electrode sheet includes a current collector and one or more positive electrode slurry layers disposed on the current collector, wherein at least one positive electrode slurry layer includes the positive electrode active material of the first aspect of the present application or the positive electrode active material prepared according to the method of the second aspect of the present application.

[0212] The third aspect of the present application provides a secondary battery, which includes the positive electrode sheet of the second aspect of the present application.

[0213] A fourth aspect of the present application provides an electrical device comprising the secondary battery according to the third aspect of the present application.

[0214] In addition, the secondary battery and the electric device of the present application will be described below with reference to the drawings as appropriate.

[0215] In one embodiment of the present application, a secondary battery is provided.

[0216] Typically, a secondary battery consists of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolyte, and a separator. During the battery's charge and discharge processes, active ions are inserted and removed between the positive and negative electrodes. The electrolyte conducts ions between the positive and negative electrodes. The separator, located between the positive and negative electrodes, primarily prevents short circuits between the positive and negative electrodes while allowing ions to pass through.

[0217] [Positive electrode]

[0218] The positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode film layer arranged on at least one surface of the positive electrode current collector, and the positive electrode film layer includes the positive electrode active material of the first aspect of the present application.

[0219] As an example, the positive electrode current collector has two surfaces opposite to each other in its thickness direction, and the positive electrode film layer is disposed on either or both of the two opposite surfaces of the positive electrode current collector.

[0220] In some embodiments, the positive electrode current collector may be a metal foil or a composite current collector. For example, aluminum foil may be used as the metal foil. The composite current collector may include a polymer material base and a metal layer formed on at least one surface of the polymer material base. The composite current collector may be formed by forming a metal material (aluminum, aluminum alloy, nickel, nickel alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, silver and silver alloy, etc.) on a polymer material substrate (such as a substrate of polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene (PE), etc.).

[0221] In some embodiments, the positive electrode film layer may further optionally include a binder. As an example, the binder may include at least one of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), a vinylidene fluoride-tetrafluoroethylene-propylene terpolymer, a vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene-tetrafluoroethylene terpolymer, a tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, and a fluorine-containing acrylate resin.

[0222] In some embodiments, the positive electrode film layer may further include a conductive agent. For example, the conductive agent may include at least one of superconducting carbon, acetylene black, carbon black, Ketjen black, carbon dots, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and carbon nanofibers.

[0223] In some embodiments, the positive electrode sheet can be prepared by the following method: the components for preparing the positive electrode sheet, such as the positive electrode active material, the conductive agent, the binder and any other components, are dispersed in a solvent (such as N-methylpyrrolidone) to form a positive electrode slurry; the positive electrode slurry is coated on the positive electrode current collector, and after drying, cold pressing and other processes, the positive electrode sheet can be obtained.

[0224] [Negative electrode]

[0225] The negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode film layer provided on at least one surface of the negative electrode current collector, wherein the negative electrode film layer includes a negative electrode active material.

[0226] As an example, the negative electrode current collector has two surfaces opposite to each other in its thickness direction, and the negative electrode film layer is disposed on either or both of the two opposite surfaces of the negative electrode current collector.

[0227] In some embodiments, the negative electrode current collector may be a metal foil or a composite current collector. For example, copper foil may be used as the metal foil. The composite current collector may include a polymer base layer and a metal layer formed on at least one surface of the polymer base material. The composite current collector may be formed by forming a metal material (copper, copper alloy, nickel, nickel alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, silver, and silver alloy, etc.) on a polymer base material (such as a base material of polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene (PE), etc.).

[0228] In some embodiments, the negative electrode active material may be a negative electrode active material for a battery that is well known in the art. As an example, the negative electrode active material may include at least one of the following materials: artificial graphite, natural graphite, soft carbon, hard carbon, silicon-based materials, tin-based materials, and lithium titanate. The silicon-based material may be selected from at least one of elemental silicon, silicon oxides, silicon-carbon composites, silicon-nitrogen composites, and silicon alloys. The tin-based material may be selected from at least one of elemental tin, tin oxides, and tin alloys. However, the present application is not limited to these materials, and other traditional materials that can be used as negative electrode active materials for batteries may also be used. These negative electrode active materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0229] In some embodiments, the negative electrode film layer may further include a binder. The binder may be selected from at least one of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), polyacrylic acid (PAA), sodium polyacrylate (PAAS), polyacrylamide (PAM), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), sodium alginate (SA), polymethacrylic acid (PMAA), and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS).

[0230] In some embodiments, the negative electrode film layer may further include a conductive agent, which may be selected from at least one of superconducting carbon, acetylene black, carbon black, Ketjen black, carbon dots, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and carbon nanofibers.

[0231] In some embodiments, the negative electrode film layer may optionally include other additives, such as a thickener (eg, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na)).

[0232] In some embodiments, the negative electrode sheet can be prepared by the following method: the components for preparing the negative electrode sheet, such as the negative electrode active material, the conductive agent, the binder and any other components, are dispersed in a solvent (such as deionized water) to form a negative electrode slurry; the negative electrode slurry is coated on the negative electrode current collector, and after drying, cold pressing and other processes, the negative electrode sheet can be obtained.

[0233] [Electrolytes]

[0234] The electrolyte conducts ions between the positive and negative electrodes. This application does not specify the type of electrolyte, and the electrolyte can be selected based on the needs. For example, the electrolyte can be liquid, gel, or solid.

[0235] In some embodiments, the electrolyte is an electrolyte solution, which includes an electrolyte salt and a solvent.

[0236] In some embodiments, the electrolyte salt may be selected from at least one of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium difluorophosphate, lithium difluorooxalatoborate, lithium dioxalatoborate, lithium difluorodioxalatophosphate, and lithium tetrafluorooxalatophosphate.

[0237] In some embodiments, the solvent can be selected from at least one of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, methylpropyl carbonate, ethylpropyl carbonate, butylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, methyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, methyl butyrate, ethyl butyrate, 1,4-butyrolactone, cyclopentane, dimethyl sulfone, methyl ethyl sulfone and diethyl sulfone.

[0238] In some embodiments, the electrolyte may optionally include additives. For example, the additives may include negative electrode film-forming additives, positive electrode film-forming additives, and additives that can improve certain battery properties, such as additives that improve battery overcharge performance, and additives that improve battery high or low temperature performance.

[0239] [Isolation film]

[0240] In some embodiments, the secondary battery further includes a separator. The present application has no particular limitation on the type of separator, and any known porous separator with good chemical and mechanical stability can be selected.

[0241] In some embodiments, the material of the separator can be selected from at least one of glass fiber, non-woven fabric, polyethylene, polypropylene, and polyvinylidene fluoride. The separator can be a single-layer film or a multi-layer composite film, without particular limitation. When the separator is a multi-layer composite film, the materials of each layer can be the same or different, without particular limitation.

[0242] In some embodiments, the positive electrode sheet, the negative electrode sheet, and the separator can be formed into an electrode assembly through a winding process or a lamination process.

[0243] In some embodiments, the secondary battery may include an outer packaging that can be used to encapsulate the electrode assembly and the electrolyte.

[0244] In some embodiments, the outer packaging of the secondary battery can be a hard shell, such as a hard plastic shell, an aluminum shell, or a steel shell. Alternatively, the outer packaging of the secondary battery can be a soft shell, such as a pouch-type soft shell. The soft shell can be made of plastic, such as polypropylene, polybutylene terephthalate, and polybutylene succinate.

[0245] The present application has no particular limitation on the shape of the secondary battery, which may be cylindrical, square, or any other shape. For example, FIG2 shows a secondary battery 5 having a square structure as an example.

[0246] In some embodiments, referring to Figure 3, the outer packaging may include a shell 51 and a cover plate 53. The shell 51 may include a bottom plate and a side plate connected to the bottom plate, and the bottom plate and the side plate enclose a receiving cavity. The shell 51 has an opening connected to the receiving cavity, and the cover plate 53 can be covered on the opening to close the receiving cavity. The positive electrode sheet, the negative electrode sheet and the isolation membrane can be formed into an electrode assembly 52 through a winding process or a lamination process. The electrode assembly 52 is encapsulated in the receiving cavity. The electrolyte is infiltrated in the electrode assembly 52. ​​The number of electrode assemblies 52 contained in the secondary battery 5 can be one or more, and those skilled in the art can select according to specific actual needs.

[0247] In some embodiments, secondary batteries can be assembled into a battery module. The number of secondary batteries contained in the battery module can be one or more. The specific number can be selected by those skilled in the art according to the application and capacity of the battery module.

[0248] FIG4 shows an example battery module 4. Referring to FIG4 , in battery module 4, multiple secondary batteries 5 may be arranged sequentially along the length of battery module 4. Of course, they may also be arranged in any other manner. Furthermore, the multiple secondary batteries 5 may be secured using fasteners.

[0249] Optionally, the battery module 4 may further include a housing having a receiving space, and the plurality of secondary batteries 5 are received in the receiving space.

[0250] In some embodiments, the battery modules described above may also be assembled into a battery pack. The battery pack may contain one or more battery modules, and the specific number may be selected by those skilled in the art based on the application and capacity of the battery pack.

[0251] Figures 5 and 6 illustrate an example battery pack 1. Referring to Figures 5 and 6 , the battery pack 1 may include a battery box and multiple battery modules 4 disposed within the battery box. The battery box comprises an upper case 2 and a lower case 3. The upper case 2 can be positioned over the lower case 3 to form an enclosed space for accommodating the battery modules 4. The multiple battery modules 4 can be arranged in any manner within the battery box.

[0252] In addition, the present application also provides an electric device, which includes at least one of the secondary battery, battery module, or battery pack provided in the present application. The secondary battery, battery module, or battery pack can be used as a power source for the electric device, and can also be used as an energy storage unit for the electric device. The electric device may include mobile devices (such as mobile phones, laptops, etc.), electric vehicles (such as pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, electric bicycles, electric scooters, electric golf carts, electric trucks, etc.), electric trains, ships and satellites, energy storage systems, etc., but is not limited thereto.

[0253] As the electrical device, a secondary battery, a battery module or a battery pack can be selected according to its usage requirements.

[0254] Figure 7 shows an example of an electric device. This device is a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, or a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle. To meet the high power and high energy density requirements of the secondary battery, a battery pack or battery module can be used.

[0255] Another example device may be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, etc. Such a device is generally required to be lightweight and thin, and may use a secondary battery as a power source.

[0256] Example

[0257] Below, the embodiment of the present application is described. The embodiment described below is exemplary and is only used to explain the present application, and is not to be construed as limiting the present application. Where specific techniques or conditions are not specified in the embodiments, the techniques or conditions described in the literature in this area or the product specifications are used. Reagents or instruments used that do not specify the manufacturer are conventional products that can be obtained commercially.

[0258] 1. Preparation method

[0259] Example 1

[0260] (1) Preparation of positive electrode slurry:

[0261] Preparation of the first lithium iron phosphate particles:

[0262] Lithium carbonate, ferric oxide, phosphoric acid, glucose, titanium dioxide (based on the total weight of the lithium iron phosphate particles, the amount of titanium dioxide added is sufficient to ensure a titanium content of 5000 ppm in the prepared lithium iron phosphate particles), and polyaniline are weighed separately. The weight ratios of Li, Fe, and P satisfy the following: Fe:P = 0.968:1, Li:Fe = 1:0.98, and the weight ratio of glucose to polyaniline satisfies the following: glucose:polyaniline = 1:2. The amount of glucose added is sufficient to ensure that the carbon content of the lithium iron phosphate precursor after the first sintering is completed is 0.15% by weight. Water is added to the above substances to obtain a mixture slurry.

[0263] The mixture was mixed in a ball mill and ground in a sand mill to a slurry with a solids content of 38% and a Dv50 of 0.40 μm. The mixture was then spray-dried (the negative pressure of the high-speed spray dryer was -650 to -200 Pa, the inlet temperature was 300°C to 360°C, and the outlet temperature was 100°C to 140°C). The dried reactants were placed in a sintering furnace for the first sintering process. The heating rate was controlled at 5°C / min, the holding temperature was controlled at 650°C, and the holding time was 4 hours. After cooling, the material was pulverized using a mechanical mill to obtain a powder.

[0264] Glucose as a carbon source and polyaniline as a carbon film-forming agent were added to the resulting powder, which was then mixed with water to produce a material with a solids content of 40%. The amounts of glucose and polyaniline added were such that the carbon content of the product after the second sintering was 1.2% (based on the total weight of the lithium iron phosphate particles), and the weight ratio of glucose to polyaniline was 1:2. The slurry was processed using a ball mill and a sand mill, with a Dv50 value of 550 nm for the insoluble matter. The slurry was then spray-dried (negative pressure in a high-speed spray dryer of -650 to -200 Pa, inlet temperature of 300°C to 360°C, and outlet temperature of 100°C to 140°C). The dried product was then placed in a sintering furnace for a second low-temperature sintering (heating rate controlled at 5°C / min, sintering temperature of 750°C, and sintering time of 4 hours). After the material is cooled, it is crushed for the second time to an average particle size of 870 nm. After demagnetization, lithium iron phosphate salt particles are obtained, with a carbon content of 1.2% and a Ti content of 5000 ppm in the lithium iron phosphate salt particles.

[0265] The first lithium iron phosphate salt particles and the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles (purchased from Guangdong Bangpu Recycling Technology Co., Ltd., with the product number BP-LFP-101) were blended according to the weight listed in Table 1 to obtain a positive electrode active material. The above-mentioned blended positive electrode active material, conductive agent conductive carbon black, binder polyvinylidene fluoride and dispersant PVP were mixed in a weight percentage of 93:4.0:2.5:0.5 and N-methylpyrrolidone was added. The mixture was fully mixed, stirred, and dispersed to form a positive electrode slurry.

[0266] (2) Preparation of positive electrode sheet:

[0267] The viscosity of the mixed and stirred slurry was adjusted to 8000-20000mPa.s until the slurry was not stratified, and the slurry was coated with 420mg / 1540mm by double-sided double-control coating equipment. 2 It is coated on the surface of the substrate Al foil, and then dried, cold pressed, cut and sliced ​​to finally obtain the positive electrode sheet.

[0268] (3) Preparation of negative electrode sheet:

[0269] Artificial graphite, conductive carbon black, binder styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and thickener sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) were mixed uniformly according to the weight percentage of 95:1.0:2.0:2.0 and added with deionized water. After stirring and dispersion, the negative electrode slurry was obtained. The negative electrode slurry was prepared at 211 mg / 1540 mm 2 It is coated on the Cu foil substrate, and then dried, cold pressed, cut and sliced ​​to obtain the negative electrode sheet;

[0270] (4) Preparation of batteries:

[0271] The positive electrode sheet, separator, and negative electrode sheet are stacked in order. The separator must be able to isolate the anode and cathode. The bare cell is obtained by winding. The bare cell is placed in the outer packaging, the electrolyte is injected, and the lithium-ion battery is finally obtained after the packaging, formation, exhaust and other processes.

[0272] Example 2

[0273] The difference between Example 2 and Example 1 is that the average particle size of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 500 nm and the specific surface area is 7 m 2 / g, the Dv50 of the product after the first crushing is 350nm, and the Dv50 of the product after the second crushing is 800nm.

[0274] Example 3

[0275] The difference between Example 3 and Example 1 is that the average particle size of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 3000 nm and the specific surface area is 5 m 2 / g, the Dv50 of the product after the first crushing is 1200nm, and the Dv50 of the product after the second crushing is 3200nm.

[0276] Example 4

[0277] The difference between Example 4 and Example 1 is that the average particle size of the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 150 nm and the specific surface area is 14.9 m 2 / g, and a carbon content of 1.4 wt%. The second lithium iron phosphate salt particles were purchased from Guangdong Brunp Recycling Technology Co., Ltd. with the item number BP-LFP-102.

[0278] Example 5

[0279] The difference between Example 5 and Example 1 is that the primary average particle size of the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 480 nm and the specific surface area is 12.1 m 2 / g, and a carbon content of 1.2% by weight. The second lithium iron phosphate salt particles were purchased from Guangdong Brunp Recycling Technology Co., Ltd. with the item number BP-LFP-103.

[0280] Example 6

[0281] The difference between Example 6 and Example 1 is that the weight ratio of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles to the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 3:7.

[0282] Example 7

[0283] The difference between Example 7 and Example 1 is that the weight ratio of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles to the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 7:3.

[0284] Example 8

[0285] The difference between Example 8 and Example 1 is that the weight ratio of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles to the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 1:9.

[0286] Example 9

[0287] The difference between Example 9 and Example 1 is that the weight ratio of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles to the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 9:1.

[0288] Example 10

[0289] The difference between Example 10 and Example 1 is that the titanium content of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 2500 ppm, the first sintering temperature is 620°C, and the second sintering temperature is 720°C.

[0290] Example 11

[0291] The difference between Example 11 and Example 1 is that the titanium content of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 6000 ppm, the first sintering temperature is 655°C, and the second sintering temperature is 755°C.

[0292] Example 12

[0293] The difference between Example 12 and Example 1 is that vanadium pentoxide is used instead of titanium dioxide, and the carbon content after the first sintering is 0.15% by weight.

[0294] Example 13

[0295] The difference between Example 13 and Example 1 is that niobium pentoxide is used instead of titanium dioxide, the carbon content after the first sintering is 0.15 weight%, and the carbon content after the second sintering is 1.0 weight%.

[0296] Example 14

[0297] The difference between Example 14 and Example 1 is that the primary average particle size of the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 450 nm and the specific surface area is 12.5 m 2 / g, and a carbon content of 1.2% by weight. The second lithium iron phosphate salt particles were purchased from Guangdong Brunp Recycling Technology Co., Ltd. with the item number BP-LFP-104.

[0298] Example 15

[0299] The difference between Example 15 and Example 1 is that the primary average particle size of the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 210 nm and the specific surface area is 14 m 2 / g, with a carbon content of 1.4 wt%. The second lithium iron phosphate salt particles were purchased from Guangdong Brunp Recycling Technology Co., Ltd. with the item number BP-LFP-105.

[0300] Example 16

[0301] The difference between Example 16 and Example 1 is that the carbon content is adjusted to 0.8 wt % so that the specific surface area of ​​the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 3 m 2 / g.

[0302] Example 17

[0303] The difference between Example 17 and Example 1 is that the carbon content is adjusted to 1.4 wt % so that the specific surface area of ​​the first lithium iron phosphate particles is 8 m 2 / g.

[0304] Example 18

[0305] The difference between Example 18 and Example 1 is that the primary average particle size of the first lithium iron phosphate is 650nm and the BET is 6.5nm. 2 / g, with a carbon content of 1.2 wt%.

[0306] Example 19

[0307] The difference between Example 19 and Example 1 is that the primary average particle size of the first lithium iron phosphate is 2500nm, and the BET is 5.5m 2 / g, and the carbon content is 1.2% by weight.

[0308] Example 20

[0309] The difference between Example 20 and Example 1 is that the primary average particle size of the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 120 nm and the specific surface area is 15.5 m 2 / g, and a carbon content of 1.45% by weight. The second lithium iron phosphate salt particles were purchased from Guangdong Brunp Recycling Technology Co., Ltd. with the item number BP-LFP-108.

[0310] Example 21

[0311] The difference between Example 21 and Example 1 is that the primary average particle size of the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 600 nm and the specific surface area is 11.8 m 2 / g, and a carbon content of 1.2% by weight. The second lithium iron phosphate salt particles were purchased from Guangdong Brunp Recycling Technology Co., Ltd. with the item number BP-LFP-109.

[0312] Comparative Example 1

[0313] The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is that the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles are not included.

[0314] Comparative Example 2

[0315] The difference between Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 is that the carbon content of the product after the first sintering is controlled to be 1.1% by weight, the average particle size of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 300 nm, and the specific surface area is 13 m 2 / g, the Dv50 of the product after the first crushing is 550nm, and the Dv50 of the product after the second crushing is 1200nm.

[0316] Comparative Example 3

[0317] The difference between Comparative Example 3 and Example 1 is that after the first sintering, the Dv50 of the crushed product is adjusted to 1.4 μm, the primary average particle size of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 4000 nm, and the specific surface area is 6 m 2 / g, the Dv50 of the product after the first crushing is 550nm, and the Dv50 of the product after the second crushing is 1200nm.

[0318] Comparative Example 4

[0319] The difference between Comparative Example 4 and Example 1 is that the primary average particle size of the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 100 nm and the specific surface area is 16 m 2 / g, and a carbon content of 1.5 wt%. The second lithium iron phosphate salt particles were purchased from Guangdong Brunp Recycling Technology Co., Ltd. with the item number BP-LFP-106.

[0320] Comparative Example 5

[0321] The difference between Comparative Example 5 and Example 1 is that the primary average particle size of the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 800 nm and the specific surface area is 11.5 m 2 / g, and a carbon content of 1.25% by weight. The second lithium iron phosphate salt particles were purchased from Guangdong Brunp Recycling Technology Co., Ltd. with the item number BP-LFP-107.

[0322] 2. Battery performance test

[0323] 1) Primary average particle size

[0324] The electrode is cut open perpendicularly to the large surface of the electrode using an argon ion beam to expose the cross section, which is photographed using a scanning electron microscope. The longest diameter of the lithium iron phosphate particles is statistically analyzed using the length diameter statistical method. The "primary average particle size" refers to the average value of the primary particle size of all particles, which is numerically equal to the total particle size value divided by the total number of particles. The primary particle size in the cross-section diagram refers to the longest distance between two points along the edge. Specifically, the total number of lithium iron phosphate particles with a primary particle size greater than 50 nm and the sum of the primary particle sizes of lithium iron phosphate particles with a primary particle size greater than 50 nm can be counted in the electron microscope scanning photograph. The primary average particle size of the lithium iron phosphate particles = the primary particle size of the total lithium iron phosphate particles / the total number of lithium iron phosphate particles. In the above particle size statistical process, particles with a primary average particle size less than or equal to 50 nm are not included in the statistical range.

[0325] 2) Dv50

[0326] The Dv50 value of the lithium iron phosphate particles was measured using a laser particle size analyzer (Malvern Master Size 3000) with reference to GB / T19077.1-2016. The Dv10, Dv90, and Dv99 values ​​of the present application were also measured in the same manner.

[0327] 3) Specific surface area

[0328] The specific surface area was tested by gas adsorption method according to the GB / T19587-2017 test standard, as follows: lithium iron phosphate granular salt was taken as a sample, the sample tube was immersed in liquid nitrogen at -196°C, and the adsorption amount of nitrogen on the solid surface at different pressures was measured at a relative pressure of 0.05-0.30. The single-molecule adsorption amount of the sample was obtained based on the BET multilayer adsorption theory and its formula, thereby calculating the specific surface area of ​​the material.

[0329] 4) Carbon content

[0330] The first lithium iron phosphate salt particles / the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles are burned in a high-frequency induction furnace and then the carbon content is tested using an infrared absorption method. The specific testing process is based on the standard GB / T 20123-2006 / ISO 15350:2000.

[0331] 5) Content of Q element (e.g., Ti element) in the first lithium iron phosphate particles

[0332] The content of Q element in the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles is tested with reference to GB / T 33822-2017.

[0333] 6) Solid content of positive electrode slurry

[0334] Prepare an electronic balance (accuracy 0.0001), an oven, and a glass drying tray. Take 8-10g of the positive electrode slurry sample and spread it evenly on the sample tray. Record the mass of the slurry before drying as A. Close the oven door and heat. As heating continues, the temperature in the oven continues to rise, reaching 130°C for 5 hours. After drying, cool the sample in the oven and remove it. Record the mass of the dried slurry. Repeat the drying process several times until the sample reaches a constant weight, recording the mass after drying as B. Slurry solids content = (A / B) × 100%.

[0335] 7) Pole compaction density

[0336] The "pole compaction density" referred to in this application refers to the "ultimate compaction density" of the pole piece, and the test method is as follows:

[0337] The double-sided coated electrode is cold-pressed by a roller press to test the elongation of the electrode after cold pressing, and the flexibility of the electrode after cold pressing is also evaluated.

[0338] By increasing the pressure of the roller press, pole pieces with different compaction densities will be obtained. As the pressure increases, the compaction density of the pole piece increases, the elongation of the pole piece increases, and the flexibility of the pole piece decreases. A pole piece with too high an elongation can easily cause the pole piece to warp, while a pole piece with too low flexibility can easily lead to brittle fracture. Therefore, the smaller of the compaction density corresponding to the pole piece elongation of 6‰ or the number of times the pole piece is folded three times is defined as the limit compaction density.

[0339] The compacted density is calculated by dividing the weight of the single-sided positive electrode film layer by the volume of the positive electrode film layer.

[0340] 8) The capacity ratio η of the first lithium iron phosphate particles in the embodiment and the comparative example when discharged to 3.2V and discharged to 2.0V respectively

[0341] First, a button battery is prepared. The specific button battery preparation process is as follows: 2.0000g of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles are mixed with 0.1111g of conductive carbon black and 0.1111g of polyvinylidene fluoride, and then added to 2.5g of the organic solvent N-methylpyrrolidone. After thorough mixing, a slurry is formed. The slurry is coated on aluminum foil with a coating thickness of 140 microns, vacuum-dried at 120°C for 2h, and punched into a disc with a diameter of 13mm using a punch. Use a tablet press to press the tablet at 10Mpa and vacuum-keep it at 120°C for 12h to obtain a positive electrode sheet. The weight of the positive electrode sheet is weighed, where the loading amount of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 11-12mg. Button cells were assembled in an argon-protected glove box, with a metallic lithium sheet as the negative electrode, an electrolyte consisting of a 1:1 volume ratio of EC (ethylene carbonate) and DMC (1,2-dimethyl carbonate) mixed solvent, LiPF6 electrolyte, and a Celgard 2400 microporous polyethylene membrane as the separator.

[0342] The prepared button cell was tested for electrical performance on a blue battery tester. Specifically, the button cell was charged and discharged twice at a constant current rate of 0.1C within a voltage range of 2.0V to 3.75V, followed by a single charge and discharge at a constant current rate of 1C. During the 1C charge and discharge test, the capacity value at a discharge voltage of 3.2V was recorded as C1, and the capacity value at a discharge voltage of 2.0V was recorded as C2, with η = C1 / C2. The charging process included constant voltage charging at a constant voltage of 3.75V and a constant voltage cutoff current of 50μA.

[0343] 9) The capacity ratio η of the positive electrode active material in the embodiment and the comparative example when discharged to 3.2V and discharged to 2.0V respectively

[0344] First, a button battery is prepared. The specific button battery preparation process is as follows: 2.0000g of the positive electrode active material in the embodiment and the comparative example (a blend of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles and the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles) is mixed with 0.1111g of conductive carbon black and 0.1111g of polyvinylidene fluoride, and then added to 2.5g of organic solvent N-methylpyrrolidone, and mixed thoroughly to form a slurry. The slurry is coated on aluminum foil with a coating thickness of 140 microns, vacuum-dried at 120°C for 2h, and punched into a disc with a diameter of 13mm using a punch. Use a tablet press to press the tablets at 10Mpa and vacuum-keep at 120°C for 12h to obtain a positive electrode sheet. Weigh the weight of the positive electrode sheet, where the loading amount of the positive electrode active material is 11-12mg. Button cells were assembled in an argon-protected glove box, with a metallic lithium sheet as the negative electrode, an electrolyte consisting of a 1:1 volume ratio of EC (ethylene carbonate) and DMC (1,2-dimethyl carbonate) mixed solvent, LiPF6 electrolyte, and a Celgard 2400 microporous polyethylene membrane as the separator.

[0345] The prepared button cell was tested for electrical performance on a blue battery tester. Specifically, the button cell was charged and discharged twice at a constant current rate of 0.1C within a voltage range of 2.0V to 3.75V, followed by a single charge and discharge at a constant current rate of 1C. During the 1C charge and discharge test, the capacity value at a discharge voltage of 3.2V was recorded as C1, and the capacity value at a discharge voltage of 2.0V was recorded as C2, with η = C1 / C2. The charging process included constant voltage charging at a constant voltage of 3.75V and a constant voltage cutoff current of 50μA.

[0346] 10) DCR (10% SOC)

[0347] The DCR (10% SOC) data in this application can reflect the power performance, and the test method is as follows:

[0348] Capacity calibration: The lithium-ion batteries prepared in each embodiment and comparative example were kept at 25°C for 2 hours, then charged at a constant current of 0.33C to 3.65V, and then charged at a constant voltage of 0.05C at 3.65V. After charging, the tested batteries were left at rest at 25°C for 2 hours, and then discharged at a DC current of 0.33C to 2.5V. The discharge capacity at room temperature was recorded as C0.

[0349] Adjust the SOC (battery state of charge): After keeping the calibrated lithium-ion battery at 25°C for 2 hours, discharge it at a 1 / 3C0 discharge rate for 144 minutes to adjust the lithium-ion battery capacity to 10% SOC;

[0350] Power test: After a 10% SOC lithium-ion battery is left at 25°C for 2 hours, it is discharged at a discharge rate of 3C0 for 30 seconds under a pulse current I. The voltage before 3C0 discharge is recorded as V1, and the voltage at the end of the 30-second discharge is recorded as V2. The DC internal resistance (V1-V2) / I is calculated, and this data can be used to characterize the battery's power performance.

[0351] 3. Analysis of test results of various embodiments and comparative examples

[0352] Batteries of various examples and comparative examples were prepared according to the above methods, and various performance parameters were measured. The parameters of the positive electrode active material are shown in Table 1, and the performance test results are shown in Table 2.

[0353] Table 2: Performance test results

[0354] The above results indicate that the positive electrode active materials in Examples 1-21 all include first and second lithium iron phosphate salt particles, wherein the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles have an average primary particle size of 500-3000 nm, and the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles have an average primary particle size of 120-600 nm. A comparison of Examples 1-21 with Comparative Examples 1-5 shows that the positive electrode sheets containing these positive electrode active materials have a higher compaction density, and batteries containing these positive electrode sheets also have higher power performance.

[0355] The positive electrode active material of Example 19 was tested using a ZEISS Sigma 300 scanning electron microscope and then tested in accordance with standard JY / T010-1996. The sample morphology was observed, and the observation results are shown in Figure 1. As shown in Figure 1, the first lithium iron phosphate particles and the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles are uniformly mixed, and the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles densely fill the pores of the first lithium iron phosphate particles.

[0356] From the comparison between Examples 1, 4-5, 14-15 and Examples 20-21, it can be seen that when the primary average particle size of the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 150-480 nm, the positive electrode sheet containing the positive electrode active material has a higher compaction density.

[0357] From the comparison between Examples 1, 6-7 and 8-9, it can be seen that when the weight ratio of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles to the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 3:7-7:3, the positive electrode sheet containing the positive electrode active material has a higher compaction density.

[0358] From the comparison of Example 1, Example 6-7, Example 9 and Example 8, it can be seen that when the weight ratio of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles to the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 3:7-9:1, the positive electrode slurry containing the positive electrode active material has a higher solid content, the button battery containing the positive electrode active material has a higher η value, and the battery containing the positive electrode active material has a lower DCR (10% SOC), reflecting that the battery has better kinetic performance and higher power performance.

[0359] From the comparison of Example 1, Example 7, Example 9 with Example 6 and Example 8, it can be seen that when the weight ratio of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles to the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 4:6-9:1, the positive electrode slurry containing the positive electrode active material has a higher solid content, the button battery containing the positive electrode active material has a higher η value, and the battery containing the positive electrode active material has a lower DCR (10% SOC), reflecting that the battery has better kinetic performance and higher power performance.

[0360] From the comparison of Example 7 and Example 9 with Example 1, Example 6 and Example 8, it can be seen that when the weight ratio of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles to the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 7:3-9:1, the positive electrode slurry containing the positive electrode active material has a higher solid content, the button battery containing the positive electrode active material has a higher η value, and the battery containing the positive electrode active material has a lower DCR (10% SOC), reflecting that the battery has better kinetic performance and higher power performance.

[0361] From the comparison of Example 1, Example 11 and Example 10, it can be seen that, calculated based on the total weight of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles, when the Ti content in the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 5000-6000 ppm, the button battery containing the positive electrode active material has a higher η value, and the battery containing the positive electrode active material has a lower DCR (10% SOC), reflecting that the battery has better kinetic performance and higher power performance.

[0362] From the comparison between Example 1, Example 17 and Example 16, it can be seen that when the specific surface area of ​​the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 6m 2 / g-8m 2 / g, the button cell containing the positive electrode active material has a higher η value, and the battery containing the positive electrode active material has a lower DCR (10% SOC), reflecting that the battery has better kinetic performance and higher power performance.

[0363] From the comparison of Example 1, Example 17 and Example 16, it can be seen that the carbon content of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles is Cx1 weight %, calculated based on the total weight of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles. When 1.2≤Cx1≤1.4, the button battery containing the positive electrode active material has a higher η value, and the battery containing the positive electrode active material has a lower DCR (10% SOC), reflecting that the battery has better kinetic performance and higher power performance.

[0364] It should be noted that the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. The above-mentioned embodiments are merely examples, and any embodiments having substantially the same structure and effect as the technical concept within the scope of the present application are all included in the technical scope of the present application. In addition, without departing from the scope of the present application, any other embodiments that can be conceived by those skilled in the art and that combine some of the constituent elements in the embodiments are also included in the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A positive electrode active material, comprising first lithium iron phosphate salt particles and second lithium iron phosphate salt particles, wherein the primary average particle size of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 500 - 3000 nm, and the primary average particle size of the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 120 - 600 nm.

2. The positive electrode active material according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles to the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 1:9 - 9:

1.

3. The positive electrode active material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles have the molecular formula Li m1 Fe x1 P y1 O j1 Q1 q1 , where Q1 includes at least one of Al, Na, K, Mg, Cu, Mn, Cr, Zn, Pb, Ca, Co, Ni, Sr, Nb, V, Ti, B, S, Si, N, F, Cl, Br, 0.95 ≤ m1 ≤ 1.15, 0.9 ≤ x1 ≤ 1, 0.95 ≤ y1 ≤ 1, 3.5 ≤ j1 ≤ 4, 0 < q1 ≤ 0.1, and / or The second lithium iron phosphate salt particle has a molecular formula Li m2 Fe x2 P y2 O j2 Q2 q2 , where Q2 includes at least one of Al, Na, K, Mg, Cu, Mn, Cr, Zn, Pb, Ca, Co, Ni, Sr, Nb, V, Ti, B, S, Si, N, F, Cl, Br, 0.95 ≤ m2 ≤ 1.15, 0.9 ≤ x2 ≤ 1, 0.95 ≤ y2 ≤ 1, 3.5 ≤ j2 ≤ 4, 0 ≤ q2 ≤ 0.

1.

4. The positive electrode active material according to claim 3, wherein in the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles, the Q1 includes at least one of Ti, V, Mg, and Nb, and calculated based on the total weight of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles, the content of Ti, V, Mg, and / or Nb is 1000 - 10000 ppm.

5. The positive electrode active material according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the specific surface area of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 3 m 2 / g - 8 m 2 / g.

6. The positive electrode active material according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein, based on the total weight of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles, the carbon content of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles is Cx1 wt%, where, 0.8 ≤ Cx1 ≤ 2.

0.

7. The positive electrode active material according to any one of claims 1 - 6, wherein the primary average particle size of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 650 - 2500 nm.

8. The positive electrode active material according to any one of claims 1 - 7, wherein the capacity ratio η of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles ≥ 88%, and the η is defined as: The battery using the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles as the positive electrode active material is subjected to constant current charge and discharge twice at a rate of 0.1C in the voltage range of 2.0V to 3.75V, and then subjected to constant current charge and discharge once at a rate of 1C. In the charge and discharge test at the rate of 1C, the capacity value at a discharge voltage of 3.2V is extracted and denoted as C1, and the capacity value at a discharge to 2.0V is C2, and η = C1 / C2, where The charging process includes constant voltage charging, with a constant voltage of 3.75 V and a constant voltage cut-off current of 50 μA.

9. The positive electrode active material according to any one of claims 1 - 8, wherein the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles satisfy at least one of (a) - (f): (a) The Dv10 of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles ≥ 0.2 μm; (b) The Dv50 of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 0.5 - 5 μm; (c) The Dv90 of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles ≤ 10 μm; (d) The Dv99 of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles ≤ 12 μm; (e) The powder tap density of the first lithium iron phosphate salt under a pressure of 3 tons ≥ 2.25 g / cm 3 ; (f) The powder resistivity of the first lithium iron phosphate is less than 60 Ω·cm.

10. The positive electrode active material according to any one of claims 1-9, wherein the specific surface area of the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 11 m 2 / g - 16 m 2 / g.

11. The positive electrode active material according to any one of claims 1-10, wherein, based on the total weight of the second lithium iron phosphate particles, the carbon content of the second lithium iron phosphate particles is Cx2 wt%, wherein, 1.2 ≤ Cx2 ≤ 1.

5.

12. The positive electrode active material according to any one of claims 1 - 11, wherein the primary average particle size of the second lithium iron phosphate salt particles is 360 - 480 nm.

13. The positive electrode active material according to any one of claims 1 - 12, wherein the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles are mainly obtained by the following preparation method: Providing raw materials containing at least a lithium source, an iron source, a phosphorus source, a carbon film-forming agent, a carbon source, and a modifier, and performing at least two sinterings, wherein, The temperature of the first sintering is 500°C - 760°C; The temperature of the second sintering is 700°C - 800°C.

14. The positive electrode active material according to claim 13, wherein the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles are mainly obtained by the following preparation method: Providing raw materials containing at least a lithium source, an iron source, a phosphorus source, a carbon source, a carbon film-forming agent, and a modifier, and performing at least two sinterings, wherein, The carbon content of the material after the first sintering is 0.01 wt% - 0.79 wt%; The carbon content of the material after the second sintering is 0.8 wt% - 2.0 wt%.

15. The preparation method of the first lithium iron phosphate salt particles according to claim 13 or 14 includes the following steps: After the first sintering, the first pulverization is carried out, and after the second sintering, the second pulverization is carried out, wherein, The Dv50 of the product after the first pulverization is 300 nm - 1200 nm; The Dv50 of the product after the second pulverization is 500 nm - 5000 nm.

16. A positive electrode sheet, the positive electrode sheet comprising the positive electrode active material according to any one of claims 1 - 15.

17. The positive electrode sheet according to claim 16, wherein the tap density of the positive electrode sheet is 2.40 g / cm 3 - 2.80 g / cm 3 .

18. The positive electrode sheet according to claim 16 or 17, the positive electrode sheet comprising a current collector and one or more positive electrode paste layers provided on the current collector, wherein at least one of the positive electrode paste layers comprises the positive electrode active material according to any one of claims 1 - 15.

19. A secondary battery, comprising the positive electrode sheet according to any one of claims 16 - 18.

20. An electrical device, comprising the secondary battery according to claim 19.

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