Heat pump

Abstract

The present invention relates to a heat pump (2) having a first cylinder (4) which includes a first transmission chamber (6) filled with a transmission fluid. The heat pump (2) furthermore includes: a first compressor element (8), in particular (metal) bellows, which is arranged within the first cylinder (4) and delimits a first working chamber (10) filled with a working gas; and a delivery element (24), which is provided and designed to periodically deliver the transmission fluid into or within the first transmission chamber (6), wherein the transmission fluid delivered by the delivery element (24) periodically indirectly compresses and expands the first compressor element (8) and the working gas contained therein. The heat pump (2) furthermore includes a first hot section (16), which is connected via a first working-gas line (14) to the first working chamber (10) and has a first, hot heat transport point (18) and a second, cold heat transport point (26) separate from the first heat transport point (18), wherein heat energy of the first heat transport point (18) can be tapped.

Description

[0001] heat pump

[0002] Description

[0003] Technical area

[0004] The present disclosure relates to a heat pump and, more particularly, to a structure of the heat pump.

[0005] Heat pumps, for example for heating residential buildings, are playing an increasingly important role in the energy transition. Conventional heat pumps consist of an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser, and an expansion valve / throttle.

[0006] In such conventional heat pumps, a throttling process takes place in the expansion valve, reducing the pressure of a working gas. The volumetric work generated when the gas expands in the throttle is not utilized in conventional heat pumps. This represents a (heat energy) loss in the process, which reduces the efficiency of the heat pump.

[0007] To overcome this disadvantage, attempts have been made to capture this mechanical energy, for example, using a turbine and make it available to the compressor. This principle is similar to the operating principle of an exhaust gas turbocharger for vehicles with internal combustion engines.

[0008] However, these tests have shown that such heat pumps are complex in their design and are currently not economical on a smaller scale, such as in a single-family home or an apartment building with several residential units.

[0009] The object of the present invention is therefore to eliminate or at least reduce the disadvantages of the prior art. Specifically, the object of the present invention is to provide a heat pump with increased efficiency.

[0010] This object is achieved by a heat pump according to independent claim 1 and by a heating system with the heat pump according to the independent claim. Advantageous further developments are disclosed in the subclaims and / or described below.

[0011] Specifically, the object is achieved by a heat pump having a first cylinder containing a first transfer chamber filled with a transfer fluid, a first compressor element, in particular a (metal) bellows, which is arranged within the first cylinder and delimits a first working chamber filled with a working gas, and a conveying element which is provided and designed to periodically convey the transfer fluid into the first transfer chamber or within the same, wherein the transfer fluid conveyed by the conveying element periodically actuates the first compressor element and indirectly compresses the working gas contained therein and the expanding working gas actuates the compressor element and indirectly conveys the transfer fluid, in particular driving the conveying element therethrough.Furthermore, the heat pump includes a first warm part, which is connected to the first working chamber via a first working gas line and has a first, warm heat transport point and a second, cold heat transport point separated or spaced from the first heat transport point, wherein heat energy of the first heat transport point can be tapped.

[0012] In other words, the problem is solved by the heat pump with the first cylinder, which contains or delimits the first transfer chamber. The first compressor element, which contains at least one, preferably accordion-shaped, wall, is formed in the first transfer chamber. In other words, the first compressor element is preferably designed as a bellows. The first compressor element surrounds the first working chamber filled with the working gas. In other words, the first compressor element delimits the first working chamber from the first transfer chamber. The first working chamber can be formed with a first connection / working gas connection, which connects the first working chamber to the first working gas line firmly or detachably in such a way that the working gas can be conveyed from the working chamber into the working gas line and that the working gas can be conveyed from the working gas line into the working chamber.The first working gas line is preferably formed on a side of the first compressor element facing away from the conveying element or a conveying element connection which connects the conveying element to the transfer chamber.

[0013] The first working gas line connects the first working chamber to the first hot part. The first working chamber's volume is variable due to its preferably accordion-shaped wall. Due to the periodic conveyance of the conveying element, a force is periodically exerted / transferred to the first compressor element via the transfer fluid, and the working gas contained in the first working chamber is periodically compressed / compressed and expanded.

[0014] The warm part can be any suitable warm part that, based on a periodic compression and expansion of a gas, releases heat energy at at least one first heat transfer point and absorbs (ambient) heat or heat energy from the environment surrounding the heat pump at at least one second heat transfer point, different from the first heat transfer point. The at least one first heat transfer point can, for example, be connected to a heating circuit of a house, and the at least one second heat transfer point can, for example, be thermally connected to the environment surrounding the house.

[0015] The conveying element can, particularly during the expansion process of the working gas, act as a generator which converts the expansion work into, for example, electrical energy.

[0016] Alternatively, a pressure accumulator can be designed that stores the expansion work in the form of pressure and releases it during the compression process. The pressure accumulator can be subjected to a base pressure so that the pressure in the pressure accumulator can be deflected by a medium pressure like a compression spring.

[0017] The core of the invention is therefore to use a (metal) bellows compressor in a heat pump with at least one first heat transfer point and at least one second heat transfer point in order to directly return mechanical work when expanding the working gas and thus increase the efficiency of the heat pump compared to a conventional heat pump with a throttle.

[0018] In other words, the core of the invention is to provide a heat pump without a throttle and thus without loss of volume work when the working gas is expanded in the throttle.

[0019] In addition to increasing the heat pump's efficiency, the (metal) bellows design ensures a secure separation between the working gas and the transfer fluid, keeping the working gas clean. This can significantly increase the service life of such a heat pump.

[0020] In one aspect, the heat pump may include a second cylinder containing a second transfer chamber, a second compression element, in particular a (metal) bellows, which is arranged within the second cylinder and delimits a second working chamber filled with the working gas, and a second warm part, which may be connected to the second working chamber via a second working gas line. The conveying element may be connected to the second transfer chamber in order to convey the transfer fluid between the first transfer chamber and the second transfer chamber. By conveying the transfer fluid, the expansion work of the working gas in the first working chamber can be used to compress the working gas in the second working chamber, and vice versa. The conveying element may expand the working gas in the first working chamber via the transfer fluid, while the working gas is compressed via the transfer fluid in the second working chamber.The conveying element can compress the working gas in the first working chamber via the transfer fluid, while the working gas expands via the transfer fluid in the second working chamber.

[0021] In other words, the heat pump can be designed essentially bilaterally symmetrically with two cylinders, two transfer chambers, two compressor elements, two working chambers, two hot sections, and the one (single) conveying element formed between the two sides. With such a bilateral design, the conveying element can periodically convey the transfer fluid back and forth between the first transfer chamber and the second transfer chamber. The expansion energy released in the first transfer chamber can be used directly to compress the working gas in the second working chamber via the second transfer chamber, which further increases the efficiency of the heat pump.

[0022] Of course, the compressor element can also be another suitable element, for example a plastic bellows, a rubber bellows or an elastic bladder or the like.

[0023] In one aspect, the first cylinder may correspond in structure and dimensions to the second cylinder.

[0024] In a further aspect, the first compressor element may correspond in its structure and dimensions to the second compressor element.

[0025] In a further aspect, the first hot part can correspond in its structure and dimensions to the second hot part.

[0026] In a further aspect, the heat pump can be configured with a pressure accumulator that is provided and configured to store pressurized transfer fluid and / or working gas. In a further aspect, the conveying element can be a (hydraulic) pump that is connected to the first transfer chamber via a first transfer fluid line and / or to the second transfer chamber via a second transfer fluid line.

[0027] In other words, the conveying element can be the pump, which can convey the (incompressible) transfer fluid into and out of the first transfer chamber or second transfer chamber and apply pressure to it. The pump can be, for example, a vane pump / rotary vane pump, a gear pump, an axial piston pump, a radial piston pump, a reciprocating piston pump, or a screw pump.

[0028] Such hydraulic pumps are quiet, energy-efficient and low-maintenance, which makes them particularly suitable for use in residential areas / areas with residential buildings where strict regulations apply to noise emissions from heat pumps.

[0029] In a further aspect, the (hydraulic) pump may be a reversing pump having a first coupling port and a second coupling port, wherein the first coupling port is connected to the first transmission chamber via the first transmission fluid line and the second coupling port is connected to the second transmission chamber via the second transmission fluid line.

[0030] In other words, in the bilaterally symmetrical design of the heat pump with two cylinders, the (hydraulic) pump can be connected to both the first transfer chamber and the second transfer chamber in such a way that, in a first direction of rotation of the pump, the transfer fluid is conveyed into the first transfer chamber and pressurized, and in a second direction of rotation of the pump opposite to the first direction of rotation, the transfer fluid is conveyed into the second transfer chamber and pressurized.

[0031] In this way, the efficiency and service life of the heat pump can be further increased, as the pump's flow rate is supported by the respective expansion in the first and second transfer chambers, which reduces the load on the pump. This design also eliminates the need for a pressure accumulator.

[0032] In an alternative embodiment, instead of the pump, a piston running in the first or second cylinder can be formed with a piston skirt formed in the circumferential direction of the piston, which is driven by a motor. The piston skirt can slide sealingly against the cylinder bore of the cylinder. Preferably, at least one annular seal / piston ring is formed between the piston skirt and the cylinder bore. The piston can further include a piston roof which faces the transfer chamber filled with the transfer fluid and delimits it. The piston can be provided and designed to execute a periodic linear movement in a direction of a cylinder center fiber (cylinder center axis), which extends in a cylinder longitudinal direction.

[0033] In a further aspect, at least the first hot part can be a pulse tube hot part or a Stirling hot part, preferably with a movable displacer.

[0034] In other words, the first hot section or the second hot section can be a pulse tube hot section. A pulse tube hot section is essentially a hot section that is similar in design to a pulse tube cooler. However, unlike a pulse tube cooler, in a pulse tube hot section, the thermal energy is tapped at the warm heat transfer point, and the cold heat transfer point is heated by ambient thermal energy. The pulse tube hot section can include a regenerator and / or a bypass and / or a buffer tank and / or a nozzle.

[0035] Alternatively, the first hot section or the second hot section can be configured as a Stirling hot section. The Stirling hot section can include a regenerator. Various configurations of the Stirling hot section are possible. For example, the Stirling hot section can be configured in an alpha configuration, a beta configuration, a gamma configuration, as a flat-plate Stirling hot section, as a Philips Stirling hot section, or the like. In another aspect, the working gas can be present exclusively in a gas phase and can preferably be helium, nitrogen, or air.

[0036] In other words, a working gas can be selected for such a heat pump that is present exclusively in the gas phase throughout the entire process. This type of working gas can significantly increase the reliability of the heat pump and reduce wear and tear. Helium and nitrogen have the advantage that even if the working gas leaks, it is not harmful to the environment, so gas-tight encapsulation is unnecessary.

[0037] In a further aspect, at least the first compressor element can be guided in a stroke direction.

[0038] In other words, the cylinder device can include at least one guide element, which is provided and configured to guide the first compressor element or the second compressor element during compression / compression and expansion / relaxation and to prevent the first compressor element or the second compressor element from buckling or collapsing in an uncontrolled manner. The guide element can be designed, for example, in a rod-shaped or sleeve-shaped manner. Preferably, more than one guide element can be formed in the cylinder.

[0039] In a further aspect, a wall thickness of the first compressor element or the second compressor element can be constant. Preferably, the wall thickness of the compressor element can be less than 0.2 mm.

[0040] If the compressor element is designed as a plastic bellows, the wall thickness can alternatively be greater. For example, the wall thickness here can be between 0.5 mm and 4 mm. In a further aspect, the first compressor element or the second compressor element can be formed from a plurality of membrane pairs. Preferably, the compressor element can be formed from at least 30 and at most 200 membrane pairs. Particularly preferably, the compressor element can be formed from at least 40 and at most 100 membrane pairs.

[0041] By designing the first compressor element or the second compressor element with a plurality of membrane pairs, it can be ensured that each of the membrane pairs experiences only a small deflection during the stroke movement of the compressor element, which significantly reduces mechanical stress on the compressor element.

[0042] In a further aspect, the compression of the first compressor element or the second compressor element can be reversible. This means that the compressor element changes its geometry during operation exclusively within a predefined range and then returns to its original geometry.

[0043] In a further aspect, the first transfer chamber or the second transfer chamber and / or the first working chamber or the second working chamber can be connected to at least one compensation tank, optionally via a valve, in order to preload the compressor device and to compensate for any volume changes, in particular during start-up or commissioning of the compressor device.

[0044] In another aspect, a filter can be connected downstream of the working space.

[0045] In a further aspect, a heat exchanger may be formed between the first cylinder and the first hot part and / or between the second cylinder and the second hot part.

[0046] In another aspect, a pressure of the working gas and a pressure of the transfer fluid can be greater than the ambient pressure of the environment surrounding the heat pump. In other words, the heat pump can be pre-pressurized to, for example, 16 bar. The operating range of the pumping element can be between 8 bar and 24 bar.

[0047] In a further aspect, an operating frequency of the heat pump may be less than 50 Hz, preferably between 0.1 Hz and 10 Hz, particularly preferably between 0.5 Hz and 5 Hz.

[0048] In a further aspect, a cylinder hot spot can be formed on the cylinder. The cylinder hot spot can be connected to the heating circuit. For example, the fluid in the heating circuit can be preheated via the cylinder hot spot.

[0049] In a further aspect, a heat transfer element can be formed at the first heat transfer point, which transfers heat energy to a heat transfer medium.

[0050] In other words, the first heat transfer point may include or be the heat transfer element. The heat transfer element is provided and configured to transfer the thermal energy that can be tapped at the first heat transfer point to the heat transfer medium.

[0051] The heat transfer medium can, for example, be a liquid.

[0052] The heat transfer element can be designed with particularly good thermal conductivity properties. Specifically, the heat transfer element can be made, at least in sections, of a highly thermally conductive material, for example, copper.

[0053] In a further aspect, the heat transfer element can be flowed through or capable of being flowed through by the heat transfer medium. In other words, the heat transfer element can include at least one flow channel or flow chamber through which the heat transfer medium can flow. During the flow through the heat transfer medium, the thermal energy can be (continuously) transferred from the heat transfer point of the heat transfer element to the heat transfer medium.

[0054] In a further aspect, the heat transfer element may have an inlet which is connectable to a heating system and an outlet which is connectable to the heating system, and wherein the heat transport medium can flow into the heat transfer element via the inlet at a first, lower temperature and the heat transport medium can flow out of the heat transport element via the outlet at a second, higher temperature.

[0055] In other words, the heat transfer element can include at least two connection elements that are or can be coupled to the heating system. The second transport medium can flow from the heating system into the heat transfer element via the inlet at the first, lower temperature, and flow out into the heating system via the outlet at the second, higher temperature.

[0056] Furthermore, the object of the present invention is achieved by a heating system for heating a building and / or a vehicle with a heat pump according to one of the above aspects.

[0057] In other words, the heating system with the heat pump can be designed according to one of the above aspects. The inlet and outlet of the heat pump can be connected to the heating system.

[0058] Brief description of the figures Fig. 1 is a first schematic representation of a heat pump according to the invention in a first embodiment;

[0059] Fig. 2 is a second schematic representation of the heat pump according to the invention in the first embodiment;

[0060] Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of the heat pump according to the invention in a second embodiment;

[0061] Fig. 4 is a schematic representation of a cylinder of the heat pump according to the invention in a first alternative embodiment;

[0062] Fig. 5 is a schematic representation of the cylinder of the heat pump according to the invention in a second alternative embodiment; and

[0063] Fig. 6 is a schematic representation of the cylinder of the heat pump according to the invention in a third alternative embodiment.

[0064] Description of the embodiments

[0065] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described based on the accompanying figures.

[0066] Fig. 1 schematically shows a heat pump 2 according to the invention in a first embodiment. The heat pump 2 includes a first cylinder 4, which contains a first transfer chamber 6 filled with a transfer fluid. The transfer fluid is an incompressible fluid, for example hydraulic oil. The heat pump 2 further includes a first compressor element in the form of a (metal) bellows 8, which is arranged within the first cylinder 4 and delimits a working chamber 10 filled with a working gas. The working gas is preferably helium or nitrogen. In the embodiment shown here, the bellows 8 is designed as a bellows with an accordion-shaped wall. The bellows 8 separates the transfer chamber 6 and the working chamber 10 from one another in a gas-tight and fluid-tight manner. In the embodiment shown here, the bellows 8 is rotationally symmetrical to a central axis ZM.

[0067] The working chamber 10 is connected, preferably reversibly and in a gas-tight manner, to a first working gas line 14 via a first working gas connection 12. The working gas line 14 connects the working chamber 10 to a first hot section 16. The first hot section 16 is preferably a pulse tube hot section or a Stirling hot section. The hot section 16 is intended and designed to be connected to a heating circuit, for example, of a residential building, at least at a first heat transfer point 18.

[0068] The cylinder 4 has a transmission fluid connection 20 at an end of the transmission chamber 6 facing away from the working gas connection 12. The transmission fluid connection 20 connects the transmission chamber 6 in a fluid-tight manner to a transmission fluid line 22. The transmission fluid line 22 is provided and designed to conduct the transmission fluid from the transmission chamber 6 to the conveying element embodied as a hydraulic pump 24 or from the hydraulic pump 24 to the transmission chamber 6.

[0069] Fig. 2 shows the heat pump 2 according to the invention in the first embodiment, wherein the transfer fluid is periodically pumped into and out of the transfer chamber 6 by the hydraulic pump 24.

[0070] The functioning of the heat pump 2 according to the invention is described in more detail below with reference to Fig. 2.

[0071] The hydraulic pump 24 pumps the transmission fluid from a reservoir (not shown) into the transmission chamber 6. Since the transmission fluid is an incompressible fluid, the transmission fluid surrounding the bellows 8 transfers the force applied by the hydraulic pump 24 to the bellows 8 and compresses the working gas contained in the bellows 8. The force applied by the hydraulic pump 24 is essentially completely converted (minus any friction and / or flow losses) into the compression of the bellows 8 and into the compression of the working gas located in the working chamber 10. In other words, the working gas in the working chamber 10 is compressed by the force or the delivery rate of the hydraulic pump 24.

[0072] The hydraulic pump 24 is controlled by a control unit (not shown), preferably reversibly, i.e., periodically alternating in opposite directions. Thus, the working gas in the working chamber 10 is periodically compressed by the hydraulic pump 24. A working range of the bellows 8 lies between a first length L1 in the compressed state and a second length L2 in the relaxed state.

[0073] Through such periodic compression of the working gas in the working chamber 10 and thus in the warm part 16 connected to the working chamber 10 via the working gas line 14, thermal energy can be tapped in the warm part 16 at the first heat transfer point 18. The warm part 16 further includes at least one second heat transfer point 26, which cools down during operation of the heat pump 2. The second heat transfer point 26 is preferably heated with ambient heat.

[0074] Fig. 3 shows the heat pump 2 according to the invention according to an alternative, second embodiment. In the alternative embodiment, the hydraulic pump 24 is connected to two identically constructed cylinders, compressor elements, bellows, etc.

[0075] Specifically, the hydraulic pump 24 of the heat pump 2 according to the invention of the alternative embodiment is fluidly connected to the first transfer chamber 6 in the first cylinder 4 via the first transfer fluid line 22 and the first transfer fluid connection 20. A repeated description of the first cylinder 4 and the first bellows 8 is omitted here, since the structure corresponds to the structure of the first embodiment. The hydraulic pump 24 is fluidly connected to the second transfer chamber 106 in the second cylinder 104 via a second transfer fluid line 122 and a second transfer fluid connection 120. A second compressor element in the form of a second (metal) bellows 108, which is arranged within the second cylinder 104, and a second working chamber 110 filled with a working gas are delimited in the second cylinder 104.

[0076] In the embodiment shown here, the second bellows 108 is designed as a bellows with an accordion-shaped wall. The second bellows 108 separates the second transmission chamber 106 and the second working chamber 110 from each other in a gas- and fluid-tight manner. In the embodiment shown here, the second bellows 108 is rotationally symmetrical to the second central axis ZM2.

[0077] The second working chamber 110 is connected, preferably reversibly and in a gas-tight manner, to a second working gas line 114 via a second working gas connection 112. The second working gas line 114 connects the second working chamber 110 to a second hot part 116. The second hot part 116 corresponds to the first hot part 16, so a further description is omitted here.

[0078] The second warm part 116 can be connected to the same heating circuit as the first warm part 116. Embodiments are also conceivable in which the second warm part 116 is connected to a different heating circuit than the first warm part 16.

[0079] The following describes the operation of heat pump 2 in the alternative embodiment with reference to Fig. 3. Only differences from the first embodiment are discussed here to avoid duplication.

[0080] The hydraulic pump 24 is connected to the first transmission fluid line 22 in a first conveying direction. Furthermore, the hydraulic pump 24 is connected to the second transmission fluid line 122 in a second conveying direction. When the hydraulic pump 24 is operated in the first conveying direction, the transmission fluid in the first transmission chamber 6 compresses the first bellows 8 and thus the working gas contained in the first working chamber 10.

[0081] When the hydraulic pump 24 is now operated in the second conveying direction, opposite to the first conveying direction, the transfer fluid is conveyed out of the first transfer chamber 6, and the first bellows 8 and thus the working gas contained in the first working chamber 10 are expanded. During the conveying process, the transfer fluid is simultaneously conveyed into the second transfer chamber 106, and the second bellows 108 and thus the working gas contained in the second working chamber 110 are compressed.

[0082] In this way, an expansion energy of the first bellows 8 can be used for a compression of the second bellows 108 and an expansion energy of the second bellows 108 can be used for a compression of the first bellows 8.

[0083] A heat exchanger (not shown) can additionally be configured in the first working gas line 14 and / or in the second working gas line 114 to temper / preheat the working gas before it enters the first warm section 16 or before it enters the second warm section 116. Such a heat exchanger can, of course, also be configured in the working gas line 14 of the heat pump 2 of the first embodiment.

[0084] Fig. 4 shows an alternative embodiment of the cylinder 4 or 104. In the alternative embodiment, a cup element 28 is formed in the bellows 8 or 108. The cup element 28 is formed on an end face of the bellows 8 or 108 facing away from the working gas connection 12 or 112. The cup element 28 is arranged in the working chamber 10 or 110 to reduce a gas volume / internal volume of the working chamber 10 or 110. The cup element 28 is sealed gas-tight from the working chamber 10 or 110.

[0085] Fig. 5 shows a further alternative embodiment of the cylinder 4 or 104. In the further alternative embodiment, the cylinder 4 includes a (cylinder) running surface 30 on an inner side of the cylinder 4. A piston 32 is also formed in the cylinder 4. The piston 32 includes a piston skirt 34 on an outer peripheral surface of the piston 32, wherein the running surface 30 and the piston skirt 34 of the piston 32 are coordinated such that the piston 32 can move in a sealing manner in the cylinder 4 or 104 along the cylinder center axis ZM. In the further alternative embodiment, the piston 32 and the cylinder 4 or 104 delimit the transfer chamber 6 or 160. The piston 32 is moved linearly along the cylinder center axis ZM by means of a connecting rod 36.

[0086] A drive device in the form of an electric motor 38, controlled by a corresponding control device (not shown), rotates a disk 40, on which the connecting rod 36 is eccentrically mounted at a first bearing point 42. The connecting rod 36 is further mounted / fixed to the piston 32 at a second bearing point 44. Via the connecting rod 36, a rotary / circular movement of the disk 40 is converted into a linear movement of the piston 32 along the cylinder center axis ZM. In other words, a force generated by the electric motor 38 is transmitted to the piston 32 via the disk 40 and the connecting rod 36.

[0087] When the piston 32 moves along the cylinder center axis ZM in a direction toward the bellows 8 or 108, the force is transferred to the transmission fluid in the transmission chamber 6 or 106. The transmission fluid surrounding the bellows 8 or 108 transfers the force to the bellows 8 or 108 and compresses the working gas contained in the bellows 8 or 108. Since the transmission fluid is an approximately incompressible fluid, the force applied by the electric motor 38 (minus any friction losses) is essentially completely converted into a compression of the bellows 8 or 108 and the working gas located in the working chamber 10 or 110. In other words, the force of the electric motor 38 periodically compresses the working gas in the working chamber 10 or 110.

[0088] Fig. 6 shows a further alternative embodiment of the cylinder 4 or 104 of the heat pump 2 with a flat guide element 46. The flat guide element 46 is formed on the end face of the bellows 8 facing the piston 32 in the transfer chamber 16. The flat guide element 46 extends radially outward toward the running surface 30 and guides the bellows 8 or 108 relative to the running surface 30. Bores 48 are formed in the flat guide element 46, which ensure unhindered flow of the transfer fluid in the transfer chamber 6 or 106. The flat guide element 46 prevents the bellows 8 from tilting relative to the cylinder 4 or 104.

[0089] Of course, other guide elements are also conceivable, for example in the form of pins, wave-like guide elements, (wire) ropes and the like.

[0090] List of reference symbols

[0091] 2 heat pumps

[0092] 4 first cylinder

[0093] 6 first transmission room

[0094] 8 first bellows

[0095] 10 first workroom

[0096] 12 first working gas connection

[0097] 14 first working gas line

[0098] 16 first hot part

[0099] 18 first heat transfer point

[0100] 20 first transmission fluid connection

[0101] 22 first transmission fluid line

[0102] 24 Hydraulic pump

[0103] 26 second heat transfer point

[0104] 28 pot element

[0105] 30 tread

[0106] 32 pistons

[0107] 34 piston skirt

[0108] 36 connecting rods

[0109] 38 electric motor

[0110] 40 slices

[0111] 42 first storage location

[0112] 44 second bearing point

[0113] 46 Guide element

[0114] 104 second cylinder

[0115] 106 second transmission room

[0116] 108 second bellows

[0117] 110 second workroom

[0118] 114 second working gas line

[0119] 112 second working gas connection

[0120] 116 second hot part

[0121] 120 second transmission fluid connection 122 second transmission fluid line

[0122] ZM central axis

[0123] ZM second central axis

[0124] L1 first length

[0125] L2 second length

Claims

Claims 1. A heat pump (2) comprising a first cylinder (4) containing a first transfer chamber (6) filled with a transfer fluid; a first compressor element (8), in particular a (metal) bellows, which is arranged within the first cylinder (4) and delimits a first working chamber (10) filled with a working gas; a conveying element (24) which is provided and designed to periodically convey the transfer fluid into the first transfer chamber (6) or within the same, wherein the transfer fluid conveyed by the conveying element (24) periodically actuates the first compressor element (8) and indirectly compresses the working gas contained therein, and the expanding working gas actuates the compressor element (8) and indirectly conveys the transfer fluid, in particular driving the conveying element (24) therethrough;and a first warm part (16) which is connected to the first working chamber (10) via a first working gas line (14) and has a first, warm heat transport point (18) and a second, cold heat transport point (26) which is separate or at least spaced from the first heat transport point (18), wherein heat energy of the first heat transport point (18) can be tapped.; 2. Heat pump (2) according to claim 1, comprising a second cylinder (104) containing a second transfer chamber (106); a second compressor element (108), in particular a (metal) bellows, which is arranged within the second cylinder (104) and delimits a second working chamber (110) filled with the working gas; and a second warm part (116) which is connected to the second working chamber (110) via a second working gas line (114), wherein the conveying element (24) is connected to the second transfer chamber (106) in order to convey the transfer fluid between the first transfer chamber (106) and the second transfer chamber (106); and by conveying the transfer fluid, the expansion work of the working gas in the first working chamber can be used to compress the working gas in the second working chamber and vice versa, and the conveying element (24) expands the working gas in the first working chamber (10) via the transfer fluid, while the working gas is compressed in the second working chamber (110) via the transfer fluid, and wherein the conveying element (24) compresses the working gas in the first working chamber (10) via the transfer fluid, while the working gas expands in the second working chamber (110) via the transfer fluid.

3. Heat pump (2) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the conveying element (24) is a (hydraulic) pump which is connected to the first transfer chamber (6) via a first transfer fluid line (22) and / or to the second transfer chamber (106) via a second transfer fluid line (122).

4. Heat pump (2) according to claim 2 and 3, wherein the (hydraulic) pump is a reversing pump with a first coupling connection and a second coupling connection, wherein the first coupling connection is connected to the first transfer chamber (6) via the first transfer fluid line (22) and the second coupling connection is connected to the second transfer chamber (106) via the second transfer fluid line (122).

5. Heat pump (2) according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein at least the first warm part (16) is a pulse tube warm part or a Stirling warm part, preferably with a movable displacer.

6. Heat pump (2) according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the working gas is present exclusively in a gas phase and is preferably helium or nitrogen or air.

7. Heat pump (2) according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein at least the first compressor element (8) is guided in a stroke direction of the first compressor element.

8. Heat pump (2) according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a heat exchanger is formed at least between the first cylinder (4) and the first warm part (16).

9. Heat pump (2) according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein a cylinder hot spot is formed on the first cylinder (4) and / or on the second cylinder (104), wherein cylinder heat can be tapped off at the cylinder hot spot.

10. Heat pump (2) according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein an operating frequency of the heat pump (2) is less than 50 Hz, preferably between 0.1 Hz and 10 Hz, particularly preferably between 0.5 Hz and 5 Hz.

11. Heat pump (2) according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein a heat transfer element is formed at the first heat transfer point (18) to transfer the heat energy to a heat transfer medium.

12. Heat pump (2) according to claim 11, wherein the heat transfer element is flowed through by the heat transport medium.

13. Heat pump (2) according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the heat transfer element has an inlet which can be connected to a heating system and an outlet which can be connected to the heating system and wherein the heat transport medium flows into the heat transfer element via the inlet at a first, lower temperature and the heat transport medium flows out of the heat transport element via the outlet at a second, higher temperature.

14. Heating system for heating a building and / or a vehicle with a heat pump according to one of claims 1 to 13.

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