Base station

Abstract

This base station comprises: a reception unit that receives, from a terminal that transmits a registration request on the basis of a timer value, mobility information related to the terminal; a control unit that determines a mobility state of the terminal on the basis of the mobility information; and a transmission unit that transmits the mobility state to a network that determines the timer value on the basis of the mobility state.

Description

base station

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a base station that communicates with a terminal that makes a registration request to a core network.

[0002] The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP (registered trademark)) has specified the 5th generation mobile communication system (5G, also known as New Radio (NR) or Next Generation (NG)), and is also working on specifications for next-generation mobile communication systems called Beyond 5G, 5G Evolution, or 6G.

[0003] A terminal (hereinafter referred to as user equipment (UE)) that performs wireless communication with a base station (hereinafter referred to as gNodeB (gNB)) needs to be registered with the Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) that constitutes the core network (CN). This makes it possible to track the movement of the UE. Furthermore, the UE registration needs to be updated periodically. This procedure is called periodic registration update. Periodic registration update is controlled by a timer (T3512). Specifically, a timer value (T3512 value) determined by the AMF is set in the UE, and the UE starts periodic registration update upon expiration of T3512.

[0004] Furthermore, the UE can request the CN to use mobile initiated connection only mode (MICO mode) in registration procedures such as periodic registration updates. MICO mode is a type of power-saving mode and is applied to UEs that do not expect paging requests. In this case, the UE can request a relatively large value (e.g., 60 minutes) as the desired T3512 value from the CN. The AMF also determines the T3512 value based on such a request. As a result, a UE that is authorized to use MICO mode can achieve power-saving effects in communications resulting from the registration procedure (Non-Patent Document 1).

[0005] “3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Core Network and Terminals; Non-Access-Stratum (NAS) protocol for 5G System (5GS); Stage 3; (Release 18)”, 3GPP TS 24.501 V18.5.0, section 5.3.6, 3GPP, December 2023

[0006] However, the application of MICO mode has the problem that it is limited to UEs that do not expect paging requests, in other words, UEs with relatively low movement volume. The movement volume of the majority of UEs varies depending on the user's lifestyle. For example, movement volume increases during the day when the user is active, and decreases (or becomes zero) at night when the user is asleep. For such a large number of UEs, it is difficult to expect power saving effects in communications due to the registration procedure.

[0007] Therefore, an object of the present disclosure is to provide a base station that can achieve a power saving effect with respect to communications resulting from registration procedures in accordance with changes in the amount of movement of a terminal.

[0008] One aspect of the disclosure is a base station comprising: a receiving unit (radio signal transmitting / receiving unit 110) that receives movement information of a terminal from the terminal that transmits a registration request based on a timer value; a control unit (control unit 170) that determines the movement state of the terminal based on the movement information; and a transmitting unit (radio signal transmitting / receiving unit 110) that transmits the movement state to a network that determines the timer value based on the movement state.

[0009] FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an overall schematic configuration of a wireless communication system. FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a frequency range used in the wireless communication system. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example configuration of a wireless frame, subframe, slot, and symbol used in the wireless communication system. FIG. 4 is a functional block diagram of a terminal. FIG. 5 is a functional block diagram of a base station. FIG. 6 is a sequence diagram showing an example of terminal registration. FIG. 7 is a sequence diagram showing an example of terminal registration. FIG. 8 is a sequence diagram showing an example of terminal registration. FIG. 9 is a sequence diagram showing an example of terminal registration. FIG. 10 is a sequence diagram showing an example of terminal registration. FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a terminal. FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an example configuration of a vehicle.

[0010] Hereinafter, embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that the same or similar reference numerals are used to designate the same functions or configurations, and descriptions thereof will be omitted as appropriate.

[0011] (1) Configuration of Wireless Communication System The wireless communication system 10 shown in Fig. 1 is a wireless communication system conforming to a method called 5G. Alternatively, the wireless communication system 10 may be a wireless communication system conforming to a method called Beyond 5G, 5G Evolution, or 6G.

[0012] The wireless communication system 10 can support Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (Massive MIMO), which generates more directional beams by controlling wireless signals transmitted from multiple antenna elements, Carrier Aggregation (CA), which uses multiple component carriers (CCs) as a bundle, and Dual Connectivity (DC), which enables simultaneous communication with two base stations.

[0013] As shown in FIG. 1 , the wireless communication system 10 includes a base station 100 (hereinafter also referred to as a gNodeB (gNB) 100) constituting a Next Generation-Radio Access Network (NG-RAN) 20, and a terminal 200 (hereinafter also referred to as a user equipment (UE) 200) that performs wireless communication with the gNB 100. The NG-RAN 20 is connected to a core network (CN) 30. The CN 30 is composed of multiple network functions (NFs). The NFs are, for example, an access and mobility management function (AMF) 300 and a network data analytics function (NWDAF) 400. The AMF 300 performs, for example, registration of the UE 200. The NWDAF 400 performs, for example, optimization of the CN 30. Note that the specific configuration of the wireless communication system 10, for example, the number of gNBs 100 and UEs 200, is not limited to the example shown in FIG. 1 . The NG-RAN 20 and the CN 30 may be simply referred to as a "network."

[0014] The gNB100 may be a base station in a Centralized-Radio Access Network (C-RAN) configuration having a distributed unit (DU) having a function for connecting to the UE200 and a central unit (CU) having a function for connecting to the network. In this case, the gNB100 may be read as a DU, a CU, or a DU and a CU. When the gNB100 is read as a DU, it may be called a gNB-DU. When the gNB100 is read as a CU, it may be called a gNB-CU. When the gNB100 is read as a DU and a CU, the DU portion may be called a gNB-DU and the CU portion may be called a gNB-CU.

[0015] The wireless communication system 10 may also support multiple frequency ranges (FR). That is, as shown in Fig. 2, the wireless communication system 10 may support the following FRs: FR1: 410 MHz to 7.125 GHz FR2-1: 24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz FR2-2: Over 52.6 GHz to 71 GHz

[0016] In FR1, a subcarrier spacing (SCS) of 15, 30, or 60 kHz and a bandwidth (BW) of 5 to 100 MHz may be used, while in FR2-1, an SCS of 60 or 120 kHz (or even 240 kHz) and a BW of 50 to 400 MHz may be used.

[0017] In FR2-2, to avoid an increase in phase noise, Cyclic Prefix-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (CP-OFDM) or Discrete Fourier Transform-Spread-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM) with a larger SCS may be applied.

[0018] 3, one slot in the wireless communication system 10 is composed of 14 symbols. If this configuration is maintained, the larger (wider) the SCS, the shorter the symbol period (and slot period). Note that the SCS is not limited to the frequencies shown in FIG. 3 and may be, for example, 480 kHz, 960 kHz, or other frequencies.

[0019] Furthermore, the number of symbols constituting one slot does not necessarily have to be 14, but may be, for example, 28 or 56. Furthermore, the number of slots per subframe may differ depending on the SCS.

[0020] (2) Functional Block Configuration of Wireless Communication System (2.1) Functional Block Configuration of Terminal As shown in FIG. 4, the UE 200 includes a wireless signal transmitting / receiving unit 210, an amplifier unit 220, a modulation / demodulation unit 230, a control signal / reference signal processing unit 240, an encoding / decoding unit 250, a data transmitting / receiving unit 260, and a control unit 270.

[0021] The radio signal transceiver 210 transmits and receives radio signals to and from the gNB 100. The radio signal transceiver 210 may be configured with a transmitter that transmits radio signals to the gNB 100 and a receiver that receives radio signals from the gNB 100. The radio signals may include data or may be interpreted as data. Transmission may be interpreted as report, notification, etc. Reception may be interpreted as (configured), (instructed), (notified), etc. Note that configuration may be realized by configuration information (information element (IE)) of the radio resource control (RRC) layer, and instruction may be realized by a control element (CE) or downlink control information (DCI) of the medium access control (MAC) layer.

[0022] The radio signal transceiver 210 of the embodiment functions as a transmitter and transmits a registration request of the UE 200 and a moving state of the UE 200, which will be described later, to the CN 30. Furthermore, the radio signal transceiver 210 functions as a receiver and receives, from the CN 30, a timer value (e.g., a T3512 value) determined based on the moving state of the UE 200. Furthermore, the radio signal transceiver 210 functions as a transmitter and transmits, to the CN 30, a registration request of the UE 200 based on this timer value. The timer value is determined by an NF constituting the CN 30, such as the AMF 300.

[0023] For example, if the timer value received from CN 30 is 60 minutes, radio signal transmitting / receiving unit 210 transmits a registration request for UE 200 after a timer (e.g., T3512) controlled by control unit 270 (described later) measures 60 minutes and expires. Also, if transmission of a registration request is required periodically (e.g., in the case of the periodic registration update described above), radio signal transmitting / receiving unit 210 transmits a registration request for UE 200 at 60-minute intervals as control unit 270 restarts the timer (T3512) after expiration.

[0024] The radio signal transmitting / receiving unit 210 of the embodiment may function as a transmitter and transmit a registration request for the UE 200 and a movement state of the UE 200 via the non-access stratum (NAS). In other words, the radio signal transmitting / receiving unit 210 may function as a transmitter and transmit a registration request for the UE 200 and a movement state of the UE 200 without passing through the gNB 100. On the other hand, the radio signal transmitting / receiving unit 210 may function as a transmitter and transmit a registration request for the UE 200 and a movement state of the UE 200 via the gNB 100.

[0025] The radio signal transmitting / receiving unit 210 of the embodiment may function as a transmitter and transmit a desired timer value, and may function as a receiver and receive a timer value determined based on the movement state of the UE 200 and the desired timer value from the CN 30. In this case, the timer value may be determined by the CN 30 based on the movement state of the UE 200 and the desired timer value.

[0026] The radio signal transmitting and receiving unit 210 of the embodiment may function as a transmitting unit and, when the movement state of the UE 200 has changed, transmit information that the movement state of the UE 200 has changed.

[0027] The radio signal transmitting / receiving unit 210 according to the embodiment may serve as a transmitting unit and transmit a registration request for the UE 200 and a movement state of the UE 200 to a function that registers the UE 200 in the CN 30. The function (NF) in this case is, for example, the AMF 300.

[0028] The amplifier unit 220 is configured by a power amplifier (PA) / low noise amplifier (LNA), etc. The amplifier unit 220 amplifies the radio signal output from the radio signal transmitting / receiving unit 210. The amplifier unit 220 also amplifies the radio signal output from the modulation / demodulation unit 230.

[0029] The modem unit 230 performs data modulation / demodulation, transmission power setting, resource block allocation, etc. for each predetermined communication destination (gNB 100 or another gNB). CP-OFDM / DFT-S-OFDM may be applied in the modem unit 230. Furthermore, DFT-S-OFDM may be used not only for the uplink (UL) but also for the downlink (DL).

[0030] The control signal / reference signal processing unit 240 performs processing related to control signals transmitted and received between the gNB 100, such as radio resource control (RRC) signaling.

[0031] The control signal / reference signal processing unit 240 performs processing related to reference signals transmitted and received between the gNB 100, such as Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS), Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PTRS), Channel State Information-Reference Signal (CSI-RS), Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), and Positioning Reference Signal (PRS).

[0032] The channels include control channels and data channels. The control channels include a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), a physical random access channel (PRACH), a physical broadcast channel (PBCH), etc. The data channels include a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), etc.

[0033] The encoding / decoding unit 250 performs division / concatenation and coding / decoding of data contained in the radio signal for each predetermined communication destination (gNB100 or another gNB).

[0034] Specifically, the encoding / decoding unit 250 decodes the data output from the modem unit 230 and concatenates the decoded data. In addition, the encoding / decoding unit 250 divides the data output from the data transmitter / receiver 260 into pieces of a predetermined size and performs coding on the divided data.

[0035] The data transmitter / receiver 260 assembles and disassembles data units (Protocol Data Units (PDUs) / Service Data Units (SDUs)) that make up data between each layer. The multiple layers include a Medium Access Control (MAC) layer, a Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, and a Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer. The data transmitter / receiver 260 also performs data error correction and retransmission control based on Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ).

[0036] The control unit 270 controls the UE 200. The control unit 270 controls, for example, transmission and reception of radio signals by the radio signal transmission and reception unit 210, amplification by the amplifier unit 220, data modulation / demodulation by the modem unit 230, signal processing by the control signal and reference signal processing unit 240, coding / decoding by the encoding / decoding unit 250, and assembly / disassembly of data units by the data transmission and reception unit 260.

[0037] The control unit 270 of the embodiment determines the mobility state of the UE 200. The mobility state of the UE 200 may be the amount of movement or the frequency of movement (or both) of the UE 200 during a predetermined period. The mobility state of the UE 200 may be, for example, a high mobility state in which the amount of movement or the frequency of movement is relatively high, a low mobility state in which the amount of movement or the frequency of movement is relatively low, or a stationary state in which the amount of movement or the frequency of movement is zero. Note that the high mobility state and the low mobility state may be distinguished by an arbitrary threshold that serves as a reference for the amount of movement or the frequency of movement. Furthermore, one or more intermediate mobility states may be defined between the high mobility state and the low mobility state by an arbitrary threshold. Furthermore, the stationary state is not limited to absolute "zero" but may be a movement amount or a movement frequency that is defined by an arbitrary threshold and can be considered to be substantially "zero."

[0038] The determination of the movement state of the UE 200 may be realized, for example, by a satellite positioning system such as a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), or may be realized by an Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning (AI / ML) model (hereinafter also referred to as a learning model) installed in the UE 200. Note that the learning model may be trained, for example, by movement information of the UE 200 (e.g., UE mobility history info) collected in advance.

[0039] The control unit 270 of the embodiment controls a timer (e.g., T3512) that controls the transmission timing of the registration request of the UE 200 described above. Specifically, the control unit 270 controls the timer so as to measure a timer value (e.g., T3512 value) received by the radio signal transceiver unit 210. The control unit 270 may start a timer that has a timer value set thereto, for example, based on the reception timing of the timer value. Furthermore, the control unit 270 may restart the timer when the timer expires. Note that the control unit 270 may also update the timer value set in the timer when it receives a timer value that is different from the previous timer value.

[0040] (2.2) Functional block configuration of base station As shown in Figure 5, the gNB 100 includes a radio signal transceiver unit 110, an amplifier unit 120, a modulation / demodulation unit 130, a control signal / reference signal processing unit 140, an encoding / decoding unit 150, a data transceiver unit 160, and a control unit 170.

[0041] The radio signal transmitting / receiving unit 110 transmits and receives radio signals to and from the UE 200. The radio signal transmitting / receiving unit 110 may be configured with a transmitting unit that transmits radio signals to the UE 200 and a receiving unit that receives radio signals from the UE 200. The radio signals may include data or may be interpreted as data. Transmission may be interpreted as configuration, instruction, notification, etc. Reception may be interpreted as (reported), notification, etc. Note that configuration may be realized by configuration information (information element (IE)) of a radio resource control (RRC) layer, and instruction may be realized by a control element (CE) or downlink control information (DCI) of a medium access control (MAC) layer.

[0042] The radio signal transmitting / receiving unit 110 of the embodiment serves as a receiving unit and receives movement information of the UE 200 from the UE 200 that transmits a registration request based on the timer value described above. In this case, a control unit 170 (described later) determines the movement state of the UE 200 based on the movement information of the UE 200. Furthermore, the radio signal transmitting / receiving unit 110 serves as a transmitting unit and transmits the movement state of the UE 200 to the CN 30 that determines the timer value based on the movement state of the UE 200.

[0043] The radio signal transmitting / receiving unit 110 of the embodiment may function as a receiving unit to receive a registration request for the UE 200 from the UE 200, and may function as a transmitting unit to transmit a registration request for the UE 200 to the CN 30.

[0044] The radio signal transmitting / receiving unit 110 of the embodiment may serve as a receiving unit and receive a cell history of the UE 200 as mobility information of the UE 200. The cell history of the UE 200 may be understood as a history of cells in which the UE 200 has been located during a predetermined period. The cell history of the UE 200 may be, for example, UE mobility history info.

[0045] The radio signal transmitting / receiving unit 110 of the embodiment may function as a receiving unit to receive a desired timer value from the UE 200, and may function as a transmitting unit to transmit the desired timer value to the CN 30. In this case, the timer value may be determined by the CN 30 based on the movement state of the UE 200 and the desired timer value.

[0046] The radio signal transmitting / receiving unit 110 according to the embodiment may serve as a transmitting unit and transmit the movement state of the UE 200 to a function that registers the UE 200 in the CN 30. In this case, the function (NF) is, for example, the AMF 300.

[0047] The radio signal transceiver 110 according to the embodiment may function as a transmitter and transmit the movement state of the UE 200 to a function in the CN 30 that optimizes the CN 30. In this case, the function (NF) is, for example, the NWDAF 400. In the case of the O-RAN architecture, the function is, for example, a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO), a non-Realtime RAN Intelligent Controller (non-RT RIC), or a near-Realtime RAN Intelligent Controller (near-RT RIC).

[0048] The amplifier unit 120 is configured by a power amplifier (PA) / low noise amplifier (LNA), etc. The amplifier unit 120 amplifies the radio signal output from the radio signal transmitting / receiving unit 110. The amplifier unit 120 also amplifies the radio signal output from the modulation / demodulation unit 130.

[0049] The modem unit 130 performs data modulation / demodulation, transmission power setting, resource block allocation, etc. for each predetermined communication destination (UE 200 or another UE). CP-OFDM / DFT-S-OFDM may be applied to the modem unit 130. Furthermore, DFT-S-OFDM may be used not only for the uplink (UL) but also for the downlink (DL).

[0050] The control signal and reference signal processor 140 performs processing related to control signals transmitted and received between the UE 200, such as radio resource control (RRC) signaling.

[0051] The control signal / reference signal processing unit 140 performs processing related to reference signals transmitted and received between the UE 200, such as a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS), a Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PTRS), a Channel State Information-Reference Signal (CSI-RS), a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), and a Positioning Reference Signal (PRS).

[0052] The channels include control channels and data channels. The control channels include a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), a physical random access channel (PRACH), a physical broadcast channel (PBCH), etc. The data channels include a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), etc.

[0053] The encoding / decoding unit 150 performs division / concatenation and coding / decoding of data included in a radio signal for each predetermined communication destination (UE 200 or another UE).

[0054] Specifically, the encoding / decoding unit 150 decodes the data output from the modem unit 130 and concatenates the decoded data. In addition, the encoding / decoding unit 150 divides the data output from the data transmitter / receiver 160 into pieces of a predetermined size and performs coding on the divided data.

[0055] The data transmitter / receiver 160 assembles and disassembles data units (Protocol Data Units (PDUs) / Service Data Units (SDUs)) that make up data between each layer. The multiple layers include a Medium Access Control (MAC) layer, a Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, and a Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer. The data transmitter / receiver 160 also performs data error correction and retransmission control based on Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ).

[0056] The control unit 170 controls the gNB 100. The control unit 170 controls, for example, the transmission and reception of radio signals by the radio signal transmission and reception unit 110, the amplification by the amplifier unit 120, the data modulation / demodulation by the modem unit 130, the signal processing by the control signal and reference signal processing unit 140, the coding / decoding by the encoding / decoding unit 150, and the assembly / disassembly of data units by the data transmission and reception unit 160. The control unit 170 also performs scheduling for the UE 200.

[0057] The control unit 170 of the embodiment determines the mobility state of the UE 200 based on mobility information of the UE 200. The mobility information of the UE 200 may be, for example, a cell history of the UE 200 (e.g., UE mobility history info). The determination of the mobility state of the UE 200 may be realized by a learning model (also referred to as a learning model) installed in the gNB 100. Note that the learning model may be trained using mobility information of the UE 200 (e.g., UE mobility history info) collected in advance, for example.

[0058] (3) Operation of Wireless Communication System (3.1) Issues The movement amount of the majority of UEs varies depending on the user's daily life. For example, the movement amount increases during the day when the user is active, and decreases (or becomes zero) at night when the user is asleep. For such a large number of UEs, it has been difficult to expect power saving effects in communications due to the registration procedure.

[0059] (3.2) Operational Examples (3.2.1) Operational Example 1 Operational example 1 will be described with reference to Figs. 6 to 8. Operational example 1 is an operational example in which UE 200 determines the mobility state of UE 200 (UE mobility state). First, UE 200 determines the UE mobility state in its own access stratum (UE AS). In this case, UE 200 may transmit the determined UE mobility state to its own non-access stratum (UE NAS). The UE mobility state determined by UE 200 may be, for example, any of the above-mentioned high mobility state, low mobility state, and stationary state.

[0060] As shown in FIG. 6, UE200 transmits a registration request message to CN30 (e.g., AMF300). In this case, UE200 may transmit the determined UE mobility state in the registration request message. In response to this, AMF300 may first determine a timer value (T3512 value) according to the UE mobility state, and then transmit the determined timer value in a registration accept message to UE200. Note that the above transmission and reception is performed in the NAS, and the gNB100 may not be involved.

[0061] Furthermore, when the UE mobility state has changed, the UE 200 may notify the AMF 300 that the UE mobility state has changed (out of high mobility / low mobility / stationary state) in a registration request (registration update) message to be transmitted next. Also, the UE 200 may notify the AMF 300 that the UE mobility state has changed implicitly by not including the UE mobility state in the registration request (registration update) message to be transmitted next. The AMF 300 may transmit a preset default timer value to the UE 200 by a registration accept message.

[0062] As shown in Fig. 7, the UE 200 may transmit the determined UE mobility state and a registration request message separately. Furthermore, in this case, the UE 200 may transmit the determined UE mobility state via the gNB 100. For example, as shown in Fig. 7, the UE mobility state determined by the UE 200 may first be included in a UE Assistance Info message and transmitted to the gNB 100, and then be included in an Initial context setup response message and transmitted to the AMF 300. Thereafter, the UE 200 may transmit a registration request message in the NAS, as in Fig. 6. Furthermore, the AMF 300 may determine a timer value according to the UE mobility state, and transmit the timer value included in a registration acknowledgement message.

[0063] In this specification, the UEAssistanceInfo message may be replaced with, for example, an RRCSetupComplete message (Msg5) or another L1 / L2 / L3 message. Also, the Initial context setup response message may be replaced with, for example, an initial UE message, a UE context modification response message, or another message (transmitted from the gNB 100 to the AMF 300).

[0064] 8 shows an example in which transmission from UE200 to gNB100 is performed by an RRCSetupComplete message, and transmission from gNB100 to AMF300 is performed by an initial UE message. In this case, as in FIG. 6, the UE mobility state and registration request are transmitted simultaneously. Note that the registration request message in FIG. 8 (dedicated NAS message and NAS PDU in the figure) may be interpreted as being transmitted from UE200 to AMF300 via gNB100.

[0065] The timer value may be determined according to the mobility state of UE 200. For example, the timer value may be determined to be 10 minutes in the high mobility state, 60 minutes in the low mobility state, and 240 minutes in the stationary state. Alternatively, the timer value in the high mobility state may be determined to be a value shorter than the default timer value, and the timer value in the low mobility state or the stationary state may be determined to be a value longer than the default timer value.

[0066] Furthermore, UE200 may transmit a desired timer value in addition to the determined UE mobility state. In this case, CN30 (e.g., AMF300) may take the desired timer value into consideration when determining the timer value based on the UE mobility state. For example, when the timer value determined based on the UE mobility state and the desired timer value differ, the desired timer value may be given priority as the timer value to be transmitted to UE200, or the average value (e.g., 90 minutes) of the timer value determined based on the UE mobility state (e.g., 60 minutes) and the desired timer value (e.g., 120 minutes) may be the timer value to be transmitted to UE200.

[0067] In 6G, it is considered that the AMF 300 is divided into a function that performs registration of the UE 200 and a function that manages the mobility of the UE 200. In this case, the AMF 300 in this specification may be interpreted as the function that performs registration of the UE 200.

[0068] As described above, the UE 200 in the first operation example transmits a registration request based on the received timer value. For example, if the timer value received from the CN 30 is 60 minutes, the UE 200 transmits the registration request of the UE 200 after the timer (e.g., T3512) measures 60 minutes and expires. Furthermore, if the transmission of the registration request is required periodically (e.g., in the case of the periodic registration update described above), the UE 200 transmits the registration request of the UE 200 at 60-minute intervals as the timer (T3512) restarts after expiration.

[0069] (3.2.2) Operation Example 2 Operation example 2 will be described with reference to Figures 9 and 10. Operation example 2 is an operation example in which the gNB100 determines the mobility state (UE mobility state) of the UE200. The UE mobility state determined by the gNB100 may be, for example, any one of the above-mentioned high mobility state, low mobility state, and stationary state.

[0070] As shown in FIG. 9 , first, the gNB100 receives mobility information of the UE200 from the UE200. The mobility information of the UE200 may be, for example, the cell history of the UE200 (e.g., UE mobility history info). The UE mobility history info may be a UE History Information IE or a VarMobilityHistoryReport IE. Note that the UE mobility history info may be reported from the UE200 as described above, but is not limited to this and may also be collected by the gNB100 from another UE, another gNB, the CN30, or the like. Alternatively, it may be estimated by a learning model installed in the gNB100.

[0071] The gNB100 may determine the mobility state of the UE200 based on the cell history of the UE200. For example, the gNB100 may determine that the UE mobility state is a low mobility state or a stationary state based on the fact that the UE200 has stayed in the same cell for a predetermined period of time. The gNB100 may also determine that the UE mobility state is a high mobility state based on the fact that the UE200 has undergone a predetermined number of cell transitions within a predetermined period of time (for example, when the UE200 has handed over cells 10 times within 60 minutes). Note that, if the gNB100 cannot receive the cell history of the UE200 from the UE200, the gNB100 may retrieve UE context (UE mobility history info) from another gNB (previous gNB) that forms the cell where the UE200 stayed.

[0072] The gNB 100 can include the determined UE mobility state in, for example, an Initial context setup response message and transmit it to the AMF 300. The subsequent flow is the same as in Fig. 7, and therefore description thereof will be omitted.

[0073] Furthermore, the UE mobility history info and the UE mobility state may be transmitted together with the registration request as shown in Fig. 10. Note that Fig. 10 is almost the same as Fig. 8, and therefore a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

[0074] Furthermore, the gNB100 may transmit the UE mobility history info or the UE mobility state to an NF other than the AMF300 constituting the CN30. The NF other than the AMF300 constituting the CN30 may be, for example, an NF that optimizes the CN30. The NF that optimizes the CN30 may be, for example, an NWDAF400 defined in 3GPP, or an SMO, non-RT RIC, or near RT RIC defined in O-RAN. The NF that optimizes the CN30 may calculate the above-mentioned timer value based on the UE mobility history info or the UE mobility state, and set the calculated timer value in the AMF300. Note that the NF may be replaced with a node, an entity, a server, or the like.

[0075] Alternatively, instead of gNB100, AMF300 may send UE mobility history info or UE mobility state to an NF other than AMF300 that constitutes CN30 (e.g., the NWDAF400, SMO, non-RT RIC, near RT RIC mentioned above).

[0076] (4) Actions and Effects According to the above-described embodiment, by adjusting the timer value that controls the transmission of a registration request according to the UE mobility state, it is possible to achieve a power-saving effect for communications resulting from the registration procedure. In particular, it is possible to improve the efficiency of signaling caused by the periodic registration update procedure. Furthermore, the UE mobility state can be determined not only by the UE 200 but also by the gNB 100. When the gNB 100 makes the determination, it can use the cell history of the UE 200, and therefore can make the determination while taking into account a time-series perspective.

[0077] Note that even when UE 200 makes the determination, the determination may be made taking into consideration not only the current UE mobility state but also the cell history of UE 200. For example, even if the current UE mobility state is a high mobility state, if the UE mobility state has been a stationary state for a long period up to that point, the UE mobility state may be determined to be a stationary state, and AMF 300 may be notified that the UE mobility state is a stationary state.

[0078] Furthermore, according to the above-described embodiment, the registration request and the movement state of the UE 200 may be transmitted via the NAS or via the gNB 100. Furthermore, the movement state of the UE 200 may be transmitted by being included in the registration request of the UE 200, or may be transmitted separately from the registration request of the UE 200. This increases the degree of freedom in the configuration.

[0079] Furthermore, according to the above-described embodiment, by transmitting a desired timer value, it is possible to influence the determination of the timer value by AMF 300.

[0080] Furthermore, according to the above-described embodiment, it is also possible to transmit information indicating that the movement state of the UE 200 has changed, thereby increasing the degree of freedom in the configuration.

[0081] Moreover, according to the above-described embodiment, the registration request and movement state of the UE 200 can be transmitted not only to the AMF 300 but also to the NF that registers the UE 200, and therefore flexible system configurations such as Service Based Architecture (SBA) in 6G can be supported. Furthermore, according to the above-described embodiment, the registration request and movement state of the UE 200 can be transmitted not only to the AMF 300 or an NF equivalent to the AMF 300 but also to other NFs such as the NWDAF 400, and therefore an optimization effect of the CN 30 by the NWDAF 400 can be expected.

[0082] (5) Other Embodiments The contents of the present invention have been described above in accordance with the embodiments, but it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to these descriptions and that various modifications and improvements are possible.

[0083] The above-described operation examples may be combined and applied in a composite manner, as long as no contradiction occurs.

[0084] The block diagrams used to explain the above embodiments show functional blocks. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of hardware and / or software. Furthermore, the method for realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using a single device that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (e.g., wired, wireless, etc.) and these multiple devices. The functional block may also be realized by combining software with the single device or multiple devices.

[0085] Functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, determination, judgment, calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, consideration, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assignment. For example, a functional block (component) that performs transmission is called a transmitting unit or transmitter. As mentioned above, there are no particular limitations on how these functions are implemented.

[0086] For example, the base station 100, the terminal 200, and the like according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Fig. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of the base station 100 and the terminal 200 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The base station 100 and the terminal 200 described above may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, and the like.

[0087] In the following description, the term "apparatus" can be interpreted as a circuit, a device, a unit, etc. The hardware configuration of base station 100 and terminal 200 may be configured to include one or more of the apparatuses shown in the drawings, or may be configured to exclude some of the apparatuses.

[0088] Each function in the base station 100 and the terminal 200 is realized by loading predetermined software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, causing the processor 1001 to perform calculations, control communication by the communication device 1004, and control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and the storage 1003.

[0089] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer by running, for example, an operating system, and may be configured as a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control unit, an arithmetic unit, a register, etc.

[0090] The processor 1001 also reads programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes in accordance with these. The programs used are those that cause a computer to execute at least some of the operations described in the above-described embodiments. While the above-described various processes have been described as being executed by one processor 1001, they may be executed simultaneously or sequentially by two or more processors 1001. The processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips. The programs may be transmitted from a network via a telecommunications line.

[0091] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be configured by, for example, at least one of a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), a random access memory (RAM), etc. The memory 1002 may also be called a register, a cache, a main memory (primary storage device), etc. The memory 1002 can store executable programs (program codes), software modules, etc. for implementing a wireless communication method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0092] Storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be, for example, at least one of an optical disk such as a Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM), a hard disk drive, a flexible disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disk, a digital versatile disk, a Blu-ray disc), a smart card, a flash memory (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a floppy disk, a magnetic strip, etc. Storage 1003 may also be referred to as an auxiliary storage device. The above-mentioned storage medium may be, for example, a database, a server, or other suitable medium including at least one of memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0093] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmission / reception device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as, for example, a network device, a network controller, a network card, a communication module, etc. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. to realize, for example, at least one of Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD).

[0094] The input device 1005 is an input device (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc.) that receives input from the outside. The output device 1006 is an output device (e.g., a display, a speaker, an LED lamp, etc.) that outputs to the outside. Note that the input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one device (e.g., a touch panel).

[0095] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between each device.

[0096] Furthermore, base station 100 and terminal 200 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized by the hardware. For example, processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these pieces of hardware.

[0097] The notification of information is not limited to the aspects / embodiments described in the present disclosure and may be performed using other methods. For example, the notification of information may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB)), other signals, or a combination thereof. Furthermore, the RRC signaling may be referred to as an RRC message, and may be, for example, an RRC Connection Setup message, an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message, or the like.

[0098] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may apply to at least one of a system using Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, a 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), a 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), a 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), an xth generation mobile communication system (xG) (where x is, for example, an integer or a decimal), Future Radio Access (FRA), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), W-CDMA (registered trademark), GSM (registered trademark), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20, Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth (registered trademark), or any other suitable system, and next generation systems extended, modified, created, or defined based on these. In addition, multiple systems may be applied in combination (for example, a combination of at least one of LTE and LTE-A with 5G).

[0099] The order of the procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc. of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be changed unless it is consistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present elements of various steps using an example order, and are not limited to the particular order presented.

[0100] In the present disclosure, a specific operation described as being performed by a base station may be performed by its upper node in some cases. In a network consisting of one or more network nodes having a base station, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with a terminal may be performed by at least one of the base station and another network node other than the base station (for example, an MME or an S-GW, etc., but are not limited to these). Although the above example illustrates a case where there is one other network node other than the base station, a combination of multiple other network nodes (for example, an MME and an S-GW) may also be used.

[0101] Information, signals (information, etc.) may be output from a higher layer (or a lower layer) to a lower layer (or a higher layer), or may be input / output via multiple network nodes.

[0102] Input and output information may be stored in a specific location (for example, memory) or may be managed using a management table. Input and output information may be overwritten, updated, or added to. Output information may be deleted. Input information may be transmitted to another device.

[0103] The determination may be made based on a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), a Boolean value (true or false), or a numerical comparison (e.g., comparison with a predetermined value).

[0104] The aspects / embodiments described in this disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched depending on the implementation. Notification of predetermined information (e.g., notification that "X is true") is not limited to explicit notification, but may be implicit (e.g., not notifying the predetermined information).

[0105] Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

[0106] Software, instructions, information, etc. may also be transmitted or received over a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using wired technologies (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), and / or wireless technologies (such as infrared, microwave), then these wired and / or wireless technologies are included within the definition of transmission media.

[0107] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0108] Note that terms described in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, at least one of a channel and a symbol may be a signal (signaling). Furthermore, a signal may be a message. Furthermore, a component carrier (CC) may be called a carrier frequency, a cell, a frequency carrier, etc.

[0109] As used in this disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" are used interchangeably.

[0110] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc. described in the present disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or other corresponding information. For example, a radio resource may be indicated by an index.

[0111] The names used for the above-described parameters are not intended to be limiting in any way. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. The various channels (e.g., PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements may be identified by any suitable names, and therefore the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not intended to be limiting in any way.

[0112] In this disclosure, terms such as "base station (BS)," "radio base station," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNodeB (eNB)," "gNodeB (gNB)," "access point," "transmission point," "reception point," "transmission / reception point," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," and "component carrier" may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell.

[0113] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells (also called sectors). When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be divided into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can be provided with communication services by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head, RRH)). The term "cell" or "sector" refers to a part or the entire coverage area of ​​a base station and / or a base station subsystem that provides communication services within this coverage.

[0114] In the present disclosure, the base station transmitting information to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to control or operate based on the information.

[0115] In this disclosure, terms such as "terminal," "user terminal," "Mobile Station (MS)," and "User Equipment (UE)" may be used interchangeably.

[0116] A mobile station may also be referred to by those skilled in the art as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology.

[0117] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be referred to as a transmitting device, a receiving device, a communication device, etc. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a mobile object, the mobile object itself, etc. The mobile object refers to a movable object, and may move at any speed. Naturally, this also includes cases where the mobile object is stationary. Examples of the mobile object include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcars, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones (registered trademark), multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and objects mounted thereon. The mobile object may also be an autonomous mobile object operating based on an operational command. It may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile object (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device that does not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0118] Furthermore, the base station in the present disclosure may be read as a terminal. For example, the aspects / embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a terminal is replaced with communication between multiple terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D) or Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the terminal 200 may be configured to have the functions of the base station 100 described above. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be read as terms corresponding to communication between terminals (for example, "side"). For example, terms such as an uplink channel and a downlink channel may be read as a side channel.

[0119] Similarly, the term "terminal" in the present disclosure may be read as "base station." In this case, the base station 100 may be configured to have the functions of the terminal 200 described above.

[0120] 12 shows an example of the configuration of a vehicle 2001. As shown in Fig. 12, the vehicle 2001 includes a drive unit 2002, a steering unit 2003, an accelerator pedal 2004, a brake pedal 2005, a shift lever 2006, left and right front wheels 2007, left and right rear wheels 2008, an axle 2009, an electronic control unit 2010, various sensors 2021 to 2029, an information service unit 2012, and a communication module 2013.

[0121] The drive unit 2002 is composed of, for example, an engine, a motor, or a hybrid of an engine and a motor.

[0122] The steering unit 2003 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels and the rear wheels based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

[0123] The electronic control unit 2010 is composed of a microprocessor 2031, a memory (ROM, RAM) 2032, and a communication port (IO port) 2033. Signals are input to the electronic control unit 2010 from various sensors 2021 to 2027 provided in the vehicle. The electronic control unit 2010 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

[0124] The signals from the various sensors 2021 to 2029 include a current signal from a current sensor 2021 that senses the current of the motor, a rotation speed signal of the front and rear wheels obtained by a rotation speed sensor 2022, an air pressure signal of the front and rear wheels obtained by an air pressure sensor 2023, a vehicle speed signal obtained by a vehicle speed sensor 2024, an acceleration signal obtained by an acceleration sensor 2025, an accelerator pedal depression amount signal obtained by an accelerator pedal sensor 2029, a brake pedal depression amount signal obtained by a brake pedal sensor 2026, a shift lever operation signal obtained by a shift lever sensor 2027, and a detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. obtained by an object detection sensor 2028.

[0125] The information service unit 2012 is composed of various devices, such as a car navigation system, an audio system, speakers, a television, and a radio, for providing (outputting) various types of information, such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs for controlling these devices. The information service unit 2012 uses information acquired from external devices via the communication module 2013, etc., to provide various types of multimedia information and multimedia services to the occupants of the vehicle 2001.

[0126] The information service unit 2012 may include input devices (e.g., keyboards, mice, microphones, switches, buttons, sensors, touch panels, etc.) that accept input from the outside, and may also include output devices (e.g., displays, speakers, LED lamps, touch panels, etc.) that output to the outside.

[0127] The driving assistance system unit 2030 is composed of various devices that provide functions for preventing accidents and reducing the driver's driving burden, such as millimeter-wave radar, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., GNSS, etc.), map information (e.g., high-definition (HD) maps, autonomous vehicle (AV) maps, etc.), gyro systems (e.g., inertial measurement units (IMUs), inertial navigation systems (INSs), etc.), artificial intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driving assistance system unit 2030 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 2013 to realize driving assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0128] The communication module 2013 can communicate with the microprocessor 2031 and components of the vehicle 2001 via the communication port. For example, the communication module 2013 transmits and receives data via the communication port 2033 to and from the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, left and right front wheels 2007, left and right rear wheels 2008, axle 2009, microprocessor 2031 and memory (ROM, RAM) 2032 in the electronic control unit 2010, and sensors 2021 to 2029, which are provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0129] The communication module 2013 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 2031 of the electronic control unit 2010 and can communicate with an external device. For example, it transmits and receives various information to and from the external device via wireless communication. The communication module 2013 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 2010. The external device may be, for example, a base station, a mobile station, or the like.

[0130] The communication module 2013 may transmit at least one of signals from the above-mentioned various sensors 2021 to 2029 input to the electronic control unit 2010, information obtained based on the signals, and information based on input from the outside (user) obtained via the information service unit 2012 to an external device via wireless communication. The electronic control unit 2010, the various sensors 2021 to 2029, the information service unit 2012, etc. may be referred to as input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 2013 may include information based on the above-mentioned input.

[0131] The communication module 2013 receives various information (traffic information, traffic signal information, vehicle distance information, etc.) transmitted from external devices and displays it on the information service unit 2012 provided in the vehicle. The information service unit 2012 may also be called an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to a device such as a display or speaker based on the PDSCH received by the communication module 2013 (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH)).

[0132] Furthermore, the communication module 2013 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 2032 that can be used by the microprocessor 2031. Based on the information stored in the memory 2032, the microprocessor 2031 may control the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, left and right front wheels 2007, left and right rear wheels 2008, axle 2009, sensors 2021 to 2029, and the like provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0133] As used in this disclosure, the terms "determining" and "determining" may encompass a wide variety of actions. "Determining" and "determining" may include, for example, judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, searching, inquiring (e.g., searching a table, database, or other data structure), and ascertaining, all of which are considered to be "judging" and "determining." "Determining" and "determining" may also include receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, and accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), all of which are considered to be "judging" and "determining." "Determining" and "determining" may also include resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, and other actions, all of which are considered to be "judging" and "determining." In other words, "judgment" and "decision" can include regarding some action as having been "judged" or "decided." Also, "judgment (decision)" can be interpreted as "assuming," "expecting," "considering," etc.

[0134] The terms "connected," "coupled," or any variation thereof, refer to any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are "connected" or "coupled" to each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, "connected" may be read as "access." As used in this disclosure, two elements may be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to each other using one or more wires, cables, and / or printed electrical connections, as well as electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency range, microwave range, and optical (both visible and invisible) range, as some non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples.

[0135] The reference signal may also be abbreviated as RS, and may be called a pilot depending on the applicable standard.

[0136] As used in this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based only on," unless expressly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based only on" and "based at least on."

[0137] As used in this disclosure, any reference to an element using a designation such as "first," "second," etc. does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must in some way precede the second element.

[0138] The "means" in the configuration of each of the above devices may be replaced with "part," "circuit," "device," etc.

[0139] When the terms "include," "including," and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, similar to the term "comprising." Furthermore, when the term "or" is used in this disclosure, it is not intended to be an exclusive or.

[0140] A radio frame may be composed of one or more frames in the time domain. Each of the one or more frames in the time domain may be called a subframe. A subframe may further be composed of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0141] Numerology may be a communication parameter applied to the transmission and / or reception of a signal or channel, such as subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame structure, specific filtering operations performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, specific windowing operations performed by the transceiver in the time domain, etc.

[0142] A slot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain (such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbols, etc.) A slot may be a time unit based on numerology.

[0143] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or multiple symbols in the time domain. A minislot may also be called a subslot. A minislot may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a minislot may be called PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0144] The radio frame, subframe, slot, minislot, and symbol all represent time units for transmitting signals, and may be referred to by other names corresponding to the radio frame, subframe, slot, minislot, and symbol.

[0145] For example, one subframe may be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI), multiple consecutive subframes may be referred to as a TTI, or one slot or one minislot may be referred to as a TTI. That is, at least one of the subframe and the TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (e.g., 1 to 13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing the TTI may be referred to as a slot, minislot, etc., instead of a subframe.

[0146] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, a base station schedules each terminal by allocating radio resources (such as frequency bandwidth and transmission power that can be used by each terminal) in TTI units. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0147] The TTI may be a transmission time unit for a channel-encoded data packet (transport block), a code block, a code word, etc., or may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) to which a transport block, a code block, a code word, etc. is actually mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0148] In addition, when one slot or one minislot is called a TTI, one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more minislots) may be the minimum time unit for scheduling. Furthermore, the number of slots (minislots) constituting the minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0149] A TTI having a time length of 1 ms may be referred to as a regular TTI (TTI in LTE Rel. 8 to 12), normal TTI, long TTI, regular subframe, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a regular TTI may be referred to as a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, minislot, subslot, slot, etc.

[0150] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a time length of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a TTI length shorter than the TTI length of a long TTI and equal to or greater than 1 ms.

[0151] A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and the frequency domain, and may include one or more consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be the same regardless of numerology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be determined based on numerology.

[0152] The time domain of an RB may include one or more symbols and may have a length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI. One TTI, one subframe, etc. may each be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0153] Note that one or more RBs may also be called a physical resource block (PRB), a sub-carrier group (SCG), a resource element group (REG), a PRB pair, an RB pair, etc.

[0154] Furthermore, a resource block may be composed of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource region of one subcarrier and one symbol. A bandwidth part (BWP) (which may also be referred to as a partial bandwidth) may represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) for a certain numerology in a certain carrier. Here, the common RBs may be identified by their indexes relative to the common reference point of the carrier. PRBs may be defined in a certain BWP and numbered within the BWP.

[0155] The BWP may include a BWP for UL (UL BWP) and a BWP for DL ​​(DL BWP). One or more BWPs may be configured for a UE within one carrier.

[0156] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE may not expect to transmit or receive a given signal / channel outside the active BWP. Note that the terms "cell," "carrier," etc. in this disclosure may be read as "BWP."

[0157] The above-described structures of radio frames, subframes, slots, minislots, symbols, etc. are merely examples, and various configurations, such as the number of subframes included in a radio frame, the number of slots per subframe or radio frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, the number of symbols in a TTI, the symbol length, and the cyclic prefix (CP) length, can be changed.

[0158] The "maximum transmit power" in this disclosure may mean the maximum value of the transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0159] In this disclosure, where articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are in the plural form.

[0160] In the present disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "coupled" may also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0161] Although the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The present disclosure can be implemented in modified and altered forms without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the claims. Therefore, the description of the present disclosure is intended to be illustrative and does not have any limiting meaning on the present disclosure.

[0162] (Additional Note) The above disclosure may be expressed as follows.

[0163] The first feature is a base station comprising: a receiving unit that receives movement information of a terminal from the terminal that sends a registration request based on a timer value; a control unit that determines the movement state of the terminal based on the movement information; and a transmitting unit that transmits the movement state to a network that determines the timer value based on the movement state.

[0164] A second feature is the base station according to the first feature, wherein the receiver receives the registration request, and the transmitter transmits the registration request.

[0165] A third feature is the base station according to the first or second feature, wherein the receiving unit receives a cell history of the terminal as the movement information.

[0166] A fourth feature is a base station in any of the first to third features, wherein the receiving unit receives a desired timer value, the transmitting unit transmits the desired timer value, and the network determines the timer value based on the mobility state and the desired timer value.

[0167] A fifth feature is a base station according to any one of the first to fourth features, wherein the transmission unit transmits the movement state to a function that registers the terminal in the network.

[0168] A sixth feature is a base station according to any one of the first to fifth features, wherein the transmitter transmits the mobility state to a function in the network that optimizes the network.

[0169] 10 Wireless communication system 20 NG-RAN 30 CN 100 Base station 110 Wireless signal transmitting / receiving unit 120 Amplifier unit 130 Modulation / demodulation unit 140 Control signal / reference signal processing unit 150 Encoding / decoding unit 160 Data transmitting / receiving unit 170 Control unit 200 Terminal 210 Wireless signal transmitting / receiving unit 220 Amplifier unit 230 Modulation / demodulation unit 240 Control signal / reference signal processing unit 250 Encoding / decoding unit 260 Data transmitting / receiving unit 270 Control unit 300 AMF 400 NWDAF 1001 Processor 1002 Memory 1003 Storage 1004 Communication device 1005 Input device 1006 Output device 1007 Bus 2001 Vehicle 2002 Drive unit 2003 Steering unit 2004 Accelerator pedal 2005 Brake pedal 2006 Shift lever 2007 Left and right front wheels 2008 Left and right rear wheels 2009 Axle 2010 Electronic control unit 2012 Information service unit 2013 Communication module 2021 Current sensor 2022 RPM sensor 2023 Air pressure sensor 2024 Vehicle speed sensor 2025 Acceleration sensor 2026 Brake pedal sensor 2027 Shift lever sensor 2028 Object detection sensor 2029 Accelerator pedal sensor 2030 Driving assistance system unit 2031 Microprocessor 2032 Memory (ROM, RAM) 2033 Communication port (IO port)

Claims

1. A base station comprising: a receiving unit that receives movement information of the terminal from a terminal that transmits a registration request based on a timer value; a control unit that determines a movement state of the terminal based on the movement information; and a transmitting unit that transmits the movement state to a network that determines the timer value based on the movement state.

2. The base station according to claim 1, wherein the receiving unit receives the registration request and the transmitting unit transmits the registration request.

3. The base station according to claim 1, wherein the receiving unit receives a cell history of the terminal as the movement information.

4. The base station according to claim 1, wherein the receiving unit receives a desired timer value, the transmitting unit transmits the desired timer value, and the network determines the timer value based on the movement state and the desired timer value.

5. The base station according to claim 1, wherein the transmitting unit transmits the movement state to a function that performs registration of the terminal in the network.

6. The base station according to claim 1, wherein the transmitting unit transmits the movement state to a function that optimizes the network in the network.

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