Method and device for producing atmospheric water

Abstract

This invention presents an efficient method and device for condensing water from the surrounding atmosphere with high energy efficiency. The invention can be applied both in industrial and domestic contexts within the fields of electrical engineering, automation, and electronics. The atmospheric moisture generator falls under the domain of "condensation." The invention offers approach to water condensation by regulating the flow of humid air containing water vapor, followed by sharp artificial heating and cooling of the air, resulting in substantial condensation of water vapor. A significant temperature difference in the air accelerates the condensation process, increasing the air's moisture-holding capacity.

Description

[0001] Method and Device for Producing Atmospheric Water

[0002] This invention relates to an efficient and innovative method for condensing water from the humidity of ambient atmospheric air with economical energy consumption. It pertains to the fields of gas thermodynamics, electrical engineering, automation, and electronics, and can be utilized both industrially and domestically for water condensation. See Figures 1-12 for 3D images. The invention formula significantly reduces air consumption and increases water condensation. Various methods and devices for extracting water from the atmosphere are known.

[0003] 1. Method for Obtaining Water from Atmospheric Air (RU 2081256) cl. E03B 3 / 28, 1997

[0004] A known method for extracting water from atmospheric air involves creating a stream of air containing water vapor, artificially cooling it, condensing the water vapor, and supplying the freshly condensed water to a collection reservoir. The drawback of this method is its dependence on external energy and the need for high external energy to create the air stream directed to the condenser for moisture condensation.

[0005] 2. The Closest Method for Obtaining Water from Atmospheric Air - Patent RU0002146744C1

[0006] This method of extracting water from air involves creating an air stream with water vapor, artificially cooling it, and condensing the vapor. The freshly condensed water flows into a collection container, and the cooled air is returned to the condenser to maintain the cooling device’s operating mode. Air from the environment, with a relative humidity of 70- 100% and a temperature of +15 to +50°C, passes through an electrostatic field. The cooled air is then directed through a connecting hose to the radiator of the condenser, where the air volume passing through contains 20 grams of moisture per cubic meter. The average daily performance of the installation is 12-13 thousand cubic meters of air per day.

[0007] Drawbacks of this method include:

[0008] • Dependence on environmental conditions (relative humidity and temperature).

[0009] • Processing large air volumes with relatively low productivity.

[0010] • High energy consumption for processing and cooling large air volumes.

[0011] • High electrical energy requirement for implementing this method and operatingthe installation.

[0012] 3. Another Device for Extracting Water from the Atmosphere - US Patent US5203989A

[0013] A relevant device for generating water from air is an air-water generator. According to this patent, an air stream containing water vapor is cooled below the dew point, condensing the water vapor into liquid, while the dried air is expelled into the atmosphere. The device includes a housing with a refrigeration machine and means for transporting the air stream. The lower part of the housing is connected to the water collection system. When atmospheric air containing water vapor is supplied, it condenses on the cooling element of the refrigeration machine, cooling the air stream that is then released into the atmosphere.

[0014] The drawbacks of this method and device include the low efficiency of refrigeration power usage, as only a small portion is used for water vapor condensation, especially in low humidity. The majority of the refrigeration power is spent on cooling the dried air discharged into the atmosphere. The device lacks means to adjust the condensate volume. These devices rely on general water extraction technology without accounting for temperature differences, makingthem dependent on climatic conditions and weather, consuming more energy and producing less water. They also have large dimensions and weight.

[0015] However, our device can generate more water in a shorter time and with greater efficiency compared to other known condensers.

[0016] 4. The Closest Analog of the Device for Obtaining Water from Atmospheric Air - Patent RU 2245967 C2

[0017] The device for extracting water from atmospheric air includes a channel fortransporting the air stream, containing a cooling element and a condensate collection system. This channel is inside an outer housing, forming a lower cavity between the side surface of the housing and the channel for releasing dried air. Inside the housing, radiators dissipate heat from hot nodes, thermoelectric batteries are installed, and cold nodes are in thermal contact with the cooling element. This element consists of metal pins or tubes arranged in a staggered pattern inside the air transport channel. Below the cooling element is a turbine of an electric generator, with a condensate collection system above it to prevent moisture from reachingthe turbine blades. The device includes two inclined grids coveringthe entire section of the airtransport channel, allowing enough space for air to pass freely. A lamp is installed at the outlet of the channel for releasing dried air.

[0018] The drawback of this device is the inefficient use of energy spent on condensing moisture from ambient air. The device lacks means for adjustingthe amount of condensate and has no water purification system for the water extracted from the atmospheric air stream.

[0019] Method for Generating Water from Atmospheric Air

[0020] The method involves adjustingthe air flow, artificially heating it to the required temperature, rapidly cooling it, and controlled condensation of water vapor. The resulting condensate water is collected in a reservoir, while the cooled air is discharged outside.

[0021] The process is carried out as follows: a fan regulates the flow of atmospheric air containing water vapor. The fan directs the air through a filter at an ambient temperature of +5°C and relative humidity ranging from 10% to 99%, after which the air passes through a heating element. The heated air is then delivered through a distributor to an evaporator or condenser radiator, where it is cooled below the dew point. The condensate water collected is deposited in a water reservoir, and the cooled air is expelled outside. This water is distilled and sufficiently pure.

[0022] The device for producing water from atmospheric air is a generator based on moisture condensation. It includes a fan, heater, cooler, and instruments for process control, automation, collection, purification, and mineralization of water. The device employs condensation to extract water from moist air. The technical result of the invention is the production of fresh water in conditions where traditional sources are unavailable or inaccessible. See Figure 10.

[0023] Functional Diagram of the Device Includes the Following Components:

[0024] 1 . Pipe Frame: Connects the elements and is made from a 2 mm thick steel pipe. All components are smoothly joined by welding or fasteners and are placed inside the casing.

[0025] 2. Fan: Regulates the air flow and can be individually adjusted.

[0026] 3. Heater: Regulates the air temperature from 20°C to 150°C.

[0027] 4. Evaporator: The site where water vapor condenses. The air is cooled to the dew point, and moisture begins to condense. To reduce the temperature difference, the evaporator should have more than 10 rows, each capable of decreasing the temperature difference by up to 20°C. The evaporator may be coated with a hydrophilic material to facilitate condensation.

[0028] 5. Compressor: Cools the evaporator and controls temperature changes. It manages the air temperature at the outlet.

[0029] 6. Air Outlet: The cooled air exits through a side opening on the right.

[0030] 7. Water Collection System: Gathers condensate after the condensation process. A reservoir for condensed water, which may be equipped with a UV filtration and mineralization system, is typically used.

[0031] 8. Water Purification and Filtration: The water is purified using a UV lamp and filters to remove particles, bacteria, and other contaminants. Water mineralization can be simple or programmable, using filters or a system based on micro- and macroelements.

[0032] 9. Control System: Manages heating, cooling, condensation, and water collection processes. It includes sensors to monitor humidity, temperature, and water levels. The system can operate on various power sources, including solar panels, magnetic generators, or the electrical grid.

[0033] The primary distinction of this method from others lies in the effective management of the air flow and the creation of a temperature difference within the device, enabling the generation of a greater volume of condensate water as needed. Essence of the Invention

[0034] The atmospheric water generator pertains to the technical field known as "moisture generation" or "air dehumidification." The essence of this invention lies in the creation of a device capable of extracting water from the humid air of the surrounding atmosphere and condensing it into liquid form, suitable for drinking or other purposes. This device uses innovative condensation technology to enhance and collect water vapor from the air without relying on underground or surface water sources, converting it into pure drinking water. The water produced is suitable for various purposes such as drinking, irrigation, or meeting other water needs. Atmospheric water generators are particularly useful in areas with limited water resources or in crisis situations where access to clean water is restricted. They can be used in residential, commercial, emergency situations, and regions experiencing water scarcity.

[0035] The goal of the atmospheric water generation method is to significantly impact the creation of more condensate.

[0036] The method for generating water from the atmosphere is based on a sharp temperature change to condense water from the air. The process of extracting water from the atmosphere involves the automatic or manual regulation of the airflow containing water vapor using a control system. Several calculations are conducted: Raoult's law is applied to determine the partial pressure of vapor (Pv) and the molar fraction of water (y1 ) in the incoming air, using the total pressure (P) to calculate relative humidity (Hr), and a material balance is maintained based on the molar fractions of water at the input (y1) and output (y2), and the molecular flow rate of air using the ideal gas equation. Subsequently, the air is heated (50°C < Thava < 150°C), sharply cooled, and the resulting water is collected.

[0037] Key Calculation Steps:

[0038] I. Using Raoult's Law to Calculate the Molar Fraction of Water (yl) in Incoming Air Raoult’s law is expressed as Pv = ■ P (Equation 1).

[0039] The molar fraction of water (yl) is calculated based on this equation.

[0040] IL Calculating Relative Humidity (Pv):

[0041] Relative humidity (Hr) is given as P TVFC (Equation 2). This allows for the calculation of vapor pressure.

[0042] HI. Calculating the Molecular Flow of Incoming Air:

[0043] The ideal gas equation PV = mKT (Equation 3) is used, with the input equation being Pl VI = (Equation 4).

[0044] IV. Calculating the Molar Fraction of Water at the Output (y2):

[0045] The partial fraction of water at the output (y2) is determined using y2 ~ V. Application of Dry Air

[0046] The material balance for dry air is ensured with the equation ■ ml ” (1 $2) - m2 (Equation 5). This equation verifies the balance of dry air at the input and output

[0047] VI. Calculating the Molecular Flow of Condensed Water:

[0048] The molecular flow of condensed water (m3) is calculated as the difference between the molecular flows of water vapor at the input and output.

[0049] This process involves a series of calculations, including determining molecular fractions, pressures, and molecular flows. The application of Raoult's law and the ideal gas equation helps to calculate the behavior of water vapor in the system. These calculations are necessary to understand the behavior of air and water vapor in the system, particularly concerning humidity and material balances.

[0050] Large temperature fluctuations cause the condensation of water from the air. When air is heated, it expands, and upon rapid cooling, moisture condenses. This creates a compression effect that promotes water condensation.

[0051] The device aims to save energy, simplify technology, and increase water production efficiency.

[0052] List of Illustrations (Drawings):

[0053] • Figure 1 - Functional Diagram of the Device

[0054] • Twelve 3D Figures: o Figure 2 - Front View o Figure 3 - Rear View o Figure 4- Left View without Casing o Figure 5 - Right View without Casing o Figure 6 - Left View without Casing o Figure 7 - Right View without Casing o Figure 8-Top View without Casing o Figure 9 - Front View without Casing o Figure 10 - Rear View o Figure 11 - Cross-Sectional View Describing Airflow Process o Figure 12 - Cross-Sectional View Describing Cooling System o Figure 13 - Description of the Control System

[0055] Two Humidity Graphs: o Figure 14 -Water Production Diagram Based on Humidity Values and Temperature Differences of 5°C, 40°C, 60°C. o Figure 15 -Water Production Diagram Based on Humidity Values and Temperature Differences of 90°C, 120°C, 150°C.

[0056] Information Confirming the Feasibility of the Invention

[0057] The pipeline (1) for the airflow is connected to a fan (2), which regulates the air flow, and a heater (3). Tests have shown that heating the air from approximately 20°C to 120°C is achievable using 9 kW of power. To ensure heat exchange and environmental protection, this part is externally equipped with thermal insulation and covered with a casing. The heating element consists of four or more exposed coils, whose power can be individually adjusted. The heated air is directed through a distribution device into the condensation chamber, where it contacts a surface on which condensation occurs. The pipeline (1) is connected to a cooling evaporator (4). See Figure 1.

[0058] The evaporator (4) is cooled using a compressor (5). The evaporator is a radiator with internal fluid circulation. By using the compressor, we can cool part of the system and circulate the cooling fluid through a heat exchanger. This is where the water vapor condenses, as the air is cooled to the dew point, initiating moisture condensation. The air exits through the back of the device or through the right side compartment (6). After the water vapor condenses, the moisture must be collected. A water collection tank (7) is used for this purpose.

[0059] To obtain clean drinking water, the water collection tank can be equipped with a filtration, UV purification, and mineralization system (8). UV lamps, filters for removing particles, bacteria, or other contaminants are used for this purpose. Water mineralization can be achieved in two ways. The simple method involves installing a mineralizing filter in the water tap, with the filter replaced every five months. Comprehensive mineralization (with programmable composition) may include a microprocessor and salt tanks.

[0060] Control System (9)

[0061] The water generator can be equipped with a control system that oversees the processes of heating, cooling, condensation, and water collection. This system may include sensors for monitoring humidity, temperature, and water level, as well as devices for adjusting the system's operation. The device should be connected to a power source (wall socket). The water generator can operate on various energy sources, such as solar panels, magnetic generators, or the electric grid.

[0062] Operating Principle

[0063] The device lowers the air temperature to induce the condensation of water vapor. The method for extracting water from air begins by creating an atmospheric air flow containing vapor. This flow then passes through a heat exchanger and a sequential heating system, resulting in condensation. See Figure 11 .

[0064] Three types of flows can be identified in the device's operation:

[0065] 1 . The air flow from which water will be extracted.

[0066] 2. The refrigerant flow in a closed loop, consisting of radiators and a cooler.

[0067] 3. The operation of the control system.

[0068] The method is based on Raoult's Law. The material balance formula calculates the behavior of mixtures. Raoult's Law indicates that the partial pressure of a component in an ideal liquid mixture is proportional to the mole fraction of the component in the mixture at a given temperature. The law assumes ideal behavior, where components do not interact with each other, and molecular interactions are negligible.

[0069] Temperature changes lead to changes in humidity. A significant temperature change results in air saturation with vapor and a shift in absolute humidity levels. The method creates an artificial temperature difference in the airflow (50°C > Thava > 150°C), leading to intense vapor condensation due to rapid cooling.

[0070] Using software, the mass of condensed water can be precisely calculated under varying atmospheric conditions. To achieve the required amount of water, a control and automation system with a microprocessor or control panel is installed.

[0071] As a result, this device can produce more water as air humidity increases with a greater temperature difference. See Figures 14 and 15.

[0072] At a temperature of 90°C and a surface volume of 2 m3 / min, every 10% increase in humidity raises water output by 7-8 liters. At 120°C and the same surface volume, the increase is 13- 14 liters. At 150°C, the increase surpasses 53 liters for every 10% rise in humidity.

[0073] As seen, increasing the temperature difference enhances the water content in the air.

[0074] A sharp air temperature change under normal atmospheric pressure and dry conditions causes evaporation associated with water vapor. This leads to higher water production by adjusting the amount of water in the air.

[0075] Airflow Cycle

[0076] Air enters the system through the side pipeline (1 ), is regulated by the fan (2), passes through the heater (3), and contacts a sensor in the temperature distributor. This air flow then moves through the evaporator (4). In this process, hot air contacts the cold surface of the evaporator. The cooling system maintains the evaporator temperature at a stable level using the compressor (5). The air temperature decreases to the dew point, causing condensation. The air's relative humidity drops, and the dry air exits through the outlet air channel (6). See Figure 11 .

[0077] The heat exchange unit features four different zones of artificial temperature equalization. In the first zone, air is at ambient temperature. By the third zone, the air is heated, facilitating heat transfer between sections. In the fourth zone, the air flow temperature drops. A critical point is that the air exiting the sixth zone has a temperature change relative to the environment.

[0078] Cooling System Cycle

[0079] The cooling liquid or gas, part of the cooling unit, only contacts the internal circuit of the device. This circuit is similar to that of a household refrigerator. The cooling system is closed and regulated by a specialist. The only way to lower the air dew point is by creating a cold surface on the radiators. The refrigerant cools the cooling liquid (glycol), which then flows through the radiator, creating a cold surface. Glycol is chosen because, to achieve an air outlet temperature of 5°C, the internal liquid may need to be at -2°C, or the pipes could freeze and burst. Glycol freezes only at -40°C.

[0080] Now, let's consider the glycol flow cycle. See Figure 12. Glycol is poured into the system through an inlet in the glycol tank. Once the system is fully filled, a pump can circulate the liquid through the pipes. Starting from the glycol tank outlet (10), where a temperature sensor will be installed, the pump (11) will push the liquid through the system. Glycolflows through the radiator (12), exchanging heat with the external air flow, and returns to the tank (13). Upon returning to the tank, glycol contacts cooling coils (15) and is cooled again. A plug in the tank ensures the free flow of glycol through the cooling coils (details of the complex circuit are omitted). These coils are very cold, so after (15), the glycol cools down again, ready to continue flowing through (10).

[0081] Control System

[0082] A thermostat (A) and regulator (B); a second regulator (C) manages the cooling unit, maintaining the cooler at a set temperature. See Figure 13. This regulator (C) will display the temperature at the glycol tank outlet in the "Glycol" cycle, indicating when the cooling unit should operate or stop. The regulator (C) allows setting the maximum and minimum glycol temperatures. When the thermometer reaches the set maximum temperature, the cooling unit starts cooling the glycol. After reaching the minimum temperature, the thermometer stops the cooling unit. This cycle repeats in a closed system, keeping the exiting dry air temperature around 5°C. The actual temperature of the exiting dry air is shown by sensor (D), which also indicates air humidity, letting us know how dry the exiting air is.

[0083] On the panel (E), there are two electrical switches, which are the main switches for the device. Each controls the on / off status of components. One is for the heating elements, rated for a maximum current of 25A. The other is for the remaining components, also rated for a maximum current of 25A. Additionally, these switches act as safety devices, preventing system overloads and current limits from being exceeded. In case of overload, the electrical switch activates, shutting down all components.

[0084] All sensor readings can be displayed on the microprocessor monitor. Advanced automation functions and further regulation of comprehensive mineralization levels can also be managed.

[0085] References

[0086] 1 . Method for obtaining water from air, Patent (RU 2081256) cl. E03B 3 / 28, 1997.

[0087] 2. Method for obtaining water from air, Patent RU0002146744C1 .

[0088] 3. Air and water generator, Patent US5203989A.

[0089] 4. Device for obtaining waterfrom atmospheric air, Patent RU2245967C2.

[0090] Applicant: Aygun Aliyeva Sundhordvik

Claims

AMENDED CLAIMS received by the International Bureau on 11 April 2025 (11 .04.2025)1. Method for Producing Atmospheric Water The method involves creating an air stream containing water vapor, artificially cooling the air stream, condensing the water vapor, and collecting the resulting fresh water condensate in a water collection container, while the cooled air is directed to a condenser to maintain the refrigeration system's operation. The method is characterized by the automatic or manual regulation of the formed air stream containing water vapor. The calculations involve applying Raoult's law in Condensation-Based Method to precisely calculate the partial pressure of water vapor in the incoming air (Pv) using the mole fraction of water (y1) and total pressure (P), calculating relative humidity (Hr), determining the molar flow rate of air at the inlet using the ideal gas equation, and ensuring a material balance between the incoming and outgoing dry air based on the mole fractions of water in the incoming (y1) and outgoing (y2) air to control and optimize phase transition (condensation). The air stream is artificially heated (50°C > T_air > 150°C), causing the air to evaporate, and through rapid cooling below the dew point, water vapor is abundantly condensed and collected in a water collection container.

2. Device for Producing Atmospheric Water The device comprises a channel for transporting the atmospheric air stream, a cooling element placed within the channel, and a condensate collection system. The device is characterized by a frame that contains a pipe smoothly connecting all components through welding or connectors, insulated externally. Inside the pipe, from bottom to top, are arranged a tank, a multirow evaporator, a multi-spiral heater, and a fan. The heating mechanism is regulated, and the frame integrates a control system.

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