Method for manufacturing biodegradable eco-friendly packaging material using growth of mushroom mycelium in medium containing natural by-products, and biodegradable eco-friendly packaging material manufactured thereby

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a biodegradable eco-friendly packaging material using the growth of mushroom mycelium and a biodegradable eco-friendly packaging material manufactured thereby. Specifically, the present invention relates to a biodegradable eco-friendly packaging material and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the packaging material is fully biodegradable and has excellent physical properties, and thus is highly suitable for use as a packaging material for various purposes and can mitigate environmental pollution.

Description

Method for manufacturing biodegradable eco-friendly packaging material using mushroom mycelia growth in a medium containing natural by-products and biodegradable eco-friendly packaging material manufactured thereby

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a biodegradable, eco-friendly packaging material using mushroom mycelia growth and to a biodegradable, eco-friendly packaging material manufactured thereby, and more particularly, to a biodegradable, eco-friendly packaging material and a method for manufacturing the same, which is highly suitable for use as a packaging material for various purposes because it is completely biodegradable and has excellent physical properties, while also being able to improve environmental pollution.

[0002] With the limited supply of raw materials for petroleum-based synthetic plastics and the growing environmental pollution caused by waste plastics, the development of biodegradable alternatives utilizing eco-friendly materials is urgently needed. Biodegradable alternatives are durable, stable over long periods of time under normal usage conditions, and, under certain conditions, decompose in aquatic and soil environments under the action of microorganisms. Furthermore, like traditional plastics, they are recyclable. The carbon dioxide produced during decomposition is absorbed by the plants that serve as the starting material for growth, enabling biorecycling. Therefore, they are attracting attention as a sustainable, circular material production system that can address resource shortages. Currently, petroleum-based plastic packaging is commonly used for storage and packaging. However, these plastics take a long time to decompose in soil and, in the process, cause various environmental pollution, negatively impacting human health. Therefore, the development of eco-friendly alternatives is essential.

[0003] [Prior Art Literature]

[0004] 1. Republic of Korea Public Utility Model No. 20-2021-0001176

[0005] Accordingly, the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a biodegradable, eco-friendly packaging material that is fully biodegradable and possesses excellent physical properties, making it highly suitable for use as a packaging material for various purposes while also improving environmental pollution. Another problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a biodegradable, eco-friendly packaging material manufactured by the above method.

[0006] According to a first embodiment of the present invention for solving the above problem, a method for manufacturing a biodegradable, eco-friendly packaging material comprises the steps of (a) inoculating mushroom mycelia into a medium prepared by mixing sawdust and natural by-products; (b) filling a mold with the solid medium inoculated with the mushroom mycelia; (c) growing the mushroom mycelia filled into the mold under one or more conditions of a temperature of 15-32°C, a relative humidity of 65-95%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of 2,000-5,000 ppm; (d) separating the mushroom mycelia, upon completion of growth, from the mold; and (e) drying the separated mushroom mycelia, wherein the natural by-product includes at least one selected from the group consisting of green tea leaves, oyster shells, and ginkgo nut skins.

[0007] The mushroom mycelia filled in the mold may be grown until a fruiting body is formed. The content of the natural by-product in the medium may be, when the natural by-product includes green tea residue or oyster shells, 1-10 parts by volume based on 100 parts by volume of the sawdust; and, when the natural by-product includes ginkgo husks, 1-30 parts by volume based on 100 parts by volume of the sawdust and ginkgo husks. The medium may further include 10-30 parts by volume of rice bran based on 100 parts by volume of the sawdust. The mushroom may be oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus), and the sawdust may be poplar sawdust.

[0008] According to the first embodiment of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned other problems, a biodegradable eco-friendly packaging material is manufactured by the above method and satisfies at least one of the following (1) to (2): (1) Impact strength (N / cm) 2 ): 5 or more, (2) Coefficient of dynamic friction: 1.2 or less

[0009]

[0010] According to a second embodiment of the present invention for solving the above problem, a method for manufacturing a biodegradable, eco-friendly packaging material comprises the steps of (a) inoculating mushroom mycelia into a solid medium prepared by mixing sawdust and nutrients in water; (b) cultivating the mushroom mycelia inoculated into the solid medium; (c) filling a mold with the cultured mushroom mycelia; (d) growing the mushroom mycelia filled into the mold under one or more conditions of a temperature of 15-25°C, a relative humidity of 85-90%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of 2,000-5,000 ppm; (e) separating the mushroom mycelia, upon completion of growth, from the mold; and (f) drying the separated mushroom mycelia at 75-100°C for 1-3 hours.

[0011] The mushroom mycelia inoculated onto the above solid medium can be cultured in the dark for 10 to 20 days. The nutrient source may be at least one of potato starch and strong flour. The mushroom may be Perenniporia fraxinea. In the above manufacturing method, the volume ratio of silver sawdust and water may be 1: 0.7 to 0.9, and the volume ratio of silver sawdust and the nutrient source may be 1: 0.05 to 0.5. The step (a) may be a step of (a-1) preparing a solid medium by mixing silver sawdust and the nutrient source in water; (a-2) sterilizing the prepared solid medium under high pressure at 110°C to 130°C for 30 to 40 minutes; and (a-3) inoculating the mushroom mycelia onto the sterilized solid medium.

[0012] According to the second embodiment of the present invention for solving the above-described other problems, a biodegradable eco-friendly packaging material can be manufactured by the above-described method. The biodegradable eco-friendly packaging material is not destroyed below the impact strength of (1) below and can have a bending resistance strength of (2) below. (1) Impact strength: 15 N / cm 2 , (2) Bending resistance: 2.5 MPa

[0013]

[0014] According to a third embodiment of the present invention for solving the above problems, a method for manufacturing a biodegradable, eco-friendly packaging material comprises the steps of: (a) preparing a medium by mixing sawdust, paper, and a nutrient in water; (b) inoculating and culturing the prepared medium with mushroom mycelia; (c) filling a mold with the medium in which the mushroom mycelia are cultured and culturing it; (d) filling a mold with the medium inoculated with the mushroom mycelia; (e) growing the mushroom mycelia filled in the mold primarily at a temperature of 24-30°C and a carbon dioxide concentration of 5,000-7,000 ppm; (f) growing the primarily grown mushroom mycelia secondary at a temperature of 15-25°C and a carbon dioxide concentration of 5,000-7,000 ppm; (g) separating the mushroom mycelia, which have completed growth, from the mold; and (h) drying the separated mushroom mycelia.

[0015] The above-mentioned primary grown mushroom mycelia can be grown for secondary growth at a temperature of 18-25°C. The water can be included in an amount of 30-75 wt% of the prepared medium, and can be included in an amount of 70-150 wt%. The nutrient can be included in an amount of 10-30 wt% of the dry weight of the medium. The nutrient can be rice bran. The weight ratio of the sawdust and the paper can be 6:4-9:1.

[0016] According to the third embodiment of the present invention for solving the above-described other problems, a biodegradable eco-friendly packaging material can be manufactured by the above method, and can satisfy at least one of the following (1) elastic modulus and (2) flexural strength. (1) Elasticity: 320-420 Pl 3 / 4bh 3 y, (2) Flexural strength: 1.5-2.7 MPa (However, the elasticity below is a value derived from a test conducted using a universal strength tester under the conditions of a three-point support, centrally concentrated load, and a span length of 16.5 cm at a load speed of 10 mm / min. P is the load, l is the span length, b is the width of the test piece, h is the thickness of the test piece, and y is the displacement.)

[0017]

[0018] A method for manufacturing an eco-friendly seedling pot according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention comprises the steps of (a) inoculating mushroom mycelia into a medium prepared by mixing nutrients in water; (b) filling a mold with the medium inoculated with the mycelia; (c) growing the mushroom mycelia filled in the mold under one or more conditions of a temperature of 25-32°C, a relative humidity of 65-95%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of 2,000-7,000 ppm; (d) separating the mushroom mycelia, upon completion of growth, from the mold; and (e) drying the separated mushroom mycelia, wherein the mold has a shape corresponding to a seedling pot, and the medium prepared in step (a) has a moisture content of 40-50 wt%.

[0019] The above mushroom may be a reishi mushroom. The seedling pot having a shape corresponding to the above mold comprises a plurality of containers formed through a container wall; and a connecting portion connecting the tops of each of the plurality of containers to each other, wherein the connecting portion may have a thickness thinner than the container wall. Before the above step (e), the method may further include a step of first growing the mushroom mycelia separated in the above step (d) at a carbon dioxide concentration of 1,600-2,400 ppm and then second growing them at a carbon dioxide concentration of 5,000-10,000 ppm.

[0020] The biodegradable, eco-friendly packaging material according to the first embodiment of the present invention is fully biodegradable and possesses excellent physical properties, making it highly suitable for use as a packaging material for a variety of applications. Furthermore, by utilizing byproducts that would otherwise be discarded as waste, it maximizes manufacturing efficiency while simultaneously reducing environmental pollution.

[0021] The biodegradable, eco-friendly packaging material according to the second embodiment of the present invention is completely biodegradable, has excellent impact resistance, excellent cushioning properties, and is light in weight, making it highly suitable for use as a variety of packaging materials and can improve environmental pollution.

[0022] The biodegradable, eco-friendly packaging material according to the third embodiment of the present invention is fully biodegradable and possesses excellent physical properties, making it highly suitable for use as a packaging material for a variety of applications. Furthermore, by utilizing discarded paper and other waste materials, it maximizes manufacturing efficiency while simultaneously reducing environmental pollution.

[0023] The biodegradable, eco-friendly seedling pot according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention is fully biodegradable within 60 days, eliminating the need for separate separation when planting, thereby reducing post-processing costs and steps and improving environmental pollution. Furthermore, because it is made of mushroom mycelia and can be composted as is, it can enhance plant growth. Furthermore, because it is tough and elastic, it can protect and preserve contents such as soil, seeds, and plants at a level equal to or greater than that of conventional plastic pots.

[0024] Figure 1 is a photograph of a biodegradable, eco-friendly packaging material manufactured according to an experimental example of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 is a graph showing the growth rate of mushroom mycelia according to the concentration of carbon dioxide measured according to an experimental example of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a biodegradable, eco-friendly seedling pot manufactured according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing embodiments only and is not intended to limit the present invention. As used herein, "and / or" includes each and every combination of one or more of the mentioned items. In addition, the singular also includes the plural unless specifically stated otherwise in the phrase. As used herein, "comprises" and / or "comprising" do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other components in addition to the mentioned components. A numerical range indicated by using "-" or "to" indicates a numerical range that includes the values ​​stated before and after it as the lower and upper limits, respectively, unless otherwise stated. The terms "about" or "approximately" mean a value or numerical range that is within 20% of the value or numerical range stated thereafter.

[0028] Additionally, in describing components of embodiments of the present invention, terms such as first, second, A, B, (a), (b), etc. may be used. These terms are only intended to distinguish the components from other components, and the nature, order, or sequence of the components are not limited by the terms.

[0029] Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein may be used in their common sense to those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains. Furthermore, terms defined in commonly used dictionaries are not to be interpreted ideally or excessively unless explicitly and specifically defined otherwise.

[0030] In this specification, 'growth' is used as a comprehensive term encompassing all of the reproduction, growth, colonization and aggregation of mycelia.

[0031] In this specification, "mushroom mycelium" refers to a collection of hyphae, the vegetative organ of fungi. The fruiting bodies of fungi, commonly referred to as mushrooms, are also composed entirely of mycelia, except for the hymenium. These mycelia possess the property of self-assembly, where biopolymers assemble under suitable environmental conditions to form specific higher-order structures.

[0032] In embodiments of the present invention, the mushroom mycelia that have completed final growth and are dried may have grown only before fruiting bodies are formed. That is, the mushroom mycelia mass that has completed final growth may not contain fruiting bodies.

[0033]

[0034] A method for manufacturing a biodegradable, eco-friendly packaging material according to the first embodiment of the present invention and a biodegradable, eco-friendly packaging material manufactured thereby are as follows.

[0035] Inoculating mushroom mycelia onto the medium

[0036] A medium is prepared by mixing sawdust and natural by-products in water, and mushroom mycelia are inoculated into the prepared medium.

[0037] The sawdust may be poplar sawdust. Poplar sawdust refers to sawdust derived from species of Populus genus, including, for example, poplar, silver poplar, poplar, and European poplar (P. tremula), but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0038] The content of the natural by-product in the medium can be 1-30 parts by volume, 1-20 parts by volume, 1-15 parts by volume, 1-10 parts by volume, 1-7 parts by volume, 1-5 parts by volume, 1-2 parts by volume, 2-30 parts by volume, 2-20 parts by volume, 2-15 parts by volume, 2-10 parts by volume, 2-7 parts by volume, 2-5 parts by volume, 5-30 parts by volume, 5-20 parts by volume, 5-15 parts by volume, 5-10 parts by volume, 5-7 parts by volume, 7-30 parts by volume, 7-20 parts by volume, 7-15 parts by volume, 7-10 parts by volume, 10-30 parts by volume, 10-20 parts by volume, 10-15 parts by volume, 15-30 parts by volume, 15-20 parts by volume or 20-30 parts by volume.

[0039] The natural by-product may include one or more selected from the group consisting of green tea residue, oyster shells, and ginkgo nut shells.

[0040] Green tea residue can refer to the residue, including green tea leaves left over from the extraction of green tea beverages, or to green tea that is discarded due to its low commercial value and unprocessed. Green tea residue can contain proteins, amino acids, fiber, pectin, lipids, resins, and minerals. If the natural byproduct includes green tea residue, it can be ground to a particle size of 1 mm to 1 cm for use.

[0041] When the natural by-product includes green tea residue, the content of green tea residue in the medium may be 1-10 parts by volume, 1-7 parts by volume, 1-5 parts by volume, 1-2 parts by volume, 2-10 parts by volume, 2-7 parts by volume, 2-5 parts by volume, 5-10 parts by volume, 5-7 parts by volume or 7-10 parts by volume, specifically 2-7 parts by volume, and more specifically 2-5 parts by volume. When the content of green tea residue is within the above range, the growth of mushroom mycelia is the best, and when it is outside the above range, the growth may actually be reduced.

[0042] Oyster shells, also known as oyster shells, account for over 310,000 tons of waste generated in 2020. Of this, 60% was recycled as fertilizer or feed, while 40% was stored or left unused, raising concerns about soil damage due to salinity. Oyster shells can be ground into a fine powder, for example, into a particle size of 1 mm to 1 cm.

[0043] When the natural by-product includes oyster shells, the content of oyster shells in the medium may be 1-10 parts by volume, 1-7 parts by volume, 1-5 parts by volume, 1-2 parts by volume, 2-10 parts by volume, 2-7 parts by volume, 2-5 parts by volume, 5-10 parts by volume, 5-7 parts by volume or 7-10 parts by volume based on 100 parts by volume of sawdust, specifically 2-7 parts by volume, and more specifically about 5 parts by volume. When the content of oyster shells is within the above range, the growth of mushroom mycelia is the best, and when it is outside the above range, the growth may actually be reduced.

[0044] Ginkgo husks have a higher nitrogen content than regular sawdust, so adding an organic nitrogen source can improve mycelial growth. Ginkgo husks can be used after being sieved through a 1 mm or 2 mm mesh using a grinder.

[0045] When the natural by-product includes ginkgo husk, the content of ginkgo husk in the medium may be 1-30 parts by volume, 1-25 parts by volume, 1-20 parts by volume, 1-15 parts by volume, 1-10 parts by volume, 1-5 parts by volume, 5-30 parts by volume, 5-25 parts by volume, 5-20 parts by volume, 5-15 parts by volume, 5-10 parts by volume, 10-30 parts by volume, 10-25 parts by volume, 10-20 parts by volume, 10-15 parts by volume, 15-30 parts by volume, 15-25 parts by volume, 15-20 parts by volume, 20-30 parts by volume, 20-25 parts by volume or 25-30 parts by volume when the sum of sawdust and ginkgo husk is 100 parts by volume, and specifically, it may be 1-20 parts by volume, and more specifically, it may be 10-20 parts by volume. When the content of the ginkgo husk is within the above range, the growth of mushroom mycelia is the best, and when it is outside the above range, growth may actually decrease.

[0046] Water can be mixed into the medium at 30-80 parts by volume or 40-60 parts by volume based on 100 parts by volume of sawdust, and specifically, can be mixed into the medium at about 50 parts by volume.

[0047] The water used in the preparation of the medium may have a pH of 3-5, and specifically 3-4.5, 3.5-5, 3.5-4.5, 3.5-4, or 4-4.5. Mushroom mycelia growth may be best when the pH of the water used in the preparation of the medium is within the above range.

[0048] The substrate may further contain rice bran. The content of rice bran in the substrate may be 10-30 parts by volume based on 100 parts by volume of sawdust, and specifically, may be approximately 20 parts by volume.

[0049] As mushroom mycelium, mycelia of oyster mushrooms, shiitake mushrooms, dark gray mushrooms, wood ear mushrooms, chanterelles, and pine mushrooms can be used, and specifically, mycelia of oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) can be used. However, this is not limited thereto.

[0050] Filling the badge into the mold

[0051] The mold is filled with a medium inoculated with mushroom mycelia. The mold can be disinfected with 70% ethanol to remove contaminants and impurities. The mold can be shaped and sized to match the required packaging material, including, but not limited to, a hexahedron or cylinder.

[0052] Mushroom mycelium growth filled in a mold

[0053] After filling the mold with a medium inoculated with mushroom mycelia, the mushroom mycelia are grown while maintaining the specified culture conditions.

[0054] The culture temperature may be 15-32 ℃, and specifically 20-32 ℃, 25-32 ℃, 15-30 ℃, 15-25 ℃, 15-20 ℃, 20-30 ℃ or 20-25 ℃. The relative humidity may be 65-95%, and specifically 70-95%, 75-95%, 80-95%, 90-95%, 70-90%, 70-85%, 70-80%, 70-75%, 75-90% or 80-85%. When the culture temperature and relative humidity are within the above range, mushroom mycelia can be effectively grown, and when they are outside the above range, problems such as growth delay and cell death may occur.

[0055] Additionally, the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) can be maintained at 2,000-5,000 ppm to accelerate the growth of mushroom mycelia. The concentration of carbon dioxide can be specifically 3,000-5,000 ppm, 4,000-5,000 ppm, 2,000-4,000 ppm, 2,000-3,000 ppm, or 3,000-4,000 ppm. The growth rate of mushroom mycelia can be the fastest when the concentration of carbon dioxide is within the above range.

[0056] The culture temperature, relative humidity, and / or carbon dioxide concentration may be maintained at a specific value within the above range or may be maintained within the above range. If the culture temperature, relative humidity, or carbon dioxide concentration is maintained within the above range, a step of changing the culture temperature, relative humidity, or carbon dioxide concentration to within the above range may be further included if the upper or lower limit of the above range is exceeded.

[0057] Mushroom mycelia can be grown under one or more of the above conditions of culture temperature, relative humidity and carbon dioxide concentration, and specifically, can be grown under two or more conditions or all of the above conditions.

[0058] During cultivation, measures may be taken to minimize direct sunlight, such as using a dark room or blackout curtain to grow the plants, but these are not limited thereto.

[0059] The growth period of mushroom mycelia in the mold can be 3-5 days.

[0060] After separating the mushroom mycelium from the mold, the surface that was in contact with the mold is allowed to grow additionally.

[0061] When mushroom mycelia growth in the mold is complete, the mushroom mycelia are separated from the mold.

[0062] The mushroom mycelia mass, which has completed growth, is a type of biopolymer that has strength and impact resistance, and has a smooth surface after drying without a separate coating due to polysaccharides, beta-glucans, and extracellular polymer substances secreted by mushrooms, so it can be used as an eco-friendly packaging material that is 100% biodegradable. However, the surface that was in contact with the mold during the growth period may have a rough surface due to insufficient growth and may easily peel off, resulting in crumbs. For example, if the mold is a hexahedral shape with an open top, the lower surface and side surfaces of the mushroom mycelia mass may have a rough surface due to contact with the mold during the growth period.

[0063] Therefore, in the present invention, by further growing the surface of the mushroom mycelia separated from the mold that came into contact with the mold, all surfaces can be made to have smooth characteristics.

[0064] A method for further growing the surface that came into contact with the mold may specifically involve further growing the mushroom mycelia separated from the mold for 0.5-2 days. In this case, the surface properties may be improved by further growing the surface that came into contact with the mold.

[0065] In a more specific embodiment, the step may be a step of further growing while maintaining the carbon dioxide concentration at 1,600-2,400 ppm. At the above carbon dioxide concentration, the surface that came into contact with the mold can efficiently grow and have improved surface properties.

[0066] In addition, the above step may be a step of blocking direct sunlight by shading only the surface that was in contact with the mold, thereby allowing the surface to grow more selectively, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0067] Drying mushroom mycelia

[0068] The mushroom mycelia that have completed additional growth are dried. The temperature during drying may be 75-100 ℃, specifically 80-100 ℃, 85-100 ℃, 90-100 ℃, 95-100 ℃, 75-95 ℃, 75-90 ℃, 75-85 ℃, 75-80 ℃, 80-95 ℃ or 85-90 ℃. The drying time may be 1-3 hours, specifically 1.5-3 hours, 2-3 hours, 2.5-3 hours, 1.5-2.5 hours, 1.5-2 hours or 2-2.5 hours.

[0069] The dried mushroom mycelia may undergo one or more of the following steps in any order: sterilization and disinfection, compression, coating, and cutting, to provide commercial value as packaging material.

[0070] In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the method for manufacturing a biodegradable, eco-friendly packaging material of the present invention may be characterized in that it does not use any raw materials other than the aforementioned (water, sawdust, natural by-products, rice bran), and does not perform any additional steps other than the aforementioned steps.

[0071] Biodegradable, eco-friendly packaging materials manufactured using the above method are fully biodegradable, yet possess excellent rigidity and impact resistance. They also exhibit smooth surfaces with low surface roughness and friction, without the need for additional coating. Furthermore, their low density allows for a low weight per unit volume. Therefore, they are highly suitable for use as packaging materials for a variety of applications.

[0072] In addition, by utilizing natural byproducts discarded as industrial waste during mushroom mycelia growth for manufacturing the biodegradable, eco-friendly packaging material of the present invention, manufacturing efficiency is maximized while improving environmental pollution.

[0073] Accordingly, the biodegradable, eco-friendly packaging material of the present invention may satisfy one or more or all of the following conditions (1) to (2). However, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0074] (1) Impact strength (N / cm) 2 ): 5 or more, preferably 8 or more, more preferably 10 or more

[0075] (2) Coefficient of dynamic friction: 1.2 or less, preferably 1 or less, more preferably 0.8 or less

[0076] Additionally, the biodegradable, eco-friendly packaging material of the present invention may be one in which components used in the medium are detected during component analysis. For example, the biodegradable, eco-friendly packaging material of the present invention may be one or more selected from the group consisting of poplar sawdust, green tea residue, oyster shells, ginkgo hulls, and rice bran. Specifically, at least one of poplar sawdust and rice bran, and at least one of green tea residue, oyster shells, and ginkgo hulls may be detected.

[0077]

[0078] A method for manufacturing a biodegradable, eco-friendly packaging material according to a second embodiment of the present invention and a biodegradable, eco-friendly packaging material manufactured thereby are as follows.

[0079] High pressure sterilization of solid media

[0080] A solid medium is prepared by mixing sawdust and nutrients in water and sterilizing under high pressure at 110 to 130°C for 30 to 40 minutes.

[0081] The above temperature and time are such that sterilization is completely achieved, preventing other unexpected bacteria from remaining in the solid medium and coming into contact with the mycelia to be inoculated, thereby creating an environment in which only the mycelia to be grown can grow, while not destroying the nutrient source and thus not inhibiting the growth of the mycelia.

[0082] Inoculation of mushroom mycelia onto solid media

[0083] Inoculate mushroom mycelia onto the prepared solid medium.

[0084] The above sawdust from the silver poplar refers to sawdust derived from the silver poplar, which is a hybrid between the poplar tree (Populus davidiana; native to Korea) and the silver poplar (Populus alba; native to Europe).

[0085] The water used in the preparation of the solid medium may have a pH of 3-5, and specifically 3-4.5, 3.5-5, 3.5-4.5, 3.5-4, or 4-4.5. Mushroom mycelia growth may be best when the pH of the water used in the preparation of the solid medium is within the above range.

[0086] The volume ratio of sawdust and water in the silver dust can be 1: 0.7 - 0.9, and the volume ratio of sawdust and nutrient in the silver dust can be 1: 0.05 - 0.5.

[0087] If the water is less or more than the above volume ratio, the growth of mushroom mycelia may be uneven, and if the nutrient source is less than the above volume ratio, the growth rate may be low.

[0088] The present invention can use the mycelium of Perenniporia fraxinea as the mushroom mycelium.

[0089] The nutrient source provides nutrients for mushroom mycelia growth and may be a carbon source that mushroom mycelia can decompose to obtain. Specifically, one or more of potato starch, strong rice flour, wheat bran, and malt may be used as the nutrient source. Potato starch and strong rice flour are preferred, and potato starch is more preferred.

[0090] Cultivation of solid media inoculated with mushroom mycelia

[0091] Solid media inoculated with the mycelia of the acacia mushroom are cultured in the dark by completely blocking out light for 10-20 days.

[0092] The incubation temperature may be 18°C-25°C, specifically 18°C-20°C, 20°C-23°C or 23°C-25°C.

[0093] Relative humidity can be 50%-70%, specifically 50%-60%, 55%-65%, or 60-70%.

[0094] Mushroom mycelia can be effectively cultured when the culture temperature and relative humidity are within the above ranges, and problems such as culture delay and mycelial death may occur when the temperature and relative humidity are outside the above ranges.

[0095] Filling the mold with the cultured solid medium

[0096] The solid medium containing the mycelia of the acacia mushroom is crushed into small pieces and filled into a mold.

[0097] The mold can be disinfected with 70% ethanol to remove contaminants and impurities, and may be shaped and sized to match the required packaging material. Examples include, but are not limited to, a hexahedron or cylinder.

[0098] Mushroom mycelium growth filled in a mold

[0099] Maintain the specified culture conditions and grow the mycelia of the acacia wood mushroom.

[0100] The culture temperature may be 15-25°C, specifically 15-18°C, 15-20°C, 15-23°C, 18-23°C, 18-25°C or 20-25°C. The relative humidity may be 85-90%, specifically 87-90%, 85-88% or 86-89%. When the culture temperature and relative humidity are within the above range, mushroom mycelia can be effectively grown, and when they are outside the above range, problems such as growth delay and cell death may occur. In particular, when the temperature is higher than the above range, mushroom growth may be induced, and when the humidity is low, mycelia growth may be slow.

[0101] Additionally, the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) can be maintained at 2,000-5,000 ppm to accelerate the growth of mushroom mycelia. Specifically, the concentration of carbon dioxide can be 3,000-5,000 ppm, 4,000-5,000 ppm, 2,000-4,000 ppm, 2,000-3,000 ppm, or 3,000-4,000 ppm. The growth rate of mushroom mycelia can be the fastest when the concentration of carbon dioxide is within the above range. In particular, when the concentration is lower than the above, mushroom development can be induced.

[0102] The culture temperature, relative humidity, and / or carbon dioxide concentration may be maintained at a specific value within the above range or may be maintained within the above range. If the culture temperature, relative humidity, or carbon dioxide concentration is maintained within the above range, a step of changing the culture temperature, relative humidity, or carbon dioxide concentration to within the above range may be further included if the upper or lower limit of the above range is exceeded.

[0103] Mushroom mycelia can be grown under one or more of the above conditions of culture temperature, relative humidity and carbon dioxide concentration, and specifically, can be grown under two or more conditions or all of the above conditions.

[0104] During cultivation, measures may be taken to minimize direct sunlight, such as using a dark room or blackout curtain to grow the plants, but these are not limited thereto.

[0105] The growth period of the mushroom mycelia in the mold may be 3-10 days, specifically 6-8 days, and in an exemplary embodiment about 7 days.

[0106] Separating mushroom mycelia from the mold

[0107] When mushroom mycelia growth in the mold is complete, the mushroom mycelia are separated from the mold.

[0108] The mushroom mycelia mass that has completed growth is a type of biopolymer that has strength and impact resistance, and because it has a smooth surface after drying without a separate coating due to polysaccharides, beta-glucans, and extracellular polymer substances secreted by mushrooms, it can be used as an eco-friendly packaging material that is 100% biodegradable.

[0109] In particular, the mycelial mass of the fully grown acacia mushroom has a smooth and fluffy surface, a texture similar to leather, and has the property of absorbing moisture well.

[0110] Drying mushroom mycelia

[0111] The mushroom mycelia separated from the mold are dried. The temperature during drying may be 75-100℃, specifically 80-100℃, 85-100℃, 90-100℃, 95-100℃, 75-95℃, 75-90℃, 75-85℃, 75-80℃, 80-95℃, or 85-90℃. The drying time may be 1-3 hours, specifically 1.5-3 hours, 2-3 hours, 2.5-3 hours, 1.5-2.5 hours, 1.5-2 hours, or 2-2.5 hours.

[0112] The dried mushroom mycelia may undergo one or more of the following steps in any order: sterilization and disinfection, compression, coating, and cutting, to provide commercial value as packaging material.

[0113] The biodegradable, eco-friendly packaging material manufactured by the above method is completely biodegradable, has excellent impact resistance, excellent cushioning properties, and is light in weight, making it very suitable for use as a packaging material.

[0114] In addition, the biodegradable eco-friendly packaging material of the present invention can be biodegraded and purified into bioresources, thereby having the effect of improving environmental pollution.

[0115] Accordingly, the biodegradable eco-friendly packaging material of the present invention is not destroyed below the impact strength (1) below and can have a bending resistance strength below the bending resistance strength (2).

[0116] (1) Impact strength: 15 N / cm 2

[0117] (2) Bending resistance: 2.5 MPa

[0118]

[0119] A method for manufacturing a biodegradable, eco-friendly packaging material according to a third embodiment of the present invention and a biodegradable, eco-friendly packaging material manufactured thereby are as follows.

[0120] Preparation and high-pressure sterilization of badges

[0121] Prepare a medium by mixing sawdust, burrows, and nutrients in water, and sterilize the prepared medium under high pressure at a temperature of 100-140℃ for 30-50 minutes.

[0122] The above sawdust may be poplar sawdust. Poplar sawdust refers to sawdust derived from species of Populus genus, including, for example, poplar, silver poplar, poplar, and European poplar (P. tremula), but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0123] Paper can be discarded waste paper, such as waste paper. General paper has a chemical structure similar to sawdust, with components such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, and is expected to be excellent as a structural material. By using paper such as waste paper as a substrate, raw material costs can be reduced and the weight of the final product itself can be reduced, thereby improving product characteristics. Paper is made of waste paper, newspaper, and other old paper cut into pieces 0.1-1.0 cm thick. 2 It can be cut into pieces and mixed with sawdust.

[0124] The weight ratio of sawdust to burlap can be 6:4-9:1, 6:4-8:2, 6:4-7:3, 7:3-9:1, 7:3-8:2 or 8:2-9:1. When the weight ratio of sawdust to burlap is within the above range, the growth of mushroom mycelia is the best, and when it is outside the above range, the growth may actually be reduced.

[0125] The above nutrient source may be rice bran. Rice bran is a ground mixture produced when brown rice is milled to make polished rice, and contains protein, fat, and carbohydrates, so it can be used as a nutrient source for mushroom mycelia growth. The rice bran may be included in an amount of 10-30 wt%, preferably 15-25 wt%, of the dry weight of the medium. However, the scope of the invention is not limited thereto.

[0126] The moisture content of the medium may be 60 wt% or more, and if it is less than 60 wt%, the growth of mushroom mycelia may be uneven overall. Specifically, it may be 70 wt% or more, 80 wt% or more, 90 wt% or more, 100 wt% or more, 110 wt% or more, or 120 wt% or more. At the same time, it may be 150 wt% or less.

[0127] Due to the nature of the tributary, the moisture content is low, so it is advisable to supplement water to increase the moisture content. If the moisture content of the medium is less than 60 wt%, growth may be very slow due to insufficient moisture, and as the moisture content increases, the growth rate may become better.

[0128] The above temperature and time are such that sterilization is completely achieved, preventing other unexpected bacteria from remaining in the solid medium and coming into contact with the mycelia to be inoculated, thereby creating an environment in which only the mycelia to be grown can grow, while not destroying the nutrient source and thus not inhibiting the growth of the mycelia.

[0129] Inoculation of mushroom mycelia on the medium and dark culture

[0130] Inoculate mushroom mycelia onto a sterilized medium and culture in the dark by completely blocking light for 10-20 days.

[0131] The mushroom mycelia may be mycelia of a certain size or larger cultured on a PDA medium before inoculation, and preferably mycelia of 1.0-2.0 x 1.0-2.0 cm in size cultured on a PDA medium for 10-20 days. However, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0132] As mushroom mycelium, mycelia of oyster mushrooms, shiitake mushrooms, dark gray mushrooms, wood ear mushrooms, chanterelles, and pine mushrooms can be used, and specifically, mycelia of oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) can be used. However, this is not limited thereto.

[0133] The incubation temperature can be 18-25°C, specifically 18-20°C, 20-23°C or 23-25°C.

[0134] The relative humidity of the dark culture can be 50%-90%, specifically 50%-60%, 55%-65%, 65-75%, 75-85% or 85-90%.

[0135] When the culture temperature and relative humidity of the above dark culture are within the above range, mushroom mycelia can be effectively cultured, and when they are outside the above range, problems such as culture delay and mycelial death may occur.

[0136] Fill the mold with the cultured medium

[0137] The cultured medium is crushed and filled into a mold. The mold can be disinfected with 70% ethanol to remove contaminants and impurities. The mold can be shaped and sized to match the required packaging material, including, but not limited to, a hexahedron or cylinder.

[0138] Primary growth of mushroom mycelia filled in molds

[0139] After filling the mold with the medium inoculated with mushroom mycelia, primary growth is performed at a temperature of 24-30℃.

[0140] In this specification, primary growth may refer to growth during the first 1 to 3 days of growth.

[0141] The incubation temperature can be 24-30°C, specifically 24-26°C, 24-28°C, 26-28°C, 26-30°C or 28-30°C.

[0142] The primary growth temperature may be different from the secondary growth temperature and may be higher than the secondary growth temperature. This temperature may be relatively higher than the growth temperature of mushroom mycelia in a general medium, which may promote reaction with nutrients and rapidly form mycelial aggregates during primary growth.

[0143] Relative humidity can be 65-95%, specifically 70-95%, 75-95%, 80-95%, 90-95%, 70-90%, 70-85%, 70-80%, 70-75%, 75-90% or 80-85%.

[0144] Beyond the above ranges, problems such as growth retardation and cell death may occur. In particular, if the temperature and humidity are higher than the above, mushroom growth may be induced, and if the temperature and humidity are lower than the above, mycelial growth may be delayed.

[0145] Additionally, the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) can be maintained at 3,000-9,000 ppm, and preferably 5,000-7,000 ppm, to accelerate the growth of mushroom mycelia. The concentration of carbon dioxide can be specifically 5,000-6,000 ppm, 6,000-7,000 ppm, 5500-6500 ppm, or 6500-7500 ppm. When the concentration of carbon dioxide is within the above range, the growth rate of mushroom mycelia can be the fastest, and when the concentration is lower than the above range, mushroom development can be induced.

[0146] The culture temperature, relative humidity, and / or carbon dioxide concentration may be maintained at a specific value within the above range or may be maintained within the above range. If the culture temperature, relative humidity, or carbon dioxide concentration is maintained within the above range, a step of changing the culture temperature, relative humidity, or carbon dioxide concentration to within the above range may be further included if the upper or lower limit of the above range is exceeded.

[0147] Mushroom mycelia can be grown under one or more of the above conditions of culture temperature, relative humidity and carbon dioxide concentration, and specifically, can be grown under two or more conditions or all of the above conditions.

[0148] During cultivation, measures may be taken to minimize direct sunlight, such as using a dark room or blackout curtain to grow the plants, but these are not limited thereto.

[0149] Secondary growth of primary grown mushroom mycelia

[0150] Primary growth of mushroom mycelia can be achieved through secondary growth at a temperature of 15-25 ℃.

[0151] Secondary growth may refer to growth during the period after the initial 1 to 3 days of growth, and the secondary growth period may be 2 to 10 days, specifically 2 to 5 days, and in an exemplary embodiment may be about 3 days.

[0152] If the temperature is outside the above range, problems such as growth retardation and cell death may occur. In particular, if the temperature is higher than the above, mushroom growth may be induced, and if the temperature is lower than the above, mycelial growth may be delayed.

[0153] The relative humidity and carbon dioxide concentration can proceed in the same way as primary growth, and the explanation for this is replaced with the above.

[0154] Separating mushroom mycelia from the mold

[0155] When mushroom mycelia growth in the mold is complete, the mushroom mycelia are separated from the mold.

[0156] The mushroom mycelia mass that has completed growth is a type of biopolymer that has strength and impact resistance, and because it has a smooth surface after drying without a separate coating due to polysaccharides, beta-glucans, and extracellular polymer substances secreted by mushrooms, it can be used as an eco-friendly packaging material that is 100% biodegradable.

[0157] Drying mushroom mycelia

[0158] The mushroom mycelia separated from the mold are dried. The temperature during drying may be 75-100°C, specifically 80-100°C, 85-100°C, 90-100°C, 95-100°C, 75-95°C, 75-90°C, 75-85°C, 75-80°C, 80-95°C or 85-90°C. The drying time may be 1-3 hours, specifically 1.5-3 hours, 2-3 hours, 2.5-3 hours, 1.5-2.5 hours, 1.5-2 hours or 2-2.5 hours.

[0159] The dried mushroom mycelia may undergo one or more of the following steps in any order: sterilization and disinfection, compression, coating, and cutting, to provide commercial value as packaging material.

[0160] In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the method for manufacturing a biodegradable, eco-friendly packaging material of the present invention may be characterized in that it does not use any raw materials other than the aforementioned (poplar sawdust, paper, rice bran, water), and does not perform any additional steps other than the aforementioned steps.

[0161] In some embodiments of the present invention, the mushroom mycelia that have completed secondary growth and are dried may have grown only before fruiting bodies are formed. That is, the mushroom mycelia mass that has completed secondary growth may not contain fruiting bodies.

[0162] Biodegradable, eco-friendly packaging materials manufactured using the above method are fully biodegradable, yet possess excellent rigidity and impact resistance. Their low density allows for a low weight per unit volume. Furthermore, they offer flexibility with low bending resistance, resulting in high cushioning properties. Therefore, they are highly suitable for use as packaging materials for a variety of applications.

[0163] Furthermore, by utilizing waste paper discarded during mushroom mycelia growth for manufacturing the biodegradable, eco-friendly packaging material of the present invention, the cost is reduced, manufacturing efficiency is maximized, and environmental pollution is improved.

[0164] Accordingly, the biodegradable eco-friendly packaging material of the present invention can have an elastic modulus of (1) and a flexural strength of (2) or less.

[0165] (1) Elasticity: 320-420 Pl 3 / 4bh 3 y, preferably 324-401 Pl 3 / 4bh 3 y

[0166] (P=load, l=span length, b=width of specimen, h=thickness of specimen, y=displacement)

[0167] (2) Flexural strength: 1.5-2.7 MPa, preferably 1.7-2.6 MPa

[0168]

[0169] A method for manufacturing a biodegradable, eco-friendly seedling pot according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention and a biodegradable, eco-friendly seedling pot manufactured thereby are as follows.

[0170] Inoculating mushroom mycelia onto the medium

[0171] Prepare a medium by mixing nutrients in water, and inoculate the prepared medium with mushroom mycelia.

[0172] The prepared medium can be autoclaved before inoculating with mushroom mycelia. Additionally, mushroom mycelia can be dark-cultured on PDA medium before inoculation. In an exemplary embodiment, the medium is autoclaved at 100-150°C for 10-60 minutes, and then mycelia measuring 10-20 x 10-20 cm that have been cultured on PDA medium for 10-20 days can be inoculated onto the medium. However, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0173] The nutrient source may include one or more selected from sawdust, rice bran, potato starch, strong flour, paper, green tea residue, coffee residue, oyster shells, rice bran, rice husk, wheat flour, wheat bran, ginkgo husk, and malt.

[0174] The sawdust may be poplar sawdust. Poplar sawdust refers to sawdust derived from species of Populus genus, including, for example, poplar, silver poplar, poplar, and European poplar (P. tremula), but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0175] The substrate may contain sawdust and the aforementioned nutrient source (such as rice bran), and the volume ratio of the sawdust to the nutrient source may be 1:0.05-0.5. However, the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0176] The moisture content of the medium can be 40-50 wt%. If the moisture content is insufficient, mycelial growth may not proceed smoothly, and if the moisture content is excessive, mycelial growth may be poor or pigmentation may occur.

[0177] The water used in the preparation of the medium may have a pH of 3-5, and specifically 3-4.5, 3.5-5, 3.5-4.5, 3.5-4, or 4-4.5. Mushroom mycelia growth may be best when the pH of the water used in the preparation of the medium is within the above range.

[0178] As mushroom mycelia, mycelia of oyster mushrooms, shiitake mushrooms, gray truffles, oyster mushrooms, cauliflower mushrooms, and pine mushrooms can be used, and specifically, mycelia of Ganoderma lucidum can be used. Since Ganoderma lucidum mycelia have a leathery mycelia shape, they can be tough and elastic compared to mycelia of other mushrooms with the same density. Therefore, considering the characteristics of a seedling pot that must be lifted and moved in its entirety and must be able to protect and preserve the contents by containing soil and plants, Ganoderma lucidum mycelia can exhibit the most suitable characteristics for use as a seedling pot of the present invention.

[0179] After the first cancer culture, fill the medium into the mold.

[0180] After culturing the medium inoculated with mushroom mycelia for 10-20 days, the medium is crushed and filled into a mold. The mold can be disinfected with 70% ethanol to remove contaminants and impurities. The initial dark cultivation step can be omitted.

[0181] The mold can correspond to the shape and size of the required seedling pot. For example, the seedling pot formed by the mold can have a shape (such as 2 x 3 or 4 x 8) in which multiple containers (compartments) capable of containing soil, seeds, or plants are arranged in multiple tiers, as shown in Fig. 3. In addition, the portion connecting each container (compartment) can be manufactured thinner so that it can be easily separated by breaking it without using a special tool.

[0182] Referring to FIG. 3, in one embodiment, a seedling pot of the present invention includes a plurality of containers (1), and each container (1) may have an internal space formed by a container wall (3) corresponding to an outer wall of the container (1). The plurality of containers (1) may have a structure in which they are integrally connected to each other through a connecting portion (2) at the top. The connecting portion (2) may be thinner than the container wall (3) forming the container (1). The mold may have a yin-yang angle capable of manufacturing the shape of such a seedling pot.

[0183] Mushroom mycelium growth filled in a mold

[0184] After filling the mold with a medium inoculated with mushroom mycelia, the mushroom mycelia are grown while maintaining the specified culture conditions.

[0185] In this specification, 'growth' is used as a comprehensive term encompassing all of the reproduction, growth, colonization and aggregation of mycelia.

[0186] The incubation temperature may be 25-32°C, specifically 25-30°C, 25-28°C, 25-26°C, 26-32°C, 26-30°C, 26-28°C, 28-32°C, 28-30°C or 30-32°C.

[0187] Relative humidity can be 65-95%, specifically 70-95%, 75-95%, 80-95%, 90-95%, 70-90%, 70-85%, 70-80%, 70-75%, 75-90% or 80-85%.

[0188] Mushroom mycelia can be effectively grown when the culture temperature and relative humidity are within the above range, and problems such as growth delay and cell death may occur when the temperature and relative humidity are outside the above range.

[0189] Additionally, the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) can be maintained at 2,000-7,000 ppm to accelerate the growth of mushroom mycelia. The concentration of carbon dioxide may be specifically 2,000-7,000 ppm, 2,000-6,000 ppm, 2,000-5,000 ppm, 2,000-4,000 ppm, 2,000-3,000 ppm, 3,000-7,000 ppm, 3,000-6,000 ppm, 3,000-5,000 ppm, 3,000-4,000 ppm, 4,000-7,000 ppm, 4,000-6,000 ppm, 4,000-5,000 ppm, 5,000-7,000 ppm or 6,000-7,000 ppm. The concentration of carbon dioxide may be more specifically 2,000-3,000 ppm. Mushroom mycelia can grow most rapidly when the concentration of carbon dioxide is within the above range.

[0190] The culture temperature, relative humidity, and / or carbon dioxide concentration may be maintained at a specific value within the above range or may be maintained within the above range. If the culture temperature, relative humidity, or carbon dioxide concentration is maintained within the above range, a step of changing the culture temperature, relative humidity, or carbon dioxide concentration to within the above range may be further included if the upper or lower limit of the above range is exceeded.

[0191] Mushroom mycelia can be grown under one or more of the above conditions of culture temperature, relative humidity and carbon dioxide concentration, and specifically, can be grown under two or more conditions or all of the above conditions.

[0192] During cultivation, measures may be taken to minimize direct sunlight, such as using a dark room or blackout curtain to grow the plants, but these are not limited thereto.

[0193] The growth period of mushroom mycelia in the mold may be 3-5 days, and specifically 1.5-2 days.

[0194] After separating the mushroom mycelium from the mold, it is further grown.

[0195] When mushroom mycelia growth in the mold is complete, the mushroom mycelia are separated from the mold.

[0196] The mushroom mycelia mass that has completed growth is a type of biopolymer that has strength and impact resistance, and because it has a smooth surface after drying without a separate coating due to polysaccharides, beta-glucans, and extracellular polymer substances secreted by mushrooms, it can be used as an eco-friendly seedling pot that is 100% biodegradable.

[0197] However, the surface that came into contact with the mold during the growth period may have a rough surface due to insufficient growth and may easily peel off, resulting in crumbling. For example, if the mold is a hexahedral shape with an open top, the lower surface and side surfaces of the mushroom mycelium mass may have a rough surface due to contact with the mold during the growth period.

[0198] Therefore, in the present invention, by further growing mushroom mycelia separated from the mold, all surfaces, including the surface that came into contact with the mold, can have smooth characteristics.

[0199] Specifically, the method for further growth may involve further growing the mushroom mycelia separated from the mold for 4-7 days. In this case, the surface that was in contact with the mold also undergoes further growth, thereby improving surface properties.

[0200] In a more specific embodiment, the step may be a step of further growing while maintaining the carbon dioxide concentration at 1,600-2,400 ppm. At the above carbon dioxide concentration, the surface that came into contact with the mold can efficiently grow and have improved surface properties.

[0201] In addition, the above step may be a step of blocking direct sunlight by shading only the surface that was in contact with the mold, thereby allowing the surface to grow more selectively, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0202] In some embodiments of the present invention, after primary growth in which the carbon dioxide concentration is maintained at 1,600-2,400 ppm after separation from the mold, secondary growth may be performed in which the carbon dioxide concentration is increased to 5,000-10,000 ppm. This characteristic may impart suitable marketability as a seedling pot. The primary growth may be a stage in which the surface of the mushroom mycelium is filled, and the secondary growth may be a stage in which the surface of the mushroom mycelium is grown. This may induce mycelial colonization, thereby enabling a fluffier layer to be formed. This characteristic may be particularly important when considering the marketability of seedling pots.

[0203] The carbon dioxide concentration of secondary growth may be specifically 5,000-7,000 or 7,000-10,000 ppm, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0204] The primary growth period can last 2-4 days, and the secondary growth period can last 2-3 days. The combined primary and secondary growth periods can last a total of 4-7 days. If the growth period exceeds this range, mycelial colonization may not occur properly.

[0205] The culture temperature during growth after separation of the mold may be 25-32°C, and may be substantially the same as the culture temperature during growth within the mold.

[0206] Drying mushroom mycelia

[0207] The mushroom mycelia that have completed additional growth are dried. The temperature during drying may be 75-100 ℃, specifically 80-100 ℃, 85-100 ℃, 90-100 ℃, 95-100 ℃, 75-95 ℃, 75-90 ℃, 75-85 ℃, 75-80 ℃, 80-95 ℃ or 85-90 ℃. The drying time may be 1-3 hours, specifically 1.5-3 hours, 2-3 hours, 2.5-3 hours, 1.5-2.5 hours, 1.5-2 hours or 2-2.5 hours.

[0208] The dried mushroom mycelia may undergo one or more of the following steps in any order: sterilization and disinfection, compression, coating, and cutting, to provide commercial value as a seedling pot.

[0209] In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the method for manufacturing a biodegradable, eco-friendly seedling pot of the present invention may be characterized in that no raw materials other than the aforementioned raw materials are used, and no additional steps are performed other than the aforementioned steps.

[0210] In some embodiments of the present invention, the mushroom mycelia that have completed further growth and are dried may have grown only before fruiting bodies are formed. That is, the mushroom mycelia mass that has completed (further) growth may not contain fruiting bodies.

[0211] A biodegradable, eco-friendly seedling pot using mushroom mycelia manufactured in the above manner can satisfy one or more of the following conditions (1) to (3), specifically two or more, and more specifically three or more.

[0212] (1) Density (g / mL): 0.1-0.3, preferably 0.15-0.2

[0213] (2) Flexural strength (MPs): 3-6, preferably 3.5-5

[0214] (3) Tensile strength (MPs): 0.3-1.0, preferably 0.5-0.8

[0215]

[0216] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described through manufacturing examples and experimental examples, but it is obvious that the effects of the present invention are not limited by the following experimental examples.

[0217] Manufacturing examples and experimental examples according to the first embodiment of the present invention are as follows.

[0218] Manufacturing Example 1-1

[0219] Example 1-1-1

[0220] A medium was prepared by mixing 100 ml of poplar sawdust, 20 ml of rice bran, and 5 ml of crushed green tea leaves with 50 ml of water (pH 3-5), and the medium was inoculated with the mycelia of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus). The solid medium inoculated with the mycelia was filled into a sterilized mold (10 cm x 20 cm). For the growth of the mycelia filled in the mold, direct sunlight was minimized, the temperature was maintained at 15-32 ℃, the relative humidity was maintained at 65-95%, and the carbon dioxide concentration was maintained at 2,000-5,000 ppm. After about 3 days, the grown mycelia were separated from the mold. Since the side of the mycelia that was in contact with the mold showed relatively insufficient growth, they were additionally grown for about 1 day under a carbon dioxide concentration of 1,600-2,400 ppm. After additional growth, the mycelia were dried at approximately 75-100°C for 1-3 hours to produce biodegradable, eco-friendly packaging materials.

[0221] Example 1-1-2

[0222] The badge was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1-1, except that crushed oyster shells were used instead of green tea leaves.

[0223] Example 1-1-3

[0224] The badge was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1-1, except that ground ginkgo nut shells were used instead of green tea leaves.

[0225] Comparative Example 1-1

[0226] It was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1-1, except that green tea leaves were not used in the manufacturing of the badge.

[0227] Figure 1 is a photograph of biodegradable, eco-friendly packaging materials manufactured using, in order from left, green tea leaves, oyster shells, and ginkgo nut shells.

[0228] Experimental Example 1-1

[0229] Surface properties and impact resistance were evaluated for the biodegradable, eco-friendly packaging materials of the manufactured examples and comparative examples, and the results were as shown in Table 1 below.

[0230] - Coefficient of dynamic friction: Measured and evaluated according to ASTM D1894. Calculated by dividing the force generated when a 150 g weight is placed on a specimen and slides at a speed of 20 mm / min by the force acting perpendicular to the friction surface.

[0231] - Impact strength: Measured and evaluated according to ASTM D256. The impact strength calculated at the point of specimen failure is calculated as the average value of the measurements of at least five specimens for each condition.

[0232] Surface characteristics, coefficient of friction, impact strength (N / cm) 2 ) Example 1-1-1 Partially rough 0.908 Example 1-1-2 Overall smooth 0.6916 Example 1-1-3 Overall smooth 0.7117 Comparative example 1-1 Smooth except for the mold contact surface 0.82 (non-contact surface) 0.98 (contact surface) 7

[0233] As shown in Table 1 above, it can be seen that the biodegradable eco-friendly packaging material manufactured using green tea leaves, oyster shells, and ginkgo nut shells exhibited surface properties and impact strength at levels equal to or higher than those of the comparative examples.

[0234] Experimental Example 1-2

[0235] In order to evaluate the growth degree of mushroom mycelia according to the green tea powder content of the medium, eco-friendly packaging materials were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1-1-1 except that the green tea powder content was changed as shown in Table 2 below. After completion of growth in the mold, the growth degree of Example 1-2-1 was set as the standard (100%), and the relative growth degrees (growth rates) of the other examples were evaluated. The growth degree was determined by comprehensively considering the amount of mycelia, surface characteristics, hardness, etc. The evaluation results were as shown in Table 2 below.

[0236] Classification Green tea residue usage (ml) Growth rate (%) Example 1-2-10 100 Example 1-2-2 1110 Example 1-2-3 2125 Example 1-2-4 5130 Example 1-2-5 10110 Example 1-2-6 1585 Example 1-2-7 2080 Example 1-2-8 3070 Example 1-2-9 5060

[0237] As shown in Table 2 above, when green tea residue was used, the growth rate was high at 1-10 ml and was the best at 2-5 ml.

[0238] Experimental Example 1-3

[0239] In order to evaluate the growth degree of mushroom mycelia according to the oyster shell content of the medium, eco-friendly packaging materials were manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1-1-2 except that the oyster shell content was changed as shown in Table 3 below. After completion of growth in the mold, the growth degree of Example 1-3-1 was set as the standard (100%), and the relative growth degrees (growth rates) of the other examples were evaluated. The growth degree was determined by comprehensively considering the amount of mycelia, surface characteristics, hardness, etc. The evaluation results were as shown in Table 3 below.

[0240] Oyster shell usage amount (ml) Growth rate (%) Example 1-3-10 100 Example 1-3-2 1100 Example 1-3-3 2 110 Example 1-3-4 5 120 Example 1-3-5 7 110 Example 1-3-6 1080 Example 1-3-7 2060

[0241] As shown in Table 3 above, when oyster shells were used, the growth rate was high at 1-10 ml and was the best at 5 ml.

[0242] Experimental Example 1-4

[0243] In order to evaluate the growth degree of mushroom mycelia according to the content of ginkgo husk in the medium, an eco-friendly packaging material was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1-1-3, except that the contents of sawdust and ginkgo husk were changed as shown in Table 4 below.

[0244] Amount of bank shell used (ml) Amount of sawdust used (ml) Example 1-4-10 100 Example 1-4-2 1090 Example 1-4-3 2080 Example 1-4-4 3070 Example 1-4-5 5050

[0245] After completion of growth in the mold, the growth degree of Example 1-4-1 was set as the standard (100%), and the relative growth degrees (growth rates) of the other examples were evaluated. The growth degree was determined by comprehensively considering the amount of mycelia, surface characteristics, hardness, etc. In addition, the total nitrogen amount, carbon amount, and C / N ratio of each example were calculated. The evaluation results are as shown in Table 5 below.

[0246] Growth rate (%) Total nitrogen (%) Total carbon (%) C / N ratio Example 1-4-1 100 1.0 6 56 45 3.4 Example 1-4-2 130 1.4 6 55 73 8.3 Example 1-4-3 110 1.6 2 55 43 4.2 Example 1-4-4 90 1.7 3 55 13 1.8 Example 1-4-5 70 1.9 2 54 8 29.7

[0247] As shown in Table 5 above, when using ginkgo husks, the growth rate is high at 1-20 ml and is the best at 10-20 ml. In particular, when using ginkgo husks, as the ginkgo husk addition ratio increases, the nitrogen content increases while the C / N ratio decreases, so if the content is too low or too high, growth may be inhibited, so an appropriate content is important. As shown in Table 5 above, it was found that the growth rate is high at 10-20 ml and is the best at 10 ml.

[0248]

[0249] Manufacturing examples and experimental examples according to the second embodiment of the present invention are as follows.

[0250] Manufacturing Example 2-1

[0251] Example 2-1

[0252] A medium was prepared by mixing sawdust and potato starch in water at a pH of 3-5, and sterilized under high pressure at 121℃ for 40 minutes. The sterilized medium was inoculated with the mycelia of the acacia mushroom 10x10 cm in size cultivated on PDA medium. Dark culture was performed for 15 days after inoculation. The solid medium inoculated with the mycelia was filled into a mold (10 cm x 20 cm). For the growth of the mycelia filled in the mold, direct sunlight was minimized, and the temperature was maintained at 15-25℃ and the relative humidity at 85-90%, and the carbon dioxide concentration was maintained at 2,000-5,000 ppm. After about 7 days, the grown mycelia were separated from the mold, and the mycelia were dried at about 75-100℃ for 1-3 hours to manufacture a biodegradable, eco-friendly packaging material.

[0253] Comparative Example 2-1

[0254] It was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 2-1 above, but was manufactured by inoculating the spherical mycelia of oyster mushrooms instead of the mycelia of acacia trees.

[0255] Comparative Example 2-2

[0256] It was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 2-1 above, but was manufactured by inoculating the mycelia of the oyster mushroom spring and autumn instead of the mycelia of the acacia tree.

[0257] Comparative Example 2-3

[0258] It was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 2-1 above, but was manufactured by mixing hemp stem sawdust instead of silver birch sawdust.

[0259] Comparative Example 2-4

[0260] It was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 2-1 above, but instead of silver birch sawdust, it was mixed with hemp stem sawdust, and instead of acacia mycelia, it was manufactured by inoculating with oyster mushroom round mycelia.

[0261] Experimental Example 2-1

[0262] Impact resistance and bending resistance were evaluated for the biodegradable and eco-friendly packaging materials of the manufactured examples and comparative examples, and the results were as shown in Table 6 below.

[0263] - Impact strength: Measured and evaluated according to ASTM D256. The impact strength calculated at the point of specimen failure is calculated as the average value of the measurements of at least five specimens for each condition.

[0264] - Bending resistance strength: Prepare a 2x10x2 cm specimen, fix both ends of the specimen to clamps, and apply pressure to the center of the specimen using a pressurizer to measure the pressure (MPa) at which bending deformation occurs.

[0265] Impact strength (N / cm) 2 ) Bending resistance strength Example 2-1152.31 MPa Comparative example 2-1132.77 MPa Comparative example 2-293.12 MPa Comparative example 2-3122.97 MPa Comparative example 2-483.02 MPa

[0266] As can be confirmed in the above experiment, the eco-friendly packaging material using sawdust from silver birch and mycelia from acacia wood mushrooms has the highest impact resistance, so it is not easily broken or destroyed, but has low bending resistance, so it can be flexibly deformed, such as bending, and has an excellent cushioning effect as a packaging material.

[0267] Experimental Example 2-2

[0268] The weight, coefficient of dynamic friction, and surface characteristics of the biodegradable eco-friendly packaging materials of the manufactured examples and comparative examples were evaluated, and the results are as shown in Table 7 below.

[0269] - Weight: Measures weight per unit volume of 10x20x3cm

[0270] - Coefficient of dynamic friction: Measured and evaluated according to ASTM D1894. Calculated by dividing the force generated when a 150 g weight is placed on a specimen and slides at a speed of 20 mm / min by the force acting perpendicular to the friction surface.

[0271] ClassificationWeight (Weight per unit volume)Coefficient of dynamic frictionSurface characteristicsExample 2-10.25 kg0.52Overall smoothComparative example 2-10.33 kg0.86Partially roughComparative example 2-20.48 kg0.92Partially roughComparative example 2-30.45 kg0.72Partially roughComparative example 2-40.37 kg0.88Partially rough

[0272] As can be confirmed in the above experiment, the eco-friendly packaging material using sawdust from silver birch and mycelia from acacia wood mushrooms is the lightest per unit volume and has a smooth surface, so it can be used in various ways as a packaging material.

[0273] Manufacturing Example 2-2

[0274] In order to evaluate the growth rate of mushroom mycelia according to the concentration of carbon dioxide, an eco-friendly packaging material was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 2-1, except that the concentration of carbon dioxide was changed as shown in Table 8 below.

[0275] Classification Concentration (ppm) Example 2-2-11,000 Example 2-2-21,500 Example 2-2-32,000 Example 2-2-42,500 Example 2-2-55,000 Example 2-2-67,000 Example 2-2-710,000

[0276] Experimental Example 2-3

[0277] After completion of growth in the mold, the growth degree of Example 2-1 was set as the standard (100%), and the relative growth degrees of other examples were evaluated. The growth degree was determined by comprehensively considering the amount of mycelia, surface characteristics, hardness, etc.

[0278] The evaluation results were as shown in Fig. 2, and as shown in Fig. 2, the growth rate was more than 100% of Example 2-2-4 only when the concentration of carbon dioxide was within the range of 2,000-5,000 ppm, so it can be seen that 2,000-5,000 ppm is the optimal concentration for growing mushroom mycelia.

[0279] Manufacturing Example 2-3

[0280] Example 2-3-1

[0281] The medium was prepared by mixing sawdust and potato starch in a volume ratio of 1:0.25 in water at a pH of 3-5, and sterilized under high pressure at 121℃ for 40 minutes. The sterilized medium was inoculated with the mycelia of the acacia mushroom 10x10 cm in size cultured on PDA medium. Dark culture was performed for 15 days after inoculation. The solid medium inoculated with the mycelia was filled into a mold (10 cm x 20 cm). For the growth of the mycelia filled in the mold, direct sunlight was minimized, and the temperature was maintained at 15-25℃ and the relative humidity at 85-90%, and the mycelia were grown while maintaining the concentration of carbon dioxide at 2,000-5,000 ppm.

[0282] Example 2-3-2 and Comparative Example

[0283] The mycelia were grown in the same manner as in Example 2-3-1, but the nutrient sources were changed as shown in Table 9 below.

[0284] Classification of Nutrient Sources Example 2-3-1 Potato Starch Example 2-3-2 Strong Flour Comparative Example 2-3-1 Rice Bran Comparative Example 2-3-2 Wheat Bran Comparative Example 2-3-3 Maltose

[0285] Experimental Example 2-4

[0286] In order to evaluate the growth rate according to the type of both gardens, the growth rates on the 3rd and 6th days of the examples and comparative examples were evaluated, and the growth rate standard was based on the growth degree (100%) on the 7th day of Example 2-3-1. The results of the evaluation were as shown in Table 10 below.

[0287] Growth rate on the 3rd day (%) Growth rate on the 6th day (%) Example 2-3-1 14% 80 & Example 2-3-2 12% 75% Comparative example 2-3-1 10% 60% Comparative example 2-3-29% 45% Comparative example 2-3-3 11% 20%

[0288] As can be seen in the table above, when the nutrient source is potato starch or strong flour, the mycelia grow faster and more vigorously than when other nutrients are provided.

[0289] Manufacturing Examples 2-4 and 2-5

[0290] Examples 2-4 and 2-5

[0291] In order to evaluate the growth rate of mushroom mycelia according to the volume ratio of the nutrient source, the mycelia were grown for 7 days in the same manner as in Example 2-3-1, except that the type of nutrient source and the volume ratio of the nutrient source were changed as shown in Table 11 below.

[0292] Classification (potato starch) Volume ratio of nutrients compared to sawdust (%) Classification (strong flour) Volume ratio of nutrients compared to sawdust (%) Example 2-4-10 Example 2-5-10 Example 2-4-22 Example 2-5-22 Example 2-4-35 Example 2-5-35 Example 2-4-410 Example 2-5-410 Example 2-4-520 Example 2-5-520 Example 2-4-625 Example 2-5-625 Example 2-4-730 Example 2-5-730 Example 2-4-840 Example 2-5-840 Example 2-4-950 Example 2-5-950 Example 2-4-1060 Example 2-5-1060

[0293] Experimental Example 2-5

[0294] After completion of growth in the mold, the growth rate (100%) on the 7th day of Example 2-3-1 was set as the standard, and the relative growth rates of other examples were evaluated. The growth rate was determined by comprehensively considering the amount of mycelia, surface characteristics, hardness, etc. The evaluation results are shown in Table 12 below.

[0295] Division Growth Rate (%) Division Growth Rate (%) Example 2-4-160 Example 2-5-160 Example 2-4-272 Example 2-5-265 Example 2-4-392 Example 2-5-383 Example 2-4-496 Example 2-5-485 Example 2-4-598 Example 2-5-588 Example 2-4-6100 Example 2-5-690 Example 2-4-791 Example 2-5-784 Example 2-4-888 Example 2-5-881 Example 2-4-981 Example 2-5-975 Example 2-4-1063 Example 2-5-1062

[0296] Manufacturing Example 2-6

[0297] In order to evaluate the growth rate according to the type of mushroom mycelium, the mycelium was grown in the same manner as in Example 2-3-1 except that the type of mushroom mycelium was changed as shown in Table 13 below.

[0298] Types of mushroom mycelia Example 2-6 Acacia wood mushroom Comparative example 2-6-1 Oyster mushroom round Comparative example 2-6-2 Oyster mushroom spring and autumn Comparative example 2-6-3 Oyster mushroom Mars

[0299] Experimental Example 2-6

[0300] After completion of growth in the mold, the growth rate on the fifth day of Example 2-6 was set as the standard (100%), and the relative growth rates of other comparative examples were evaluated. The growth rate was determined by comprehensively considering the amount of mycelia, surface characteristics, hardness, etc., and the results are shown in Table 14 below.

[0301] Growth rate (%) Example 2-6 100% Comparative example 2-6 180% Comparative example 2-6 230% Comparative example 2-6 360%

[0302] Experimental Example 2-7

[0303] After completion of growth in the mold, the growth degree on the 10th day of Example 2-6 was set as the standard (100%), and the relative growth degrees of other comparative examples were evaluated. The growth degree was determined by comprehensively considering the amount of mycelia, surface characteristics, hardness, etc., and the results are shown in Table 15 below.

[0304] Growth rate (%) Example 2-6 100% Comparative example 2-6 140% Comparative example 2-6 245% Comparative example 2-6 370%

[0305] As can be seen in the table above, when the same silver birch sawdust was used as a medium and mushroom mycelia were grown, it can be confirmed that the acacia wood mushroom mycelia showed the best growth rate.

[0306] Manufacturing examples and experimental examples according to the third embodiment of the present invention are as follows.

[0307] Manufacturing Example 3-1

[0308] Example 3-1

[0309] A medium containing 350 g of poplar sawdust, 150 g of waste paper, and 200 g of rice bran in 700 g of water was sterilized under high pressure at 121°C for 40 minutes. The medium was inoculated with 1.5 x 1.5 cm sized oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) mycelia cultured on PDA medium for 15 days. After inoculation, the mycelia were cultured in the dark for 15 days, then finely ground and filled into a mold (10 cm x 20 cm) sterilized with 70% EtOH. The mycelia filled in the mold were maintained at a temperature of 26°C and a relative humidity of 80% for 2 days, and the carbon dioxide concentration was maintained at 6,000 ppm to allow primary growth. For secondary growth of the mycelia that had grown primarily, the temperature was maintained at 20℃ and the relative humidity was 80%, and after approximately 3 days, the grown mycelia were separated from the mold. The mycelia were dried at approximately 75-100℃ for 1-3 hours to produce biodegradable, eco-friendly packaging materials.

[0310] Comparative Example 3-1

[0311] A medium containing 700 g of poplar sawdust mixed with 420 g of water was sterilized under high pressure at 121°C for 40 minutes. Pleurotus ostreatus mycelia measuring 1.5 x 1.5 cm cultured on PDA medium for 15 days were inoculated. After inoculation, the mycelia were cultured in the dark for 15 days, then finely ground and filled into a mold (10 cm x 20 cm) sterilized with 70% EtOH. The mycelia filled in the mold were maintained at a temperature of 20°C and a relative humidity of 80% for 2 days, and the carbon dioxide concentration was maintained at 4,000 ppm for primary growth. For secondary growth of the mycelia that had undergone primary growth, the temperature was maintained at 20°C and a relative humidity of 80%, and the grown mycelia were separated from the mold after approximately 3 days. Biodegradable, eco-friendly packaging materials were manufactured by drying the mycelia at approximately 75-100°C for 1-3 hours.

[0312] Experimental Example 3-1

[0313] Except for the difference in moisture content as shown in Table 16 below, the same procedure as in Example 3-1 was followed. After growth in the mold was completed, the growth degree of Comparative Example 3-1 was set as the standard (100%), and the relative growth degrees (growth rates) of the examples were evaluated. The growth degree was determined by comprehensively considering the amount of mycelia, surface characteristics, hardness, etc. The evaluation results were as shown in Table 16 below.

[0314] Moisture content (wt%)Growth rate (%)Comparative example 3-160100Example 3-1-1608Example 3-1-28020Example 3-1-3 (same as Example 3-1)10065Example 3-1-412085Example 3-1-513093Example 3-1-614098

[0315] As shown in Table 16 above, when the moisture content is 60 wt%, growth is very slow and almost non-existent due to lack of moisture, and as the moisture content increases, the growth rate increases. This is interpreted as a characteristic of waste paper medium that requires an increase in moisture content.

[0316] Experimental Example 3-2

[0317] Except for the difference in carbon dioxide concentration as shown in Table 17 below, the same procedure as in Example 3-1 was followed. After completion of growth in the mold, the relative growth degree (growth rate) among the examples was evaluated. The growth degree was determined by comprehensively considering the amount of mycelia, surface characteristics, hardness, etc.

[0318] ClassificationCarbon dioxide concentration (ppm)Growth rate of primary growth (%)Comparative example 3-14,000100Example 3-2-12,00018Example 3-2-23,00025Example 3-2-34,00040Example 3-2-45,00055Example 3-2-5 (same as Example 3-1)6,00065Example 3-2-67,00070Example 3-2-78,00068Example 3-2-89,00063

[0319] As can be seen in the table above, when the carbon dioxide concentration was 2,000 ppm in the first growth, the growth rate was observed to be very low at about 15-20%, and when it increased to a higher concentration of 3,000-7,000 ppm, the growth rate was confirmed to increase to 70%. In addition, it was observed that there was no growth inhibition even when the carbon dioxide concentration was increased to 7,000 ppm until the end of growth in the mold. In other words, it can be seen that the growth rate was better when the carbon dioxide concentration was 5,000-7,000 ppm when the medium was manufactured by mixing waste paper, unlike when the medium was manufactured only with sawdust. This supports the need for an increase in the carbon dioxide standard due to the characteristics of the waste paper medium.

[0320] Experimental Example 3-3

[0321] Except that the temperature of the first growth was different as shown in Table 18, the same procedure as in Example 3-1 was followed. The relative degree of cluster formation (the degree of even growth over the entire surface) among the examples was evaluated at the first growth point on the first day in the mold. The degree of cluster formation was determined by comprehensively considering the degree of growth visible to the naked eye during surface culture and the degree of growth visible to the naked eye when splitting after growth was complete.

[0322] Classification Day 1 Primary Growth Temperature Cluster Formation Rate (%) Comparative Example 3-1 20 100 Example 3-3-1 18 15 Example 3-3-2 20 20 Example 3-3-3 22 25 Example 3-3-4 24 30 Example 3-3-5 (same as Example 3-1) 26 45 Example 3-3-6 28 50 Example 3-3-6 30 50 Example 3-3-7 32 45 Example 3-3-8 34 30

[0323] The primary growth of the medium made only of sawdust was carried out at 18-25℃, but in the case of the medium mixed with waste paper, it was superior in terms of colony formation to carry out the primary growth at 24-30℃ for a quick reaction with nutrients such as rice bran. It was confirmed that the higher the temperature, the faster the mycelial colony formation when the primary growth, which was slow at low temperatures, was carried out at 24℃, 26℃, 28℃, and 30℃.

[0324] Experimental Example 3-4

[0325] While the eco-friendly packaging material was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 3-1, the temperature of secondary growth was varied from 18°C ​​to 34°C, and the relative degree of cluster formation (the degree of even growth over the entire surface) among the examples was observed after growth in the mold was completed.

[0326] The degree of cluster formation was observed comprehensively by considering the degree of growth visible to the naked eye during surface culture and the degree of growth visible to the naked eye when split after growth was completed, and it was confirmed that secondary growth was most optimized and effective when performed at 18-25 ℃.

[0327] Accordingly, when considering Experimental Examples 3-3 and 3-4 comprehensively, it was confirmed that the most optimized results of cluster formation can be obtained when clusters are formed quickly at a high temperature for up to 2 days of initial growth and the remaining mold culture period is conducted at 18-25℃.

[0328] This is interpreted as a consequence of the characteristics of waste paper, which necessitates temperature control. While waste paper fundamentally contains components such as cellulose and lignin, unlike general wood, it undergoes processing before being commercialized, and thus reacts more slowly with nutrients than general wood.

[0329] Experimental Example 3-5

[0330] It was manufactured in the same manner as Example 3-1, except that the weight ratio between poplar sawdust and waste paper was changed as shown in Table 19 below.

[0331] Classification Poplar sawdust weight ratio (%) Waste paper weight ratio (%) Example 3-5-1 60 40 Example 3-5-2 70 30 Example 3-5-3 (same as Example 3-1) 80 20 Example 3-5-4 90 10 Example 3-5-5 1000

[0332] After completion of growth in the mold, the physical properties of the examples were measured using the following method, and the results are shown in Table 20 below. - Elastic modulus: Using a universal strength tester (Shimadzu, AG-10kNX Plus), a flexural strength test was performed three times each under the conditions of a three-point support, centrally concentrated load, and a span length of 16.5 cm at a loading speed of 10 mm / min, and the static elastic modulus and flexural strength were obtained using the following equations, and the average value was calculated.

[0333] Food: Pl 3 / 4bh 3 y

[0334] (P=load, l=span length, b=width of specimen, h=thickness of specimen, y=displacement)

[0335] - Bending strength: A 2x10x2 cm specimen was prepared, both ends of the specimen were fixed to clamps, and pressure was applied to the center of the specimen using a pressurizer to measure the pressure (MPa) at which bending deformation occurred. The test was repeated three times under the same conditions and the average value was calculated.

[0336] Modulus of elasticity (Pl) 3 / 4bh 3 y) Bending strength (MPa) Example 3-5-1 324.4 21.73 Example 3-5-2 350.0 21.94 Example 3-5-3 (same as Example 3-1) 376.3 32.06 Example 3-5-4 396.3 22.48 Example 3-5-5 442.0 82.93

[0337] As can be confirmed in the above experiment, the eco-friendly packaging material manufactured with a weight ratio of 100:0 of ​​poplar sawdust and waste paper has the highest elastic modulus and flexural strength, whereas the eco-friendly packaging material manufactured with a weight ratio of 60:40-90:10 of poplar sawdust and waste paper has a low elastic modulus and low flexural strength. Therefore, the eco-friendly packaging material manufactured with a mixed medium of waste paper can be flexibly deformed with a small force, and thus has an excellent cushioning effect as a packaging material.

[0338] Manufacturing examples and experimental examples according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention are as follows.

[0339] Manufacturing Example 4-1

[0340] Example 4-1

[0341] A medium containing 45 wt% moisture, consisting of poplar sawdust and rice bran in a volume ratio of 1:0.25 in water (pH 3-5), was sterilized under high pressure at 121°C for 40 minutes. The sterilized medium was inoculated with 1.5 x 1.5 cm sized Reishi mushroom mycelia cultured on PDA medium for 15 days. After inoculation, the mycelia were cultured in the dark for 15 days, then finely ground and filled into a mold (10 cm x 20 cm) sterilized with 70% EtOH. The mycelia filled into the mold were maintained at a temperature of 26°C and a relative humidity of 80% for 2 days, and the carbon dioxide concentration was maintained at 2,000 ppm for growth. After separating the grown mycelia from the mold, the primary growth was achieved by maintaining the carbon dioxide concentration at 1,600-2,400 ppm at 26℃ and 80% relative humidity for 2 days, and then the secondary growth was achieved by maintaining the carbon dioxide concentration at 5,000-7,000 ppm for 4 days. The mycelia were dried at approximately 75-100℃ for 1-3 hours to produce biodegradable seedling pots.

[0342] Example 4-2

[0343] A seedling pot was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 4-1, except that the concentration of carbon dioxide was maintained at 7,000-10,000 ppm during secondary growth.

[0344] Comparative Example 4-1

[0345] A seedling pot was prepared in the same manner as in Example 4-1, except that oyster mushroom mycelia were inoculated instead of reishi mushroom mycelia.

[0346] Comparative Example 4-2

[0347] A seedling pot was prepared in the same manner as in Example 4-1, except that the concentration of carbon dioxide was maintained at 2,000-3,000 ppm during secondary growth.

[0348] Comparative Example 4-3

[0349] A seedling pot was prepared in the same manner as in Example 4-1, except that the concentration of carbon dioxide was maintained at 3,000-4,000 ppm during secondary growth.

[0350] Experimental Example 4-1

[0351] The seedling pots of the examples and comparative examples manufactured in the above manufacturing examples were evaluated for weight, density, flexural strength, tensile strength, and impact resistance, and the results were as shown in Table 21 below.

[0352] Tensile strength and flexural strength were measured using a Shimadzu AG-10kNX plus universal testing machine.

[0353] Tensile strength was measured at the breaking point (the point at which the material breaks). The specimen was fixed longitudinally and a tensile test was performed using a 1 kN load cell at a speed of 1 mm / min. The specimen was prepared with a length of 80 mm and a width of 13 mm.

[0354] Tensile strength MPa (N / mm 2 ) = maximum load / width (mm) 2 )

[0355] The flexural strength test was conducted at a loading speed of 5 mm / min under the conditions of a three-point support, centrally concentrated load, and a span length of 200 mm, and the flexural strength was obtained using the equation below.

[0356] The load cell was set to 1 kN, and the specimen was prepared with a width of 25 mm and a thickness of 10 mm.

[0357] 3Pl / 2bh 2

[0358] (P is the load, l is the span length, b is the width of the specimen, h is the thickness of the specimen)

[0359] Impact resistance was evaluated by dropping a 0.5 kg weight from a height of 20 cm to determine the breakage and appearance of the coating.

[0360] Weight (g) Density (g / mm) 3 ) Flexural strength (MPs) Tensile strength (MPs) Impact resistance Example 4-1 (N=1) 59.7 0.17 4.0 9 0.6 Good Example 4-1 (N=2) 60.7 0.18 4.18 0.7 Good Example 4-26 2.3 0.19 4.2 10.7 Good Comparative Example 4-1 (N=1) 56.2 0.17 2.3 10.2 Breaking (cracking) Comparative Example 4-1 (N=2) 60.0 0.18 2.58 0.3 Breaking (cracking) Comparative Example 4-25 2.1 0.15 8 3.5 8 0.4 Breaking (cracking) Comparative Example 4-35 5.3 0.16 7 3.7 2 0.5 Breaking (scratching)

[0361] As shown in Table 1 above, the seedling pots according to the embodiments of the present invention have excellent strength and impact resistance compared to the seedling pots of comparative examples having the same density, and thus are very suitable for use as eco-friendly seedling pots.

[0362] Manufacturing Example 4-2

[0363] A seedling pot was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 4-1, except that the moisture content in the medium was changed as shown in Table 22 below.

[0364] Moisture content (wt%) in the sorting medium Example 4-3-130 Example 4-3-235 Example 4-3-340 Example 4-3-445 Example 4-3-550 Example 4-3-655 Example 4-3-760

[0365] Experimental Example 4-2

[0366] After completion of growth in the mold, the growth degree of Example 4-3-1 was set as the standard (100%), and the relative growth degrees (growth rates) of the examples were evaluated. The growth degree was determined by comprehensively considering the amount of mycelia, surface characteristics, hardness, etc. The evaluation results are as shown in Table 23 below.

[0367] Moisture content (wt%) in the culture medium Growth rate (%) Example 4-3-1 3060 Example 4-3-2 3570 Example 4-3-3 4080 Example 4-3-4 4595 Example 4-3-5 5095 Example 4-3-6 580 Example 4-3-7 6080

[0368] As shown in Table 23 above, the growth was the best when the moisture content was 40-50 wt%, and it can be seen that the growth was slow when the moisture content was lower than 40 wt% or higher than 50 wt%.

[0369] Manufacturing Example 4-3

[0370] A seedling pot was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 4-1, except that the concentration of carbon dioxide was changed during secondary growth as shown in Table 24 below.

[0371] Carbon dioxide concentration (ppm) during secondary growth Example 4-4-12,000 Example 4-4-24,000 Example 4-4-36,000 Example 4-4-48,000 Example 4-4-510,000 Example 4-4-612,000

[0372] Experimental Example 4-3

[0373] After completion of growth in the mold, the colony formation degree (the degree of even growth over the entire surface) of Example 4-4-1 was set as the standard (100%), and the relative colony formation rates of the examples were evaluated. The colony formation degree was determined by comprehensively considering the degree of growth visible to the naked eye during surface culture and the degree of growth visible to the naked eye when splitting after completion of growth. The evaluation results are as shown in Table 25 below.

[0374] Carbon dioxide concentration during secondary growth (ppm) Colony formation rate (%) Example 4-4-12,000 50 Example 4-4-24,000 70 Example 4-4-36,000 90 Example 4-4-48,000 100 Example 4-4-510,000 100 Example 4-4-612,000 100

[0375] As shown in Table 25 above, it can be seen that the colony formation level was the best when the carbon dioxide concentration was increased to 5000-10,000 ppm during secondary growth.

Claims

1. (a) A step of inoculating mushroom mycelia into a medium prepared by mixing sawdust and natural by-products; (b) a step of filling a solid medium inoculated with the mushroom mycelia into a mold; (c) a step of growing mushroom mycelia filled in the mold under one or more conditions of a temperature of 15-32 ℃, a relative humidity of 65-95%, and a carbon dioxide concentration of 2,000-5,000 ppm; (d) a step of separating the mushroom mycelia that have completed growth from the mold; and (e) a step of drying the separated mushroom mycelia, The above natural by-product comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of green tea residue, oyster shells and ginkgo nut shells. Method for manufacturing biodegradable, eco-friendly packaging materials.

2. In claim 1, The content of the above natural by-product in the above medium is: When the above natural by-product includes green tea residue or oyster shell, 1-10 parts by volume based on 100 parts by volume of the above sawdust; and When the above natural by-product includes ginkgo husk, when the sum of the sawdust and ginkgo husk is 100 parts by volume, it is 1-30 parts by volume. Method for manufacturing biodegradable, eco-friendly packaging materials.

3. In claim 1, The above badge further contains 10-30 parts by volume of rice bran based on 100 parts by volume of the above sawdust. Method for manufacturing biodegradable, eco-friendly packaging materials.

4. In claim 1, The above mushroom is oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus). The above sawdust is poplar sawdust. Method for manufacturing biodegradable, eco-friendly packaging materials.

5. A biodegradable, eco-friendly packaging material manufactured by the method of any one of claims 1 to 4, and satisfying at least one of the following (1) to (2). (1) Impact strength (N / cm) 2 ): 5 or more (2) Coefficient of dynamic friction: 1.2 or less

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