Split gene editing systems and uses thereof
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/076666
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-02-07
- Publication Date
- 2025-09-25
AI Technical Summary
The large size of the Prime Editor (PE) system exceeds the loading capacity of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors, limiting its delivery and clinical applications in gene editing therapies.
The PE system is split into two parts and packaged into two AAV vectors, allowing recombination into a complete mRNA or protein within cells through RNA trans-splicing or intein-mediated trans-splicing for efficient gene editing.
This method enables high-efficiency delivery and function of PE systems in vivo, overcoming the size limitations of AAV vectors and enhancing gene editing capabilities.
Abstract
Description
Split Gene Editing Systems and Uses ThereofTECHNICAL FIELDThe present disclosure relates to split gene editing systems and uses thereof, including polypeptides, vectors, cells, compositions, kits, and methods thereof.SEQUENCE LISTINGThis application contains a Sequence Listing as an XML file entitled “Seq list. xml” having a size of 361 KB and created on November 17, 2023. The information contained in the Sequence Listing is incorporated by reference herein.BACKGROUNDCRISPR-Cas9 is a novel genome editing tool, which can achieve cleavage at genome target sites with the guidance of guide RNA (gRNA) , forming DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) . DSBs induce cells to initiate non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or homology-directed repair (HDR) mechanisms. Combined with a donor template comprising homology arms, precise insertion or deletion of DNA sequences can be achieved using HDR, although the efficiency is low. The base editor (base editor, BE) developed based on Cas9 nickase and deaminase can achieve four types of base conversion, including C→T, G→A, A→G, T→C. But it has limited editing window and ability, and high off-target rates. There is still a lack of effective genome editing tools for other types of mutations that account for 70%of known disease-causing mutations.David Liu and his team developed a novel gene editing tool, the Prime Editor (PE) . PE can achieve accurate insertion, deletion, and all 12 types of base conversion without causing DSB and a donor template DNA. In the original version of PE (PE1) , a Cas9n-H840A, which cleaves single strand, is fused at its C-terminus with a Moroni Murine Leukemia Virus Reverse Transcriptase (M-MLV) , and is combined with a prime editing guide RNA (pegRNA) which has an extended sequence at its 3’ end, wherein the extended sequence comprises a reverse transcriptase template (RT template) for the editing site, and a primer binding site (PBS) . PE1 can achieve substitution of single base, and insertion and deletion of short sequence. But its editing efficiency is relatively low. Usually only <5%of alleles of interest are converted to the desired sequence. In order to improve editing efficiency of PE1, five mutations are introduced to M-MLV to increase its thermostability, sustainability of reaction, and affinity with DNA and RNA substrates, and to inhibit activity of RNaseH of the M-MLV. This is the second generation of PE (PE2) . Compared with PE1, PE2 has 1.6 to 5.1-fold higher editing efficiency in human cells. Both PE1 and PE2 rely on cell’s endogenous repair process to replace the unedited strand with the edited strand in the template. This replacement process and thus the editing efficiency can be promoted by introducing a single guide RNA (sgRNA) targeting the editing strand to PE2 and introduce a nick in the unedited strand. This is PE3. By optimizing the location where the sgRNA binds, higher editing efficiency can be achieved while maintaining a relatively low indel (insertions and deletions) rate. This is PE3b. In addition, it is reported that degradation of the 3’ end of the pegRNA would affect editing efficiency. Engineered pegRNAs with addition of different RNA protective structures at the 3’ end were developed, such as epegRNA and xr-pegRNA. Later studies found that cellular DNA mismatch repair mechanism (MMR) inhibits PE gene editing and leads to extra indels. Based on these findings, PE systems expressing dominant negative MMR protein (MLH1dn) were developed, i.e., PE4 (PE2+MLH1dn) and PE5 (PE3+MLH1dn) . Editing efficiency is enhanced by inhibiting MMR with MLH1dn. Based on the versions of PE systems described above, a further optimized PEmax can be obtained by using codon optimized PE2 protein, introducing multiple mutations to the spCas9, and adjusting the length and position of the peptide linker between the Cas9n-H840A and the reverse transcriptase. Besides, combining the different versions of PE with the serine recombinase will obtain Twin PE and PASTE, which can achieve accurate insertion and deletion of large sequence in the genome, and chromosomal inversion and translocation.Given its diversity in editing types, high specificity, and low off-target rate, PE has great potential in gene editing therapies. Delivering PE to the site of action in vivo with high efficiency and accuracy is the key to its function. Viral vector is a widely used delivery vehicle in gene therapy. Target gene is introduced into the recipient cell by virus for disease treatment. This has been applied to cells, animal models, and clinically. Commonly used viral vectors includes, but not limited to, adenovirus, lentivirus, adeno-associated virus (AAV) . AAV has relatively low immunogenicity and can be injected to the target site. Thus, it is a safe and effective delivery vehicle, and has been widely used clinically for gene therapy.However, PE has a size of about 6.5 kb, far exceeding the loading capacity of AAV (4.8 kb) . This obstacle of PE delivery limits its further clinical applications. Therefore, there is a need in the art for PE delivery methods with high efficiency.SUMMARYThe present disclosure provides compositions and methods for delivering gene editing systems, such as primer editor (PE) and base editor (BE) , into cells in split. In some embodiments, the gene editing system is split into two parts, and packed into two vectors, such as two AAV vectors. After transfecting the cells with the two vectors, the two parts can be recombined into one complete mRNA or protein by RNA trans-splicing or intein-mediated trans-splicing, and then functioning in gene editing. In some embodiments, the gene editing system is split into more than two parts and packed into more than two vectors.The present disclosure provides multiple split sites in the Cas9 protein or variant thereof. In some embodiments, the split sites identified in this disclosure are located between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 and 12 in a Cas9 protein or variant thereof. In some embodiments, the split site is located between the first and the second amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11, wherein the first two amino acids at the N-terminus of the C-terminal part of the split Cas9 protein or variant thereof are replaced with a cysteine and a phenylalanine, or a cysteine and a tryptophan. In some embodiments, the split site is 212-213, 269-270, 309-310, 367-368, 459-460, 554-555, 940-941, 959-960, 1023-1026, 1039-1040, 1087-1088, and 1115-1116.The split sites disclosed herein can also be used in combination. For example, in some embodiments, a Cas9 protein or variant thereof is split into three parts at two of the split sites disclosed herein. The present disclosure also discloses multiple new combinations of split sites and inteins.In an aspect, the present disclosure provides a polynucleotide comprises a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the N-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof, or between the first and second amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof.In an aspect, the present disclosure provides a polynucleotide comprises a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the C-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof.In an aspect, the present disclosure provides a polynucleotide comprises a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the C-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the third and fourth amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; and wherein the sequence further encodes a cysteine and a phenylalanine, or a cysteine and a tryptophan, at the N-terminus of the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof.In an aspect, the present disclosure provides a polynucleotide comprises a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains a part of the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof between a first split site and a second split site, wherein the first split site is located upstream to the second split site, wherein at least one of the two split sites is selected from a site between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 and 12, and a site between the first and second amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11; wherein if the first split site is between the first and second amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11, the first two amino acid at the N-terminus of the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof are replaced with a cysteine and a phenylalanine, or a cysteine and a tryptophan. In some embodiments, both the two split sites are selected from a site between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 and 12, and a site between the first and second amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11; wherein if the first split site is between the first and second amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11, the first two amino acid at the N-terminus of the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof are replaced with a cysteine and a phenylalanine, or a cysteine and a tryptophan.In some embodiments, the polynucleotide described herein further comprises a sequence encoding an N-terminal portion of an intein, which is linked to the C-terminus of the sequence encoding the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof.In some embodiments, the polynucleotide described herein wherein the intein is selected from Mxe-GyrA, Npu, Ssp-DnaB, Ssp-GyrB and Rma. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide described herein wherein the intein is Rma.In some embodiments, the polynucleotide described herein further comprises a guide RNA or a sequence encoding thereof.In some embodiments, the polynucleotide described herein further comprises an RNA polymerase III promoter. In some embodiments, the RNA polymerase III promoter is a U6 promoter.In some embodiments, the polynucleotide described herein further comprises a sequence encoding a protein with enzymatic activity. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a reverse transcriptase. In some embodiments, the reverse transcriptase is a M-MLV or a functional variant thereof. In some embodiments, the gene editing enzyme is a deaminase. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a cytidine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, an adenosine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, or a methylase or a functional fragment thereof.In some embodiments, the polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding a 2A peptide (P2A) .In some embodiments, the polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding a nuclear localization signal (NLS) .In some embodiments, the Cas9 protein or variant thereof is a Cas9 nickase (nCas9) . In some embodiments of the polynucleotide described herein, the Cas9 protein or variant thereof is a Cas9n-H840A (SEQ ID NO: 23) , an eSp-Cas9 (SEQ ID NO: 17) , a HiFi-Cas9 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a Lz3-Cas9 (SEQ ID NO: 19) , a SpCas9-NG (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a Sniper-Cas9 (SEQ ID NO: 21) , a SuperFiCas9 (SEQ ID NO: 22) , or a dCas9 (SEQ ID NO: 24) .In an aspect, the present disclosure provides a vector comprising the polynucleotide described herein.In some embodiments, the vector described herein is a viral vector. In some embodiments, the vector described herein is a plasmid. Viral vectors can include, but are not limited to, adenoviral vectors, lentiviral vectors, retroviral vectors, and adeno-associated viral vectors. Suitable vectors, promoter, and enhancer elements are known in the art; many are commercially available for generating subject recombinant constructs.In some embodiments, the vector described herein is selected from adenovirus, lentivirus, and adeno-associated virus (AAV) . In some embodiments, the vector described herein is an AAV.In an aspect, the present disclosure provides a composition comprising the polynucleotide described herein.In some embodiments, the composition described herein comprises a first polynucleotide and a second polynucleotide,wherein the first polynucleotide a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the N-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof, or between the first and second amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; andwherein the second polynucleotide comprises a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the C-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; or a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the C-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the third and fourth amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; and wherein the sequence further encodes a cysteine and a phenylalanine, or a cysteine and a tryptophan, at the N-terminus of the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof.In some embodiments of the composition described herein, the first polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding an N-terminal portion of an intein, which is linked to the C-terminus of the sequence encoding the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof. In some embodiments, the intein is selected from Mxe GyrA, Npu, Ssp-DnaB, Ssp-GyrB and Rma. In some embodiments, the intein is Rma. In some embodiments, the first polynucleotide further comprises one or more guide RNA or a sequence encoding thereof. In some embodiments, at least one of the guide RNA comprises a reverse transcriptase template. In some embodiments, the first polynucleotide further comprises an RNA polymerase III promoter. In some embodiments, the RNA polymerase III promoter is a U6 promoter. In some embodiments, the first polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding a protein with enzymatic activity. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a reverse transcriptase or a functional fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the reverse transcriptase is a Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (MMLV-RT) or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a cytidine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, an adenosine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, or a methylase or a functional fragment thereof.In some embodiments of the composition described herein, the second polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding a C-terminal portion of an intein, which is linked to the N-terminus of the sequence encoding the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof. In some embodiments, the intein is selected from Mxe GyrA, Npu, Ssp-DnaB, Ssp-GyrB and Rma. In some embodiments, the intein is Rma. In some embodiments, the second polynucleotide further comprises one or more guide RNA or a sequence encoding thereof. In some embodiments, at least one of the guide RNA comprises a reverse transcriptase template. In some embodiments, the second polynucleotide further comprises an RNA polymerase III promoter. In some embodiments, the RNA polymerase III promoter is a U6 promoter. In some embodiments, the second polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding a protein with enzymatic activity. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a reverse transcriptase or a functional fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the reverse transcriptase is a Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (MMLV-RT) or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a cytidine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, an adenosine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, or a methylase or a functional fragment thereof.In some embodiments, the composition described herein comprises a first polynucleotide and a second polynucleotide,wherein the first polynucleotide comprises a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the N-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof, or between the first and second amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; andwherein the second polynucleotide comprises a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the C-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; or a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the C-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the third and fourth amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; and wherein the sequence further encodes a cysteine and a phenylalanine, or a cysteine and a tryptophan, at the N-terminus of the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof; andwherein the first polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding an N-terminal portion of an intein, which is linked to the C-terminus of the sequence encoding the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof; andwherein the second polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding a C-terminal portion of an intein, which is linked to the N-terminus of the sequence encoding the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof; andwherein the N-terminal portion of the intein and the C-terminal portion of the intein forms a full-length intein.In some embodiments, the intein is selected from Mxe-GyrA, Npu, Ssp-DnaB, Ssp-GyrB and Rma. In some embodiments, the intein is Rma.In some embodiments of the composition described herein, at least one of the polynucleotides comprises a guide RNA or a sequence encoding thereof.In some embodiments of the composition described herein, at least one of the polynucleotides comprises a sequence encoding a protein with enzymatic activity. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a reverse transcriptase or a functional fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the reverse transcriptase is a Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (MMLV-RT) or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a cytidine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, an adenosine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, or a methylase or a functional fragment thereof.In an aspect, the present disclosure provides a composition comprising the vector described herein.In some embodiments, the composition described herein comprises a first vector comprising a first polynucleotide and a second vector comprising a second polynucleotide, wherein the first polynucleotide a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the N-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof, or between the first and second amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; andwherein the second polynucleotide comprises a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the C-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; or a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the C-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the third and fourth amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; and wherein the sequence further encodes a cysteine and a phenylalanine, or a cysteine and a tryptophan, at the N-terminus of the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof.In some embodiments of the composition described herein, the first polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding an N-terminal portion of an intein, which is linked to the C-terminus of the sequence encoding the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof. In some embodiments, the intein is selected from Mxe GyrA, Npu, Ssp-DnaB, Ssp-GyrB and Rma. In some embodiments, the intein is Rma. In some embodiments, the first polynucleotide further comprises one or more guide RNA or a sequence encoding thereof. In some embodiments, at least one of the guide RNA comprises a reverse transcriptase template. In some embodiments, the first polynucleotide further comprises an RNA polymerase III promoter. In some embodiments, the RNA polymerase III promoter is a U6 promoter. In some embodiments, the first polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding a protein with enzymatic activity. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a reverse transcriptase or a functional fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the reverse transcriptase is a Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (MMLV-RT) or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a cytidine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, an adenosine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, or a methylase or a functional fragment thereof.In some embodiments of the composition described herein, the second polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding a C-terminal portion of an intein, which is linked to the N-terminus of the sequence encoding the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof. In some embodiments, the intein is selected from Mxe GyrA, Npu, Ssp-DnaB, Ssp-GyrB and Rma. In some embodiments, the intein is Rma. In some embodiments, the second polynucleotide further comprises one or more guide RNA or a sequence encoding thereof. In some embodiments, at least one of the guide RNA comprises a reverse transcriptase template. In some embodiments, the second polynucleotide further comprises an RNA polymerase III promoter. In some embodiments, the RNA polymerase III promoter is a U6 promoter. In some embodiments, the second polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding a protein with enzymatic activity. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a reverse transcriptase or a functional fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the reverse transcriptase is a Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (MMLV-RT) or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a cytidine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, an adenosine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, or a methylase or a functional fragment thereof.In some embodiments, the composition described herein comprises a first vector comprising a first polynucleotide and a second vector comprising a second polynucleotide,wherein the first polynucleotide comprises a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the N-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof, or between the first and second amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; andwherein the second polynucleotide comprises a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the C-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; or a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the C-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the third and fourth amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; and wherein the sequence further encodes a cysteine and a phenylalanine, or a cysteine and a tryptophan, at the N-terminus of the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof; andwherein the first polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding an N-terminal portion of an intein, which is linked to the C-terminus of the sequence encoding the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof; andwherein the second polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding a C-terminal portion of an intein, which is linked to the N-terminus of the sequence encoding the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof; andwherein the N-terminal portion of the intein and the C-terminal portion of the intein forms a full-length intein.In some embodiments, the intein is selected from Mxe-GyrA, Npu, Ssp-DnaB, Ssp-GyrB and Rma. In some embodiments, the intein is Rma.In some embodiments of the composition described herein, at least one of the polynucleotides comprises a guide RNA or a sequence encoding thereof.In some embodiments of the composition described herein, at least one of the polynucleotides comprises a sequence encoding a protein with enzymatic activity. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a reverse transcriptase or a functional fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the reverse transcriptase is a Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (MMLV-RT) or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a cytidine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, an adenosine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, or a methylase or a functional fragment thereof.In some embodiments of the composition described herein, at least one of the vectors is AAV vector. In some embodiments of the composition described herein, the two vectors are both AAV vectors.In some embodiments of the composition described herein, the Cas9 protein or variant thereof is a Cas9 nickase (nCas9) . In some embodiments of the polynucleotide described herein, the Cas9 protein or variant thereof is a Cas9n-H840A (SEQ ID NO: 23) , an eSp-Cas9 (SEQ ID NO: 17) , a HiFi-Cas9 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a Lz3-Cas9 (SEQ ID NO: 19) , a SpCas9-NG (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a Sniper-Cas9 (SEQ ID NO: 21) , a SuperFiCas9 (SEQ ID NO: 22) , or a dCas9 (SEQ ID NO: 24) .In an aspect, the present disclosure provides a cell comprising the polynucleotide described herein.In some embodiments, the cell described herein comprises a first polynucleotide and a second polynucleotide,wherein the first polynucleotide a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the N-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof, or between the first and second amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; andwherein the second polynucleotide comprises a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the C-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; or a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the C-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the third and fourth amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; and wherein the sequence further encodes a cysteine and a phenylalanine, or a cysteine and a tryptophan, at the N-terminus of the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof.In some embodiments of the cell described herein, the first polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding an N-terminal portion of an intein, which is linked to the C-terminus of the sequence encoding the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof. In some embodiments, the intein is selected from Mxe GyrA, Npu, Ssp-DnaB, Ssp-GyrB and Rma. In some embodiments, the intein is Rma. In some embodiments, the first polynucleotide further comprises one or more guide RNA or a sequence encoding thereof. In some embodiments, at least one of the guide RNA comprises a reverse transcriptase template. In some embodiments, the first polynucleotide further comprises an RNA polymerase III promoter. In some embodiments, the RNA polymerase III promoter is a U6 promoter. In some embodiments, the first polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding a protein with enzymatic activity. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a reverse transcriptase or a functional fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the reverse transcriptase is a Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (MMLV-RT) or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a cytidine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, an adenosine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, or a methylase or a functional fragment thereof.In some embodiments of the cell described herein, the second polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding a C-terminal portion of an intein, which is linked to the N-terminus of the sequence encoding the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof. In some embodiments, the intein is selected from Mxe GyrA, Npu, Ssp-DnaB, Ssp-GyrB and Rma. In some embodiments, the intein is Rma. In some embodiments, the second polynucleotide further comprises one or more guide RNA or a sequence encoding thereof. In some embodiments, at least one of the guide RNA comprises a reverse transcriptase template. In some embodiments, the second polynucleotide further comprises an RNA polymerase III promoter. In some embodiments, the RNA polymerase III promoter is a U6 promoter. In some embodiments, the second polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding a protein with enzymatic activity. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a reverse transcriptase or a functional fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the reverse transcriptase is a Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (MMLV-RT) or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a cytidine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, an adenosine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, or a methylase or a functional fragment thereof.In some embodiments, the cell described herein comprises a first polynucleotide and a second polynucleotide,wherein the first polynucleotide comprises a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the N-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof, or between the first and second amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; andwherein the second polynucleotide comprises a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the C-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; or a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the C-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the third and fourth amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; and wherein the sequence further encodes a cysteine and a phenylalanine, or a cysteine and a tryptophan, at the N-terminus of the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof; andwherein the first polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding an N-terminal portion of an intein, which is linked to the C-terminus of the sequence encoding the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof; andwherein the second polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding a C-terminal portion of an intein, which is linked to the N-terminus of the sequence encoding the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof; andwherein the N-terminal portion of the intein and the C-terminal portion of the intein forms a full-length intein.In some embodiments, the intein is selected from Mxe-GyrA, Npu, Ssp-DnaB, Ssp-GyrB and Rma. In some embodiments, the intein is Rma.In some embodiments of the cell described herein, at least one of the polynucleotides comprises a guide RNA or a sequence encoding thereof. In some embodiments, the guide RNA is a pegRNA, which comprises a reverse transcriptase template. In some embodiments, at least one of the polynucleotides comprises a pegRNA and a sgRNA that targets the editing strand of the gene editing system and introduces a nick in the unedited strand, such as in PE3 system. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprising the guide RNA further comprises a U6 promoter. In some embodiments, the first polynucleotide comprises a pegRNA, the second polynucleotide comprises a sgRNA, and each polynucleotide further comprises a U6 promoter.In some embodiments of the cell described herein, at least one of the polynucleotides comprises a sequence encoding a protein with enzymatic activity. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a reverse transcriptase or a functional fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the reverse transcriptase is a Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (MMLV-RT) or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a cytidine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, an adenosine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, or a methylase or a functional fragment thereof.In an aspect, the present disclosure provides a cell comprising the vector described herein.In some embodiments, the cell described herein comprises a first vector comprising a first polynucleotide and a second vector comprising a second polynucleotide,wherein the first polynucleotide a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the N-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof, or between the first and second amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; andwherein the second polynucleotide comprises a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the C-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; or a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the C-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the third and fourth amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; and wherein the sequence further encodes a cysteine and a phenylalanine, or a cysteine and a tryptophan, at the N-terminus of the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof.In some embodiments of the cell described herein, the first polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding an N-terminal portion of an intein, which is linked to the C-terminus of the sequence encoding the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof. In some embodiments, the intein is selected from Mxe GyrA, Npu, Ssp-DnaB, Ssp-GyrB and Rma. In some embodiments, the intein is Rma. In some embodiments, the first polynucleotide further comprises one or more guide RNA or a sequence encoding thereof. In some embodiments, at least one of the guide RNA comprises a reverse transcriptase template. In some embodiments, the first polynucleotide further comprises an RNA polymerase III promoter. In some embodiments, the RNA polymerase III promoter is a U6 promoter. In some embodiments, the first polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding a protein with enzymatic activity. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a reverse transcriptase or a functional fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the reverse transcriptase is a Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (MMLV-RT) or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a cytidine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, an adenosine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, or a methylase or a functional fragment thereof.In some embodiments of the cell described herein, the second polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding a C-terminal portion of an intein, which is linked to the N-terminus of the sequence encoding the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof. In some embodiments, the intein is selected from Mxe GyrA, Npu, Ssp-DnaB, Ssp-GyrB and Rma. In some embodiments, the intein is Rma. In some embodiments, the second polynucleotide further comprises one or more guide RNA or a sequence encoding thereof. In some embodiments, at least one of the guide RNA comprises a reverse transcriptase template. In some embodiments, the second polynucleotide further comprises an RNA polymerase III promoter. In some embodiments, the RNA polymerase III promoter is a U6 promoter. In some embodiments, the second polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding a protein with enzymatic activity. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a reverse transcriptase or a functional fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the reverse transcriptase is a Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (MMLV-RT) or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a cytidine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, an adenosine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, or a methylase or a functional fragment thereof.In some embodiments, the cell described herein comprises a first vector comprising a first polynucleotide and a second vector comprising a second polynucleotide,wherein the first polynucleotide comprises a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the N-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof, or between the first and second amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; andwherein the second polynucleotide comprises a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the C-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; or a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the C-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the third and fourth amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; and wherein the sequence further encodes a cysteine and a phenylalanine, or a cysteine and a tryptophan, at the N-terminus of the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof; andwherein the first polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding an N-terminal portion of an intein, which is linked to the C-terminus of the sequence encoding the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof; andwherein the second polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding a C-terminal portion of an intein, which is linked to the N-terminus of the sequence encoding the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof; andwherein the N-terminal portion of the intein and the C-terminal portion of the intein forms a full-length intein.In some embodiments, the intein is selected from Mxe-GyrA, Npu, Ssp-DnaB, Ssp-GyrB and Rma. In some embodiments, the intein is Rma.In some embodiments of the cell described herein, at least one of the polynucleotides comprises a guide RNA or a sequence encoding thereof. In some embodiments, the guide RNA is a pegRNA, which comprises a reverse transcriptase template. In some embodiments, at least one of the polynucleotides comprises a pegRNA and a sgRNA that targets the editing strand of the gene editing system and introduces a nick in the unedited strand, such as in PE3 system. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprising the guide RNA further comprises a U6 promoter. In some embodiments, the first polynucleotide comprises a pegRNA, the second polynucleotide comprises a sgRNA, and each polynucleotide further comprises a U6 promoter.In some embodiments of the cell described herein, at least one of the polynucleotides comprises a sequence encoding a protein with enzymatic activity. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a reverse transcriptase or a functional fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the reverse transcriptase is a Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (MMLV-RT) or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a cytidine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, an adenosine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, or a methylase or a functional fragment thereof.In some embodiments of the cell described herein, at least one of the vectors is AAV vector. In some embodiments of the composition described herein, the two vectors are both AAV vectors.In some embodiments of the cell described herein, the Cas9 protein or variant thereof is a Cas9 nickase (nCas9) . In some embodiments of the polynucleotide described herein, the Cas9 protein or variant thereof is a Cas9n-H840A (SEQ ID NO: 23) , an eSp-Cas9 (SEQ ID NO: 17) , a HiFi-Cas9 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a Lz3-Cas9 (SEQ ID NO: 19) , a SpCas9-NG (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a Sniper-Cas9 (SEQ ID NO: 21) , a SuperFiCas9 (SEQ ID NO: 22) , or a dCas9 (SEQ ID NO: 24) .In an aspect, the present disclosure provides a kit comprising the polynucleotide described herein.In some embodiments, the kit described herein comprises a first polynucleotide and a second polynucleotide,wherein the first polynucleotide a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the N-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof, or between the first and second amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; andwherein the second polynucleotide comprises a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the C-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; or a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the C-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the third and fourth amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; and wherein the sequence further encodes a cysteine and a phenylalanine, or a cysteine and a tryptophan, at the N-terminus of the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof.In some embodiments of the kit described herein, the first polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding an N-terminal portion of an intein, which is linked to the C-terminus of the sequence encoding the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof. In some embodiments, the intein is selected from Mxe GyrA, Npu, Ssp-DnaB, Ssp-GyrB and Rma. In some embodiments, the intein is Rma. In some embodiments, the first polynucleotide further comprises one or more guide RNA or a sequence encoding thereof. In some embodiments, at least one of the guide RNA comprises a reverse transcriptase template. In some embodiments, the first polynucleotide further comprises an RNA polymerase III promoter. In some embodiments, the RNA polymerase III promoter is a U6 promoter. In some embodiments, the first polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding a protein with enzymatic activity. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a reverse transcriptase or a functional fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the reverse transcriptase is a Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (MMLV-RT) or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a cytidine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, an adenosine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, or a methylase or a functional fragment thereof.In some embodiments of the kit described herein, the second polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding a C-terminal portion of an intein, which is linked to the N-terminus of the sequence encoding the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof. In some embodiments, the intein is selected from Mxe GyrA, Npu, Ssp-DnaB, Ssp-GyrB and Rma. In some embodiments, the intein is Rma. In some embodiments, the second polynucleotide further comprises one or more guide RNA or a sequence encoding thereof. In some embodiments, at least one of the guide RNA comprises a reverse transcriptase template. In some embodiments, the second polynucleotide further comprises an RNA polymerase III promoter. In some embodiments, the RNA polymerase III promoter is a U6 promoter. In some embodiments, the second polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding a protein with enzymatic activity. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a reverse transcriptase or a functional fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the reverse transcriptase is a Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (MMLV-RT) or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a cytidine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, an adenosine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, or a methylase or a functional fragment thereof.In some embodiments, the kit described herein comprises a first polynucleotide and a second polynucleotide,wherein the first polynucleotide comprises a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the N-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof, or between the first and second amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; andwherein the second polynucleotide comprises a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the C-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; or a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the C-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the third and fourth amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; and wherein the sequence further encodes a cysteine and a phenylalanine, or a cysteine and a tryptophan, at the N-terminus of the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof; andwherein the first polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding an N-terminal portion of an intein, which is linked to the C-terminus of the sequence encoding the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof; andwherein the second polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding a C-terminal portion of an intein, which is linked to the N-terminus of the sequence encoding the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof; andwherein the N-terminal portion of the intein and the C-terminal portion of the intein forms a full-length intein.In some embodiments, the intein is selected from Mxe-GyrA, Npu, Ssp-DnaB, Ssp-GyrB and Rma. In some embodiments, the intein is Rma.In some embodiments of the kit described herein, at least one of the polynucleotides comprises a guide RNA or a sequence encoding thereof. In some embodiments, the guide RNA is a pegRNA, which comprises a reverse transcriptase template. In some embodiments, at least one of the polynucleotides comprises a pegRNA and a sgRNA that targets the editing strand of the gene editing system and introduces a nick in the unedited strand, such as in PE3 system. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprising the guide RNA further comprises a U6 promoter. In some embodiments, the first polynucleotide comprises a pegRNA, the second polynucleotide comprises a sgRNA, and each polynucleotide further comprises a U6 promoter.In some embodiments of the kit described herein, at least one of the polynucleotides comprises a sequence encoding a protein with enzymatic activity. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a reverse transcriptase or a functional fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the reverse transcriptase is a Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (MMLV-RT) or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a cytidine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, an adenosine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, or a methylase or a functional fragment thereof.In an aspect, the present disclosure provides a kit comprising the vector described herein.In some embodiments, the kit described herein comprises a first vector comprising a first polynucleotide and a second vector comprising a second polynucleotide,wherein the first polynucleotide a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the N-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof, or between the first and second amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; andwherein the second polynucleotide comprises a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the C-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; or a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the C-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the third and fourth amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; and wherein the sequence further encodes a cysteine and a phenylalanine, or a cysteine and a tryptophan, at the N-terminus of the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof.In some embodiments of the kit described herein, the first polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding an N-terminal portion of an intein, which is linked to the C-terminus of the sequence encoding the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof. In some embodiments, the intein is selected from Mxe GyrA, Npu, Ssp-DnaB, Ssp-GyrB and Rma. In some embodiments, the intein is Rma. In some embodiments, the first polynucleotide further comprises one or more guide RNA or a sequence encoding thereof. In some embodiments, at least one of the guide RNA comprises a reverse transcriptase template. In some embodiments, the first polynucleotide further comprises an RNA polymerase III promoter. In some embodiments, the RNA polymerase III promoter is a U6 promoter. In some embodiments, the first polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding a protein with enzymatic activity. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a reverse transcriptase or a functional fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the reverse transcriptase is a Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (MMLV-RT) or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a cytidine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, an adenosine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, or a methylase or a functional fragment thereof.In some embodiments of the kit described herein, the second polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding a C-terminal portion of an intein, which is linked to the N-terminus of the sequence encoding the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof. In some embodiments, the intein is selected from Mxe GyrA, Npu, Ssp-DnaB, Ssp-GyrB and Rma. In some embodiments, the intein is Rma. In some embodiments, the second polynucleotide further comprises one or more guide RNA or a sequence encoding thereof. In some embodiments, at least one of the guide RNA comprises a reverse transcriptase template. In some embodiments, the second polynucleotide further comprises an RNA polymerase III promoter. In some embodiments, the RNA polymerase III promoter is a U6 promoter. In some embodiments, the second polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding a protein with enzymatic activity. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a reverse transcriptase or a functional fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the reverse transcriptase is a Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (MMLV-RT) or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a cytidine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, an adenosine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, or a methylase or a functional fragment thereof.In some embodiments, the kit described herein comprises a first vector comprising a first polynucleotide and a second vector comprising a second polynucleotide,wherein the first polynucleotide comprises a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the N-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof, or between the first and second amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; andwherein the second polynucleotide comprises a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the C-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; or a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the C-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the third and fourth amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; and wherein the sequence further encodes a cysteine and a phenylalanine, or a cysteine and a tryptophan, at the N-terminus of the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof; andwherein the first polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding an N-terminal portion of an intein, which is linked to the C-terminus of the sequence encoding the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof; andwherein the second polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding a C-terminal portion of an intein, which is linked to the N-terminus of the sequence encoding the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof; andwherein the N-terminal portion of the intein and the C-terminal portion of the intein forms a full-length intein.In some embodiments, the intein is selected from Mxe-GyrA, Npu, Ssp-DnaB, Ssp-GyrB and Rma. In some embodiments, the intein is Rma.In some embodiments of the kit described herein, at least one of the polynucleotides comprises a guide RNA or a sequence encoding thereof. In some embodiments, the guide RNA is a pegRNA, which comprises a reverse transcriptase template. In some embodiments, at least one of the polynucleotides comprises a pegRNA and a sgRNA that targets the editing strand of the gene editing system and introduces a nick in the unedited strand, such as in PE3 system. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprising the guide RNA further comprises a U6 promoter. In some embodiments, the first polynucleotide comprises a pegRNA, the second polynucleotide comprises a sgRNA, and each polynucleotide further comprises a U6 promoter.In some embodiments of the kit described herein, at least one of the polynucleotides comprises a sequence encoding a protein with enzymatic activity. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a reverse transcriptase or a functional fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the reverse transcriptase is a Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (MMLV-RT) or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a cytidine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, an adenosine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, or a methylase or a functional fragment thereof.In some embodiments of the kit described herein, at least one of the vectors is AAV vector. In some embodiments of the composition described herein, the two vectors are both AAV vectors.In some embodiments of the kit described herein, the Cas9 protein or variant thereof is a Cas9 nickase (nCas9) . In some embodiments of the polynucleotide described herein, the Cas9 protein or variant thereof is a Cas9n-H840A (SEQ ID NO: 23) , an eSp-Cas9 (SEQ ID NO: 17) , a HiFi-Cas9 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a Lz3-Cas9 (SEQ ID NO: 19) , a SpCas9-NG (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a Sniper-Cas9 (SEQ ID NO: 21) , a SuperFiCas9 (SEQ ID NO: 22) , or a dCas9 (SEQ ID NO: 24) .In an aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for altering a target nucleic acid in a cell comprising delivering the composition or kit described herein into the cell.In an aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for altering a target nucleic acid in a cell comprising:providing to the cell a first polynucleotide encoding an N-terminal portion of a Cas9 protein or variant thereof,providing to the cell a second polynucleotide encoding the rest C-terminal portion of the Cas9 protein or variant thereof,providing to the cell a guide RNA comprising a spacer sequence which is complementary to the target nucleic acid,wherein the cell is capable of carrying out RNA trans-splicing and / or intein-mediated protein trans-splicing, and wherein the cell expresses the Cas9 protein or variant thereof in full; and wherein the split site is located between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; or wherein the split site is located between the first and second amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof, and the first two amino acids at the N-terminus of the second polynucleotide are replaced with a cysteine and a phenylalanine, or a cysteine and a tryptophan.In some embodiments of the method described herein, the first polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding an N-terminal portion of an intein, which is linked to the C-terminus of the sequence encoding the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, and wherein the second polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding the rest C-terminal portion of the intein, which is linked to the N-terminus of the sequence encoding the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof. In some embodiments, the intein is selected from Mxe GyrA, Npu, Ssp-DnaB, Ssp-GyrB and Rma.In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a cytidine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, an adenosine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, or a methylase or a functional fragment thereof.In some embodiments, at least one of the polynucleotides further comprises a guide RNA or a sequence encoding thereof. In some embodiments of the method described herein, the guide RNA further comprises a reverse transcriptase template.In some embodiments of the method described herein, the first polynucleotide is provided by a first vector, and the second polynucleotide is provided by a second vector.In some embodiments of the method described herein, the first and second vectors are viral vectors.In some embodiments of the method described herein, the viral vector is selected from adenovirus, lentivirus, and adeno-associated virus (AAV) .In some embodiments of the method described herein, the Cas9 protein or variant thereof is a Cas9 nickase (nCas9) . In some embodiments of the polynucleotide described herein, the Cas9 protein or variant thereof is a Cas9n-H840A (SEQ ID NO: 23) , an eSp-Cas9 (SEQ ID NO: 17) , a HiFi-Cas9 (SEQ ID NO: 18 or 98) , a Lz3-Cas9 (SEQ ID NO: 19 or 97) , a SpCas9-NG (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a Sniper-Cas9 (SEQ ID NO: 21 or 99) , a SuperFiCas9 (SEQ ID NO: 22 or 100) , a HypaCas9 (SEQ ID NO: 93) , a Cas9HF1 (SEQ ID NO: 94) , a evoCas9 (SEQ ID NO: 95) , a SpCas9 (SEQ ID NO: 96) , an eSpCas9 (1.1) (SEQ ID NO: 101) , a xCas9 (SEQ ID NO: 102) , a SpGCas9 (SEQ ID NO: 103) , a SpRYCas9 (SEQ ID NO: 104) , a Cas9-NG (SEQ ID NO: 105) , a Cas9-VRQR (SEQ ID NO: 106) , a Cas9-VRER (SEQ ID NO: 107) , or a dCas9 (SEQ ID NO: 24) .In some embodiments of the method described herein, the target nucleic acid is altered in vivo.In some embodiments, the method described herein is carried out in vivo.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGSFig. 1 is a schematic illustration of Split-PE. Fig. 1a shows 12 split sites 212-213, 269-270, 309-310, 367-368, 459-460, 554-555, 940-941, 959-960, 1023-1026, 1039-1040, 1087-1088, and 1115-1116. The numbers 212, 269, 309, 367, 459, 554, 940, 959, 1023, 1039, 1087, and 1115 refer to 212-213, 269-270, 309-310, 367-368, 459-460, 554-555, 940-941, 959-960, 1023-1026, 1039-1040, 1087-1088, and 1115-1116 split sites, respectively. For all figures, NLS refers to nuclear localization sequence; RuvC refers to endonuclease domain; BH refers to bridge helix; REC refers to recognition domain; HNH refers to His-Asn-His endonuclease domain; PI refers to protospacer-adjacent motif (PAM) -interacting domain; RT refers to reverse transcriptase (for example, M-MLV, an engineered Moloney murine leukemia virus (D200N+L603W+T330P+T306K+W313F) ) . Fig. 1b shows intein-mediated (Rma or Npu) protein trans-splicing to form a complete PE. For all figures, intein-C refers to the C-terminal portion of an intein, and intein-N refers to the rest N-terminal portion of the same intein.Fig. 2 are schematic diagrams of pegRNA design. (Fig. 2a) G→T single base substitution in the exon 3 region of the endogenous site EMX1. Among them, the PBS region is 15 nt, and the RT template is 13 nt; (Fig. 2b) G→A single base substitution in the endogenous site APP. Among them, the PBS region is 13 nt, and the RT template is 18 nt; (Fig. 2c) C→T single base substitution in the endogenous site CETP. Among them, the PBS region is 13 nt, and the RT template is 15 nt; (Fig. 2d) G→T single base substitution in the endogenous site VEGFA. Among them, the PBS region is 13 nt, and the RT template is 14 nt; (Fig. 2e) G→A single base substitution in the endogenous site ALDOB. Among them, the PBS region is 13 nt, and the RT template is 14 nt; (Fig. 2f) G→A single base substitution in the endogenous site SLC30A8. Among them, the PBS region is 13 nt, and the RT template is 15 nt; (Fig. 2g) C→T single base substitution in the endogenous site MECP2. Among them, the PBS region is 13 nt, and the RT template is 17 nt; (Fig. 2h) GTA three base insertion in the endogenous site RNF2. Among them, the PBS region is 15 nt, and the RT template is 17 nt; (Fig. 2i) CTT three base insertion in the endogenous site HEK3. Among them, the PBS region is 13 nt, and the RT template is 13 nt; (Fig. 2j) C single base insertion in the endogenous site ANGPTL3. Among them, the PBS region is 14 nt, and the RT template is 11 nt; (Fig. 2k) A single base insertion in the endogenous site TTR. Among them, the PBS region is 15 nt, and the RT template is 11 nt; (Fig. 2l) G→T single base substitution in the endogenous site FANCF. Among them, the PBS region is 14 nt, and the RT template is 17 nt. In each panel, the RT template was in marked bold, and the introduced edits at the RT template was highlighted in black and marked in white.Fig. 3 shows single-base substitution efficiency of double-plasmid transient transfection of Split-PE. Plasmids comprising Split-PE with different split sites were transfected into HEK293T cells, targeting exon 3 of EMX1 in the genome to achieve G→T single base substitution. The x-axis indicates the split site of the Split-PE used in the experiment and the intein used. They are Split-PE-Rma-1024 (control) , Split-PE-Rma-959, Split-PE-Rma-1039, Split-PE-Rma-1087, Split-PE-Rma-1115, Split-PE-Npu-1023-CF, Split-PE-Npu-1023-CW, Split-PE-Npu-1039-CF, and Split-PE-Npu-1039-CW, respectively. In all figures, Rma and Npu are two different inteins, and the number following refers to the split site. CF means that the first two amino acids at the N-terminus of the C-terminal part of the Split-PE are replaced with cysteine and phenylalanine; CW means that the first two amino acids at the N-terminus of the C-terminal part of the Split-PE are replaced with cysteine and Tryptophan. The y-axis represents the correct editing ratio or indel ratio obtained from the analysis of high-throughput sequencing results. Indels refer to the unintended base substitutions occurred at the EMX1 editing site, such as base insertion or deletion.Fig. 4 shows single-base substitution efficiency of dual-AAV transfection of Split-PE. HEK293T cells were transfected with AAV2 which were packed with Split-PE targeting exon 3 of EMX1 in the genome to achieve G→T single base substitution. The x-axis indicates the split site of the Split-PE used in the experiment and the intein used. They are Split-PE-Rma-1024 (control) , Split-PE-Rma-959, Split-PE-Rma-1039, Split-PE-Rma-1087, Split-PE-Rma-1115, Split-PE-Npu-1023-CF, Split-PE-Npu-1023-CW, Split-PE-Npu-1039-CF, and Split-PE-Npu-1039-CW, respectively. Rma and Npu are two different inteins, and the number following refers to the split site. CF means that the first two amino acids at the N-terminus of the C-terminal part of the Split-PE are replaced with cysteine and phenylalanine; CW means that the first two amino acids at the N-terminus of the C-terminal part of the Split-PE are replaced with cysteine and Tryptophan. The y-axis represents the correct editing ratio or indel ratio obtained from the analysis of high-throughput sequencing results. Indels refer to the unintended base substitutions occurred at the EMX1 editing site, such as base insertion or deletion.Fig. 5 is a flowchart of dual plasmid transient transfection of Split-PE into HEK293T cells. The two parts of Split-PE, Split-PE-N and Split-PE-C, were constructed into two inverted terminal repeat (ITR) -containing plasmids. HEK293T cells were revived 36 hours before transfection. Cells were seeded into 24-well plates 12 hours before transfection. After the cell density reached 60%-70%, the plasmid (3 ug) was transfected into the HEK293T cell line using Lipo3000, and the split-PE-N and Split-PE-C plasmids were added at a molar ratio of 1: 1. This was recorded as hour 0. Six hours after transfection, 500 uL of complete medium was added to each well. Continue to culture the cells until 72 hours after transfection, harvest the cells and extract genomic DNA for library sequencing analysis.Fig. 6 is a flowchart of dual AAV delivery of Split-PE into HEK293T cells. The two parts of Split-PE, Split-PE-N and Split-PE-C, were packed into two AAV2 virus particles. 36 hours before virus infection, HEK293T cells were revived. Twelve hours before virus infection, cells were seeded into 24-well plates. After the cell density reached 60%-70%, the cells were infected with AAV2 virus, and the infection ratio of the two viruses was 1: 1, with a total MOI=1×106. This was recorded as 0 hour. 24 hours after virus infection, 500 μL of complete medium was added to each well. Continue to culture the cells until 72 hours after infection, and replace each well with 1 mL of complete medium. The culture was continued until 168 hours after infection, and the cells were harvested and genomic DNA was extracted.Fig. 7 is a schematic illustration of the two ITR-containing plasmids comprising the Split-PE-N and Split-PE-C of Split-PE-Rma-1024. The PE2 editing tool is split into two parts, Split-PE-N and Split-PE-C, at the split site 1024-1025, and the intein used is Rma. Split-PE-Rma-1024 is the control group. For all figures, CMV and U6 are the promoters; WPRE refers to the woodchuck hepatitis virus post-transcriptional response element that enhances gene expression; and pegRNA refers to prime editor guide RNA. In Figs. 7-13 and 16, Split-PE-N comprises the N-terminal part of the Cas9 protein, and the Split-PE-C comprises the C-terminal part of the Cas9 protein, the linker, and the reverse transcriptase (RT-RNaseH) .Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram of the two ITR-containing plasmids comprising the Split-PE-N and Split-PE-C of Split-PE-Rma-959. The PE2 editing tool is split into two parts, Split-PE-N and Split-PE-C, at the split site 959-960, and the intein used is Rma.Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram of the two ITR-containing plasmids comprising the Split-PE-N and Split-PE-C of Split-PE-Rma-1039. The PE2 editing tool is split into two parts, Split-PE-N and Split-PE-C, at the split site 1039-1040, and the intein used is Rma.Fig. 10 is the schematic diagram of the two ITR-containing plasmids comprising the Split-PE-N and Split-PE-C of Split-PE-Rma-1087. The PE2 editing tool is split into two parts, Split-PE-N and Split-PE-C, at the split site 1087-1088, and the intein used is Rma.Fig. 11 is the schematic diagram of the two ITR-containing plasmids comprising the Split-PE-N and Split-PE-C of Split-PE-Rma-1115. The PE2 editing tool is split into two parts, Split-PE-N and Split-PE-C, at the split site 1115-1116, and the intein used is Rma.Fig. 12 is the schematic diagram of the two ITR-containing plasmids comprising the Split-PE-N and Split-PE-C of Split-PE-Npu-1023-CF. The PE2 editing tool is split into two parts, Split-PE-N and Split-PE-C, at the split site 1023-1026-CF, and the intein used is Npu.Fig. 13 is the schematic diagram of the two ITR-containing plasmids comprising the Split-PE-N and Split-PE-C of Split-PE-Npu-1023-CW. The PE2 editing tool is split into two parts, Split-PE-N and Split-PE-C, at the split site 1023-1026-CW, and the intein used is Npu.Fig. 14a shows single-base substitution efficiency of double-plasmid transient transfection of Split-PE. The plasmid containing Split-PE was transfected into HEK293T cells, targeting FANCF in the genome to achieve G→T single base substitution. The x-axis indicates the split site of the Split-PE used in the experiment and the intein used. The y-axis represents the correct editing ratio obtained from the analysis of high-throughput sequencing results. Indels refer to the unintended base substitutions occurred at the FANCF editing site, such as base insertion or deletion. Fig. 14b shows insertion efficiency of double-plasmid transient transfection of Split-PE. The plasmid containing Split-PE was transfected into HEK293T cells, targeting HEK3 genomic loci in the genome to insert CTT nucleotides. The x-axis indicates the split site of the Split-PE used in the experiment and the intein used. The y-axis represents the correct editing ratio obtained from the analysis of high-throughput sequencing results. Indels refer to the unintended insertions and deletions occurred at the HEK3 editing site.Fig. 15 shows single-base substitution efficiency of double-plasmid transient transfection of Split-PE. The plasmid containing Split-PE was transfected into HEK293T cells, targeting exon 3 of EMX1 in the genome to achieve G→T single base substitution. The x-axis indicates the split site of the Split-PE used in the experiment and the intein used. They are Split-PE-Rma-212, Split-PE-Rma-269, Split-PE-Rma-309, Split-PE-Rma-367, Split-PE-Rma-459, Split-PE-Rma-554, and Split-PE-Rma-940, respectively. The y-axis represents the correct editing ratio or indel ratio obtained from the analysis of high-throughput sequencing results. Indels refer to the unintended base substitutions occurred at the EMX1 editing site, such as base insertion or deletion.Fig. 16 is the schematic diagram of the ITR-containing plasmids comprising the Split-PE-N and Split-PE-C of Split-PE-Rma-1105. The PE2 editing tool is split into two parts, Split-PE-N and Split-PE-C, at the split site 1105-1106, and the intein used is Rma.Fig. 17 is the schematic diagram of the ITR-containing plasmids comprising the multiple segments of PE3-based Split-PE-Rma-212. The Cas9H840A is split at the split site 212-213, and the intein used is Rma. The U6 promoter drives transcription of the epegRNA and the gRNA (for nicking purpose) . The epegRNA and the gRNA are linked by a tRNA at the DNA level, which will be processed by endogenous tRNA processing enzymes and released the gRNA and the epegRNA as two separate molecules. A 2A peptide (P2A) links the truncated Cas9 protein (Cas9H840A-N terminal (1-212) ) and the reverse transcriptase (RT-RNaseH) .Fig. 18 is the schematic diagram of the ITR-containing plasmids comprising the multiple segments of PE3-based Split-PE-Rma-269. The Cas9H840A is split at the split site 269-270, and the intein used is Rma. The U6 promoter drives transcription of the epegRNA and the gRNA (for nicking purpose) . The epegRNA and the gRNA are linked by a tRNA at the DNA level, which will be processed by endogenous tRNA processing enzymes and released the gRNA and the epegRNA as two separate molecules. A 2A peptide (P2A) links the truncated Cas9 protein (Cas9H840A-N terminal (1-269) ) and the reverse transcriptase (RT-RNaseH) .Fig. 19 is the schematic diagram of the ITR-containing plasmids comprising the multiple segments of PE3-based Split-PE-Rma-309. The Cas9H840A is split at the split site 309-310, and the intein used is Rma. The transcription of the epegRNA and the guide RNA are driven by the two U6 promoters. A 2A peptide (P2A) links the truncated Cas9 protein (Cas9H840A-N terminal (1-309) ) and the reverse transcriptase (RT-RNaseH) .Fig. 20 is the schematic diagram of the ITR-containing plasmids comprising the multiple segments of PE3-based Split-PE-Rma-367. The Cas9H840A is split at the split site 367-368, and the intein used is Rma. The transcription of the epegRNA and the guide RNA are driven by the two U6 promoters. A 2A peptide (P2A) links the truncated Cas9 protein (Cas9H840A-N terminal (1-367) ) and the reverse transcriptase (RT-RNaseH) .Fig. 21 is the schematic diagram of the ITR-containing plasmids comprising the multiple segments of PE3-based Split-PE-Rma-459. The Cas9H840A is split at the split site 459-460, and the intein used is Rma. The epegRNA and the gRNA are linked by a tRNA at the DNA level, which will be processed by endogenous tRNA processing enzymes and released the gRNA and the epegRNA as two separate molecules. A 2A peptide (P2A) links the truncated Cas9 protein (Cas9H840A-N terminal (1-459) ) and the reverse transcriptase (RT-RNaseH) .Fig. 22 is the schematic diagram of the ITR-containing plasmids comprising the multiple segments of PE3-based Split-PE-Rma-554. The Cas9H840A is split at the split site 554-555, and the intein used is Rma. The epegRNA and the gRNA are linked by a tRNA at the DNA level, which will be processed by endogenous tRNA processing enzymes and released the gRNA and the epegRNA as two separate molecules. A 2A peptide (P2A) links the truncated Cas9 protein (Cas9H840A-N terminal (1-554) ) and the reverse transcriptase (RT-RNaseH) .Fig. 23 is the schematic diagram of the ITR-containing plasmids comprising the multiple segments of PE3-based Split-PE-Rma-940. The Cas9H840A is split at the split site 940-941, and the intein used is Rma. The transcription of the epegRNA and the guide RNA are driven by the two U6 promoters.Fig. 24 is a multiple-sequence alignment of various Cas9n variants, marked by the twelve split-sites reported in this application. Each vertical line indicated one split site, from which the sequences before the vertical line composed the Cas9n-N part, the sequences after the vertical line composed the Cas9n-C part. The 12 split sites marked in Fig. 24 are (1) 212-213 (IL*SA) , (2) 269-270 (KD*TY) , (3) 309-310 (VN*TE) , (4) 367-368 (GA*SQ) , (5) 459-460 (GN*SR) , (6) 554-555 (FK*TN) , (7) 940-941 (MN*TK) , (8) 959-960 (LK*SK) , (9) 1023-1026 (A*KSE) , (10) 1039-1040 (FY*SN) , (11) 1087-1088 (VL*SM) , (12) 1115-1116 (RN*SD) . ( “*” corresponds to the location of the vertical line, indicating split site) . The sequence of each Cas9n variant in Fig. 24 from top to the bottom is respectively: SEQ ID NO: 93 (HypaCas9) , SEQ ID NO: 94 (Cas9HF1) , SEQ ID NO: 95 (evoCas9) , SEQ ID NO: 96 (SpCas9) , SEQ ID NO: 97 (LZ3 Cas9) , SEQ ID NO: 98 (HiFi Cas9) , SEQ ID NO: 99 (Sniper-Cas9) , SEQ ID NO: 100 (SuperFi-Cas9) , SEQ ID NO: 101 (eSpCas9 (1.1) ) , SEQ ID NO: 102 (xCas9) , SEQ ID NO: 103 (SpGCas9) , SEQ ID NO: 104 (SpRYCas9) , SEQ ID NO: 105 (Cas9-NG) , SEQ ID NO: 106 (Cas9-VRQR) , and SEQ ID NO: 107 (Cas9-VRER) .Fig. 25 shows single-base substitution efficiency of double-plasmid transient transfection of Split-ePE3 at APP, CETP, VEGFA, ALDOB, SLC30A8, MECP2, and FANCF.Fig. 26 shows insertion efficiency of double-plasmid transient transfection of Split-ePE3. At RNF2, HEK3, ANGPTL3, and TTR.Fig. 27 is the schematic diagram of the two ITR-containing plasmids comprising the Split-PE-N and Split-PE-C of Split-PE-Npu-1024. The PE3 editing tool is split into two parts, Split-PE-N and Split-PE-C, at the split site 1024-1028-CFN, and the intein used is Npu.Fig. 28 is the schematic diagram of the ITR-containing plasmids comprising the multiple segments of PE3-based Split-PE-Rma-1024. The Cas9H840A is split at the split site 1024-1025, and the intein used is Rma. The transcription of the pegRNA and the guide RNA are driven by the two U6 promoters.Fig. 29 is the schematic diagram of the ITR-containing plasmids comprising the multiple segments of PE3-based Split-PE-Rma-1105. The Cas9H840A is split at the split site 1105-1106, and the intein used is Rma. The transcription of the pegRNA and the guide RNA are driven by the two U6 promoters.Fig. 30 is the schematic diagram of the ITR-containing plasmids comprising the multiple segments of PE3-based Split-PE-Rma-1115. The Cas9H840A is split at the split site 1115-1116, and the intein used is Rma. The transcription of the pegRNA and the guide RNA are driven by the two U6 promoters.DETAILED DESCRIPTIONDefinitionsAll publications cited in this specification are herein incorporated by reference as though fully set forth. If certain content of a reference cited herein contradicts or is inconsistent with the present disclosure, the present disclosure controls.For the purposes of promoting an understanding of the principles of the present disclosure, reference will now be made to the embodiments illustrated in the drawings, and specific language will be used to describe the same. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of this disclosure is thereby intended.In the present disclosure, unless otherwise specified, the scientific and technical terms used herein have the meanings generally understood by a person skilled in the art. Although any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein find use in the practice of the present disclosure, the preferred methods and materials are described herein. Accordingly, the terms defined herein are more fully described by reference to the Specification as a whole.As used herein, the singular terms “a, ” “an, ” and “the” include the plural reference unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.Unless otherwise indicated, nucleic acids are written left to right in the 5' to 3' orientation; and amino acid sequences are written left to right in amino to carboxy orientation, respectively.It is to be understood that this disclosure is not limited to the particular methodology, protocols, and reagents described, as these may vary, depending upon the context in which they are used by those of skills in the art.Unless the context requires otherwise, the terms “comprise, ” “comprises, ” and “comprising, ” or similar terms are intended to mean a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a recited list of elements or features does not include those stated or listed elements solely, but may include other elements or features that are not listed or stated.Polynucleotide sequences can be aligned using a standardized algorithm. Such an algorithm may insert, in a standardized and reproducible way, gaps in the sequences being compared in order to optimize alignment between two sequences, and therefore achieve a more meaningful comparison of the two sequences. A suite of commonly used and freely available sequence comparison algorithms is provided by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) (Altschul, S. F. et al. (1990) J. Mol. Biol. 215: 403-410) , which is available from several sources, including the NCBI, Bethesda, Md., and on the Internet at http: / / www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov / BLAST / .As used herein, the term “variant” refers to varied form of a subject, which includes wild-type forms, naturally occurring forms, or artificially mutant forms. In some embodiments, the variant has the same or similar function of the original subject.As used herein, the term “truncated” “truncate” or “truncation” in the context of protein means that at least one amino acid is removed from the protein from the N-terminus and / or the C-terminus. In some embodiments, a truncated protein can be added additional amino acids at the site of truncation.As used herein, the term “full-length” protein refers to the original form of a protein or a protein variant. A protein or protein variant without truncation is a full-length protein.As used herein, in some embodiments, protein split site is written as “n-m” , wherein n and m are each integer. A “split site n-m” means that the protein is split at a location between amino acid No. n and No. m (counting from N-terminus to C-terminus) . In most embodiments, m-n=1, and in such cases, the protein is split between amino acid No. n and No. m. In some embodiments, m-n>1. In such cases, the protein is split between amino acid No. n and No. n+1, and at least one of the amino acids from No. n+1 to No. m-1 is removed or substituted with another amino acid, preferably Cys. For example, a split site 1115-1116 means that the protein is split between amino acid No. 1115 and No. 1116. For example, a split site 1023-1026 means that the protein is split between amino acid No. 1023 and No. 1024, and at least one of amino acid No. 1024 and No. 1025 is removed or substituted with another amino acid. For example, a split site 1023-1026-CF means that the protein is split between amino acid No. 1023 and No. 1024, and amino acid No. 1024 and No. 1025 are substituted with cysteine and phenylalanine.In some embodiments, protein split site is described with the reference of a short sequence fragment in the protein. For example, in some embodiments, the split site is “between the second and the third amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 1 in the protein. ” The split site can be identified by first locating the sequence fragment (in the example, SEQ ID NO: 1 is “ILSA” ) in the amino acid sequence of the protein, and then locating the second and the third amino acid in the sequence (which is L and S in the example) . Depends on the amino acid sequence of the protein, the amino acid number of the split site may vary. For example, when the protein is eSp-Cas9 of SEQ ID NO: 17, the split site described in the example above can also be written as 212-213.As used herein, “split prime editor” or “Split-PE” refers to a modified version of primer editor (PE) , wherein the Cas9 protein and / or the reverse transcriptase (RT, or RTase) are provided as multiple segments into the cell. In some embodiments, each segment is designed to accommodate the delivery capacity of delivery tools, e.g., AAV vector. After delivering into the cell, the segments can further assemble into a functional prime editor. The prime editor in Split-PE can be any versions of PE, e.g., PE1, PE2, PE3, or PE4. In some embodiments of the prime editor, the Cas9 protein is linked to the RTase via a linker. In some embodiments of the prime editor, the Cas9 protein is fused with the RTase. In some embodiments, the Cas9 protein is separate from the RTase. In some embodiments, the Cas9 protein is a Cas9 nickase (nCas9) or a variant thereof.Delivery of gene editing system in splitViral vector is a widely used delivery vehicle in gene therapy. Commonly used viral vectors includes, but not limited to, adenovirus, lentivirus, adeno-associated virus (AAV) . AAV has relatively low immunogenicity and can be injected to the target site. Thus, it is a safe and effective delivery vehicle, and has been widely used clinically for gene therapy.AAV is a non-enveloped virus that can be engineered to deliver DNA to target cells. AAV is a protein shell surrounding and protecting a small, single-stranded DNA genome of approximately 4.8 kilobases (kb) . AAV belongs to the parvovirus family and is dependent on co-infection with other viruses, mainly adenoviruses, in order to replicate. Its single-stranded genome contains three genes, Rep (Replication) , Cap (Capsid) , and aap (Assembly) . These three genes give rise to at least nine gene products through the use of three promoters, alternative translation start sites, and differential splicing. These coding sequences are flanked by inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) that are required for genome replication and packaging. The Rep gene encodes four proteins (Rep78, Rep68, Rep52, and Rep40) , which are required for viral genome replication and packaging, while Cap expression gives rise to the viral capsid proteins (VP; VP1 / VP2 / VP3) , which form the outer capsid shell that protects the viral genome, as well as being actively involved in cell binding and internalization. It is estimated that the viral coat is comprised of 60 proteins arranged into an icosahedral structure with the capsid proteins in a molar ratio of 1: 1: 10 (VP1: VP2: VP3) . The aap gene encodes the assembly-activating protein (AAP) in an alternate reading frame overlapping the cap gene. This nuclear protein is thought to provide a scaffolding function for capsid assembly. While AAP is essential for nucleolar localization of VP proteins and capsid assembly in AAV2, the subnuclear localization of AAP varies among 11 other serotypes recently examined, and is nonessential in AAV4, AAV5, and AAV11. Recombinant AAV (rAAV) , which lacks viral DNA, is essentially a protein-based nanoparticle engineered to traverse the cell membrane, where it can ultimately traffic and deliver its DNA cargo into the nucleus of a cell. In the absence of Rep proteins, ITR-flanked transgenes encoded within rAAV can form circular concatemers that persist as episomes in the nucleus of transduced cells. Because recombinant episomal DNA does not integrate into host genomes, it will eventually be diluted over time as the cell undergoes repeated rounds of replication. This will eventually result in the loss of the transgene and transgene expression, with the rate of transgene loss dependent on the turnover rate of the transduced cell. These characteristics make rAAV ideal for certain gene therapy applications.Eleven serotypes of AAV have thus far been identified, with the best characterized and most commonly used being AAV2. These serotypes differ in their tropism, or the types of cells they infect, making AAV a very useful system for preferentially transducing specific cell types. Table 1 is a summary of the tropism of AAV serotypes, indicating the optimal serotype (s) for transduction of a given organ.Table 1In some embodiments, the AAV used herein is a self-complementary AAV (scAAV) . Because the virus depends on the cell’s DNA replication machinery to synthesize the complementary strand, transgene expression may be delayed. To overcome this rate-limiting step, scAAV contains complementary sequences that are capable of spontaneously annealing, upon infection, which eliminates the requirement for host cell DNA synthesis.The main point of consideration in the rational design of an rAAV vector is the packaging size of the expression cassette that will be placed between the two ITRs. It is generally accepted that anything under 5 kb (including the viral ITRs) is sufficient. Attempts at generating rAAV vectors exceeding packaging cassettes in excess of 5 kb results in a considerable reduction in viral production yields or transgene recombination (truncations) . As a result, large coding sequences, such as a PE system or BE system, will not be effectively packaged in a single AAV vector.The present disclosure provides compositions and methods for delivering gene editing systems, such as PE and BE, into cells in split. In some embodiments, the gene editing system is split into two parts, and packed into two vectors, such as two AAV vectors. After transfecting the cells with the two vectors, the two parts can be recombined into one complete mRNA or protein by RNA trans-splicing or intein-mediated trans-splicing, and then functioning in gene editing. In some embodiments, the gene editing system is split into more than two parts, for example, 3, 4, 5, or 6 parts.RNA trans-splicing is the precise joining of RNA exons from two discontiguous primary transcripts. Separate RNA precursor molecules contribute different portions of the mature mRNA, which are attached through spliceosome-directed processing. This is distinct from normal, or cis-, splicing, in which the exons that are joined originate from the same primary transcript. There are two main categories of spliceosomal trans-splicing: genic trans-splicing and spliced leader (SL) trans-splicing. Genic trans-splicing results in portions of two different RNA transcripts joined together at splice sites. These exons may originate from different pre-mRNAs of the same gene or from transcripts of different genes or intergenic regions, even including those transcribed from different chromosomes. In SL trans-splicing, a short exon is donated from the 5’ end of a specialized longer RNA molecule and connected at or near the 5’ end of a messenger RNA, thus becoming the first exon of that message. The SL exons can be joined to a number of different pre-mRNAs, and consequently produce mature mRNAs containing a common sequence on the 5’ end of a variety of disparate transcripts. Both SL trans-splicing and genic trans-splicing utilize the basic machineries of the major spliceosome, the dynamic, large RNA / protein complex that carries out cis-splicing, or intron removal. In cis-splicing, two exons of the same pre-mRNA transcript are precisely joined together through the coordinated recognition and pairing of a 5’ (donor) and a 3’ (acceptor) splice site and the removal of the intronic RNA sequence between them. The spliceosomal snRNPs, along with numerous accessory factors, recognize sequences defining the splice site boundaries on the pre-mRNA, and catalyze the two trans-esterification reactions.An intein is an internal protein domain with self-catalytic activity that can catalyze the self-splicing of two parts of a polypeptide, thereby generating a full-length functional protein after translation. Intein-mediated protein trans-splicing has higher efficiency than RNA trans-splicing, thus allowing for more efficient in vivo gene editing. Commonly used intein includes, but not limited to, the Rma originated from Rhodothermus marinus DnaB, and the Npu originated from Nostoc punctiforme.Inteins are genetic elements present in unicellular organisms, transcribed and translated as an internal polypeptide segment within a host protein. Post-translationally, they mediate their self-excision from the precursor protein, without leaving amino acid modifications in the final protein product. Protein splicing mediated by inteins does not require energy supply, exogenous host-specific proteases, or cofactors. Intein activity is context dependent, with certain peptide sequences surrounding their ligation junction (called N-and C-exteins) that are required for efficient trans-splicing to occur, of which the most important is an amino acid containing a thiol or hydroxyl group (Cys, Ser, or Thr) as first residue in the C-extein. Split inteins are a subset of inteins that are expressed as two separate polypeptides at the ends of two host proteins and catalyze their trans-splicing, resulting in the generation of a single larger polypeptide. Inteins, including split inteins, are widely used in biotechnological applications that include protein purification and labeling steps, as well as the reconstitution of the widely used clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) –Cas9 genome editing nuclease.Different combinations of inteins and split sites enable efficient AAV delivery and gene editing in cell lines or mice. Prior studies reported several split sites in PE or BE, such as 573-574, 637-638, 674-675, 684-685, 729-730, 739-740, 1005-1006, or 1024-1025 of Cas9n or dCas9. But the gene editing systems delivered according to these splitting sites show low editing efficiency and cannot be further applied to clinical therapy.The present disclosure provides multiple new split sites and split site combination. In some embodiments, the split site is between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 and 12 in a Cas9 protein or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, the split site is between the first and the second amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11. In some embodiments, the split site is between the first and the second amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11 and the first two amino acids at the N-terminus of the C-terminal part of the split Cas9 protein are replaced with a cysteine and a phenylalanine, or a cysteine and a tryptophan. In some embodiments, the split site is any one of 212-213, 269-270, 309-310, 367-368, 459-460, 554-555, 940-941, 959-960, 1039-1040, 1023-1026, 1087-1088, and 1115-1116 in a Cas 9 protein or a variant thereof. The present disclosure also discloses multiple new combinations of split site and intein. In some embodiments, the Cas9 protein or variant thereof is split at more than one split site, wherein at least one of the split sites is the new split site disclosed herein. Experiments show that, delivery of a split-PE system with the identified split site achieved higher editing efficiency. For example, the split-PE system was tested at the EMX1 gene. The experiments show that split-PE achieved accurate base substitution at EMX1 gene in the cell when delivered by either plasmid or dual AAV. Compared to the previously reported split site 1024-1025 (Split-PE-Rma-1024, control) , when delivered by dual AAV, the split site 1115-1116 (Split-PE-RmA-1115) first discovered by the present disclosure achieved a 5.8-fold higher editing efficiency, which is equal to the editing efficiency of a complete PE.In addition, the combination of split sites and inteins disclosed in this disclosure can be applied to other optimized versions of PE such as PE3, PE4, PE5, and shortened PE in order to enhance editing efficiency.The novel split sites and novel combination of split sites and inteins can be applied to Cas proteins with high sequence homology with the wild-type Cas9 protein. Homology can be evaluated by aligning the two amino acids sequences using algorithms provided by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) (Altschul, S. F. et al. (1990) J. Mol. Biol. 215: 403-410) . After aligning the sequences, a person skilled in the art would be able to identify the split site in the Cas protein of interest corresponding to the split sites disclosed herein. For example, the amino acids around the split site usually are the same or similar. For example, the amino acid right after the split site is usually serine or threonine.In some embodiments, the Cas9 protein can be replaced by other types of Cas proteins, such as Cas proteins from Type V and VI families. For example, the described split sites and their applications are applicable to Cas 13 proteins.In some embodiments, the split sites and / or combination thereof are applied to PE systems. In some embodiments, the PE system is a PE1 or PE2 system, which comprises a Cas9 protein, a reverse transcriptase, and a prime editor guide RNA (pegRNA) . In some embodiments, the PE system is a PE3 system, which comprises a Cas9 protein, a reverse transcriptase, a pegRNA, and a single guide RNA (sgRNA) . The sgRNA targets the editing strand of the prime editor and introduces a nick in the unedited strand, thus increasing the editing efficiency. In some embodiments, the pegRNA in the PE system is an engineered pegRNA (epegRNA) , which comprises a stabilizing structure at its 3’ -end, such as a modified prequeosine1-1 riboswitch aptamer20, 21, (evopreQ1) or the frameshifting pseudoknot from Moloney murine leukemia virus (mpknot) . (Nelson et al., 2021) . A PE system comprising an epegRNA is sometimes referred to as “ePE” .In some embodiments, the PE system comprises a whole primer editor protein consisting of a Cas9 protein fused to a reverse transcriptase or linked to a reverse transcriptase by a linker. In order to fit into the vectors, such as the AAV vectors, the prime editor protein can be split into smaller parts at the split sites located within the Cas9 protein as described herein.In some embodiments of the PE system, the reverse transcriptase is untethered to the Cas9 protein. (Liu et al., 2002) In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the reverse transcriptase and a sequence encoding the Cas9 protein (or a truncated Cas9 protein) are connected by a sequence encoding a 2A peptide (P2A) , thus the reverse transcriptase and the Cas9 protein (or a truncated Cas9 protein) are expressed as two separate proteins. The inclusion of the 2A peptide allows a more flexible arrangement of the Cas9 protein (in whole or in part) and the reverse transcriptase. For example, in some embodiments of the split-PE system, the reverse transcriptase is not located at the 3’ -end of the Cas9 protein, or the C-terminal part of the Cas9 protein. Instead, the reverse transcriptase can be placed together with the N-terminal part of the Cas9 protein, with a 2A peptide in between. This flexible arrangement enabled by the 2A peptide allows the use of split site that locates not in the middle region of the Cas9-RT fusion protein. See Figs. 17-22. Under some carefully designs (see Fig. 19, Fig. 20, and Fig. 23) , two U6 for pegRNA and gRNA separately could be added into the polynucleotide.The 2A peptide, sometimes also called 2A self-cleaving peptide, is a class of 18-22 amino acid-long peptides that can induce ribosomal skipping during the translation of a protein in a cell. These peptides share a core sequence motif of DxExNPGP and are found in a wide range of viral families. The term "self-cleaving" is not entirely accurate, as these peptides function by making the ribosome skip the synthesis of a peptide bond at the C-terminus of a 2A element, leading to separation between the end of the 2A sequence and the next peptide downstream. The "cleavage" occurs between the glycine and proline residues found in the peptide. 2A peptides are widely used in molecular biology for cloning multiple genes in a single vector, which greatly facilitates co-expression of multiple factors or multi-unit complex proteins in both basic and translational studies.PolypeptidesThe present disclosure provides new split site within Cas9 protein or variant thereof. The split sites disclosed herein are between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof, and between the first and second amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof. In some embodiments, when the split site is between the first and second amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11, the first two amino acids at the N-terminus of the C-terminal part of the split protein are replaced with a cysteine and a phenylalanine, or a cysteine and a tryptophan.In some embodiments, a Cas9 protein or variant thereof is split once at any one of the split sites disclosed herein, and is split into two parts, a N-terminal part and a C-terminal part. The present disclosure provides a polynucleotide comprising a sequence encoding any of these N-terminal part and C-terminal part.In some embodiments, a Cas9 protein or variant thereof is split more than once, wherein at least one of the split sites is selected from the split sites disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a Cas9 protein or variant thereof is split twice, wherein both split sites are selected from the split sites disclosed herein, and thus the Cas9 protein or variant thereof is split into three parts, a N-terminal part, a middle part, and a C-terminal part. The present disclosure also provides a polynucleotide comprising a sequence encoding any of these middle parts between two split sites disclosed herein.In an aspect, the present disclosure provides a polynucleotide comprises a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the N-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof, or between the first and second amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof.In some embodiments, the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the first 212, 269, 309, 367, 456, 554, 940, 959, 1039, 1087, 1023, or 1115 amino acids from the N-terminus of the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof. In some embodiments, the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the first 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 319, 357, 358, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 369, 370, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377, 446, 447, 448, 449, 450, 451, 452, 453, 454, 455, 456, 457, 458, 459, 460, 461, 462, 463, 464, 465, 466, 544, 545, 546, 547, 548, 549, 550, 551, 552, 553, 554, 555, 556, 557, 558, 559, 560, 561, 562, 563, 564, 930, 931, 932, 933, 934, 935, 936, 937, 938, 939, 940, 941, 942, 943, 944, 945, 946, 947, 948, 949, 950, 951, 952, 953, 954, 955, 956, 957, 958, 959, 960, 961, 962, 963, 964, 965, 966, 967, 968, 969, 1029, 1030, 1031, 1032, 1033, 1034, 1035, 1036, 1037, 1038, 1039, 1040, 1041, 1042, 1043, 1044, 1045, 1046, 1047, 1048, 1049, 1077, 1078, 1079, 1080, 1081, 1082, 1083, 1084, 1085, 1086, 1087, 1088, 1089, 1090, 1091, 1092, 1093, 1094, 1095, 1096, 1097, 1013, 1014, 1015, 1016, 1017, 1018, 1019, 1020, 1021, 1022, 1023, 1024, 1025, 1026, 1027, 1028, 1029, 1030, 1031, 1032, 1033, 1034, 1035, 1105, 1106, 1107, 1108, 1109, 1110, 1111, 1112, 1113, 1114, 1115, 1116, 1117, 1118, 1119, 1120, 1121, 1122, 1123, 1124, or 1125 amino acids.In an aspect, the present disclosure provides a polynucleotide comprises a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the C-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof.In an aspect, the present disclosure provides a polynucleotide comprises a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the C-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the third and fourth amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; and wherein the sequence further encodes a cysteine and a phenylalanine, or a cysteine and a tryptophan, at the N-terminus of the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof.In an aspect, the present disclosure provides a polynucleotide comprises a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains a part of the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof between a first split site and a second split site, wherein the first split site is located upstream to the second split site, wherein at least one of the two split sites is selected from a site between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 and 12, and a site between the first and second amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11;wherein if the first split site is between the first and second amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11, the first two amino acid at the N-terminus of the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof are replaced with a cysteine and a phenylalanine, or a cysteine and a tryptophan. In some embodiments, both the two split sites are selected from a site between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 and 12, and a site between the first and second amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11; wherein if the first split site is between the first and second amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11, the first two amino acid at the N-terminus of the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof are replaced with a cysteine and a phenylalanine, or a cysteine and a tryptophan.In some embodiments, the polynucleotide described herein further comprises a sequence encoding an N-terminal portion of an intein, which is linked to the C-terminus of the sequence encoding the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof.In some embodiments, the polynucleotide described herein wherein the intein is selected from Mxe-GyrA, Npu, Ssp-DnaB, Ssp-GyrB and Rma. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide described herein wherein the intein is Rma.In some embodiments, the intein is Rma, wherein the N-terminal part of the intein Rma is encoded by SEQ ID NO: 13, and the C-terminal part of the intein Rma is encoded by SEQ ID NO: 14. In some embodiments, the intein is Npu, wherein the N-terminal part of the intein Npu is encoded by SEQ ID NO: 15, and the C-terminal part of the intein Npu is encoded by SEQ ID NO: 16.The Mxe intein from Mycobacterium xenopi GyrA, the Npu intein from Nostoc punctiforme DnaE, the Ssp DnaB intein from Synechocystis sp. PCC6803, the Ssp GyrB intein from Synechocystis sp. PCC6803, and the Rma intein from Rhodothermus marinus DnaB are the most popular inteins used in split-Cas9. Mycobacterium xenopi gyrase A (Mxe-GyrA) intein is a natural mini-intein (198 aa) , which lacks a central intein endonuclease domain. As a bacterial protein, it can be very highly expressed in E. coli. Previous studies have also demonstrated that splicing and single-splice-junction cleavage of the Mxe-GyrA intein can be controlled by temperature. Mxe intein was the first intein used in split-Cas9 strategy in the 656-657 site (Cas9 was split between the 656th and 657th amino acids) and resulted in ≈50%recovery of cleavage activity compared to full-length SpCas9. Npu intein was reported to be functional in both 573-574 and 637-638 sites. Further research used Rma intein with 713-714 splitting site for in vivo genome editing with SpCas9. (Chen, Yuxi, et al. "Development of highly efficient dual‐AAV split adenosine base editor for in vivo gene therapy. " Small Methods 4.9 (2020) : 2000309. ) In some embodiments, the polynucleotide described herein further comprises a guide RNA or a sequence encoding thereof. In some embodiments, the guide RNA is a pegRNA, which comprises a reverse transcriptase template. In some embodiments, the pegRNA further comprises a primer binding site (PBS) . In some embodiments, the guide RNA targets the editing strand of the gene editing system and introduces a nick in the unedited strand, such as in PE3 system.In some embodiments, the polynucleotide described herein further comprises an RNA polymerase III promoter. In some embodiments, the RNA polymerase III promoter is a U6 promoter. RNA polymerase III promoters can be used to transcribes short non-coding RNA molecules, such as guide RNA. U6 promoter and H1 promoter are two commonly used RNA polymerase III promoters. U6 promoter comprises a TATA-like box, a proximal sequence element (PSE) , and an upstream distal sequence element (DSE) . (Anderson et al., 2020; Gao et al., 2018) . In some embodiments, the U6 promoter has a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 48.In some embodiments, the polynucleotide described herein further comprises a sequence encoding a protein with enzymatic activity. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a reverse transcriptase. In some embodiments, the reverse transcriptase is a M-MLV or a functional variant thereof. In some embodiments, the gene editing enzyme is a deaminase. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a cytidine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, an adenosine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, or a methylase or a functional fragment thereof.Reverse transcriptase is an enzyme used to generate complementary DNA (cDNA) from an RNA template, a process termed reverse transcription. In some embodiments of prime editing, the reverse transcriptase uses the reverse transcriptase template (RT template) in the prime editing guide RNA (pegRNA) to introduce the desired edit into the edited site.“Cytidine deaminase” refers to enzymes that catalyze the hydrolytic deamination of cytidine and deoxycytidine to uridine and deoxyuridine, respectively. For example, a family of cytidine deaminases is APOBEC ( “apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like” ) . “Adenosine deaminase” refers to an enzyme of the purine metabolism which catalyzes the irreversible deamination of adenosine and deoxyadenosine to inosine and deoxyinosine, respectively.Methylase, also called methyltransferase, adds methyl groups (-CH3) to adenine or cytosine bases within the recognition sequence, which is thus modified and protected from the endonuclease. For example, the methylase is DNMT1, DNMT3a1, DNMT3a2, and DNMT3b. Reverse transcriptase is an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. In some embodiments, the reverse transcriptase is moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (MMLV-RT) , or a functional variant thereof. In some embodiments, the MMLV-RT has an amino acid sequence encoded by SEQ ID NO: 47.In some embodiments, the polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding a 2A peptide (P2A) . In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the 2A peptide is between the sequence encoding the truncated Cas9 protein and the sequence encoding the protein with enzymatic activity. As described above, 2A peptide can induce ribosomal skipping during the translation of a protein in a cell, so that the two proteins encoded before and after it are expressed as two separate proteins. In some embodiments, the 2A peptide has an amino acid sequence encoded by SEQ ID NO: 49.In some embodiments, the polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding a nuclear localization signal (NLS) . In some embodiments, the sequence encoding the NLS is located at the 5’ -end and / or 3’ -end of a protein-coding sequence. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises more than one sequences encoding the NLS, wherein the NLS are the same or different. In some embodiments, the NLS is selected from BE4max1NLS (encoded by SEQ ID NO: 108) , BPNLS (encoded by SEQ ID NO: 109) , BP-SV40 (BE4Max2) NLS (encoded by SEQ ID NO: 110) , and BPNLS-alt (encoded by SEQ ID NO: 111) .In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a promoter sequence upstream to the protein-coding sequence, and a sequence encoding the BE4max1NLS (SEQ ID NO: 108) between a promoter sequence and the protein-coding sequence. In some embodiments, the protein-coding sequence encodes the N-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof, or the C-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof.In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a sequence encoding the BPNLS (SEQ ID NO: 109) at the 3’ -end of the sequence encoding the N-terminal portion of an intein.In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a sequence encoding the BP-SV40 (BE4Max2) NLS (SEQ ID NO: 110) at the 3’ -end of the sequence encoding the reverse transcriptase or the 3’ -end of the protein-coding sequence. In some embodiments, the protein-coding sequence encodes the N-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof, or the C-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof.In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprises a sequence encoding the BPNLS-alt (SEQ ID NO: 111) at the 3’ -end of the sequence encoding the P2A.Nuclear localization signals (NLS) are generally short peptides that act as a signal fragment that mediates the transport of proteins from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. The NLS is recognized by the corresponding nuclear transporters, which can interact with nucleoporins to help NLS-containing proteins reach the nucleus through nuclear pore complexes. Multiple NLS have been identified in the art (Lu et al., 2021) . For example, classical NLS includes monopartite NLS (MP NLS) and bipartite NLS (BP NLS) . MP NLS are a single cluster composed of 4–8 basic amino acids, which generally contains 4 or more positively charged residues, that is, arginine (R) or lysine (K) . The characteristic motif of MP NLS is usually defined as K (K / R) X (K / R) , where X can be any residue. For example, the NLS of SV40 large T-antigen is 126PKKKRKV132, with five consecutive positively charged amino acids (KKKRK) . BP NLS are characterized by two clusters of 2–3 positively charged amino acids that are separated by a 9–12 amino-acid linker region, which contains several proline (P) residues
[0016] . The consensus sequence can be expressed as R / K (X) 10-12KRXK. Notably, in BP NLS, the upstream and downstream clusters of amino acids are interdependent and indispensable, and jointly determine the localization of the protein in the cell. For instance, the BP NLS at the C-terminus of nucleoplasmin, whose sequence is 155KRPAATKKAGQAKKKK170, can guide the protein into the nucleus. There is also non-classical NLS, such as the the “proline-tyrosine” category, named PY-NLS. PY-NLS is characterized by 20–30 amino acids that assume a disordered structure, consisting of N-terminal hydrophobic or basic motifs and C-terminal R / K / H (X) 2-5PY motifs (where X2-5 is any sequence of 2–5 residues)In some embodiments, the Cas9 protein or variant thereof is a Cas9 nickase (nCas9) . In some embodiments of the polynucleotide described herein, the Cas9 protein or variant thereof is a Cas9n-H840A (SEQ ID NO: 23) , an eSp-Cas9 (SEQ ID NO: 17) , a HiFi-Cas9 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a Lz3-Cas9 (SEQ ID NO: 19) , a SpCas9-NG (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a Sniper-Cas9 (SEQ ID NO: 21) , a SuperFiCas9 (SEQ ID NO: 22) , or a dCas9 (SEQ ID NO: 24) .In some embodiments, the Cas9 protein or a variant thereof comprises a sequence of SEQ ID NO: 93 (HypaCas9) , SEQ ID NO: 94 (Cas9HF1) , SEQ ID NO: 95 (evoCas9) , SEQ ID NO: 96 (SpCas9) , SEQ ID NO: 97 (LZ3 Cas9) , SEQ ID NO: 98 (HiFi Cas9) , SEQ ID NO: 99 (Sniper-Cas9) , SEQ ID NO: 100 (SuperFi-Cas9) , SEQ ID NO: 101 (eSpCas9 (1.1) ) , SEQ ID NO: 102 (xCas9) , SEQ ID NO: 103 (SpGCas9) , SEQ ID NO: 104 (SpRYCas9) , SEQ ID NO: 105 (Cas9-NG) , SEQ ID NO: 106 (Cas9-VRQR) , and SEQ ID NO: 107 (Cas9-VRER) .In some embodiments, the Cas 9 protein or a variant thereof has an amino acid sequence of at least 90%identity with the Cas9 protein or variant described herein. In some embodiments, the Cas 9 protein or a variant thereof has an amino acid sequence of at least 90%identity with any one of SEQ ID NOs: 17-24 and 93-107.In some embodiments of the polynucleotide described herein, the Cas9 protein or variant thereof can be replaced by other Cas proteins with high sequence homology with the wild-type Cas9 protein near the disclosed split sites.The polynucleotide described herein can be obtained by methods known in the art. For example, the polynucleotide can be obtained from cloned DNA (e.g., from a DNA library) , by chemical synthesis, by cDNA cloning, or by the cloning of genomic DNA or fragments thereof, purified from the desired cell. When the polynucleotides are produced by recombinant means, any method known to those skilled in the art for identification of nucleic acids that encode desired genes can be used. Modified or variant polynucleotides, including truncated forms of Cas protein, such as a Cas 9 protein, can be engineered from a wildtype polynucleotide using standard recombinant DNA methods. Polynucleotides can be cloned or isolated using any available methods known in the art for cloning and isolating nucleic acid molecules. Such methods include PCR amplification of nucleic acids and screening of libraries, including nucleic acid hybridization screening, antibody-based screening, and activity-based screening.Methods for amplification of polynucleotides can be used to isolate polynucleotides encoding a desired protein, including for example, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. PCR can be carried out using any known methods or procedures in the art. Exemplary methods include use of a Perkin-Elmer Cetus thermal cycler and Taq polymerase (Gene Amp) . A nucleic acid containing gene of interest can be used as a source material from which a desired polypeptide-encoding nucleic acid molecule can be amplified. For example, DNA and mRNA preparations, cell extracts, tissue extracts from an appropriate source (e.g. testis, prostate, breast) , fluid samples (e.g. blood, serum, saliva) , samples from healthy and / or diseased subjects can be used in amplification methods. The source can be from any eukaryotic species including, but not limited to, vertebrate, mammalian, human, porcine, bovine, feline, avian, equine, canine, and other primate sources. Nucleic acid libraries also can be used as a source material. Primers can be designed to amplify a desired polynucleotide. For example, primers can be designed based on expressed sequences from which a desired polynucleotide is generated. Primers can be designed based on back-translation of a polypeptide amino acid sequence. If desired, degenerate primers can be used for amplification. Oligonucleotide primers that hybridize to sequences at the 3’a nd 5’ termini of the desired sequence can be uses as primers to amplify by PCR from a nucleic acid sample. Primers can be used to amplify the entire full-length polynucleotide, or a truncated sequence thereof. Nucleic acid molecules generated by amplification can be sequenced and confirmed to encode a desired polypeptide.VectorsIn an aspect, the present disclosure provides a vector comprising the polynucleotide described herein.In some embodiments, the vector described herein is a viral vector. In some embodiments, the vector described herein is a plasmid. Viral vectors can include, but are not limited to, adenoviral vectors, lentiviral vectors, retroviral vectors, and adeno-associated viral vectors. Suitable vectors, promoter, and enhancer elements are known in the art; many are commercially available for generating subject recombinant constructs.In some embodiments, the vector described herein is selected from adenovirus, lentivirus, and adeno-associated virus (AAV) . In some embodiments, the vector described herein is an AAV.Adeno-associated viruses (AAV) belong to the parvoviridae family. The AAV genome is composed of a linear single-stranded DNA molecule which contains approximately 4.7 kilobases (kb) and consists of two major open reading frames (ORFs) encoding the non-structural Rep (replication) and structural Cap (capsid) proteins. A second ORF within the cap gene was identified that encodes the assembly-activating protein (AAP) . The DNAs flanking the AAV coding regions are two cis-acting inverted terminal repeat (ITR) sequences, approximately 145 nucleotides in length, with interrupted palindromic sequences that can be folded into energetically-stable hairpin structures that function as primers of DNA replication. In addition to their role in DNA replication, the ITR sequences have been shown to be involved in viral DNA integration into the cellular genome, rescue from the host genome or plasmid, and encapsidation of viral nucleic acid into mature virions (Muzyczka, (1992) Curr. Top. Micro. Immunol. 158: 97-129) .Vectors derived from AAV (i.e., recombinant AAV (rAVV) or AAV vectors) are attractive for delivering genetic material because (i) they are able to infect (transduce) a wide variety of non-dividing and dividing cell types including myocytes and neurons; (ii) they are devoid of the virus structural genes, thereby diminishing the host cell responses to virus infection, e.g., interferon-mediated responses; (iii) wild-type viruses are considered non-pathologic in humans; (iv) in contrast to wild type AAV, which are capable of integrating into the host cell genome, replication-deficient AAV vectors lack the rep gene and generally persist as episomes, thus limiting the risk of insertional mutagenesis or genotoxicity; and (v) in comparison to other vector systems, AAV vectors are generally considered to be relatively poor immunogens and therefore do not trigger a significant immune response (see ii) , thus gaining persistence of the vector DNA and potentially, long-term expression of the therapeutic transgenes. AAV vectors can also be produced and formulated at high titer and delivered via intra-arterial, intra-venous, or intra-peritoneal injections allowing vector distribution and gene transfer to significant muscle regions through a single injection in rodents (Goyenvalle et al., 2004; Fougerousse et al., 2007; Koppanati et al., 2010; Wang et al., 2009) and dogs.Any methods known to those skilled in the art for the insertion of DNA fragments into a vector can be used to construct expression vectors comprising a polynucleotide disclosed herein. These methods can include in vitro recombinant DNA and synthetic techniques and in vivo (genetic) recombination. The polynucleotide disclosed herein can be operably linked to control sequences in the expression vector (s) to ensure the expression of the encoded protein. Such control sequences may include, but are not limited to, leader or signal sequences, promoters (e.g., naturally associated or heterologous promoters) , ribosomal binding sites, enhancer or activator elements, translational start and termination sequences, and transcription start and termination sequences, and are chosen to be compatible with the host cell chosen to express the encoded protein. Constitutive or inducible promoters as known in the art are also contemplated. The promoters may be either naturally occurring promoters, hybrid promoters that combine elements of more than one promoter, or synthetic promoters. An expression construct may be present in a cell on an episome, such as a plasmid, or the expression construct may be inserted in a chromosome such as in a gene locus. In some embodiment, the expression vector includes a selectable marker gene to allow the selection of transformed host cells. Some embodiments, include an expression vector comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding a variant polypeptide operably linked to at least one regulatory control sequence. Regulatory control sequence for use herein include promoters, enhancers, and other expression control elements. In some embodiments, an expression vector is designed for the choice of the host cell to be transformed, the particular variant polypeptide desired to be expressed, the vector's copy number, the ability to control that copy number, and / or the expression of any other protein encoded by the vector, such as antibiotic markers.Examples of suitable mammalian promoters include, for example, promoters from the following genes: elongation factor 1 alpha (EF1α) promoter, CAG promoter, ubiquitin / S27a promoter of the hamster (WO 97 / 15664) , Simian vacuolating virus 40 (SV40) early promoter, adenovirus major late promoter, mouse metallothionein-I promoter, the long terminal repeat region of Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) , mouse mammary tumor virus promoter (MMTV) , Moloney murine leukemia virus Long Terminal repeat region, and the early promoter of human Cytomegalovirus (CMV) . Examples of other heterologous mammalian promoters are the actin, immunoglobulin or heat shock promoter (s) . In additional embodiments, promoters for use in mammalian host cells can be obtained from the genomes of viruses such as polyoma virus, fowlpox virus (UK 2, 211, 504 published 5 Jul. 1989) , bovine papilloma virus, avian sarcoma virus, cytomegalovirus, a retrovirus, hepatitis-B virus and Simian Virus 40 (SV40) . In further embodiments, heterologous mammalian promoters are used. Examples include the actin promoter, an immunoglobulin promoter, and heat-shock promoters. The early and late promoters of SV40 are conveniently obtained as an SV40 restriction fragment which also contains the SV40 viral origin of replication (Fiers et al., Nature 273: 113-120 (1978) ) . The immediate early promoter of the human cytomegalovirus is conveniently obtained as a HindIII restriction enzyme fragment (Greenaway et al., Gene 18: 355-360 (1982) ) . The foregoing references are incorporated by reference in their entirety.Aviral vector can comprise a nucleic acid molecule that includes virus-derived nucleic acid elements that typically facilitate transfer of the nucleic acid molecule or integration into the genome of a cell or to a viral particle that mediates nucleic acid transfer. Viral particles will typically include various viral components and sometimes also host cell components in addition to nucleic acid (s) . A viral vector can comprise, e.g., a virus or viral particle capable of transferring a nucleic acid into a cell, or to the transferred nucleic acid (e.g., as naked DNA) . Viral vectors and transfer plasmids can comprise structural and / or functional genetic elements that are primarily derived from a virus. A retroviral vector can comprise a viral vector or plasmid containing structural and functional genetic elements, or portions thereof, that are primarily derived from a retrovirus.CompositionsIn an aspect, the present disclosure provides a composition comprising the polynucleotide described herein.In some embodiments, the composition described herein comprises a first polynucleotide and a second polynucleotide,wherein the first polynucleotide a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the N-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof, or between the first and second amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; andwherein the second polynucleotide comprises a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the C-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; or a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the C-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the third and fourth amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; and wherein the sequence further encodes a cysteine and a phenylalanine, or a cysteine and a tryptophan, at the N-terminus of the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof.In some embodiments of the composition described herein, the first polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding an N-terminal portion of an intein, which is linked to the C-terminus of the sequence encoding the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof. In some embodiments, the intein is selected from Mxe GyrA, Npu, Ssp-DnaB, Ssp-GyrB and Rma. In some embodiments, the intein is Rma. In some embodiments, the first polynucleotide further comprises one or more guide RNA or a sequence encoding thereof. In some embodiments, at least one of the guide RNA comprises a reverse transcriptase template. In some embodiments, the first polynucleotide further comprises an RNA polymerase III promoter. In some embodiments, the RNA polymerase III promoter is a U6 promoter. In some embodiments, the first polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding a protein with enzymatic activity. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a reverse transcriptase or a functional fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the reverse transcriptase is a Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (MMLV-RT) or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a cytidine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, an adenosine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, or a methylase or a functional fragment thereof.In some embodiments of the composition described herein, the second polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding a C-terminal portion of an intein, which is linked to the N-terminus of the sequence encoding the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof. In some embodiments, the intein is selected from Mxe GyrA, Npu, Ssp-DnaB, Ssp-GyrB and Rma. In some embodiments, the intein is Rma. In some embodiments, the second polynucleotide further comprises one or more guide RNA or a sequence encoding thereof. In some embodiments, at least one of the guide RNA comprises a reverse transcriptase template. In some embodiments, the second polynucleotide further comprises an RNA polymerase III promoter. In some embodiments, the RNA polymerase III promoter is a U6 promoter. In some embodiments, the second polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding a protein with enzymatic activity. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a reverse transcriptase or a functional fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the reverse transcriptase is a Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (MMLV-RT) or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a cytidine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, an adenosine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, or a methylase or a functional fragment thereof.In some embodiments, the composition described herein comprises a first polynucleotide and a second polynucleotide,wherein the first polynucleotide comprises a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the N-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof, or between the first and second amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; andwherein the second polynucleotide comprises a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the C-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; or a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the C-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the third and fourth amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; and wherein the sequence further encodes a cysteine and a phenylalanine, or a cysteine and a tryptophan, at the N-terminus of the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof; andwherein the first polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding an N-terminal portion of an intein, which is linked to the C-terminus of the sequence encoding the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof; andwherein the second polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding a C-terminal portion of an intein, which is linked to the N-terminus of the sequence encoding the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof; andwherein the N-terminal portion of the intein and the C-terminal portion of the intein forms a full-length intein.In some embodiments, the intein is selected from Mxe-GyrA, Npu, Ssp-DnaB, Ssp-GyrB and Rma. In some embodiments, the intein is Rma.In some embodiments of the composition described herein, at least one of the polynucleotides comprises a guide RNA or a sequence encoding thereof. In some embodiments, the guide RNA is a pegRNA, which comprises a reverse transcriptase template. In some embodiments, at least one of the polynucleotides comprises a pegRNA and a sgRNA that targets the editing strand of the gene editing system and introduces a nick in the unedited strand, such as in PE3 system. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprising the guide RNA further comprises a U6 promoter. In some embodiments, the first polynucleotide comprises a pegRNA, the second polynucleotide comprises a sgRNA, and each polynucleotide further comprises a U6 promoter.In some embodiments of the composition described herein, at least one of the polynucleotides comprises a sequence encoding a protein with enzymatic activity. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a reverse transcriptase or a functional fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the reverse transcriptase is a Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (MMLV-RT) or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a cytidine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, an adenosine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, or a methylase or a functional fragment thereof.In an aspect, the present disclosure provides a composition comprising the vector described herein.In some embodiments, the composition described herein comprises a first vector comprising a first polynucleotide and a second vector comprising a second polynucleotide, wherein the first polynucleotide a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the N-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof, or between the first and second amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; andwherein the second polynucleotide comprises a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the C-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; or a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the C-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the third and fourth amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; and wherein the sequence further encodes a cysteine and a phenylalanine, or a cysteine and a tryptophan, at the N-terminus of the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof.In some embodiments of the composition described herein, the first polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding an N-terminal portion of an intein, which is linked to the C-terminus of the sequence encoding the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof. In some embodiments, the intein is selected from Mxe GyrA, Npu, Ssp-DnaB, Ssp-GyrB and Rma. In some embodiments, the intein is Rma. In some embodiments, the first polynucleotide further comprises one or more guide RNA or a sequence encoding thereof. In some embodiments, at least one of the guide RNA comprises a reverse transcriptase template. In some embodiments, the first polynucleotide further comprises an RNA polymerase III promoter. In some embodiments, the RNA polymerase III promoter is a U6 promoter. In some embodiments, the first polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding a protein with enzymatic activity. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a reverse transcriptase or a functional fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the reverse transcriptase is a Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (MMLV-RT) or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a cytidine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, an adenosine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, or a methylase or a functional fragment thereof.In some embodiments of the composition described herein, the second polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding a C-terminal portion of an intein, which is linked to the N-terminus of the sequence encoding the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof. In some embodiments, the intein is selected from Mxe GyrA, Npu, Ssp-DnaB, Ssp-GyrB and Rma. In some embodiments, the intein is Rma. In some embodiments, the second polynucleotide further comprises one or more guide RNA or a sequence encoding thereof. In some embodiments, at least one of the guide RNA comprises a reverse transcriptase template. In some embodiments, the second polynucleotide further comprises an RNA polymerase III promoter. In some embodiments, the RNA polymerase III promoter is a U6 promoter. In some embodiments, the second polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding a protein with enzymatic activity. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a reverse transcriptase or a functional fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the reverse transcriptase is a Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (MMLV-RT) or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a cytidine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, an adenosine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, or a methylase or a functional fragment thereof.In some embodiments, the composition described herein comprises a first vector comprising a first polynucleotide and a second vector comprising a second polynucleotide,wherein the first polynucleotide comprises a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the N-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof, or between the first and second amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; andwherein the second polynucleotide comprises a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the C-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; or a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the C-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the third and fourth amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; and wherein the sequence further encodes a cysteine and a phenylalanine, or a cysteine and a tryptophan, at the N-terminus of the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof; andwherein the first polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding an N-terminal portion of an intein, which is linked to the C-terminus of the sequence encoding the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof; andwherein the second polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding a C-terminal portion of an intein, which is linked to the N-terminus of the sequence encoding the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof; andwherein the N-terminal portion of the intein and the C-terminal portion of the intein forms a full-length intein.In some embodiments, the intein is selected from Mxe-GyrA, Npu, Ssp-DnaB, Ssp-GyrB and Rma. In some embodiments, the intein is Rma.In some embodiments of the composition described herein, at least one of the polynucleotides comprises a guide RNA or a sequence encoding thereof. In some embodiments, the guide RNA is a pegRNA, which comprises a reverse transcriptase template. In some embodiments, at least one of the polynucleotides comprises a pegRNA and a sgRNA that targets the editing strand of the gene editing system and introduces a nick in the unedited strand, such as in PE3 system. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprising the guide RNA further comprises a U6 promoter. In some embodiments, the first polynucleotide comprises a pegRNA, the second polynucleotide comprises a sgRNA, and each polynucleotide further comprises a U6 promoter.In some embodiments of the composition described herein, at least one of the polynucleotides comprises a sequence encoding a protein with enzymatic activity. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a reverse transcriptase or a functional fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the reverse transcriptase is a Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (MMLV-RT) or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a cytidine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, an adenosine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, or a methylase or a functional fragment thereof.In some embodiments of the composition described herein, at least one of the vectors is AAV vector. In some embodiments of the composition described herein, the two vectors are both AAV vectors.In some embodiments of the composition described herein, the Cas9 protein or variant thereof is a Cas9 nickase (nCas9) . In some embodiments of the polynucleotide described herein, the Cas9 protein or variant thereof is a Cas9n-H840A (SEQ ID NO: 23) , an eSp-Cas9 (SEQ ID NO: 17) , a HiFi-Cas9 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a Lz3-Cas9 (SEQ ID NO: 19) , a SpCas9-NG (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a Sniper-Cas9 (SEQ ID NO: 21) , a SuperFiCas9 (SEQ ID NO: 22) , or a dCas9 (SEQ ID NO: 24) .In some embodiments of the composition described herein, the Cas9 protein or variant thereof can be replaced by other Cas proteins with high sequence homology with the wild-type Cas9 protein near the disclosed split sites.As used herein, the term “composition” includes, but is not limited to, a pharmaceutical composition. A “pharmaceutical composition” refers to an active pharmaceutical agent formulated in pharmaceutically acceptable or physiologically acceptable solutions for administration to a cell or an animal, either alone, or in combination with one or more other modalities of therapy. It will also be understood that, if desired, the compositions of the invention may be administered in combination with other agents, such as, e.g., cytokines, growth factors, hormones, small molecules, chemotherapeutics, pro-drugs, drugs, antibodies, or other various pharmaceutically active agents. There is virtually no limit to other components that may also be included in the compositions, provided that the additional agents do not adversely affect the ability of the composition to deliver the intended therapy. The phrase “pharmaceutically acceptable” is used herein to refer to those compounds, materials, compositions, and / or dosage forms which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of human beings and animals without excessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, or other problem or complication, commensurate with a reasonable benefit / risk ratio.The compositions may also comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent, or excipient. As used herein “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent, or excipient” includes, without limitation, any adjuvant, carrier, excipient, glidant, sweetening agent, diluent, preservative, dye / colorant, flavor enhancer, surfactant, wetting agent, dispersing agent, suspending agent, stabilizer, isotonic agent, solvent, surfactant, or emulsifier which has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration as being acceptable for use in humans or domestic animals. Exemplary pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include, but are not limited to, to sugars, such as lactose, glucose, and sucrose; starches, such as corn starch and potato starch; cellulose, and its derivatives, such as sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, and cellulose acetate; tragacanth; malt; gelatin; talc; cocoa butter; waxes; animal and vegetable fats; paraffins; silicones; bentonites; silicic acid; zinc oxide; oils, such as peanut oil, cottonseed oil, safflower oil, sesame oil, olive oil, corn oil, and soybean oil; glycols, such as propylene glycol; polyols, such as glycerin, sorbitol, mannitol, and polyethylene glycol; esters, such as ethyl oleate, and ethyl laurate; agar; buffering agents, such as magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide; alginic acid; pyrogen-free water; isotonic saline; Ringer's solution; ethyl alcohol; phosphate buffer solutions; and any other compatible substances employed in pharmaceutical formulations.The liquid pharmaceutical compositions, whether they be solutions, suspensions or other like form, may include one or more of the following: sterile diluents such as water for injection, saline solution, preferably physiological saline; Ringers solution; isotonic sodium chloride; fixed oils such as synthetic mono or diglycerides which may serve as the solvent or suspending medium; polyethylene glycols; glycerin; propylene glycol or other solvents; antibacterial agents, such as benzyl alcohol or methyl paraben; antioxidants such as ascorbic acid or sodium bisulfite; chelating agents, such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; buffers such as acetates, citrates, or phosphates; and agents for the adjustment of tonicity, such as sodium chloride or dextrose. The parenteral preparation can be enclosed in ampoules, disposable syringes, or multiple dose vials made of glass or plastic. An injectable pharmaceutical composition is preferably sterile.The composition may be suitably developed for intravenous, intratumoral, oral, rectal, vaginal, parenteral, topical, pulmonary, intranasal, buccal, ophthalmic, or another route of administration.CellsIn an aspect, the present disclosure provides a cell comprising the polynucleotide described herein.In some embodiments, the cell described herein comprises a first polynucleotide and a second polynucleotide,wherein the first polynucleotide a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the N-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof, or between the first and second amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; andwherein the second polynucleotide comprises a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the C-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; or a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the C-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the third and fourth amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; and wherein the sequence further encodes a cysteine and a phenylalanine, or a cysteine and a tryptophan, at the N-terminus of the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof.In some embodiments of the cell described herein, the first polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding an N-terminal portion of an intein, which is linked to the C-terminus of the sequence encoding the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof. In some embodiments, the intein is selected from Mxe GyrA, Npu, Ssp-DnaB, Ssp-GyrB and Rma. In some embodiments, the intein is Rma. In some embodiments, the first polynucleotide further comprises one or more guide RNA or a sequence encoding thereof. In some embodiments, at least one of the guide RNA comprises a reverse transcriptase template. In some embodiments, the first polynucleotide further comprises an RNA polymerase III promoter. In some embodiments, the RNA polymerase III promoter is a U6 promoter. In some embodiments, the first polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding a protein with enzymatic activity. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a reverse transcriptase or a functional fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the reverse transcriptase is a Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (MMLV-RT) or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a cytidine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, an adenosine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, or a methylase or a functional fragment thereof.In some embodiments of the cell described herein, the second polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding a C-terminal portion of an intein, which is linked to the N-terminus of the sequence encoding the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof. In some embodiments, the intein is selected from Mxe GyrA, Npu, Ssp-DnaB, Ssp-GyrB and Rma. In some embodiments, the intein is Rma. In some embodiments, the second polynucleotide further comprises one or more guide RNA or a sequence encoding thereof. In some embodiments, at least one of the guide RNA comprises a reverse transcriptase template. In some embodiments, the second polynucleotide further comprises an RNA polymerase III promoter. In some embodiments, the RNA polymerase III promoter is a U6 promoter. In some embodiments, the second polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding a protein with enzymatic activity. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a reverse transcriptase or a functional fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the reverse transcriptase is a Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (MMLV-RT) or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a cytidine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, an adenosine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, or a methylase or a functional fragment thereof.In some embodiments, the cell described herein comprises a first polynucleotide and a second polynucleotide,wherein the first polynucleotide comprises a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the N-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof, or between the first and second amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; andwherein the second polynucleotide comprises a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the C-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; or a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the C-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the third and fourth amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; and wherein the sequence further encodes a cysteine and a phenylalanine, or a cysteine and a tryptophan, at the N-terminus of the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof; andwherein the first polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding an N-terminal portion of an intein, which is linked to the C-terminus of the sequence encoding the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof; andwherein the second polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding a C-terminal portion of an intein, which is linked to the N-terminus of the sequence encoding the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof; andwherein the N-terminal portion of the intein and the C-terminal portion of the intein forms a full-length intein.In some embodiments, the intein is selected from Mxe-GyrA, Npu, Ssp-DnaB, Ssp-GyrB and Rma. In some embodiments, the intein is Rma.In some embodiments of the cell described herein, at least one of the polynucleotides comprises a guide RNA or a sequence encoding thereof. In some embodiments, the guide RNA is a pegRNA, which comprises a reverse transcriptase template. In some embodiments, at least one of the polynucleotides comprises a pegRNA and a sgRNA that targets the editing strand of the gene editing system and introduces a nick in the unedited strand, such as in PE3 system. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprising the guide RNA further comprises a U6 promoter. In some embodiments, the first polynucleotide comprises a pegRNA, the second polynucleotide comprises a sgRNA, and each polynucleotide further comprises a U6 promoter.In some embodiments of the cell described herein, at least one of the polynucleotides comprises a sequence encoding a protein with enzymatic activity. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a reverse transcriptase or a functional fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the reverse transcriptase is a Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (MMLV-RT) or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a cytidine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, an adenosine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, or a methylase or a functional fragment thereof.In an aspect, the present disclosure provides a cell comprising the vector described herein.In some embodiments, the cell described herein comprises a first vector comprising a first polynucleotide and a second vector comprising a second polynucleotide,wherein the first polynucleotide a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the N-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof, or between the first and second amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; andwherein the second polynucleotide comprises a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the C-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; or a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the C-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the third and fourth amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; and wherein the sequence further encodes a cysteine and a phenylalanine, or a cysteine and a tryptophan, at the N-terminus of the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof.In some embodiments of the cell described herein, the first polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding an N-terminal portion of an intein, which is linked to the C-terminus of the sequence encoding the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof. In some embodiments, the intein is selected from Mxe GyrA, Npu, Ssp-DnaB, Ssp-GyrB and Rma. In some embodiments, the intein is Rma. In some embodiments, the first polynucleotide further comprises one or more guide RNA or a sequence encoding thereof. In some embodiments, at least one of the guide RNA comprises a reverse transcriptase template. In some embodiments, the first polynucleotide further comprises an RNA polymerase III promoter. In some embodiments, the RNA polymerase III promoter is a U6 promoter. In some embodiments, the first polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding a protein with enzymatic activity. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a reverse transcriptase or a functional fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the reverse transcriptase is a Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (MMLV-RT) or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a cytidine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, an adenosine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, or a methylase or a functional fragment thereof.In some embodiments of the cell described herein, the second polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding a C-terminal portion of an intein, which is linked to the N-terminus of the sequence encoding the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof. In some embodiments, the intein is selected from Mxe GyrA, Npu, Ssp-DnaB, Ssp-GyrB and Rma. In some embodiments, the intein is Rma. In some embodiments, the second polynucleotide further comprises one or more guide RNA or a sequence encoding thereof. In some embodiments, at least one of the guide RNA comprises a reverse transcriptase template. In some embodiments, the second polynucleotide further comprises an RNA polymerase III promoter. In some embodiments, the RNA polymerase III promoter is a U6 promoter. In some embodiments, the second polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding a protein with enzymatic activity. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a reverse transcriptase or a functional fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the reverse transcriptase is a Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (MMLV-RT) or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a cytidine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, an adenosine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, or a methylase or a functional fragment thereof.In some embodiments, the cell described herein comprises a first vector comprising a first polynucleotide and a second vector comprising a second polynucleotide,wherein the first polynucleotide comprises a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the N-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof, or between the first and second amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; andwherein the second polynucleotide comprises a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the C-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; or a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the C-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the third and fourth amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; and wherein the sequence further encodes a cysteine and a phenylalanine, or a cysteine and a tryptophan, at the N-terminus of the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof; andwherein the first polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding an N-terminal portion of an intein, which is linked to the C-terminus of the sequence encoding the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof; andwherein the second polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding a C-terminal portion of an intein, which is linked to the N-terminus of the sequence encoding the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof; andwherein the N-terminal portion of the intein and the C-terminal portion of the intein forms a full-length intein.In some embodiments, the intein is selected from Mxe-GyrA, Npu, Ssp-DnaB, Ssp-GyrB and Rma. In some embodiments, the intein is Rma.In some embodiments of the cell described herein, at least one of the polynucleotides comprises a guide RNA or a sequence encoding thereof. In some embodiments, the guide RNA is a pegRNA, which comprises a reverse transcriptase template. In some embodiments, at least one of the polynucleotides comprises a pegRNA and a sgRNA that targets the editing strand of the gene editing system and introduces a nick in the unedited strand, such as in PE3 system. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprising the guide RNA further comprises a U6 promoter. In some embodiments, the first polynucleotide comprises a pegRNA, the second polynucleotide comprises a sgRNA, and each polynucleotide further comprises a U6 promoter.In some embodiments of the cell described herein, at least one of the polynucleotides comprises a sequence encoding a protein with enzymatic activity. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a reverse transcriptase or a functional fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the reverse transcriptase is a Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (MMLV-RT) or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a cytidine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, an adenosine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, or a methylase or a functional fragment thereof.In some embodiments of the cell described herein, at least one of the vectors is AAV vector. In some embodiments of the composition described herein, the two vectors are both AAV vectors.In some embodiments of the cell described herein, the Cas9 protein or variant thereof is a Cas9 nickase (nCas9) . In some embodiments of the polynucleotide described herein, the Cas9 protein or variant thereof is a Cas9n-H840A (SEQ ID NO: 23) , an eSp-Cas9 (SEQ ID NO: 17) , a HiFi-Cas9 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a Lz3-Cas9 (SEQ ID NO: 19) , a SpCas9-NG (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a Sniper-Cas9 (SEQ ID NO: 21) , a SuperFiCas9 (SEQ ID NO: 22) , or a dCas9 (SEQ ID NO: 24) .In some embodiments of the cell described herein, the Cas9 protein or variant thereof can be replaced by other Cas proteins with high sequence homology with the wild-type Cas9 protein near the disclosed split sites.In some embodiments, the cell is selected from, but not limited to, stem cells, pluripotent cells, somatic cells, cardiac cells, cardiac progenitor cells, neural cells, glial progenitor cells, endothelial cells, T cells, B cells, pancreatic islet cells, retinal pigmented epithelium cells, hepatocytes, thyroid cells, skin cells, blood cells, plasma cells, platelets, renal cells, epithelial cells, CAR-T cells, NK cells, and CAR-NK cells. In some embodiments, the cell is from a mammal. In some embodiments, the cell is human cell.In some embodiments, the cell is a primary cell. Primary cells are isolated directly from human or animal tissue using enzymatic or mechanical methods. Once isolated, they are placed in an artificial environment in plastic or glass containers supported with specialized medium containing essential nutrients and growth factors to support proliferation. Primary cells could be of two types: adherent or suspension. Adherent cells require attachment for growth and are said to be anchorage-dependent cells. Adherent cells are usually derived from tissues of organs. Suspension cells do not require attachment for growth and are said to be anchorage-independent cells. Most suspension cells are isolated from the blood system, but some tissue-derived cells can also be used in suspension, such as hepatocytes or intestinal cells. Although primary cells usually have a limited lifespan, they offer a number of advantages compared to cell lines. Primary cell culture enables researchers to study donors and not just cells. Several factors such as age, medical history, race, and sex can be considered when building an experimental model. With a growing trend towards personalized medicine, such donor variability and tissue complexity can be achieved with use of primary cells, but are difficult to replicate with cell lines that are more systematic and uniform in nature and do not capture the true diversity of a living tissue.In some embodiments, the cell is a differentiated cell. Differentiated cells are cells that have undergone differentiation. They are mature cells that perform a specialized function. Some examples of differentiated cells are epithelial cells, skin fibroblasts, endothelial cells lining the blood vessels, smooth muscle cells, liver cells, nerve cells, human cardiac muscle cells, etc. Generally, these cells have a unique morphology, metabolic activity, membrane potential, and responsiveness to signals facilitating their function in a body tissue or organ.KitsIn an aspect, the present disclosure provides a kit comprising the polynucleotide described herein.In some embodiments, the kit described herein comprises a first polynucleotide and a second polynucleotide,wherein the first polynucleotide a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the N-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof, or between the first and second amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; andwherein the second polynucleotide comprises a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the C-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; or a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the C-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the third and fourth amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; and wherein the sequence further encodes a cysteine and a phenylalanine, or a cysteine and a tryptophan, at the N-terminus of the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof.In some embodiments of the kit described herein, the first polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding an N-terminal portion of an intein, which is linked to the C-terminus of the sequence encoding the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof. In some embodiments, the intein is selected from Mxe GyrA, Npu, Ssp-DnaB, Ssp-GyrB and Rma. In some embodiments, the intein is Rma. In some embodiments, the first polynucleotide further comprises one or more guide RNA or a sequence encoding thereof. In some embodiments, at least one of the guide RNA comprises a reverse transcriptase template. In some embodiments, the first polynucleotide further comprises an RNA polymerase III promoter. In some embodiments, the RNA polymerase III promoter is a U6 promoter. In some embodiments, the first polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding a protein with enzymatic activity. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a reverse transcriptase or a functional fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the reverse transcriptase is a Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (MMLV-RT) or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a cytidine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, an adenosine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, or a methylase or a functional fragment thereof.In some embodiments of the kit described herein, the second polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding a C-terminal portion of an intein, which is linked to the N-terminus of the sequence encoding the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof. In some embodiments, the intein is selected from Mxe GyrA, Npu, Ssp-DnaB, Ssp-GyrB and Rma. In some embodiments, the intein is Rma. In some embodiments, the second polynucleotide further comprises one or more guide RNA or a sequence encoding thereof. In some embodiments, at least one of the guide RNA comprises a reverse transcriptase template. In some embodiments, the second polynucleotide further comprises an RNA polymerase III promoter. In some embodiments, the RNA polymerase III promoter is a U6 promoter. In some embodiments, the second polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding a protein with enzymatic activity. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a reverse transcriptase or a functional fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the reverse transcriptase is a Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (MMLV-RT) or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a cytidine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, an adenosine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, or a methylase or a functional fragment thereof.In some embodiments, the kit described herein comprises a first polynucleotide and a second polynucleotide,wherein the first polynucleotide comprises a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the N-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof, or between the first and second amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; andwherein the second polynucleotide comprises a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the C-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; or a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the C-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the third and fourth amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; and wherein the sequence further encodes a cysteine and a phenylalanine, or a cysteine and a tryptophan, at the N-terminus of the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof; andwherein the first polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding an N-terminal portion of an intein, which is linked to the C-terminus of the sequence encoding the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof; andwherein the second polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding a C-terminal portion of an intein, which is linked to the N-terminus of the sequence encoding the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof; andwherein the N-terminal portion of the intein and the C-terminal portion of the intein forms a full-length intein.In some embodiments, the intein is selected from Mxe-GyrA, Npu, Ssp-DnaB, Ssp-GyrB and Rma. In some embodiments, the intein is Rma.In some embodiments of the kit described herein, at least one of the polynucleotides comprises a guide RNA or a sequence encoding thereof. In some embodiments, the guide RNA is a pegRNA, which comprises a reverse transcriptase template. In some embodiments, at least one of the polynucleotides comprises a pegRNA and a sgRNA that targets the editing strand of the gene editing system and introduces a nick in the unedited strand, such as in PE3 system. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprising the guide RNA further comprises a U6 promoter. In some embodiments, the first polynucleotide comprises a pegRNA, the second polynucleotide comprises a sgRNA, and each polynucleotide further comprises a U6 promoter.In some embodiments of the kit described herein, at least one of the polynucleotides comprises a sequence encoding a protein with enzymatic activity. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a reverse transcriptase or a functional fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the reverse transcriptase is a Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (MMLV-RT) or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a cytidine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, an adenosine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, or a methylase or a functional fragment thereof.In an aspect, the present disclosure provides a kit comprising the vector described herein.In some embodiments, the kit described herein comprises a first vector comprising a first polynucleotide and a second vector comprising a second polynucleotide,wherein the first polynucleotide a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the N-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof, or between the first and second amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; andwherein the second polynucleotide comprises a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the C-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; or a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the C-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the third and fourth amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; and wherein the sequence further encodes a cysteine and a phenylalanine, or a cysteine and a tryptophan, at the N-terminus of the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof.In some embodiments of the kit described herein, the first polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding an N-terminal portion of an intein, which is linked to the C-terminus of the sequence encoding the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof. In some embodiments, the intein is selected from Mxe GyrA, Npu, Ssp-DnaB, Ssp-GyrB and Rma. In some embodiments, the intein is Rma. In some embodiments, the first polynucleotide further comprises one or more guide RNA or a sequence encoding thereof. In some embodiments, at least one of the guide RNA comprises a reverse transcriptase template. In some embodiments, the first polynucleotide further comprises an RNA polymerase III promoter. In some embodiments, the RNA polymerase III promoter is a U6 promoter. In some embodiments, the first polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding a protein with enzymatic activity. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a reverse transcriptase or a functional fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the reverse transcriptase is a Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (MMLV-RT) or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a cytidine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, an adenosine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, or a methylase or a functional fragment thereof.In some embodiments of the kit described herein, the second polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding a C-terminal portion of an intein, which is linked to the N-terminus of the sequence encoding the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof. In some embodiments, the intein is selected from Mxe GyrA, Npu, Ssp-DnaB, Ssp-GyrB and Rma. In some embodiments, the intein is Rma. In some embodiments, the second polynucleotide further comprises one or more guide RNA or a sequence encoding thereof. In some embodiments, at least one of the guide RNA comprises a reverse transcriptase template. In some embodiments, the second polynucleotide further comprises an RNA polymerase III promoter. In some embodiments, the RNA polymerase III promoter is a U6 promoter. In some embodiments, the second polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding a protein with enzymatic activity. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a reverse transcriptase or a functional fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the reverse transcriptase is a Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (MMLV-RT) or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a cytidine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, an adenosine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, or a methylase or a functional fragment thereof.In some embodiments, the kit described herein comprises a first vector comprising a first polynucleotide and a second vector comprising a second polynucleotide,wherein the first polynucleotide comprises a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the N-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof, or between the first and second amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; andwherein the second polynucleotide comprises a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the C-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; or a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the C-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the third and fourth amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; and wherein the sequence further encodes a cysteine and a phenylalanine, or a cysteine and a tryptophan, at the N-terminus of the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof; andwherein the first polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding an N-terminal portion of an intein, which is linked to the C-terminus of the sequence encoding the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof; andwherein the second polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding a C-terminal portion of an intein, which is linked to the N-terminus of the sequence encoding the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof; andwherein the N-terminal portion of the intein and the C-terminal portion of the intein forms a full-length intein.In some embodiments, the intein is selected from Mxe-GyrA, Npu, Ssp-DnaB, Ssp-GyrB and Rma. In some embodiments, the intein is Rma.In some embodiments of the kit described herein, at least one of the polynucleotides comprises a guide RNA or a sequence encoding thereof. In some embodiments, the guide RNA is a pegRNA, which comprises a reverse transcriptase template. In some embodiments, at least one of the polynucleotides comprises a pegRNA and a sgRNA that targets the editing strand of the gene editing system and introduces a nick in the unedited strand, such as in PE3 system. In some embodiments, the polynucleotide comprising the guide RNA further comprises a U6 promoter. In some embodiments, the first polynucleotide comprises a pegRNA, the second polynucleotide comprises a sgRNA, and each polynucleotide further comprises a U6 promoter.In some embodiments of the kit described herein, at least one of the polynucleotides comprises a sequence encoding a protein with enzymatic activity. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a reverse transcriptase or a functional fragment thereof. In some embodiments, the reverse transcriptase is a Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (MMLV-RT) or a variant thereof. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a cytidine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, an adenosine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, or a methylase or a functional fragment thereof.In some embodiments of the kit described herein, at least one of the vectors is AAV vector. In some embodiments of the composition described herein, the two vectors are both AAV vectors.In some embodiments of the kit described herein, the Cas9 protein or variant thereof is a Cas9 nickase (nCas9) . In some embodiments of the polynucleotide described herein, the Cas9 protein or variant thereof is a Cas9n-H840A (SEQ ID NO: 23) , an eSp-Cas9 (SEQ ID NO: 17) , a HiFi-Cas9 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a Lz3-Cas9 (SEQ ID NO: 19) , a SpCas9-NG (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a Sniper-Cas9 (SEQ ID NO: 21) , a SuperFiCas9 (SEQ ID NO: 22) , or a dCas9 (SEQ ID NO: 24) .In some embodiments of the kit described herein, the Cas9 protein or variant thereof can be replaced by other Cas proteins with high sequence homology with the wild-type Cas9 protein near the disclosed split sites.MethodsIn an aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for altering a target nucleic acid in a cell comprising delivering the composition or kit described herein into the cell.In an aspect, the present disclosure provides a method for altering a target nucleic acid in a cell comprising:providing to the cell a first polynucleotide encoding an N-terminal portion of a Cas9 protein or variant thereof,providing to the cell a second polynucleotide encoding the rest C-terminal portion of the Cas9 protein or variant thereof,providing to the cell a guide RNA comprising a spacer sequence which is complementary to the target nucleic acid,wherein the cell is capable of carrying out RNA trans-splicing and / or intein-mediated protein trans-splicing, and wherein the cell expresses the Cas9 protein or variant thereof in full; and wherein the split site is located between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; or wherein the split site is located between the first and second amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof, and the first two amino acids at the N-terminus of the second polynucleotide are replaced with a cysteine and a phenylalanine, or a cysteine and a tryptophan.In some embodiments of the method described herein, the first polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding an N-terminal portion of an intein, which is linked to the C-terminus of the sequence encoding the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, and wherein the second polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding the rest C-terminal portion of the intein, which is linked to the N-terminus of the sequence encoding the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof. In some embodiments, the intein is selected from Mxe GyrA, Npu, Ssp-DnaB, Ssp-GyrB and Rma.In some embodiments, the intein is Rma, and the sequence encoding the N-terminal portion of Rma and C-terminal portion of Rma are as shown in Table 2. In some embodiments, the intein is Npu, and the sequence encoding the N-terminal portion of Npu and C-terminal portion of Npu are as shown in Table 2.Table 2In some embodiments of the method described herein, the method further comprises providing to the cell a protein with enzymatic activity or a polynucleotide encoding thereof. In some embodiments of the method described herein, the method further comprises a sequence encoding the protein with enzymatic activity. In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a reverse transcriptase. In some embodiments, the reverse transcriptase is moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (MMLV-RT) , or a functional variant thereof.In some embodiments, the protein with enzymatic activity is a cytidine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, an adenosine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, or a methylase or a functional fragment thereof.In some embodiments, at least one of the polynucleotides further comprises a guide RNA or a sequence encoding thereof. In some embodiments of the method described herein, the guide RNA further comprises a reverse transcriptase template.In some embodiments of the method described herein, the first polynucleotide is provided by a first vector, and the second polynucleotide is provided by a second vector.In some embodiments of the method described herein, the first and second vectors are viral vectors.In some embodiments of the method described herein, the viral vector is selected from adenovirus, lentivirus, and adeno-associated virus (AAV) .In some embodiments of the method described herein, the Cas9 protein or variant thereof is a Cas9 nickase (nCas9) . In some embodiments of the polynucleotide described herein, the Cas9 protein or variant thereof is a Cas9n-H840A (SEQ ID NO: 23) , an eSp-Cas9 (SEQ ID NO: 17) , a HiFi-Cas9 (SEQ ID NO: 18) , a Lz3-Cas9 (SEQ ID NO: 19) , a SpCas9-NG (SEQ ID NO: 20) , a Sniper-Cas9 (SEQ ID NO: 21) , a SuperFiCas9 (SEQ ID NO: 22) , or a dCas9 (SEQ ID NO: 24) .In some embodiments of the method described herein, the Cas9 protein or variant thereof can be replaced by other Cas proteins with high sequence homology with the wild-type Cas9 protein near the disclosed split sites.The delivery of the recited components in the methods described herein can be carried out with techniques well-known in the arts, for example but not limited to, electroporation, biolistic particle delivery, liposomal transfection, and viral transfection.In some embodiments of the method described herein, the target nucleic acid is altered in vitro. In some embodiments, the method described herein is carried out in vitro.In some embodiments of the method described herein, the target nucleic acid is altered in vivo. In some embodiments, the method described herein is carried out in vivo. In some embodiments, the recited components are packed into one or more viral vectors, for example AAV vectors, to be delivered into the cell.The Split-PE system disclosed herein is particularly useful for in vivo gene therapy and gene editing. Options of delivery vector for in vivo gene editing are very limited, wherein viral vectors, for example AAV, are one of the most verified and commonly used delivery vectors. However, application of AAV vectors is often restricted by its cargo capacity (~4.7 kb) . The Split-PE systems disclosed herein provide a solution to overcome this limitation of AAV application, thus enabling more general use of AAV and other viral vectors for in vivo gene editing and gene therapy. Example 2 shows that the Split-PE system performs well in AAV transfection, indicating that it can work in in vivo gene editing.Table 3EXAMPLEExample 1 Editing Endogenous Sites in Human Cell Lines by Plasmid TransientTransfection of Split-PEFive PE 2 split sites were designed, which are respectively 959-960, 1023-1026, 1039-1040, 1087-1088, and 1115-1116. (Fig. 1) . The five split sites are combined with two inteins, Rma and Npu, to obtain 8 different split PE constructs, which are Split-PE2-Rma-959 (Fig. 8, SEQ ID NOs: 53 and 54) , Split-PE2-Rma-1039 (Fig. 9a, SEQ ID NOs: 55 and 56) , Split-PE2-Rma-1087 (Fig. 10, SEQ ID NOs: 61 and 62) , Split-PE2-Rma-1115 (Fig. 11, SEQ ID NOs: 63 and 64) , Split-PE2-Npu-1023-CF (Fig. 12, SEQ ID NOs: 65 and 66) , Split-PE2-Npu-1023-CW (Fig. 13, SEQ ID NOs: 67 and 68) , Split-PE2-Npu-1039-CF (Fig. 9b, SEQ ID NOs: 57 and 58) , and Split-PE2-Npu-1039-CW (Fig. 9c, SEQ ID NOs: 59 and 60) , respectively.First, these 8 split-PE constructs were transiently transfected into HEK293T cells by plasmid. Editing efficiency and corresponding indel percentage were tested. Split-PE-Rma-1024 (Fig. 7, SEQ ID NOs: 51 and 52) was the control group. It was reported to have relatively high editing efficiency. The endogenous EMX1 gene was selected as one of the edited sites. pegRNA was designed to achieve G: C to T: Abase substitution at the specific site (Fig. 2) . The result of high-throughput sequencing shows that at the endogenous site EMX1, Split-PE2-Rma-1039, Split-PE2-Rma-1087, and Split-PE2-Rma-1115 showed similar or higher single base substitution efficiency, compared to Split-PE2-Rma-1024 (control) (Figs. 3, 7-13) . Split-PE2-Rma-1115 (5.36%) had the highest editing efficiency, which was 1.6 times of the editing efficiency of Split-PE2-Rma-1024 (control, 3.28%) .The endogenous FANCF gene was selected as another edited site. pegRNA was designed to achieve G: C to T: Abase substitution at the specific site. The result of high-throughput sequencing shows that at the endogenous site FANCF, Split-PE2-Rma-1039, Split-PE2-Rma-1087, and Split-PE2-Rma-1115 showed similar or higher single base substitution efficiency, compared to Split-PE2-Rma-1024 (control) . (Fig 14a) . Split-PE2-Rma-1115 (3.78%) had the highest editing efficiency, which was 1.35 times of the editing efficiency of Split-PE2-Rma-1024 (control, 2.8%) .The endogenous HEK3 was selected as the third edited site. pegRNA was designed to achieve CTT insertion at the specific site (Fig. 14b) . The result of high-throughput sequencing shows that at the endogenous site HEK3, Split-PE2-Rma-1115 (9.14%) had the highest editing efficiency, which was 1.08 times of the editing efficiency of Split-PE2-Rma-1024 (control, 8.4%%) (Fig. 14b) .The above data shows that when transfected into cells in the form of plasmids, the new split sites combined with Rma intein can further improve the editing efficiency of Split-PE, bringing a more effective Split-PE system.Example 2 Dual AAV Vector Delivery of Split-PE to Endogenous Site in Human Cell LinesBased on the results from plasmid transient transfection assay, Split-PE-Rma-1039、Split-PE-Rma-1087, and Split-PE-Rma-1115 were selected. They were packed into AAV2. AAV2 is a commonly used AAV vector serotype, which can efficiently infect HEK293T cells. First, each of the above-mentioned plasmid vector plus a helper plasmid were packed into an AAV2 vector, concentrated, and purified to obtain a virus with a titer of about 1 × 1013. The virus multiplicity of infection (MOI) of the two combinations of Split-PE used to infect HEK293T was added at a ratio of 1: 1, each is 5×105. Cells were harvested 7 days after virus infection to extract cellular genomic DNA. (Figure 6) . The result of high-throughput sequencing shows that at the endogenous site EMX1, dual-AAV delivered new Split-PE construct achieved single base substitution with high efficiency. Compared to Split-PE-Rma-1024 (control, ~3.33%) , Split-PE-Rma-959 (~6.37%) , Split-PE-Rma-1039 (~7.27%) , Split-PE-Rma-1087 (~5.14%) , and Split-PE-Rma-1115 (~19.3%) all showed higher single base substitution efficiency. (Figs. 4, 7-13) . There was good correlation with the results of plasmid transient transfection. The single base conversion efficiency at EMX1 of Split-PE-Rma-1115 (~19.3%) is 5.8 times of that of Split-PE-Rma-1024 (control, ~3.33%) .These results show that the new Split-PE systems all have higher editing efficiency in both plasmid transient transfection and dual-AAV transfection than the control group. These combinations of split site and the use of intein can be further tested on other versions of PE in order to achieve higher in vivo gene editing efficiency.Example 3 Editing Endogenous Sites in Human Cell Lines by Plasmid TransientTransfection of Split-PEAnother seven ePE3 split sites were designed, which are respectively 212-213, 269-270, 309-310, 367-368, 459-460, 554-555, 940-941, and 1115-1116 (Fig. 1) . The 7 split sites are combined with the intein Rma to obtain 7 different split ePE3 constructs, which are Split-ePE3-Rma-212 (Fig. 17, SEQ ID NOs: 71 and 72) , Split-ePE3-Rma-269 (Fig. 18, SEQ ID NOs: 73 and 74) , Split-ePE3-Rma-309 (Fig. 19, SEQ ID NOs: 75 and 76) , Split-ePE3-Rma-367 (Fig. 20, SEQ ID NOs: 77 and 78) , Split-ePE3-Rma-459 (Fig. 21, SEQ ID NOs: 79 and 80) , Split-ePE3-Rma-554 (Fig. 22, SEQ ID NOs: 81 and 82) , Split-ePE3-Rma-940 (Fig. 23, SEQ ID NOs: 83 and 84) , respectively. The 1115-1116 split site was used in a ePE3 setting, in which the pegRNA was designed as epegRNA and a nicking gRNA was included in the Split-ePE3-Rma-1115 (Fig. 30, SEQ ID NOs: 91 and 92) .These 8 split-ePE3 constructs were transiently transfected into HEK293T cells by plasmid. Editing efficiency and corresponding indel percentage were tested. The endogenous EMX1 gene was selected as one of the edited sites. pegRNA was designed to achieve G: C to T: A base substitution at the specific site. (Fig. 15) . The result of high-throughput sequencing shows that at the endogenous site EMX1, split-ePE3-Rma-367 had the highest editing efficiency (25.56%) .We selected additional 7 endogenous sites to compare the efficiency of base substitution of Split-ePE3-Rma-367 (Fig. 20) and Split-ePE3-Rma-1115 (Fig. 30) to the three controls including Split-ePE3-Npu-1024 (Fig. 27, SEQ ID NOs: 85 and 86) , Split-ePE3-Rma-1024 (Fig. 28, SEQ ID NOs: 87 and 88) , and Split-ePE3-Rma-1105 (Fig. 29, SEQ ID NOs: 89 and 90) . (The three constructs used for control are reported in Levy et al., 2020, Zhi et al., 2022, and She et al., 2023) . The seven endogenous editing sites were APP (epegRNA was designed to achieve G: C to A: T) , CETP (epegRNA was designed to achieve C: G to T: A) , VEGFA (epegRNA was designed to achieve G: C to T: A) , ALDOB (epegRNA was designed to achieve G: C to A: T) , SLC30A8 (epegRNA was designed to achieve G: C to A: T) , MECP2 (epegRNA was designed to achieve C: G to T: A) , and FANCF (epegRNA was designed to achieve G: C to T: A) (Fig. 25) . At the endogenous sites APP, CETP, MECP2, the editing efficiencies are similar among the Split-ePE3-Rma-367, Split-ePE3-Rma-1115, and Split-ePE3-Npu-1024. At the endogenous sites VEGFA, ALDOB, SLC30A8, and FANCF, either Split-ePE3-Rma-367 or Split-ePE3-Rma-1115 showed the highest editing efficiencies compared to the three controls.We selected 4 endogenous sites to compare the efficiency of base insertion of Split-ePE3-Rma-367 (Fig. 20) and Split-ePE3-Rma-1115 (Fig. 30) to the three controls including Split-ePE3-Npu-1024 (Fig. 27) , Split-ePE3-Rma-1024 (Fig. 28) , and Split-ePE3-Rma-1105 (Fig. 29) . The 4 endogenous editing sites were RNF2 (epegRNA was designed to insert GTA to the specific site) , HEK3 (epegRNA was designed to insert CTT to the specific site) , ANGPTL3 (epegRNA was designed to insert C to the specific site) , and TTR (epegRNA was designed to insert A to the specific site) (Fig. 26) . At three of the 4 endogenous sites RNF2, HEK3, and TTR, Split-ePE3-Rma-1115 had the highest editing efficiency. And at the endogenous site ANGPTL3, Split-ePE3-Npu-1024 had the highest editing efficiency and Split-ePE3-Rma-1115 the second highest editing efficiency.The above data shows that when transfected into cells in the form of plasmids, the new split sites combined with Rma intein can further improve the editing efficiency of Split-ePE3, bringing a more effective Split-ePE3 system.Example 4 Methods Used in the ExamplesCell culture, transfection and genomic DNA preparationHEK293T (ATCC CRL-3216) cells were maintained in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) plus 1%GlutaMax (Thermo Fisher) , supplemented with 10%fetal bovine serum (Gemini FBS) at 37℃ and 5%CO2. Cells were maintained at confluency below 90%and seeded on 24-well cell culture plates (Thermo Fisher) .For the transfection of Split-PE plasmids, cells were transfected at 60%-70%confluency using 3 uL of Lipofectamine 3000 (Thermo Fisher) with 1500 ng each half of the Split-PE. Cells were cultured for 3 days, and then genomic DNA was extracted using TIANamp Genomic DNA Kit (TIANGEN) .For the transduction of Split-PE AAV, about 60, 000 HEK293T cells were seeded in each well of 24-well plate and infected with AAV2 at MOI=106. Cells were cultured for 7 days, and genomic DNA was extracted using TIANamp Genomic DNA Kit (TIANGEN) . AAV2 plasmids were ordered from General Biol (http: / / www. generalbiol. com / ) , and AAV2 virus were ordered from PackGene Biotech.Amplification for deep sequencingLocus-specific primers (Table 4) were used to generate targeted amplicons for deep sequencing. First, input genomic DNA was amplified in a 50 uL reaction for 35 cycles usingHigh-Fidelity 2X Master Mix (New England Biolabs) . PCR products were purified using AMPure XP beads (Beckman Coulter) and subsequently amplified for 10 cycles using primers with sequencing adapters. The PCR products were purified by AMPure XP beads (Beckman Coulter) and quantified using Nanodrop One (Thermo Fisher) .Deep sequencing data analysisDeep sequencing data were processed using CRISSPResso2 (https: / / github. com / pinellolab / CRISPResso2) . Prime editing efficiency was calculated as the percentage of the reads representing correct editing and the total reads. Indel efficiency was calculated as the percentage of all mutated reads and the total reads.Statistical analysisStatistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism. Data were represented as biological replicates and mean ± s. d. as indicated in the corresponding figures. Likewise, the respective figure legends described sample sizes and the statistical tests used in detail. For all analyses, P<0.05 values were considered statistically significant.Table 4REFERENCE1 Cong, L. et al. Multiplex genome engineering using CRISPR / Cas systems. 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Claims
1.A polynucleotide comprising a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the N-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof, or between the first and second amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof.2.The polynucleotide of claim 1, further comprising a sequence encoding an N-terminal portion of an intein, which is linked to the C-terminus of the sequence encoding the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof.3.The polynucleotide of claim 2, wherein the intein is selected from Mxe-GyrA, Npu, Ssp-DnaB, Ssp-GyrB and Rma.4.The polynucleotide of claim 3, wherein the intein is Rma.5.The polynucleotide of any one of claims 1-4, further comprising one or more guide RNA or a sequence encoding thereof.6.The polynucleotide of claim 5, wherein at least one of the guide RNA comprises a reverse transcriptase template.7.The polynucleotide of any one of claims 1-6, further comprising an RNA polymerase III promoter.8.The polynucleotide of claim 7, wherein the RNA polymerase III promoter is a U6 promoter.9.The polynucleotide of any one of claims 1-8, further comprising a sequence encoding a protein with enzymatic activity.10.The polynucleotide of claim 9, wherein the protein with enzymatic activity is a reverse transcriptase or a functional fragment thereof.11.The polynucleotide of claim 10, wherein the reverse transcriptase is a Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (MMLV-RT) or a variant thereof.12.The polynucleotide of claim 9, wherein the protein with enzymatic activity is a cytidine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, an adenosine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, or a methylase or a functional fragment thereof.13.The polynucleotide of any one of claims 1-12, further comprising a sequence encoding a 2A peptide (P2A) .14.The polynucleotide of any one of claims 1-13, further comprising a sequence encoding a nuclear localization signal (NLS) .15.A polynucleotide comprising a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the C-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof.16.A polynucleotide comprising a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains the C-terminal part of a full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site, wherein the split site is located between the third and fourth amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; and wherein the sequence further encodes a cysteine and a phenylalanine, or a cysteine and a tryptophan, at the N-terminus of the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof.17.The polynucleotide of claim 15 or 16, further comprising a sequence encoding a C-terminal portion of an intein, which is linked to the N-terminus of the sequence encoding the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof.18.The polynucleotide of claim 17, wherein the intein is selected from Mxe GyrA, Npu, Ssp-DnaB, Ssp-GyrB and Rma.19.The polynucleotide of claim 18, wherein the intein is Rma.20.The polynucleotide of any one of claims 15-19, further comprising one or more guide RNA or a sequence encoding thereof.21.The polynucleotide of claim 20, wherein at least one of the guide RNA comprises a reverse transcriptase template.22.The polynucleotide of any one of claims 15-21, further comprising an RNA polymerase III promoter.23.The polynucleotide of claim 22, wherein the RNA polymerase III promoter is a U6 promoter.24.The polynucleotide of any one of claims 15-23, further comprising a sequence encoding a protein with enzymatic activity.25.The polynucleotide of claim 24, wherein the protein with enzymatic activity is a reverse transcriptase or a functional fragment thereof.26.The polynucleotide of claim 25, wherein the reverse transcriptase is a Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (MMLV-RT) or a variant thereof.27.The polynucleotide of claim 24, wherein the protein with enzymatic activity is a cytidine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, an adenosine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, or a methylase or a functional fragment thereof.28.The polynucleotide of any one of claims 15-7, further comprising a sequence encoding a 2A peptide (P2A) .29.The polynucleotide of any one of claims 15-28, further comprising a sequence encoding a nuclear localization signal (NLS) .30.A polynucleotide comprising a sequence encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof, wherein the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof contains a part of the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof between a first split site and a second split site, wherein the first split site is located upstream to the second split site, wherein at least one of the two split sites is selected from a site between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 and 12, and a site between the first and second amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11; wherein if the first split site is between the first and second amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11, the first two amino acid at the N-terminus of the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof are replaced with a cysteine and a phenylalanine, or a cysteine and a tryptophan.31.A polynucleotide of claim 30, wherein both the two split sites are selected from a site between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 and 12, and a site between the first and second amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11; wherein if the first split site is between the first and second amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11, the first two amino acid at the N-terminus of the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof are replaced with a cysteine and a phenylalanine, or a cysteine and a tryptophan.32.A vector comprising the polynucleotide in any one of claims 1-31.33.The vector of claim 32, wherein the vector is a viral vector.34.The vector of claim 33, wherein the viral vector is selected from adenovirus, lentivirus, and adeno-associated virus (AAV) .35.The vector of claim 34, wherein the vector is an AAV.36.A composition comprising the polynucleotide in any one of claims 1-31.37.The composition of claim 36, wherein the composition comprising a first polynucleotide in any one of claims 1-14, and a second polynucleotide in any one of claims 15-29.38.The composition of claim 37, wherein the first polynucleotide is the polynucleotide of any one of claims 2-14, and the second polynucleotide is the polynucleotide of any one of claims 17-29, wherein the N-terminal portion of the intein in the first polynucleotide and the C-terminal portion of the intein in the second polynucleotide forms a full-length intein.39.The composition of any one of claims 36-38, wherein at least one of the polynucleotide comprises a guide RNA or a sequence encoding thereof.40.The composition of any one of claims 36-39, wherein at least one of the polynucleotides comprises a sequence encoding a protein with enzymatic activity.41.The composition of claim 40, wherein the protein with enzymatic activity is a reverse transcriptase or a functional fragment thereof.42.The composition of claim 41, wherein the reverse transcriptase is a Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (MMLV-RT) or a variant thereof.43.The composition of claim 40, wherein the protein with enzymatic activity is a cytidine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, an adenosine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, or a methylase or a functional fragment thereof.44.A composition comprising the vector in any one of claims 35-35.45.The composition of claim 44, wherein the composition comprises a first vector comprising a first polynucleotide in any one of claims 1-14, and a second vector comprising a second polynucleotide in any one of claims 15-29.46.The composition of claim 45, wherein the first polynucleotide is the polynucleotide of any one of claims 2-14, and the second polynucleotide is the polynucleotide of any one of claims 17-29, wherein the N-terminal portion of the intein in the first polynucleotide and the C-terminal portion of the intein in the second polynucleotide forms a full-length intein.47.The composition of any one of claims 44-46, wherein at least one of the polynucleotide comprises a guide RNA or a sequence encoding thereof.48.The composition of any one of claims 44-47, wherein at least one of the polynucleotide comprises a sequence encoding a protein with enzymatic activity.49.The composition of claim 48, wherein the protein with enzymatic activity is a reverse transcriptase or a functional fragment thereof.50.The composition of claim 49, wherein the reverse transcriptase is a Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (MMLV-RT) or a variant thereof.51.The composition of claim 48, wherein the protein with enzymatic activity is a cytidine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, an adenosine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, or a methylase or a functional fragment thereof.52.The composition of any one of claims 44-51, wherein the two vectors are both AAV vectors.53.A cell comprising the polynucleotide in any one of claims 1-31.54.The cell of claim 53, wherein the cell comprises a first polynucleotide in any one of claims 1-14, and a second polynucleotide in any one of claims 15-29.55.The cell of claim 54, wherein the first polynucleotide is the polynucleotide of any one of claims 2-14, and the second polynucleotide is the polynucleotide of any one of claims 17-29, wherein the N-terminal portion of the intein in the first polynucleotide and the C-terminal portion of the intein in the second polynucleotide forms a full-length intein.56.The cell of any one of claims 53-55, wherein at least one of the polynucleotide comprises a guide RNA or a sequence encoding thereof.57.The cell of any one of claims 53-56, wherein at least one of the polynucleotide comprises a sequence encoding a protein with enzymatic activity.58.The cell of claim 57, wherein the protein with enzymatic activity is a reverse transcriptase or a functional fragment thereof.59.The cell of claim 58, wherein the reverse transcriptase is a Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (MMLV-RT) or a variant thereof.60.The cell of claim 57, wherein the protein with enzymatic activity is a cytidine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, an adenosine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, or a methylase or a functional fragment thereof.61.A cell comprising the vector in any one of claims 32-35.62.The cell of claim 61, wherein the cell comprises a first vector comprising a first polynucleotide in any one of claims 1-14, and a second vector comprising a second polynucleotide in any one of claims 15-29.63.The cell of claim 62, wherein the first polynucleotide is the polynucleotide of any one of claims 2-14, and the second polynucleotide is the polynucleotide of any one of claims 17-29, wherein the N-terminal portion of the intein in the first polynucleotide and the C-terminal portion of the intein in the second polynucleotide forms a full-length intein.64.The cell of any one of claims 61-63, wherein at least one of the polynucleotide comprises a guide RNA or a sequence encoding thereof.65.The cell of any one of claims 61-64, wherein at least one of the polynucleotide comprises a sequence encoding a protein with enzymatic activity.66.The cell of claim 65, wherein the protein with enzymatic activity is a reverse transcriptase or a functional fragment thereof.67.The cell of claim 66, wherein the reverse transcriptase is a Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (MMLV-RT) or a variant thereof.68.The cell of claim 65, wherein the protein with enzymatic activity is a cytidine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, an adenosine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, or a methylase or a functional fragment thereof.69.The cell of any one of claims 61-68, wherein the two vectors are both AAV vectors.70.A kit comprising the polynucleotide in any one of claims 1-31.71.The kit of claim 70, wherein the kit comprises a first polynucleotide in any one of claims 1-14, and a second polynucleotide in any one of claims 15-29.72.The kit of claim 71, wherein the first polynucleotide is the polynucleotide of any one of claims 2-14, and the second polynucleotide is the polynucleotide of any one of claims 17-29, wherein the N-terminal portion of the intein in the first polynucleotide and the C-terminal portion of the intein in the second polynucleotide forms a full-length intein.73.The kit of any one of claims 70-72, wherein at least one of the polynucleotide comprises a guide RNA or a sequence encoding thereof.74.The kit of any one of claims 70-73, wherein at least one of the polynucleotide comprises a sequence encoding a protein with enzymatic activity.75.The kit of claim 74, wherein the protein with enzymatic activity is a reverse transcriptase or a functional fragment thereof.76.The kit of claim 75, wherein the reverse transcriptase is a Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (MMLV-RT) or a variant thereof.77.The kit of claim 74, wherein the protein with enzymatic activity is a cytidine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, an adenosine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, or a methylase or a functional fragment thereof.78.A kit comprising the vector in any one of claims 32-35.79.The kit of claim 78, wherein the kit comprises a first vector comprising a first polynucleotide in any one of claims 1-14, and a second vector comprising a second polynucleotide in any one of claims 15-29.80.The kit of claim 79, wherein the first polynucleotide is the polynucleotide of any one of claims 2-14, and the second polynucleotide is the polynucleotide of any one of claims 17-29, wherein the N-terminal portion of the intein in the first polynucleotide and the C-terminal portion of the intein in the second polynucleotide forms a full-length intein.81.The kit of any one of claims 78-80, wherein at least one of the polynucleotide comprises a guide RNA or a sequence encoding thereof.82.The kit of any one of claims 78-81, wherein at least one of the polynucleotide comprises a sequence encoding a protein with enzymatic activity.83.The kit of claim 82, wherein the protein with enzymatic activity is a reverse transcriptase or a functional fragment thereof.84.The kit of claim 83, wherein the reverse transcriptase is a Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (MMLV-RT) or a variant thereof.85.The kit of claim 82, wherein the protein with enzymatic activity is a cytidine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, an adenosine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, or a methylase or a functional fragment thereof.86.The kit of any one of claims 78-85, wherein the two vectors are both AAV vectors.87.A method for altering a target nucleic acid in a cell comprising deliveringa. the composition of any one of claims 36-52 into the cell; orb. the kit of any one of claims 70-86 into the cell.88.A method for altering a target nucleic acid in a cell comprising:a. providing to the cell a first polynucleotide encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof that contains the N-terminal part of a Cas9 protein or variant thereof that is split into two parts at a split site,b. providing to the cell a second polynucleotide encoding a truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof that contains the C-terminal part of the Cas9 protein or variant thereof in (a) ,c. providing to the cell a guide RNA comprising a spacer sequence which is complementary to the target nucleic acid,wherein the cell is capable of carrying out RNA trans-splicing and / or intein-mediated protein trans-splicing, and wherein the cell expresses the Cas9 protein or variant thereof in full; andwherein the split site is located between the second and the third amino acid of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-10 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof; orwherein the split site is located between the first and second amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 11 in the full-length Cas9 protein or variant thereof, and the first two amino acids at the N-terminus of the second polynucleotide are replaced with a cysteine and a phenylalanine, or a cysteine and a tryptophan.89.The method of claim 88, wherein the first polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding an N-terminal portion of an intein, which is linked to the C-terminus of the sequence encoding the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof in (a) , and wherein the second polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding the rest C-terminal portion of the intein, which is linked to the N-terminus of the sequence encoding the truncated Cas9 protein or variant thereof in (b) .90.The method of claim 89, wherein the intein is selected from Mxe GyrA, Npu, Ssp-DnaB, Ssp-GyrB and Rma .91.The method of claim 90, wherein the intein is Rma.92.The method of any one of claims 88-91, further comprising providing to the cell a protein with enzymatic activity or a polynucleotide encoding thereof.93.The method of claim 92, wherein at least one of the polynucleotide further comprises a sequence encoding the protein with enzymatic activity.94.The method of any one of claims 92-93, wherein the protein with enzymatic activity is a reverse transcriptase or a functional fragment thereof.95.The method of any one of claims 93-94, wherein the reverse transcriptase is a Moloney murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (MMLV-RT) or a variant thereof.96.The method of any one of claims 92-93, wherein the protein with enzymatic activity is a cytidine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, an adenosine deaminase or a functional fragment thereof, or a methylase or a functional fragment thereof.97.The method of any one of claims 88-96, wherein at least one of the polynucleotide further comprises a guide RNA or a sequence encoding thereof.98.The method of claim 97, wherein the guide RNA comprises a reverse transcriptase template.99.The method of any one of claims 88-98, wherein the first polynucleotide is provided by a first vector, and the second polynucleotide is provided by a second vector.100.The method of claim 99, wherein the first and second vectors are viral vectors.101.The method of claim 100, wherein the viral vector is selected from adenovirus, lentivirus, and adeno-associated virus (AAV) .102.The method of claim 101, wherein the viral vector is AAV.103.The polynucleotide in any one of claims 1-31, wherein the Cas9 protein or variant thereof is a Cas9n-H840A, an eSp-Cas9, a HiFi-Cas9, a Lz3-Cas9, a SpCas9-NG, a Sniper-Cas9, a SuperFiCas9, a HypaCas9, a Cas9HF1, a evoCas9, a SpCas9, an eSpCas9 (1.1) , a xCas9, a SpGCas9, a SpRYCas9, a Cas9-NG, a Cas9-VRQR, a Cas9-VRER, or a dCas9.104.The method in any one of claims 88-102, wherein the Cas9 protein or variant thereof is a Cas9n-H840A, an eSp-Cas9, a HiFi-Cas9, a Lz3-Cas9, a SpCas9-NG, a Sniper-Cas9, a SuperFiCas9, a HypaCas9, a Cas9HF1, a evoCas9, a SpCas9, an eSpCas9 (1.1) , a xCas9, a SpGCas9, a SpRYCas9, a Cas9-NG, a Cas9-VRQR, a Cas9-VRER, or a dCas9.105.The method of any one of 87-102, wherein the method is carried out in vivo.
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