Transmission method and apparatus, device, medium, and program product

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of wireless communications, and discloses a transmission method and apparatus, a device, a medium, and a program product. The method is executed by a first terminal device, and comprises: using a first time-domain resource in a first time-domain resource unit to transmit or backscatter an uplink channel or uplink signal, wherein the first time-domain resource unit comprises a guard interval located before and / or after the first time-domain resource. The guard interval is added before and / or after the first time-domain resource in the first time-domain resource unit, and the uplink channel or uplink signal is not transmitted during the guard interval, so that the problem of early or delayed transmission caused by clock inaccuracy during the transmission of uplink channels or uplink signals can be solved.

Description

Transmission method, device, equipment, medium and program product Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of wireless communications, and in particular to a transmission method, apparatus, device, medium, and program product. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous evolution of wireless communication technology, Ambient power enabled Internet of Things (Ambient IoT / A-IoT) technology is applied to all aspects of production and life, including object recognition, environmental monitoring, positioning, and intelligent control.

[0003] In the related art, to reduce the complexity and power consumption of zero-power devices, a simple clock circuit is generally used as the system clock. However, while reducing complexity and power consumption, it may also bring problems with time synchronization and sampling clock synchronization accuracy.

[0004] Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present application provides a transmission method, apparatus, device, and medium. The technical solution is as follows:

[0006] According to one aspect of an embodiment of the present application, a transmission method is provided, the method being performed by a first terminal device, the method including:

[0007] An uplink channel or an uplink signal is sent or backscattered using a first time domain resource in a first time domain resource unit, wherein the first time domain resource unit further includes a guard interval before and / or after the first time domain resource.

[0008] According to one aspect of an embodiment of the present application, a transmission method is provided, the method being performed by a first terminal device, the method including:

[0009] The receiving first terminal device uses the first time domain resource in the first time domain resource unit to send or backscatter an uplink channel or an uplink signal, and the first time domain resource unit also includes a protection interval located before and / or after the first time domain resource.

[0010] According to one aspect of an embodiment of the present application, a transmission device is provided, the device comprising:

[0011] The sending module is used to use the first time domain resource in the first time domain resource unit to send or backscatter an uplink channel or an uplink signal, and the first time domain resource unit also includes a guard interval before and / or after the first time domain resource.

[0012] According to one aspect of an embodiment of the present application, a transmission device is provided, the device comprising:

[0013] A receiving module is used to receive an uplink channel or uplink signal sent or backscattered by a first terminal device using a first time domain resource in a first time domain resource unit, wherein the first time domain resource unit also includes a protection interval located before and / or after the first time domain resource.

[0014] According to one aspect of an embodiment of the present application, a communication device is provided, the communication device including:

[0015] processor;

[0016] a receiver and / or transmitter connected to the processor;

[0017] a memory for storing executable instructions for the processor;

[0018] Wherein, the communication device is used to implement the transmission method described above.

[0019] According to another aspect of an embodiment of the present application, a communication device is provided, comprising: a receiver and / or a transmitter; wherein the communication device is used to implement the transmission method described above.

[0020] According to one aspect of the present application, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, in which executable instructions are stored. The executable instructions are loaded and executed by the processor to implement the transmission method as described in the above aspect.

[0021] According to one aspect of the present application, a computer program product is provided, which includes computer instructions, wherein the computer instructions are stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and a processor of a computer device reads the computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium, and the processor executes the computer instructions, so that the computer device executes to implement the transmission method described in the above aspect.

[0022] According to one aspect of the present application, a chip is provided, which includes a programmable logic circuit and / or program instructions, and is used to implement the transmission method described in the above aspects when the chip is running.

[0023] According to one aspect of the present application, a computer program is provided, which includes computer instructions. A processor of a computer device executes the computer instructions, so that the computer device executes the transmission method as described in the above aspect.

[0024] The technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application can bring the following beneficial effects:

[0025] By adding a guard interval before and / or after the first time domain resource in the first time domain resource unit, even if the transmission of the uplink channel / signal is advanced or delayed due to clock inaccuracy, the presence of the guard interval will not interfere with adjacent transmissions, thereby avoiding the uplink channel / signal from interfering with adjacent transmissions before and after the first time domain resource unit. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0027] FIG1 shows a schematic diagram of a wireless communication system provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0028] FIG2 shows a schematic diagram of a communication system provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0029] FIG3 shows a schematic diagram of radio frequency energy harvesting provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0030] FIG4 is a schematic diagram showing a backscatter communication process provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0031] FIG5 shows a schematic diagram of resistive load modulation provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0032] FIG6 shows a schematic diagram of an encoding method provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0033] FIG7 is a schematic diagram showing early transmission or delayed transmission due to clock error provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0034] FIG8 shows a flow chart of a transmission method provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0035] FIG9 shows a schematic diagram of a transmission method provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0036] FIG10 shows a flow chart of a transmission method provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0037] FIG11 shows a flow chart of a transmission method provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0038] FIG12 is a schematic diagram showing a transmission method provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0039] FIG13 shows a flow chart of a transmission method provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0040] FIG14 shows a schematic diagram of a transmission method provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0041] FIG15 shows a flow chart of a transmission method provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0042] FIG16 shows a schematic diagram of a transmission method provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0043] FIG17 shows a structural block diagram of a transmission device provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0044] FIG18 shows a structural block diagram of a transmission device provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application;

[0045] FIG19 shows a schematic structural diagram of a wireless communication device provided by some exemplary embodiments of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present application more clear, the embodiments of the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Exemplary embodiments will be described in detail herein, with examples shown in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present application. Instead, they are merely examples of devices and methods consistent with certain aspects of the present application, as detailed in the appended claims.

[0047] The terms used in this application are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit this application. As used in this application and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," "the," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term "and / or" as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0048] It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used in this application to describe various information, such information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish information of the same type from each other. For example, without departing from the scope of this application, first information may also be referred to as second information, and similarly, second information may also be referred to as first information. Depending on the context, the word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "at the time of" or "when" or "in response to determining".

[0049] It should be understood that in the various embodiments of the present application, the size of the serial numbers of the above-mentioned processes does not mean the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application.

[0050] 1 shows a schematic diagram of a wireless communication system provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application. The wireless communication system includes a network device 110 and a terminal device 120, and / or a terminal device 120 and a terminal device 130, which are not limited in the present application.

[0051] The network device 110 in the present application provides wireless communication functions, and the network device 110 includes but is not limited to: Evolved Node B (eNB), Radio Network Controller (RNC), Node B (NB), Base Station Controller (BSC), Base Transceiver Station (BTS), Home Base Station (e.g., Home Evolved Node B, or Home Node B, HNB), Baseband Unit (BBU), Access Point (AP) in Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) system, Wireless Relay Node, Wireless Backhaul Node, Transmission Point (TP) or Transmission and Reception Point (TRP), etc., and can also be the Next Generation Node B (NGNB) in the 5th Generation (5G) mobile communication system. B, gNB) or transmission point (TRP or TP), or one or a group of (including multiple antenna panels) antenna panels of a base station in a 5G system, or it can also be a network node constituting a gNB or transmission point, such as a baseband unit (BBU) or distributed unit (DU), or a base station in a Beyond Fifth Generation (B5G) mobile communication system or a sixth generation (6G) mobile communication system, or a core network (CN), fronthaul, backhaul, radio access network (RAN), network slice, etc., or a reader / writer of a radio frequency identification (RFID) system.

[0052] The terminal device 120 and / or terminal device 130 in this application are also called user equipment (UE), access terminal, user unit, user station, mobile station, mobile station, remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, user terminal, terminal, wireless communication device, user agent, and user device. The terminals include, but are not limited to, handheld devices, wearable devices, vehicle-mounted devices, and Internet of Things devices, such as electronic tags, controllers, mobile phones, tablet computers, e-book readers, laptop computers, desktop computers, televisions, game consoles, mobile Internet devices (MIDs), augmented reality (AR) terminals, virtual reality (VR) terminals, and mixed reality (MR) terminals, wearable devices, handles, wireless terminals in industrial control, wireless terminals in self-driving, wireless terminals in remote medical care, wireless terminals in smart grids, wireless terminals in transportation safety, wireless terminals in smart cities, wireless terminals in smart homes, wireless terminals in remote medical surgery, cellular phones, cordless phones, session initiation protocol (SIP) phones, wireless local loops (WLANs), and wireless terminals in industrial control. Loop (WLL) stations, personal digital assistants (PDAs), TV set-top boxes (STBs), customer premises equipment (CPEs), etc.

[0053] In some embodiments, the network device 110 and the terminal device 120 communicate with each other via some air interface technology, such as a Uu interface.

[0054] In some embodiments, there are two communication scenarios between the network device 110 and the terminal device 120: uplink communication scenario and downlink communication scenario. Uplink communication refers to sending signals to the network device 110; downlink communication refers to sending signals to the terminal device 120.

[0055] In some embodiments, the terminal device 120 and the terminal device 130 communicate with each other via some direct communication interface, such as a PC5 interface.

[0056] In some embodiments, there are two communication scenarios between terminal device 120 and terminal device 130: a first sideline communication scenario and a second sideline communication scenario. The first sideline communication refers to sending signals to terminal device 130, while the second sideline communication refers to sending signals to terminal device 120.

[0057] In some embodiments, terminal device 120 and terminal device 130 are both within the network coverage and located in the same cell, or terminal device 120 and terminal device 130 are both within the network coverage but located in different cells, or terminal device 120 is within the network coverage but terminal device 130 is outside the network coverage.

[0058] The technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application can be applied to various communication systems, such as: Global System of Mobile communication (GSM) system, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system, Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) system, General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, LTE Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) system, LTE Time Division Duplex (TDD) system, Advanced Long Term Evolution (LTE-A) system, Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) communication system, 5G mobile communication system, New Radio (NR) system, NR system evolution system, LTE on unlicensed spectrum (LTE-U) system, NR on unlicensed spectrum (NR-based access to unlicensed spectrum) system. Unlicensed spectrum, NR-U) system, terrestrial communication network (Terrestrial Networks, TN) system, non-terrestrial communication network (Non-Terrestrial Networks, NTN) system, wireless local area network (Wireless Local Area Networks, WLAN), wireless fidelity (Wireless Fidelity, Wi-Fi), cellular Internet of Things system, cellular passive Internet of Things system, ambient power Internet of Things (Ambient Power Enabled Internet of Things, Ambient IoT / A-IoT) system, zero power Internet of Things system, can also be applied to the subsequent evolution system of the 5G NR system, and can also be applied to B5G, 6G and subsequent evolution systems. In some embodiments of the present application, "NR" may also be referred to as a 5G NR system or a 5G system.Among them, the 5G mobile communication system may include non-standalone networking (NSA) and / or standalone networking (SA).

[0059] The technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application can also be applied to machine type communication (MTC), long term evolution technology for machine-to-machine communication (LTE-M), device-to-device (D2D) network, machine-to-machine (M2M) network, Internet of Things (IoT) network or other networks. Among them, the IoT network can include, for example, the Internet of Vehicles. Among them, the communication mode in the Internet of Vehicles system is collectively referred to as vehicle to other devices (Vehicle to X, V2X, X can represent anything), for example, the V2X can include: vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communication, vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) communication, vehicle to pedestrian communication (V2P) or vehicle to network (V2N) communication, etc.

[0060] The wireless communication system provided in this embodiment can be applied to, but is not limited to, at least one of the following communication scenarios: an uplink communication scenario, a downlink communication scenario, and a sidelink communication scenario.

[0061] Before introducing the technical solutions of this application, we first introduce and explain some of the background technologies involved in this application. The following related technologies can be combined with the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application as optional solutions, and they all fall within the scope of protection of the embodiments of this application. The embodiments of this application include at least some of the following contents.

[0062] Low-power devices:

[0063] In some embodiments, the terminal device shown in FIG. 1 may also be implemented as a low-power device.

[0064] A low-power device may also be referred to as at least one of the following: an ultra-low-power device, a zero-power device, a Passive IoT device, or an Ambient Power Enabled Internet of Things (Ambient IoT / A-IoT) device.

[0065] The communication technology implemented by low-power devices can also be called at least one of the following: zero-power communication technology, ultra-low-power communication technology, low-power communication technology, ambient energy Internet of Things (Ambient IoT / A-IoT) technology, passive Internet of Things technology, and zero-power Internet of Things technology.

[0066] Low-power devices can harvest energy from the environment (such as radio frequency energy, solar energy, light energy, thermal energy, mechanical energy, kinetic energy, etc.) to obtain energy for communication. Generally speaking, based on the energy source and usage method, low-power devices can be divided into the following three types:

[0067] (1) Passive devices; Passive devices do not require built-in batteries. When a passive device approaches a network device (such as the reader of an RFID system), the passive device is within the near field formed by the radiation of the network device antenna. Therefore, the passive device antenna generates an induced current through electromagnetic induction, and the induced current drives the low-power chip circuit of the passive device. This realizes the demodulation of the forward link signal and the modulation of the backward link signal. For the backscatter link, the passive device can use backscatter or extremely low-power active transmission to transmit the signal. Passive devices do not require built-in batteries to drive either the forward link or the reverse link. Therefore, passive devices can be considered as zero-power devices.

[0068] In addition to not requiring batteries, the RF circuits and baseband circuits of passive devices are also very simple. For example, they do not require components such as LNA, power amplifier (PA), crystal oscillator, analog to digital converter (ADC), etc., which makes passive devices have many advantages such as small size, light weight, very low price, and long service life.

[0069] Passive devices can also support other energy harvesting methods by harvesting energy from the environment (such as solar energy, light energy, thermal energy, kinetic energy, mechanical energy, etc.) to obtain energy for driving circuits, thereby achieving communication.

[0070] (2) Semi-passive devices: Semi-passive devices do not have conventional batteries installed on them. They can use radio frequency energy harvesting modules to harvest radio wave energy, or use energy harvesting modules to harvest energy from the environment (such as solar energy, light energy, thermal energy, kinetic energy, mechanical energy, etc.), and store the harvested energy in an energy storage unit (such as a capacitor). After the energy storage unit obtains energy, it can drive the low-power chip circuit of the semi-passive device. It can realize the demodulation of the forward link signal and the modulation of the backward link signal. For the backscatter link, the semi-passive device can use backscattering to transmit the signal. The semi-passive device can also have the ability to actively transmit, that is, in addition to communicating through backscattering, the backward link can also use active transmission to communicate.

[0071] Semi-passive devices do not require built-in batteries to drive either the forward link or the reverse link. Although they use energy stored in capacitors, this energy comes from radio energy or ambient energy collected by the energy harvesting module. Therefore, semi-passive devices can be considered zero-power devices.

[0072] Semi-passive devices inherit many advantages of passive devices, such as small size, light weight, very low price, long service life, etc.

[0073] (3) Active devices: Active devices can have built-in batteries. The battery is used to drive the low-power chip circuit of the active device to realize the demodulation of the forward link signal and the modulation of the reverse link signal. The reverse link signal transmission of the active device does not need to consume the active device's own power, and the reverse link transmission is realized by backscattering, thereby achieving the effect of zero power consumption. The active device can also have the ability to actively transmit, that is, in addition to communicating by backscattering, the reverse link can also use active transmission to communicate.

[0074] Despite having built-in batteries, these active devices have extremely low power consumption and complexity, allowing the battery capacity to be set within a narrow range, resulting in lower cost and size. The built-in battery in the active device can also serve as an energy storage unit, storing ambient energy collected by the energy harvesting module. This reduces the maintenance cycle of the active device, or even makes it maintenance-free.

[0075] Active devices use built-in batteries to increase their communication range, for example, by increasing the read / write distance of electronic tags, thereby improving communication reliability. Therefore, active devices are used in scenarios where communication distance and read latency are relatively high.

[0076] In terms of communication methods, low-power devices can support backscatter and / or active transmission communication methods. Generally speaking, based on the transmitter type, low-power devices can be divided into the following three types:

[0077] (1) Low-power devices based on backscattering: These devices use the backscattering method described above for uplink data transmission. These devices do not have an active transmitter for active transmission, but only a backscattering transmitter. Therefore, when these devices transmit uplink data, they need network equipment to provide a carrier. These devices use backscattering based on the carrier to achieve uplink data transmission.

[0078] (2) Low-power devices based on active transmitters: These devices use active transmitters with active transmission capabilities for uplink data transmission. Therefore, when sending uplink data, these devices can use their own active transmitters to send uplink data without the need for network equipment to provide a carrier. Active transmitters suitable for this type of device can be, for example, ultra-low-power ASK transmitters and ultra-low-power FSK transmitters. Based on current implementations, when transmitting a 100-microwatt signal, the overall power consumption of these transmitters can be reduced to 400-600 microwatts.

[0079] (3) Low-power devices with both backscatter and active transmitters: These devices can support both backscatter and active transmitters. They can determine whether to use backscatter or active transmitters based on different situations (such as different power levels, different available environmental energy levels), or based on the scheduling of network devices.

[0080] Fig. 2 shows a communication system 200 provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application. The communication system 200 includes a network device 110 and a first terminal device 140 that is a low-power device.

[0081] The first terminal device 140, which is a low-power device, includes an energy harvesting module 141. Optionally, in addition to the energy harvesting module 141, the first terminal device 140 also includes a backscatter communication module 142. Optionally, in addition to the energy harvesting module 141, the first terminal device 140 also includes a logic processing module 143. Exemplarily, the logic processing module 143 includes a low-power computing module. Optionally, in addition to the energy harvesting module 141, the first terminal device 140 also includes a sensor module 144. Optionally, in addition to the energy harvesting module 141, the first terminal device 140 also includes a memory (not shown in the figure). Optionally, in addition to the energy harvesting module 141, the first terminal device 140 also includes one or more of a backscatter communication module 142, a logic processing module 143, a sensor module 144 and a memory.

[0082] Exemplarily, the energy collection module 141 can collect energy carried by radio waves in space, or light energy, or kinetic energy, or mechanical energy, or solar energy, etc., to provide energy for driving the various modules of the first terminal device 140. After the first terminal device 140 obtains energy, it can receive a signal from the network device 110 through a receiver, or reflect a signal to the network device 110 through the backscatter communication module 142, or transmit a signal to the network device 110 through a transmitter (not shown in the figure). The data reflected or transmitted by the first terminal device 140 can be data stored by itself (such as an identity identifier or pre-written information, such as the production date, brand, manufacturer, etc. of the product). The sensor module 144 can include various sensors, and the first terminal device 140 can report the data collected by various sensors based on a low-power mechanism. The memory is used to store some basic information (such as item identification, etc.) or obtain sensor data such as ambient temperature and ambient humidity.

[0083] The first terminal device 140 can use the logic processing module 143 to implement simple signal demodulation, decoding or encoding, modulation and other simple computing tasks. The hardware design can be very simple, making the first terminal device 140 very low in cost and small in size.

[0084] It should be understood that the modules included in the first terminal device 140 shown in FIG2 are merely examples and not limiting.

[0085] Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of radio frequency power harvesting (RFP) performed by energy harvesting module 321. RF energy harvesting is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. The RF module (RF) uses electromagnetic induction, connected in parallel with a capacitor (C) and a load resistor (RL), to harvest electromagnetic wave energy from space. This energy is used to power low-power devices, such as demodulators, modulators, sensors, and memory readers. This allows low-power devices to be powered without traditional batteries.

[0086] Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of backscatter communication module 322 performing backscatter communication. Terminal device 140 receives wireless signal carrier 131 transmitted by network device 110's transmitter (TX) module 111 using amplifier (AMP) 112. Terminal device 140 modulates wireless signal carrier 131, loads the information to be transmitted using logic processing module 323, and harvests radio frequency energy using energy harvesting module 321. Terminal device 140 radiates modulated reflected signal 132 using antenna 316. This information transmission process is called backscatter communication. Network device 110's receiver (RX) module 113 receives modulated reflected signal 132 using low-noise amplifier (LNA) 114. Backscatter and load modulation are closely related. Load modulation achieves modulation by adjusting and controlling the circuit parameters of the terminal device 140's oscillator circuit according to the data stream's rhythm, causing parameters such as the impedance of the terminal device 140 to change accordingly.

[0087] Load modulation technology mainly includes resistive load modulation and capacitive load modulation. Figure 5 shows a schematic diagram of resistive load modulation. In resistive load modulation, the load resistor RL is connected in parallel with the third resistor R3, and the switch S based on binary code control is turned on or off. The on and off of the third resistor R3 will cause the voltage on the circuit to change. The load resistor RL maintains a parallel connection relationship with the first capacitor C1, the load resistor RL maintains a series connection relationship with the second resistor R2, and the second resistor R2 maintains a series connection relationship with the first inductor L1. The first inductor L1 is coupled with the second inductor L2, and the second inductor L2 maintains a series connection relationship with the second capacitor C2. For example, amplitude shift keying (ASK) can be implemented, that is, the amplitude of the backscattered signal of the terminal device is adjusted to achieve signal modulation and transmission. Similarly, in capacitive load modulation, the resonant frequency of the circuit can be changed by turning the capacitor on and off, realizing frequency shift keying (FSK), that is, the operating frequency of the backscattered signal of the terminal device is adjusted to achieve signal modulation and transmission.

[0088] The terminal device 140 can perform information modulation on the incoming signal by means of load modulation, thereby realizing the backscatter communication process.

[0089] Therefore, low-power devices have the following significant advantages: (1) They do not need to actively transmit signals, so they do not require complex RF links such as PAs and RF filters; (2) They do not need to actively generate high-frequency signals, so they do not need high-frequency crystal oscillators; (3) With the help of backscatter communication, signal transmission does not require its own energy consumption.

[0090] Due to its significant advantages such as extremely low cost, extremely low power consumption, and small size, the communication system shown in Figure 2 can be widely used in various industries, such as logistics for vertical industries, smart warehousing, smart agriculture, energy and electricity, industrial Internet, etc.; it can also be applied to personal applications such as smart wearables and smart homes.

[0091] For example, it is applied to at least the following four scenarios: (1) object recognition, such as logistics, production line product management, and supply chain management; (2) environmental monitoring, such as temperature, humidity, and harmful gas monitoring of working environments and natural environments; (3) positioning, such as indoor positioning, intelligent object search, and production line item positioning; (4) intelligent control, such as intelligent control of various electrical appliances in smart homes (turning on and off air conditioners, adjusting temperatures), and intelligent control of various facilities in agricultural greenhouses (automatic irrigation and fertilization).

[0092] Introducing the encoding method of zero-power communication:

[0093] FIG6 shows a schematic diagram of the encoding method provided by the related art. The data transmitted by the electronic tag can use different forms of codes to represent binary "1" and "0". Wireless radio frequency identification systems generally use one of the following encoding methods: Not Return to Zero (NRZ) encoding, Manchester encoding, Unipolar Return to Zero (URZ) encoding, Differential Binary Phase (DBP) encoding, Miller encoding, and differential encoding. That is, different pulse signals can be used to represent 0 and 1.

[0094] ·NRZ encoding; Inverse non-return-to-zero encoding uses a high level to represent a binary "1" and a low level to represent a binary "0". Figure 5 shows a level diagram of encoding binary data: 101100101001011 using the NRZ method.

[0095] Manchester encoding: Manchester encoding is also known as split-phase coding. In Manchester encoding, a binary value is represented by a voltage level change (rising or falling) during half a bit period within the bit length. A negative transition during half a bit period represents a binary "1," and a positive transition during half a bit period represents a binary "0." Data transmission errors occur when multiple tags simultaneously transmit data bits with different values, causing the received rising and falling edges to cancel each other, resulting in an uninterrupted carrier signal throughout the entire bit length. Manchester encoding makes it impossible to have an unchanging state within the bit length. The reader can use this error to determine the specific location of the collision. Manchester encoding facilitates data transmission error detection and is commonly used for data transmission from tags to readers when using carrier load modulation or backscatter modulation. Figure 6 shows a voltage level diagram for binary data 101100101001011 encoded using the Manchester method.

[0096] ·URZ encoding; unipolar return-to-zero encoding: a high level in the first half of the bit period represents a binary "1", while a low level signal that lasts throughout the entire bit period represents a binary "1". Figure 6 shows a level diagram of encoding binary data: 101100101001011 using the URZ method.

[0097] DBP encoding: Differential biphase encoding uses any edge within half a bit period to represent a binary "0," while the absence of an edge represents a binary "1." Furthermore, the voltage level is inverted at the beginning of each bit period. This makes the bit beat easier to reconstruct for the receiver. Figure 6 shows the voltage levels of the binary data 101100101001011 encoded using the DBP method.

[0098] Miller coding: In Miller coding, any edge within half a bit period represents a binary "1," while a constant level throughout the next bit period represents a binary "0." The level transition at the beginning of a bit period makes it easier for the receiver to reconstruct the bit beat. Figure 6 shows the level diagram of the binary data 101100101001011 encoded using the Miller method.

[0099] Differential encoding: In differential encoding, each transmitted binary "1" causes a change in the signal level, while for a binary "0" the signal level remains unchanged.

[0100] Cellular IoT

[0101] Cellular IoT is booming. The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has standardized IoT technologies such as NarrowBand-Internet of Things (NB-IoT), Machine-Type Communications (MTC), and RedCap. However, IoT communication needs in many scenarios remain unmet. For example:

[0102] Harsh communication environment;

[0103] Certain IoT scenarios may encounter extreme environments such as high temperature, extremely low temperature, high humidity, high voltage, high radiation, or high-speed movement. Examples include ultra-high voltage substations, high-speed train track monitoring, environmental monitoring in high-altitude cold regions, and industrial production lines. In these scenarios, existing IoT devices will not function due to the operating environment limitations of conventional power supplies. Furthermore, extreme operating environments are not conducive to IoT device maintenance, such as battery replacement.

[0104] ·Requirement for extremely small terminal form factor;

[0105] Certain IoT communication scenarios, such as food traceability, commodity distribution, and smart wearables, require terminals to be extremely small for ease of use. For example, IoT terminals used for commodity management in the distribution process often use electronic tags, which are embedded in the product packaging in a very compact form factor. Another example is lightweight wearable IoT terminals that can meet user needs while improving the user experience.

[0106] Extremely low-cost IoT communication requirements;

[0107] Many IoT communication scenarios require IoT terminal devices to be sufficiently low-cost to enhance their competitiveness compared to alternative technologies. For example, in logistics or warehousing scenarios, IoT terminal devices can be attached to each item to facilitate the management of large quantities of circulating items. Communication between the IoT terminal device and the logistics network enables precise management of the entire logistics process and lifecycle. These scenarios require IoT terminal devices to be sufficiently competitively priced.

[0108] Therefore, in order to cover these unmet IoT communication needs, cellular IoT also needs to develop ultra-low-cost, extremely small-size, battery-free / maintenance-free IoT, and zero-power IoT can just meet these needs.

[0109] Zero-power IoT, also known as Ambient IoT or passive IoT, refers to IoT devices that use various environmental energies, such as radio frequency energy, light energy, solar energy, thermal energy, and mechanical energy, to power themselves. These devices can have no energy storage capacity or very limited energy storage capacity (such as using capacitors with a capacity of tens of microfarads). Compared to traditional IoT devices, Ambient IoT devices offer many advantages, including no conventional batteries, no maintenance, small size, low complexity, low cost, and a long lifespan.

[0110] Zero-power IoT can be used in at least four scenarios:

[0111] (1) Object recognition, such as logistics, production line product management, and supply chain management;

[0112] (2) Environmental monitoring, such as temperature, humidity, and harmful gas monitoring of the working environment and natural environment;

[0113] (3) Positioning, such as indoor positioning, intelligent object search, and production line item positioning;

[0114] (4) Intelligent control, such as intelligent control of various electrical appliances in smart homes (turning on and off air conditioners, adjusting temperature), and intelligent control of various facilities in agricultural greenhouses (automatic irrigation and fertilization).

[0115] The problem of poor time synchronization accuracy of zero-power devices:

[0116] On the one hand, to reduce the complexity and power consumption of zero-power communication devices, at least one type of zero-power device uses an extremely simple clock circuit as the system clock. On the other hand, the waveforms of the transmit and receive signals of such zero-power devices are particularly simple. For example, the downlink uses an OOK waveform. To reduce power consumption and complexity, the signal sampling rate of zero-power devices is relatively low, generally with an upper limit of 2 to 3 MHz. Zero-power devices can receive synchronization signals sent by network devices (such as OOK sequences or PSK sequences) to achieve time synchronization and sampling clock synchronization.

[0117] However, due to the aforementioned factors, zero-power devices suffer from poor time synchronization accuracy and poor sampling clock synchronization accuracy. For example, when a zero-power device receives an OOK symbol rate of 100 k / s, its time synchronization and sampling clock synchronization errors may range from 1% to 10%. Taking a 10% sampling clock synchronization error as an example, when transmitting uplink data, this means that each symbol sent by the zero-power device may result in a 10% error in the symbol length (a minimum of 0.9 actual symbol lengths or a maximum of 1.1 actual symbol lengths). This results in significant cumulative time errors when sending a series of symbols. For example, for every 200 symbols sent, there will be a 20 symbol error.

[0118] Figure 7 shows a schematic diagram of errors when a zero-power device transmits uplink data. Assume that time domain resource i-1, time domain resource i, and time domain resource i+1 can be used to transmit data from different devices. The zero-power device transmits an uplink channel or uplink signal in time domain resource i. When transmitting normally, the uplink channel or uplink signal will not interfere with the transmission of other devices on adjacent time domain resources. When an error causes premature transmission, it will interfere with the uplink or downlink transmission of other devices on time domain resource i-1; when an error causes delayed transmission, it will interfere with the uplink or downlink transmission of other devices on time domain resource i+1.

[0119] FIG8 shows a flow chart of a transmission method provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application. The method can be applied to a first terminal device and can include the following steps:

[0120] Step 210: Use the first time domain resource in the first time domain resource unit to send or backscatter an uplink channel or an uplink signal, where the first time domain resource unit also includes a guard interval before and / or after the first time domain resource.

[0121] In some embodiments, the first terminal device uses the first time domain resource in the first time domain resource unit to send or backscatter an uplink channel or an uplink signal. The first terminal device uses the first time domain resource in the first time domain resource unit to actively send an uplink channel or an uplink signal to the network device, wherein active sending is relative to backscattering. Optionally, the first terminal device is a zero-power device. The zero-power device can be any one of a passive zero-power device, a semi-passive zero-power device, and an active zero-power device.

[0122] In some embodiments, the first terminal device uses the first time domain resource in the first time domain resource unit to send or backscatter an uplink channel or an uplink signal to the network device. In some embodiments, the network device may be an access network device or a core network device.

[0123] In some embodiments, the first terminal device actively sends an uplink channel or an uplink signal to the network device using a first time domain resource in a first time domain resource unit. The first time domain resource is a portion of the time domain resources in the first time domain resource unit, such as at least one of a central time domain resource, a front time domain resource, and a rear time domain resource.

[0124] In different embodiments, the first time domain resource unit may be referred to as a frame structure, a subframe structure, a time slot structure, a symbol group structure, or other names. In some embodiments, the first time domain resource unit is designed using the time domain resource i shown in FIG7 as a time unit, such as a time slot. The first time domain resource may be referred to as an uplink resource.

[0125] With reference to FIG9 , different from the time domain resource i in FIG7 , a first guard interval is provided before the first time domain resource, and a second guard interval is provided after the first time domain resource.

[0126] In some embodiments, the first terminal device uses the first time domain resource in the first time domain resource unit to backscatter an uplink channel or an uplink signal. In backscatter communication, the first terminal device does not directly send data, but instead modulates the uplink channel or the uplink signal based on a wireless signal received from a network device, an intermediate node, or a power supply device, and scatters the modulated wireless signal to the network device.

[0127] In some embodiments, the first time domain resource unit is a time domain resource structure including the first time domain resource. Optionally, the first time domain resource unit is referred to as a floating time slot. In some embodiments, the floating time slot is used to transmit or send an uplink channel or uplink signal, and includes a guard interval before and / or after the first time domain resource.

[0128] In some embodiments, the first time domain resource is a resource used in a cellular / wireless communication system to transmit an uplink channel or an uplink signal (i.e., from a first terminal device to a network device). In the first time domain resource unit, a guard interval before and / or after the first time domain resource is used to protect the transmission or backscattering of the uplink channel or the uplink signal to prevent possible interference with the wireless communication system.

[0129] In some embodiments, the network device may be a cellular device, and the first terminal device may be any terminal device under the cellular device; or, the network device may be an access point (AP) in a WiFi system, and the first terminal device may be any station (STA) in the WiFi system.

[0130] In some embodiments, the guard interval is a reserved blank time or blank interval. The guard interval can be set before the first time domain resource, or the guard interval can be set after the first time domain resource, or the guard interval can be set both before and after the first time domain resource. Optionally, the length of the guard interval can be preconfigured or predefined, which is not limited in this application. There can be more than one guard interval length, and there can also be more than one corresponding first time domain resource unit.

[0131] In some embodiments, the uplink channel or uplink signal includes at least one of the following:

[0132] Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH);

[0133] Uplink data channel (Physical Uplink Shared Channel, PUSCH);

[0134] Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)

[0135] Uplink reference signal;

[0136] Uplink pilot signal;

[0137] Uplink measurement signal;

[0138] Uplink data signal.

[0139] In some embodiments, the uplink reference signal includes an uplink pilot signal and an uplink measurement signal. In some embodiments, the uplink reference signal is a signal used by the network device to locate the first terminal device and measure channel information. Optionally, the type of the uplink reference signal includes at least one of the following: Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS), Enhanced-SRS (E-SRS), Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS). In some embodiments, the uplink reference signal includes an uplink pilot signal and an uplink measurement signal. The uplink pilot signal is used for channel estimation, and the uplink pilot signal includes a signal for demodulating and / or decoding the uplink data signal. The uplink measurement signal is used to measure the channel, including measurements of signal strength, beam, etc. The uplink data signal is actual data generated by the first terminal device and sent to the network device, such as sensor data.

[0140] To sum up, the method provided in the embodiment of the present application adds a protection interval before and / or after the first time domain resource in the first time domain resource unit. Even if the transmission of the uplink channel / signal is advanced or delayed due to clock inaccuracy, the existence of the protection interval will not interfere with adjacent transmissions, thereby avoiding the uplink channel / signal from interfering with adjacent transmissions before and after the first time domain resource unit.

[0141] FIG10 shows a flow chart of a transmission method provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application. The method can be applied to a network device and may include the following steps:

[0142] Step 310: The first terminal device receives the first time domain resource in the first time domain resource unit and sends or backscatters the uplink channel or uplink signal, and the first time domain resource unit also includes a protection interval before and / or after the first time domain resource.

[0143] In some embodiments, a network device may be an access network device or a core network device. For example, a network device may include various forms of macro base stations, micro base stations, relay stations, access points, and the like. In systems using different wireless access technologies, the names of devices that function as access network devices may vary. For example, in a 5G NR system, they may be called gNodeBs or gNBs.

[0144] In some embodiments, a network device receives an uplink channel or an uplink signal sent by a first terminal device using a first time domain resource in a first time domain resource unit. The first time domain resource is a portion of the time domain resources in the first time domain resource unit, such as at least one of a central time domain resource, a front time domain resource, and a rear time domain resource.

[0145] In different embodiments, the first time domain resource unit may be referred to as a frame structure, a subframe structure, a time slot structure, a symbol group structure, or other names. In some embodiments, the first time domain resource unit is designed using the time domain resource i shown in FIG7 as a time unit, such as a time slot. The first time domain resource may be referred to as an uplink resource.

[0146] In some embodiments, the network device receives an uplink channel or uplink signal backscattered by the first terminal device using the first time domain resource in the first time domain resource unit. In backscatter communication, the first terminal device does not directly send data, but instead modulates the uplink channel or uplink signal based on the wireless signal received from the network device, intermediate node, or power supply device, and scatters the modulated wireless signal to the network device.

[0147] In some embodiments, the first time domain resource unit is a time domain resource structure including the first time domain resource. Optionally, the first time domain resource unit is referred to as a floating time slot. In some embodiments, the floating time slot is used for transmitting or sending an uplink channel or an uplink signal, and includes a guard interval located before and / or after the first time domain resource.

[0148] In some embodiments, the first time domain resource is a resource used to transmit an uplink channel or uplink signal (i.e., from the first terminal device to the network device) in a cellular / wireless communication system. In the first time domain resource unit, a guard interval before and / or after the first time domain resource is used to protect the transmission or backscattering of the uplink channel or uplink signal from causing interference to the wireless communication system.

[0149] In some embodiments, the guard interval is a reserved blank time or blank interval. The guard interval can be set before the first time domain resource, or the guard interval can be set after the first time domain resource, or the guard interval can be set both before and after the first time domain resource. Optionally, the length of the guard interval can be preconfigured or predefined, which is not limited in this application. There can be more than one guard interval length, and there can also be more than one corresponding first time domain resource unit.

[0150] In some embodiments, the uplink channel or uplink signal includes at least one of the following: PRACH; PUSCH; PUCCH; uplink reference signal; uplink pilot signal; uplink measurement signal; or uplink data signal.

[0151] In some embodiments, the uplink reference signal includes an uplink pilot signal and an uplink measurement signal. In some embodiments, the uplink reference signal is a signal used by the network device to locate the first terminal device and measure channel information. Optionally, the type of the uplink reference signal includes at least one of the following: SRS, DMRS, E-SRS, CSI-RS. In some embodiments, the uplink reference signal includes an uplink pilot signal and an uplink measurement signal. The uplink pilot signal is used for channel estimation, and the uplink pilot signal includes a signal for demodulating and / or decoding the uplink data signal. The uplink measurement signal is used to measure the channel, including measurements of signal strength, beam, etc. The uplink data signal is actual data generated by the first terminal device and sent to the network device, such as sensor data.

[0152] To sum up, the method provided in the embodiment of the present application adds a protection interval before and / or after the first time domain resource in the first time domain resource unit. Even if the transmission of the uplink channel / signal is advanced or delayed due to clock inaccuracy, the existence of the protection interval will not interfere with adjacent transmissions, thereby avoiding the uplink channel / signal from interfering with adjacent transmissions before and after the first time domain resource unit.

[0153] In an optional embodiment based on FIG. 8 or FIG. 10 , the above-mentioned first time domain resource unit involves first signaling and second signaling when used.

[0154] First signaling

[0155] The first signaling is used to configure at least one parameter of the first time domain resource unit. The first signaling can be called configuration signaling of the first time domain resource unit.

[0156] In some embodiments, the at least one parameter in the first time-domain resource unit includes at least one of the following:

[0157] The time interval (or timing relationship) between the first time domain resource unit and the channel containing the second signaling, where the second signaling is used to trigger or schedule the transmission or backscattering of the uplink channel or uplink signal;

[0158] The time domain length of the first time domain resource unit;

[0159] The time domain length of the guard interval;

[0160] The bit rate used for transmission within the first time-domain resource unit;

[0161] The modulation and coding scheme used for transmission within the first time-domain resource unit;

[0162] Sequence information used by the uplink reference signal;

[0163] Sequence information used by the uplink pilot signal;

[0164] Sequence information used by uplink measurement signals;

[0165] The time domain location occupied by the first time domain resource unit can be dynamic, periodic, or aperiodic. In some embodiments, the first time domain resource unit is not subject to fixed periodicity rules but is dynamically allocated based on the needs of the first terminal device and network resource availability.

[0166] In some embodiments, the first signaling includes at least one of the following:

[0167] Paging

[0168] DCI (Downlink Control Information);

[0169] RRC (Radio Resource Control) signaling;

[0170] Messages during random access;

[0171] Signaling used to activate the uplink data transmission process of semi-persistent scheduling.

[0172] The network device sends a first signaling to the first terminal device, where the first signaling is used to configure at least one parameter of the first time domain resource unit. In some embodiments, the first terminal device receives the first signaling, including receiving at least one parameter in the first signaling used to configure the first time domain resource unit.

[0173] Second signaling

[0174] The second signaling is used to trigger or schedule the transmission or backscattering of the uplink channel or uplink signal. In this embodiment, it can be considered that the second signaling is used to schedule the triggering or scheduling of the transmission or backscattering of the uplink channel or uplink signal in the first time domain resource unit.

[0175] The second signaling includes at least one of paging, DCI, RRC signaling, a message in a random access process, and signaling for activating an uplink data transmission process of semi-persistent scheduling.

[0176] In some embodiments, the second signaling includes at least one of the following:

[0177] Paging;

[0178] DCI;

[0179] RRC signaling;

[0180] Messages during random access;

[0181] Signaling used to activate the uplink data transmission process of semi-persistent scheduling.

[0182] In some embodiments, the second signaling can be any one of paging, DCI, message 2 in the random access process, and signaling for activating the semi-persistently scheduled uplink data transmission process, which is used for dynamic scheduling or semi-static scheduling of uplink channels or uplink signal transmission.

[0183] For example, when the first terminal device is in an idle state, the network device sends a paging message to the first terminal device. Optionally, the paging message is used to trigger a related process of the first terminal device sending an uplink channel or an uplink signal to the network device.

[0184] For example, during the initial access process, the first terminal device sends a random access preamble code sequence (message 1 for short) on the random access channel resource, and the network device sends message 2 in the random process, namely, RAR (Random Access Procedure) signaling, to the first terminal device through the downlink data channel or the downlink feedback channel. After the first terminal device receives the RAR signaling sent by the network device, the first terminal device sends an uplink channel or an uplink signal to the network device through the uplink data channel.

[0185] For example, when the first terminal device is in a connected state, the first terminal device can send an uplink channel or uplink signal to the network device through a dynamic scheduling mechanism. Optionally, the network device sends a DCI to the first terminal device, where the DCI includes at least one of information such as an operation instruction, resource allocation, dynamic scheduling, and scheduling mode for the first terminal device. The first terminal device receives the DCI sent by the network device, where the DCI is used to schedule how the first terminal device sends an uplink channel or uplink signal to the network device.

[0186] For example, when the first terminal device is in a connected state, the first terminal device can send an uplink channel or an uplink signal to the network device through a semi-persistent scheduling mechanism. Optionally, the first terminal device first receives a configuration signaling, which is used to configure the configuration parameters of the semi-persistent scheduling, and then the network device sends an activation signaling to the first terminal device for activating the uplink data sending process of the semi-persistent scheduling. After receiving the activation signaling, the first terminal device sends an uplink channel or an uplink signal to the network device according to the activation signaling.

[0187] In some embodiments, the second signaling may be RRC signaling, which is used to trigger or schedule the transmission of a periodic uplink channel or uplink signal.

[0188] The network device sends the second signaling to the first terminal device, and the first terminal device receives the second signaling.

[0189] It should be noted that, in some embodiments, the first signaling and the second signaling may be the same signaling, that is, the same signaling has the functions of configuring the first time domain resource unit and scheduling uplink transmission within the first time domain resource unit. Alternatively, the first signaling and the second signaling may be different signalings. For example, the network device first sends RRC signaling (first signaling) to configure at least one parameter of the first time domain resource unit, and then sends DCI signaling (second signaling) to schedule uplink transmission within the first time domain resource unit.

[0190] Guard interval length

[0191] In an optional embodiment based on FIG8 or FIG10 , the length of the guard interval is related to at least one of the following factors:

[0192] ·The time interval between the first time domain resource unit and the channel where the second signaling is located, the second signaling is used to trigger or schedule the transmission of the uplink channel or uplink signal; for example, the shorter the time interval, the longer the length of the protection interval. The protection interval is determined based on the size relationship between the time interval and at least one first threshold; wherein, different value intervals divided by at least one first threshold are associated with different protection intervals. For example, a first threshold 1 and a first threshold 2 are set, when the protection interval is less than the first threshold 1, the length of the protection interval is length 1; when the protection interval is greater than the first threshold 1 and less than the second threshold 2, the length of the protection interval is length 2; when the protection interval is greater than the first threshold 2, the length of the protection interval is length 3. wherein, the first threshold 1 is less than the first threshold 2.

[0193] The sampling clock accuracy of the first terminal device; for example, the lower the sampling clock accuracy, the longer the guard interval; the higher the sampling clock accuracy, the shorter the guard interval. In some embodiments, the guard interval is determined based on the relationship between the sampling clock accuracy and at least one second threshold; different value intervals defined by the at least one second threshold are associated with different guard intervals.

[0194] The time domain length of the first time domain resource unit; for example, the longer the time domain length of the first time domain resource unit is, the longer the guard interval is; the shorter the time domain length of the first time domain resource unit is, the shorter the guard interval is.

[0195] The timing advance of the first terminal device; for example, the larger the timing advance of the first terminal device, the longer the guard interval; the smaller the timing advance of the first terminal device, the shorter the guard interval.

[0196] Channel format of the uplink channel; for example, for different PUCCH formats, corresponding first time domain resource units are designed, and each PUCCH format corresponds to one first time domain resource unit.

[0197] The length of the uplink signal sequence. For example, the longer the uplink signal sequence length, the longer the guard interval; the shorter the uplink signal sequence length, the shorter the guard interval.

[0198] In some embodiments, the protection interval includes a first protection interval and a second protection interval, the first protection interval is located before the first time domain resource, and the second protection interval is located after the first time domain resource; the time domain lengths of the first protection interval and the second protection interval are the same; or, the time domain lengths of the first protection interval and the second protection interval are different.

[0199] In some embodiments, the first terminal device uses the first time domain resource in the first time domain resource unit to send or backscatter an uplink channel or uplink signal to the network device. This includes at least three scenarios:

[0200] Scenario 1: The first terminal device uses the physical random access channel in the first time domain resource unit to send an uplink channel or an uplink signal to the network device.

[0201] Scenario 2: The first terminal device uses the uplink data channel in the first time domain resource unit to send an uplink channel or an uplink signal to the network device.

[0202] Scenario 3: The first terminal device may also use the uplink feedback channel in the first time domain resource unit to send an uplink channel or an uplink signal to the network device. In this regard, the embodiments of the present application provide corresponding implementation plans based on the above three exemplary solutions.

[0203] It should be noted that the scenarios in which the first terminal device provided in the embodiment of the present application uses the first time domain resource unit to transmit an uplink channel or an uplink signal to the network device are not limited to the above three scenarios. The following only uses the above three scenarios as examples.

[0204] Scenario 1: Random Access Channel Transmission

[0205] FIG11 shows a flow chart of a transmission method provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application. The method can be applied to a first terminal device and a network device, and the method may include the following steps:

[0206] Step 401: The network device sends a paging message to the first terminal device, where the paging message is used to trigger the sending of a random access channel.

[0207] In the case that the paging does not carry the configuration of the first time domain resource unit, the paging is the second signaling; in the case that the paging carries the configuration of the first time domain resource unit, the paging is the first signaling + the second signaling.

[0208] For example, as shown in Figure 12, when the first terminal device receives a paging message sent by the network device, it triggers the first terminal device to send a random access channel. The random access channel is message 1 in the random access process: a random access preamble.

[0209] The network device can pre-configure the channel resources of the periodic random access channel, and the channel resources of these random access channels may include one or more first time domain resource units for sending random access channels. When the first terminal device receives the paging, it determines the position of the first time domain resource unit where it sends the random access channel based on the receiving position of the paging. For example, the time interval between the paging and the first time domain resource unit in Figure 12 can be a fixed length to meet the preset timing relationship. Optionally, the time interval is agreed upon by the communication protocol, or configured by the network device, or determined by negotiation between the first terminal device and the network device.

[0210] In some embodiments, the time domain length of the first time domain resource unit where the random access channel is located is related to the channel length of the random access channel. In a wireless communication system, the channel length of the random access channel is determined by the sequence length used by the random access preamble. Optionally, the sequence used by the random access channel includes an m-sequence or a Gold sequence. Exemplarily, the sequence used by the random access channel is an m-sequence, the sequence length is 127, the length of a single symbol sent is 10us, the channel length of the random access channel is 1.27ms, a guard interval is set in the first time domain resource unit, and the time domain length of the first time domain resource unit is at least greater than 1.27ms to ensure that the entire random access channel can be accommodated.

[0211] In some embodiments, the first time domain resource unit where the random access channel is located includes a guard interval located before and / or after the first time domain resource.

[0212] In some embodiments, the guard interval includes a first guard interval and a second guard interval, wherein the first guard interval is located before the first time domain resource and the second guard interval is located after the first time domain resource; or, the second guard interval is located before the first time domain resource and the first guard interval is located after the first time domain resource. Optionally, the first guard interval and the second guard interval have the same time domain length; or, the first guard interval and the second guard interval have different time domain lengths.

[0213] Exemplarily, the channel length of the random access channel is 1.27ms, the first time domain resource unit includes a first protection interval and a second protection interval, the time domain lengths of the first protection interval and the second protection interval are both 0.365ms, then the total time domain length of the protection interval is 0.73ms, and the time domain length of the first time domain resource unit is 2ms.

[0214] Exemplarily, the channel length of the random access channel is 1.27ms, the first time domain resource unit includes a first protection interval and a second protection interval, the time domain lengths of the first protection interval and the second protection interval are different, the time domain length of the first protection interval is 0.73ms, and the time domain length of the second protection interval is 0.5ms, then the total time domain length of the protection interval is 1.23ms, and the time domain length of the first time domain resource unit is 2.5ms.

[0215] In some embodiments, the first time domain resource unit includes a first protection interval, or the first time domain resource unit includes a second protection interval, or the first time domain resource unit includes both the first protection interval and the second protection interval. This application does not limit this.

[0216] In some embodiments, the first time domain resource unit where the random access channel is located is related to the channel format of the random access channel. Optionally, the channel resources of the random access channel include: first time domain resource units with different time domain lengths.

[0217] Exemplarily, the sequence length of the first random access channel is an m sequence, and the sequence length of the first random access channel is 127 (the default length of a single symbol sent is 10 us), that is, the time domain length is 1.27ms; the sequence length of the second random access channel is a gold sequence, and the sequence length of the second random access channel is 63, that is, the time domain length is 0.63ms. If the total time domain length of the guard interval (including the first guard interval and the second guard interval) is 0.37ms, then the time domain length of the first time domain resource unit corresponding to the first random access channel is 1.64ms, and the time domain length of the first time domain resource unit corresponding to the second random access channel is 1ms.

[0218] In some embodiments, the guard interval is determined based on a magnitude relationship between the time interval and at least one first threshold. Different value intervals defined by the at least one first threshold are associated with different guard intervals. By setting at least one first threshold, the guard interval is divided into different value intervals. Different value intervals are associated with different guard intervals. An appropriate guard interval can be selected based on the time interval between the paging call and the first time domain resource unit, thereby effectively preventing inter-symbol interference and improving communication system performance.

[0219] In some embodiments, the relationship between the time interval and at least one first threshold value can determine the length of the guard interval. For example, if the time interval is less than or equal to the first threshold value, a shorter guard interval is selected. If the time interval is greater than the first threshold value, a longer guard interval is selected. By comparing the time interval with at least one first threshold value, an appropriate guard interval can be selected based on different situations. This helps ensure that the integrity of uplink data is protected at different time intervals. The specific first threshold value and the division of the value range need to be determined based on the specific application scenario and requirements.

[0220] In some embodiments, the guard interval is determined based on the relationship between the sampling clock accuracy and at least one second threshold. Different value intervals defined by the at least one second threshold are associated with different guard intervals. By setting at least one second threshold, the guard interval is divided into different value intervals. Different guard intervals are associated with different value intervals. The appropriate guard interval can be selected based on the sampling clock accuracy of the uplink signal, thereby effectively preventing inter-symbol interference and improving the performance of the wireless communication system.

[0221] In some embodiments, the relationship between the sampling clock accuracy and at least one second threshold can be used to define different value intervals and associate them with different guard intervals. The second threshold represents a critical point, and different value intervals can be defined based on the relationship between the sampling clock accuracy and the second threshold. Each value interval corresponds to a different guard interval. For example, if the sampling clock accuracy is greater than the second threshold, a shorter guard interval is selected. Because the sampling clock has high stability or accuracy, a longer guard interval is not required to protect the integrity of the uplink data. If the sampling clock accuracy is less than or equal to the second threshold, a longer guard interval is selected. Because the sampling clock has low stability or accuracy, a longer guard interval is required to ensure the integrity of the uplink data. In this way, based on the relationship between the sampling clock accuracy and the second threshold, appropriate guard intervals can be selected for different situations. This helps improve the reliability of the wireless communication system and the integrity of the uplink data. The specific second threshold and value interval divisions need to be determined based on the specific application scenario and requirements.

[0222] Step 402: The network device receives a random access channel in a first time domain resource unit.

[0223] In some embodiments, the first terminal device sends an uplink channel or an uplink signal in a first time domain resource unit where the random access channel is located based on paging, and the network device receives the uplink channel or the uplink signal in the first time domain resource unit.

[0224] It should be noted that the transmission of the random access channel may or may not be triggered by paging. For example, the transmission of the random access channel may also be triggered by a radio link failure or upon power-up. However, as long as the random access channel is transmitted in the first time domain resource unit, it falls within the scope of protection of this application.

[0225] In summary, the method provided in the embodiment of the present application is aimed at the problem of poor clock synchronization accuracy of the first terminal device, that is, the problem of the first terminal device having a fast clock or a slow clock, which causes the random access channel sent by the first terminal device to be either advanced in time or delayed in time. By reserving a protection interval before the random access channel sequence, although the position of the floating random access channel has been reached based on the clock of the first terminal device, it is not sent during the protection interval within the floating random access channel, and the random access channel is not sent until after the protection interval. This solves the problem of possible early transmission due to inaccurate clocks, and avoids interference with downlink transmissions before the random access channel time slot or uplink transmissions of other users. Similarly, reserving a protection interval after the random access channel can solve the problem of possible delayed transmission due to inaccurate clocks, and avoids interference with downlink transmissions after the time slot where the random access channel is located or uplink transmissions of other users.

[0226] Scenario 2: Transmission of uplink data channels

[0227] FIG13 shows a flow chart of a transmission method provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application. The method can be applied to a first terminal device and a network device, and the method may include the following steps:

[0228] Step 501: The network device sends a second signaling to the first terminal device, where the second signaling is used to trigger or schedule the sending of an uplink data channel;

[0229] In some embodiments, the first terminal device receives a second signaling sent by the network device. As shown in FIG14 , after receiving the second signaling sent by the network device, the first terminal device sends an uplink data channel to the network device, wherein the second signaling is a paging signaling, or the second signaling is a RAR signaling, or the second signaling is a DCI signaling.

[0230] Method 1: The first terminal device uses paging to schedule an uplink data channel;

[0231] Mode 2: The first terminal device schedules msg3 (message 3) using RAR signaling;

[0232] Method three: The first terminal device uses DCI to dynamically schedule uplink data.

[0233] In some embodiments, the first terminal device uses paging to schedule an uplink data channel. When the first terminal device communicates with a network device, the uplink data channel can be scheduled by paging. The first terminal device will continuously monitor the paging sent from the network device. The paging contains information about the scheduling and transmission of the uplink data channel. When the first terminal device receives the paging, it transmits the uplink data to the network device through the uplink data channel according to the information specified by the paging, such as the scheduling time, scheduling frequency, etc. Optionally, the first terminal device can transmit uplink data within a specified time window, or can transmit uplink data in segments within multiple time windows; after completing the uplink data transmission, the first terminal device enters a standby state to wait for the next paging.

[0234] In some embodiments, during the random access process, the network device sends a random access response message (i.e., message 2, msg2) to the first terminal device through a downlink data channel. The random access response message is RAR signaling. After the first terminal device receives the RAR signaling sent by the network device, the RAR signaling contains scheduling information for subsequent uplink transmission of the first terminal device, including at least one of time domain resources, frequency resources, and other configuration parameters. The first terminal device sends msg3 to the network device through the uplink data channel according to the scheduling information in the RAR signaling, and carries the uplink data in msg3. After receiving msg3, the network device will demodulate and decode it according to the resource information carried by msg3 to extract the uplink data sent by the first terminal device.

[0235] In some embodiments, when the first terminal device is in a connected state, the network device sends DCI to the first terminal device. The first terminal device continuously monitors the DCI sent from the network device, where the DCI includes at least one of time domain resources, frequency resources, and other configuration parameters. Based on the received DCI, the first terminal device transmits uplink data to the network device via an uplink data channel.

[0236] In some embodiments, the first time domain resource unit where the uplink data channel is located can be pre-configured by the network device. The network device can pre-configure the channel resources of the periodic uplink data channel, and the channel resources of these uplink data channels can include one or more first time domain resource units for sending uplink data channels. When the first terminal device receives paging, RAR signaling or DCI, it determines the position of the first time domain resource unit where the uplink data channel is located based on the time when the paging, RAR signaling or DCI is received.

[0237] In some embodiments, the time domain length of the first time domain resource unit where the uplink data channel is located is related to the channel length of the uplink data channel. In a wireless communication system, the channel length of the uplink data channel is determined by the sequence length used. In some embodiments, the first time domain resource unit where the uplink data channel is located includes a guard interval located before and / or after the first time domain resource. Optionally, the length of the guard interval is preconfigured or predefined. The length of the guard interval is related to at least one of the following factors:

[0238] The time interval between the first time domain resource unit and the channel where the second signaling is located;

[0239] The sampling clock accuracy of the first terminal device;

[0240] The time domain length of the first time domain resource unit;

[0241] Timing advance of the first terminal device;

[0242] Channel format of the uplink channel;

[0243] ·Sequence length of the uplink signal.

[0244] In some embodiments, the guard interval includes a first guard interval and a second guard interval, wherein the first guard interval is located before the first time domain resource and the second guard interval is located after the first time domain resource; or, the second guard interval is located before the first time domain resource and the first guard interval is located after the first time domain resource. Optionally, the first guard interval and the second guard interval have the same time domain length; or, the first guard interval and the second guard interval have different time domain lengths.

[0245] In some embodiments, the first time domain resource unit where the uplink data channel is located is related to the channel format of the uplink data channel. Optionally, the channel resources of the uplink data channel may include first time domain resource units with different time domain lengths.

[0246] Step 502: The network device receives an uplink data channel.

[0247] In some embodiments, the first terminal device sends an uplink data channel in the first time domain resource unit based on the second signaling, and the network device receives the uplink data channel in the first time domain resource unit.

[0248] In some embodiments, the first terminal device sends uplink data to the network device through an uplink data channel.

[0249] The first time domain resource unit includes a guard interval located before and / or after the first time domain resource.

[0250] In some embodiments, a guard interval may be set before the first time domain resource, after the first time domain resource, or both before and after the first time domain resource. The guard interval is used to prevent transmission or backscatter of an uplink channel or uplink signal from colliding with other components of the wireless communication system, thereby ensuring the performance and reliability of the wireless communication system. Optionally, the length of the guard interval may be preconfigured or predefined.

[0251] In some embodiments, the first time domain resource unit is not restricted by fixed periodic rules, but is dynamically allocated according to the needs of the first terminal device and network resource conditions.

[0252] In some embodiments, there is a time interval between the first terminal device receiving the second signaling and sending the uplink data channel. Optionally, the time interval is agreed upon by a communication protocol, configured by a network device, or determined by negotiation between the first terminal device and the network device.

[0253] In summary, the method provided by the embodiment of the present application is that the first terminal device receives the second signaling sent by the network device, and the first terminal device sends an uplink channel or an uplink signal to the network device in the first time domain resource unit based on the second signaling. The first terminal device can dynamically schedule the transmission of uplink data based on the received second signaling. At the same time, the uplink data channel is located in the first time domain resource unit, and the first time domain resource unit includes a protection interval located before and / or after the first time domain resource. By introducing a protection interval in the uplink data channel, the first terminal device can calibrate and correct the clock synchronization accuracy difference to ensure that the uplink channel or uplink signal is sent within the correct time window. In this way, interference with other users' transmissions (such as downlink transmissions or uplink transmissions of other users) can be avoided, thereby improving the reliability and efficiency of wireless communications.

[0254] Scenario 3: Transmission of uplink feedback channel

[0255] FIG15 shows a flow chart of a transmission method provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application. The method can be applied to a first terminal device and a network device, and the method may include the following steps:

[0256] Step 601: The network device sends a DCI to the first terminal device, where the DCI is used to schedule the first terminal device to receive a downlink data channel and send an uplink feedback channel;

[0257] The DCI may be used to schedule reception of a downlink data channel and HARQ-ACK feedback for the downlink data channel.

[0258] Step 602: The network device sends a downlink data channel to the first terminal device;

[0259] The transmission resources of the downlink data channel are scheduled by DCI.

[0260] As shown in Figure 16, after receiving the DCI sent by the network device, the first terminal device first receives the downlink data channel based on the resource location indicated by the DCI, and then sends an uplink feedback channel to the network device through the uplink feedback channel. The uplink feedback channel is used to feedback whether the downlink data channel is correctly received. For example, the uplink feedback channel can be used to carry ACK (Acknowledgement, positive confirmation) / NACK (Negative Acknowledgement, negative confirmation) feedback.

[0261] Step 603: The first terminal device sends an uplink feedback channel in a first time domain resource unit.

[0262] In some embodiments, the first terminal device sends an uplink feedback channel to the network device via the first time domain resource unit to provide feedback on whether the downlink data channel is correctly received.

[0263] In some embodiments, the first time domain resource unit where the uplink feedback channel is located may be configured by DCI. When the first terminal device receives the DCI, it determines the location of the first time domain resource unit where the uplink feedback channel is located based on the time of receiving the DCI.

[0264] In some embodiments, the time domain length of the first time domain resource unit where the uplink feedback channel is located is related to the channel length of the uplink feedback channel. For example, the channel length of the uplink feedback channel is determined by the HARQ-ACK codebook type used. In some embodiments, the first time domain resource unit where the uplink feedback channel is located includes a guard interval located before and / or after the first time domain resource. Optionally, the length of the guard interval is preconfigured or predefined. The length of the guard interval is related to at least one of the following factors:

[0265] The time interval between the first time domain resource unit and the downlink control channel where the DCI is located;

[0266] The sampling clock accuracy of the first terminal device;

[0267] The time domain length of the first time domain resource unit;

[0268] Timing advance of the first terminal device;

[0269] Channel format of the uplink feedback channel;

[0270] ·The sequence length of the uplink feedback signal.

[0271] In some embodiments, the guard interval includes a first guard interval and a second guard interval, wherein the first guard interval is located before the first time domain resource and the second guard interval is located after the first time domain resource; or, the second guard interval is located before the first time domain resource and the first guard interval is located after the first time domain resource. Optionally, the first guard interval and the second guard interval have the same time domain length; or, the first guard interval and the second guard interval have different time domain lengths.

[0272] In some embodiments, the first time domain resource unit where the uplink feedback channel is located is related to the channel format of the uplink feedback channel. Optionally, for different uplink control information (UCI) formats, the uplink feedback channel resources may include first time domain resource units with different time domain lengths.

[0273] In summary, the method provided by the embodiment of the present application, since the uplink feedback channel is located in the first time domain resource unit, the first time domain resource unit includes a protection interval located before and / or after the first time domain resource. By introducing the protection interval in the uplink feedback channel, the first terminal device can calibrate and correct the clock synchronization accuracy difference to ensure that the uplink channel or uplink signal is sent within the correct time window. This can avoid interference with other users' transmissions (such as downlink transmissions or uplink transmissions of other users) and improve the reliability and efficiency of wireless communications.

[0274] FIG17 shows a flow chart of a transmission device provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application. The device 1600 includes: a sending module 1620 .

[0275] The sending module 1620 is configured to send or backscatter an uplink channel or an uplink signal using a first time domain resource in a first time domain resource unit, wherein the first time domain resource unit further includes a guard interval before and / or after the first time domain resource.

[0276] In some embodiments, the transmitting module 1620 uses the first time domain resources in the first time domain resource unit to transmit or backscatter an uplink channel or uplink signal. In some embodiments, the transmitting module 1620 uses the first time domain resources in the first time domain resource unit to transmit or backscatter an uplink channel or uplink signal to a network device. In some embodiments, the network device may be an access network device or a core network device.

[0277] In some embodiments, the sending module 1620 uses the first time domain resources in the first time domain resource unit to send an uplink channel or an uplink signal. The first time domain resources are part of the time domain resources in the first time domain resource unit, such as at least one of the time domain resources in the middle position, the time domain resources in the front position, and the time domain resources in the back position.

[0278] In different embodiments, the first time domain resource unit may be referred to as a frame structure, a subframe structure, a time slot structure, a symbol group structure, or other names. In some embodiments, the first time domain resource unit is designed using the time domain resource i shown in FIG7 as a time unit, such as a time slot. The first time domain resource may be referred to as an uplink resource.

[0279] In some embodiments, the transmitting module 1620 uses the first time domain resource in the first time domain resource unit to backscatter the uplink channel or uplink signal. In backscatter communication, the transmitting module 1620 does not directly transmit data, but instead modulates the uplink channel or uplink signal based on the wireless signal received from the network device, intermediate node, or power supply device, and scatters the modulated wireless signal to the network device.

[0280] In some embodiments, the first time domain resource unit is a time domain resource structure including the first time domain resource. Optionally, the first time domain resource unit is referred to as a floating time slot. In some embodiments, the floating time slot is used to transmit or send an uplink channel or uplink signal, and includes a guard interval before and / or after the first time domain resource.

[0281] In some embodiments, the first time domain resource is a resource used to transmit an uplink channel or uplink signal in a cellular / wireless communication system. In the first time domain resource unit, a guard interval before and / or after the first time domain resource is used to protect the transmission or backscattering of the uplink channel or uplink signal, thereby preventing interference that may be caused to the wireless communication system.

[0282] In some embodiments, the guard interval is a reserved blank time or blank interval. The guard interval can be set before the first time domain resource, or the guard interval can be set after the first time domain resource, or the guard interval can be set both before and after the first time domain resource. Optionally, the length of the guard interval can be preconfigured or predefined, which is not limited in this application. There can be more than one guard interval length, and there can also be more than one corresponding first time domain resource unit.

[0283] In some embodiments, the uplink channel or uplink signal includes at least one of the following:

[0284] Random access channel;

[0285] Uplink data channel;

[0286] Uplink feedback channel;

[0287] Uplink reference signal;

[0288] Uplink pilot signal;

[0289] Uplink measurement signal;

[0290] Uplink data signal.

[0291] In some embodiments, the uplink reference signal includes an uplink pilot signal and an uplink measurement signal. In some embodiments, the uplink reference signal is a signal used by the network device to locate the sending module 1620 and measure channel information. Optionally, the type of the uplink reference signal includes at least one of the following: a sounding reference signal, a demodulation reference signal, an enhanced SRS, and a channel state information reference signal. In some embodiments, the uplink reference signal includes an uplink pilot signal and an uplink measurement signal. The uplink pilot signal is used for channel estimation, and the uplink pilot signal includes a signal for demodulating and / or decoding the uplink data signal. The uplink measurement signal is used to measure the channel, including measurements of signal strength, beam, etc. The uplink data signal is the actual data generated by the above-mentioned device and sent to the network device, such as sensor data.

[0292] The length of the guard interval can be designed in different ways. Please refer to the introduction in the previous section “Length of the guard interval”, which will not be described in detail in this embodiment.

[0293] In some embodiments, the apparatus may further optionally include a processing module and a receiving module. The processing module is configured to generate an uplink channel or an uplink signal, and the receiving module is configured to receive the first signaling and / or the second signaling. For details regarding the first signaling and the second signaling, please refer to the previous sections "First Signaling" and "Second Signaling," and will not be further elaborated in this embodiment.

[0294] To sum up, the device provided in the embodiment of the present application adds a protection interval before and / or after the first time domain resource in the first time domain resource unit. Even if the transmission of the uplink channel / signal is advanced or delayed due to clock inaccuracy, the existence of the protection interval will not interfere with adjacent transmissions, thereby avoiding the uplink channel / signal from interfering with adjacent transmissions located before and after the first time domain resource unit.

[0295] FIG18 shows a flow chart of a transmission device provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present application. The device 1700 includes: a receiving module 1720 .

[0296] The receiving module 1720 is used to receive an uplink channel or uplink signal sent or backscattered by a first terminal device using a first time domain resource in a first time domain resource unit, where the first time domain resource unit also includes a protection interval before and / or after the first time domain resource.

[0297] In some embodiments, receiving module 1720 may be an access network device or a core network device. For example, receiving module 1720 may include various forms of macro base stations, micro base stations, relay stations, access points, etc. In systems using different wireless access technologies, the name of the device that functions as an access network device may vary. For example, in a 5G NR system, it may be called a gNodeB or gNB.

[0298] In some embodiments, the receiving module 1720 receives an uplink channel or an uplink signal sent by the first terminal device using a first time domain resource in a first time domain resource unit. The first time domain resource is a portion of the time domain resources in the first time domain resource unit, such as at least one of a central time domain resource, a front time domain resource, and a rear time domain resource.

[0299] In different embodiments, the first time domain resource unit may be referred to as a frame structure, a subframe structure, a time slot structure, a symbol group structure, or other names. In some embodiments, the first time domain resource unit is designed using the time domain resource i shown in FIG7 as a time unit, such as a time slot. The first time domain resource may be referred to as an uplink resource.

[0300] In some embodiments, receiving module 1720 receives an uplink channel or uplink signal backscattered by the first terminal device using the first time domain resource in the first time domain resource unit. In backscatter communication, the first terminal device does not directly send data, but instead modulates the uplink channel or uplink signal based on the wireless signal received from receiving module 1720, an intermediate node, or a power supply device, and scatters the modulated wireless signal to receiving module 1720.

[0301] In some embodiments, the first time domain resource unit is a time domain resource structure including the first time domain resource. Optionally, the first time domain resource unit is referred to as a floating time slot. In some embodiments, the floating time slot is used to transmit or send an uplink channel or uplink signal, and includes a guard interval before and / or after the first time domain resource.

[0302] In some embodiments, the first time domain resource is a resource used to transmit an uplink channel or uplink signal (i.e., from the transmitting module 1620 to the network device) in a cellular / wireless communication system. In the first time domain resource unit, a guard interval before and / or after the first time domain resource is used to protect the transmission or backscattering of the uplink channel or uplink signal, thereby preventing interference that may be caused to the wireless communication system.

[0303] In some embodiments, the guard interval is a reserved blank time or blank interval. The guard interval can be set before the first time domain resource, or the guard interval can be set after the first time domain resource, or the guard interval can be set both before and after the first time domain resource. Optionally, the length of the guard interval can be preconfigured or predefined, which is not limited in this application. There can be more than one guard interval length, and there can also be more than one corresponding first time domain resource unit.

[0304] In some embodiments, the uplink channel or uplink signal includes at least one of the following:

[0305] Random access channel;

[0306] Uplink data channel;

[0307] Uplink feedback channel;

[0308] Uplink reference signal;

[0309] Uplink pilot signal;

[0310] Uplink measurement signal;

[0311] Uplink data signal.

[0312] In some embodiments, the uplink reference signal includes an uplink pilot signal and an uplink measurement signal. In some embodiments, the uplink reference signal is a signal used by the network device to locate the sending module 1620 and measure channel information. Optionally, the type of the uplink reference signal includes at least one of the following: a sounding reference signal, a demodulation reference signal, an enhanced SRS, and a channel state information reference signal. In some embodiments, the uplink reference signal includes an uplink pilot signal and an uplink measurement signal. The uplink pilot signal is used for channel estimation, and the uplink pilot signal includes a signal for demodulating and / or decoding the uplink data signal. The uplink measurement signal is used to measure the channel, including measurements of signal strength, beam, etc. The uplink data signal is the actual data generated by the above-mentioned device and sent to the network device, such as sensor data.

[0313] The length of the guard interval can be designed in different ways. Please refer to the introduction in the previous section “Length of the guard interval”, which will not be described in detail in this embodiment.

[0314] In some embodiments, the apparatus may further optionally include a processing module and a sending module. The processing module is configured to generate the first signaling and / or the second signaling, and the sending module is configured to send the first signaling and / or the second signaling. For details regarding the first signaling and the second signaling, please refer to the previous sections "First Signaling" and "Second Signaling," and will not be further elaborated in this embodiment.

[0315] To sum up, the device provided in the embodiment of the present application adds a protection interval before and / or after the first time domain resource in the first time domain resource unit. Even if the transmission of the uplink channel / signal is advanced or delayed due to clock inaccuracy, the existence of the protection interval will not interfere with adjacent transmissions, thereby avoiding the uplink channel / signal from interfering with adjacent transmissions located before and after the first time domain resource unit.

[0316] Figure 19 shows a block diagram of a communication device provided in one embodiment of the present application. The communication device may be used to implement the transmission method provided in the above embodiments. The communication device may include: a processor 1801, a receiver 1802, a transmitter 1803, a memory 1804, and a bus 1805.

[0317] The processor 1801 includes one or more processing cores. The processor 1801 executes various functional applications and information processing by running software programs and modules.

[0318] The receiver 1802 and the transmitter 1803 may be implemented as a transceiver, which may be a communication chip.

[0319] The memory 1804 is connected to the processor 1801 via a bus 1805. In some embodiments, the processor 1801 may be implemented as a first IC chip, and the processor 1801 and the memory 1804 may be implemented together as a second IC chip. The first chip or the second chip may be an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) chip.

[0320] The memory 1804 may be used to store at least one computer program, and the processor 1801 may be used to execute the at least one computer program to implement the various steps performed by the communication system in the above method embodiment.

[0321] In addition, the memory 1804 can be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof, and the volatile or non-volatile storage device includes but is not limited to: random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other solid-state storage technology, compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), high-density digital video disc (DVD) or other optical storage, tape cassettes, magnetic tape, disk storage or other magnetic storage devices.

[0322] In an exemplary embodiment, a chip is further provided. The chip includes a programmable logic circuit and / or program instructions. When the chip runs on a multi-link device, it is used to implement the above transmission method.

[0323] In an exemplary embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is further provided. The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, the computer program implements the above-mentioned transmission method.

[0324] In an exemplary embodiment, a computer program product is further provided. When the computer program product is executed by a processor, it is used to implement the above transmission method.

[0325] It should be understood that the "multiple" mentioned in this article refers to two or more. "And / or" describes the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B can represent three situations: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. The character " / " generally indicates that the previous and subsequent associated objects are in an "or" relationship. In addition, the step numbers described in this article only illustrate a possible execution sequence between the steps. In some other embodiments, the above steps may not be executed in the order of the numbers, such as two steps with different numbers are executed at the same time, or two steps with different numbers are executed in the opposite order to the diagram. The embodiments of the present application do not limit this.

[0326] The above description is merely an optional embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A transmission method, characterized in that: The method is performed by a first terminal device, and includes: An uplink channel or an uplink signal is sent or backscattered using a first time domain resource in a first time domain resource unit, wherein the first time domain resource unit further includes a guard interval before and / or after the first time domain resource.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The method further comprises: First signaling is received, where the first signaling is used to configure at least one parameter of the first time domain resource unit.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The at least one parameter of the first time domain resource unit includes at least one of the following: a time interval between the first time domain resource unit and a channel where second signaling is located, the second signaling being used to trigger or schedule the transmission of the uplink channel or uplink signal; a time domain length of the first time domain resource unit; The time domain length of the guard interval; Bit rate; Modulation and coding scheme; Sequence information used by uplink reference signals; Sequence information used by the uplink pilot signal; Sequence information used by the uplink measurement signal.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The length of the guard interval is preconfigured or predefined.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The length of the guard interval is related to at least one of the following factors: a time interval between the first time domain resource unit and a channel where second signaling is located, the second signaling being used to trigger or schedule the transmission of the uplink channel or uplink signal; the sampling clock accuracy of the first terminal device; a time domain length of the first time domain resource unit; a timing advance of the first terminal device; a channel format of the uplink channel; The sequence length of the uplink signal.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The guard interval is determined based on a magnitude relationship between the time interval and at least one first threshold; Different value intervals divided by the at least one first threshold are associated with different protection intervals.

7. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The guard interval is determined based on a magnitude relationship between the sampling clock accuracy and at least one second threshold; Different value intervals divided by the at least one second threshold are associated with different protection intervals.

8. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The guard interval includes a first guard interval and a second guard interval, the first guard interval is located before the first time domain resource, and the second guard interval is located after the first time domain resource; The first guard interval and the second guard interval have the same time domain length; or, The first guard interval and the second guard interval have different time domain lengths.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The method further comprises: A second signaling is received, where the second signaling is used to trigger or schedule the sending of the uplink channel or uplink signal.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that The second signaling includes at least one of the following: Paging; DCI; RRC signaling; Messages during random access; Signaling used to activate the uplink data transmission process of semi-persistent scheduling.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that: The uplink channel or uplink signal includes at least one of the following: Random access channel; Uplink data channel; Uplink feedback channel; Uplink reference signal; Uplink pilot signal; Uplink measurement signal; Uplink data signal.

12. A transmission method, characterized in that: The method is performed by a network device, and includes: The receiving first terminal device uses the first time domain resource in the first time domain resource unit to send or backscatter an uplink channel or an uplink signal, and the first time domain resource unit also includes a protection interval located before and / or after the first time domain resource.

13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that The method further comprises: Sending first signaling, where the first signaling is used to configure at least one parameter of the first time domain resource unit.

14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that The at least one parameter of the first time domain resource unit includes at least one of the following: a time interval between the first time domain resource unit and a channel where second signaling is located, the second signaling being used to trigger or schedule the transmission of the uplink channel or uplink signal; a time domain length of the first time domain resource unit; The time domain length of the guard interval; Bit rate; Modulation and coding scheme; Sequence information used by uplink reference signals; Sequence information used by the uplink pilot signal; Sequence information used by the uplink measurement signal.

15. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that: The length of the guard interval is preconfigured or predefined.

16. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 15, characterized in that: The length of the guard interval is related to at least one of the following factors: a time interval between the first time domain resource unit and a channel where second signaling is located, the second signaling being used to trigger or schedule the transmission of the uplink channel or uplink signal; the sampling clock accuracy of the first terminal device; a time domain length of the first time domain resource unit; a timing advance of the first terminal device; a channel format of the uplink channel; The sequence length of the uplink signal.

17. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that The guard interval is determined based on a magnitude relationship between the time interval and at least one first threshold; Different value intervals divided by the at least one first threshold are associated with different protection intervals.

18. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that The guard interval is determined based on a magnitude relationship between the sampling clock accuracy and at least one second threshold; Different value intervals divided by the at least one second threshold are associated with different protection intervals.

19. The method according to claim 16, wherein The guard interval includes a first guard interval and a second guard interval, the first guard interval is located before the first time domain resource, and the second guard interval is located after the first time domain resource; The first guard interval and the second guard interval have the same time domain length; or, The first guard interval and the second guard interval have different time domain lengths.

20. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 19, characterized in that The method further comprises: Sending second signaling, where the second signaling is used to trigger or schedule the sending of the uplink channel or uplink signal.

21. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that The second signaling includes at least one of the following: Paging; DCI; RRC signaling; Messages during random access; Signaling used to activate the uplink data transmission process of semi-persistent scheduling.

22. The method according to any one of claims 12 to 21, characterized in that The uplink channel or uplink signal includes at least one of the following: Random access channel; Uplink data channel; Uplink feedback channel; Uplink reference signal; Uplink pilot signal; Uplink measurement signal; Uplink data signal.

23. A transmission device, characterized in that: The device comprises: The sending module is used to use the first time domain resource in the first time domain resource unit to send or backscatter an uplink channel or an uplink signal, and the first time domain resource unit also includes a guard interval before and / or after the first time domain resource.

24. A transmission device, characterized in that: The device comprises: A receiving module is used to receive an uplink channel or uplink signal sent or backscattered by a first terminal device using a first time domain resource in a first time domain resource unit, wherein the first time domain resource unit also includes a protection interval located before and / or after the first time domain resource.

25. A communication device, characterized in that: The communication device comprises: processor; a receiver and / or transmitter connected to the processor; a memory for storing executable instructions for the processor; The communication device is used to implement the transmission method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, or the transmission method according to any one of claims 12 to 22.

26. A communication device, characterized in that: The communication device includes: a receiver and / or a transmitter; The communication device is used to implement the transmission method according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

27. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that The readable storage medium stores executable instructions, which are loaded and executed by a processor to implement the transmission method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, or the transmission method according to any one of claims 12 to 22.

28. A chip, characterized in that: The chip includes a programmable logic circuit or a program, and the chip is used to implement the transmission method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, or the transmission method according to any one of claims 12 to 22.

29. A computer program product, characterized in that The computer program product includes computer instructions, which are stored in a computer-readable storage medium. The processor of a computer device reads the computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium, and the processor executes the computer instructions, so that the computer device performs the transmission method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, or the transmission method according to any one of claims 12 to 22.

30. A computer program, characterized in that The computer program includes computer instructions, and the processor of the computer device executes the computer instructions, so that the computer device performs the transmission method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, or the transmission method according to any one of claims 12 to 22.

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