Optical transmission performance determination method and apparatus

Abstract

Provided in the embodiments of the present application is an optical transmission performance determination method, which is applicable to a first apparatus. The method comprises: receiving an optical signal transmitted by a second apparatus by means of an optical module, and performing photoelectric conversion on the optical signal to obtain a first electric signal; adding a first noise to the first electric signal to obtain a second electric signal; performing FEC decoding on the second electric signal, so as to determine a first bit error rate of the second electric signal; and by taking into account the numerical relationship between the first bit error rate and a target bit error rate, determining optical transmission performance parameters. The target bit error rate is a large bit error rate; and the first bit error rate being equal to the target bit error rate indicates that the bit error rate of the second electric signal obtained after addition of the first noise to the first electric signal degrades to the target bit error rate, so that on the basis of the first noise, the first apparatus can determine the optical transmission performance parameters used for measuring the optical transmission performance. Therefore, the solution of the embodiments of the present application can be used for determining the optical transmission performance.

Description

A method and device for determining optical transmission performance

[0001] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the State Intellectual Property Office on February 6, 2024, with application number 202410171530.6 and invention name “A method and device for determining optical transmission performance”; this application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the State Intellectual Property Office on February 20, 2024, with application number 202410188773.0 and invention name “A method and device for determining optical transmission performance”, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0002] The present application relates to the field of communications, and in particular to a method and device for determining optical transmission performance. Background Art

[0003] Data between devices can be transmitted in the form of optical signals. Optical modules are important components for enabling inter-device communication. In some scenarios, the transmitting device and the receiving device can be connected via optical fiber. Both the transmitting device and the receiving device include optical modules. The optical module included in the transmitting device can convert the electrical signal to be transmitted into an optical signal, which can be received by the optical module included in the receiving device after being transmitted via the optical fiber. After receiving the optical signal, the optical module of the receiving device can convert the received optical signal into an electrical signal. Furthermore, other components included in the receiving device can further process the electrical signal.

[0004] Optical transmission performance has a significant impact on the reliability of inter-device communication. Optical transmission performance can characterize the quality of the optical signal sent by the transmitting device, and the quality of the optical signal further affects the reliability of inter-device communication.

[0005] How to determine the optical transmission performance is an urgent problem that needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The embodiments of the present application provide a method and apparatus for determining optical transmission performance, which can determine optical transmission performance.

[0007] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present application provide a method for determining optical transmission performance. The method can be applied to a first device, which can be, for example, a test device. The first device can receive an optical signal sent by a second device via an optical module. After receiving the optical signal, the first device can first perform photoelectric conversion on the optical signal to obtain a first electrical signal. Furthermore, the optical transmission performance parameter can be determined based on the first electrical signal. As a specific example, the first device can add a first noise to the first electrical signal to obtain a second electrical signal. Furthermore, the second electrical signal can be decoded using forward error correction (FEC) to determine a first bit error rate (BER) of the second electrical signal. In one example, the optical transmission performance parameter can be determined based on the quantitative relationship between the first BER and a target BER. The target BER is a relatively large BER. Specifically, if the first BER is equal to the target BER, it means that after adding the first noise to the first electrical signal, the BER of the second electrical signal has degraded to the target BER. Therefore, the first noise can, to a certain extent, characterize the quality of the optical signal sent by the second device. In other words, the first noise can, to a certain extent, characterize the optical transmission performance. Therefore, the first device can determine the optical transmission performance parameter used to measure the optical transmission performance based on the first noise. It can be seen that the optical transmission performance can be determined using the solution of the embodiment of the present application.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the second device and / or the optical module may encode the data to obtain encoded data. Furthermore, the optical module may perform electrical-to-optical conversion on the encoded data to obtain an optical signal, and the optical signal may be sent to the first device. In other words, the optical signal may be an optical signal obtained by the optical module performing electrical-to-optical conversion on the encoded data, and the encoded data may be data obtained by encoding the data. In this case, using the solution of an embodiment of the present application, optical transmission performance may be determined in a scenario where the optical signal is an optical signal obtained by the optical module performing photoelectric conversion on the encoded data.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the coded data is data obtained after FEC encoding has been performed on the data. For example, the data may be encoded by a second device or an optical module to obtain the coded data. In this case, using the solution of an embodiment of the present application, in a scenario where the second device or optical module performs FEC encoding on the data, optical transmission performance is determined.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the encoded data is the data after cascade FEC encoding is performed on the data. For example, the data can be encoded by a second device and / or an optical module to obtain the encoded data. For this case, using the solution of an embodiment of the present application, the optical transmission performance is determined in a scenario where the second device or optical module performs cascade FEC encoding on the data. Wherein: the process of cascade FEC encoding may include: first performing outer code encoding on the data to obtain outer code encoded data, and then performing inner code encoding on the outer code encoded data to obtain inner code encoded data. In the scenario of cascade coding and cascade FEC encoding, the encoded data obtained by performing cascade coding and cascade FEC encoding on the data is the aforementioned inner code encoded data.

[0011] In one possible implementation, if the encoded data is data after concatenated FEC encoding, as an example, the second device may perform concatenated FEC encoding on the data and send the resulting encoded data to the optical module. That is, both the inner code encoding and the outer code encoding are performed by the second device.

[0012] In one possible implementation, if the coded data is data after cascade FEC encoding, as an example, the second device can perform outer code encoding on the data to obtain outer code-encoded data, and then transmit the outer code-encoded data to the optical module. Furthermore, the optical module can perform inner code encoding on the outer code-encoded data to obtain the inner code-encoded data. That is, the outer code encoding is performed by the second device, and the inner code encoding is performed by the optical module.

[0013] In a possible implementation, the first bit error rate may be a bit error ratio (BER), a symbol error ratio (SER), or a codeword error ratio (CER). The bit error rate may also be referred to as a bit error rate, which may be the ratio of the number of erroneous bits in the decoded data to the total number of bits in the decoded data. The symbol error rate may also be referred to as a symbol error rate, which may be the ratio of the number of erroneous symbols in the decoded data to the total number of symbols in the decoded data. The codeword error rate may also be referred to as a codeword error rate, which may be the ratio of the number of erroneous codewords in the decoded data to the total number of codewords in the decoded data. In the scenario where the aforementioned encoded data is data obtained by performing cascade FEC encoding on the data, the codeword mentioned here may be an inner codeword.

[0014] In one possible implementation, after the first device obtains the second electrical signal, it can also use a signal restorer to process the second electrical signal to obtain a third electrical signal. Furthermore, the third electrical signal is FEC decoded to obtain decoded data. After obtaining the decoded data, the bit error rate of the third electrical signal can be obtained based on the decoded data. In an embodiment of the present application, the bit error rate of the third electrical signal can be used as the first bit error rate. The third electrical signal is a signal obtained after performing signal recovery on the second electrical signal. Therefore, determining the first bit error rate based on the third electrical signal can obtain a smaller bit error rate than determining the first bit error rate directly based on the second electrical signal. Accordingly, the determined optical transmission performance parameters can be made more accurate.

[0015] In one possible implementation, in one example, before the first device uses the signal restorer to process the second electrical signal, it can also adjust the parameters of the signal restorer based on the first noise, so that the signal restorer can be adjusted to an appropriate state. Accordingly, when the signal restorer is used to process the second electrical signal, the signal restorer with adjusted parameters is used to process the second electrical signal to obtain the third electrical signal. In this way, a smaller first bit error rate can be determined, and accordingly, the determined optical transmission performance can be made more accurate.

[0016] In one possible implementation, the bit error rate of the third electrical signal obtained based on the decoded data can be obtained by comparing the decoded data with the data to obtain the bit error rate of the third electrical signal. For example, in a scenario where the encoded data is data obtained by performing FEC encoding on the data, the decoded data and the data can be directly compared to obtain the bit error rate of the third electrical signal. For another example, in a scenario where the encoded data is data obtained by performing cascaded FEC encoding on the data, the decoded data can be compared with outer code encoded data obtained by performing outer code encoding on the data to obtain the bit error rate of the third electrical signal.

[0017] In one possible implementation, the bit error rate of the electrical signal can also be determined taking into account the eye diagram based on the electrical signal. Therefore, in some implementations, the first device can also obtain the eye diagram corresponding to the third electrical signal. Further, based on the eye diagram corresponding to the third electrical signal, the second bit error rate of the third electrical signal is determined. Accordingly, in a scenario where the second bit error rate is obtained based on the eye diagram of the third electrical signal, when determining the optical transmission performance parameters in a specific implementation, the first device can determine the optical transmission performance parameters based on the first bit error rate and the second bit error rate in response to the first bit error rate being equal to the target bit error rate. In this way, compared with determining the optical transmission performance parameters based on only the first bit error rate, the determined optical transmission performance parameters are more accurate and reliable.

[0018] In one possible implementation, the coded data may be subjected to signal modulation before being converted into the optical signal. In other words, the optical signal is obtained by modulating the coded data. In one example, the coded data may be subjected to intensity modulation (IM). In another example, the coded data may be subjected to coherent modulation.

[0019] In one possible implementation, in a scenario where the coded data is intensity modulated, the specific method of intensity modulating the coded data may be four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) or six-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM6). In this case, using the solution of the embodiment of the present application, optical transmission performance can be determined in a scenario where the coded data is intensity modulated.

[0020] In one possible implementation, in a scenario where the coded data is coherently modulated, the specific method of intensity modulating the coded data may be dual polarization 16-state quadrature amplitude modulation (DP-16QAM), dual polarization 32-state quadrature amplitude modulation (DP-32QAM), or dual polarization 64-state quadrature amplitude modulation (DP-64QAM). In this case, using the solution of an embodiment of the present application, the optical transmission performance can be determined in a scenario where the coded data is coherently modulated.

[0021] In one possible implementation, if the optical signal is obtained by intensity modulation of the encoded data, the aforementioned signal restorer is an equalizer. Accordingly, when the first device uses the signal restorer to process the second electrical signal, the equalizer can be used to equalize the second electrical signal in a specific implementation.

[0022] In one possible implementation, if the optical signal is obtained by coherent modulation of the encoded data, the aforementioned signal restorer may include an equalizer and a signal compensator. Accordingly, when the first device uses the signal restorer to process the second electrical signal, the equalizer and the signal compensator may be used to equalize and compensate the second electrical signal in a specific implementation.

[0023] In one possible implementation, the first device determines the optical transmission performance parameter based on the first noise. The first noise and the second noise may be combined to determine the optical transmission performance parameter. The second noise may be noise added to an ideal signal excluding noise. Specifically, the second noise may be determined by: obtaining a fourth electrical signal based on the ideal signal excluding noise, and adding noise to the fourth electrical signal to obtain a fifth electrical signal. The fifth electrical signal is subjected to FEC decoding to determine a third bit error rate (BER) of the fifth electrical signal. In response to the third BER being equal to the target BER, the noise added to the fourth electrical signal is determined as the second noise. Based on the above description, it can be seen that after adding the first noise to the first electrical signal, the BER of the second electrical signal degrades to the target BER, while after adding the second noise to the fourth electrical signal corresponding to the ideal signal, the BER of the second electrical signal degrades to the target BER. Therefore, the quantitative relationship between the first noise and the second noise can represent the quality of the optical signal transmitted by the second device. Therefore, in this scenario, the optical transmission performance parameter can be determined based on the first noise and the second noise.

[0024] In one possible implementation, the difference between the power of the first noise and the power of the second noise can be characterized by taking into account the ratio of the power of the second noise to the power of the first noise. Therefore, the optical transmission performance parameter can be determined based on the ratio of the power of the second noise to the power of the first noise.

[0025] In a possible implementation, the aforementioned data may be service data. In this scenario, the optical transmission performance may be determined based on the service data.

[0026] In one possible implementation, the data may be a preset test sequence. That is, the optical transmission performance may be tested using the preset test sequence. In a specific scenario, before the optical module leaves the factory, the optical module may be inserted into a reserved slot on the second device, and the optical transmission performance may be tested using the preset test sequence.

[0027] In one possible implementation, the test sequence may be any sequence suitable for testing optical transmission performance. In a specific example, the test sequence may be any one of a pseudo-random sequence, a square wave, a short stress pattern random quaternary (SSPRQ) sequence, or a scrambled idle sequence. The pseudo-random sequence may be a pseudo-random binary sequence (PRBS). In other words, in an embodiment of the present application, a pseudo-random sequence, a square wave, a short stress pattern random quaternary sequence, or a scrambled idle sequence may be used as a test sequence to test optical transmission performance, thereby obtaining optical transmission performance.

[0028] In one possible implementation, the codeword included in the encoded data may be any one of a Hamming code, a Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocquenghem code, a low-density parity check (LDPC) code, a Reed-Solomon (RS) code, and a Reed-Muller (RM) code. Specifically, in a scenario where the encoded data is FEC encoding of data, the type of the FEC codeword included in the encoded data may be any one of a Hamming code, a BCH code, an LDPC code, an RS code, and an RM code. In a scenario where the encoded data is concatenated FEC encoding of data, the type of the inner codeword or outer codeword included in the encoded data may be any one of a Hamming code, a BCH code, an LDPC code, an RS code, and an RM code.

[0029] In one possible implementation, the aforementioned optical transmission performance parameter may be transmitter and dispersion eye closure quaternary (TDECQ), transmitter eye closure quaternary (TECQ), or transmitter constellation closure (TCC). As a specific example, if the optical signal is obtained by intensity modulation of the coded data, the optical transmission performance parameter may be TDECQ or TECQ. If the optical signal is obtained by coherent modulation of the coded data, the optical transmission performance parameter may be TCC.

[0030] In one possible implementation, if the optical signal is obtained by intensity modulation of the encoded data, the first device performs photoelectric conversion on the optical signal to obtain a first electrical signal. In a specific implementation, the first device can use a photoelectric converter such as a photodiode to perform photoelectric conversion on the optical signal to obtain the first electrical signal.

[0031] In one possible implementation, if the optical signal is obtained by coherently modulating the encoded data, the first device performs photoelectric conversion on the optical signal to obtain a first electrical signal. In a specific implementation, the first device may process the optical signal using a polarization beam splitter, an optical local oscillator, and an oscilloscope to obtain the first electrical signal. Specifically, the first device may split the optical signal into two optical signals using a polarization beam splitter, and mix the two optical signals with the optical signal of the optical local oscillator using a 90-degree hybrid to obtain four processed optical signals. The four processed optical signals are subjected to photoelectric conversion by four balanced detectors to obtain four electrical signals. Furthermore, the four electrical signals are input into an oscilloscope to obtain the first electrical signal.

[0032] On the second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for determining optical transmission performance, which can be applied to a second device, and the second device can send data including a preset test sequence to the first device through an optical module, so that the first device can determine the optical transmission performance parameters based on the data. Specifically, the optical module can perform electrical-optical conversion on the data to obtain an optical signal, and send the optical signal to the first device. In one example, the optical signal is an optical signal obtained by performing electrical-optical conversion on the encoded data after the optical module encodes the data. In other words, using the solution of the embodiment of the present application, in a scenario where the transmitting end device performs FEC encoding on the data before converting the data into an optical signal and sending it to the receiving end, the optical transmission performance can be determined. The transmitting end device mentioned here may be a second device with an optical module inserted.

[0033] Regarding the first device determining the optical transmission performance parameters, the data, and the encoded data based on the data, reference may be made to the relevant description of the first aspect above, which will not be repeated here.

[0034] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a device for determining optical transmission performance, which is applied to a first device, and the device includes a unit for executing the method described in the first aspect and any one of the above first aspects. As a specific example, the device for determining optical transmission performance includes: a receiving unit and a processing unit. The receiving unit is used to receive an optical signal sent by the second device through an optical module; the processing unit is used to perform photoelectric conversion on the optical signal to obtain a first electrical signal, add a first noise to the first electrical signal to obtain a second electrical signal, perform forward error correction FEC decoding on the second electrical signal, and determine a first bit error rate of the second electrical signal. In response to the first bit error rate being equal to the target bit error rate, the optical transmission performance parameter is determined according to the first noise.

[0035] In a possible implementation, the optical signal is an optical signal obtained by the optical module performing electrical-optical conversion on the encoded data, and the encoded data is data obtained by encoding the data.

[0036] In a possible implementation, the encoded data is data obtained by performing FEC encoding on the data.

[0037] In a possible implementation, the coded data is data obtained after performing concatenated FEC coding on data, wherein the concatenated FEC coding includes inner code coding and outer code coding.

[0038] In a possible implementation, performing FEC decoding on the second electrical signal includes: performing inner code decoding on the second electrical signal.

[0039] In a possible implementation, the outer code encoding is performed by the second device, and the inner code encoding is performed by the optical module; or, both the inner code encoding and the outer code encoding are performed by the second device.

[0040] In a possible implementation, the first bit error rate includes: a bit error rate BER, a symbol error rate SER, or a word error rate CER.

[0041] In one possible implementation, performing forward error correction (FEC) decoding on the second electrical signal and determining the first bit error rate of the second electrical signal includes: processing the second electrical signal using a signal restorer to obtain a third electrical signal; performing FEC decoding on the third electrical signal, and using the bit error rate of the third electrical signal as the first bit error rate.

[0042] In one possible implementation, the processing unit is further used to adjust the parameters of the signal restorer according to the first noise before the first device uses the signal restorer to process the second electrical signal; accordingly, the use of the signal restorer to process the second electrical signal to obtain the third electrical signal includes: using the signal restorer with adjusted parameters to process the second electrical signal to obtain the third electrical signal.

[0043] In one possible implementation, decoding the third electrical signal and using the bit error rate of the third electrical signal as the first bit error rate includes: decoding the third electrical signal to obtain decoded data; comparing the decoded data with the data to obtain the bit error rate of the third electrical signal; and using the bit error rate of the third electrical signal as the first bit error rate.

[0044] In one possible implementation, the processing unit is further used to: obtain an eye diagram corresponding to the third electrical signal; determine a second bit error rate of the third electrical signal based on the eye diagram corresponding to the third electrical signal; and in response to the first bit error rate being equal to the target bit error rate, determine the optical transmission performance parameter based on the first noise, including: in response to the first bit error rate being equal to the target bit error rate, determine the optical transmission performance parameter based on the first bit error rate and the second bit error rate.

[0045] In a possible implementation, the processing the second electrical signal by using a signal restorer to obtain a third electrical signal includes: equalizing the second electrical signal by using the signal restorer to obtain the third electrical signal.

[0046] In a possible implementation, the processing the second electrical signal by using a signal restorer to obtain a third electrical signal includes: performing equalization and signal compensation on the second electrical signal by using the signal restorer to obtain the third electrical signal.

[0047] In one possible implementation, determining the optical transmission performance parameter based on the first noise includes: determining the optical transmission performance parameter based on the first noise and second noise; wherein the second noise is determined in the following manner: obtaining a fourth electrical signal based on an ideal signal that does not include noise, and adding noise to the fourth electrical signal to obtain a fifth electrical signal; performing FEC decoding on the fifth electrical signal to determine a third bit error rate of the fifth electrical signal; and in response to the third bit error rate being equal to the target bit error rate, determining the noise added to the fourth electrical signal as the second noise.

[0048] In a possible implementation, determining the optical transmission performance parameter according to the first noise and the second noise includes: determining the optical transmission performance parameter according to a ratio of a power of the second noise to a power of the first noise.

[0049] In a possible implementation, the data is a preset test sequence.

[0050] In a possible implementation, the test sequence includes: a pseudo-random sequence, a square wave, a short stress mode random quad sequence, or a scrambled idle sequence.

[0051] In a possible implementation, the codeword type corresponding to the inner codeword or the outer codeword included in the encoded data includes any one of the following: Hamming code, BCH code, low-density parity check LDPC code, RS code and RM code.

[0052] In a possible implementation, the optical signal is obtained by intensity modulating the coded data; or, the optical signal is obtained by coherently modulating the coded data.

[0053] In a possible implementation, when intensity modulation is used, the modulation mode of the encoded data includes: four-level pulse amplitude modulation PAM4, or six-level pulse amplitude modulation PAM6.

[0054] In a possible implementation, when coherent modulation is used, the modulation mode of the coded data includes: dual-polarization 16-state quadrature amplitude DP-16QAM, or dual-polarization 32-state quadrature amplitude DP-32QAM.

[0055] In a possible implementation, the optical transmission performance parameter includes: transmit dispersion eye closure four-phase TDECQ, or transmit eye closure four-phase TECQ, or transmitter constellation closure TCC.

[0056] In one possible implementation, performing photoelectric conversion on the optical signal to obtain the first electrical signal includes: performing photoelectric conversion on the optical signal using a photodiode to obtain the first electrical signal; or, processing the optical signal using a polarization beam splitter, an optical local oscillator, and an oscilloscope to obtain the first electrical signal, or, processing the optical signal using a polarization beam splitter, an optical local oscillator, a 90-degree hybrid, a balanced photodetector, and an oscilloscope to obtain the first electrical signal.

[0057] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a device. The device includes a processor configured to execute the method described in the first aspect and any one of the above aspects; or the processor configured to execute the instructions or computer program in the memory to execute the method described in the second aspect and any one of the above aspects.

[0058] In one possible implementation, the device also includes a memory, which is used to store instructions or computer programs, and the processor is used to execute the instructions or computer programs in the memory, triggering the method described in the first aspect of the device and any one of the above first aspects; or, the processor is used to execute the instructions or computer programs in the memory, and execute the method described in the second aspect and any one of the above second aspects.

[0059] In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a device comprising an interface circuit and a processing circuit, wherein the interface circuit is used to receive and / or send data, and the processing circuit is used to perform data processing.

[0060] In one example, the apparatus may be applied to a first device, where:

[0061] The interface circuit is used to receive an optical signal sent by a second device through an optical module; the processing circuit is used to perform photoelectric conversion on the optical signal to obtain a first electrical signal, add a first noise to the first electrical signal to obtain a second electrical signal, perform forward error correction (FEC) decoding on the second electrical signal, and determine a first bit error rate of the second electrical signal. In response to the first bit error rate being equal to a target bit error rate, determine an optical transmission performance parameter based on the first noise.

[0062] In yet another example, the apparatus may be applied to a second device, in which case:

[0063] The processing circuit is used to obtain data including a preset test sequence; the interface circuit is used to send the data including the preset test sequence to the first device through the optical module, so that the first device determines the optical transmission performance parameters based on the data.

[0064] In a sixth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, comprising instructions or a computer program, which, when run on a computer, enables the computer to execute the method described in the first aspect and any one of the above first aspects, or, when run on a computer, enables the computer to execute the method described in the second aspect and any one of the above second aspects.

[0065] In the seventh aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product comprising instructions or computer programs, which, when run on a computer, enables the computer to execute the method described in the first aspect and any one of the above first aspects, or enables the computer to execute the method described in the second aspect and any one of the above second aspects.

[0066] In an eighth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication system, which includes a first device for executing the method described in the first aspect and any one of the above first aspects, and a second device for executing the method described in the second aspect and any one of the above second aspects.

[0067] In a possible implementation, the communication system further includes an optical module, which can be inserted into a card slot reserved in the second device.

[0068] In the ninth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a chip, including an interface circuit and a processing circuit, and the chip is used to execute the method described in the first aspect and any one of the above first aspects; or, execute the method described in the second aspect and any one of the above second aspects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0069] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0070] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a process for determining optical transmission performance parameters in conventional technology;

[0071] FIG2a is a schematic diagram of an exemplary application scenario provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0072] FIG2 b is a schematic diagram of another exemplary application scenario provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0073] FIG2c is a schematic diagram of another exemplary application scenario provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0074] FIG2 d is a schematic diagram of an exemplary application scenario provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0075] FIG2e is a schematic diagram of another exemplary application scenario provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0076] FIG2f is a schematic diagram of another exemplary application scenario provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0077] FIG3 is a schematic flow chart of a method for determining optical transmission performance according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0078] FIG4 a is a schematic flow chart of a method for determining optical transmission performance according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0079] FIG4 b is a schematic flow chart of another method for determining optical transmission performance provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0080] FIG4c is a schematic flow chart of another method for determining optical transmission performance provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0081] FIG5a is a schematic diagram of a process for determining TDECQ according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0082] FIG5 b is a schematic diagram of another process for determining TCC provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0083] FIG6 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for determining optical transmission performance provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0084] FIG7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0085] FIG8 is a schematic structural diagram of another device provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0086] FIG9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a chip provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0087] The embodiments of the present application provide a method and apparatus for determining optical transmission performance, which can determine optical transmission performance.

[0088] Optical transmission performance characterizes the quality of the optical signal sent by a transmitter. Optical transmission performance can be measured using optical transmission performance parameters. Before sending data to a receiver, the transmitter can modulate the data. These optical transmission performance parameters are related to the modulation method used by the transmitter.

[0089] In one example, if the transmitting device modulates data using intensity modulation, the optical transmission performance parameter may be TDECQ or TECQ. Intensity modulation may include PAM4. In other words, when intensity modulation is used to modulate data, the data modulation method may be PAM4.

[0090] In another example, if the transmitting device modulates data using coherent modulation, the optical transmission performance parameter may be TCC. Coherent modulation may include DP-16QAM or DP-32QAM. In other words, when coherent modulation is used to modulate data, the data may be modulated using DP-16QAM or DP-32QAM.

[0091] Currently, the TDECQ and TECQ determination processes can be illustrated in Figure 1. Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the conventional optical transmission performance parameter determination process. It should be noted that the TDECQ and TECQ determination processes are identical to those shown in Figure 1. The length of the optical fiber between the optical module and the tester determines the type of parameters determined by executing the process shown in Figure 1. Specifically, if the optical fiber is short, the parameters determined by executing the process shown in Figure 1 are TECQ; if the optical fiber is long, the parameters determined by executing the process shown in Figure 1 are TDECQ. It can be understood that the difference between TDECQ and TECQ lies in the different optical fiber links shown in Figure 1. These differences are reflected in the fiber length, insertion loss, and dispersion values ​​of the link. A TECQ test system can include a short optical fiber segment whose loss and dispersion are negligible. A TDECQ test system can include a long optical fiber segment whose loss and dispersion must meet standard requirements.

[0092] Next, the process shown in FIG1 is introduced.

[0093] The optical module converts the test sequence into an optical signal and sends it to the tester. The tester may also be referred to as a test device or a test equipment, which is not specifically limited in the present embodiment.

[0094] The tester receives the optical signal sent by the optical module. The tester performs the following steps on the received optical signal:

[0095] 1. Perform photoelectric conversion on the optical signal to obtain an electrical signal.

[0096] In one example, a photodiode may be used to convert the optical signal into an electrical signal.

[0097] 2. Add noise to the electrical signal to obtain the electrical signal after adding noise.

[0098] 3. Using an equalizer to process the electrical signal after adding noise to obtain a processed electrical signal.

[0099] 4. Obtain an eye diagram corresponding to the processed electrical signal.

[0100] In an example, an oscilloscope may be used to display an eye diagram corresponding to the electrical signal, and the eye diagram displayed by the oscilloscope may be obtained.

[0101] 5. Determine the symbol error rate based on the eye diagram.

[0102] The symbol error rate may also be referred to as the symbol error rate. The symbol error rate mentioned here may be the error rate of the PAM4 symbol.

[0103] 6. Compare the symbol error rate determined in step 4 with the target symbol error rate. If the symbol error rate determined in step 4 and the target symbol error rate are the same, determine TDECQ or TECQ based on the noise added in step 2. If the symbol error rate determined in step 4 and the target symbol error rate are different, adjust the amount of noise added and repeat steps 2-6.

[0104] Currently, the method for determining TCC is similar to that for determining TDECQ (or TECQ). The differences are mainly reflected in the following two points:

[0105] 1. When determining TCC, the tester converts the received optical signal into an electrical signal, which is a complex process. This process is not described in detail here.

[0106] 2. When determining the symbol error rate, the symbol error rate is not determined based on the eye diagram. Instead, the data processed by the signal restorer is demodulated and compared with the data sent by the optical module to determine the bit error rate. The function of the signal restorer is similar to that of the equalizer mentioned above, except that in addition to equalizing the input signal, the signal restorer can also perform operations such as signal compensation.

[0107] With the advancement of communication technology, transmitting devices may now perform FEC encoding on data before converting it into an optical signal and sending it to the receiving end. For example, optical modules may perform FEC encoding on the data. However, in this scenario, the previously mentioned methods for determining TDECQ, TECQ, and TCC are no longer applicable. Therefore, when the transmitting device performs FEC encoding on data before converting it into an optical signal and sending it to the receiving end, determining optical transmission performance remains an unresolved issue.

[0108] Next, the possible application scenarios of this application are introduced.

[0109] See Figure 2a, which is a schematic diagram of an exemplary application scenario provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0110] As shown in Figure 2a, the transmitting device can perform FEC encoding on the data and send the FEC-encoded data to the receiving device. The transmitting device can perform electrical-to-optical conversion on the FEC-encoded data to obtain an optical signal, and then send the optical signal to the receiving device. Correspondingly, after receiving the data sent by the transmitting device, the receiving device can perform FEC decoding on the data. The receiving device can perform optical-to-electrical conversion on the received optical signal to obtain an electrical signal, and then further perform FEC decoding on the electrical signal.

[0111] In one example, when the transmitting end device performs FEC encoding on the data, in a specific implementation, the data may be subjected to concatenated FEC encoding, wherein the concatenated FEC encoding may include outer code encoding and inner code encoding.

[0112] Please refer to Figure 2b, which is a schematic diagram of another exemplary application scenario provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 2b, the transmitting end device can perform outer code encoding on the data, and further, the second device or optical module further performs inner code encoding on the data obtained by the outer code encoding, and sends the data after the inner code encoding to the receiving end device. In a specific example, please refer to Figure 2c for understanding, which is a schematic diagram of another exemplary application scenario provided by an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 2c, the transmitting end device can perform outer code encoding on the data, and send the data obtained by the outer code encoding to the optical module, and further the optical module further performs inner code encoding on the data obtained by the outer code encoding. Among them, the transmitting end device or the optical module can perform electro-optical conversion on the data after the inner code encoding to obtain an optical signal, and send the optical signal to the receiving end device. Correspondingly, after the receiving end device receives the data sent by the transmitting end device, it can perform inner code decoding on the data, and further perform outer code decoding on the data obtained by the inner code decoding. Among them, the receiving end device can perform photoelectric conversion on the received optical signal to obtain an electrical signal, and further perform inner code decoding on the electrical signal. In some scenarios, before the transmitting end device further performs inner code encoding on the data obtained by outer code encoding, it may also perform corresponding processing on the data obtained by outer code encoding, for example, performing data interleaving and / or data position transformation and other processing. Accordingly, the object of the transmitting end device performing inner code encoding is the data after the corresponding processing on the data obtained by outer code encoding. In addition, after the transmitting end device performs inner code encoding, it may also perform data interleaving and / or data position transformation and other processing on the data after inner code encoding. Accordingly, the data sent by the transmitting end device to the receiving end device is the data obtained after performing data interleaving and / or data position transformation and other processing on the data after inner code encoding. The operation performed by the receiving end device is the inverse operation of the operation performed by the transmitting end device, and will not be repeated here. Specifically, please refer to Figures 2d, 2e and 2f, which are schematic diagrams of three other exemplary application scenarios provided in the embodiments of the present application. No detailed description will be given here regarding Figures 2d, 2e and 2f.

[0113] Next, the method for determining optical transmission performance provided in an embodiment of the present application is introduced with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0114] Referring to Figure 3, which is a flow chart of a method for determining optical transmission performance provided by an embodiment of the present application, the method shown in Figure 3 includes the following steps S101-S105.

[0115] S101: A first device receives an optical signal sent by a second device via an optical module.

[0116] In an embodiment of the present application, the first device is a data receiving end, the second device is a data sending end, a card slot may be reserved on the second device, and the optical module may be inserted into the card slot reserved on the second device. Since the optical module is inserted into the card slot reserved on the second device, in some scenarios, the optical module can also be considered as a part of the second device. Of course, the optical module can also be understood as a device independent of the second device, and this embodiment of the present application does not make specific limitations. The type of the optical module can be a linear pluggable optics (linear-drive pluggable optics or linear-drive pluggable optics, LPO) module, a near package optics (near package optics, NPO) module or a co-packaged optics (co-packaged optics, CPO).

[0117] In one example, the first device may be a network device, for example, a router or a switch. In another example, the first device may be a tester.

[0118] In one example, the second device may be a network device, for example, a router or a switch. In another example, the second device may be a test board.

[0119] The second device can acquire data and send the data to the first device via an optical module. The optical module can perform electrical-to-optical conversion on the data to generate an optical signal, which is then sent to the first device. The optical signal may be distorted by noise introduced during transmission to the first device via the optical fiber.

[0120] In a specific example, the second device and / or optical module may encode the aforementioned data to obtain encoded data. Furthermore, the optical module may perform electrical-to-optical conversion on the encoded data to obtain an optical signal, and transmit the optical signal to the first device. In other words, the optical signal may be an optical signal obtained by the optical module performing electrical-to-optical conversion on the encoded data, and the encoded data is data obtained by encoding the data.

[0121] The embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the specific encoding method for encoding the data.

[0122] In one example, the data can be FEC-encoded. In other words, the encoded data is the data after the data is FEC-encoded. In a specific example, the second device can perform FEC encoding on the data to obtain the encoded data, and further, the optical module performs electro-optical conversion on the encoded data to obtain the optical signal. Among them, the second device performs FEC encoding on the data, and the main chip of the second device can perform FEC encoding on the data. In another specific example, after the second device obtains the data, it can send the data to the optical module, and the optical module performs FEC encoding on the data to obtain the encoded data, and further performs electro-optical conversion on the encoded data to obtain the optical signal. For this case, the encoded data can include multiple FEC codewords. In an embodiment of the present application, the codeword type of the FEC codeword can be any one of Hamming code, BCH code, LDPC code, RS code and RM code.

[0123] In another example, the data may be subjected to concatenated FEC encoding. Concatenated FEC encoding includes outer code encoding and inner code encoding. In other words, the encoded data may be data obtained after the data is subjected to concatenated FEC encoding. The concatenated FEC encoding process may include: first, performing outer code encoding on the data to obtain outer code encoded data; then, performing inner code encoding on the outer code encoded data to obtain inner code encoded data. In the concatenated FEC encoding scenario, the encoded data obtained by performing concatenated FEC encoding on the data is the aforementioned inner code encoded data. In this case, the codeword type of the inner code codeword or outer codeword included in the encoded data may be any one of Hamming code, BCH code, LDPC code, RS code, and RM code.

[0124] In one example, the second device may perform concatenated FEC encoding on the data and send the obtained encoded data to the optical module. The second device may perform concatenated FEC encoding on the data by a main chip of the second device.

[0125] In another example, the second device may perform external code encoding on the data to obtain external code encoded data, and transmit the external code encoded data to the optical module. Furthermore, the optical module may perform internal code encoding on the external code encoded data to obtain the internal code encoded data. The external code encoding on the data by the second device may be performed by a main chip of the second device.

[0126] The embodiments of the present application do not specifically limit the data. In one example, the data may be business data. In another example, the data may be a preset test sequence. That is, the preset test sequence may be used to test the optical transmission performance. In a specific scenario, before the optical module leaves the factory, the optical module may be inserted into a card slot reserved on the second device, and the preset test sequence may be used to test the optical transmission performance.

[0127] The embodiments of the present application do not specifically limit the test sequence; the test sequence may be any sequence suitable for testing optical transmission performance. In a specific example, the test sequence may be any of a pseudorandom sequence, a square wave, a short stress pattern random quad sequence, or a scrambled idle sequence. In some scenarios, the test sequence may also be referred to as a test pattern.

[0128] In one example, the coded data may be further subjected to signal modulation before being converted into the optical signal. In other words, the optical signal is obtained by modulating the coded data. In one example, the coded data may be intensity modulated. For example, PAM4 or PAM6 may be performed on the coded data. In other words, compared with conventional technologies, the present application supports determining optical transmission performance in a scenario where intensity modulation is performed on the coded data. In another example, the coded data may be coherently modulated. For example, DP-16QAM or DP-32QAM may be performed on the coded data. In other words, the present application supports determining optical transmission performance in a scenario where coherent modulation is performed on the coded data.

[0129] S102: The first device performs photoelectric conversion on the optical signal to obtain a first electrical signal.

[0130] After receiving the optical signal, the first device may first perform photoelectric conversion on the optical signal. In the embodiment of the present application, the specific implementation of the photoelectric conversion of the optical signal by the first device is related to the aforementioned method of modulating the coded data.

[0131] In a specific example, if the optical signal is obtained by intensity modulation of the coded data, the first device may use a photoelectric converter such as a photodiode to perform photoelectric conversion on the optical signal to obtain the first electrical signal.

[0132] In another specific example, if the optical signal is obtained by coherently modulating the encoded data, the first device may process the optical signal using a polarization beam splitter, an optical local oscillator, and an oscilloscope to obtain the first electrical signal. Specifically, the first device may split the optical signal into two optical signals using the polarization beam splitter, and combine the two optical signals with the optical signal of the optical local oscillator using a 90-degree hybrid to obtain four processed optical signals. Furthermore, the four processed optical signals are input into an oscilloscope to obtain the first electrical signal.

[0133] S103: The first device adds first noise to the first electrical signal to obtain a second electrical signal.

[0134] In an embodiment of the application, the first device can add a first noise to the first electrical signal by software or hardware processing. This application does not specifically limit the first noise. In one example, the first noise can be Gaussian noise.

[0135] S104: The first device performs FEC decoding on the second electrical signal and determines a first bit error rate of the second electrical signal.

[0136] In the embodiments of the present application, FEC decoding is the inverse operation of FEC encoding. The specific algorithm for FEC decoding is not specifically limited in the embodiments of the present application. As previously mentioned, in one example, the encoded data may be data obtained by performing concatenated FEC encoding on the data. Considering that the probability of errors introduced by outer code encoding is relatively low, in this case, S104 may be implemented by performing inner code decoding on the second electrical signal.

[0137] In one example, after obtaining the second electrical signal, the first device may further process the second electrical signal using a signal restorer to obtain a third electrical signal. Furthermore, the third electrical signal may be subjected to FEC decoding to obtain decoded data. After obtaining the decoded data, the bit error rate of the third electrical signal may be determined based on the decoded data. In this embodiment of the present application, the bit error rate of the third electrical signal may be used as the first bit error rate.

[0138] In one example, when the bit error rate of the third electrical signal is obtained based on the decoded data, the decoded data and the data can be compared to obtain the bit error rate of the third electrical signal. For example, in a scenario where the encoded data is data obtained by performing FEC encoding on the data, the decoded data and the data can be directly compared to obtain the bit error rate of the third electrical signal. For another example, in a scenario where the encoded data is data obtained by performing cascaded FEC encoding on the data, the decoded data can be compared to outer code encoded data obtained by performing outer code encoding on the data to obtain the bit error rate of the third electrical signal.

[0139] In the embodiment of the present application, the bit error rate of the third electrical signal can be a bit error rate, a symbol error rate, or a word error rate. In other words, the first bit error rate can be a bit error rate, a symbol error rate, or a word error rate. Wherein:

[0140] The bit error rate may also be referred to as the bit error rate, which may be the ratio of the number of erroneous bits in the decoded data to the total number of bits in the decoded data.

[0141] The symbol error rate, also known as the symbol error rate, can be the ratio of the number of erroneous symbols in the decoded data to the total number of symbols in the decoded data. In one example, the symbol mentioned here can be a symbol of a modulated signal, such as a symbol of a PAM4 signal, where a PAM4 symbol includes two bits. In another example, in a scenario where the aforementioned coded data is data obtained by performing concatenated FEC encoding on the data, the symbol can be a symbol in the outer code.

[0142] The bit error rate can also be called the codeword error rate, which can be the ratio of the number of erroneous codewords in the decoded data to the total number of codewords in the decoded data. In the scenario where the aforementioned encoded data is data obtained by cascade FEC encoding of the data, the codeword mentioned here can be an inner codeword.

[0143] As previously described, the second electrical signal is a signal obtained by adding the first noise to the first electrical signal. In one example, before the first device processes the second electrical signal using a signal restorer, it can also adjust the parameters of the signal restorer based on the first noise, so that the signal restorer can be adjusted to an appropriate state. In one example, the parameters of the signal restorer can be specified by a standard. Accordingly, when the second electrical signal is processed using the signal restorer, the signal restorer with the adjusted parameters is used to process the second electrical signal, thereby obtaining the third electrical signal. In this manner, a smaller first bit error rate can be determined, and accordingly, the determined optical transmission performance can be made more accurate. For example, if the third electrical signal obtained by processing the second signal using the signal restorer before parameter adjustment has a bit error rate of bit error rate 1, and the third electrical signal obtained by processing the second signal using the signal restorer after parameter adjustment has a bit error rate of bit error rate 2, then bit error rate 1 is greater than bit error rate 2.

[0144] In one example, if the optical signal is obtained by intensity modulating the coded data, the signal restorer is an equalizer. Accordingly, in a specific implementation, the first device processing the second electrical signal using the signal restorer may use the equalizer to equalize the second electrical signal. The equalizer may also be referred to as a reference equalizer, and the two terms may be used interchangeably. In this scenario, the aforementioned adjustment of the parameters of the signal restorer may refer to adjustment of the parameters of the equalizer. In one example, the equalizer may be one or a combination of a feed-forward equalizer (FFE), a decision feedback equalizer (DFE), and a maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) equalizer. The parameters of the equalizer are not specifically limited in this application. For example, the equalizer may be a feed-forward equalizer (FFE) comprising a plurality of taps spaced T apart, where T is the symbol period. The parameters of the equalizer may include the parameters of the aforementioned taps. The sum of the parameters of the aforementioned taps may be equal to 1.

[0145] In another example, if the optical signal is obtained by coherent modulation of the encoded data, the signal restorer may include an equalizer and a signal compensator. Accordingly, when the first device uses the signal restorer to process the second electrical signal, the equalizer and the signal compensator may be used to equalize and compensate the second electrical signal. In this scenario, the aforementioned adjustment of the parameters of the signal restorer may also be adjustment of the parameters of the equalizer. Regarding the parameters of the equalizer, please refer to the relevant description above and will not be repeated here.

[0146] S105: In response to the first bit error rate being equal to a target bit error rate, the first device determines an optical transmission performance parameter according to the first noise.

[0147] In the embodiment of the present application, if the first bit error rate is not equal to the target bit error rate, the power of the first noise may be adjusted, and S103 - S104 are continued until the first bit error rate is equal to the target bit error rate.

[0148] In the embodiment of the present application, the target bit error rate is a preset bit error rate, which is a relatively large bit error rate. The type of the target bit error rate can be the same as the type of the first bit error rate. For example, if the first bit error rate is a bit error rate, then the target bit error rate is also a bit error rate; if the first bit error rate is a symbol error rate, then the target bit error rate is also a symbol error rate; if the first bit error rate is a word error rate, then the target bit error rate is also a word error rate.

[0149] If the first bit error rate is equal to the target bit error rate, it means that after adding the first noise to the first electrical signal, the bit error rate of the second electrical signal has degraded to the target bit error rate. Therefore, the first noise can, to a certain extent, represent the quality of the optical signal transmitted by the second device. In other words, the first noise can, to a certain extent, represent the optical transmission performance. Therefore, the first device can determine an optical transmission performance parameter used to measure the optical transmission performance based on the first noise.

[0150] The optical transmission performance parameter mentioned in the embodiments of the present application may be TDECQ, TECQ, or TCC. As a specific example, if the optical signal is obtained by intensity modulation of the coded data, the optical transmission performance parameter may be TDECQ or TECQ. If the optical signal is obtained by coherent modulation of the coded data, the optical transmission performance parameter may be TCC.

[0151] In an example, the first device may calculate the first noise using a specific formula to obtain the optical transmission performance parameter.

[0152] In another example, the bit error rate of the electrical signal can also be determined by considering an eye diagram based on the electrical signal. Therefore, in some implementations, the first device can also obtain an eye diagram corresponding to the third electrical signal. For example, the third electrical signal can be processed using an oscilloscope to obtain the eye diagram corresponding to the third electrical signal. Furthermore, based on the eye diagram corresponding to the third electrical signal, a second bit error rate of the third electrical signal is determined. Regarding the specific implementation of obtaining the bit error rate based on the eye diagram, it can follow the existing solution and will not be repeated here.

[0153] Similar to the first bit error rate, the second bit error rate may also be one of a bit error rate, a symbol error rate, and a word error rate. In the embodiment of the present application, the type of the second bit error rate may be the same as the type of the first bit error rate, or the type of the second bit error rate may be different from the type of the first bit error rate, and the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit this. For example, if the first bit error rate is a bit error rate, the third bit error rate may be a bit error rate, a symbol error rate, or a word error rate.

[0154] In a scenario where a second bit error rate is obtained based on an eye diagram of a third electrical signal, in a specific implementation of S105, the first device may determine an optical transmission performance parameter based on the first bit error rate and the second bit error rate in response to the first bit error rate being equal to the target bit error rate.

[0155] In a specific example, determining the optical transmission parameters based on the first bit error rate and the second bit error rate can be implemented by obtaining the optical transmission performance parameters based on the quantitative relationship between the first bit error rate and the second bit error rate and the first noise. For example, when the first bit error rate and the second bit error rate satisfy a preset quantitative relationship (e.g., a multiple relationship), the optical transmission performance parameters can be determined based on the first noise. Accordingly, if the first bit error rate and the second bit error rate do not satisfy the preset quantitative relationship, the power of the first noise can be further adjusted, and the above steps S103-S104 can be repeated until the first bit error rate is equal to the target bit error rate and the first bit error rate and the second bit error rate satisfy the preset quantitative relationship.

[0156] In another specific example, when determining the optical transmission parameters based on the first bit error rate and the second bit error rate, the second bit error rate can be compared with a preset bit error rate threshold value. If the two satisfy a specific quantitative relationship, the optical transmission performance parameters are determined based on the first noise. The specific quantitative relationship between the two can be that the second bit error rate is greater than the preset bit error rate threshold value, or that the second bit error rate is less than the preset bit error rate threshold value, or that the second bit error rate is equal to the preset bit error rate threshold value, which is not specifically limited in the embodiments of the present application. Accordingly, if the second bit error rate does not satisfy the specific quantitative relationship with the preset bit error rate threshold value, the power of the aforementioned first noise can be further adjusted, and S103-S104 can be continued until the second bit error rate satisfies the specific quantitative relationship with the preset bit error rate threshold value.

[0157] In another specific example, an initial optical transmission performance parameter can be determined based on the first noise, and a correction parameter can be obtained based on the first bit error rate and the second bit error rate. The correction parameter and the initial optical transmission performance parameter are then used to obtain the final optical transmission performance parameter. For example, a specific operation can be performed on the correction parameter and the initial optical transmission performance parameter to obtain the optical transmission performance parameter. The specific operation is not specifically limited in the present embodiment and includes, but is not limited to, multiplication, division, and other operations.

[0158] In another example, the first device may determine the optical transmission performance parameter by combining the first noise and the second noise. Next, a method for determining the second noise is described in conjunction with steps A1-A3.

[0159] Step A1: obtaining a fourth electrical signal based on an ideal signal excluding noise, and adding noise to the fourth electrical signal to obtain a fifth electrical signal.

[0160] In the embodiment of the present application, similar to the aforementioned test sequence, the ideal signal may also be a pseudo-random sequence, a square wave, a short stress mode random quad sequence, or a scrambled idle sequence.

[0161] In an example, FEC encoding may be performed on the ideal signal to obtain the fourth electrical signal.

[0162] In yet another example, the ideal signal may be inner-coded to obtain the fourth electrical signal.

[0163] In the embodiment of the present application, the method for adding noise to the fourth electrical signal can be the same as the method for adding noise to the first electrical signal. Therefore, regarding the method for adding noise to the fourth electrical signal, reference can be made to the above description of adding the first noise to the first electrical signal, and a repeated description is not provided here.

[0164] Step A2: Perform FEC decoding on the fifth electrical signal to determine a third bit error rate of the fifth electrical signal.

[0165] In an example, if the third electrical signal is obtained by performing inner code encoding on an ideal signal, then in a specific implementation of step A2, inner code decoding may be performed on the fifth electrical signal.

[0166] In the embodiment of the present application, a decoding result obtained by performing FEC decoding on the fifth electrical signal may be compared with the aforementioned ideal signal to obtain a third bit error rate of the fifth electrical signal.

[0167] Step A3: In response to the third bit error rate being equal to the target bit error rate, determining the noise added to the fourth electrical signal as the second noise.

[0168] In the embodiment of the present application, the type of the third bit error rate can be the same as the type of the first bit error rate. For example, if the first bit error rate is a bit error rate, then the third bit error rate is also a bit error rate; if the first bit error rate is a symbol error rate, then the third bit error rate is also a symbol error rate; if the first bit error rate is a word error rate, then the third bit error rate is also a word error rate.

[0169] After determining the third bit error rate, the third bit error rate can be compared with the target bit error rate. If the third bit error rate is not equal to the target bit error rate, the power of the noise added to the fourth electrical signal can be adjusted, and step A2 is continued until the third bit error rate is equal to the target bit error rate. When the third bit error rate is equal to the target bit error rate, the noise added to the fourth electrical signal is determined to be the second noise.

[0170] As can be seen from the above description, after adding the first noise to the first electrical signal, the bit error rate of the second electrical signal degrades to the target bit error rate. Similarly, after adding the second noise to the fourth electrical signal corresponding to the ideal signal, the bit error rate of the second electrical signal also degrades to the target bit error rate. Therefore, the quantitative relationship between the first noise and the second noise can represent the quality of the optical signal transmitted by the second device. Generally, given that optical signals transmitted through optical fibers typically experience some signal distortion, the power of the first noise is typically greater than the power of the second noise. The smaller the difference between the power of the first noise and the power of the second noise, the closer the first and fourth electrical signals are, and accordingly, the better the optical transmission performance. Conversely, the larger the difference between the power of the first noise and the power of the second noise, the greater the gap between the first and fourth electrical signals, and accordingly, the worse the optical transmission performance. Therefore, in this scenario, the optical transmission performance parameter can be determined based on the first and second noise.

[0171] In a specific example, considering the difference between the power of the first noise and the function of the second noise, the difference between the power of the first noise and the power of the second noise can be characterized. Therefore, the optical transmission performance parameter can be determined based on the difference between the power of the first noise and the function of the second noise.

[0172] In another specific example, considering the ratio of the power of the second noise to the power of the first noise, the difference between the power of the first noise and the power of the second noise can be characterized. Therefore, the optical transmission performance parameter can be determined based on the ratio of the power of the second noise to the power of the first noise.

[0173] From the above description, it can be seen that, by using the solution of the embodiment of the present application, in a scenario where the transmitting end device performs FEC encoding on the data before converting the data into an optical signal and sending it to the receiving end, the optical transmission performance can be determined.

[0174] The above describes the method for determining optical transmission performance provided in an embodiment of the present application. Next, taking the encoded data obtained after cascade FEC encoding of the test sequence as an example, several possible implementation methods of the present application are introduced.

[0175] See FIG. 4 a , which is a flow chart of a method for determining optical transmission performance provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0176] As shown in Figure 4a, the optical module can generate a test sequence and perform inner code encoding on the test sequence to obtain encoded data. Optionally, the optical module can also perform convolution interleaving on the test sequence before performing inner code encoding on the test sequence. In other words, the optical module can perform inner code encoding on the data after convolution interleaving of the test sequence. In one example, the optical module can be inserted into a reserved card slot of the second device.

[0177] The optical module converts the encoded data into an optical signal and sends it to the tester through an optical fiber. The tester mentioned here can be equivalent to the first device mentioned in the above embodiment. After receiving the optical signal sent by the optical module through the optical fiber, the tester can execute the method mentioned in the above embodiment. Specifically: the tester first performs photoelectric conversion on the optical signal to obtain a first electrical signal, and adds a first noise to the first electrical signal to obtain a second electrical signal. Furthermore, the second electrical signal is restored to obtain a third electrical signal. And the bit error rate of the third electrical signal (i.e., the first bit error rate) is determined. When the bit error rate of the third electrical signal is equal to the target bit error rate, the optical transmission performance is determined using the first noise added to the first electrical signal. In this scenario, the optical transmission performance can be considered as the performance of the optical module.

[0178] See FIG. 4 b , which is a flow chart of another method for determining optical transmission performance provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0179] The process shown in Figure 4b is essentially the same as that in Figure 4a. The difference is that in Figure 4b, the test sequence is generated by the main chip of the second device and sent to the optical module via the electrical interface. In one example, the main chip can encode the test sequence to obtain external code data, and then send the external code data to the optical module. In one example, the optical module can be inserted into a card slot reserved in the second device. In this scenario, the optical transmission performance can be considered to be the performance of the second device into which the optical module is inserted.

[0180] See FIG. 4 c , which is a flow chart of another method for determining optical transmission performance provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0181] The process shown in Figure 4c is essentially the same as the process shown in Figure 4a. The difference is that in the process shown in Figure 4c, after obtaining the third electrical signal, the tester can also obtain an eye diagram based on the third electrical signal and determine the second bit error rate of the third electrical signal based on this eye diagram. Accordingly, when determining the optical transmission performance, the first bit error rate and the second bit error rate can be combined to determine the optical transmission performance. For the specific implementation of combining the first and second bit error rates to determine the optical transmission performance, please refer to the relevant description above and will not be repeated here.

[0182] As mentioned above, if the optical signal is obtained by intensity modulation of the coded data, the optical transmission performance parameter may be TDECQ or TECQ. If the optical signal is obtained by coherent modulation of the coded data, the optical transmission performance parameter may be TCC.

[0183] In the embodiment of the present application, the steps of signal recovery, inner code decoding, determining the second bit error rate based on the eye diagram, and determining the first bit error rate in Figures 4a to 4c can be implemented by software or by a device that supports hardware programming, such as a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and are not specifically limited in this embodiment of the present application. The specific processes for determining TDECQ and TCC are described below.

[0184] See FIG5 a , which is a schematic diagram of a process for determining TDECQ provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0185] As shown in Figure 5a, the optical module transmits a data sequence that has undergone convolutional interleaving and FEC encoding (e.g., inner code encoding). The optical signal carrying this data sequence passes through a polarization rotator, an optical splitter, and a test fiber before entering the tester. After receiving the optical signal, the tester uses an optoelectronic converter to convert it into an electrical signal. Furthermore, a clock recovery unit (CRU) obtains the clock to determine the position of each forced modulation symbol (e.g., PAM4 symbol) in the electrical signal. After determining the position of each forced modulation symbol, an oscilloscope can be used to obtain the eye diagram of that symbol. The data processed by the oscilloscope then passes through a reference equalizer to reduce interference noise, followed by analog-to-digital conversion and other operations (not shown in Figure 5a) to obtain a binary data sequence. This binary data sequence is then input into an FEC decoder (e.g., an inner code decoder) for error correction. The corrected data sequence then enters the calculation and analysis unit, where analysis determines the actual bit error rate.

[0186] In one example, the photoelectric converter mentioned here may be a photodiode.

[0187] The actual bit error rate calculated by the calculation and analysis unit is compared with the target bit error rate. If the actual bit error rate and the target bit error rate are not equal, noise can be added to the electrical signal using an oscilloscope, and the parameters of the reference equalizer can be adjusted based on the added noise to achieve the optimal equalizer state. Furthermore, the reference equalizer further equalizes the noisy electrical signal, and the processed data is input into the FEC decoder for decoding. The decoding result is processed by the calculation and analysis unit to obtain a new bit error rate. Furthermore, the new bit error rate is compared with the target bit error rate. If the actual bit error rate and the target bit error rate are not equal, the power of the noise added to the electrical signal is adjusted, and the above steps of equalization, FEC decoding, and bit error rate determination are repeated until the determined bit error rate equals the target bit error rate. At this point, the TDECQ is determined using the noise added to the electrical signal.

[0188] In one example, the target bit error rate can vary based on whether the second device or optical module performs convolutional interleaving. If the second device or optical module performs convolutional interleaving, the FEC has stronger error correction capabilities, so the target bit error rate will be higher. If the second device or optical module does not perform convolutional interleaving, the FEC has slightly weaker error correction capabilities, so the target bit error rate will be lower than the former. For example, the target bit error rate is set to 3e-3 when the second device or optical module performs convolutional interleaving, while the target bit error rate is set to 1e-3 when the second device or optical module does not perform convolutional interleaving.

[0189] Optionally, each time noise is added to the signal, the second bit error rate of the electrical signal after the noise is added can be estimated by the eye diagram of the oscilloscope, and the second bit error rate and the bit error rate obtained by the aforementioned calculation and analysis unit (hereinafter referred to as the first bit error rate) can be combined to determine whether to end the process of adjusting the power of the noise added to the electrical signal. For example, the first bit error rate and the second bit error rate jointly determine whether to end the process of adjusting the power of the noise added to the electrical signal, and then the added noise power is extracted to calculate TDECQ. As an example, the process of adjusting the power of the noise added to the electrical signal can be ended when the first bit error rate is equal to the target bit error rate and the second bit error rate also has a preset quantitative relationship with its corresponding bit error rate symbol. As another example, the process of adjusting the power of the noise added to the electrical signal can be ended when the first bit error rate is equal to the target bit error rate and the first bit error rate and the second bit error rate meet a preset quantitative relationship.

[0190] It should be noted here that:

[0191] The data after inner code decoding is different from the data immediately after equalization. The data after inner code decoding is already a binary sequence of 0s and 1s, and the bit error rate cannot be calculated based on its eye diagram. Before inner code decoding, the data immediately after equalization is still an analog signal, so its eye diagram can be obtained, and the bit error rate can be estimated.

[0192] in:

[0193] Polarization rotators are used to adjust the polarization direction of optical signals for ease of testing.

[0194] Optical beam splitters and variable reflectors are used to adjust return loss, which is a type of interference noise.

[0195] The dispersion parameters of the test fiber are specified by the standard.

[0196] The parameters of the reference equalizer can be automatically adjusted by an algorithm based on noise or manually adjusted to minimize bit errors.

[0197] The algorithm used for decoding the inner code may be specified by the standard. A commonly used algorithm is the Chase decoding algorithm.

[0198] Furthermore, an optical module can include multiple transmitters, and the performance of each transmitter can be measured independently. That is, each transmitter can have its own corresponding TDECQ. For example, an 800GBASE-DR4 optical module has four laser transmitters that can transmit four optical signals in parallel during communication. The performance of each of these four transmitters can be measured independently.

[0199] See Figure 5b, which is a schematic diagram of another process for determining TCC provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0200] The optical module sends a data sequence that has undergone convolution interleaving and FEC encoding (for example, inner code encoding). The optical signal carrying the data sequence passes through the test fiber and enters the tester. After the tester receives the optical signal, it is divided into two optical signals through a polarization beam splitter. The two optical signals, together with the optical signal of the optical local oscillator (OLO), enter a 90-degree hybrid to obtain four processed optical signals. As shown in Figure 5b, the aforementioned two optical signals and the optical signal of the optical local oscillator enter two 90-degree hybrids together, and each 90-degree hybrid outputs two processed optical signals. The aforementioned four processed optical signals are then converted into electrical signals, based on which the constellation of the electrical signal can be obtained. The electrical signal then enters the reference digital signal processor (DSP), which is used to perform signal recovery, demodulation, and other processing on the electrical signal to obtain a binary data sequence. The DSP may include a signal restorer, which is used to restore the signal input to the signal restorer. The signal restoration includes signal equalization, signal compensation and other processing.

[0201] The binary data sequence is input into the FEC decoder (e.g., an inner code decoder) for error correction. The corrected data sequence enters the calculation and analysis unit, which analyzes and obtains the actual bit error rate. The actual bit error rate calculated by the calculation and analysis unit is compared with the target bit error rate. If the actual bit error rate and the target bit error rate are not equal, the DSP will adjust the noise power. Based on the adjusted noise, the parameters of the signal restorer are adjusted to achieve the optimal state of the signal restorer. In addition, the signal restorer with adjusted parameters performs signal recovery on the electrical signal with added noise, demodulates the signal obtained after signal recovery, performs FEC decoding on the demodulated signal, and determines the bit error rate to obtain a new bit error rate.

[0202] Furthermore, the new bit error rate is compared with the target bit error rate. If the actual bit error rate and the target bit error rate are not equal, the noise power is further adjusted and the aforementioned steps of signal recovery, demodulation, FEC decoding, and bit error rate determination are repeated until the determined bit error rate equals the target bit error rate. The TCC is then determined using the added noise. Specifically, when the determined bit error rate equals the target bit error rate, the added noise power C is obtained and used to determine the TCC.

[0203] In addition, in one example, the DSP repeats the above-mentioned process of increasing and decreasing noise for the noise-free ideal signal until the bit error rate of the ideal signal based on the added noise equals the target bit error rate, and then extracts the noise power D added to the ideal signal. Accordingly, when the aforementioned method of determining TCC using noise power C is specifically implemented, the TCC can be determined using noise power D and noise power C. As a specific example, the TCC can be determined using the ratio of the noise power D to the noise power C. For example, the TCC can be calculated using the following formula (1).

[0204] Based on the method for determining optical transmission performance parameters provided in the above embodiments, the embodiments of the present application also provide corresponding devices and equipment. Next, the devices and equipment provided in the embodiments of the present application are introduced in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0205] In an embodiment of the present application, the process of determining TDECQ and TCC in Figures 5a to 5b can be implemented by software or by a device that supports hardware programming, such as an FPGA, and the embodiment of the present application does not make specific limitations.

[0206] See Figure 6, which is a schematic diagram of the structure of an apparatus for determining optical transmission performance according to an embodiment of the present application. The apparatus 600 for determining optical transmission performance parameters shown in Figure 6 can be applied to the first apparatus provided in the above method embodiment to execute the method for determining optical transmission performance performed by the first apparatus in the above method embodiment.

[0207] In a specific example, the apparatus 600 includes: a receiving unit 601 and a processing unit 602 .

[0208] The receiving unit 601 is configured to receive an optical signal sent by the second device via an optical module;

[0209] The processing unit 602 is configured to perform photoelectric conversion on the optical signal to obtain a first electrical signal, add first noise to the first electrical signal to obtain a second electrical signal, perform forward error correction (FEC) decoding on the second electrical signal, and determine a first bit error rate (BER) of the second electrical signal; and in response to the first bit error rate being equal to a target bit error rate, determine an optical transmission performance parameter based on the first noise.

[0210] In a possible implementation, the optical signal is an optical signal obtained by the optical module performing electrical-optical conversion on the encoded data, and the encoded data is data obtained by encoding the data.

[0211] In a possible implementation, the encoded data is data obtained by performing FEC encoding on the data.

[0212] In a possible implementation, the coded data is data obtained after performing concatenated FEC coding on data, wherein the concatenated FEC coding includes inner code coding and outer code coding.

[0213] In a possible implementation, performing FEC decoding on the second electrical signal includes: performing inner code decoding on the second electrical signal.

[0214] In a possible implementation, the outer code encoding is performed by the second device, and the inner code encoding is performed by the optical module; or, both the inner code encoding and the outer code encoding are performed by the second device.

[0215] In a possible implementation, the first bit error rate includes: a bit error rate BER, a symbol error rate SER, or a word error rate CER.

[0216] In one possible implementation, performing forward error correction (FEC) decoding on the second electrical signal and determining the first bit error rate of the second electrical signal includes: processing the second electrical signal using a signal restorer to obtain a third electrical signal; performing FEC decoding on the third electrical signal, and using the bit error rate of the third electrical signal as the first bit error rate.

[0217] In one possible implementation, the processing unit 602 is further used to adjust the parameters of the signal restorer according to the first noise before the first device uses the signal restorer to process the second electrical signal; accordingly, the use of the signal restorer to process the second electrical signal to obtain a third electrical signal includes: using the signal restorer with adjusted parameters to process the second electrical signal to obtain the third electrical signal.

[0218] In one possible implementation, decoding the third electrical signal and using the bit error rate of the third electrical signal as the first bit error rate includes: decoding the third electrical signal to obtain decoded data; comparing the decoded data with the data to obtain the bit error rate of the third electrical signal; and using the bit error rate of the third electrical signal as the first bit error rate.

[0219] In one possible implementation, the processing unit 602 is further used to: obtain an eye diagram corresponding to the third electrical signal; determine a second bit error rate of the third electrical signal based on the eye diagram corresponding to the third electrical signal; and in response to the first bit error rate being equal to the target bit error rate, determine the optical transmission performance parameter based on the first noise, including: in response to the first bit error rate being equal to the target bit error rate, determine the optical transmission performance parameter based on the first bit error rate and the second bit error rate.

[0220] In a possible implementation, the processing the second electrical signal by using a signal restorer to obtain a third electrical signal includes: equalizing the second electrical signal by using the signal restorer to obtain the third electrical signal.

[0221] In a possible implementation, the processing the second electrical signal by using a signal restorer to obtain a third electrical signal includes: performing equalization and signal compensation on the second electrical signal by using the signal restorer to obtain the third electrical signal.

[0222] In a possible implementation, determining the optical transmission performance parameter based on the first noise includes: determining the optical transmission performance parameter based on the first noise and second noise; wherein the second noise is determined by:

[0223] A fourth electrical signal is obtained based on an ideal signal excluding noise, and noise is added to the fourth electrical signal to obtain a fifth electrical signal; FEC decoding is performed on the fifth electrical signal to determine a third bit error rate of the fifth electrical signal; and in response to the third bit error rate being equal to the target bit error rate, the noise added to the fourth electrical signal is determined as the second noise.

[0224] In a possible implementation, determining the optical transmission performance parameter according to the first noise and the second noise includes: determining the optical transmission performance parameter according to a ratio of a power of the second noise to a power of the first noise.

[0225] In a possible implementation, the data is a preset test sequence.

[0226] In a possible implementation, the test sequence includes: a pseudo-random sequence, a square wave, a short stress mode random quad sequence, or a scrambled idle sequence.

[0227] In a possible implementation, the codeword type corresponding to the inner codeword or the outer codeword included in the encoded data includes any one of the following: Hamming code, BCH code, low-density parity check LDPC code, RS code and RM code.

[0228] In a possible implementation, the optical signal is obtained by intensity modulating the coded data; or, the optical signal is obtained by coherently modulating the coded data.

[0229] In a possible implementation, when intensity modulation is used, the modulation mode of the encoded data includes: four-level pulse amplitude modulation PAM4, or six-level pulse amplitude modulation PAM6.

[0230] In a possible implementation, when coherent modulation is used, the modulation mode of the coded data includes: dual-polarization 16-state quadrature amplitude DP-16QAM, or dual-polarization 32-state quadrature amplitude DP-32QAM.

[0231] In a possible implementation, the optical transmission performance parameter includes: transmit dispersion eye closure four-phase TDECQ, or transmit eye closure four-phase TECQ, or transmitter constellation closure TCC.

[0232] In one possible implementation, performing photoelectric conversion on the optical signal to obtain the first electrical signal includes: performing photoelectric conversion on the optical signal using a photodiode to obtain the first electrical signal; or, processing the optical signal using a polarization beam splitter, an optical local oscillator, and an oscilloscope to obtain the first electrical signal.

[0233] Referring to Figure 7, which is a schematic diagram of the structure of a device provided in an embodiment of the present application, the device 700 shown in Figure 7 includes an interface circuit 701 and a processing circuit 702. The interface circuit 701 is used to receive and / or send data, and the processing circuit 702 is used to process data.

[0234] In one example, the device 700 can be applied to a first device to execute the method provided by the first device in the above method embodiment.

[0235] The interface circuit 701 is used to receive an optical signal sent by a second device through an optical module; the processing circuit 702 is used to perform photoelectric conversion on the optical signal to obtain a first electrical signal, add a first noise to the first electrical signal to obtain a second electrical signal, perform forward error correction (FEC) decoding on the second electrical signal, and determine a first bit error rate of the second electrical signal. In response to the first bit error rate being equal to a target bit error rate, an optical transmission performance parameter is determined based on the first noise.

[0236] In yet another example, the device 700 may be applied to a second apparatus to execute the method provided by the second apparatus in the above method embodiment. In this case:

[0237] The processing circuit 702 is used to obtain data including a preset test sequence; the interface circuit 701 is used to send the data including the preset test sequence to the first device through the optical module, so that the first device determines the optical transmission performance parameters based on the data.

[0238] See Figure 8, which is a structural diagram of a device provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0239] In an example, the device 800 shown in FIG8 may correspond to the first apparatus mentioned in the above embodiment, and may be configured to execute the method performed by the first apparatus provided in the above method embodiment.

[0240] In another example, the device 800 shown in FIG8 may correspond to the second apparatus mentioned in the above embodiment, and be configured to execute the method performed by the second apparatus provided in the above method embodiment.

[0241] As shown in FIG8 , device 800 includes a processor 810. Device 800 may include one or more processors 810, with FIG8 illustrating a single processor as an example. Processor 810 is configured to execute the method provided in the above method embodiment by the first device, or to execute the method provided in the above method embodiment by the second device.

[0242] Processor 810 may be a central processing unit (CPU), an NP, or a combination of a CPU and an NP. Processor 810 may further include a hardware chip. The hardware chip may be an ASIC, a programmable logic device (PLD), or a combination thereof. The PLD may be a complex programmable logic device (CPLD), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), a generic array logic (GAL), or any combination thereof.

[0243] In one example, the device 800 further includes a memory 830. The memory 830 may include volatile memory, such as random-access memory (RAM); non-volatile memory, such as flash memory, a hard disk drive (HDD), or a solid-state drive (SSD); or a combination of the aforementioned types of memory. When the device 800 corresponds to the first device, the memory 830 may, for example, store the aforementioned target bit error rate; when the device corresponds to the second device, the memory may, for example, store the aforementioned data.

[0244] Optionally, the memory 830 stores an operating system and programs, executable modules or data structures, or subsets thereof, or extended sets thereof, wherein the programs may include various operating instructions for implementing various operations. The operating system may include various system programs for implementing various basic services and processing hardware-based tasks. The processor 810 may read the programs in the memory 830 to implement the method provided in the embodiment of the present application.

[0245] In one example, the device 800 also includes a communication interface 820. In the embodiment of the present application, the processor 810, the communication interface 820 and the memory 830 can be connected through a bus system or other means, wherein FIG8 takes the connection through the bus system 840 as an example.

[0246] The communication interface 820 is used to receive and / or transmit data. For example, when the device 800 corresponds to the second device mentioned in the above embodiment, the communication interface 820 is used to transmit data including a preset test sequence to the first device via an optical module. When the device 800 corresponds to the first device mentioned in the above embodiment, the communication interface 820 is used to receive an optical signal transmitted by the second device via the optical module.

[0247] Bus system 840 may be a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus or an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus. Bus system 840 may be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. For ease of illustration, FIG8 shows only one thick line, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or only one type of bus.

[0248] Referring to Figure 9, which is a schematic diagram of the structure of a chip provided in an embodiment of the present application, the chip 900 shown in Figure 9 includes an interface circuit 901 and a processing circuit 902. The interface circuit 901 is used to receive and / or send data, and the processing circuit 902 is used to process data.

[0249] In one example, the chip 900 can be applied to a first device to execute the method provided by the first device in the above method embodiment.

[0250] The interface circuit 901 is used to receive an optical signal sent by a second device through an optical module; the processing circuit 902 is used to perform photoelectric conversion on the optical signal to obtain a first electrical signal, add a first noise to the first electrical signal to obtain a second electrical signal, perform forward error correction (FEC) decoding on the second electrical signal, and determine a first bit error rate of the second electrical signal. In response to the first bit error rate being equal to a target bit error rate, an optical transmission performance parameter is determined based on the first noise.

[0251] In yet another example, the chip 900 may be applied to a second device to execute the method provided by the second device in the above method embodiment. In this case:

[0252] The processing circuit 902 is used to obtain data including a preset test sequence; the interface circuit 901 is used to send the data including the preset test sequence to the first device through the optical module, so that the first device determines the optical transmission performance parameters based on the data.

[0253] An embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, including instructions or a computer program, which, when executed on a computer, enables the computer to execute the method described in the above method embodiment.

[0254] An embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product comprising instructions or a computer program, which, when executed on a computer, enables the computer to execute the method described in the above method embodiment.

[0255] An embodiment of the present application provides a communication system, which includes executing the first device and the second device mentioned in the above embodiment, and the communication system is used to determine optical transmission performance parameters.

[0256] In a possible implementation, the communication system further includes an optical module, which can be inserted into a card slot reserved in the second device.

[0257] The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," and the like (if any) in the specification and claims of this application and in the accompanying drawings are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a particular order or precedence. It should be understood that the terms used in this manner are interchangeable where appropriate so that the embodiments described herein can be implemented in an order other than that illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "including" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, e.g., a process, method, system, product, or apparatus comprising a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0258] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the systems, devices and units described above can refer to the corresponding processes in the aforementioned method embodiments and will not be repeated here.

[0259] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. For example, the division of units is only a logical business division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interface, device or unit, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0260] Units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of these units may be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0261] In addition, each business unit in each embodiment of the present application can be integrated into a processing unit, each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into a single unit. The above-mentioned integrated units can be implemented in the form of hardware or software business units.

[0262] If the integrated unit is implemented in the form of a software business unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present application, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for enabling a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the various embodiments of the present application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media that can store program codes, such as a USB flash drive, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.

[0263] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that, in one or more of the above examples, the services described herein can be implemented using hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using software, these services can be stored on a computer-readable medium or transmitted as one or more instructions or codes on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media include computer storage media and communication media, including any medium that facilitates the transmission of computer programs from one location to another. Storage media can be any available medium that can be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.

[0264] The above specific implementation methods further illustrate the objectives, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above are only specific implementation methods of the present invention.

[0265] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for determining optical transmission performance, characterized in that The method comprises: The first device receives an optical signal sent by the second device through an optical module; The first device performs photoelectric conversion on the optical signal to obtain a first electrical signal; The first device adds a first noise to the first electrical signal to obtain a second electrical signal; The first device performs forward error correction (FEC) decoding on the second electrical signal and determines a first bit error rate (BER) of the second electrical signal; In response to the first bit error rate being equal to a target bit error rate, the first device determines an optical transmission performance parameter based on the first noise.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The optical signal is an optical signal obtained by the optical module performing electrical-optical conversion on the encoded data, and the encoded data is data obtained by encoding the data.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The coded data is data obtained by performing FEC coding on the data.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The coded data is data obtained after performing concatenated FEC coding on the data, wherein the concatenated FEC coding includes inner code coding and outer code coding.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The first device performs FEC decoding on the second electronic signal, including: The first device performs inner code decoding on the second electrical signal.

6. The method according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that The outer code encoding is performed by the second device, and the inner code encoding is performed by the optical module; or, both the inner code encoding and the outer code encoding are performed by the second device.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that The first bit error rate includes: Bit Error Rate BER, Symbol Error Rate SER or Code Error Rate CER.

8. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that: The first device performs forward error correction (FEC) decoding on the second electrical signal and determines a first bit error rate (BER) of the second electrical signal, including: The first device processes the second electrical signal using a signal restorer to obtain a third electrical signal; The first device performs FEC decoding on the third electrical signal and uses the bit error rate of the third electrical signal as the first bit error rate.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that Before the first device processes the second electrical signal using a signal restorer, the method further includes: The first device adjusts the parameters of the signal restorer according to the first noise; Accordingly, the first device processes the second electrical signal using a signal restorer to obtain a third electrical signal, including: The first device processes the second electrical signal using the signal restorer with adjusted parameters to obtain the third electrical signal.

10. The method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that The first device decodes the third electrical signal and uses the bit error rate of the third electrical signal as the first bit error rate, including: The first device decodes the third electrical signal to obtain decoded data; The first device compares the decoded data with the data to obtain a bit error rate of the third electrical signal; The first device uses the bit error rate of the third electrical signal as the first bit error rate.

11. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that: The method further comprises: The first device obtains an eye diagram corresponding to the third electrical signal; The first device determines a second bit error rate of the third electrical signal based on an eye diagram corresponding to the third electrical signal; In response to the first bit error rate being equal to a target bit error rate, the first device determines an optical transmission performance parameter based on the first noise, including: In response to the first bit error rate being equal to a target bit error rate, the first device determines an optical transmission performance parameter according to the first bit error rate and the second bit error rate.

12. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that: The first device processes the second electrical signal using a signal restorer to obtain a third electrical signal, including: The first device uses the signal restorer to equalize the second electrical signal to obtain the third electrical signal.

13. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that: The first device processes the second electrical signal using a signal restorer to obtain a third electrical signal, including: The first device uses the signal restorer to perform equalization and signal compensation on the second electrical signal to obtain the third electrical signal.

14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that The determining of the optical transmission performance parameter according to the first noise includes: determining the optical transmission performance parameter according to the first noise and the second noise; The second noise is determined by: obtaining a fourth electrical signal based on an ideal signal excluding noise, and adding noise to the fourth electrical signal to obtain a fifth electrical signal; performing FEC decoding on the fifth electrical signal to determine a third bit error rate of the fifth electrical signal; In response to the third bit error rate being equal to the target bit error rate, the noise added to the fourth electrical signal is determined to be the second noise.

15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that The determining the optical transmission performance parameter according to the first noise and the second noise includes: The optical transmission performance parameter is determined according to a ratio of the power of the second noise to the power of the first noise.

16. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that: The data is a preset test sequence.

17. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that The test sequence includes: Pseudo-random sequence, square wave, short stress pattern random quad sequence, or scrambled idle sequence.

18. The method according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that: The codeword type corresponding to the inner codeword or outer codeword included in the encoded data includes any one of the following: Hamming code, BCH code, low-density parity check LDPC code, Reed-Solomon RS code and RM code.

19. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that: The optical signal is obtained by intensity modulation of the coded data; or, The optical signal is obtained by coherently modulating the coded data.

20. The method according to any one of claims 19 or 2-6, characterized in that: When intensity modulation is used, the modulation mode of the coded data includes: Four-level pulse amplitude modulation PAM4, or six-level pulse amplitude modulation PAM6.

21. The method according to any one of claims 19 or 2-6, characterized in that: When coherent modulation is used, the modulation mode of the coded data includes: Dual-polarization 16-state quadrature amplitude modulation DP-16QAM, or dual-polarization 32-state quadrature amplitude modulation DP-32QAM, or dual-polarization 64-state quadrature amplitude modulation DP-64QAM.

22. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that The optical transmission performance parameters include: Transmit dispersion eye closure four-phase TDECQ, or, transmit eye closure four-phase TECQ, or transmitter constellation closure TCC.

23. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that The first device performs photoelectric conversion on the optical signal to obtain a first electrical signal, including: The first device uses a photodiode to perform photoelectric conversion on the optical signal to obtain a first electrical signal; or, The first device processes the optical signal using a polarization beam splitter, an optical local oscillator, and an oscilloscope to obtain the first electrical signal.

24. A device for determining optical transmission performance, characterized in that Applied to a first device, the device comprises a unit for executing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 23.

25. A computer program product, characterized in that The invention comprises a computer program which, when run on a processor, executes the method according to any one of claims 1 to 23.

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