Band determination for ambient internet of things device
A-IoT devices select or are indicated frequency bands for wireless communication based on measurements, receiving and shifting signals for efficient energy harvesting and communication.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/077286
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-02-16
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-21
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems for ambient internet of things (A-IoT) devices lack a mechanism for selecting or determining which frequency band to use for wireless communications, particularly in energy harvesting scenarios.
A-IoT devices autonomously select or are indicated a frequency band for wireless communications based on measurements, receive a continuous wave signal, determine a frequency shift, and apply it for backward link communication.
Enables efficient frequency band selection and communication in A-IoT devices, enhancing energy harvesting capabilities and communication efficiency.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024077286_21082025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
BAND DETERMINATION FOR AMBIENT INTERNET OF THINGS DEVICE
[0001] INTRODUCTION
[0002] The following relates to wireless communication, including band determination for ambient internet of things device. Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power) . Aspects of such multiple-access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems, and fifth generation (5G) systems which may be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems. These systems may employ technologies such as code division multiple access (CDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) , or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM) . A wireless multiple-access communications system may include one or more base stations, each supporting wireless communication for communication devices, which may be known as user equipment (UE) .SUMMARY
[0003] The described techniques relate to improved methods, systems, devices, and apparatuses that support band determination for ambient internet of things (A-IoT) device. For example, the described techniques provide various mechanisms to enable an A-IoT device to select or otherwise determine which frequency band (s) to use for wireless communications. The wireless communications may include forward link signals carried over a forward link (from the reader to the A-IoT device) and backward link signals carried over a backward link (from the A-IoT device to the reader) in one or more frequency bands. In some aspects, the A-IoT device may have a set of frequency bands available for wireless communications. This may include an uplink band (s) and a downlink band (s) . In some aspects, the A-IoT device may autonomously select a first frequency band to use for wireless communications based on measurements performed on the available frequency bands. In other aspects, the reader may indicate to the A-IoT device which frequency band (s) are to be used for the wireless communications. Accordingly, the A-IoT device may receive or otherwise obtain a continuous wave (CW) signal on a forward link via a first frequency band (e.g., the autonomously selected or indicated frequency band) . The A-IoT device may determine a frequency shift to apply to the CR signal for communications on the backward link. The A-IoT device may communicate a backward signal on the backward link based on application of the frequency shift to the CW signal.
[0004] A method of wireless communication performed by an energy harvesting capable device is described. The method may include selecting a first frequency band from a set of available frequency bands to use for wireless communication, where selection of the first frequency band is based on a comparison of measurements that pertain to respective frequency bands in the set of available frequency bands, obtaining a continuous wave signal on a forward link via the first frequency band, determining a frequency shift to apply to the continuous wave signal for communication on a backward link, and communicating a backward link signal on the backward link via a second frequency band based on application of the frequency shift to the continuous wave signal.
[0005] An energy harvesting capable device for wireless communication is described. The energy harvesting capable device may include a processing system configured to select a first frequency band from a set of available frequency bands to use for wireless communication, where selection of the first frequency band is based on a comparison of measurements that pertain to respective frequency bands in the set of available frequency bands, obtain a continuous wave signal on a forward link via the first frequency band, determine a frequency shift to apply to the continuous wave signal for communication on a backward link, and communicate a backward link signal on the backward link via a second frequency band based on application of the frequency shift to the continuous wave signal.
[0006] Another energy harvesting capable device for wireless communication is described. The energy harvesting capable device may include means for selecting a first frequency band from a set of available frequency bands to use for wireless communication, where selection of the first frequency band is based on a comparison of measurements that pertain to respective frequency bands in the set of available frequency bands, means for obtaining a continuous wave signal on a forward link via the first frequency band, means for determining a frequency shift to apply to the continuous wave signal for communication on a backward link, and means for communicating a backward link signal on the backward link via a second frequency band based on application of the frequency shift to the continuous wave signal.
[0007] A non-transitory computer-readable medium having code for wireless communication stored thereon is described. The code, when executed by an energy harvesting capable device, causes the energy harvesting capable device to select a first frequency band from a set of available frequency bands to use for wireless communication, where selection of the first frequency band is based on a comparison of measurements that pertain to respective frequency bands in the set of available frequency bands, obtain a continuous wave signal on a forward link via the first frequency band, determine a frequency shift to apply to the continuous wave signal for communication on a backward link, and communicate a backward link signal on the backward link via a second frequency band based on application of the frequency shift to the continuous wave signal.
[0008] In some aspects of the method, energy harvesting capable devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, selecting the first frequency band may include operations, features, means, or instructions for selecting all frequency bands in the set of available frequency bands to use for wireless communication based on the comparison of measurements.
[0009] In some aspects of the method, energy harvesting capable devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, selecting the first frequency band may include operations, features, means, or instructions for selecting a subset of frequency bands from the set of available frequency bands to use for wireless communication based on the comparison of measurements, where the subset of frequency bands includes the first frequency band.
[0010] In some aspects of the method, energy harvesting capable devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, selecting the first frequency band may include operations, features, means, or instructions for selecting only the first frequency band from the set of available frequency bands to use for wireless communication based on the comparison of measurements.
[0011] In some aspects of the method, energy harvesting capable devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the frequency shift includes a zero-frequency shift, an intra-band frequency shift, or an inter-band frequency shift.
[0012] In some aspects of the method, energy harvesting capable devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the second frequency band may be a same frequency band as the first frequency band.
[0013] In some aspects of the method, energy harvesting capable devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, future wireless communication may be performed in the second frequency band based on application of the frequency shift to future continuous wave signals obtained in the first frequency band.
[0014] In some aspects of the method, energy harvesting capable devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the second frequency band may be a different frequency band as the first frequency band.
[0015] In some aspects of the method, energy harvesting capable devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the frequency shift may be a same frequency shift applied to both the first frequency band and the second frequency band.
[0016] In some aspects of the method, energy harvesting capable devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the frequency shift may be based on a target backward link frequency band selected by the energy harvesting capable device.
[0017] In some aspects of the method, energy harvesting capable devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the frequency shift may be based on a location of the energy harvesting capable device relative to a network entity, on the second frequency band, or both.
[0018] Some examples of the method, energy harvesting capable devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for performing measurements on each frequency band in the set of available frequency bands.
[0019] In some aspects of the method, energy harvesting capable devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the measurements include an amount of harvested energy, a signal strength, a selection probability metric, or any combination thereof.
[0020] A method of wireless communication performed by an energy harvesting capable device is described. The method may include obtaining a forward link signal that indicates a first frequency band to use for wireless communication, the first frequency band being from a set of available frequency bands, obtaining a continuous wave signal on a forward link via the first frequency band, determining a frequency shift to apply to the continuous wave signal for communication on a backward link, and communicating a backward link signal on the backward link via a second frequency band based on application of the frequency shift to the continuous wave signal.
[0021] An energy harvesting capable device for wireless communication is described. The energy harvesting capable device may include a processing system configured to obtain a forward link signal that indicates a first frequency band to use for wireless communication, the first frequency band being from a set of available frequency bands, obtain a continuous wave signal on a forward link via the first frequency band, determine a frequency shift to apply to the continuous wave signal for communication on a backward link, and communicate a backward link signal on the backward link via a second frequency band based on application of the frequency shift to the continuous wave signal.
[0022] Another energy harvesting capable device for wireless communication is described. The energy harvesting capable device may include means for obtaining a forward link signal that indicates a first frequency band to use for wireless communication, the first frequency band being from a set of available frequency bands, means for obtaining a continuous wave signal on a forward link via the first frequency band, means for determining a frequency shift to apply to the continuous wave signal for communication on a backward link, and means for communicating a backward link signal on the backward link via a second frequency band based on application of the frequency shift to the continuous wave signal.
[0023] A non-transitory computer-readable medium having code for wireless communication stored thereon is described. The code, when executed by an energy harvesting capable device, causes the energy harvesting capable device to obtain a forward link signal that indicates a first frequency band to use for wireless communication, the first frequency band being from a set of available frequency bands, obtain a continuous wave signal on a forward link via the first frequency band, determine a frequency shift to apply to the continuous wave signal for communication on a backward link, and communicate a backward link signal on the backward link via a second frequency band based on application of the frequency shift to the continuous wave signal.
[0024] In some aspects of the method, energy harvesting capable devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the forward link signal indicates scheduling information for the continuous wave signal.
[0025] In some aspects of the method, energy harvesting capable devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the forward link signal indicates that the first frequency band may be for use as the forward link and as the backward link, the second frequency band may be a same frequency band as the first frequency band, and the frequency shift includes an intra-band frequency shift.
[0026] In some aspects of the method, energy harvesting capable devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the forward link signal indicates that the first frequency band may be for use as the forward link and that the second frequency band may be for use as the backward link, the second frequency band may be a different frequency band than the first frequency band, and the frequency shift includes an inter-band frequency shift.
[0027] In some aspects of the method, energy harvesting capable devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the forward link signal indicates that the first frequency band may be for use as the forward link and that the second frequency band may be for use as the backward link, the second frequency band may be a different frequency band than the first frequency band, and the frequency shift includes an intra-band frequency shift.
[0028] In some aspects of the method, energy harvesting capable devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the forward link signal may be received from a network entity and the continuous wave signal may be received from an assisting network entity.
[0029] A method of wireless communication performed by a network entity is described. The method may include outputting, to an energy harvesting capable device, a continuous wave signal on a forward link via a first frequency band, obtaining, from the energy harvesting capable device, a backward link signal on a backward link via a second frequency band, where the second frequency band is based on application of a frequency shift to the continuous wave signal, and selecting the first frequency band for ongoing continuous wave communication with the energy harvesting capable device based on reception of the backward link signal on the backward link via the second frequency band.
[0030] A network entity for wireless communication is described. The network entity may include a processing system configured to output, to an energy harvesting capable device, a continuous wave signal on a forward link via a first frequency band, obtain, from the energy harvesting capable device, a backward link signal on a backward link via a second frequency band, where the second frequency band is based on application of a frequency shift to the continuous wave signal, and select the first frequency band for ongoing continuous wave communication with the energy harvesting capable device based on reception of the backward link signal on the backward link via the second frequency band.
[0031] Another network entity for wireless communication is described. The network entity may include means for outputting, to an energy harvesting capable device, a continuous wave signal on a forward link via a first frequency band, means for obtaining, from the energy harvesting capable device, a backward link signal on a backward link via a second frequency band, where the second frequency band is based on application of a frequency shift to the continuous wave signal, and means for selecting the first frequency band for ongoing continuous wave communication with the energy harvesting capable device based on reception of the backward link signal on the backward link via the second frequency band.
[0032] A non-transitory computer-readable medium having code for wireless communication stored thereon is described. The code, when executed by a network entity, causes the network entity to output, to an energy harvesting capable device, a continuous wave signal on a forward link via a first frequency band, obtain, from the energy harvesting capable device, a backward link signal on a backward link via a second frequency band, where the second frequency band is based on application of a frequency shift to the continuous wave signal, and select the first frequency band for ongoing continuous wave communication with the energy harvesting capable device based on reception of the backward link signal on the backward link via the second frequency band.
[0033] In some aspects of the method, network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the second frequency band may be a same frequency band as the first frequency band.
[0034] In some aspects of the method, network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the second frequency band may be a different frequency band as the first frequency band.
[0035] A method of wireless communication performed by a network entity is described. The method may include outputting, to an energy harvesting capable device, a forward link signal that indicates a first frequency band to use for wireless communication, the first frequency band being from a set of available frequency bands, outputting, to the energy harvesting capable device, a continuous wave signal on a forward link via the first frequency band, and obtaining, from the energy harvesting capable device, a backward link signal on a backward link via a second frequency band based on application of a frequency shift to the continuous wave signal.
[0036] A network entity for wireless communication is described. The network entity may include a processing system configured to output, to an energy harvesting capable device, a forward link signal that indicates a first frequency band to use for wireless communication, the first frequency band being from a set of available frequency bands, output, to the energy harvesting capable device, a continuous wave signal on a forward link via the first frequency band, and obtain, from the energy harvesting capable device, a backward link signal on a backward link via a second frequency band based on application of a frequency shift to the continuous wave signal.
[0037] Another network entity for wireless communication is described. The network entity may include means for outputting, to an energy harvesting capable device, a forward link signal that indicates a first frequency band to use for wireless communication, the first frequency band being from a set of available frequency bands, means for outputting, to the energy harvesting capable device, a continuous wave signal on a forward link via the first frequency band, and means for obtaining, from the energy harvesting capable device, a backward link signal on a backward link via a second frequency band based on application of a frequency shift to the continuous wave signal.
[0038] A non-transitory computer-readable medium having code for wireless communication stored thereon is described. The code, when executed by a network entity, causes the network entity to output, to an energy harvesting capable device, a forward link signal that indicates a first frequency band to use for wireless communication, the first frequency band being from a set of available frequency bands, output, to the energy harvesting capable device, a continuous wave signal on a forward link via the first frequency band, and obtain, from the energy harvesting capable device, a backward link signal on a backward link via a second frequency band based on application of a frequency shift to the continuous wave signal.
[0039] In some aspects of the method, network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the forward link signal indicates scheduling information for the continuous wave signal.
[0040] In some aspects of the method, network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the forward link signal indicates that the first frequency band may be for use as the forward link and as the backward link, the second frequency band may be a same frequency band as the first frequency band, and the frequency shift includes an intra-band frequency shift.
[0041] In some aspects of the method, network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the forward link signal indicates the first frequency band may be for use as the forward link and the second frequency band may be for use as the backward link, the second frequency band may be a different frequency band than the first frequency band, and the frequency shift includes an inter-band frequency shift.
[0042] In some aspects of the method, network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the forward link signal indicates the first frequency band may be for use as the forward link and the second frequency band may be for use as the backward link, the second frequency band may be a different frequency band than the first frequency band, and the frequency shift includes an intra-band frequency shift.
[0043] In some aspects of the method, network entities, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the forward link signal may be output from the network entity and the continuous wave signal may be output from an assisting network entity.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0044] FIG. 1 shows an example of a wireless communication system that supports band determination for ambient internet of things (A-IoT) device in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0045] FIG. 2 shows an example of a wireless communication system that supports band determination for A-IoT device in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0046] FIGs. 3A-3B show examples of a band configuration that supports band determination for A-IoT device in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0047] FIG. 4 shows an example of a swim diagram that supports band determination for ambient internet of things device in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0048] FIG. 5 shows an example of a swim diagram that supports band determination for A-IoT device in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0049] FIG. 6 shows an example of a swim diagram that supports band determination for A-IoT device in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0050] FIG. 7 shows an example of a swim diagram that supports band determination for A-IoT device in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0051] FIGs. 8 and 9 show block diagrams of devices that support band determination for A-IoT device in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0052] FIG. 10 shows a block diagram of a communications manager that supports band determination for A-IoT device in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0053] FIG. 11 shows a diagram of a system including a device that supports band determination for A-IoT device in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0054] FIGs. 12 and 13 show block diagrams of devices that support band determination for A-IoT device in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0055] FIG. 14 shows a block diagram of a communications manager that supports band determination for A-IoT device in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0056] FIG. 15 shows a diagram of a system including a device that supports band determination for A-IoT device in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0057] FIGs. 16 through 19 show flowcharts illustrating methods that support band determination for A-IoT device in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0058] Wireless networks may include ambient-internet-of-things (A-IoT) devices that are capable of harvesting the energy from a continuous wave wireless signal. The device may harvest the energy and apply a frequency shift to retransmit the signal over a backward link to a reader device. However, such networks may not provide a mechanism for the passive A-IoT device to select or otherwise determine which frequency band to use for wireless communications.
[0059] Accordingly, the described techniques provide various mechanisms to enable an A-IoT device to select or otherwise determine which frequency band (s) to use for wireless communications. The wireless communications may include forward link signals carried over a forward link (from the reader to the A-IoT device) and backward link signals carried over a backward link (from the A-IoT device to the reader) in one or more frequency bands. In some aspects, the A-IoT device may have a set of frequency bands available for wireless communications. This may include an uplink band (s) and a downlink band (s) . In some aspects, the A-IoT device may autonomously select a first frequency band to use for wireless communications based on measurements performed on the available frequency bands. In other aspects, the reader may indicate to the A-IoT device which frequency band (s) are to be used for the wireless communications. Accordingly, the A-IoT device may receive or otherwise obtain a continuous wave (CW) signal on a forward link via a first frequency band (e.g., the autonomously selected or indicated frequency band) . The A-IoT device may determine a frequency shift to apply to the CR signal for communications on the backward link. The A-IoT device may communicate a backward signal on the backward link based on application of the frequency shift to the CW signal.
[0060] Aspects of the disclosure are initially described in the context of wireless communication systems. Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts that relate to band determination for A-IoT device.
[0061] FIG. 1 shows an example of a wireless communication system 100 that supports band determination for A-IoT device in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communication system 100 may include one or more devices, such as one or more network devices (e.g., network entities 105) , one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some aspects, the wireless communication system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, a New Radio (NR) network, or a network operating in accordance with other systems and radio technologies, including future systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0062] The network entities 105 may be dispersed throughout a geographic area to form the wireless communication system 100 and may include devices in different forms or having different capabilities. In various aspects, a network entity 105 may be referred to as a network element, a mobility element, a radio access network (RAN) node, or network equipment, among other nomenclature. In some aspects, network entities 105 and UEs 115 may wirelessly communicate via communication link (s) 125 (e.g., a radio frequency (RF) access link) . For example, a network entity 105 may support a coverage area 110 (e.g., a geographic coverage area) over which the UEs 115 and the network entity 105 may establish the communication link (s) 125. The coverage area 110 may be an example of a geographic area over which a network entity 105 and a UE 115 may support the communication of signals according to one or more radio access technologies (RATs) .
[0063] The UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout a coverage area 110 of the wireless communication system 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary, or mobile, or both at different times. The UEs 115 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some example UEs 115 are illustrated in FIG. 1. The UEs 115 described herein may be capable of supporting communications with various types of devices in the wireless communication system 100 (e.g., other wireless communication devices, including UEs 115 or network entities 105) , as shown in FIG. 1.
[0064] As described herein, a network entity (which may alternatively be referred to as an entity, a node, a network node, or a wireless entity) may be, be similar to, include, or be included in (e.g., be a component of) a base station (e.g., any base station described herein, including a disaggregated base station) , a UE (e.g., any UE described herein) , a reduced capability (RedCap) device, an enhanced reduced capability (eRedCap) device, an ambient internet-of-things (IoT) device, an energy harvesting (EH) -capable device, a network controller, an apparatus, a device, a computing system, an integrated access and backhauling (IAB) node, a distributed unit (DU) , a central unit (CU) , a remote / radio unit (RU) (which may also be referred to as a remote radio unit (RRU) ) , and / or another processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, a network entity may be a UE. As another example, a network entity may be a base station. As used herein, “network entity” may refer to an entity that is configured to operate in a network, such as the network entity 105. For example, a “network entity” is not limited to an entity that is currently located in and / or currently operating in the network. Rather, a network entity may be any entity that is capable of communicating and / or operating in the network.
[0065] The adjectives “first, ” “second, ” “third, ” and so on are used for contextual distinction between two or more of the modified noun in connection with a discussion and are not meant to be absolute modifiers that apply only to a certain respective entity throughout the entire document. For example, a network entity may be referred to as a “first network entity” in connection with one discussion and may be referred to as a “second network entity” in connection with another discussion, or vice versa. As an example, a first network entity may be configured to communicate with a second network entity or a third network entity. In one aspect of this example, the first network entity may be a UE, the second network entity may be a base station, and the third network entity may be a UE. In another aspect of this example, the first network entity may be a UE, the second network entity may be a base station, and the third network entity may be a base station. In yet other aspects of this example, the first, second, and third network entities may be different relative to these examples.
[0066] Similarly, reference to a UE, base station, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like may include disclosure of the UE, base station, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like being a network entity. For example, disclosure that a UE is configured to receive information from a base station also discloses that a first network entity is configured to receive information from a second network entity. Consistent with this disclosure, once a specific example is broadened in accordance with this disclosure (e.g., a UE is configured to receive information from a base station also discloses that a first network entity is configured to receive information from a second network entity) , the broader example of the narrower example may be interpreted in the reverse, but in a broad open-ended way. In the example above where a UE is configured to receive information from a base station also discloses that a first network entity is configured to receive information from a second network entity, the first network entity may refer to a first UE, a first base station, a first apparatus, a first device, a first computing system, a first set of one or more one or more components, a first processing entity, or the like configured to receive the information; and the second network entity may refer to a second UE, a second base station, a second apparatus, a second device, a second computing system, a second set of one or more components, a second processing entity, or the like.
[0067] As described herein, communication of information (e.g., any information, signal, or the like) may be described in various aspects using different terminology. Disclosure of one communication term includes disclosure of other communication terms. For example, a first network entity may be described as being configured to transmit information to a second network entity. In this example and consistent with this disclosure, disclosure that the first network entity is configured to transmit information to the second network entity includes disclosure that the first network entity is configured to provide, send, output, communicate, or transmit information to the second network entity. Similarly, in this example and consistent with this disclosure, disclosure that the first network entity is configured to transmit information to the second network entity includes disclosure that the second network entity is configured to receive, obtain, or decode the information that is provided, sent, output, communicated, or transmitted by the first network entity.
[0068] As shown, the network entity (e.g., network entity 105) may include a processing system 106. Similarly, the network entity (e.g., UE 115) may include a processing system 112. A processing system may include one or more components (or subcomponents) , such as one or more components described herein. For example, a respective component of the one or more components may be, be similar to, include, or be included in at least one memory, at least one communication interface, or at least one processor. For example, a processing system may include one or more components. In such an example, the one or more components may include a first component, a second component, and a third component. In this example, the first component may be coupled to a second component and a third component. In this example, the first component may be at least one processor, the second component may be a communication interface, and the third component may be at least one memory. A processing system may generally be a system one or more components that may perform one or more functions, such as any function or combination of functions described herein. For example, one or more components may receive input information (e.g., any information that is an input, such as a signal, any digital information, or any other information) , one or more components may process the input information to generate output information (e.g., any information that is an output, such as a signal or any other information) , one or more components may perform any function as described herein, or any combination thereof. As described herein, an “input” and “input information” may be used interchangeably. Similarly, as described herein, an “output” and “output information” may be used interchangeably. Any information generated by any component may be provided to one or more other systems or components of, for example, a network entity described herein) . For example, a processing system may include a first component configured to receive or obtain information, a second component configured to process the information to generate output information, and / or a third component configured to provide the output information to other systems or components. In this example, the first component may be a communication interface (e.g., a first communication interface) , the second component may be at least one processor (e.g., that is coupled to the communication interface and / or at least one memory) , and the third component may be a communication interface (e.g., the first communication interface or a second communication interface) . For example, a processing system may include at least one memory, at least one communication interface, and / or at least one processor, where the at least one processor may, for example, be coupled to the at least one memory and the at least one communication interface.
[0069] A processing system of a network entity described herein may interface with one or more other components of the network entity, may process information received from one or more other components (such as input information) , or may output information to one or more other components. For example, a processing system may include a first component configured to interface with one or more other components of the network entity to receive or obtain information, a second component configured to process the information to generate one or more outputs, and / or a third component configured to output the one or more outputs to one or more other components. In this example, the first component may be a communication interface (e.g., a first communication interface) , the second component may be at least one processor (e.g., that is coupled to the communication interface and / or at least one memory) , and the third component may be a communication interface (e.g., the first communication interface or a second communication interface) . For example, a chip or modem of the network entity may include a processing system. The processing system may include a first communication interface to receive or obtain information, and a second communication interface to output, transmit, or provide information. In some aspects, the first communication interface may be an interface configured to receive input information, and the information may be provided to the processing system. In some aspects, the second system interface may be configured to transmit information output from the chip or modem. The second communication interface may also obtain or receive input information, and the first communication interface may also output, transmit, or provide information.
[0070] As described herein, a node of the wireless communication system 100, which may be referred to as a network node, or a wireless node, may be a network entity 105 (e.g., any network entity described herein) , a UE 115 (e.g., any UE described herein) , a network controller, an apparatus, a device, a computing system, one or more components, or another suitable processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, a node may be a UE 115. As another example, a node may be a network entity 105. As another example, a first node may be configured to communicate with a second node or a third node. In one aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a UE 115. In another aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a network entity 105. In yet other aspects of this example, the first, second, and third nodes may be different relative to these examples. Similarly, reference to a UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like may include disclosure of the UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like being a node. For example, disclosure that a UE 115 is configured to receive information from a network entity 105 also discloses that a first node is configured to receive information from a second node.
[0071] In some aspects, network entities 105 may communicate with a core network 130, or with one another, or both. For example, network entities 105 may communicate with the core network 130 via backhaul communication link (s) 120 (e.g., in accordance with an S1, N2, N3, or other interface protocol) . In some aspects, network entities 105 may communicate with one another via backhaul communication link (s) 120 (e.g., in accordance with an X2, Xn, or other interface protocol) either directly (e.g., directly between network entities 105) or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 130) . In some aspects, network entities 105 may communicate with one another via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., in accordance with a midhaul interface protocol) or a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., in accordance with a fronthaul interface protocol) , or any combination thereof. The backhaul communication link (s) 120, midhaul communication links 162, or fronthaul communication links 168 may be or include one or more wired links (e.g., an electrical link, an optical fiber link) or one or more wireless links (e.g., a radio link, a wireless optical link) , among other examples or various combinations thereof. A UE 115 may communicate with the core network 130 via a communication link 155.
[0072] One or more of the network entities 105 or network equipment described herein may include or may be referred to as a base station 140 (e.g., a base transceiver station, a radio base station, an NR base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB or giga-NodeB (either of which may be referred to as a gNB) , a 5G NB, a next-generation eNB (ng-eNB) , a Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or other suitable terminology) . In some aspects, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may be implemented in an aggregated (e.g., monolithic, standalone) base station architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within one network entity (e.g., a network entity 105 or a single RAN node, such as a base station 140) .
[0073] In some aspects, a network entity 105 may be implemented in a disaggregated architecture (e.g., a disaggregated base station architecture, a disaggregated RAN architecture) , which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among multiple network entities (e.g., network entities 105) , such as an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 105 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , such as a CU 160, a distributed unit (DU) , such as a DU 165, a radio unit (RU) , such as an RU 170, a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) , such as an RIC 175 (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) system, such as an SMO system 180, or any combination thereof. An RU 170 may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 105 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 105 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some aspects, one or more of the network entities 105 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0074] The split of functionality between a CU 160, a DU 165, and an RU 170 is flexible and may support different functionalities depending on which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, RF functions, or any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU 160 and a DU 165 such that the CU 160 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU 165 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some aspects, the CU 160 may host upper protocol layer (e.g., layer 3 (L3) , layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) , service data adaption protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU 160 (e.g., one or more CUs) may be connected to a DU 165 (e.g., one or more DUs) or an RU 170 (e.g., one or more RUs) , or some combination thereof, and the DUs 165, RUs 170, or both may host lower protocol layers, such as layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160. Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU 165 and an RU 170 such that the DU 165 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU 170 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU 165 may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or multiple different RUs, such as an RU 170) . In some cases, a functional split between a CU 160 and a DU 165 or between a DU 165 and an RU 170 may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU 160, the DU 165, or the RU 170) . A CU 160 may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU 160 may be connected to a DU 165 via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU 165 may be connected to an RU 170 via a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some aspects, a midhaul communication link 162 or a fronthaul communication link 168 may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities (e.g., one or more of the network entities 105) that are in communication via such communication links.
[0075] In some wireless communication systems (e.g., the wireless communication system 100) , infrastructure and spectral resources for radio access may support wireless backhaul link capabilities to supplement wired backhaul connections, providing an IAB network architecture (e.g., to a core network 130) . In some cases, in an IAB network, one or more of the network entities 105 (e.g., network entities 105 or IAB node (s) 104) may be partially controlled by each other. The IAB node (s) 104 may be referred to as a donor entity or an IAB donor. A DU 165 or an RU 170 may be partially controlled by a CU 160 associated with a network entity 105 or base station 140 (such as a donor network entity or a donor base station) . The one or more donor entities (e.g., IAB donors) may be in communication with one or more additional devices (e.g., IAB node (s) 104) via supported access and backhaul links (e.g., backhaul communication link (s) 120) . IAB node (s) 104 may include an IAB mobile termination (IAB-MT) controlled (e.g., scheduled) by one or more DUs (e.g., DUs 165) of a coupled IAB donor. An IAB-MT may be equipped with an independent set of antennas for relay of communications with UEs 115 or may share the same antennas (e.g., of an RU 170) of IAB node (s) 104 used for access via the DU 165 of the IAB node (s) 104 (e.g., referred to as virtual IAB-MT (vIAB-MT) ) . In some aspects, the IAB node (s) 104 may include one or more DUs (e.g., DUs 165) that support communication links with additional entities (e.g., IAB node (s) 104, UEs 115) within the relay chain or configuration of the access network (e.g., downstream) . In such cases, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., the IAB node (s) 104 or components of the IAB node (s) 104) may be configured to operate according to the techniques described herein.
[0076] For instance, an access network (AN) or RAN may include communications between access nodes (e.g., an IAB donor) , IAB node (s) 104, and one or more UEs 115. The IAB donor may facilitate connection between the core network 130 and the AN (e.g., via a wired or wireless connection to the core network 130) . That is, an IAB donor may refer to a RAN node with a wired or wireless connection to the core network 130. The IAB donor may include one or more of a CU 160, a DU 165, and an RU 170, in which case the CU 160 may communicate with the core network 130 via an interface (e.g., a backhaul link) . The IAB donor and IAB node (s) 104 may communicate via an F1 interface according to a protocol that defines signaling messages (e.g., an F1 AP protocol) . Additionally, or alternatively, the CU 160 may communicate with the core network 130 via an interface, which may be an example of a portion of a backhaul link, and may communicate with other CUs (e.g., including a CU 160 associated with an alternative IAB donor) via an Xn-C interface, which may be an example of another portion of a backhaul link.
[0077] IAB node (s) 104 may refer to RAN nodes that provide IAB functionality (e.g., access for UEs 115, wireless self-backhauling capabilities) . A DU 165 may act as a distributed scheduling node towards child nodes associated with the IAB node (s) 104, and the IAB-MT may act as a scheduled node towards parent nodes associated with IAB node (s) 104. That is, an IAB donor may be referred to as a parent node in communication with one or more child nodes (e.g., an IAB donor may relay transmissions for UEs through other IAB node (s) 104) . Additionally, or alternatively, IAB node (s) 104 may also be referred to as parent nodes or child nodes to other IAB node (s) 104, depending on the relay chain or configuration of the AN. The IAB-MT entity of IAB node (s) 104 may provide a Uu interface for a child IAB node (e.g., the IAB node (s) 104) to receive signaling from a parent IAB node (e.g., the IAB node (s) 104) , and a DU interface (e.g., a DU 165) may provide a Uu interface for a parent IAB node to signal to a child IAB node or UE 115.
[0078] For example, IAB node (s) 104 may be referred to as parent nodes that support communications for child IAB nodes, or may be referred to as child IAB nodes associated with IAB donors, or both. An IAB donor may include a CU 160 with a wired or wireless connection (e.g., backhaul communication link (s) 120) to the core network 130 and may act as a parent node to IAB node (s) 104. For example, the DU 165 of an IAB donor may relay transmissions to UEs 115 through IAB node (s) 104, or may directly signal transmissions to a UE 115, or both. The CU 160 of the IAB donor may signal communication link establishment via an F1 interface to IAB node (s) 104, and the IAB node (s) 104 may schedule transmissions (e.g., transmissions to the UEs 115 relayed from the IAB donor) through one or more DUs (e.g., DUs 165) . That is, data may be relayed to and from IAB node (s) 104 via signaling via an NR Uu interface to MT of IAB node (s) 104 (e.g., other IAB node (s) ) . Communications with IAB node (s) 104 may be scheduled by a DU 165 of the IAB donor or of IAB node (s) 104.
[0079] In the case of the techniques described herein applied in the context of a disaggregated RAN architecture, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture may be configured to support test as described herein. For example, some operations described as being performed by a UE 115 or a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may additionally, or alternatively, be performed by one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., components such as an IAB node, a DU 165, a CU 160, an RU 170, an RIC 175, an SMO system 180) .
[0080] A UE 115 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology, where the “device” may also be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. A UE 115 may also include or may be referred to as a personal electronic device such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer. In some aspects, a UE 115 may include or be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or a machine type communications (MTC) device, among other examples, which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances, vehicles, or meters, among other examples.
[0081] The UEs 115 described herein may be able to communicate with various types of devices, such as UEs 115 that may sometimes operate as relays, as well as the network entities 105 and the network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or relay base stations, among other examples, as shown in FIG. 1.
[0082] The UEs 115 and the network entities 105 may wirelessly communicate with one another via the communication link (s) 125 (e.g., one or more access links) using resources associated with one or more carriers. The term “carrier” may refer to a set of RF spectrum resources having a defined PHY layer structure for supporting the communication link (s) 125. For example, a carrier used for the communication link (s) 125 may include a portion of an RF spectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth part (BWP) ) that is operated according to one or more PHY layer channels for a given RAT (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR) . Each PHY layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information) , control signaling that coordinates operation for the carrier, user data, or other signaling. The wireless communication system 100 may support communication with a UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. A UE 115 may be configured with multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers according to a carrier aggregation configuration. Carrier aggregation may be used with both frequency division duplexing (FDD) and time division duplexing (TDD) component carriers. Communication between a network entity 105 and other devices may refer to communication between the devices and any portion (e.g., entity, sub-entity) of a network entity 105. For example, the terms “transmitting, ” “receiving, ” or “communicating, ” when referring to a network entity 105, may refer to any portion of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, a CU 160, a DU 165, a RU 170) of a RAN communicating with another device (e.g., directly or via one or more other network entities, such as one or more of the network entities 105) .
[0083] In some aspects, such as in a carrier aggregation configuration, a carrier may have acquisition signaling or control signaling that coordinates operations for other carriers. A carrier may be associated with a frequency channel (e.g., an evolved universal mobile telecommunication system terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA) absolute RF channel number (EARFCN) ) and may be identified according to a channel raster for discovery by the UEs 115. A carrier may be operated in a standalone mode, in which case initial acquisition and connection may be conducted by the UEs 115 via the carrier, or the carrier may be operated in a non-standalone mode, in which case a connection is anchored using a different carrier (e.g., of the same or a different RAT) .
[0084] The communication link (s) 125 of the wireless communication system 100 may include downlink transmissions (e.g., forward link transmissions) from a network entity 105 to a UE 115, uplink transmissions (e.g., return link transmissions) from a UE 115 to a network entity 105, or both, among other configurations of transmissions. Carriers may carry downlink or uplink communications (e.g., in an FDD mode) or may be configured to carry downlink and uplink communications (e.g., in a TDD mode) .
[0085] A carrier may be associated with a particular bandwidth of the RF spectrum and, in some aspects, the carrier bandwidth may be referred to as a “system bandwidth” of the carrier or the wireless communication system 100. For example, the carrier bandwidth may be one of a set of bandwidths for carriers of a particular RAT (e.g., 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 40, or 80 megahertz (MHz) ) . Devices of the wireless communication system 100 (e.g., the network entities 105, the UEs 115, or both) may have hardware configurations that support communications using a particular carrier bandwidth or may be configurable to support communications using one of a set of carrier bandwidths. In some aspects, the wireless communication system 100 may include network entities 105 or UEs 115 that support concurrent communications using carriers associated with multiple carrier bandwidths. In some aspects, each served UE 115 may be configured for operating using portions (e.g., a sub-band, a BWP) or all of a carrier bandwidth.
[0086] Signal waveforms transmitted via a carrier may be made up of multiple subcarriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM) ) . In a system employing MCM techniques, a resource element may refer to resources of one symbol period (e.g., a duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, in which case the symbol period and subcarrier spacing may be inversely related. The quantity of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the coding rate of the modulation scheme, or both) , such that a relatively higher quantity of resource elements (e.g., in a transmission duration) and a relatively higher order of a modulation scheme may correspond to a relatively higher rate of communication. A wireless communications resource may refer to a combination of an RF spectrum resource, a time resource, and a spatial resource (e.g., a spatial layer, a beam) , and the use of multiple spatial resources may increase the data rate or data integrity for communications with a UE 115.
[0087] One or more numerologies for a carrier may be supported, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing (Δf) and a cyclic prefix. A carrier may be divided into one or more BWPs having the same or different numerologies. In some aspects, a UE 115 may be configured with multiple BWPs. In some aspects, a single BWP for a carrier may be active at a given time and communications for the UE 115 may be restricted to one or more active BWPs.
[0088] The time intervals for the network entities 105 or the UEs 115 may be expressed in multiples of a basic time unit which may, for example, refer to a sampling period of Ts=1 / (Δfmax·Nf) seconds, for which Δfmax may represent a supported subcarrier spacing, and Nf may represent a supported discrete Fourier transform (DFT) size. Time intervals of a communications resource may be organized according to radio frames each having a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms) ) . Each radio frame may be identified by a system frame number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023) .
[0089] Each frame may include multiple consecutively-numbered subframes or slots, and each subframe or slot may have the same duration. In some aspects, a frame may be divided (e.g., in the time domain) into subframes, and each subframe may be further divided into a quantity of slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable quantity of slots, and the quantity of slots may depend on subcarrier spacing. Each slot may include a quantity of symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix prepended to each symbol period) . In some wireless communication systems, such as the wireless communication system 100, a slot may further be divided into multiple mini-slots associated with one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may be associated with one or more (e.g., Nf) sampling periods. The duration of a symbol period may depend on the subcarrier spacing or frequency band of operation.
[0090] A subframe, a slot, a mini-slot, or a symbol may be the smallest scheduling unit (e.g., in the time domain) of the wireless communication system 100 and may be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI) . In some aspects, the TTI duration (e.g., a quantity of symbol periods in a TTI) may be variable. Additionally, or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communication system 100 may be dynamically selected (e.g., in bursts of shortened TTIs (sTTIs) ) .
[0091] Physical channels may be multiplexed for communication using a carrier according to various techniques. A physical control channel and a physical data channel may be multiplexed for signaling via a downlink carrier, for example, using one or more of time division multiplexing (TDM) techniques, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) techniques, or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques. A control region (e.g., a control resource set (CORESET) ) for a physical control channel may be defined by a set of symbol periods and may extend across the system bandwidth or a subset of the system bandwidth of the carrier. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESETs) may be configured for a set of the UEs 115. For example, one or more of the UEs 115 may monitor or search control regions for control information according to one or more search space sets, and each search space set may include one or multiple control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a cascaded manner. An aggregation level for a control channel candidate may refer to an amount of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs) ) associated with encoded information for a control information format having a given payload size. Search space sets may include common search space sets configured for sending control information to UEs 115 (e.g., one or more UEs) or may include UE-specific search space sets for sending control information to a UE 115 (e.g., a specific UE) .
[0092] A network entity 105 may provide communication coverage via one or more cells, for example a macro cell, a small cell, a hot spot, or other types of cells, or any combination thereof. The term “cell” may refer to a logical communication entity used for communication with a network entity 105 (e.g., using a carrier) and may be associated with an identifier for distinguishing neighboring cells (e.g., a physical cell identifier (PCID) , a virtual cell identifier (VCID) ) . In some aspects, a cell also may refer to a coverage area 110 or a portion of a coverage area 110 (e.g., a sector) over which the logical communication entity operates. Such cells may range from smaller areas (e.g., a structure, a subset of structure) to larger areas depending on various factors such as the capabilities of the network entity 105. For example, a cell may be or include a building, a subset of a building, or exterior spaces between or overlapping with coverage areas 110, among other examples.
[0093] A macro cell generally covers a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by the UEs 115 with service subscriptions with the network provider supporting the macro cell. A small cell may be associated with a network entity 105 operating with lower power (e.g., a base station 140 operating with lower power) relative to a macro cell, and a small cell may operate using the same or different (e.g., licensed, unlicensed) frequency bands as macro cells. Small cells may provide unrestricted access to the UEs 115 with service subscriptions with the network provider or may provide restricted access to the UEs 115 having an association with the small cell (e.g., the UEs 115 in a closed subscriber group (CSG) , the UEs 115 associated with users in a home or office) . A network entity 105 may support one or more cells and may also support communications via the one or more cells using one or multiple component carriers.
[0094] In some aspects, a carrier may support multiple cells, and different cells may be configured according to different protocol types (e.g., MTC, narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) , enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) ) that may provide access for different types of devices.
[0095] In some aspects, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) may be movable and therefore provide communication coverage for a moving coverage area, such as the coverage area 110. In some aspects, coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) associated with different technologies may overlap, but the coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) may be supported by the same network entity (e.g., a network entity 105) . In some other aspects, overlapping coverage areas, such as a coverage area 110, associated with different technologies may be supported by different network entities (e.g., the network entities 105) . The wireless communication system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of the network entities 105 support communications for coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) using the same or different RATs.
[0096] The wireless communication system 100 may support synchronous or asynchronous operation. For synchronous operation, network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140) may have similar frame timings, and transmissions from different network entities (e.g., different ones of the network entities 105) may be approximately aligned in time. For asynchronous operation, network entities 105 may have different frame timings, and transmissions from different network entities (e.g., different ones of network entities 105) may, in some aspects, not be aligned in time. The techniques described herein may be used for either synchronous or asynchronous operations.
[0097] Some UEs 115, such as MTC or IoT devices, may be relatively low cost or low complexity devices and may provide for automated communication between machines (e.g., via Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication) . M2M communication or MTC may refer to data communication technologies that allow devices to communicate with one another or a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) without human intervention. In some aspects, M2M communication or MTC may include communications from devices that integrate sensors or meters to measure or capture information and relay such information to a central server or application program that uses the information or presents the information to humans interacting with the application program. Some UEs 115 may be designed to collect information or enable automated behavior of machines or other devices. Aspects of applications for MTC devices include smart metering, inventory monitoring, water level monitoring, equipment monitoring, healthcare monitoring, wildlife monitoring, weather and geological event monitoring, fleet management and tracking, remote security sensing, physical access control, and transaction-based business charging.
[0098] Some UEs 115 may be configured to employ operating modes that reduce power consumption, such as half-duplex communications (e.g., a mode that supports one-way communication via transmission or reception, but not transmission and reception concurrently) . In some aspects, half-duplex communications may be performed at a reduced peak rate. Other power conservation techniques for the UEs 115 may include entering a power saving deep sleep mode when not engaging in active communications, operating using a limited bandwidth (e.g., according to narrowband communications) , or a combination of these techniques. For example, some UEs 115 may be configured for operation using a narrowband protocol type that is associated with a defined portion or range (e.g., set of subcarriers or resource blocks (RBs) ) within a carrier, within a guard-band of a carrier, or outside of a carrier.
[0099] The wireless communication system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable communications or low-latency communications, or various combinations thereof. For example, the wireless communication system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) . The UEs 115 may be designed to support ultra-reliable, low-latency, or critical functions. Ultra-reliable communications may include private communication or group communication and may be supported by one or more services such as push-to-talk, video, or data. Support for ultra-reliable, low-latency functions may include prioritization of services, and such services may be used for public safety or general commercial applications. The terms ultra-reliable, low-latency, and ultra-reliable low-latency may be used interchangeably herein.
[0100] In some aspects, a UE 115 may be configured to support communicating directly with other UEs (e.g., one or more of the UEs 115) via a device-to-device (D2D) communication link, such as a D2D communication link 135 (e.g., in accordance with a peer-to-peer (P2P) , D2D, or sidelink protocol) . In some aspects, one or more UEs 115 of a group that are performing D2D communications may be within the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) , which may support aspects of such D2D communications being configured by (e.g., scheduled by) the network entity 105. In some aspects, one or more UEs 115 of such a group may be outside the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 or may be otherwise unable to or not configured to receive transmissions from a network entity 105. In some aspects, groups of the UEs 115 communicating via D2D communications may support a one-to-many (1: M) system in which each UE 115 transmits to one or more of the UEs 115 in the group. In some aspects, a network entity 105 may facilitate the scheduling of resources for D2D communications. In some other aspects, D2D communications may be carried out between the UEs 115 without an involvement of a network entity 105.
[0101] In some systems, a D2D communication link 135 may be an example of a communication channel, such as a sidelink communication channel, between vehicles (e.g., UEs 115) . In some aspects, vehicles may communicate using vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications, or some combination of these. A vehicle may signal information related to traffic conditions, signal scheduling, weather, safety, emergencies, or any other information relevant to a V2X system. In some aspects, vehicles in a V2X system may communicate with roadside infrastructure, such as roadside units, or with the network via one or more network nodes (e.g., network entities 105, base stations 140, RUs 170) using vehicle-to-network (V2N) communications, or with both.
[0102] The core network 130 may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 130 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) or 5G core (5GC) , which may include at least one control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management function (AMF) ) and at least one user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . The control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management for the UEs 115 served by the network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140) associated with the core network 130. User IP packets may be transferred through the user plane entity, which may provide IP address allocation as well as other functions. The user plane entity may be connected to IP services 150 for one or more network operators. The IP services 150 may include access to the Internet, Intranet (s) , an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) , or a Packet-Switched Streaming Service.
[0103] The wireless communication system 100 may operate using one or more frequency bands, which may be in the range of 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz) . Generally, the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is known as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band because the wavelengths range from approximately one decimeter to one meter in length. UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features, which may be referred to as clusters, but the waves may penetrate structures sufficiently for a macro cell to provide service to the UEs 115 located indoors. Communications using UHF waves may be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than one hundred kilometers) compared to communications using the smaller frequencies and longer waves of the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portion of the spectrum below 300 MHz.
[0104] The wireless communication system 100 may also operate using a super high frequency (SHF) region, which may be in the range of 3 GHz to 30 GHz, also known as the centimeter band, or using an extremely high frequency (EHF) region of the spectrum (e.g., from 30 GHz to 300 GHz) , also known as the millimeter band. In some aspects, the wireless communication system 100 may support millimeter wave (mmW) communications between the UEs 115 and the network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140, RUs 170) , and EHF antennas of the respective devices may be smaller and more closely spaced than UHF antennas. In some aspects, such techniques may facilitate using antenna arrays within a device. The propagation of EHF transmissions, however, may be subject to even greater attenuation and shorter range than SHF or UHF transmissions. The techniques disclosed herein may be employed across transmissions that use one or more different frequency regions, and designated use of bands across these frequency regions may differ by country or regulating body.
[0105] The wireless communication system 100 may utilize both licensed and unlicensed RF spectrum bands. For example, the wireless communication system 100 may employ License Assisted Access (LAA) , LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U) RAT, or NR technology using an unlicensed band such as the 5 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. While operating using unlicensed RF spectrum bands, devices such as the network entities 105 and the UEs 115 may employ carrier sensing for collision detection and avoidance. In some aspects, operations using unlicensed bands may be based on a carrier aggregation configuration in conjunction with component carriers operating using a licensed band (e.g., LAA) . Operations using unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, P2P transmissions, or D2D transmissions, among other examples.
[0106] A network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) or a UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas, which may be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications, or beamforming. The antennas of a network entity 105 or a UE 115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which may support MIMO operations or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower. In some aspects, antennas or antenna arrays associated with a network entity 105 may be located at diverse geographic locations. A network entity 105 may include an antenna array with a set of rows and columns of antenna ports that the network entity 105 may use to support beamforming of communications with a UE 115. Likewise, a UE 115 may include one or more antenna arrays that may support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally, or alternatively, an antenna panel may support RF beamforming for a signal transmitted via an antenna port.
[0107] The network entities 105 or the UEs 115 may use MIMO communications to exploit multipath signal propagation and increase spectral efficiency by transmitting or receiving multiple signals via different spatial layers. Such techniques may be referred to as spatial multiplexing. The multiple signals may, for example, be transmitted by the transmitting device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Likewise, the multiple signals may be received by the receiving device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Each of the multiple signals may be referred to as a separate spatial stream and may carry information associated with the same data stream (e.g., the same codeword) or different data streams (e.g., different codewords) . Different spatial layers may be associated with different antenna ports used for channel measurement and reporting. MIMO techniques include single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO) , for which multiple spatial layers are transmitted to the same receiving device, and multiple-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) , for which multiple spatial layers are transmitted to multiple devices.
[0108] Beamforming, which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception, is a signal processing technique that may be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g., a network entity 105, a UE 115) to shape or steer an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device. Beamforming may be achieved by combining the signals communicated via antenna elements of an antenna array such that some signals propagating along particular orientations with respect to an antenna array experience constructive interference while others experience destructive interference. The adjustment of signals communicated via the antenna elements may include a transmitting device or a receiving device applying amplitude offsets, phase offsets, or both to signals carried via the antenna elements associated with the device. The adjustments associated with each of the antenna elements may be defined by a beamforming weight set associated with a particular orientation (e.g., with respect to the antenna array of the transmitting device or receiving device, or with respect to some other orientation) .
[0109] A network entity 105 or a UE 115 may use beam sweeping techniques as part of beamforming operations. For example, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) may use multiple antennas or antenna arrays (e.g., antenna panels) to conduct beamforming operations for directional communications with a UE 115. Some signals (e.g., synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) may be transmitted by a network entity 105 multiple times along different directions. For example, the network entity 105 may transmit a signal according to different beamforming weight sets associated with different directions of transmission. Transmissions along different beam directions may be used to identify (e.g., by a transmitting device, such as a network entity 105, or by a receiving device, such as a UE 115) a beam direction for later transmission or reception by the network entity 105.
[0110] Some signals, such as data signals associated with a particular receiving device, may be transmitted by a transmitting device (e.g., a network entity 105 or a UE 115) along a single beam direction (e.g., a direction associated with the receiving device, such as another network entity 105 or UE 115) . In some aspects, the beam direction associated with transmissions along a single beam direction may be determined based on a signal that was transmitted along one or more beam directions. For example, a UE 115 may receive one or more of the signals transmitted by the network entity 105 along different directions and may report to the network entity 105 an indication of the signal that the UE 115 received with a highest signal quality or an otherwise acceptable signal quality.
[0111] In some aspects, transmissions by a device (e.g., by a network entity 105 or a UE 115) may be performed using multiple beam directions, and the device may use a combination of digital precoding or beamforming to generate a combined beam for transmission (e.g., from a network entity 105 to a UE 115) . The UE 115 may report feedback that indicates precoding weights for one or more beam directions, and the feedback may correspond to a configured set of beams across a system bandwidth or one or more sub-bands. The network entity 105 may transmit a reference signal (e.g., a cell-specific reference signal (CRS) , a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) ) , which may be precoded or unprecoded. The UE 115 may provide feedback for beam selection, which may be a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) or codebook-based feedback (e.g., a multi-panel type codebook, a linear combination type codebook, a port selection type codebook) . Although these techniques are described with reference to signals transmitted along one or more directions by a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) , a UE 115 may employ similar techniques for transmitting signals multiple times along different directions (e.g., for identifying a beam direction for subsequent transmission or reception by the UE 115) or for transmitting a signal along a single direction (e.g., for transmitting data to a receiving device) .
[0112] A receiving device (e.g., a UE 115) may perform reception operations in accordance with multiple receive configurations (e.g., directional listening) when receiving various signals from a transmitting device (e.g., a network entity 105) , such as synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals. For example, a receiving device may perform reception in accordance with multiple receive directions by receiving via different antenna subarrays, by processing received signals according to different antenna subarrays, by receiving according to different receive beamforming weight sets (e.g., different directional listening weight sets) applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, or by processing received signals according to different receive beamforming weight sets applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, any of which may be referred to as “listening” according to different receive configurations or receive directions. In some aspects, a receiving device may use a single receive configuration to receive along a single beam direction (e.g., when receiving a data signal) . The single receive configuration may be aligned along a beam direction determined based on listening according to different receive configuration directions (e.g., a beam direction determined to have a highest signal strength, highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) , or otherwise acceptable signal quality based on listening according to multiple beam directions) .
[0113] The wireless communication system 100 may be a packet-based network that operates according to a layered protocol stack. In the user plane, communications at the bearer or PDCP layer may be IP-based. An RLC layer may perform packet segmentation and reassembly to communicate via logical channels. A MAC layer may perform priority handling and multiplexing of logical channels into transport channels. The MAC layer also may implement error detection techniques, error correction techniques, or both to support retransmissions to improve link efficiency. In the control plane, an RRC layer may provide establishment, configuration, and maintenance of an RRC connection between a UE 115 and a network entity 105 or a core network 130 supporting radio bearers for user plane data. A PHY layer may map transport channels to physical channels.
[0114] The UEs 115 and the network entities 105 may support retransmissions of data to increase the likelihood that data is received successfully. Hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback is one technique for increasing the likelihood that data is received correctly via a communication link (e.g., the communication link (s) 125, a D2D communication link 135) . HARQ may include a combination of error detection (e.g., using a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) ) , forward error correction (FEC) , and retransmission (e.g., automatic repeat request (ARQ) ) . HARQ may improve throughput at the MAC layer in relatively poor radio conditions (e.g., low signal-to-noise conditions) . In some aspects, a device may support same-slot HARQ feedback, in which case the device may provide HARQ feedback in a specific slot for data received via a previous symbol in the slot. In some other aspects, the device may provide HARQ feedback in a subsequent slot, or according to some other time interval.
[0115] An energy harvesting capable device (e.g., a UE 115) may select a first frequency band from a set of available frequency bands to use for wireless communication, wherein selection of the first frequency band is based on a comparison of measurements that pertain to respective frequency bands in the set of available frequency bands. The energy harvesting capable device may obtain a continuous wave signal on a forward link via the first frequency band. The energy harvesting capable device may determine a frequency shift to apply to the continuous wave signal for communication on a backward link. The energy harvesting capable device may communicate a backward link signal on the backward link via a second frequency band based on application of the frequency shift to the continuous wave signal.
[0116] The energy harvesting capable device (e.g., a UE 115) may obtain a forward link signal that indicates a first frequency band to use for wireless communication, the first frequency band being from a set of available frequency bands. The energy harvesting capable device may obtain a continuous wave signal on a forward link via the first frequency band. The energy harvesting capable device may determine a frequency shift to apply to the continuous wave signal for communication on a backward link. The energy harvesting capable device may communicate a backward link signal on the backward link via a second frequency band based on application of the frequency shift to the continuous wave signal.
[0117] A network entity (e.g., a reader, which may be an example of a UE 115 or a network entity 105) may output, to an energy harvesting capable device, a continuous wave signal on a forward link via a first frequency band. The network entity may obtain, from the energy harvesting capable device, a backward link signal on a backward link via a second frequency band, wherein the second frequency band is based on application of a frequency shift to the continuous wave signal. The network entity may select the first frequency band for ongoing continuous wave communication with the energy harvesting capable device based on reception of the backward link signal on the backward link via the second frequency band.
[0118] A network entity (e.g., a reader, which may be an example of a UE 115 or a network entity 105) may output, to an energy harvesting capable device, a forward link signal that indicates a first frequency band to use for wireless communication, the first frequency band being from a set of available frequency bands. The network entity may output, to the energy harvesting capable device, a continuous wave signal on a forward link via the first frequency band. The network entity may obtain, from the energy harvesting capable device, a backward link signal on a backward link via a second frequency band based on application of a frequency shift to the continuous wave signal.
[0119] FIG. 2 shows an example of a wireless communication system 200 that supports band determination for A-IoT device in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. Wireless communication system 200 may implement aspects of wireless communication system 100. Wireless communication system 200 may include a UE 205, an A-IoT device 210, and a network entity 215, which may be examples of the corresponding devices described herein. For example, the A-IoT device 210 may be an example of an energy harvesting capable device.
[0120] Wireless communication system 200 may support low-cost and low-complexity passive, semi-passive, or active devices, such as the A-IoT device 210. These devices may be affixed to individual items (e.g., boxes, crates, containers, worn on a user, or other scenarios) that are used to collect and send small amounts of data. For example, the devices may be attached to a sensor and provide sensor data, may be attached to an individual device and used for tracking and inventory purposes, or provide other basic functionality. These devices may, therefore, be generally associated with heavy uplink traffic.
[0121] A passive device may generally refer to a device that uses backscatter communications on a backwards link (BL) . The backscatter communications may include the device harvesting the energy of a wireless signal (e.g., a continuous wave (CW) signal) via a forward link (FL) and reflecting or refracting the wireless signal back to the source after encoding the small amount of data onto the reflected or refracted signal. The passive device may also be referred to as a passive radio frequency identifier (RFID) tag or as a Type A device. The passive device may have little or no energy storing capability. The passive device may have no amplification capability (e.g., may solely rely on the energy harvested from the FL signal) . Accordingly, the operating range of the passive device may be relatively short (e.g., 10-30 meters) .
[0122] Semi-passive devices may also rely on backscatter communications for the BL and may have little or no amplification. For example, the semi-passive device may have a small amount of energy storage that captures and stores energy from wireless signal (s) . The semi-passive device may use some or all of its stored energy to provide a relatively small amount of amplification to the BL signal. This may extend the operating range of the semi-passive device a small amount (e.g., up to 60 meters) . Semi-passive devices may also have a more complex operational capability relative to the passive device, which may provide additional functionality. The semi-passive device may also be referred to as a semi-passive RFID tag or as a Type B device.
[0123] An active device may rely on backscatter communications for the BL or may have a transmit chain that is capable of generating and transmitting a wireless signal via the BL. For example, the active device may have a medium amount of energy storage capability (e.g., a small battery) that can be used to power the transmit chain. This may further extend the operational range of the active device (e.g., up to 300 meters) and may enable a higher degree of complexity relative to the semi-passive devices. The active device may also be referred to as an active RFID tag, as a Bluetooth device, or as a Type C device. The A-IoT device 210 may be an example of any of the passive devices, semi-passive devices, or active devices.
[0124] Wireless communications with these devices may include a reader transmitting a signal via the FL and the device responding with a signal via the BL (e.g., a backscattered signal or a generated signal) . The reader in this context may refer to either the UE 205, the network entity 215, or both devices. For example, in some scenarios the reader may refer to the network entity 215 that communicates directly with the A-IoT device 210 via the FL and the BL. In other scenarios the reader may refer to the UE 205 that communicates with the network entity 215 via a cellular link (e.g., via a Uu interface) and then communicates with the A-IoT device 210 via the FL and BL. The network entity 215 may control or otherwise manage the communications between the UE 205 and the A-IoT device 210. In this scenario, the UE 205 may act as a relay device or an assisting node between the A-IoT device 210 and the network entity 215.
[0125] In other scenarios, the ready may simply refer to the UE 205 that acts as a stand-alone reader. For example, the UE 205 may be a device that controls or otherwise autonomously manages the FL and BL communications with the A-IoT device 210. The UE 205 may communicate information associated with the A-IoT device 210 to a central function (e.g., a network controller or function) via the network entity 215. For example, the UE 205 may include function (s) or application (s) that manage the FL and BL communications with the A-IoT device 210 and then provides some or all of the tag information (or other information based on the tag information) to the central function. In other scenarios, the communications via the BL and the FL may be simply between the UE 205 and the A-IoT device 210 without involving the network entity 215 or other central function (e.g., such as an autonomous reader / tag configuration) .
[0126] In some aspects, more than one frequency band (e.g., radio frequency spectrum band) may be available for communications between the reader and the A-IoT device 210. The available frequency bands may be based on the capability of the A-IoT device 210, based on the network configuration, or based on other factors. For example, in a first deployment scenario the network entity 215 may be able to support full-duplex communications. In this aspects, a FDD-downlink (FDD-DL) band and a FDD-uplink (FDD-UL) band may be available for the reader (e.g., the network entity 215 or the UE 205) to communicate with the A-IoT device 210. A Type A or Type B device may transmit BL and receive FL signals in only one band (e.g., the FDD-UL only) , in some aspects. A Type C device may receive FL signals in the FDD-DL band and transmit BL signals in the FDD-UL band, in some aspects. In this scenario, the Type A, Type B, and Type C device transmissions may be time division multiplexed (TDM’ d) in case the network entity 215 may not be able to simultaneously receive in both the FDD-DL band and the FDD-UL band. To receive in both the FDD-DL band and the FDD-UL band at the same time, the network entity 215 may use at least two receive chains. In a first slot where the power-up CW is sent (e.g., to energize the A-IoT device 210) , the Type B and Type C devices may also transmit FL data. From a Type A device perspective, this may be seen as simply an energy signal.
[0127] In another deployment scenario, both the network entity 215 and an assisting node (e.g., the UE 205) may transmit FL and CW signals at the same time. The network entity 215 may serve Type A and Type B devices working either in the FDD-DL band or in the FDD-UL band. This may include the network entity 215 receiving in both the FDD-DL band and in the FDD-UL band. The Type C device may operate in the FDD-DL band and in an uplink band (e.g., in connected FDD DL and UL) in a FDD manner.
[0128] In some aspects, different capabilities of the A-IoT device may determine which band (s) are available for wireless communications. For example, an A-IoT device may have two antennas that support wireless communications on two different bands or frequencies (e.g., f1 and f2, which may include FDD-DL and FDD-UL) . As another example, an A-IoT device may have one antenna with a tuning or switching capability that uses different matching circuits. Two radio frequency sources can send the CW signal for backscattering though (e.g., the CW signal may be sent in both the FDD-DL band and in the FDD-UL band) .
[0129] However, wireless networks generally do not provide a mechanism for an A-IoT device to select or otherwise determine which frequency band (s) to use for wireless communications with a reader. Accordingly, aspects of the techniques described herein provide for an A-IoT device to decide or otherwise determine which band (s) to use for wireless communications with a reader. The described techniques provide for efficient use of the radio resources to improve spectral efficiency and reduce latency, among other benefits.
[0130] In a first example, this may include the A-IoT device autonomously selecting the frequency band to use. When there are multiple frequency bands available for use by the A-IoT device, this may include the A-IoT device autonomously selecting the frequency band to use for communications (e.g., FL communications and BL communications) based on the measurement of harvested energy on each frequency band. For example, the A-IoT device 210 may determine, measure, or otherwise identify an amount of harvested energy across each of the available frequency bands. When the A-IoT device 210 is equipped with multiple antennas, this may be performed simultaneously across the available frequency bands. When the A-IoT device 210 is equipped with a single antenna, this may be performed at different times where the A-IoT device 210 switches the antenna between the available bands to harvest the energy from each band.
[0131] Accordingly, the A-IoT device 210 may perform measurements on each frequency band in the set of available frequency bands. The measurements may be based on the amount of harvested energy measured by the A-IoT device 210 in each available frequency band. The measurements may be based on a signal strength detected on each available frequency band (e.g., the strength of a signal from the reader detected on each frequency band) . The measurements may be based on a probability metric that the A-IoT device 210 will select a particular band for wireless communications. The measurements may be based on any combination of such factors, as well as other factors related or otherwise pertaining to the frequency band.
[0132] Accordingly, the A-IoT device 210 may select a first frequency band from the set of available frequency bands to use for wireless communications with a reader. For example, the A-IoT device 210 may compare the measurements that pertain to respective frequency bands in the set of available frequency bands. The A-IoT device 210 may compare the results of the measurements performed on each available frequency band in the set to identify or otherwise select the first frequency band to use for wireless communications (e.g., using any one measurement or a combination of the measurements) . The A-IoT device 210 may compare the amount of energy harvested from each frequency band and autonomously select the first frequency band to operate in (e.g., to use for wireless communications) .
[0133] In some aspects, the A-IoT device 210 may select each frequency band from the set of available frequency bands to use for wireless communications. That is, if the A-IoT device 210 is equipped with or otherwise supports wireless communications on multiple frequency bands, the A-IoT device 210 may select each available frequency band to use for wireless communications with the reader. For example, the A-IoT device 210 may select both the FDD-DL band and the FDD-UL band to use for wireless communications. The A-IoT device 210 may reflect information onto the CW signal from both the reader and an assisting node (e.g., using each available frequency band) . In some aspects, the A-IoT device 210 may perform the same amount of frequency shift in each of the frequency bands in this scenario (e.g., in the frequency bands that the A-IoT device 210 supports communicating in) . The A-IoT device 210 may select all of the available frequency bands to use for wireless communications based on a comparison of the measurement results performed on each frequency band.
[0134] In some aspects, the A-IoT device 210 may select one frequency band or a subset of the frequency bands in the set of available frequency bands to use for wireless communications. For example, the A-IoT device 210 may send packets via the BL frequency band by performing a frequency shift towards a target BL frequency band that the A-IoT device 210 has selected.
[0135] The amount of frequency shift to perform may depend on the CW signal location (e.g., in the frequency domain) and the target frequency band. For example, the A-IoT device 210 may select, identify or otherwise determine a frequency shift to apply to the CW signal for communications on the BL and communicate a BL signal via the BL via a second frequency band based on application of the frequency shift. The frequency shift may be based on the location of the A-IoT device 210 relative to the UE 205 or relative to the network entity 215. The frequency shift may be a zero-frequency shift, an intra-band frequency shift, or an inter-band frequency shift. The wireless communications performed in the second frequency band may be based on application of the frequency shift to the CW signal (s) obtained in the first frequency band.
[0136] In some aspects, the second frequency band may be the same frequency band as the first frequency band, where application of the CW signal received in the first frequency band creates the BL signal in the second frequency band (e.g., an intra-band frequency shift) . In some aspects, the second frequency band may be a different frequency band than the first frequency band. For example, the same frequency shift may be applied to both the BL signals transmitted in the first frequency band and the BL signals transmitted in the second frequency band. As another example, the frequency shift may be based on a target BL frequency band selected by the A-IoT device 210. In some aspects, the A-IoT device 210 may select a single frequency band as the first frequency band (e.g., only the first frequency band) to use for wireless communications. Again, application of the frequency shift may be used to obtain the second frequency band based on the CW signal received in the first frequency band. The A-IoT device 210 may not perform reflection (s) in other frequency bands (e.g., other than the selected frequency band) , in some aspects.
[0137] In some aspects, the A-IoT device 210 may transmit or otherwise output information to the reader (e.g., the UE 205 or the network entity 215) that identifies or otherwise indicates which frequency band the A-IoT device 210 has selected to use for wireless communications. For example, the A-IoT device 210 may transmit or output a BL signal that carries or otherwise conveys information identifying the selected first frequency band. As another example, the A-IoT device 210 may transmit or output a BL signal via the first frequency band (e.g., in the second frequency band based on application of the frequency shift to the CW signal received in the first frequency band) where the reader receiving the BL signal identifies that frequency band as being selected by the A-IoT device 210 to use for wireless communications.
[0138] Accordingly, the A-IoT device 210 may receive the FL signal (e.g., the CW signal) in the selected frequency band and transmit a BL signal in the selected (and indicated to the reader) frequency band. The reader (e.g., the UE 205 or the A-IoT device 210) may use the selected or otherwise indicated frequency band for future or ongoing wireless communications with the A-IoT device 210 (e.g., as an access signal in an access occasion) .
[0139] Additionally, or alternatively, aspects of the described techniques may include the reader indicating to the A-IoT device 210 the frequency band to use for wireless communications. The A-IoT device 210 may receive or otherwise obtain (e.g., from a reader) a FL signal that indicates a first frequency band to use for wireless communications. The first frequency band may be from the set of available frequency bands. When there are multiple frequency bands available for the A-IoT device 210, this method may include the reader indicating which frequency band to use for future wireless communications. The reader may indicate which A-IoT devices are to access certain frequency bands as part of resource allocations (e.g., to reduce collisions, balance load, and other benefits) . For example, the FL signal may indicate scheduling information for the CW signal in the first frequency band. Accordingly, the reader may send a FL signal to the A-IoT device 210 that explicitly indicates which frequency band to use for future wireless communications (e.g., identifies the first frequency band) .
[0140] The A-IoT device 210 receiving the indication to use the indicted frequency band may receive a FL signal and transmit a BL signal by tunning to the indicated frequency band. For example, the A-IoT device 210 may receive or otherwise obtain a CW signal on a FL via the first frequency band and determine a frequency shift to apply to the CW signal for communications on the BL. The A-IoT device 210 may communicate the BL signal on the BL via a second frequency band based on application of the frequency shift to the CW signal. That is, application of the frequency shift to the CW signal in the first frequency band may result in the BL signal in the BL in the second frequency band. In some example, the FL signal may be received from the network entity 215 and the CW signal may be received from an assisting network entity (e.g., the UE 205) .
[0141] Accordingly, this example may support a reader indicated band selection when deciding the FL or BL to be used for wireless communications with the A-IoT device 210. The reader’s FL control information to the A-IoT device 210 may include the indication of this information (e.g., identify the first frequency band to use for wireless communications.
[0142] In some aspects, the frequency band indicted by the reader may be a single frequency band to use for wireless communications. For example, the FL signal may indicate the first frequency band is for use as the FL and as the BL. In this example, the second frequency band may be the same frequency band as the first frequency band (e.g., the frequency shift is a zero-frequency shift or an intra-band frequency shift) .
[0143] In some aspects, the frequency band indicated by the reader may be two frequency bands to use for wireless communications. For example, the FL signal may indicate that the first frequency band is for use as the FL (e.g., the FL frequency band) and the second frequency band is for use as the BL (e.g., the BL frequency band) . In this example, the first frequency band may be a different frequency band than the first frequency band (e.g., the frequency shift is an inter-band frequency shift) .
[0144] In some aspects, the frequency band indicated by the reader may be two frequency bands to use for wireless communications. For example, the FL signal may indicate that the first frequency band is for use as the FL (e.g., the FL frequency band) and the second frequency band is for use as the BL (e.g., the BL frequency band) . In this example, the first frequency band may be a different frequency band than the first frequency band (e.g., the frequency shift is an intra-band frequency shift) .
[0145] That is, different frequency shifts may be applied according to the various techniques described herein. Broadly, a frequency shift may refer to the operation that the A-IoT device 210 performs when reflecting or refracting the CW signal to the reader. A small frequency shift may include a small amount of frequency shift (e.g., in the 100 (s) of kHz range) . This small frequency shift may be performed by an A-IoT device without requiring a fast clock, may consume a small amount of power, or may be performed with lower complexity. In contrast, a large frequency shift may be performed with a large amount of frequency change (e.g., in the 10 (s) of MHz range) . This amount of frequency shift may be performed by an A-IoT device with a fast-running clock, may require higher power consumption, or may be performed with a higher complexity.
[0146] FIGs. 3A-3B show examples of a band configuration 300 that supports band determination for A-IoT device in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. Band configuration 300 may implement aspects of wireless communication system 100 or wireless communication system 200. Aspects of band configuration 300 may be implemented at or implemented by an A-IoT device and a reader, which may be examples of the corresponding devices described herein. For example, the A-IoT device may be an example of an energy harvesting capable device. The reader may be an example of a network entity, a UE, or both devices where the UE acts as an assisting node and the network entity acts as the controlling node. Band configuration 300-a of FIG. 3A illustrates a non-limiting example of the A-IoT device autonomously selecting which frequency band (s) to use for wireless communications. Band configuration 300-b of FIG. 3B illustrates a non-limiting example of the reader indicating which frequency band (s) to use for wireless communications.
[0147] Referring first to band configuration 300-a of FIG. 3A, aspects of the techniques described herein provide for an A-IoT device to select or otherwise determine which frequency band to use for wireless communications from a set of available frequency bands. For example, the A-IoT device my perform measurements on each frequency band in the set of available frequency bands. The measurements may include the A-IoT device measuring or otherwise determining an amount of harvested energy, a signal strength, or based on a probability metric used for selection for each frequency band in the set. The A-IoT device may perform measurements during a measurement occasion 305 in a first frequency band (e.g., f1) . The A-IoT device may perform measurements during a measurement occasion 310 on a second frequency band (e.g., f2) . In this non-limiting example, the set of available frequency bands includes two frequency bands. However, it is to be understood that the set of available frequency bands may include a single frequency band or may include more than two frequency bands. The A-IoT device may perform the measurements during the measurement occasion 305 and during the measurement occasion 310 simultaneously (e.g., when equipped with two antennas and receive chains) or consecutively (e.g., when equipped with a single antenna) .
[0148] The A-IoT device may select, identify, or otherwise determine the first frequency band (e.g., f1, in this example) to use for wireless communications. For example, the A-IoT device may compare measurement (s) that pertain to each respective frequency band to identify or otherwise select the first frequency band to use for wireless communications. The A-IoT device may receive or otherwise obtain a CW signal via the first frequency band in a FL 315. The A-IoT device may identify or otherwise determine a frequency shift to apply to the CW signal via the FL 315 for communications on a BL 320. The A-IoT device may communicate a BL signal on the BL 320 via a second frequency band. The second frequency band may be based on application of the frequency shift to the CW signal obtained in the first frequency band. For example, the frequency shift may be a zero-frequency shift such that the second frequency band is the same frequency band as the first frequency band. The frequency shift may be an intra-band frequency shift such that the second frequency band is in the same frequency band as the first frequency shift but has been shifted in the frequency domain based on application of the frequency shift. Accordingly, the reader and the A-IoT device may perform future communications in the first frequency band (e.g. via the FL 315 and the BL 320) based on the autonomous frequency band selected by the A-IoT device.
[0149] Turning next to band configuration 300-b of FIG. 3B, aspects of the techniques described herein may include a reader-indicated frequency band to be used for wireless communications between the reader and the A-IoT device. For example, the reader may transmit or otherwise provide a FL signal 325 to the A-IoT device that carries or otherwise conveys an indication of a first frequency band (e.g., f1, in this example) to use for wireless communications. The FL signal 325 may be transmitted in the first frequency band or in a different frequency band. The FL signal 325 may be transmitted from the reader to the A-IoT device or may be transmitted from the reader to an assisting node that then forwards the FL signal 325 to the A-IoT device. The indication of the first frequency band may be provided via control signaling that identifies or otherwise indicates the scheduling information for the CW signal to be obtained on the FL 330 in the first frequency band.
[0150] The A-IoT device may receive or otherwise obtain a CW signal on a FL 330 via the first frequency band (e.g., f1, in this example) and identify or otherwise determine a frequency shift to apply to the CW signal for communications on a BL 335. The reader and A-IoT device may perform communications via a BL signal on the BL 335 via a second frequency band. Again, the second frequency band may be based on application of the frequency shift to the CW signal obtained on the FL 330.
[0151] FIG. 4 shows an example of a swim diagram 400 that supports band determination for A-IoT device in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. Swim diagram 400 may implement aspects of wireless communication system 100 or wireless communication system 200 or may implement aspects of band configuration 300. Aspects of swim diagram 400 may be performed by or performed at a reader 405 and a A-IoT device 410, which may be examples of the corresponding devices described herein.
[0152] Swim diagram 400 illustrates a non-limiting example of a reader-indicated frequency band to be used for wireless communications between the reader 405 and the A-IoT device 410. For example, at 415 the reader 405 may transmit or otherwise output (and the A-IoT device 410 may receive or otherwise obtain) a FL signal that indicates a first frequency band to use for wireless communications. The first frequency band may be from a set of frequency bands available for wireless communications between the reader 405 and the A-IoT device 410. In some aspects, the FL signal may include control information that indicates the first frequency band to be used for wireless communications. For example, the control information may include scheduling information for a CW signal to be transmitted in the first frequency band. In some aspects, the control information may indicate the first frequency band and may indicate the scheduling information for the CW signal in the first frequency band. In some aspects, the control information may indicate the scheduling information for the CW signal in the first frequency band, with the CW signal being scheduled in the first frequency band indicating that the first frequency band is to be used for wireless communications.
[0153] At 420, the reader 405 may transmit or otherwise output (and the A-IoT device 410 may receive or otherwise obtain) the CW signal on a FL in the first frequency band. For example, the CW signal may be transmitted in the first frequency band according to the scheduling information indicated in the control information provided via the FL.
[0154] The A-IoT device 410 may identify or otherwise determine a frequency shift to apply to the CW signal for communications on the BL. In this non-limiting example, the frequency shift may be a zero-frequency shift or may be an intra-band frequency shift (e.g., a small frequency shift) . The frequency shift may be a zero-frequency shift such that the second frequency band is the same as the first frequency band. The frequency shift may be an intra-band frequency shift such that the second frequency band is in the same frequency band but is offset according to application of the frequency shift to the first frequency band.
[0155] At 425 the A-IoT device 410 may transmit or otherwise output (and the reader 405 may receive or otherwise obtain) a BL signal on the BL via a second frequency band. The second frequency band in this example may be based on application of the frequency shift to the CW signal obtained on the FL. For example, the A-IoT device 410 may apply the frequency shift in the reflected or refracted BL signal to the reader 405. The A-IoT device 410 may encode information in the BL signal, such as by transmitting signals in an ON-OFF fashion that conveys the information (e.g., using a square wave-like encoding by reflecting some parts of the CW signal and not reflecting other parts of the CW signal) .
[0156] In this non-limiting example, the FL frequency band and the BL frequency band are the same frequency bands. Thus, the A-IoT device 410 may receive the FL signal and send back the BL signal in the same frequency band. Two non-limiting examples are illustrated in swim diagram 400. In the first case, both the FL frequency band and the BL frequency band are in an FDD-DL frequency band. That is, the first frequency band and the second frequency band are in the FDD-DL frequency band. Thus, the packets received in the BL are received in the FDD-DL frequency band. In the second case, both the FL frequency band and the BL frequency band are in an FDD-UL frequency band. That is, the first frequency band and the second frequency band are in the FDD-UL frequency band. Thus, the packets received in the BL are received in the FDD-UL frequency band.
[0157] FIG. 5 shows an example of a swim diagram 500 that supports band determination for A-IoT device in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. Swim diagram 500 may implement aspects of wireless communication system 100 or wireless communication system 200 or may implement aspects of band configuration 300. Aspects of swim diagram 500 may be performed by or performed at a reader 505 and a A-IoT device 510, which may be examples of the corresponding devices described herein.
[0158] Swim diagram 500 illustrates a non-limiting example of a reader-indicated frequency band to be used for wireless communications between the reader 505 and the A-IoT device 510. For example, at 515 the reader 505 may transmit or otherwise output (and the A-IoT device 510 may receive or otherwise obtain) a FL signal that indicates a first frequency band to use for wireless communications. The first frequency band may be from a set of frequency bands available for wireless communications between the reader 505 and the A-IoT device 510. In some aspects, the FL signal may include control information that indicates the first frequency band to be used for wireless communications. For example, the control information may include scheduling information for a CW signal to be transmitted in the first frequency band. In some aspects, the control information may indicate the first frequency band and may indicate the scheduling information for the CW signal in the first frequency band. In some aspects, the control information may indicate the scheduling information for the CW signal in the first frequency band, with the CW signal being scheduled in the first frequency band indicating that the first frequency band is to be used for wireless communications.
[0159] At 520, the reader 505 may transmit or otherwise output (and the A-IoT device 510 may receive or otherwise obtain) the CW signal on a FL in the first frequency band. For example, the CW signal may be transmitted in the first frequency band according to the scheduling information indicated in the control information provided via the FL.
[0160] The A-IoT device 510 may identify or otherwise determine a frequency shift to apply to the CW signal for communications on the BL. In this non-limiting example, the frequency shift may be an inter-band frequency shift (e.g., a large frequency shift) . The frequency shift may be an inter-band frequency shift such that the second frequency band is in a different frequency band than the first frequency band.
[0161] At 525 the A-IoT device 510 may transmit or otherwise output (and the reader 505 may receive or otherwise obtain) a BL signal on the BL via a second frequency band. The second frequency band in this example may be based on application of the frequency shift to the CW signal obtained on the FL. For example, the A-IoT device 510 may apply the frequency shift in the reflected or refracted BL signal to the reader 505. The A-IoT device 510 may encode information in the BL signal, such as by transmitting signals in an ON-OFF fashion that conveys the information (e.g., using a square wave-like encoding by reflecting some parts of the CW signal and not reflecting other parts of the CW signal) .
[0162] In this non-limiting example, the FL frequency band and the BL frequency band are in different frequency bands. Thus, the A-IoT device 510 may receive the FL signal in the first frequency band and send back the BL signal in the second frequency band. Two non-limiting examples are illustrated in swim diagram 500. In a third case, both the FL frequency band and the CW signal are transmitted in the first frequency band (e.g., f1, which may be the FDD-DL frequency band) while the BL is transmitted in the second frequency band (e.g., f2, which may be the FDD-UL frequency band) . That is, the first frequency band and the second frequency band are in different FDD frequency bands. Thus, the packets received in the BL may be received in the FDD-UL frequency band. In a fourth case, both the FL frequency band and the CW signal are transmitted in the first frequency band (e.g., f1, which may be the FDD-UL frequency band) while the BL is transmitted in the second frequency band (e.g., f2, which may be the FDD-DL frequency band) . That is, the first frequency band and the second frequency band are in different FDD frequency bands. Thus, the packets received in the BL may be received in the FDD-DL frequency band. This may allow for the CW signal to be used for the BL signal to be transmitted in a frequency band that is different from the frequency band that the BL signal is transmitted in (e.g., based on the large frequency shift) .
[0163] FIG. 6 shows an example of a swim diagram 600 that supports band determination for A-IoT device in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. Swim diagram 600 may implement aspects of wireless communication system 100 or wireless communication system 200 or may implement aspects of band configuration 300. Aspects of swim diagram 600 may be performed by or performed at a reader 605 and a A-IoT device 610, which may be examples of the corresponding devices described herein.
[0164] Swim diagram 600 illustrates a non-limiting example of a reader-indicated frequency band to be used for wireless communications between the reader 605 and the A-IoT device 610. For example, at 615 the reader 605 may transmit or otherwise output (and the A-IoT device 610 may receive or otherwise obtain) a FL signal that indicates a first frequency band to use for wireless communications. The first frequency band may be from a set of frequency bands available for wireless communications between the reader 605 and the A-IoT device 610. In some aspects, the FL signal may include control information that indicates the first frequency band to be used for wireless communications. For example, the control information may include scheduling information for a CW signal to be transmitted in the first frequency band. In some aspects, the control information may indicate the first frequency band and may indicate the scheduling information for the CW signal in the first frequency band. In some aspects, the control information may indicate the scheduling information for the CW signal in the first frequency band, with the CW signal being scheduled in the first frequency band indicating that the first frequency band is to be used for wireless communications.
[0165] At 620, the reader 605 may transmit or otherwise output (and the A-IoT device 610 may receive or otherwise obtain) the CW signal on a FL in the first frequency band. For example, the CW signal may be transmitted in the first frequency band according to the scheduling information indicated in the control information provided via the FL.
[0166] The A-IoT device 610 may identify or otherwise determine a frequency shift to apply to the CW signal for communications on the BL. In this non-limiting example, the frequency shift may be an intra-band frequency shift (e.g., a small frequency shift) . The frequency shift may be an intra-band frequency shift such that the second frequency band is in the same frequency band as the first frequency band but may be offset in the frequency domain based on application of the frequency shift.
[0167] At 625 the A-IoT device 610 may transmit or otherwise output (and the reader 605 may receive or otherwise obtain) a BL signal on the BL via a second frequency band. The second frequency band in this example may be based on application of the frequency shift to the CW signal obtained on the FL. For example, the A-IoT device 610 may apply the frequency shift in the reflected or refracted BL signal to the reader 605. The A-IoT device 610 may encode information in the BL signal, such as by transmitting signals in an ON-OFF fashion that conveys the information (e.g., using a square wave-like encoding by reflecting some parts of the CW signal and not reflecting other parts of the CW signal) .
[0168] In this non-limiting example, the FL frequency band used to convey the control information may be in a first frequency band and the CW signal and the BL frequency band are in the second frequency band. Thus, the A-IoT device 610 may receive the FL signal in the first frequency band, receive the CW signal and send back the BL signal in the second frequency band. Two non-limiting examples are illustrated in swim diagram 600. In a fifth case, the FL signal is received in the first frequency band (e.g., f1, which may be a FDD-DL frequency band) and the CW signal and the BL signal are transmitted in the second frequency band (e.g., f2, which may be the FDD-UL frequency band) . Thus, the packets received in the BL may be received in the FDD-UL frequency band. In a sixth case, the FL signal is received in the first frequency band (e.g., f1, which may be a FDD-UL frequency band) and the CW signal and the BL signal are transmitted in the second frequency band (e.g., f2, which may be the FDD-DL frequency band) . Thus, the packets received in the BL may be received in the FDD-DL frequency band. The CW signal to be used for the BL may be transmitted in the same frequency band as the BL signal (e.g., due to the small frequency shift) .
[0169] FIG. 7 shows an example of a swim diagram 700 that supports band determination for A-IoT device in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. Swim diagram 700 may implement aspects of wireless communication system 100 or wireless communication system 200 or may implement aspects of band configuration 300. Aspects of swim diagram 700 may be performed by or performed at a reader 705, an A-IoT device 710, and an assisting node 715, which may be examples of the corresponding devices described herein.
[0170] Swim diagram 700 illustrates a non-limiting example of a reader-indicated frequency band to be used for wireless communications between the reader 705 and the A-IoT device 710. However, swim diagram 700 illustrates an example where the CW signal is transmitted from the assisting node (e.g., an assisting node 715 or a CW transmitted) that is a different node than the reader 705. In some aspects, the reader 705 may control or otherwise manage aspects of the CW signal transmission from the assisting node 715.
[0171] For example, at 720 the reader 705 may transmit or otherwise output (and the A-IoT device 710 may receive or otherwise obtain) a FL signal that indicates a first frequency band to use for wireless communications. The first frequency band may be from a set of frequency bands available for wireless communications between the reader 705 and the A-IoT device 710. In some aspects, the FL signal may include control information that indicates the first frequency band to be used for wireless communications. For example, the control information may include scheduling information for a CW signal to be transmitted in the first frequency band. In some aspects, the control information may indicate the first frequency band and may indicate the scheduling information for the CW signal in the first frequency band. In some aspects, the control information may indicate the scheduling information for the CW signal in the first frequency band, with the CW signal being scheduled in the first frequency band indicating that the first frequency band is to be used for wireless communications.
[0172] At 725, the reader 705 may transmit or otherwise output (and the assisting node 715 may receive or otherwise obtain) a signal that indicates a first frequency band to be used for wireless communications between the reader 705 and the A-IoT device 710. For example, the signal may be transmitted via the FL or using a Uu interface. The signal may indicate control information to be used by the assisting node 715 for transmission of the CW signal to the A-IoT device 710 in the first frequency band.
[0173] At 730, the assisting node 715 may transmit or otherwise output (and the A-IoT device 710 may receive or otherwise obtain) the CW signal on a FL in the first frequency band. For example, the CW signal may be transmitted in the first frequency band according to the scheduling information indicated in the control information provided via the signal.
[0174] The A-IoT device 710 may identify or otherwise determine a frequency shift to apply to the CW signal for communications on the BL. The frequency shift may be a zero-frequency shift, an intra-band frequency shift (e.g., a small frequency shift) , or an inter-band frequency shift (e.g., a large frequency shift) .
[0175] At 735 the A-IoT device 710 may transmit or otherwise output (and the reader 705 may receive or otherwise obtain) a BL signal on the BL via a second frequency band. The second frequency band in this example may be based on application of the frequency shift to the CW signal obtained from the assisting node 715. For example, the A-IoT device 710 may apply the frequency shift in the reflected or refracted BL signal to the reader 705. The A-IoT device 610 may encode information in the BL signal, such as by transmitting signals in an ON-OFF fashion that conveys the information (e.g., using a square wave-like encoding by reflecting some parts of the CW signal and not reflecting other parts of the CW signal) .
[0176] FIG. 8 shows a block diagram 800 of a device 805 that supports band determination for A-IoT device in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 805 may be an example of aspects of a UE 115 as described herein. The device 805 may include a receiver 810, a transmitter 815, and a communications manager 820. The device 805, or one or more components of the device 805 (e.g., the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, the communications manager 820) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to, individually or collectively, support or enable the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0177] The receiver 810 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to band determination for A-IoT device) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 805. The receiver 810 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0178] The transmitter 815 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 805. For example, the transmitter 815 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to band determination for A-IoT device) . In some aspects, the transmitter 815 may be co-located with a receiver 810 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 815 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0179] The communications manager 820, the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, or various combinations or components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of band determination for A-IoT device as described herein. For example, the communications manager 820, the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, or various combinations or components thereof may be capable of performing one or more of the functions described herein.
[0180] In some aspects, the communications manager 820, the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include at least one of a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , a central processing unit (CPU) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some aspects, at least one processor and at least one memory coupled with the at least one processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by one or more processors, individually or collectively, executing instructions stored in the at least one memory) .
[0181] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 820, the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code (e.g., as communications management software or firmware) executed by at least one processor (e.g., referred to as a processor-executable code) . If implemented in code executed by at least one processor, the functions of the communications manager 820, the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure) .
[0182] In some aspects, the communications manager 820 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, or both. For example, the communications manager 820 may receive information from the receiver 810, send information to the transmitter 815, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0183] For example, the communications manager 820 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for selecting a first frequency band from a set of available frequency bands to use for wireless communication, where selection of the first frequency band is based on a comparison of measurements that pertain to respective frequency bands in the set of available frequency bands. The communications manager 820 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining a continuous wave signal on a forward link via the first frequency band. The communications manager 820 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for determining a frequency shift to apply to the continuous wave signal for communication on a backward link. The communications manager 820 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for communicating a backward link signal on the backward link via a second frequency band based on application of the frequency shift to the continuous wave signal.
[0184] For example, the communications manager 820 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining a forward link signal that indicates a first frequency band to use for wireless communication, the first frequency band being from a set of available frequency bands. The communications manager 820 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining a continuous wave signal on a forward link via the first frequency band. The communications manager 820 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for determining a frequency shift to apply to the continuous wave signal for communication on a backward link. The communications manager 820 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for communicating a backward link signal on the backward link via a second frequency band based on application of the frequency shift to the continuous wave signal.
[0185] For example, the communications manager 820 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for outputting, to an energy harvesting capable device, a continuous wave signal on a forward link via a first frequency band. The communications manager 820 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining, from the energy harvesting capable device, a backward link signal on a backward link via a second frequency band, where the second frequency band is based on application of a frequency shift to the continuous wave signal. The communications manager 820 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for selecting the first frequency band for ongoing continuous wave communication with the energy harvesting capable device based on reception of the backward link signal on the backward link via the second frequency band.
[0186] For example, the communications manager 820 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for outputting, to an energy harvesting capable device, a forward link signal that indicates a first frequency band to use for wireless communication, the first frequency band being from a set of available frequency bands. The communications manager 820 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for outputting, to the energy harvesting capable device, a continuous wave signal on a forward link via the first frequency band. The communications manager 820 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining, from the energy harvesting capable device, a backward link signal on a backward link via a second frequency band based on application of a frequency shift to the continuous wave signal.
[0187] By including or configuring the communications manager 820 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 805 (e.g., at least one processor controlling or otherwise coupled with the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, the communications manager 820, or a combination thereof) may support techniques for frequency band selection for an A-IoT device from a set of available frequency bands. The frequency band selection may be performed autonomously by the A-IoT device or may be indicated to the A-IoT device by a reader.
[0188] FIG. 9 shows a block diagram 900 of a device 905 that supports band determination for A-IoT device in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 905 may be an example of aspects of a device 805 or a UE 115 as described herein. The device 905 may include a receiver 910, a transmitter 915, and a communications manager 920. The device 905, or one of more components of the device 905 (e.g., the receiver 910, the transmitter 915, the communications manager 920) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to support the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0189] The receiver 910 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to band determination for A-IoT device) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 905. The receiver 910 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0190] The transmitter 915 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 905. For example, the transmitter 915 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to band determination for A-IoT device) . In some aspects, the transmitter 915 may be co-located with a receiver 910 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 915 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0191] The device 905, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of band determination for A-IoT device as described herein. For example, the communications manager 920 may include a band selection manager 925 a band indication manager 930, or any combination thereof. The communications manager 920 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 820 as described herein. In some aspects, the communications manager 920, or various components thereof, may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 910, the transmitter 915, or both. For example, the communications manager 920 may receive information from the receiver 910, send information to the transmitter 915, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 910, the transmitter 915, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0192] The band selection manager 925 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for selecting a first frequency band from a set of available frequency bands to use for wireless communication, where selection of the first frequency band is based on a comparison of measurements that pertain to respective frequency bands in the set of available frequency bands. The band selection manager 925 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining a continuous wave signal on a forward link via the first frequency band. The band selection manager 925 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for determining a frequency shift to apply to the continuous wave signal for communication on a backward link. The band selection manager 925 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for communicating a backward link signal on the backward link via a second frequency band based on application of the frequency shift to the continuous wave signal.
[0193] The band indication manager 930 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining a forward link signal that indicates a first frequency band to use for wireless communication, the first frequency band being from a set of available frequency bands. The band indication manager 930 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining a continuous wave signal on a forward link via the first frequency band. The band indication manager 930 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for determining a frequency shift to apply to the continuous wave signal for communication on a backward link. The band indication manager 930 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for communicating a backward link signal on the backward link via a second frequency band based on application of the frequency shift to the continuous wave signal.
[0194] The band selection manager 925 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for outputting, to an energy harvesting capable device, a continuous wave signal on a forward link via a first frequency band. The band selection manager 925 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining, from the energy harvesting capable device, a backward link signal on a backward link via a second frequency band, where the second frequency band is based on application of a frequency shift to the continuous wave signal. The band selection manager 925 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for selecting the first frequency band for ongoing continuous wave communication with the energy harvesting capable device based on reception of the backward link signal on the backward link via the second frequency band.
[0195] The band indication manager 930 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for outputting, to an energy harvesting capable device, a forward link signal that indicates a first frequency band to use for wireless communication, the first frequency band being from a set of available frequency bands. The band indication manager 930 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for outputting, to the energy harvesting capable device, a continuous wave signal on a forward link via the first frequency band. The band indication manager 930 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining, from the energy harvesting capable device, a backward link signal on a backward link via a second frequency band based on application of a frequency shift to the continuous wave signal.
[0196] FIG. 10 shows a block diagram 1000 of a communications manager 1020 that supports band determination for A-IoT device in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The communications manager 1020 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 820, a communications manager 920, or both, as described herein. The communications manager 1020, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of band determination for A-IoT device as described herein. For example, the communications manager 1020 may include a band selection manager 1025, a band indication manager 1030, a band measurement manager 1035, or any combination thereof. Each of these components, or components or subcomponents thereof (e.g., one or more processors, one or more memories) , may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0197] The band selection manager 1025 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for selecting a first frequency band from a set of available frequency bands to use for wireless communication, where selection of the first frequency band is based on a comparison of measurements that pertain to respective frequency bands in the set of available frequency bands. In some aspects, the band selection manager 1025 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining a continuous wave signal on a forward link via the first frequency band. In some aspects, the band selection manager 1025 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for determining a frequency shift to apply to the continuous wave signal for communication on a backward link. In some aspects, the band selection manager 1025 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for communicating a backward link signal on the backward link via a second frequency band based on application of the frequency shift to the continuous wave signal.
[0198] In some aspects, to support selecting the first frequency band, the band selection manager 1025 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for selecting all frequency bands in the set of available frequency bands to use for wireless communication based on the comparison of measurements.
[0199] In some aspects, to support selecting the first frequency band, the band selection manager 1025 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for selecting a subset of frequency bands from the set of available frequency bands to use for wireless communication based on the comparison of measurements, where the subset of frequency bands includes the first frequency band.
[0200] In some aspects, to support selecting the first frequency band, the band selection manager 1025 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for selecting only the first frequency band from the set of available frequency bands to use for wireless communication based on the comparison of measurements.
[0201] In some aspects, the frequency shift includes a zero-frequency shift, an intra-band frequency shift, or an inter-band frequency shift. In some aspects, the second frequency band is a same frequency band as the first frequency band. In some aspects, future wireless communication are performed in the second frequency band based on application of the frequency shift to future continuous wave signals obtained in the first frequency band. In some aspects, the second frequency band is a different frequency band as the first frequency band. In some aspects, the frequency shift is a same frequency shift applied to both the first frequency band and the second frequency band. In some aspects, the frequency shift is based on a target backward link frequency band selected by the energy harvesting capable device. In some aspects, the frequency shift is based on a location of the energy harvesting capable device relative to a network entity, on the second frequency band, or both.
[0202] In some aspects, the band measurement manager 1035 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for performing measurements on each frequency band in the set of available frequency bands. In some aspects, the measurements include an amount of harvested energy, a signal strength, a selection probability metric, or any combination thereof.
[0203] The band indication manager 1030 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining a forward link signal that indicates a first frequency band to use for wireless communication, the first frequency band being from a set of available frequency bands. In some aspects, the band indication manager 1030 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining a continuous wave signal on a forward link via the first frequency band. In some aspects, the band indication manager 1030 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for determining a frequency shift to apply to the continuous wave signal for communication on a backward link. In some aspects, the band indication manager 1030 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for communicating a backward link signal on the backward link via a second frequency band based on application of the frequency shift to the continuous wave signal.
[0204] In some aspects, the forward link signal indicates scheduling information for the continuous wave signal. In some aspects, the forward link signal indicates that the first frequency band is for use as the forward link and as the backward link. In some aspects, the second frequency band is a same frequency band as the first frequency band. In some aspects, the frequency shift includes an intra-band frequency shift. In some aspects, the forward link signal indicates that the first frequency band is for use as the forward link and that the second frequency band is for use as the backward link. In some aspects, the second frequency band is a different frequency band than the first frequency band. In some aspects, the frequency shift includes an inter-band frequency shift.
[0205] In some aspects, the forward link signal indicates that the first frequency band is for use as the forward link and that the second frequency band is for use as the backward link. In some aspects, the second frequency band is a different frequency band than the first frequency band. In some aspects, the frequency shift includes an intra-band frequency shift. In some aspects, the forward link signal is received from a network entity and the continuous wave signal is received from an assisting network entity.
[0206] In some aspects, the band selection manager 1025 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for outputting, to an energy harvesting capable device, a continuous wave signal on a forward link via a first frequency band. In some aspects, the band selection manager 1025 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining, from the energy harvesting capable device, a backward link signal on a backward link via a second frequency band, where the second frequency band is based on application of a frequency shift to the continuous wave signal. In some aspects, the band selection manager 1025 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for selecting the first frequency band for ongoing continuous wave communication with the energy harvesting capable device based on reception of the backward link signal on the backward link via the second frequency band. In some aspects, the second frequency band is a same frequency band as the first frequency band. In some aspects, the second frequency band is a different frequency band as the first frequency band.
[0207] In some aspects, the band indication manager 1030 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for outputting, to an energy harvesting capable device, a forward link signal that indicates a first frequency band to use for wireless communication, the first frequency band being from a set of available frequency bands. In some aspects, the band indication manager 1030 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for outputting, to the energy harvesting capable device, a continuous wave signal on a forward link via the first frequency band. In some aspects, the band indication manager 1030 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining, from the energy harvesting capable device, a backward link signal on a backward link via a second frequency band based on application of a frequency shift to the continuous wave signal.
[0208] In some aspects, the forward link signal indicates scheduling information for the continuous wave signal. In some aspects, the forward link signal indicates that the first frequency band is for use as the forward link and as the backward link. In some aspects, the second frequency band is a same frequency band as the first frequency band. In some aspects, the frequency shift includes an intra-band frequency shift. In some aspects, the forward link signal indicates the first frequency band is for use as the forward link and the second frequency band is for use as the backward link. In some aspects, the second frequency band is a different frequency band than the first frequency band. In some aspects, the frequency shift includes an inter-band frequency shift.
[0209] In some aspects, the forward link signal indicates the first frequency band is for use as the forward link and the second frequency band is for use as the backward link. In some aspects, the second frequency band is a different frequency band than the first frequency band. In some aspects, the frequency shift includes an intra-band frequency shift. In some aspects, the forward link signal is output from the network entity and the continuous wave signal is output from an assisting network entity.
[0210] FIG. 11 shows a diagram of a system 1100 including a device 1105 that supports band determination for A-IoT device in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1105 may be an example of or include components of a device 805, a device 905, or a UE 115 as described herein. The device 1105 may communicate (e.g., wirelessly) with one or more other devices (e.g., network entities 105, UEs 115, or a combination thereof) . The device 1105 may include components for bi-directional voice and data communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a communications manager 1120, an input / output (I / O) controller, such as an I / O controller 1110, a transceiver 1115, one or more antennas 1125, at least one memory 1130, code 1135, and at least one processor 1140. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 1145) .
[0211] The I / O controller 1110 may manage input and output signals for the device 1105. The I / O controller 1110 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device 1105. In some cases, the I / O controller 1110 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some cases, the I / O controller 1110 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. Additionally, or alternatively, the I / O controller 1110 may represent or interact with a modem, a keyboard, a mouse, a touchscreen, or a similar device. In some cases, the I / O controller 1110 may be implemented as part of one or more processors, such as the at least one processor 1140. In some cases, a user may interact with the device 1105 via the I / O controller 1110 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 1110.
[0212] In some cases, the device 1105 may include a single antenna. However, in some other cases, the device 1105 may have more than one antenna, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 1115 may communicate bi-directionally via the one or more antennas 1125 using wired or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 1115 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 1115 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 1125 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 1125. The transceiver 1115, or the transceiver 1115 and one or more antennas 1125, may be an example of a transmitter 815, a transmitter 915, a receiver 810, a receiver 910, or any combination thereof or component thereof, as described herein.
[0213] The at least one memory 1130 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The at least one memory 1130 may store computer-readable, computer-executable, or processor-executable code, such as the code 1135. The code 1135 may include instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor 1140, cause the device 1105 to perform various functions described herein. The code 1135 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 1135 may not be directly executable by the at least one processor 1140 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some cases, the at least one memory 1130 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0214] The at least one processor 1140 may include one or more intelligent hardware devices (e.g., one or more general-purpose processors, one or more DSPs, one or more central processing units (CPUs) , one or more graphics processing units (GPUs) , one or more neural processing units (NPUs) (also referred to as neural network processors or deep learning processors (DLPs) ) , one or more microcontrollers, one or more ASICs, one or more FPGAs, one or more programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic, one or more discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof) . In some cases, the at least one processor 1140 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into the at least one processor 1140. The at least one processor 1140 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the at least one memory 1130) to cause the device 1105 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting band determination for A-IoT device) . For example, the device 1105 or a component of the device 1105 may include at least one processor 1140 and at least one memory 1130 coupled with or to the at least one processor 1140, the at least one processor 1140 and the at least one memory 1130 configured to perform various functions described herein. In some aspects, the at least one processor 1140 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory 1130 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some aspects, the at least one processor 1140 may be a component of a processing system, which may refer to a system (such as a series) of machines, circuitry (including, for example, one or both of processor circuitry (which may include the at least one processor 1140) and memory circuitry (which may include the at least one memory 1130) ) , or components, that receives or obtains inputs and processes the inputs to produce, generate, or obtain a set of outputs. The processing system may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein. For example, the at least one processor 1140 or a processing system including the at least one processor 1140 may be configured to, configurable to, or operable to cause the device 1105 to perform one or more of the functions described herein. Further, as described herein, being “configured to, ” being “configurable to, ” and being “operable to” may be used interchangeably and may be associated with a capability, when executing code 1135 (e.g., processor-executable code) stored in the at least one memory 1130 or otherwise, to perform one or more of the functions described herein.
[0215] For example, the communications manager 1120 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for selecting a first frequency band from a set of available frequency bands to use for wireless communication, where selection of the first frequency band is based on a comparison of measurements that pertain to respective frequency bands in the set of available frequency bands. The communications manager 1120 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining a continuous wave signal on a forward link via the first frequency band. The communications manager 1120 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for determining a frequency shift to apply to the continuous wave signal for communication on a backward link. The communications manager 1120 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for communicating a backward link signal on the backward link via a second frequency band based on application of the frequency shift to the continuous wave signal.
[0216] For example, the communications manager 1120 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining a forward link signal that indicates a first frequency band to use for wireless communication, the first frequency band being from a set of available frequency bands. The communications manager 1120 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining a continuous wave signal on a forward link via the first frequency band. The communications manager 1120 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for determining a frequency shift to apply to the continuous wave signal for communication on a backward link. The communications manager 1120 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for communicating a backward link signal on the backward link via a second frequency band based on application of the frequency shift to the continuous wave signal.
[0217] For example, the communications manager 1120 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for outputting, to an energy harvesting capable device, a continuous wave signal on a forward link via a first frequency band. The communications manager 1120 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining, from the energy harvesting capable device, a backward link signal on a backward link via a second frequency band, where the second frequency band is based on application of a frequency shift to the continuous wave signal. The communications manager 1120 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for selecting the first frequency band for ongoing continuous wave communication with the energy harvesting capable device based on reception of the backward link signal on the backward link via the second frequency band.
[0218] For example, the communications manager 1120 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for outputting, to an energy harvesting capable device, a forward link signal that indicates a first frequency band to use for wireless communication, the first frequency band being from a set of available frequency bands. The communications manager 1120 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for outputting, to the energy harvesting capable device, a continuous wave signal on a forward link via the first frequency band. The communications manager 1120 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining, from the energy harvesting capable device, a backward link signal on a backward link via a second frequency band based on application of a frequency shift to the continuous wave signal.
[0219] By including or configuring the communications manager 1120 in accordance with aspects as described herein, the device 1105 may support techniques for frequency band selection for an A-IoT device from a set of available frequency bands. The frequency band selection may be performed autonomously by the A-IoT device or may be indicated to the A-IoT device by a reader.
[0220] In some aspects, the communications manager 1120 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, monitoring, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the transceiver 1115, the one or more antennas 1125, or any combination thereof. Although the communications manager 1120 is illustrated as a separate component, in some aspects, one or more functions described with reference to the communications manager 1120 may be supported by or performed by the at least one processor 1140, the at least one memory 1130, the code 1135, or any combination thereof. For example, the code 1135 may include instructions executable by the at least one processor 1140 to cause the device 1105 to perform various aspects of band determination for A-IoT device as described herein, or the at least one processor 1140 and the at least one memory 1130 may be otherwise configured to, individually or collectively, perform or support such operations.
[0221] FIG. 12 shows a block diagram 1200 of a device 1205 that supports band determination for A-IoT device in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1205 may be an example of aspects of a network entity 105 as described herein. The device 1205 may include a receiver 1210, a transmitter 1215, and a communications manager 1220. The device 1205, or one or more components of the device 1205 (e.g., the receiver 1210, the transmitter 1215, the communications manager 1220) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to, individually or collectively, support or enable the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0222] The receiver 1210 may provide a means for obtaining (e.g., receiving, determining, identifying) information such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units) associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 1205. In some aspects, the receiver 1210 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more antennas. Additionally, or alternatively, the receiver 1210 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof.
[0223] The transmitter 1215 may provide a means for outputting (e.g., transmitting, providing, conveying, sending) information generated by other components of the device 1205. For example, the transmitter 1215 may output information such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units) associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack) . In some aspects, the transmitter 1215 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more antennas. Additionally, or alternatively, the transmitter 1215 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. In some aspects, the transmitter 1215 and the receiver 1210 may be co-located in a transceiver, which may include or be coupled with a modem.
[0224] The communications manager 1220, the receiver 1210, the transmitter 1215, or various combinations or components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of band determination for A-IoT device as described herein. For example, the communications manager 1220, the receiver 1210, the transmitter 1215, or various combinations or components thereof may be capable of performing one or more of the functions described herein.
[0225] In some aspects, the communications manager 1220, the receiver 1210, the transmitter 1215, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include at least one of a processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some aspects, at least one processor and at least one memory coupled with the at least one processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by one or more processors, individually or collectively, executing instructions stored in the at least one memory) .
[0226] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 1220, the receiver 1210, the transmitter 1215, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code (e.g., as communications management software or firmware) executed by at least one processor (e.g., referred to as a processor-executable code) . If implemented in code executed by at least one processor, the functions of the communications manager 1220, the receiver 1210, the transmitter 1215, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure) .
[0227] In some aspects, the communications manager 1220 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 1210, the transmitter 1215, or both. For example, the communications manager 1220 may receive information from the receiver 1210, send information to the transmitter 1215, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 1210, the transmitter 1215, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0228] For example, the communications manager 1220 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for outputting, to an energy harvesting capable device, a continuous wave signal on a forward link via a first frequency band. The communications manager 1220 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining, from the energy harvesting capable device, a backward link signal on a backward link via a second frequency band, where the second frequency band is based on application of a frequency shift to the continuous wave signal. The communications manager 1220 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for selecting the first frequency band for ongoing continuous wave communication with the energy harvesting capable device based on reception of the backward link signal on the backward link via the second frequency band.
[0229] For example, the communications manager 1220 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for outputting, to an energy harvesting capable device, a forward link signal that indicates a first frequency band to use for wireless communication, the first frequency band being from a set of available frequency bands. The communications manager 1220 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for outputting, to the energy harvesting capable device, a continuous wave signal on a forward link via the first frequency band. The communications manager 1220 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining, from the energy harvesting capable device, a backward link signal on a backward link via a second frequency band based on application of a frequency shift to the continuous wave signal.
[0230] By including or configuring the communications manager 1220 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 1205 (e.g., at least one processor controlling or otherwise coupled with the receiver 1210, the transmitter 1215, the communications manager 1220, or a combination thereof) may support techniques for frequency band selection for an A-IoT device from a set of available frequency bands. The frequency band selection may be performed autonomously by the A-IoT device or may be indicated to the A-IoT device by a reader.
[0231] FIG. 13 shows a block diagram 1300 of a device 1305 that supports band determination for A-IoT device in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1305 may be an example of aspects of a device 1205 or a network entity 105 as described herein. The device 1305 may include a receiver 1310, a transmitter 1315, and a communications manager 1320. The device 1305, or one of more components of the device 1305 (e.g., the receiver 1310, the transmitter 1315, the communications manager 1320) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to support the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0232] The receiver 1310 may provide a means for obtaining (e.g., receiving, determining, identifying) information such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units) associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 1305. In some aspects, the receiver 1310 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more antennas. Additionally, or alternatively, the receiver 1310 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof.
[0233] The transmitter 1315 may provide a means for outputting (e.g., transmitting, providing, conveying, sending) information generated by other components of the device 1305. For example, the transmitter 1315 may output information such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units) associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack) . In some aspects, the transmitter 1315 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more antennas. Additionally, or alternatively, the transmitter 1315 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. In some aspects, the transmitter 1315 and the receiver 1310 may be co-located in a transceiver, which may include or be coupled with a modem.
[0234] The device 1305, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of band determination for A-IoT device as described herein. For example, the communications manager 1320 may include a band selection manager 1325 a band indication manager 1330, or any combination thereof. The communications manager 1320 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 1220 as described herein. In some aspects, the communications manager 1320, or various components thereof, may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 1310, the transmitter 1315, or both. For example, the communications manager 1320 may receive information from the receiver 1310, send information to the transmitter 1315, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 1310, the transmitter 1315, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0235] The band selection manager 1325 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for outputting, to an energy harvesting capable device, a continuous wave signal on a forward link via a first frequency band. The band selection manager 1325 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining, from the energy harvesting capable device, a backward link signal on a backward link via a second frequency band, where the second frequency band is based on application of a frequency shift to the continuous wave signal. The band selection manager 1325 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for selecting the first frequency band for ongoing continuous wave communication with the energy harvesting capable device based on reception of the backward link signal on the backward link via the second frequency band.
[0236] The band indication manager 1330 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for outputting, to an energy harvesting capable device, a forward link signal that indicates a first frequency band to use for wireless communication, the first frequency band being from a set of available frequency bands. The band indication manager 1330 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for outputting, to the energy harvesting capable device, a continuous wave signal on a forward link via the first frequency band. The band indication manager 1330 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining, from the energy harvesting capable device, a backward link signal on a backward link via a second frequency band based on application of a frequency shift to the continuous wave signal.
[0237] FIG. 14 shows a block diagram 1400 of a communications manager 1420 that supports band determination for A-IoT device in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The communications manager 1420 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 1220, a communications manager 1320, or both, as described herein. The communications manager 1420, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of band determination for A-IoT device as described herein. For example, the communications manager 1420 may include a band selection manager 1425 a band indication manager 1430, or any combination thereof. Each of these components, or components or subcomponents thereof (e.g., one or more processors, one or more memories) , may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) . The communications may include communications within a protocol layer of a protocol stack, communications associated with a logical channel of a protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of a protocol stack, within a device, component, or virtualized component associated with a network entity 105, between devices, components, or virtualized components associated with a network entity 105) , or any combination thereof.
[0238] The band selection manager 1425 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for outputting, to an energy harvesting capable device, a continuous wave signal on a forward link via a first frequency band. In some aspects, the band selection manager 1425 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining, from the energy harvesting capable device, a backward link signal on a backward link via a second frequency band, where the second frequency band is based on application of a frequency shift to the continuous wave signal. In some aspects, the band selection manager 1425 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for selecting the first frequency band for ongoing continuous wave communication with the energy harvesting capable device based on reception of the backward link signal on the backward link via the second frequency band. In some aspects, the second frequency band is a same frequency band as the first frequency band. In some aspects, the second frequency band is a different frequency band as the first frequency band.
[0239] The band indication manager 1430 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for outputting, to an energy harvesting capable device, a forward link signal that indicates a first frequency band to use for wireless communication, the first frequency band being from a set of available frequency bands. In some aspects, the band indication manager 1430 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for outputting, to the energy harvesting capable device, a continuous wave signal on a forward link via the first frequency band. In some aspects, the band indication manager 1430 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining, from the energy harvesting capable device, a backward link signal on a backward link via a second frequency band based on application of a frequency shift to the continuous wave signal.
[0240] In some aspects, the forward link signal indicates scheduling information for the continuous wave signal. In some aspects, the forward link signal indicates that the first frequency band is for use as the forward link and as the backward link. In some aspects, the second frequency band is a same frequency band as the first frequency band. In some aspects, the frequency shift includes an intra-band frequency shift. In some aspects, the forward link signal indicates the first frequency band is for use as the forward link and the second frequency band is for use as the backward link. In some aspects, the second frequency band is a different frequency band than the first frequency band. In some aspects, the frequency shift includes an inter-band frequency shift.
[0241] In some aspects, the forward link signal indicates the first frequency band is for use as the forward link and the second frequency band is for use as the backward link. In some aspects, the second frequency band is a different frequency band than the first frequency band. In some aspects, the frequency shift includes an intra-band frequency shift. In some aspects, the forward link signal is output from the network entity and the continuous wave signal is output from an assisting network entity.
[0242] FIG. 15 shows a diagram of a system 1500 including a device 1505 that supports band determination for A-IoT device in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1505 may be an example of or include components of a device 1205, a device 1305, or a network entity 105 as described herein. The device 1505 may communicate with other network devices or network equipment such as one or more of the network entities 105, UEs 115, or any combination thereof. The communications may include communications over one or more wired interfaces, over one or more wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. The device 1505 may include components that support outputting and obtaining communications, such as a communications manager 1520, a transceiver 1510, one or more antennas 1515, at least one memory 1525, code 1530, and at least one processor 1535. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 1540) .
[0243] The transceiver 1510 may support bi-directional communications via wired links, wireless links, or both as described herein. In some aspects, the transceiver 1510 may include a wired transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wired transceiver. Additionally, or alternatively, in some aspects, the transceiver 1510 may include a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. In some aspects, the device 1505 may include one or more antennas 1515, which may be capable of transmitting or receiving wireless transmissions (e.g., concurrently) . The transceiver 1510 may also include a modem to modulate signals, to provide the modulated signals for transmission (e.g., by one or more antennas 1515, by a wired transmitter) , to receive modulated signals (e.g., from one or more antennas 1515, from a wired receiver) , and to demodulate signals. In some one or more interfaces coupled with the one or more antennas 1515 that are configured to support various receiving or obtaining operations, or one or more interfaces coupled with the one or more antennas 1515 that are configured to support various transmitting or outputting operations, or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 1510 may include or be configured for coupling with one or more processors or one or more memory components that are operable to perform or support operations based on received or obtained information or signals, or to generate information or other signals for transmission or other outputting, or any combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 1510, or the transceiver 1510 and the one or more antennas 1515, or the transceiver 1510 and the one or more antennas 1515 and one or more processors or one or more memory components (e.g., the at least one processor 1535, the at least one memory 1525, or both) , may be included in a chip or chip assembly that is installed in the device 1505. In some aspects, the transceiver 1510 may be operable to support communications via one or more communications links (e.g., communication link (s) 125, backhaul communication link (s) 120, a midhaul communication link 162, a fronthaul communication link 168) .
[0244] The at least one memory 1525 may include RAM, ROM, or any combination thereof. The at least one memory 1525 may store computer-readable, computer-executable, or processor-executable code, such as the code 1530. The code 1530 may include instructions that, when executed by one or more of the at least one processor 1535, cause the device 1505 to perform various functions described herein. The code 1530 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 1530 may not be directly executable by a processor of the at least one processor 1535 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some cases, the at least one memory 1525 may include, among other things, a BIOS which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices. In some aspects, the at least one processor 1535 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory 1525 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein (for example, as part of a processing system) .
[0245] The at least one processor 1535 may include one or more intelligent hardware devices (e.g., one or more general-purpose processors, one or more DSPs, one or more central processing units (CPUs) , one or more graphics processing units (GPUs) , one or more neural processing units (NPUs) (also referred to as neural network processors or deep learning processors (DLPs) ) , one or more microcontrollers, one or more ASICs, one or more FPGAs, one or more programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic, one or more discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof) . In some cases, the at least one processor 1535 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into one or more of the at least one processor 1535. The at least one processor 1535 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., one or more of the at least one memory 1525) to cause the device 1505 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting band determination for A-IoT device) . For example, the device 1505 or a component of the device 1505 may include at least one processor 1535 and at least one memory 1525 coupled with one or more of the at least one processor 1535, the at least one processor 1535 and the at least one memory 1525 configured to perform various functions described herein. The at least one processor 1535 may be an example of a cloud-computing platform (e.g., one or more physical nodes and supporting software such as operating systems, virtual machines, or container instances) that may host the functions (e.g., by executing code 1530) to perform the functions of the device 1505. The at least one processor 1535 may be any one or more suitable processors capable of executing scripts or instructions of one or more software programs stored in the device 1505 (such as within one or more of the at least one memory 1525) . In some aspects, the at least one processor 1535 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory 1525 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein. In some aspects, the at least one processor 1535 may be a component of a processing system, which may refer to a system (such as a series) of machines, circuitry (including, for example, one or both of processor circuitry (which may include the at least one processor 1535) and memory circuitry (which may include the at least one memory 1525) ) , or components, that receives or obtains inputs and processes the inputs to produce, generate, or obtain a set of outputs. The processing system may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein. For example, the at least one processor 1535 or a processing system including the at least one processor 1535 may be configured to, configurable to, or operable to cause the device 1505 to perform one or more of the functions described herein. Further, as described herein, being “configured to, ” being “configurable to, ” and being “operable to” may be used interchangeably and may be associated with a capability, when executing code stored in the at least one memory 1525 or otherwise, to perform one or more of the functions described herein.
[0246] In some aspects, a bus 1540 may support communications of (e.g., within) a protocol layer of a protocol stack. In some aspects, a bus 1540 may support communications associated with a logical channel of a protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of a protocol stack) , which may include communications performed within a component of the device 1505, or between different components of the device 1505 that may be co-located or located in different locations (e.g., where the device 1505 may refer to a system in which one or more of the communications manager 1520, the transceiver 1510, the at least one memory 1525, the code 1530, and the at least one processor 1535 may be located in one of the different components or divided between different components) .
[0247] In some aspects, the communications manager 1520 may manage aspects of communications with a core network 130 (e.g., via one or more wired or wireless backhaul links) . For example, the communications manager 1520 may manage the transfer of data communications for client devices, such as one or more UEs 115. In some aspects, the communications manager 1520 may manage communications with one or more other network devices, and may include a controller or scheduler for controlling communications with UEs 115 (e.g., in cooperation with the one or more other network devices) . In some aspects, the communications manager 1520 may support an X2 interface within an LTE / LTE-A wireless communications network technology to provide communication between network entities 105.
[0248] For example, the communications manager 1520 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for outputting, to an energy harvesting capable device, a continuous wave signal on a forward link via a first frequency band. The communications manager 1520 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining, from the energy harvesting capable device, a backward link signal on a backward link via a second frequency band, where the second frequency band is based on application of a frequency shift to the continuous wave signal. The communications manager 1520 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for selecting the first frequency band for ongoing continuous wave communication with the energy harvesting capable device based on reception of the backward link signal on the backward link via the second frequency band.
[0249] For example, the communications manager 1520 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for outputting, to an energy harvesting capable device, a forward link signal that indicates a first frequency band to use for wireless communication, the first frequency band being from a set of available frequency bands. The communications manager 1520 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for outputting, to the energy harvesting capable device, a continuous wave signal on a forward link via the first frequency band. The communications manager 1520 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for obtaining, from the energy harvesting capable device, a backward link signal on a backward link via a second frequency band based on application of a frequency shift to the continuous wave signal.
[0250] By including or configuring the communications manager 1520 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 1505 may support techniques for frequency band selection for an A-IoT device from a set of available frequency bands. The frequency band selection may be performed autonomously by the A-IoT device or may be indicated to the A-IoT device by a reader.
[0251] In some aspects, the communications manager 1520 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the transceiver 1510, the one or more antennas 1515 (e.g., where applicable) , or any combination thereof. Although the communications manager 1520 is illustrated as a separate component, in some aspects, one or more functions described with reference to the communications manager 1520 may be supported by or performed by the transceiver 1510, one or more of the at least one processor 1535, one or more of the at least one memory 1525, the code 1530, or any combination thereof (for example, by a processing system including at least a portion of the at least one processor 1535, the at least one memory 1525, the code 1530, or any combination thereof) . For example, the code 1530 may include instructions executable by one or more of the at least one processor 1535 to cause the device 1505 to perform various aspects of band determination for A-IoT device as described herein, or the at least one processor 1535 and the at least one memory 1525 may be otherwise configured to, individually or collectively, perform or support such operations.
[0252] FIG. 16 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1600 that supports band determination for A-IoT device in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1600 may be implemented by a UE or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1600 may be performed by a UE 115 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 11. In some aspects, a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0253] At 1605, the method may include selecting a first frequency band from a set of available frequency bands to use for wireless communication, where selection of the first frequency band is based on a comparison of measurements that pertain to respective frequency bands in the set of available frequency bands. The operations of 1605 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some aspects, aspects of the operations of 1605 may be performed by a band selection manager 1025 as described with reference to FIG. 10.
[0254] At 1610, the method may include obtaining a continuous wave signal on a forward link via the first frequency band. The operations of 1610 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some aspects, aspects of the operations of 1610 may be performed by a band selection manager 1025 as described with reference to FIG. 10.
[0255] At 1615, the method may include determining a frequency shift to apply to the continuous wave signal for communication on a backward link. The operations of 1615 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some aspects, aspects of the operations of 1615 may be performed by a band selection manager 1025 as described with reference to FIG. 10.
[0256] At 1620, the method may include communicating a backward link signal on the backward link via a second frequency band based on application of the frequency shift to the continuous wave signal. The operations of 1620 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some aspects, aspects of the operations of 1620 may be performed by a band selection manager 1025 as described with reference to FIG. 10.
[0257] FIG. 17 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1700 that supports band determination for A-IoT device in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1700 may be implemented by a UE or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1700 may be performed by a UE 115 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 11. In some aspects, a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0258] At 1705, the method may include obtaining a forward link signal that indicates a first frequency band to use for wireless communication, the first frequency band being from a set of available frequency bands. The operations of 1705 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some aspects, aspects of the operations of 1705 may be performed by a band indication manager 1030 as described with reference to FIG. 10.
[0259] At 1710, the method may include obtaining a continuous wave signal on a forward link via the first frequency band. The operations of 1710 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some aspects, aspects of the operations of 1710 may be performed by a band indication manager 1030 as described with reference to FIG. 10.
[0260] At 1715, the method may include determining a frequency shift to apply to the continuous wave signal for communication on a backward link. The operations of 1715 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some aspects, aspects of the operations of 1715 may be performed by a band indication manager 1030 as described with reference to FIG. 10.
[0261] At 1720, the method may include communicating a backward link signal on the backward link via a second frequency band based on application of the frequency shift to the continuous wave signal. The operations of 1720 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some aspects, aspects of the operations of 1720 may be performed by a band indication manager 1030 as described with reference to FIG. 10.
[0262] FIG. 18 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1800 that supports band determination for A-IoT device in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1800 may be implemented by a UE or a network entity or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1800 may be performed by a UE 115 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 11 or a network entity as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 7 and 12 through 15. In some aspects, a UE or a network entity may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE or the network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE or the network entity may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0263] At 1805, the method may include outputting, to an energy harvesting capable device, a continuous wave signal on a forward link via a first frequency band. The operations of 1805 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some aspects, aspects of the operations of 1805 may be performed by a band selection manager 1025 or a band selection manager 1425 as described with reference to FIGs. 10 and 14.
[0264] At 1810, the method may include obtaining, from the energy harvesting capable device, a backward link signal on a backward link via a second frequency band, where the second frequency band is based on application of a frequency shift to the continuous wave signal. The operations of 1810 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some aspects, aspects of the operations of 1810 may be performed by a band selection manager 1025 or a band selection manager 1425 as described with reference to FIGs. 10 and 14.
[0265] At 1815, the method may include selecting the first frequency band for ongoing continuous wave communication with the energy harvesting capable device based on reception of the backward link signal on the backward link via the second frequency band. The operations of 1815 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some aspects, aspects of the operations of 1815 may be performed by a band selection manager 1025 or a band selection manager 1425 as described with reference to FIGs. 10 and 14.
[0266] FIG. 19 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1900 that supports band determination for A-IoT device in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1900 may be implemented by a UE or a network entity or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1900 may be performed by a UE 115 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 11 or a network entity as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 7 and 12 through 15. In some aspects, a UE or a network entity may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE or the network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE or the network entity may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0267] At 1905, the method may include outputting, to an energy harvesting capable device, a forward link signal that indicates a first frequency band to use for wireless communication, the first frequency band being from a set of available frequency bands. The operations of 1905 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some aspects, aspects of the operations of 1905 may be performed by a band indication manager 1030 or a band indication manager 1430 as described with reference to FIGs. 10 and 14.
[0268] At 1910, the method may include outputting, to the energy harvesting capable device, a continuous wave signal on a forward link via the first frequency band. The operations of 1910 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some aspects, aspects of the operations of 1910 may be performed by a band indication manager 1030 or a band indication manager 1430 as described with reference to FIGs. 10 and 14.
[0269] At 1915, the method may include obtaining, from the energy harvesting capable device, a backward link signal on a backward link via a second frequency band based on application of a frequency shift to the continuous wave signal. The operations of 1915 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some aspects, aspects of the operations of 1915 may be performed by a band indication manager 1030 or a band indication manager 1430 as described with reference to FIGs. 10 and 14.
[0270] The following provides an overview of aspects of the present disclosure:
[0271] Aspect 1: A method of wireless communication performed by an energy harvesting capable device, comprising: selecting a first frequency band from a set of available frequency bands to use for wireless communication, wherein selection of the first frequency band is based on a comparison of measurements that pertain to respective frequency bands in the set of available frequency bands; obtaining a continuous wave signal on a forward link via the first frequency band; determining a frequency shift to apply to the continuous wave signal for communication on a backward link; and communicating a backward link signal on the backward link via a second frequency band based on application of the frequency shift to the continuous wave signal.
[0272] Aspect 2: The method of aspect 1, wherein selecting the first frequency band comprises: selecting all frequency bands in the set of available frequency bands to use for wireless communication based on the comparison of measurements.
[0273] Aspect 3: The method of any of aspects 1 through 2, wherein selecting the first frequency band comprises: selecting a subset of frequency bands from the set of available frequency bands to use for wireless communication based on the comparison of measurements, wherein the subset of frequency bands includes the first frequency band.
[0274] Aspect 4: The method of any of aspects 1 through 3, wherein selecting the first frequency band comprises: selecting only the first frequency band from the set of available frequency bands to use for wireless communication based on the comparison of measurements.
[0275] Aspect 5: The method of any of aspects 1 through 4, wherein the frequency shift comprises a zero-frequency shift, an intra-band frequency shift, or an inter-band frequency shift.
[0276] Aspect 6: The method of any of aspects 1 through 5, wherein the second frequency band is a same frequency band as the first frequency band.
[0277] Aspect 7: The method of aspect 6, wherein future wireless communication are performed in the second frequency band based on application of the frequency shift to future continuous wave signals obtained in the first frequency band.
[0278] Aspect 8: The method of any of aspects 1 through 7, wherein the second frequency band is a different frequency band as the first frequency band.
[0279] Aspect 9: The method of aspect 8, wherein the frequency shift is a same frequency shift applied to both the first frequency band and the second frequency band.
[0280] Aspect 10: The method of any of aspects 8 through 9, wherein the frequency shift is based on a target backward link frequency band selected by the energy harvesting capable device.
[0281] Aspect 11: The method of any of aspects 1 through 10, wherein the frequency shift is based on a location of the energy harvesting capable device relative to a network entity, on the second frequency band, or both.
[0282] Aspect 12: The method of any of aspects 1 through 11, further comprising: performing measurements on each frequency band in the set of available frequency bands.
[0283] Aspect 13: The method of aspect 12, wherein the measurements comprise an amount of harvested energy, a signal strength, a selection probability metric, or any combination thereof.
[0284] Aspect 14: A method of wireless communication performed by an energy harvesting capable device, comprising: obtaining a forward link signal that indicates a first frequency band to use for wireless communication, the first frequency band being from a set of available frequency bands; obtaining a continuous wave signal on a forward link via the first frequency band; determining a frequency shift to apply to the continuous wave signal for communication on a backward link; and communicating a backward link signal on the backward link via a second frequency band based on application of the frequency shift to the continuous wave signal.
[0285] Aspect 15: The method of aspect 14, wherein the forward link signal indicates scheduling information for the continuous wave signal.
[0286] Aspect 16: The method of any of aspects 14 through 15, wherein the forward link signal indicates that the first frequency band is for use as the forward link and as the backward link, the second frequency band is a same frequency band as the first frequency band, and the frequency shift comprises an intra-band frequency shift.
[0287] Aspect 17: The method of any of aspects 14 through 16, wherein the forward link signal indicates that the first frequency band is for use as the forward link and that the second frequency band is for use as the backward link, the second frequency band is a different frequency band than the first frequency band, and the frequency shift comprises an inter-band frequency shift.
[0288] Aspect 18: The method of any of aspects 14 through 17, wherein the forward link signal indicates that the first frequency band is for use as the forward link and that the second frequency band is for use as the backward link, the second frequency band is a different frequency band than the first frequency band, and the frequency shift comprises an intra-band frequency shift.
[0289] Aspect 19: The method of any of aspects 14 through 18, wherein the forward link signal is received from a network entity and the continuous wave signal is received from an assisting network entity.
[0290] Aspect 20: A method of wireless communication performed by a network entity, comprising: outputting, to an energy harvesting capable device, a continuous wave signal on a forward link via a first frequency band; obtaining, from the energy harvesting capable device, a backward link signal on a backward link via a second frequency band, wherein the second frequency band is based on application of a frequency shift to the continuous wave signal; and selecting the first frequency band for ongoing continuous wave communication with the energy harvesting capable device based on reception of the backward link signal on the backward link via the second frequency band.
[0291] Aspect 21: The method of aspect 20, wherein the second frequency band is a same frequency band as the first frequency band.
[0292] Aspect 22: The method of any of aspects 20 through 21, wherein the second frequency band is a different frequency band as the first frequency band.
[0293] Aspect 23: A method of wireless communication performed by a network entity, comprising: outputting, to an energy harvesting capable device, a forward link signal that indicates a first frequency band to use for wireless communication, the first frequency band being from a set of available frequency bands; outputting, to the energy harvesting capable device, a continuous wave signal on a forward link via the first frequency band; and obtaining, from the energy harvesting capable device, a backward link signal on a backward link via a second frequency band based on application of a frequency shift to the continuous wave signal.
[0294] Aspect 24: The method of aspect 23, wherein the forward link signal indicates scheduling information for the continuous wave signal.
[0295] Aspect 25: The method of any of aspects 23 through 24, wherein the forward link signal indicates that the first frequency band is for use as the forward link and as the backward link, and the second frequency band is a same frequency band as the first frequency band, and the frequency shift comprises an intra-band frequency shift.
[0296] Aspect 26: The method of any of aspects 23 through 25, wherein the forward link signal indicates the first frequency band is for use as the forward link and the second frequency band is for use as the backward link, the second frequency band is a different frequency band than the first frequency band, and the frequency shift comprises an inter-band frequency shift.
[0297] Aspect 27: The method of any of aspects 23 through 26, wherein the forward link signal indicates the first frequency band is for use as the forward link and the second frequency band is for use as the backward link, the second frequency band is a different frequency band than the first frequency band, and the frequency shift comprises an intra-band frequency shift.
[0298] Aspect 28: The method of any of aspects 23 through 27, wherein the forward link signal is output from the network entity and the continuous wave signal is output from an assisting network entity.
[0299] Aspect 29: An energy harvesting capable device for wireless communication, comprising a processing system configured to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 13.
[0300] Aspect 30: An energy harvesting capable device for wireless communication, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 1 through 13.
[0301] Aspect 31: A non-transitory computer-readable medium having code for wireless communication stored thereon that, when executed by an energy harvesting capable device, causes the energy harvesting capable device to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 13.
[0302] Aspect 32: An energy harvesting capable device for wireless communication, comprising a processing system configured to perform a method of any of aspects 14 through 19.
[0303] Aspect 33: An energy harvesting capable device for wireless communication, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 14 through 19.
[0304] Aspect 34: A non-transitory computer-readable medium having code for wireless communication stored thereon that, when executed by an energy harvesting capable device, causes the energy harvesting capable device to perform a method of any of aspects 14 through 19.
[0305] Aspect 35: A network entity for wireless communication, comprising a processing system configured to perform a method of any of aspects 20 through 22.
[0306] Aspect 36: A network entity for wireless communication, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 20 through 22.
[0307] Aspect 37: A non-transitory computer-readable medium having code for wireless communication stored thereon that, when executed by a network entity, causes the network entity to perform a method of any of aspects 20 through 22.
[0308] Aspect 38: A network entity for wireless communication, comprising a processing system configured to perform a method of any of aspects 23 through 28.
[0309] Aspect 39: A network entity for wireless communication, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 23 through 28.
[0310] Aspect 40: A non-transitory computer-readable medium having code for wireless communication stored thereon that, when executed by a network entity, causes the network entity to perform a method of any of aspects 23 through 28.
[0311] The methods described herein describe possible implementations, and the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0312] Although aspects of an LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR system may be described for purposes of example, and LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR terminology may be used in much of the description, the techniques described herein are applicable beyond LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR networks. For example, the described techniques may be applicable to various other wireless communication systems such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) , Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, as well as other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0313] Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0314] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed using a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, a graphics processing unit (GPU) , a neural processing unit (NPU) , an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor but, in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration) . Any functions or operations described herein as being capable of being performed by a processor may be performed by multiple processors that, individually or collectively, are capable of performing the described functions or operations.
[0315] The functions described herein may be implemented using hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented using software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored as or transmitted using one or more instructions or code of a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0316] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one location to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL) , or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of computer-readable medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, include CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD) , floppy disk, and Blu-ray disc. Disks may reproduce data magnetically, and discs may reproduce data optically using lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media. Any functions or operations described herein as being capable of being performed by a memory may be performed by multiple memories that, individually or collectively, are capable of performing the described functions or operations.
[0317] As used herein, the term “or” is an inclusive “or” unless limiting language is used relative to the alternatives listed. For example, reference to “X being based on A or B” shall be construed as including within its scope X being based on A, X being based on B, and X being based on A and B. In this regard, reference to “X being based on A or B” refers to “at least one of A or B” or “one or more of A or B” due to “or” being inclusive. Similarly, reference to “X being based on A, B, or C” shall be construed as including within its scope X being based on A, X being based on B, X being based on C, X being based on A and B, X being based on A and C, X being based on B and C, and X being based on A, B, and C. In this regard, reference to “X being based on A, B, or C” refers to “at least one of A, B, or C” or “one or more of A, B, or C”due to “or” being inclusive. As an example of limiting language, reference to “X being based on only one of A or B” shall be construed as including within its scope X being based on A as well as X being based on B, but not X being based on A and B. Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of information, one or more conditions, one or more factors, or the like. In other words, the phrase “based on A” (where “A” may be information, a condition, a factor, or the like) shall be construed as “based at least on A” unless specifically recited differently. Also, as used herein, the phrase “aset” shall be construed as including the possibility of a set with one member. That is, the phrase “aset” shall be construed in the same manner as “one or more” or “at least one of. ”
[0318] As used herein, including in the claims, the article “a” before a noun is open-ended and understood to refer to “at least one” of those nouns or “one or more” of those nouns. Thus, the terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. For example, if a claim recites “a component” that performs one or more functions, each of the individual functions may be performed by a single component or by any combination of multiple components. Thus, the term “a component” having characteristics or performing functions may refer to “at least one of one or more components” having a particular characteristic or performing a particular function. Subsequent reference to a component introduced with the article “a” using the terms “the” or “said” may refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, a component introduced with the article “a” may be understood to mean “one or more components, ” and referring to “the component” subsequently in the claims may be understood to be equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components. ” Similarly, subsequent reference to a component introduced as “one or more components” using the terms “the” or “said” may refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, referring to “the one or more components” subsequently in the claims may be understood to be equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components. ”
[0319] The term “determine” or “determining” encompasses a variety of actions and, therefore, “determining” can include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (such as via looking up in a table, a database, or another data structure) , ascertaining, and the like. Also, “determining” can include receiving (e.g., receiving information) , accessing (e.g., accessing data stored in memory) , and the like. Also, “determining” can include resolving, obtaining, selecting, choosing, establishing, and other such similar actions.
[0320] In the figures, similar components or features may have the same reference label. Further, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label by a dash and a second label that distinguishes among the similar components. If just the first reference label is used in the specification, the description is applicable to any one of the similar components having the same first reference label irrespective of the second reference label or other subsequent reference label.
[0321] The description set forth herein, in connection with the drawings, describes example configurations and does not represent all the examples that may be implemented or that are within the scope of the claims. The term “example” used herein means “serving as an example, instance, or illustration” and not “preferred” or “advantageous over other examples. ” The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing an understanding of the described techniques. These techniques, however, may be practiced without these specific details. In some figures, structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.
[0322] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.An energy harvesting capable device, comprising:a processing system configured to:select a first frequency band from a set of available frequency bands to use for wireless communication, wherein selection of the first frequency band is based on a comparison of measurements that pertain to respective frequency bands in the set of available frequency bands;obtain a continuous wave signal on a forward link via the first frequency band;determine a frequency shift to apply to the continuous wave signal for communication on a backward link; andcommunicate a backward link signal on the backward link via a second frequency band based on application of the frequency shift to the continuous wave signal.2.The energy harvesting capable device of claim 1, wherein, to select the first frequency band, the processing system is configured to select all frequency bands in the set of available frequency bands to use for wireless communication based on the comparison of measurements.3.The energy harvesting capable device of claim 1, wherein, to select the first frequency band, the processing system is configured to select a subset of frequency bands from the set of available frequency bands to use for wireless communication based on the comparison of measurements, wherein the subset of frequency bands includes the first frequency band.4.The energy harvesting capable device of claim 1, wherein, to select the first frequency band, the processing system is configured to select only the first frequency band from the set of available frequency bands to use for wireless communication based on the comparison of measurements.5.The energy harvesting capable device of claim 1, wherein the frequency shift comprises a zero-frequency shift, an intra-band frequency shift, or an inter-band frequency shift.6.The energy harvesting capable device of claim 1, wherein the second frequency band is a same frequency band as the first frequency band.7.The energy harvesting capable device of claim 6, wherein future wireless communication are performed in the second frequency band based on application of the frequency shift to future continuous wave signals obtained in the first frequency band.8.The energy harvesting capable device of claim 1, wherein the second frequency band is a different frequency band as the first frequency band.9.The energy harvesting capable device of claim 8, wherein the frequency shift is a same frequency shift applied to both the first frequency band and the second frequency band.10.The energy harvesting capable device of claim 8, wherein the frequency shift is based on a target backward link frequency band selected by the energy harvesting capable device.11.The energy harvesting capable device of claim 1, wherein the frequency shift is based on a location of the energy harvesting capable device relative to a network entity, on the second frequency band, or both.12.The energy harvesting capable device of claim 1, wherein the processing system is configured to perform measurements on each frequency band in the set of available frequency bands.13.The energy harvesting capable device of claim 12, wherein the measurements comprise an amount of harvested energy, a signal strength, a selection probability metric, or any combination thereof.14.An energy harvesting capable device, comprising:a processing system configured to:obtain a forward link signal that indicates a first frequency band to use for wireless communication, the first frequency band being from a set of available frequency bands;obtain a continuous wave signal on a forward link via the first frequency band;determine a frequency shift to apply to the continuous wave signal for communication on a backward link; andcommunicate a backward link signal on the backward link via a second frequency band based on application of the frequency shift to the continuous wave signal.15.The energy harvesting capable device of claim 14, wherein the forward link signal indicates scheduling information for the continuous wave signal.16.The energy harvesting capable device of claim 14, wherein:the forward link signal indicates that the first frequency band is for use as the forward link and as the backward link,the second frequency band is a same frequency band as the first frequency band, andthe frequency shift comprises an intra-band frequency shift.17.The energy harvesting capable device of claim 14, wherein:the forward link signal indicates that the first frequency band is for use as the forward link and that the second frequency band is for use as the backward link,the second frequency band is a different frequency band than the first frequency band, andthe frequency shift comprises an inter-band frequency shift.18.The energy harvesting capable device of claim 14, wherein:the forward link signal indicates that the first frequency band is for use as the forward link and that the second frequency band is for use as the backward link,the second frequency band is a different frequency band than the first frequency band, andthe frequency shift comprises an intra-band frequency shift.19.The energy harvesting capable device of claim 14, wherein the forward link signal is received from a network entity and the continuous wave signal is received from an assisting network entity.20.A network entity, comprising:a processing system configured to:output, to an energy harvesting capable device, a continuous wave signal on a forward link via a first frequency band;obtain, from the energy harvesting capable device, a backward link signal on a backward link via a second frequency band, wherein the second frequency band is based on application of a frequency shift to the continuous wave signal; andselect the first frequency band for ongoing continuous wave communication with the energy harvesting capable device based on reception of the backward link signal on the backward link via the second frequency band.21.The network entity of claim 20, wherein the second frequency band is a same frequency band as the first frequency band.22.The network entity of claim 20, wherein the second frequency band is a different frequency band as the first frequency band.23.A network entity, comprising:a processing system configured to:output, to an energy harvesting capable device, a forward link signal that indicates a first frequency band to use for wireless communication, the first frequency band being from a set of available frequency bands;output, to the energy harvesting capable device, a continuous wave signal on a forward link via the first frequency band; andobtain, from the energy harvesting capable device, a backward link signal on a backward link via a second frequency band based on application of a frequency shift to the continuous wave signal.24.The network entity of claim 23, wherein the forward link signal indicates scheduling information for the continuous wave signal.25.The network entity of claim 23, wherein:the forward link signal indicates that the first frequency band is for use as the forward link and as the backward link,the second frequency band is a same frequency band as the first frequency band, andthe frequency shift comprises an intra-band frequency shift.26.The network entity of claim 23, wherein:the forward link signal indicates the first frequency band is for use as the forward link and the second frequency band is for use as the backward link,the second frequency band is a different frequency band than the first frequency band, andthe frequency shift comprises an inter-band frequency shift.27.The network entity of claim 23, wherein:the forward link signal indicates the first frequency band is for use as the forward link and the second frequency band is for use as the backward link,the second frequency band is a different frequency band than the first frequency band, andthe frequency shift comprises an intra-band frequency shift.28.The network entity of claim 23, wherein the forward link signal is output from the network entity and the continuous wave signal is output from an assisting network entity.29.A method of wireless communication performed by an energy harvesting capable device, comprising:selecting a first frequency band from a set of available frequency bands to use for wireless communication, wherein selection of the first frequency band is based on a comparison of measurements that pertain to respective frequency bands in the set of available frequency bands;obtaining a continuous wave signal on a forward link via the first frequency band;determining a frequency shift to apply to the continuous wave signal for communication on a backward link; andcommunicating a backward link signal on the backward link via a second frequency band based on application of the frequency shift to the continuous wave signal.30.The method of claim 29, wherein selecting the first frequency band comprises:selecting all frequency bands in the set of available frequency bands to use for wireless communication based on the comparison of measurements.31.The method of claim 29, wherein selecting the first frequency band comprises:selecting a subset of frequency bands from the set of available frequency bands to use for wireless communication based on the comparison of measurements, wherein the subset of frequency bands includes the first frequency band.32.The method of claim 29, wherein selecting the first frequency band comprises:selecting only the first frequency band from the set of available frequency bands to use for wireless communication based on the comparison of measurements.33.The method of claim 29, wherein the frequency shift comprises a zero-frequency shift, an intra-band frequency shift, or an inter-band frequency shift.34.The method of claim 29, wherein the second frequency band is a same frequency band as the first frequency band.35.The method of claim 34, wherein future wireless communication are performed in the second frequency band based on application of the frequency shift to future continuous wave signals obtained in the first frequency band.36.The method of claim 29, wherein the second frequency band is a different frequency band as the first frequency band.37.The method of claim 36, wherein the frequency shift is a same frequency shift applied to both the first frequency band and the second frequency band.38.The method of claim 36, wherein the frequency shift is based on a target backward link frequency band selected by the energy harvesting capable device.39.The method of claim 29, wherein the frequency shift is based on a location of the energy harvesting capable device relative to a network entity, on the second frequency band, or both.40.The method of claim 29, further comprising:performing measurements on each frequency band in the set of available frequency bands.41.The method of claim 40, wherein the measurements comprise an amount of harvested energy, a signal strength, a selection probability metric, or any combination thereof.42.A method of wireless communication performed by an energy harvesting capable device, comprising:obtaining a forward link signal that indicates a first frequency band to use for wireless communication, the first frequency band being from a set of available frequency bands;obtaining a continuous wave signal on a forward link via the first frequency band;determining a frequency shift to apply to the continuous wave signal for communication on a backward link; andcommunicating a backward link signal on the backward link via a second frequency band based on application of the frequency shift to the continuous wave signal.43.The method of claim 42, wherein the forward link signal indicates scheduling information for the continuous wave signal.44.The method of claim 42, wherein:the forward link signal indicates that the first frequency band is for use as the forward link and as the backward link,the second frequency band is a same frequency band as the first frequency band, andthe frequency shift comprises an intra-band frequency shift.45.The method of claim 42, wherein:the forward link signal indicates that the first frequency band is for use as the forward link and that the second frequency band is for use as the backward link,the second frequency band is a different frequency band than the first frequency band, andthe frequency shift comprises an inter-band frequency shift.46.The method of claim 42, wherein:the forward link signal indicates that the first frequency band is for use as the forward link and that the second frequency band is for use as the backward link,the second frequency band is a different frequency band than the first frequency band, andthe frequency shift comprises an intra-band frequency shift.47.The method of claim 42, wherein the forward link signal is received from a network entity and the continuous wave signal is received from an assisting network entity.48.A method of wireless communication performed by a network entity, comprising:outputting, to an energy harvesting capable device, a continuous wave signal on a forward link via a first frequency band;obtaining, from the energy harvesting capable device, a backward link signal on a backward link via a second frequency band, wherein the second frequency band is based on application of a frequency shift to the continuous wave signal; andselecting the first frequency band for ongoing continuous wave communication with the energy harvesting capable device based on reception of the backward link signal on the backward link via the second frequency band.49.The method of claim 48, wherein the second frequency band is a same frequency band as the first frequency band.50.The method of claim 48, wherein the second frequency band is a different frequency band as the first frequency band.51.A method of wireless communication performed by a network entity, comprising:outputting, to an energy harvesting capable device, a forward link signal that indicates a first frequency band to use for wireless communication, the first frequency band being from a set of available frequency bands;outputting, to the energy harvesting capable device, a continuous wave signal on a forward link via the first frequency band; andobtaining, from the energy harvesting capable device, a backward link signal on a backward link via a second frequency band based on application of a frequency shift to the continuous wave signal.52.The method of claim 51, wherein the forward link signal indicates scheduling information for the continuous wave signal.53.The method of claim 51, wherein:the forward link signal indicates that the first frequency band is for use as the forward link and as the backward link,the second frequency band is a same frequency band as the first frequency band, andthe frequency shift comprises an intra-band frequency shift.54.The method of claim 51, wherein:the forward link signal indicates the first frequency band is for use as the forward link and the second frequency band is for use as the backward link,the second frequency band is a different frequency band than the first frequency band, andthe frequency shift comprises an inter-band frequency shift.55.The method of claim 51, wherein:the forward link signal indicates the first frequency band is for use as the forward link and the second frequency band is for use as the backward link,the second frequency band is a different frequency band than the first frequency band, andthe frequency shift comprises an intra-band frequency shift.56.The method of claim 51, wherein the forward link signal is output from the network entity and the continuous wave signal is output from an assisting network entity.
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