SSB-less mode
The described apparatus and method for on-demand SSB period indication in SSB-less mode address synchronization challenges by aligning UE and base station timing, reducing collisions and overhead, and enabling efficient UE operation in secondary cells.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/077316
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-02-16
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-21
AI Technical Summary
Existing user equipment (UE) in SSB-less mode face challenges in efficiently managing on-demand SSB transmission, leading to collisions and overhead due to reliance on multiple layer 3 messaging for synchronization, especially in scenarios involving secondary cells (SCells) with varying UE configurations.
Implementing an apparatus and method for UE to receive an indication of an on-demand SSB period through layer 1 signaling or layer 3 messages, allowing for synchronized and efficient transmission of SSBs during non-transmission periods, thereby reducing collisions and overhead.
Enables efficient synchronization and collision avoidance in SSB-less mode by aligning UE and base station timing, reducing energy consumption and signaling overhead, and supporting UE operation in SSB-less secondary cells.
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Figure CN2024077316_21082025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
SSB-LESS MODE
[0001] TECHNOLOGICAL FIELD
[0002] Examples of the disclosure relate to SSB-less mode.BACKGROUND
[0003] A synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block (SSB) is transmitted in a cell by a base station.
[0004] SSB-less mode is a mode during which SSB are not transmitted or are only transmitted with long intervening periods within a cell. It reduces energy consumption and signaling overhead.
[0005] If a user equipment is suitably configured, then when its is camped on or connected to an SCell operating in SSB-less mode, it can use SSB transmitted by some other cell e.g. the PCell. Not all user equipment are necessarily suitably configured for operating in this SSB-less mode.
[0006] BRIEF SUMMARY
[0007] According to various, but not necessarily all, examples there is provided apparatus as claimed.
[0008] According to various, but not necessarily all, embodiments there is provided examples as claimed in the appended claims.
[0009] While the above examples of the disclosure and optional features are described separately, it is to be understood that their provision in all possible combinations and permutations is contained within the disclosure. It is to be understood that various examples of the disclosure can comprise any or all the features described in respect of other examples of the disclosure, and vice versa. Also, it is to be appreciated that any one or more or all the features, in any combination, may be implemented by / comprised in / performable by an apparatus, a method, and / or computer program instructions as desired, and as appropriate. The description of a function should additionally be considered to also disclose any means suitable for performing that function
[0010] BRIEF DESCRIPTION
[0011] Some examples will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
[0012] FIGs. 1 to 14 show examples of the subject matter described herein.
[0013] The figures are not necessarily to scale. Certain features and views of the figures can be shown schematically or exaggerated in scale in the interest of clarity and conciseness. For example, the dimensions of some elements in the figures can be exaggerated relative to other elements to aid explication. Similar reference numerals are used in the figures to designate similar features. For clarity, all reference numerals are not necessarily displayed in all figures.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0014] Fig. 1 illustrates an example of a network 100 comprising a plurality of network entities including terminal apparatus 110, node apparatus 120 and one or more network apparatus 130. The terminal apparatus 110 and node apparatus 120 communicate 124 with each other. The one or more network apparatus 130 communicate 128 with the node apparatus 120.
[0015] In some examples the one or more network apparatus 130 communicate with the terminal apparatus 110. The one or more network apparatus 130 can, in some examples, communicate with each other. The one or more node apparatus 120 can, in some examples, communicate 126 with each other.
[0016] The network 100 can be a cellular network comprising a plurality of cells 122 each served by a node apparatus 120. In this example, the interface between the terminal apparatus 110 and a node apparatus 120 defining a cell 122 is a wireless interface 124.
[0017] The node apparatus 120 comprises one or more cellular radio transceivers. The terminal apparatus 110 comprises one or more cellular radio transceivers.
[0018] In the example illustrated the cellular network 100 is a third generation Partnership Project (3GPP) network in which the terminal apparatus 110 are user equipment (UE) and the node apparatus 120 can be access nodes such as base stations.
[0019] A user equipment comprises a mobile equipment. Where reference is made to user equipment that reference includes and encompasses, wherever possible, a reference to mobile equipment.
[0020] In some examples, during operation, a user equipment 110 comprises a mobile equipment comprising a smart card for authentication / encryption etc. such as a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) . In some examples, during operation, a user equipment 110 comprises mobile equipment comprising circuitry embedded as part of the user equipment 110 for authentication / encryption such as software SIM.
[0021] The node apparatus 120 can be any suitable access node such as a base station or transmission reception point. The node apparatus 120 can be a network element responsible for radio transmission and reception in one or more cells 122, to or from the UE 110. The node apparatus 120 can be a network element in a Radio Access Network (RAN) , an Open-Radio Access Network (O-RAN) or any other suitable type of network.
[0022] The network apparatus 130 can be part of a core network. The network apparatus 130 can be configured to manage functions relating to connectivity for the UEs 110. For example, the network apparatus 130 can be configured to manage functions such as connectivity, mobility, authentication, authorization and / or other suitable functions. In some examples the network apparatus 130 can comprise an Access and Mobility management Function (AMF) and / or a User Plane Function (UPF) or any other suitable entities.
[0023] In the example of Fig. 1 the network apparatus 130 is shown as a single entity. In some examples the network apparatus 130 could be distributed across a plurality of entities. For example, the network apparatus 130 could be cloud based or distributed in any other suitable manner. The network apparatus 130 can be a core network node.
[0024] The network 100 can be a 4G or 5G network, for example. It can for example be a New Radio (NR) network that uses gNB or eNB as access nodes 120. New Radio is the 3GPP name for 5G technology. In such cases the node apparatus 120 can comprise gNodeBs (gNBs) 120 configured to provide user plane and control plane protocol terminations towards the UE 110 and / or to perform any other suitable functions. The gNBs 120 are interconnected with each other by means of an X2 / Xn interface 126. The gNBs are also connected by means of the N2 interface 128 to the network apparatus 130. The gNBs can be connected to an AMF or any other suitable network apparatus 130. Other types of networks and interfaces could be used in other examples. Other types of network could comprise next generation mobile and communication network, for example, a 6G network.
[0025] A cell group comprises a primary cell (PCell) and zero or more secondary cells (SCells) . A cell relates to a geographical area with radio signal i.e., covered by a base station where a UE can connect and get service. A cell can be identified by a lower layer PCI and higher layer cell identity.
[0026] A PCell of a cell group is the cell, operating on a primary frequency, in which a UE either performs an initial connection establishment procedure or initiates a connection re-establishment procedure, or is the cell indicated as the primary cell in a handover procedure. In at least some examples, a primary cell is a cell configured to provide NAS mobility information during connection establishment, re-establishment, or handover. The primary cell may be configured to provide security input during connection re-establishment or handover.
[0027] An SCell of a cell group is the cell, operating on a secondary frequency, which may be configured once an RRC connection is established and which may be used to provide additional radio resources. Secondary Cells (SCells) can be configured to form a set of serving cells together with the PCell.
[0028] In dual-connectivity, a cell group of a Master Node is a master cell group (MCG) . A cell group of a Secondary Node is a secondary cell group (SCG) . An MCG comprises a primary cell (PCell) and zero or more secondary cells (SCells) . An SCG comprises a primary secondary cell (PSCell) and zero or more secondary cells (SCells) . In at least some examples, MCGs and SCGs comprise at least one SCell in addition to a PCell or a PSCell.
[0029] Occasional (on-demand) SSB 20 in SSB-less cell causes collision. There is a need to inform existing UE 110s in the cell of the existence / location of on-demand SSBs 20s to avoid collision. There is a need to inform new UE 110s for the cell of the existence / location of on-demand SSBs 20 to allow measurement.
[0030] These issues are addressed in the implementations described. At least some of these implementations, avoid the overhead and latency of using multiple layer 3 messaging, for example Radio Resource Control (RRC) messaging, to inform a UE 110 when on-demand SSB 12 starts and when on-demand SSB 12 stops.
[0031] SSB-less mode 10 is a mode during which SSB 20 are not transmitted or are only transmitted with long intervening periods. The term SSB-less mode 10 is used to refer a mode in which SSB 20 are not transmitted (full SSB-less mode 10) , and is also used to refer to a mode in which SSB 20 are transmitted with a periodicity 14 exceeding a threshold values (threshold SSB-less mode 10) .
[0032] The term “full SSB-less mode 10” is used to refer an SSB-less mode 10 in which SSB 20 are not transmitted. The term “threshold SSB-less mode 10” is used to refer an SSB-less mode 10 in which SSB 20 are transmitted with a periodicity 14 exceeding a threshold value.
[0033] During an SSB-less mode 10 at the base station 120, it may be desirable to transmit SSB 20 when required, this is referred to as on-demand SSB 12. During a full SSB-less mode 10 it may be desirable to transmit SSB 20, this is referred to as on-demand SSB 12. During a threshold SSB-less mode 10 it may be desirable to transmit SSB 20 before the next SSB 20 is due to be transmitted according to the periodicity 14 for transmitting SSB, this is referred to as on-demand SSB 12.
[0034] An on-demand SSB period 30, is a period, during an SSB-less mode 10, when SSB 20 can be transmitted by the base station 120 that would not be transmitted in the absence of the on-demand SSB period 30 . An on-demand SSB period 30, is a period during a full SSB-less mode 10, when SSB 20 can be transmitted by the base station 120. An on-demand SSB period 30, is a period during a threshold SSB-less mode 10, when additional SSB 20 can be transmitted by the base station 120 before the next or a following SSB 20 is due to be transmitted according to the periodicity 14 for transmitting SSB 20. In at least some examples, on-demand SSB does not end before next occurrence of long periodicity SSB. Sometimes the UE 110 may need more than one SSB 20 to synchronize to the cell.
[0035] The UE 110 is configured to operate in a full SSB-less mode 10 in which SSB 20 are not expected to be transmitted by the base station 120 while the base station 120 is operating in the full SSB-less mode 10. The on-demand SSB period 30 is a period during which SSB 20 are transmitted by the base station 120 and during which SSB 20 are expected to be transmitted by the base station 120, despite operating in the full SSB-less mode 10.
[0036] The UE 110 is configured to operate in a threshold SSB-less mode 10 in which SSB 20 are not expected to be transmitted by the base station 120 other than on occasions defined by the (long) periodicity 14 while the base station 120 is operating in the threshold SSB-less mode 10. The on-demand SSB period 30 is a period during which SSB 20 are transmitted by the base station 120 on additional occasions other than those defined by the (long) periodicity 14 and during which SSB 20 are expected, by the UE 110, to be transmitted by the base station 120 on additional occasions other than those defined by the (long) periodicity 14, despite operating in the threshold SSB-less mode 10.
[0037] FIG 2A illustrates a full SSB-less mode 10. The full SSB-less mode 10 is an SSB-less mode 10 in which SSB 20 are not transmitted by the base station 120. The UE 110 is configured to operate in a full SSB-less mode 10 in which SSB 20 are not expected to be transmitted by the base station 120 while the base station 120 is operating in the full SSB-less mode 10.
[0038] FIG 2B illustrates a full SSB-less mode 10 with on-demand SSB 12. During an on-demand SSB period 30, SSB 20 can be transmitted by the base station 120. The on-demand SSB period 30 is a period during which SSB 20 are transmitted by the base station 120.
[0039] The UE 110 is configured to operate in a full SSB-less mode 10 with on-demand SSB 12.The on-demand SSB period 30 is a period during which SSB 20 are expected by the UE 110 to be transmitted by the base station 120, despite the UE 110 (and base station 120) operating in the full SSB-less mode 10.
[0040] FIG 3A illustrate a threshold SSB-less mode 10. The threshold SSB-less mode 10 is an SSB-less mode 10 in which SSB 20 are transmitted by the base station 120 with a periodicity 14 exceeding a threshold value.
[0041] The UE 110 is configured to operate in a threshold SSB-less mode 10 in which SSB 20 are not expected to be transmitted by the base station 120 other than on occasions defined by the (long) periodicity 14 while the base station 120 is operating in the threshold SSB-less mode 10.
[0042] FIG 3B illustrate a threshold SSB-less mode 10 with on-demand SSB 12. During an on-demand SSB period 30, SSB 20 can be transmitted by the base station 120 on additional occasions other than those defined by the (long) periodicity 14 . The on-demand SSB period 30 is a period during which additional SSB 20 are transmitted by the base station 120
[0043] The UE 110 is configured to operate in a threshold SSB-less mode 10 with on-demand SSB 12. The on-demand SSB period 30 is a period during which SSB 20 are expected by the UE 110 to be transmitted by the base station 120 on additional occasions other than those defined by the (long) periodicity 14, despite the UE 110 (and base station 120) operating in the threshold SSB-less mode 10.
[0044] FIG 4A illustrate an SSB-less mode 10. It can be a full SSB-less mode 10 or a threshold SSB-less mode 10.
[0045] The UE 110 is configured to operate in an SSB-less mode 10 in which SSB 20 are not expected to be transmitted by the base station 120 during a non-transmission period 16 while the base station 120 is operating in the SSB-less mode 10. The non-transmission period 16 is the time during which the UE 110 does not expect the base station 120 to transmit SSB, in the absence of on-demand SSB 12 transmission.
[0046] FIG 4B illustrate a the SSB-less mode 10 with on-demand SSB 12. It can be a full SSB-less mode 10 or a threshold SSB-less mode 10.
[0047] During an on-demand SSB period 30, SSB 20 can be transmitted by the base station 120 during the non-transmission period 16. The on-demand SSB period 30 is a period during which SSB 20 are transmitted by the base station 120.
[0048] The UE 110 is configured to operate in an SSB-less mode 10 with on-demand SSB 12 (it can be a full SSB-less mode 10 or a threshold SSB-less mode 10) . The on-demand SSB period 30 is a period during which SSB 20 are expected by the UE 110 to be transmitted by the base station 120, despite falling within a non-transmission period 16 while the UE 110 (and base station 120) are operating in the SSB-less mode 10.
[0049] An on-demand SSB period 30, is a period, during an SSB-less mode 10, when SSB 20 can be transmitted by the base station 120 that would not be transmitted in the absence of the on-demand SSB period 30 .
[0050] The following examples refer to an SSB-less mode 10. In some implementations, the SSB-less mode 10 is a full SSB-less mode 10. In some implementations, the SSB-less mode 10 is a threshold SSB-less mode 10.
[0051] FIG 5 illustrates an example of a UE 110 comprising:
[0052] means for receiving synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block(SSB) 20 in a cell; and
[0053] means for receiving from a base station 120 serving a cell, while operating in an SSB-less mode 10, an indication 201 of an on-demand SSB period 30, during which SSB 20 will be transmitted.
[0054] FIG 5 illustrates an example of a base station 120 comprising:
[0055] means for controlling transmission of synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block (SSB) 20 in a cell; and
[0056] means for indicating 201 to user equipment 110 served by the cell, when operating in an SSB-less mode 10, an on-demand SSB period 30, during which SSB 20 will be transmitted, that terminates upon expiry of a counter 230 or terminates on layer one (L1) signaling 242.
[0057] The on demand SSB period 30 terminates at the UE 110, upon expiry of a counter 230 at the UE 110 (FIG 7, 8) or terminates on reception at the UE 110 of layer 1 signaling from the base station 120 (FIG 9) .
[0058] In the example of FIGs 7, the indication 201 is comprised in an on-demand SSB configuration 220. The on-demand SSB configuration 220 is sent via layer 3 messages, optionally radio resource control messages.
[0059] In the example of FIGs 8 &9, the indication 201 is a layer 1 signal 240 transmitted by the base station 120.
[0060] In at least some examples, the cell is an SCell operating in SSB-less mode 10. A SCell (Secondary Cell) is a cell used in combination with a PCell (Primary Cell) to provide carrier aggregation. The PCell serves the primary component carrier. The Scell serves the secondary component carrier.
[0061] In at least some examples, the on-demand SSB configuration 220 is comprised in an SCell configuration transmitted to at least existing user equipment (UE) 110 in the SCell. The on-demand SSB period 30 starts collision avoidance, at the existing UE 110 , with respect to on-demand SSB 12 in the Scell, for example, by dropping or skipping other signal / channels.
[0062] In at least some examples, the on-demand SSB configuration 220 is transmitted, via the PCell, to at least one new user equipment (UE) 110 for the SCell, wherein the on-demand SSB period 30 starts on-demand SSB 12 measurement, in the Scell, at the new UE 110.
[0063] FIG 6 illustrates a start and end of an on-demand SSB period 30.
[0064] There is synchronisation 202 of the start of the on-demand SSB period 30 between the base station 120 and the relevant UEs 110. There is synchronisation 204 of end of the on-demand SSB period 30 between the base station 120 and the relevant UEs 110. The relevant UEs are those existing on the cell served by the base station 120 and those UEs new to the cell served by the base station 120.
[0065] The on-demand SSB period 30 is activated synchronously 202 at the base station 120 and the relevant UEs 110. The on-demand SSB period 30 is terminated synchronously 204 at the synchronously base station 120 and the relevant UEs 110.
[0066] The UE 110 performs processes 210 during the on-demand SSB period 30.
[0067] In at least some examples, the UEs 110 existing on the cell served by the base station 120 perform collision avoidance during the on-demand SSB period 30. In at least some examples, on-demand SSB period 30 starts collision avoidance, at the existing UE 110, with respect to on-demand SSB 20 in the Scell. The collision avoidance is configured by the on-demand SSB configuration 220 by, for example, dropping or skipping other signals / channels.
[0068] A UE 110 new to the cell served by the base station 120 is configured to use the on-demand SSB 20 to determine whether the UE 110 can work on an SSB-less Scell, that is, use the PCell (or some other Scell) for synchronization. In some examples, the UE 110 measures and reports an evaluated received time difference RTD based on using an on-demand SSB 20 as a validation signal. The gNB 120 sends on-demand SSBs 20 on the Scell. Then, based on the measurement comparison between PCell SSB 20 and SCell on-demand SSB 20, the UE 110 determines whether RTD is within a certain range. In at least some examples, the on-demand SSB period 30 starts on-demand SSB measurement, in the Scell, at the new UE 110.
[0069] In FIGs 7, 8, 9 on-demand SSB configuration 220 is sent to the UE 110 to perform the processes 210.
[0070] In FIG 7, the transmission / receipt of the on-demand SSB configuration 220 activates on-demand SSB period 30. The on-demand SSB period 30 is terminated 204 when a counter 230, activated by the on-demand SSB configuration 220 , expires . Expires means that the counter is stopped because the counter condition has been met. The counter condition can, for example, be SSB occasions.
[0071] In FIG 8 &9, the transmission / receipt of the on-demand SSB configuration 220 is separated in time from activation of the on-demand SSB period 30. Layer 1 signalling 240 from the base station to the UE 110 activates the on-demand SSB period 30. In FIG 8, the on-demand SSB period 30 is terminated 204 when a counter 230, activated by the on-demand SSB configuration 220, expires. In FIG 9, the on-demand SSB period 30 is terminated 204 by Layer 1 signalling 242 from the base station 120 to the UE 110.
[0072] Thus the UE 110 is configured for communication with the base station 120 to enable time alignment between the base station 120 and the UE 110 so that the on-demand SSB period 30 starts and ends synchronously at the base station 120 and the UE 110.
[0073] In FIG 7, the start of the on-demand SSB period 30 is relative to reception of the on-demand SSB configuration 220 and the end of the on-demand SSB period 30 is relative to expiry of the counter 230 initiated at the start of the on-demand SSB period 30. In this example, the transmission / reception of the on-demand SSB configuration 220 activates the on-demand SSB period 30. The on-demand SSB period 30 is terminated 204 when the counter 230, activated by the on-demand SSB configuration 220, expires.
[0074] In FIG 8, the start of the on-demand SSB period 30 is relative to reception of a layer 1 signal 240 and the end of the on-demand SSB period 30 is relative to expiry of the counter 230 initiated at the start of the on-demand SSB period 30. In this example, the transmission / reception of the layer 1 signal 240 activates the on-demand SSB period 30. The on-demand SSB period 30 is terminated 204 when the counter 230, activated by the layer 1 signal 240, expires.
[0075] In FIG 9, the start of the on-demand SSB period 30 is relative to reception of a layer 1 signal 240 and the end of the on-demand SSB period 30 is relative to reception of a layer 1 signal 242. In this example, the transmission / reception of the layer 1 signal 240 activates the on-demand SSB period 30. The on-demand SSB period 30 is terminated 204 when base station 120 transmits and the UE 110 receives the layer 1 signal 242.
[0076] In Fig 7, the received indication 201 (an on-demand SSB configuration 220) activates that on-demand SSB configuration 220. The sending and activation of on-demand SSB configuration 220 are combined (contemporaneous) . The on-demand SSB configuration 220 configures a counter 230, such that when the on-demand SSB period 30 starts, the counter 230 is activated. In at least some examples, the on-demand SSB configuration 220 configures the counter 230 to count the occasions on which SSB 20 is transmitted / received (on-demand SSB occasions) .
[0077] In some examples, the UE 110 and the base station 120 communicate to enable time alignment between the base station 120 and the UE 110. Communication system timing parameters are used for time alignment. Examples of communication system timing parameters include frame number and slot number. In some examples, the on-demand SSB configuration 220 indicates the frame number (and / or slot number) at which the first on-demand SSB 20 is to be transmitted or at which the counter 230 starts.
[0078] In at least some examples, the base station 120, during the SSB-less mode 10, is configured to send (and activate) the on-demand SSB configuration 220 in response to satisfaction of a trigger condition. In at least some examples, a sufficient trigger condition is that a new UE 110 is potentially present in the cell of the base station 120 and, as a consequence, there is a requirement for on-demand SSB 12. In at least some examples, a sufficient trigger condition is that there is a determined or possible collision between on-demand SSB transmission 20 and scheduled use of the cell by or for existing UEs 110 in the cell.
[0079] In Fig 8 &9, the received indication 201 (Layer 1 signal 240) activates a previously received on-demand SSB configuration 220. The sending and activation of on-demand SSB configuration 220 are separated (non-contemporaneous) .
[0080] In at least some examples, the base station 120, during the SSB-less mode 10, is configured to send (without activation) the on-demand SSB configuration 220 without a trigger condition based on a requirement for on-demand SSB, for example, a new UE 110 being present in the cell of the base station 120. Instead the on-demand SSB configuration 242 is sent according to a regular configuration schedule.
[0081] In at least some examples, the base station 120, during the SSB-less mode 10, is configured to send, in response to satisfaction of a trigger condition, the layer 1 signal 240 to activate the on-demand SSB 12 and cause application of the on-demand configuration 220 by the UE 110. In at least some examples, a sufficient trigger condition is that a new UE 110 is present in the cell of the base station 120 and, as a consequence, there is a requirement for on-demand SSB 12. In at least some examples, a sufficient trigger condition is that there is a determined or possible collision between on-demand SSB transmission 20 and scheduled use of the cell by or for existing UEs 110 in the cell.
[0082] In some examples, an on-demand SSB configuration 220 is received via layer 3 messaging, and the UE 110 is configured to activate the on-demand SSB configuration 220 in response to reception of a layer 1 trigger signal 240 (the indication 201) .
[0083] The on-demand SSB period 30 starts when the UE 110 receives the layer 1 signal 240.
[0084] The layer 1 signal 240 that starts the on-demand SSM period 30 can be broadcast, group cast, or uni-cast. The UE 110 is configured to receive the layer 1 signal 240 to enable time alignment between the base station 120 and the UE 110.
[0085] In some examples, the on-demand SSB configuration 220 is a predetermined temporary on-demand SSB configuration and is sent in an SCell configuration message in advance of activation of the on-demand SSB configuration 220. In some examples, the temporary on-demand SSB configuration 220 is an SCell configuration comprising an indication that the SCell configuration is or comprises a temporary on-demand SSB configuration 220.
[0086] In FIG 8, the on-demand SSB configuration 220 configures a counter 230 that determines, on expiry, termination of the on-demand SSB period 30. The on-demand SSB configuration 220 configures the counter 230 such that when the on-demand SSB period 30 starts the counter 230 is activated. In at least some examples, the on-demand SSB configuration 220 configures the counter 230 to count the occasions on which SSB 20 is transmitted / received (on-demand SSB occasions) .
[0087] In FIG 9, the UE 110 is configured to use reception of the layer 1 signal 242 to determine termination of the on-demand SSB period 30.
[0088] It will be appreciated from the preceding paragraphs that the base station 120 comprises:
[0089] means for controlling transmission of synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block (SSB) 20 in a cell; and
[0090] means for indicating 201 to user equipment 110 served by the cell, when operating in an SSB-less mode 10, an on-demand SSB period 30, during which SSB 20 will be transmitted, that terminates upon expiry of a counter 230 or terminates on layer one (L1) signaling 242.
[0091] In at least some examples, the indication 201 is sent via an on-demand SSB configuration 220.
[0092] In at least some examples, the indication 201 is a layer 1 signal.
[0093] In some examples, the on-demand SSB configuration 220 is sent via layer 3 messages, optionally radio resource control messages.
[0094] In some examples, the on-demand SSB configuration 220 configures a counter that determines termination of the on-demand SSB period 30. When the on-demand SSB period 30 starts the counter 230 is activated. In some examples, the on-demand SSB configuration 220 configures the counter 230 to count on-demand SSB occasions. 30
[0095] In some examples, the trigger for sending and activating an on-demand SSB configuration 220 is that there is a new UE 110 and a requirement for on-demand SSB 12
[0096] In some examples, the trigger for sending and activating an on-demand SSB configuration is that there is a determined or possible collision between on-demand SSBs 20 and scheduled use of the cell.
[0097] In some examples, the trigger for activating (not sending) an on-demand SSB configuration is that there is a determined or possible collision between on-demand SSBs 20 and scheduled use of the cell. In some examples, the trigger for activating (not sending) an on-demand SSB configuration is that there is a determined or possible collision between on-demand SSBs 20 and scheduled use of the cell. In these example, the base station is configured to cause activation by sending a layer 1 signal 240 that enables time alignment between the base station 120 and the UE 110.
[0098] It would be desirable to specify procedures and signaling method (s) to support on-demand SSB SCell operation for UEs in connected mode configured with carrier aggregation (CA) , for both intra- / inter-band CA.
[0099] On-demand SSB transmission can be used by a UE for at least SCell time / frequency synchronization, L1 / L3 measurements and SCell activation, and is supported for FR1 and FR2 in non-shared spectrum.
[0100] There are potential three applicable NR CA scenarios that may be relevant to on-demand SSB: Contiguous Intra-band CA, Co-located FR1 Inter-band CA scenario (&Non-contiguous Intra-band CA Scenario) , Non-co-located FR1 Inter-band CA scenario and Inter-band CA scenario with band combination of FR1 and FR2.
[0101] The following examples relate to Co-located FR1 Inter-band CA scenario (&Non-contiguous Intra-band CA Scenario) .
[0102] The NW may not have the exact knowledge on whether or not a UE is able to properly operate on an SSB-less Scell. Thus, UE measurements, such as received time difference (RTD) evaluation and reporting by the UE 110 may assist the network decision on UE operation on such SSB-less Scell. One way to support UE measurement, is to configure validation signaling on Scell and request measurement by the UE. The validation signal could be TRS (tracking reference signal) or SSB. In the following, the focus will be on using SSB as validation signal.
[0103] A gNB 120 may configure a few SSB occasions to ask a new UE 110 (who is expected to enter the SCell) to evaluate whether it can work on that SSB-less SCell. (e.g. whether it can rely on PCell SSB for synchronization) .
[0104] In another example a UE 110 may indicate that it does not support SSB-less inter-band carrier aggregation (CA) , but after obtaining initial synchronization from on-demand SSB 20 it can operate in the cell and maintain synchronization based on some other signals like TRS (tracking reference signal) .
[0105] It would be desirable to have a solution that does not rely only on a dedicated RRC signal to signal a start to on-demand SSB transmission and a dedicated RRC signal an end to on-demand SSB transmission because it would add overhead and latency.
[0106] As previously mentioned, to evaluate whether a UE 110 is able to properly operate on an SSB-less SCell, the gNB 120 may need to send some SSBs 20 on the Scell. Then, based on the measurement comparison between PCell SSB 20 and SCell SSB 20, the UE 110 can determine whether the side condition can be fulfilled, e.g., RTD within a certain range.
[0107] The new SSB transmissions may have impact on existing UEs 110. Here, the existing UE means UEs who are already operating on that SCell. More specifically, the new SSB occasions may collide with dynamically scheduled transmissions or with existing periodic transmissions (e.g., SPS (semi-persistent scheduling) ; periodic CSI-RS) to some existing UEs 110. Those UEs 110 need to know such collision will happen, and then make a corresponding reaction to cope with the collision. For example, if the SSB transmission is (partially) overlapped with SPS, the UE 110 can assume that data was not transmitted in the resource elements colliding with SSB and use different rate matching pattern to receive SPS-PDSCH. In another example, if the SSB transmission is (partially) overlapped with pre-configured CSI-RS, the UE may treat overlapped CSI-RS resource elements being absent (not transmitted) .
[0108] Anyhow, it is desirable for the existing UEs 110 to know the presence of on-demand SSBs 20 and the location of the on-demand SSBs 20. Otherwise, some pre-configured transmissions (also dynamic scheduled transmissions) may be corrupted.
[0109] In the following , there is a focus on the potential transmission collision issue for existing UEs, due to on-demand SSB. There is proposed efficient signaling methods to tell existing UEs 110 about SSB configuration update.
[0110] In this disclosure, there is proposed efficient signaling methods for on-demand SSB operation in Scell. With the new signaling methods, existing UEs 110 (who are already operating on that SCell) can handle potential collision between on-demand SSB 20 and other signaling / channels properly.
[0111] FIG 10 illustrates a method 300. In this examples, a counter number is added into a Scell configuration message. The counter 230 (not illustrated in this FIG) indicates how many on-demand SSBs 20 will be transmitted by the gNB 120 in the SCell. After the counter 230 expires, the SCell comes back automatically to SSB-less SCell.
[0112] The FIG illustrates two UEs 110. There is a UE1 which, at block 302, is a new UE to be added to an SSB-less SCell. There is a UE2 which, at block 304 (contemporaneous with block 302) , is an existing UE working on the SSB-less SCell.
[0113] At block 306, the gNB 120 plans to activate an SSB-less SCell for a new UE 110 (UE1) . The gNB decides to transmit on-demand SSBs 20 on that SCell to help UE1 to evaluate whether it can work on that SCell with SSB-less mode 10.
[0114] At block 308, the gNB 120 finds that the new added on-demand SSBs 20 have collision with pre-configured transmissions to an existing UE 110 (UE2) that is already working on that SCell.
[0115] At block 310, the gNB 120 transmits updated SCell configuration to UE2 (the updated SCell configuration is transmitted to UE1 via the gNB of the PCell) . The updated SCell configuration contains the on-demand SSB configuration 220. In this example, the updated SCell configuration 220 specified a value for a counter 230 (e.g., N) , which indicates how many on-demand SSBs 20 to be transmitted. The gNB shall use RRC reconfiguration message (RRC signaling) to update the SCell configuration.
[0116] At block 312, the UE2 starts the counter 230 after it receives the updated SCell configuration 220 / RRC reconfiguration message.
[0117] In one embodiment, in order to avoid mismatch of the starting point of the on-demand SSB transmissions due to retransmissions of RRC reconfiguration message, the frame number (and / or slot number) of the first SSB transmission can be included in the updated SCell configuration 220 / RRC reconfiguration message.
[0118] In another embodiment, the frame number (and / or slot number) of when the counter 230 is expected to be valid can be included in the updated SCell configuration 220 / RRC reconfiguration message.
[0119] At block 314 the gNB starts to transmit on-demand SSBs 20, after receiving RRC reconfiguration complete message.
[0120] At block 318, UE2 updates the count of the counter 230 upon each on-demand SSB occasion.
[0121] After the counter 230 reaches maximum value (increasing counter) or minimum value (decreasing counter) , the UE2 deems the on-demand SSBs 20 will not be transmitted anymore.
[0122] Meanwhile, at block 316 the UE1 performs side condition measurement based on the received on-demand SSB 20.
[0123] The following is an example of RRC message details for the proposed counter control.
[0124] ServingCellConfigCommon information element
[0125] FIG 11 illustrates a method 350. In this examples, layer 1 (PHY) signaling is used.
[0126] The FIG illustrates two UEs 110. There is a UE1 which, at block 302, is a new UE to be added to an SSB-less SCell. There is a UE2 which, at block 304 (contemporaneous with block 302) , is an existing UE working on the SSB-less SCell.
[0127] In this method, the gNB 120 configures a temporary SSB configuration 220 to existing UEs as part of SCell configuration, although the SCell is working on SSB-less mode 10. Then, the gNB 120 shall use a new PHY signaling (broadcast or unicast) to activate (and optionally deactivate) that temporary SSB configuration 220.
[0128] At block 356, a gNB 120 determine a temporary SSB configuration to be used for on-demand SSB operation. The gNB indicates the temporary SSB configuration (as part of Scell configuration) to UEs 110 (e.g., UE 2) even if it is operating on the SCell as an SSB-less SCell. The legacy SSB configuration could be reused with an additional parameter to indicate it is available only upon L1 indication. A counter could be indicated it is available for limited period after the indication.
[0129] At block 358, the gNB 120 wants to activate the SSB-less SCell for a new UE (UE1) . The gNB 120 decides to transmit on-demand SSBs 20 on that SCell to help UE1 to evaluate whether it can work on that SCell with SSB-less mode.
[0130] At block 360, the gNB 120 finds that new added on-demand SSBs 20 have collision with pre-configured transmissions to existing UE (UE2) that has already worked on that SCell.
[0131] At block 362, the gNB 120 uses a new PHY signaling to activate the temporary SSB configuration (on-demand SSB) . PHY signaling is received by both UE1 and UE2.
[0132] At block 370, UE1 starts to measure SSB 20.
[0133] At block 374, UE2 knows that on-demand SSB is transmitted and rate matches or ignores resource elements REs that are colliding with SSB 20.
[0134] A counter 350 can be used to terminate the on-demand SSB period 30 (illustrated) or PHY signaling can be used to terminate the on-demand SSB period 30.
[0135] The updated SCell configuration 220 specified a value for a counter 230 (e.g., N) , which indicates how many on-demand SSBs 20 to be transmitted. At block 366, the UE2 starts the counter 230 after it receives the activating PHY signal 240. At block 372, UE2 updates the count of the counter 230 upon each on-demand SSB occasion. After the counter 230 reaches maximum value (increasing counter) or minimum value (decreasing counter) , the UE2 deems the on-demand SSBs 20 will not be transmitted anymore.
[0136] The following is an example of RRC message details for the proposed temporary SSB configuration.
[0137] ServingCellConfigCommon information element:
[0138] FIG 12A illustrates an example of a method 500 performed at a user equipment (UE) 110.
[0139] The method 500 comprises, at block 502, receiving from a base station serving a cell, while operating in an SSB-less mode, an indication of an on-demand SSB period, during which SSB will be transmitted, that terminates upon expiry of a counter at the apparatus or terminates on reception at the apparatus of layer one (L1) signaling from the base station
[0140] The method 500 comprises, at block 504, controlling communication with respect to SSBs during the on-demand SSB period.
[0141] If the UE 110 is a new UE to the cell, the controlling communication with respect to SSBs during the on-demand SSB period comprises measuring at least one on-demand SSB 20.
[0142] If the UE 110 is an exiting UE of the cell, the controlling communication with respect to SSBs during the on-demand SSB period comprises controlling communication (any of transmission, reception, transmission and reception) to avoid collision with or obviate the effects of collision with at least one on-demand SSB 20.
[0143] FIG 12B illustrates an example of a method 510 performed at a base station 120 during an SSB-less mode 10.
[0144] The method 510 comprises, at block 512, indicating to user equipment served by a cell, when operating in an SSB-less mode 10, an on-demand SSB period 30, during which SSB 20 will be transmitted, that terminates upon expiry of a counter 230 or terminates on layer one (L1) signaling 242.
[0145] The method 510 comprises, at block 514, transmitting SSB 20 in the cell during on-demand SSB period 30.
[0146] Fig 13 illustrates an example of a controller 400 suitable for use in an apparatus 110, 120. Implementation of a controller 400 may be as controller circuitry. The controller 400 may be implemented in hardware alone, have certain aspects in software including firmware alone or can be a combination of hardware and software (including firmware) .
[0147] As illustrated in Fig 13 the controller 400 may be implemented using instructions that enable hardware functionality, for example, by using executable instructions 406 in a general-purpose or special-purpose processor 402 that may be stored on a machine readable storage medium (disk, memory etc. ) to be executed by such a processor 402.
[0148] The processor 402 is configured to read from and write to the memory 404. The processor 402 may also comprise an output interface via which data and / or commands are output by the processor 402 and an input interface via which data and / or commands are input to the processor 402.
[0149] The memory 404 stores instructions, program, or code 406 that controls the operation of the apparatus 110, 120 when loaded into the processor 402. The computer program instructions, program or code am 406, provide the logic and routines that enables the apparatus 110, 120 to perform the methods illustrated in the accompanying FIGs. The processor 402 by reading the memory 404 is configured to load and execute the instructions, program, or code 406.
[0150] The apparatus 110 comprises:
[0151] at least one processor 402; and
[0152] at least one memory 404 storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor 402, cause the apparatus at least to:
[0153] receive from a base station serving a cell, while operating in an SSB-less mode, an indication of an on-demand SSB period, during which SSB will be transmitted, that terminates upon expiry of a counter at the apparatus or terminates on reception at the apparatus of layer one (L1) signaling from the base station; and
[0154] control communication with respect to SSBs during the on-demand SSB period.
[0155] The apparatus 120 comprises:
[0156] at least one processor 402; and
[0157] at least one memory 404 storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor 402, cause the apparatus at least to:
[0158] indicate to user equipment served by a cell, when operating in an SSB-less mode, an on-demand SSB period, during which SSB will be transmitted, that terminates upon expiry of a counter or terminates on layer one (L1) signaling; and
[0159] transmit SSB in the cell during on-demand SSB period.
[0160] In some examples, there is a (computer implemented) system comprising the apparatus 120 (e.g. base station) and one or more apparatus 120 (e.g. user equipment)
[0161] As illustrated in Fig 14, the instructions, program, or code 406 may arrive at the apparatus 110, 120 via any suitable delivery mechanism 408. The delivery mechanism 408 may be, for example, a machine readable medium, a computer-readable medium, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, a computer program product, a memory device, a record medium such as a Compact Disc Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM) or a Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) or a solid-state memory, an article of manufacture that comprises or tangibly embodies the computer program 406. The delivery mechanism may be a signal configured to reliably transfer the computer program 406. The apparatus 110, 120 may propagate or transmit the computer program 406 as a computer data signal.
[0162] The term “non-transitory” as used herein, is a limitation of the medium itself (i.e., tangible, not a signal ) as opposed to a limitation on data storage persistency (e.g., RAM vs. ROM) .
[0163] Computer program instructions for causing an apparatus 110 to perform at least the following or for performing at least the following:
[0164] receive from a base station serving a cell, while operating in an SSB-less mode, an indication of an on-demand SSB period, during which SSB will be transmitted, that terminates upon expiry of a counter at the apparatus or terminates on reception at the apparatus of layer one (L1) signaling from the base station; and
[0165] control communication with respect to SSBs during the on-demand SSB period.
[0166] Computer program instructions for causing an apparatus 120 to perform at least the following or for performing at least the following:
[0167] indicating to user equipment served by a cell, when operating in an SSB-less mode, an on-demand SSB period, during which SSB will be transmitted, that terminates upon expiry of a counter or terminates on layer one (L1) signaling; and transmitting SSB in the cell during on-demand SSB period.
[0168] The computer program instructions may be comprised in a computer program, a non-transitory computer readable medium, a computer program product, a machine readable medium. In some but not necessarily all examples, the computer program instructions may be distributed over more than one computer program.
[0169] Although the memory 404 is illustrated as a single component / circuitry it may be implemented as one or more separate components / circuitry some or all of which may be integrated / removable and / or may provide permanent / semi-permanent / dynamic / cached storage.
[0170] Although the processor 402 is illustrated as a single component / circuitry it may be implemented as one or more separate components / circuitry some or all of which may be integrated / removable. The processor 402 may be a single core or multi-core processor.
[0171] References to ‘computer-readable storage medium’ , ‘computer program product’ , ‘tangibly embodied computer program’ etc. or a ‘controller’ , ‘computer’ , ‘processor’ etc. should be understood to encompass not only computers having different architectures such as single / multi-processor architectures and sequential (Von Neumann) / parallel architectures but also specialized circuits such as field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) , application specific circuits (ASIC) , signal processing devices and other processing circuitry. References to computer program, instructions, code etc. should be understood to encompass software for a programmable processor or firmware such as, for example, the programmable content of a hardware device whether instructions for a processor, or configuration settings for a fixed-function device, gate array or programmable logic device etc.
[0172] As used in this application, the term ‘circuitry’ may refer to one or more or all the following:
[0173] (a) hardware-only circuitry implementations (such as implementations in only analog and / or digital circuitry) and
[0174] (b) combinations of hardware circuits and software, such as (as applicable) :
[0175] i. a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuit (s) with software / firmware and
[0176] ii. any portions of hardware processor (s) with software (including digital signal processor (s) ) , software, and memory or memories that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a mobile phone or server, to perform various functions and
[0177] (c) hardware circuit (s) and or processor (s) , such as a microprocessor (s) or a portion of a microprocessor (s) , that requires software (for example, firmware) for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation.
[0178] This definition of circuitry applies to all uses of this term in this application, including in any claims. As a further example, as used in this application, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware. The term circuitry also covers, for example and if applicable to the claim element, a baseband integrated circuit for a mobile device or a similar integrated circuit in a server, a cellular network device, or other computing or network device.
[0179] The blocks illustrated in the accompanying Figs may represent steps in a method and / or sections of code in the computer program 406. The illustration of a particular order to the blocks does not necessarily imply that there is a required or preferred order for the blocks and the order and arrangement of the block may be varied. Furthermore, it may be possible for some blocks to be omitted.
[0180] As used here ‘module’ refers to a unit or apparatus that excludes certain parts / components that would be added by an end manufacturer or a user. The apparatus 110, 120 can, for example be a module. A controller 400 of the apparatus 110, 120 can, for example be a module.
[0181] Where a structural feature has been described, it may be replaced by means for performing one or more of the functions of the structural feature whether that function or those functions are explicitly or implicitly described.
[0182] The above-described examples find application as enabling components of: automotive systems; telecommunication systems; electronic systems including consumer electronic products; distributed computing systems; media systems for generating or rendering media content including audio, visual and audio visual content and mixed, mediated, virtual and / or augmented reality; personal systems including personal health systems or personal fitness systems; navigation systems; user interfaces also known as human machine interfaces; networks including cellular, non-cellular, and optical networks; ad-hoc networks; the internet; the internet of things; virtualized networks; and related software and services.
[0183] The apparatus can be provided in an electronic device, for example, a mobile terminal, according to an example of the present disclosure. It should be understood, however, that a mobile terminal is merely illustrative of an electronic device that would benefit from examples of implementations of the present disclosure and, therefore, should not be taken to limit the scope of the present disclosure to the same. While in certain implementation examples, the apparatus can be provided in a mobile terminal, other types of electronic devices, such as, but not limited to: mobile communication devices, hand portable electronic devices, wearable computing devices, portable digital assistants (PDAs) , pagers, mobile computers, desktop computers, televisions, gaming devices, laptop computers, cameras, video recorders, GPS devices and other types of electronic systems, can readily employ examples of the present disclosure. Furthermore, devices can readily employ examples of the present disclosure regardless of their intent to provide mobility.
[0184] The term ‘comprise’ is used in this document with an inclusive not an exclusive meaning. That is any reference to X comprising Y indicates that X may comprise only one Y or may comprise more than one Y. If it is intended to use ‘comprise’ with an exclusive meaning then it will be made clear in the context by referring to ‘comprising only one... ’ or by using ‘consisting. ’
[0185] In this description, the wording ‘connect’ , ‘couple’ and ‘communication’ and their derivatives mean operationally connected / coupled / in communication. It should be appreciated that any number or combination of intervening components can exist (including no intervening components) , i.e., to provide direct or indirect connection / coupling / communication. Any such intervening components can include hardware and / or software components.
[0186] As used herein, the term "determine / determining" (and grammatical variants thereof) can include, not least: calculating, computing, processing, deriving, measuring, investigating, identifying, looking up (for example, looking up in a table, a database, or another data structure) , ascertaining and the like. Also, "determining" can include receiving (for example, receiving information) , accessing (for example, accessing data in a memory) , obtaining and the like. Also, "determine / determining" can include resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, and the like.
[0187] In this description, reference has been made to various examples. The description of features or functions in relation to an example indicates that those features or functions are present in that example. The use of the term ‘example’ or ‘for example’ or ‘can’ or ‘may’ in the text denotes, whether explicitly stated or not, that such features or functions are present in at least the described example, whether described as an example or not, and that they can be, but are not necessarily, present in some of or all other examples. Thus ‘example’ , ‘for example’ , ‘can’ , or ‘may’ refers to a particular instance in a class of examples. A property of the instance can be a property of only that instance or a property of the class or a property of a sub-class of the class that includes some but not all the instances in the class. It is therefore implicitly disclosed that a feature described with reference to one example but not with reference to another example, can where possible be used in that other example as part of a working combination but does not necessarily have to be used in that other example.
[0188] As used herein, “at least one of the following: ” and “at least one of ” and similar wording, where the list of two or more elements are joined by “and” or “or” mean at least any one of the elements, or at least any two or more of the elements, or at least all the elements.
[0189] Although examples have been described in the preceding paragraphs with reference to various examples, it should be appreciated that modifications to the examples given can be made without departing from the scope of the claims.
[0190] Features described in the preceding description may be used in combinations other than the combinations explicitly described above.
[0191] Although functions have been described with reference to certain features, those functions may be performable by other features whether described or not.
[0192] The description of a feature, such as an apparatus or a component of an apparatus, configured to perform a function, or for performing a function, should additionally be considered to also disclose a method of performing that function. For example, description of an apparatus configured to perform one or more actions, or for performing one or more actions, should additionally be considered to disclose a method of performing those one or more actions with or without the apparatus.
[0193] Although features have been described with reference to certain examples, those features may also be present in other examples whether described or not.
[0194] The term ‘a’ , ‘an’ or ‘the’ is used in this document with an inclusive not an exclusive meaning. That is any reference to X comprising a / an / the Y indicates that X may comprise only one Y or may comprise more than one Y unless the context clearly indicates the contrary. If it is intended to use ‘a’ , ‘an’ or ‘the’ with an exclusive meaning then it will be made clear in the context. In some circumstances the use of ‘at least one’ or ‘one or more’ may be used to emphasis an inclusive meaning but the absence of these terms should not be taken to infer any exclusive meaning.
[0195] The presence of a feature (or combination of features) in a claim is a reference to that feature or (combination of features) itself and to features that achieve substantially the same technical effect (equivalent features) . The equivalent features include, for example, features that are variants and achieve substantially the same result in substantially the same way. The equivalent features include, for example, features that perform substantially the same function, in substantially the same way to achieve substantially the same result.
[0196] In this description, reference has been made to various examples using adjectives or adjectival phrases to describe characteristics of the examples. Such a description of a characteristic in relation to an example indicates that the characteristic is present in some examples exactly as described and is present in other examples substantially as described.
[0197] The above description describes some examples of the present disclosure however those of ordinary skill in the art will be aware of possible alternative structures and method features which offer equivalent functionality to the specific examples of such structures and features described herein above and which for the sake of brevity and clarity have been omitted from the above description. Nonetheless, the above description should be read as implicitly including reference to such alternative structures and method features which provide equivalent functionality unless such alternative structures or method features are explicitly excluded in the above description of the examples of the present disclosure.
[0198] Whilst endeavoring in the foregoing specification to draw attention to those features believed to be of importance the Applicant may seek protection via the claims in respect of any patentable feature or combination of features hereinbefore referred to and / or shown in the drawings whether or not emphasis has been placed thereon.
Claims
1.An apparatus comprising:means for receiving synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block (SSB) in a cell; andmeans for receiving from a base station serving a cell, while operating in an SSB-less mode, an indication of an on-demand SSB period, during which SSB will be transmitted, that terminates upon expiry of a counter at the apparatus or terminates on reception at the apparatus of layer one (L1) signaling from the base station.2.wherein the apparatus (UE) is configured to operate in a SSB-less mode in which SSB are not expected to be transmitted by the base station during a non-transmission period while the base station is operating in the SSB-less mode, wherein the on-demand SSB period is a period during which SSB are transmitted by the base station and during which SSB are expected to be transmitted by the base station, despite falling within the non-transmission period, while the base station is operating in the SSB-less mode.3.wherein the apparatus (UE) is configured to operate in a full SSB-less mode in which SSB are not expected to be transmitted by the base station while the base station is operating in the full SSB-less mode, wherein the on-demand SSB period is a period during which SSB are transmitted by the base station and during which SSB are expected to be transmitted by the base station, while the base station is operating in the full SSB-less mode;and / orwherein the apparatus (UE) is configured to operate in a threshold SSB-less mode in which SSB are not expected to be transmitted by the base station other than on occasions defined by a periodicity while the base station is operating in the SSB-less mode, wherein the on-demand SSB period is a period during which, on additional occasions other than those defined by the periodicity, SSB are transmitted by the base station and during which SSB are expected to be transmitted by the base station while the base station is operating in the SSB-less mode.4.An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the indication is comprised in an on-demand SSB configuration or is a layer 1 signal.5.An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, configured for communication with the base station to enable time alignment between the base station and the apparatus so that the on-demand SSB period starts and ends synchronously at the base station and the apparatus.6.An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein an on-demand SSB configuration is transmitted to at least existing user equipment in the SCell for SSB collision avoidance.7.An apparatus as claimed in claim 6, wherein the on-demand SSB configuration is transmitted, via the PCell, to at least one new user equipment for the SCell for on-demand SSB measurement, in the Scell, at the new UE.8.An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the on-demand SSB configuration is sent via layer 3 messages, optionally radio resource control messages.9.An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the received indication activates an on-demand SSB configuration.10.An apparatus as claimed in claim 9, wherein the on-demand SSB configuration configures a counter, such that when the on-demand SSB period starts the counter is activated.11.An apparatus as claimed in claim 10, wherein the on-demand SSB configuration configures a counter to count on-demand SSB occasions.12.An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, comprising means for communicating with the base station to enable time alignment between the base station and the apparatus.13.An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the indication is comprised in an on-demand SSB configuration, and wherein the apparatus is configured to activate the on-demand SSB configuration in response to a trigger at a later time.14.An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the indication is comprised in an on-demand SSB configuration received via layer 3 messaging, and wherein the apparatus is configured to activate the on-demand SSB configuration in response to receptions of a layer 1 trigger signal.15.An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the on-demand SSB configuration is a predetermined temporary on-demand SSB configuration and sent in an SCell configuration message in advance of activation of the on-demand SSB configuration.16.An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the apparatus is configured to receive layer 1 signaling to enable time alignment between the base station and the apparatus.17.An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the on-demand SSB configuration configures a counter that determines termination of the on-demand SSB period.18.An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the apparatus is configured to use reception of layer 1 signaling signal to determine termination of the on-demand SSB period.19.A method comprising:receiving from a base station serving a cell, while operating in an SSB-less mode, an indication of an on-demand SSB period, during which SSB will be transmitted, that terminates upon expiry of a counter at the apparatus or terminates on reception at the apparatus of layer one (L1) signaling from the base station;controlling communication with respect to SSBs during the on-demand SSB period.20.A computer program that when runs by one or more processors of an apparatus causes the apparatus to:receive from a base station serving a cell, while operating in an SSB-less mode, an indication of an on-demand SSB period, during which SSB will be transmitted, that terminates upon expiry of a counter at the apparatus or terminates on reception at the apparatus of layer one (L1) signaling from the base station; andcontrol communication with respect to SSBs during the on-demand SSB period.21.An apparatus comprising means for:controlling transmission of synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block (SSB) in a cell;indicating to user equipment served by the cell, when operating in an SSB-less mode, an on-demand SSB period, during which SSB will be transmitted, that terminates upon expiry of a counter or terminates on layer one (L1) signaling.22.An apparatus as claimed in claim 21, wherein the indication is sent via an on-demand SSB configuration.23.An apparatus as claimed in claim 21 or 22, wherein the on-demand SSB configuration is sent via layer 3 messages, optionally radio resource control messages.24.An apparatus as claimed in claim 23, wherein the on-demand SSB configuration configures a counter, such that when the on-demand SSB period starts the counter is activated.25.An apparatus as claimed in any of claims 21 to 24, wherein the on-demand SSB configuration configures a counter to count on-demand SSB occasions.26.An apparatus as claimed in any of claims 21 to 25, configured to send and activate an on-demand SSB configuration when there is a new user equipment.27.[Corrected under Rule 26, 24.04.2024]An apparatus as claimed in any of claims 21 to 26, configured to send and activate an on-demand SSB configuration when there is a determined collision between the on-demand SSB transmission and scheduled use of the cell.28.An apparatus as claimed in any of claims 21 to 27, configured to send an on-demand SSB configuration when there is a new user equipment, and subsequently activate the on-demand SSB configuration via layer 1 signaling.29.An apparatus as claimed in any of claims 21 to 28, configured to send an on-demand SSB configuration when there is a determined collision between the on-demand SSB transmission and scheduled use of the cell, and subsequently activate the on-demand SSB configuration via layer 1 signaling.30.An apparatus as claimed in any of claims 21 to 29, wherein the apparatus is configured to transmit layer 1 signaling to enable time alignment between the apparatus and a user equipment.31.An apparatus as claimed in any of claims 21 to 30, wherein the on-demand SSB configuration configures a counter that determines termination of the on-demand SSB period.32.An apparatus as claimed in any of claims 21 to 31, configured to terminate the on-demand SSB period via layer 1 signaling.33.An apparatus comprising means for:indicating to user equipment served by a cell, when operating in an SSB-less mode, an on-demand SSB period, during which SSB will be transmitted, that terminates upon expiry of a counter or terminates on layer one (L1) signaling; andtransmitting SSB in the cell during on-demand SSB period.34.A computer program that when runs by one or more processors of an apparatus causes the apparatus to:indicating to user equipment served by a cell, when operating in an SSB-less mode, an on-demand SSB period, during which SSB will be transmitted, that terminates upon expiry of a counter or terminates on layer one (L1) signaling; andtransmitting SSB in the cell during on-demand SSB period.35.An apparatus comprising:means for receiving synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block (SSB) in a cell; andmeans for receiving from a base station serving a cell, while operating in an SSB-less mode, an indication of on-demand SSB that will terminate upon expiry of a counter at the apparatus or terminate on reception at the apparatus of layer one (L1) signaling from the base station.
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