Information processing method and system for flow cytometer and flow cytometer
The Poisson distribution-based model and spillover matrix approach in flow cytometers improve label abundance determination by reducing spillover spreading and increasing processing speed, addressing interference issues in signal de-mixing.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/073606
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-02-18
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-21
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-21
AI Technical Summary
Flow cytometers face challenges in accurately determining label abundances due to mutual interference among signals from different detection channels, necessitating an effective de-mixing process.
An information processing method and system for flow cytometers that establish a Poisson distribution model, utilize a spillover matrix from first measurement results, and solve the model using iterative reweighted least squares to obtain a target measured signal, improving the speed and accuracy of label abundance determination.
The method achieves reduced spillover spreading and enhanced speed in determining label abundances, outperforming traditional least squares and weighted least squares methods.
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Figure CN2025073606_21082025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
INFORMATION PROCESSING METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR FLOW CYTOMETER AND FLOW CYTOMETERFIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to a technical field of flow cytometry, and in particular to an information processing method and an information processing system for a flow cytometer, and a flow cytometer.BACKGROUND
[0002] Flow cytometers, such as a spectral flow cytometer, are becoming popular approaches in clinical studies for multi-color panels. Due to mutual interference among signals from different detection channels, a de-mixing process (also known as a compensation process) is required to determine label abundances for units (e.g., a cell or particle) in a sample.SUMMARY
[0003] A brief summary of the present disclosure is given below to provide a basic understanding of certain aspects of the present disclosure. However, it should be understood that the summary is not an exhaustive overview of the present disclosure. The summary is neither intended to determine key or important parts of the present disclosure, nor intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. The purpose of the summary is only to give some concepts about the present disclosure in a simplified form as a preface to a more detailed description given later.
[0004] One objective of the present disclosure is to provide an improved information processing system and an information processing method for a flow cytometer, and a flow cytometer, so as to obtain a target measured signal.
[0005] According to an aspect of the present disclosure, an information processing method for a flow cytometer is provided. The method includes: establishing, based on a Poisson distribution, a model for a measured signal obtained by measuring a target sample through the flow cytometer; setting an initial solution for the established model based on a spillover matrix calculated from a first measurement result, where the first measurement result is obtained by measuring multiple types of first samples through the flow cytometer and the first samples include a single-stained sample and / or an auto-fluorescence sample; and solving the established model to obtain a target measured signal.
[0006] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, an information processing system for a flow cytometer is provided. The system includes a processing circuit configured to:establish, based on a Poisson distribution, a model for a measured signal obtained by measuring a target sample through the flow cytometer; set an initial solution for the established model based on a spillover matrix calculated from a first measurement result, where the first measurement result is obtained by measuring multiple types of first samples through the flow cytometer, where the first samples include a single-stained sample and / or an auto-fluorescence sample; and solve the established model to obtain a target measured signal.
[0007] According to still another aspect of the present disclosure, an information processing system for a flow cytometer is provided. The system includes a processor and a memory. The memory stores instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform the information processing method as mentioned above.
[0008] According to yet another aspect of the present disclosure, a flow cytometer including the above information processing system is provided.
[0009] According to other aspects of the present disclosure, computer program codes and a computer program product for implementing the information processing method according to the present disclosure, and a computer-readable storage medium storing the computer program codes for implementing the information processing method according to the present disclosure are further provided.
[0010] Other aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are given in the following description. The detailed description is given for sufficiently disclosing preferred embodiments of the present disclosure instead of limiting the present disclosure.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0011] The present disclosure can be better understood by referring to the detailed description given below in conjunction with the drawings. Same or similar reference signs are used to represent same or similar components throughout the drawings. The drawings, together with the following detailed description, are included in the specification and form a part of the specification, to further exemplify preferred embodiments of the present disclosure and to explain principles and advantages of the present disclosure. In the drawings:
[0012] Figure 1 is a flowchart showing an exemplary flow of an information processing method for a flow cytometer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0013] Figure 2 is a diagram showing comparison between an information processing method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure and other approaches;
[0014] Figure 3 is a diagram showing comparison between an information processing method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure and other approaches;
[0015] Figure 4A, Figure 4B and Figure 4C are diagrams showing a beneficial effect brought by an information processing method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0016] Figure 5 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of an information processing system for a flow cytometer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0017] Figure 6 is a block diagram showing another configuration example of an information processing system for a flow cytometer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; and
[0018] Figure 7 is a block diagram of an exemplary structure of a personal computer applicable to an embodiment of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0019] Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are described below in conjunction with the drawings. For conciseness and clarity, not all features of an actual embodiment are described in this specification. However, it should be understood that numerous embodiment-specific decisions, for example, in accord with constraining conditions related to system and business, should be made when developing any of such actual embodiments, so as to achieve specific goals of a developer. These constraining conditions may vary with embodiments. Furthermore, it should be understood that although development work may be complicated and time-consuming, such development work is only a routine task for those skilled in the art benefiting from the present disclosure.
[0020] Here, it should also be noted that, in order to avoid blurring the present disclosure due to unnecessary details, only device structures and / or processing steps closely related to the solution according to the present disclosure are shown in the drawings, and other details not closely related to the present disclosure are omitted.
[0021] The embodiments according to the present disclosure are described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings.
[0022] Firstly, an implementation example of an information processing method for a flow cytometer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is described with reference to Figure 1 to Figure 4C. Figure 1 is a flowchart showing an exemplary flow of an information processing method 100 for a flow cytometer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 2 and Figure 3 are diagrams showing comparison between the information processing method 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure and other approaches under an exemplary condition with three colors and an exemplary condition with five colors, respectively. Figure 4A to Figure 4C are diagrams showing a beneficial effect brought by the information processing method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0023] As shown in Figure 1, the information processing method 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may start from a step S102 and end at a step S110. The information processing method 100 may include a model establishing step S104, an initial solution setting step S106 and a model solving step S108.
[0024] In the model establishing step S104, based on a Poisson distribution, a model is established for a measured signal obtained by measuring a target sample through the flow cytometer. For example, the target sample may be a multi-stained sample.
[0025] For example, the established model (also called a "Poisson model" ) may be indicated by the formula (1) below:
[0026]
[0027] In the formula (1) , P () indicates a probability that a photon reaches a detector, y indicates a measured signal, λ is an expected value of y. In the Poisson model, variance is equal to the expected value, and then the following formula (2) is obtained.
[0028] Var (y) =λ Formula (2)
[0029] In the formula (2) , Var () indicates the variance.
[0030] In addition, the target measured signal is linked by a linear equation (for example, a linear equation as shown in formula (3) ) . An element βi in i-th row in the target measured signal β indicates a signal component corresponding to an i-th label. For example, a label abundance, related to the i-th label, of a unit (for example, a cell or particle) in the target sample is determined based on βi.
[0031] E (Y) =λ=XL×p*β Formula (3)
[0032] In the formula (3) , XL×P indicates a spillover matrix. For example, the spillover matrix is obtained from a first measurement result, which is obtained by measuring multiple types of first samples through the flow cytometer. The first samples may include a single-stained sample and / or an auto-fluorescence sample.
[0033] In an example, the information processing method 100 may further include obtaining the first measurement result by measuring multiple types of first samples through the flow cytometer (not shown) . In another example, the information processing method 100 may further include obtaining the first measurement result or a part of the first measurement result from an acquired / imported file or a spectral library (not shown) .
[0034] In the initial solution setting step S106, the initial solution is set for the established model based on the spillover matrix, which can improve a speed for solving the Poisson model.
[0035] In the model solving step S108, the established model is solved to obtain the target measured signal.
[0036] For a flow cytometer, for example, a spectral flow cytometer, a compensation process is required to be performed on a measured signal to obtain a target measured signal, so as to determine label abundance for each unit in the sample. As mentioned above, in the information processing method 100 according to the embodiment of the present disclosure, the model is established for the measured signal based on the Poisson distribution, and then the model is solved to obtain the target measured signal. Thereby, the label abundance for each unit may be determined based on the target measured signal. As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, a result obtained by the information processing method 100 according to the embodiment of the present disclosure has smaller spillover spreading, as compared with a first approach which utilizes the least squares (LSM) and a second approach which utilizes the weighted least squares (WLSM) .
[0037] For example, the spillover matrix XL×P calculated from the first measurement result is expressed as the following formula (4) :
[0038]
[0039] In the formula (4) , L indicates the number of detectors, and p, which is greater than 0, indicates the number of labels, which corresponds to the number of types of the first samples. For example, p is equal to s+t, wherein s, which is greater than or equal to zero, indicates the number of types of single-stained samples, and t, which is greater than or equal to zero, indicates the number of types of auto-fluorescence samples.
[0040] Each column in the spillover matrix XL×P corresponds to a spectral feature of fluorescence (in case of a single-stained sample) or auto-fluorescence (in case of a auto-fluorescence sample) . Signals in a same row in the spillover matrix XL×P correspond to a same detector.
[0041] For example, the i-th column in the spillover matrix XL×P may be expressed as the following formula (5) in the case that an i-th label corresponds to an auto-fluorescence sample.
[0042]
[0043] In the formula (5) , Median (Unstained) indicates respective mean values of measured signals obtained by respective detectors in the case that the auto-fluorescence sample corresponding to the i-th label is not stained. That is, X1icorresponds to a mean value of measured signals obtained by a first detector and X2i corresponds to a mean value of measured signals obtained by a second detector, and so on.
[0044] In case of a single stained sample, there is background noise, which may be removed in various manners, depending on specific conditions. For example, in a case in which both positive population and negative population exist, the background noise may be removed by expressing the i-th column in the spillover matrix XL×P as the following formula (6) .
[0045]
[0046] In the formula (6) , Median (Positive) and Median (Negative) represent respective mean values of measured signals corresponding to the positive population and respective mean values of the measured signals corresponding to the negative population, respectively, which are obtained by detectors when injecting the single-stained samples stained by a stain corresponding to the i-th label into the flow cytometer.
[0047] For example, in a case in which only the positive population exits, the background noise may be removed by expressing the i-th column in the spillover matrix XL×P as the following formula (7) .
[0048]
[0049] In the formula (7) , Median (Unstained) represents respective mean values of measured signals obtained by respective detectors when injecting un-stained samples into the flow cytometer.
[0050] After elements in the spillover matrix XL×P are acquired from the formula (5) to formula (7) , the elements in the spillover matrix XL×P are normalized in columns to obtain a final spillover matrix.
[0051] For example, an initial estimated target measured signal β′ obtained by solving the following formula (8) is determined as the initial solution to Poisson model.
[0052] y=XL×Pβ′ Formula (8)
[0053] In the formula (8) , y indicates the measured signal obtained by measuring the target sample through the flow cytometer.
[0054] In a flow cytometer utilizing a full-spectral detectors optical system, the number of detectors L is larger than the number of labels p, that is, 0<p<L. Therefore, it is difficult to acquire the initial estimated target measured signal β′ by directly solving the formula (8) . In this regard, inventors of the present application find, from a lot of experiments that, an expanded spillover matrix X′L×L whose columns and rows are equal in number may be obtained by expanding the spillover matrix XL×P, and thereby obtaining the initial estimated target measured signal β′ based on the expanded spillover matrix X′L×L. For example, a formula (9) is obtained by replacing the spillover matrix XL×P in the formula (8) with the expanded spillover matrix X′L×L, and the initial estimated target measured signal β′ is obtained by solving the following formula (9) .
[0055] y=X′L×Lβ′ Formula (9)
[0056] For example, another matrix (for example, a matrix ML× (L-P) expressed as the following formula (10) ) is utilized for expanding the spillover matrix XL×P, so that the rows and columns of the expanded spillover matrix are equal in number.
[0057]
[0058] The inventors of the present application find, from a lot of experiments that, the speed for solving the Poisson distribution can be further improved by: expanding the spillover matrix XL×P with a diagonal matrix in which all elements in the main diagonal are equal to 1 to obtain the expanded spillover matrix X′L×L and acquiring the initial estimated target measured signal β′ based on the expanded spillover matrix X′L×L. In this case, the expanded spillover matrix X′L×L is expressed as the following formula (11) .
[0059]
[0060] For example, the solving process for the established model in the model solving step S108 may be converted into maximum likelihood estimation expressed as the following formula (12) . The solving process may also be called "Poisson regression" .
[0061]
[0062] In the formula (12) , corresponds to the target measured signal.
[0063] For example, the established model is solved through the iterative reweighted least squares. In this case, each iteration includes the following step 1 to step 3. In step 1, a weight is updated from the following formula (13) .
[0064] In the formula (13) , g′ (μ) =power*μpower-1, var (μ) =|μ|power, power=1.
[0065] In step 2, y is updated from following formula (14) .
[0066] yi=ηi-1+g′ (μi-1) * (y-μi-1) =y Formula (14)
[0067] In the formula (14) , ηi-1=μi-1, and g′ (μi-1) =1. In step 3, the model is updated from following formula (15) .
[0068]
[0069] In the formula (15) , βi indicates the target measured signal obtained from the i-th iteration. The above formula (15) is solved by utilizing the least squares (LSM) to obtain an estimated parameterβi. The estimated parameter βi is utilized to calculate a mean valueμi, where μi=XL×Pβi, and μi is used to update the weight in a next iteration. For example, in the first iteration, β0 is the initial estimated target measured signal β′ obtained by solving the above formula (9) .
[0070] The above step1 to step 3 are repeated until a preset convergence rule is met. The convergence rule may be that a residual value D is less than a preset value ∈, which for example, may be expressed as the following formula (16) .
[0071]
[0072] Figure 4A, Figure 4B and Figure 4C show exemplary target measured signals which are obtained through 1 iteration, 5 iterations and 25 iterations, respectively. As can be seen, the target measured signals in Figure 4A, Figure 4B and Figure 4C are slightly different from each other, which proves that a good result can be obtained through a small number of iterations with the information processing method 100 according to the present disclosure, and a speed for solving the model can be improved significantly by setting the initial solution through the spillover matrix.
[0073] Although examples in in which the established model is solved by the iterative reweighted least squares have been mainly described above, the established model may be solved by another method (for example, the Newton-Raphson method) , depending on actual requirements.
[0074] The information processing method 100 for the flow cytometer according to the embodiments of the present disclosure has been described above. Correspondingly, an information processing system for the flow cytometer is also provided according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 5 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of the information processing system 500 for a flow cytometer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0075] For example, as shown in Figure 5, the information processing system 500 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include a processing circuit 502.
[0076] For example, the processing circuit 502 is configured to: establish, based on a Poisson distribution, a model for a measured signal obtained by measuring a target sample through the flow cytometer; set an initial solution for the established model based on a spillover matrix calculated from a first measurement result, and solve the established model to obtain a target measured signal. In this way, a good target measured signal can be obtained.
[0077] For example, the first measurement result may be obtained by measuring multiple types of first samples through the flow cytometer. The first samples may include a single-stained sample and / or an auto-fluorescence sample.
[0078] In addition, a speed for solving the model can be improved by setting the initial solution for the established model.
[0079] For example, the processing circuit 502 may expand the above spillover matrix by using a diagonal matrix whose elements on a main diagonal are all equal to 1, to obtain an expanded spillover matrix in which the number of rows is equal to the number of columns, and set an initial solution for the established model based on the expanded spillover matrix. Thereby, the speed for solving the model can be further improved.
[0080] For example, the processing circuit 502 solves the established model through the iterative reweighted least squares.
[0081] An information processing system 600 for a flow cytometer is also provided according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 6 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of the information processing system 600 for a flow cytometer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0082] For example, as shown in Figure 6, the information processing system 600 according to the embodiment of the present disclosure may include a processor 602 and a memory 604. The memory stores instructions. The instructions, when executed by the processor 602, cause the processor 602 to perform the model establishing step S104, the initial solution setting step S106 and the model solving step S108 as described with reference to Figure 1.
[0083] In addition, a flow cytometer including the above information processing system 500 or 600 is provided according to embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, the flow cytometer may include, but not limited to, a spectral flow cytometer. For example, the spectral flow cytometer may utilize a full-spectral detectors optical system, where the number of detectors is larger than the number of labels, and no detector is priorly assigned for measurement of any label.
[0084] It should be noted that though functional configurations and operations of the information processing system and the information processing method for a flow cytometer as well as the flow cytometer according to the embodiments of the present disclosure have been described above, the above descriptions are merely illustrative rather than restrictive. Those skilled in the art may modify the above embodiments based on principles of the present disclosure. For example, those skilled in the art may add, delete or combine functional modules and operations in the above embodiments. Such modifications fall within the scope of the present disclosure.
[0085] It should further be noted that the system embodiments herein correspond to the above method embodiments. Therefore, for details not described in the system embodiments, reference may be made to corresponding description of the method embodiments, and these details are not repeated here.
[0086] In addition, a storage medium and a program product are further provided according to the present disclosure. It should be understood that machine executable instructions in the storage medium and the program product according to embodiments of the present disclosure may further be configured to perform the above information processing method. Therefore, details not described here may refer to corresponding parts in the above, and are not repeated here.
[0087] Accordingly, a storage medium for carrying the program product including machine executable instructions is also included in the present disclosure. The storage medium includes but is not limited to a floppy disk, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, a memory card, a memory stick and the like.
[0088] In addition, it should further be pointed out that the above series of processing and systems may also be implemented by software and / or firmware. In a case that the above series of processing and systems are implemented by software and / or firmware, a program constituting the software is installed from a storage medium or network to a computer with a dedicated hardware structure, for example, a general-purpose personal computer 700 as shown in Figure 7. The computer can perform various functions when being installed with various programs.
[0089] In Figure 7, a central processing unit (CPU) 701 performs various processing according to a program stored in a read-only memory (ROM) 702 or a program loaded from a storage part 708 to a random-access memory (RAM) 703. Data for the CPU 701 performing various processing is also stored in the RAM 703 as needed.
[0090] The CPU 701, the ROM 702 and the RAM 703 are connected to each other via a bus 704. An input / output interface 705 is also connected to the bus 704.
[0091] The following parts are connected to the input / output interface 705: an input part 706 including a keyboard, a mouse and the like; an output part 707 including a display such as a cathode ray tube (CRT) and a liquid crystal display (LCD) , a loudspeaker and the like; a storage part 708 including a hard disk and the like; and a communication part 709 including a network interface card such as a local area network (LAN) card, a modem and the like. The communication part 709 performs communication processing via a network, e.g., the Internet.
[0092] A driver 710 may also be connected to the input / output interface 705 as needed. A removable medium 711 such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, and a semiconductor memory is installed in the driver 710 as needed, so that a computer program read from the removable medium 711 is installed in the storage part 708 as needed.
[0093] In a case that the above series of processing is implemented by software, the program constituting the software is installed from the network, e.g., the Internet or the storage medium, e.g., the removable medium 711.
[0094] Those skilled in the art should understand that the storage medium is not limited to the removable medium 711 as shown in Figure 7 that has the program stored therein and is distributed separately from the device so as to provide the program to the user. Examples of the removable medium 711 include a magnetic disk (including a floppy disk (registered trademark) ) , an optical disk (including a compact disk read only memory (CD-ROM) and a digital versatile disc (DVD) ) , a magneto-optical disk (including a MiniDisc (MD) (registered trademark) ) , and a semiconductor memory. Alternatively, the storage medium may be the ROM 702, a hard disk included in the storage part 708 or the like. The storage medium has a program stored therein and is distributed to the user together with a device in which the storage medium is included.
[0095] Preferred embodiments of the present disclosure have been described above with reference to the drawings. However, the present disclosure is not limited to the above embodiments. Those skilled in the art may obtain various modifications and changes within the scope of the appended claims. It should be understood that these modifications and changes naturally fall within the technical scope of the present disclosure.
[0096] For example, multiple functions implemented by one unit in the above embodiments may be implemented by separate devices. Alternatively, multiple functions implemented by multiple units in the above embodiments may be implemented by separate devices, respectively. In addition, one of the above functions may be implemented by multiple units. Such configuration is certainly included in the technical scope of the present disclosure.
[0097] In this specification, the steps described in the flowchart include not only processing performed in time series in the described order, but also processing performed in parallel or individually rather than necessarily in time series. Furthermore, the steps performed in time series may be performed in another order appropriately.
Claims
1.An information processing method for a flow cytometer, comprising:establishing, based on a Poisson distribution, a model for a measured signal obtained by measuring a target sample through the flow cytometer;setting an initial solution for the established model based on a spillover matrix calculated from a first measurement result, wherein the first measurement result is obtained by measuring a plurality of types of first samples through the flow cytometer, and the first samples comprise a single-stained sample and / or an auto-fluorescence sample; andsolving the established model to obtain a target measured signal.2.The information processing method according to claim 1, wherein the setting an initial solution for the established model based on a spillover matrix calculated from a first measurement result comprises:expanding the spillover matrix with a diagonal matrix whose elements in a main diagonal are equal to 1, so that the number of rows of the expanded spillover matrix is equal to the number of columns of the expanded spillover matrix, andsetting the initial solution for the established model based on the expanded spillover matrix.3.The information processing method according to claim 1 or 2, whereinthe established model is solved by iterative reweighted least squares.4.An information processing system for a flow cytometer, comprising: a processing circuit configured to:establish, based on a Poisson distribution, a model for a measured signal obtained by measuring a target sample through the flow cytometer;set an initial solution for the established model based on a spillover matrix calculated from a first measurement result, wherein the first measurement result is obtained by measuring a plurality of types of first samples through the flow cytometer, and the first samples comprise a single-stained sample and / or an auto-fluorescence sample; andsolve the established model to obtain a target measured signal.5.The information processing system according to claim 4, wherein the processing circuit is configured to:expand the spillover matrix with a diagonal matrix whose elements in a main diagonal are equal to 1, so that the number of rows of the expanded spillover matrix is the same as the number of columns of the expanded spillover matrix, andset the initial solution for the established model based on the expanded spillover matrix.6.The information processing system according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the established model is solved by iterative reweighted least squares.7.An information processing system for a flow cytometer, comprising:a processor; anda memory having instructions stored therein, the instructions, when executed by the processor, causing the processor to perform the information processing method according to any one of claims 1 to 3.8.A flow cytometer, comprising the information processing system according to any one of claims 4 to 7.9.A computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored therein, the instructions, when executed by a processor, causing the processor to perform the information processing method according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
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