Sound-insulating concrete slab and production method for sound-insulating concrete slab

Abstract

This sound-insulating concrete slab has a principal surface that has a flat portion and a plurality of grooves that are recessed from the flat portion. The plurality of grooves extend in a first direction and are arranged in a second direction that is orthogonal to the first direction. The plurality of grooves include a plurality of first grooves and a plurality of second grooves. The ratio (D2 / D1) of the depth D2 of the second grooves to the depth D1 of the first grooves is 0.10–0.70.

Description

Sound-insulating concrete board and method of manufacturing sound-insulating concrete board

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a sound-insulating concrete panel and a method for manufacturing the sound-insulating concrete panel.

[0002] 2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, soundproof panels have been used to insulate or absorb noise from noise sources (for example, highways, factory equipment, etc.).

[0003] Patent Document 1 discloses a sound-absorbing concrete panel 90 as a soundproofing panel. As shown in Figure 20, the sound-absorbing concrete panel 90 consists of a plate-shaped porous concrete section 91 with an uneven shape and a plate-shaped ordinary concrete section 92. A storage space 93 is formed on the ordinary concrete section 92 side between the porous concrete section 91 and the ordinary concrete section 92. One type of groove 94 is formed in the porous concrete section 91.

[0004] Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-279345

[0005] Soundproofing panels are typically installed in factories to reduce the spread of noise from machinery (e.g., presses, shears, forging machines, printing machines, etc.) to the surrounding area. A work space or rest area may be provided near the wall on the noise source side of the soundproofing panel. Therefore, it is desirable for the sound pressure of machinery noise to be low near the surface of the soundproofing panel facing the source of the machinery noise (e.g., 10 cm away). The frequency range of machinery noise depends on the type of machinery, and typically, a specific range between 100 Hz and 4000 Hz has a particularly large impact.

[0006] However, when the sound-absorbing concrete panel 90 disclosed in Patent Document 1 is used as a soundproof panel, only one type of groove 94 is formed in the porous concrete portion 91. Therefore, the frequency range of sound pressure attenuated by the sound-absorbing concrete panel 90 may be narrow in the vicinity (e.g., 10 cm) of the surface facing the machine noise source. For these reasons, there is a demand for a sound-insulating concrete panel that has a simple structure and can attenuate sound pressure in a wide frequency range in the vicinity (e.g., 10 cm) of the surface facing the sound source.

[0007] The present disclosure has been made in consideration of the above circumstances. An object of one embodiment of the present disclosure is to provide a sound-insulating concrete panel that has a simple structure and is capable of attenuating the sound pressure of sounds over a wide frequency range near the surface facing the sound source, and a method for manufacturing the same.

[0008] Means for solving the above problems include the following embodiments. <1> A sound-insulating concrete panel having a main surface on which a flat portion and a plurality of grooves recessed from the flat portion are formed, the plurality of grooves extending along a first direction and arranged along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, the plurality of grooves including a plurality of first grooves and a plurality of second grooves, and a ratio (D2 / D1) of a depth D2 of the second grooves to a depth D1 of the first grooves is 0.10 to 0.70. <2> The sound-insulating concrete panel according to <1>, wherein the plurality of first grooves and the plurality of second grooves are arranged regularly such that each second groove is interposed between two adjacent first grooves. <3> The sound-insulating concrete panel according to <1> or <2>, wherein the depth D1 is 0.3 m to 0.5 m, and the ratio (D2 / D1) is 0.60 to 0.40. <4> The sound-insulating concrete panel according to <1> or <2>, wherein the length in the second direction of the opening of the second groove is the same as the length in the second direction of the opening of the first groove, the depth D1 is 0.3 m to 0.5 m, and the ratio (D2 / D1) of D2 is 0.35 to 0.15. <5> The sound-insulating concrete panel according to <1> or <2>, wherein the length in the second direction of the opening of the second groove is longer than the length in the second direction of the opening of the first groove, the depth D1 is 0.3 m to 0.5 m, and the ratio (D2 / D1) is 0.35 to 0.15. <6> A method for manufacturing the sound-insulating concrete panel according to any one of <1> to <5>, comprising: preparing a formwork and fresh concrete; and pouring the fresh concrete into the formwork and curing it to form the sound-insulating concrete panel, wherein the formwork includes a main surface forming sheathing that forms the main surface. <7> The method for manufacturing the sound-insulating concrete panel according to <6>, wherein the main surface forming sheathing is a modeled object created by a 3D printer.

[0009] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a sound-insulating concrete panel and a manufacturing method thereof are provided that can attenuate the sound pressure of sounds over a wide frequency range with a simple structure near the surface facing the sound source.

[0010] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a sound-insulating concrete panel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II-II in FIG. 1 . FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a sound-insulating concrete panel (simulation model) of Comparative Example 1. FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between sound pressure ratio and frequency in Comparative Example 1. FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a sound-insulating concrete panel (simulation model) of Comparative Example 2. FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between sound pressure ratio and frequency in Comparative Examples 2 and 3. FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of a sound-insulating concrete panel (simulation model) of Comparative Example 3. FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of a sound-insulating concrete panel (simulation model) of Example 1. FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between sound pressure ratio and frequency in Example 1. FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of a sound-insulating concrete panel (simulation model) of Example 2. FIG. 11 is a graph showing the relationship between sound pressure ratio and frequency in Example 2. FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram of a sound-insulating concrete panel (simulation model) of Comparative Example 4. FIG. 13 is a graph showing the relationship between sound pressure ratio and frequency in Comparative Example 4. Fig. 14 is an explanatory diagram of a sound-insulating concrete board (simulation model) of Example 3. Fig. 15 is a graph showing the relationship of sound pressure ratio to frequency in Example 3. Fig. 16 is an explanatory diagram of a sound-insulating concrete board (simulation model) of Example 4. Fig. 17 is a graph showing the relationship of sound pressure ratio to frequency in Example 4. Fig. 18 is an explanatory diagram of a sound-insulating concrete board (simulation model) of Example 5. Fig. 19 is a graph showing the relationship of sound pressure ratio to frequency in Example 5. Fig. 20 is a perspective view of a conventional sound-absorbing concrete board.

[0011] In the present disclosure, when a numerical range is indicated by "to," the numerical values ​​before and after the "to" symbol are used to mean that the upper and lower limits are included. In the present disclosure, in numerical ranges described in stages, the upper or lower limit value described in one numerical range may be replaced with the upper or lower limit value of another staged numerical range. In the numerical ranges described in the present disclosure, the upper or lower limit value of the numerical range may be replaced with a value shown in the examples. In the present disclosure, the term "step" includes not only an independent step, but also a step that cannot be clearly distinguished from other steps, as long as the intended purpose of the step is achieved. In the present disclosure, when referring to the amount of each component in a composition, if the composition contains multiple substances corresponding to each component, it means the total amount of the multiple substances present in the composition, unless otherwise specified.

[0012] (1) Sound-insulating concrete panel The sound-insulating concrete panel of the present disclosure has a main surface (hereinafter also referred to as an "uneven main surface") on which a flat portion and a plurality of grooves recessed from the flat portion are formed. The plurality of grooves extend along a first direction and are arranged along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. The plurality of grooves includes a plurality of first grooves and a plurality of second grooves. The ratio (D2 / D1) of the depth D2 of the second groove to the depth D1 of the first groove (hereinafter also simply referred to as the "ratio (D2 / D1)") is 0.10 to 0.70.

[0013] The "depth" refers to the length from the flat portion of the concave-convex main surface to the bottom of the groove in a third direction perpendicular to the first and second directions. In the present disclosure, when the plurality of grooves includes three or more types of grooves with different groove depths, it is sufficient that there is one or more combinations of grooves that satisfy the ratio (D2 / D1) of 0.10 to 0.70.

[0014] Because the sound-insulating concrete panel of the present disclosure has the above-described configuration, it is capable of attenuating sound pressure in a wide frequency range with a simple structure near the surface facing the sound source. This effect is presumed to be due to, but not limited to, the following reasons. Generally, sound incident on the uneven main surface propagates back and forth within the uneven main surface, becoming reflected waves, and the incident and reflected sound waves may cancel each other out, resulting in attenuation of sound pressure. The frequency of the attenuated sound pressure depends on the depth of the grooves in the uneven main surface, which corresponds to the propagation distance. In the present disclosure, the ratio (D2 / D1) is 0.10 to 0.70. Therefore, the frequency range of the attenuated sound pressure is wider than in a configuration in which the multiple grooves include either the first groove or the second groove. As a result, it is presumed that the sound-insulating concrete panel of the present disclosure can attenuate sound pressure in a wide frequency range with a simple structure (i.e., a structure in which the depths of the first groove and the second groove are simply adjusted) near the surface facing the sound source.

[0015] The sound-insulating concrete panel of the present disclosure is used to suppress the diffusion of noise from a sound source to the surrounding area. Examples of sound sources include, but are not limited to, machinery used in factories (e.g., presses, shears, forging machines, printing machines, etc.), fans, and compressors. The frequency of noise generated from presses is typically about 250 Hz to 1000 Hz. The frequency of noise generated from shears is typically about 500 Hz to 4000 Hz. The frequency of noise generated from forging machines is typically about 250 Hz to 1000 Hz. The frequency of noise generated from printing machines that print on sheet-fed paper (hereinafter also referred to as "sheet-fed printing machines") is typically about 125 Hz to 500 Hz. The frequency of noise generated from printing machines that print on web paper (hereinafter also referred to as "rotary printing machines") is typically about 250 Hz to 2000 Hz.

[0016] The sound-insulating concrete panel of the present disclosure is a plate-shaped object. The outer shape and size of the sound-insulating concrete panel are not particularly limited and can be selected appropriately depending on the installation location, etc.

[0017] The structure of the sound-insulating concrete board of the present disclosure is not particularly limited, and may be a solid structure or a non-solid structure (for example, a porous structure, a lattice structure, a hollow structure, etc.). A "solid structure" refers to a structure that does not have the ability to convert acoustic energy into heat (i.e., sound absorption performance). A "non-solid structure" refers to a structure that has the ability to convert acoustic energy into heat (i.e., sound absorption performance). A "porous structure" refers to a sponge-like structure with many voids inside. A "lattice structure" refers to a structure in which branched lattices are periodically arranged. A "hollow structure" refers to a structure that has a space surrounded by walls.

[0018] The installation direction of the sound-insulating concrete panel of the present disclosure is not particularly limited. The sound-insulating concrete panel of the present disclosure may be installed so that the first direction is parallel to the direction of gravity, or so that the first direction is not parallel to the direction of gravity (for example, so that the second direction is parallel to the direction of gravity).

[0019] (1.1) Main Surface The irregular main surface has a flat portion and a plurality of grooves. The size of the irregular main surface is not particularly limited and is selected appropriately depending on the installation location, etc.

[0020] (1.2) Multiple Grooves The multiple grooves extend along a first direction and are arranged along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction.

[0021] The number of the plurality of grooves is not particularly limited and is appropriately selected depending on the type of sound source, the size of the sound-insulating concrete plate, etc. When the length of the sound-insulating concrete plate in the second direction is 6.0 m, the number of the plurality of grooves may be 10 to 30.

[0022] In the second direction, the interval between adjacent grooves is appropriately selected depending on the type of sound source, etc., and may be equal or unequal. When the interval between adjacent grooves is equal, the interval between adjacent grooves may be 0.02 m to 0.50 m.

[0023] The plurality of grooves includes a plurality of first grooves and a plurality of second grooves. A depth D1 of the first grooves is greater than a depth D2 of the second grooves. The plurality of grooves may further include grooves other than the first grooves and the second grooves.

[0024] The number of each of the first grooves and the second grooves is not particularly limited. The number of the first grooves may be the same as the number of the second grooves, or may be greater than or less than the number of the second grooves.

[0025] The plurality of first grooves and the plurality of second grooves are preferably arranged regularly such that one or more second grooves are interposed between two adjacent first grooves. This allows the sound-insulating concrete panel of the present disclosure to attenuate sound pressure more than a configuration in which the plurality of first grooves are arranged regularly such that one second groove is interposed between two adjacent first grooves. The plurality of first grooves and the plurality of second grooves may also be arranged regularly such that two second grooves are interposed between two adjacent first grooves.

[0026] The cross-sectional shape of each of the first groove and the second groove when cut along a plane perpendicular to the first direction (hereinafter also referred to as "cross-sectional shape") is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a rectangular U-shape, a trapezoidal U-shape, a U-shape, a V-shape, a semicircular shape, a semi-elliptical shape, etc. The cross-sectional shape of the first groove and the cross-sectional shape of the second groove may be the same or different.

[0027] The ratio (D2 / D1) is 0.10 to 0.70. The ratio (D2 / D1) is appropriately selected depending on the type of sound source, etc., and may be 0.40 to 0.50, or 0.15 to 0.35.

[0028] The depth D1 of the first groove is not particularly limited, and may be selected appropriately depending on the type of sound source, etc., and may be 0.05 m to 0.50 m.

[0029] The depth D2 of the second groove is not particularly limited as long as the ratio (D2 / D1) is 0.10 to 0.70, and is appropriately selected depending on the type of sound source, etc.

[0030] The length in the second direction of each opening of the first groove and the second groove (hereinafter also referred to as "width") is not particularly limited and may be selected appropriately depending on the type of sound source, etc., and may be 0.1 m to 0.6 m. The width of the first groove and the width of the second groove may be the same or different.

[0031] (1.3) Preferred aspect: It is preferable that the depth D1 is 0.3 m to 0.5 m, and the ratio (D2 / D1) is 0.60 to 0.40. As a result, the sound-insulating concrete panel of the present disclosure can effectively attenuate the sound pressure of noise (frequency: 125 Hz to 500 Hz) generated by a sheet-fed printing press in the vicinity of the surface facing the sheet-fed printing press, with a simple structure.

[0032] Preferably, the length of the opening of the second groove in the second direction is the same as the length of the opening of the first groove in the second direction, the depth D1 is 0.3 m to 0.5 m, and the ratio (D2 / D1) is 0.35 to 0.15. As a result, the sound-insulating concrete panel of the present disclosure can, with a simple structure, effectively attenuate the sound pressure of noise (frequency: 250 Hz to 1000 Hz) generated by the press machine near the surface facing the press machine.

[0033] Preferably, the length of the opening of the second groove in the second direction is longer than the length of the opening of the first groove in the second direction, the depth D1 is 0.3 m to 0.5 m, and the ratio (D2 / D1) is 0.35 to 0.15. As a result, the sound-insulating concrete panel of the present disclosure can, with a simple structure, effectively attenuate the sound pressure of noise (frequency: 250 Hz to 2000 Hz) generated by the rotary printing press near the surface facing the rotary printing press.

[0034] (1.4) Material The material of the sound-insulating concrete board is not particularly limited, and may be selected appropriately depending on the structure of the sound-insulating concrete board.

[0035] The sound-insulating concrete panel is formed by curing fresh concrete. The method for manufacturing the sound-insulating concrete panel will be described in detail later.

[0036] The composition of fresh concrete is not particularly limited and is appropriately selected depending on the application of the concrete, etc. Fresh concrete may contain cement, aggregate, and water, and may further contain admixtures. Examples of cement include ordinary Portland cement, high-early-strength Portland cement, ultra-high-early-strength Portland cement, low-heat Portland cement, and moderate-heat Portland cement. The unit cement amount is preferably 270 kg / m ３ ~500 kg / m ３ Examples of the aggregate include fine aggregate (e.g., river sand, mountain sand, land sand, etc.) and coarse aggregate (e.g., river gravel, mountain gravel, crushed stone, etc.). The unit amount of the aggregate is 500 kg / m ３ ~1100 kg / m ３ Examples of water include tap water and treated sewage water. The unit amount of water is 100 kg / m ３ ~200 kg / m ３ Examples of the admixture include air-entraining agents (AE agents), water-reducing agents, foaming agents, foaming agents, setting regulators, hardening accelerators, waterproofing agents, water-repellent agents, water-retaining agents, rust inhibitors, thickeners, pigments, and anti-efflorescence agents.

[0037] (1.5) Embodiment A sound-insulating concrete panel 1 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.

[0038] As shown in Fig. 1, the sound-insulating concrete panel 1 is a solid rectangular parallelepiped object. The sound-insulating concrete panel 1 has an uneven main surface S1.

[0039] Hereinafter, the longitudinal direction of the uneven main surface S1 of the sound-insulating concrete plate 1 will be referred to as the X-axis direction, the short side direction of the uneven main surface S1 of the sound-insulating concrete plate 1 will be referred to as the Z-axis direction, and the thickness direction of the sound-insulating concrete plate 1 will be referred to as the Y-axis direction. The X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis are each perpendicular to one another. The X-axis direction is an example of a second direction. The Z-axis direction is an example of a first direction. Note that these directions do not limit the orientation of the sound-insulating concrete plate of the present disclosure when in use.

[0040] The length L1 (see FIG. 1) of the sound-insulating concrete panel 1 in the X-axis direction is, for example, 2.0 m to 10.0 m. The length L2 (see FIG. 1) of the sound-insulating concrete panel 1 in the Z-axis direction is, for example, 2.0 m to 4.0 m. The length L3 (see FIG. 1) of the sound-insulating concrete panel 1 in the Y-axis direction is, for example, 0.2 m to 0.6 m.

[0041] The concave-convex main surface S1 has a plurality of flat portions P, six grooves G1 (hereinafter also referred to as "deep grooves G1"), four grooves G2 (hereinafter also referred to as "intermediate grooves G2"), and fifteen grooves G3 (hereinafter also referred to as "shallow grooves G3") formed therein. Each of the deep grooves G1, intermediate grooves G2, and shallow grooves G3 extends along the Z-axis direction and is arranged along the X-axis direction.

[0042] In detail, shallow groove G3, shallow groove G3, shallow groove G3, deep groove G1, shallow groove G3, intermediate groove G2, shallow groove G3, deep groove G1, shallow groove G3, shallow groove G3, intermediate groove G2, deep groove G1, shallow groove G3, deep groove G1, intermediate groove G2, shallow groove G3, shallow groove G3, deep groove G1, shallow groove G3, intermediate groove G2, shallow groove G3, deep groove G1, shallow groove G3, shallow groove G3, and shallow groove G3 are arranged at equal intervals along the X-axis direction in this order.

[0043] The distance L4 between adjacent grooves (see FIG. 2) is, for example, 0.02 m to 0.4 m.

[0044] The cross-sectional shape of each of the deep groove G1, the intermediate groove G2 and the shallow groove G3 is a rectangular U-shape.

[0045] The depth L5 of the deep groove G1 (see FIG. 2) is, for example, 0.1 m to 0.5 m. The depth L6 of the intermediate groove G2 (see FIG. 2) is shorter than L7, for example, 0.1 m to 0.5 m. The depth L7 of the shallow groove G3 (see FIG. 2) is shorter than L6, for example, 0.1 m to 0.5 m.

[0046] In this embodiment, the ratio (L7 / L5) is 0.10 to 0.70.

[0047] The width L8 (see FIG. 2) of each of the deep groove G1, the intermediate groove G2 and the shallow groove G3 is, for example, 0.1 m to 0.6 m.

[0048] (1.5.1) Effects As described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, the sound-insulating concrete panel 1 has an uneven main surface. The uneven main surface has a plurality of flat portions and a plurality of grooves (deep groove G1, intermediate groove G2, and shallow groove G3). The ratio (L7 / D8) is 0.10 to 0.70. As a result, in this embodiment, the frequency range of the sound pressure that is attenuated is wider than in a configuration in which the plurality of grooves includes any one of the deep groove G1, intermediate groove G2, and shallow groove G3. As a result, the sound-insulating concrete panel 1 can attenuate sound pressure in a wide frequency range near the surface facing the sound source with a simple structure (i.e., a structure in which the depths of the deep groove G1, intermediate groove G2, and shallow groove G3 are simply adjusted).

[0049] (2) Manufacturing method of sound-insulating concrete panel The manufacturing method of the sound-insulating concrete panel of the present disclosure is a method for manufacturing the sound-insulating concrete panel of the present disclosure. The manufacturing method of the sound-insulating concrete panel of the present disclosure includes preparing a formwork and fresh concrete (hereinafter also referred to as the "preparation step"), and pouring the fresh concrete into the formwork, curing it, and forming the sound-insulating concrete panel (hereinafter also referred to as the "molding step"). The formwork includes a main surface molding sheathing that forms the main surface. The preparation step and molding step are performed in this order.

[0050] In this disclosure, "formwork" refers to a temporary structure that maintains the poured fresh concrete in a predetermined shape and size and supports it until the concrete reaches an appropriate strength. "Sheathing" refers to a plate-like part of the formwork that is in direct contact with the concrete. "Fresh concrete" refers to concrete in an unhardened state.

[0051] Because the concrete manufacturing method disclosed herein has the above-mentioned configuration, it is possible to manufacture sound-insulating concrete panels that have a simple structure and can attenuate the sound pressure of sounds over a wide frequency range near the surface facing the sound source.

[0052] (2.1) Preparation Step The concrete manufacturing method of the present disclosure includes a preparation step in which a formwork and fresh concrete are prepared.

[0053] (2.1.1) Formwork The formwork is provided with a plurality of sheathing boards. The plurality of sheathing boards constitute a mold for molding fresh concrete. The shape, size, and number of sheathing boards are not particularly limited, and are selected appropriately depending on the shape, size, etc. of the sound-insulating concrete board.

[0054] The plurality of sheathing boards include a main surface forming sheathing board.

[0055] The main surface molding sheathing may include a 3D printed object, or may be a known sheathing that does not include a 3D printed object. The "shaped object" refers to a layered body formed by combining modeling layers using a 3D printer based on 3D model data.

[0056] The main surface forming sheathing preferably includes a 3D printer-modeled object. This allows the concrete manufacturing method of the present disclosure to easily form the concave-convex main surface of the sound-insulating concrete panel of the present disclosure. The main surface forming sheathing may be made of a 3D printer-modeled object.

[0057] The 3D printed object is additively manufactured using a 3D printer. The additive manufacturing process for the main surface forming sheathing is not particularly limited and is appropriately selected depending on the material of the main surface forming sheathing and the size of the sound-insulating concrete board. Examples of additive manufacturing processes include material extrusion (MEX), powder bed fusion (PBF), binder jetting (BJT), directed energy deposition (DED), material jetting (MJT), sheet lamination (SHL), and vat photopolymerization (VPP).

[0058] The material of the sheathing for main surface molding is not particularly limited, and examples include resin, wood, and metal. Examples of resin include thermoplastic resins (e.g., general-purpose plastics, engineering plastics, and super engineering plastics) and thermosetting resins (e.g., phenolic resins, melamine resins, and urea resins). Examples of general-purpose plastics include ethylene polymers (e.g., high-density polyethylene (HDPE)), propylene polymers (e.g., propylene homopolymer (PP)), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Examples of engineering plastics include polyamide (PA), polyacetal (POM), and polycarbonate (PC). Examples of super engineering plastics include polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and polysulfone (PSF). The sheathing for main surface molding preferably contains used resin. This reduces environmental impact. The used resin is not particularly limited as long as it is a used resin. The used resin may be a resin used in the sheathing for main surface molding, or may be a resin used in an object other than the sheathing for main surface molding. The sheathing for main surface molding preferably contains a biomass-derived resin. Biomass-derived resin is a carbon-neutral material, which reduces the environmental impact of manufacturing the sheathing for main surface molding. The sheathing for main surface molding may further contain a filler (e.g., inorganic powder, shiny inorganic powder, composite inorganic powder, inorganic fiber, etc.). Examples of inorganic powders include talc and titanium oxide. Examples of shiny inorganic powders include bismuth oxychloride and titanium oxide-coated mica. Examples of composite inorganic powders include titanium oxide-coated mica titanium fine particles and zinc oxide-coated mica titanium fine particles. Examples of inorganic fibers include glass fiber.

[0059] The multiple sheathing boards may include, in addition to the sheathing board for forming the main surface, other sheathing boards different from the sheathing-like structure, depending on the shape of the concrete, etc. Examples of the other sheathing boards include wooden sheathing boards and metal sheathing boards. The other sheathing boards may also be known sheathing boards.

[0060] The formwork of the present disclosure may further include shoring for fixing the plurality of sheathing boards. "Shoring" refers to a temporary structure for fixing the sheathing boards in a predetermined position. The shoring may be a known shoring. Examples of materials for the shoring include resin, metal, and resin.

[0061] The method for preparing the formwork may be any known method.

[0062] (2.1.2) Fresh Concrete Examples of fresh concrete include the same fresh concrete as exemplified in (1.4) Materials.

[0063] The method for preparing fresh concrete is not particularly limited, and any known method may be used.

[0064] (2.2) Forming process In the forming process, fresh concrete is poured into the formwork, cured, and a soundproof concrete panel is formed.

[0065] The method of applying and curing the concrete is not particularly limited, and any known method may be used.

[0066] The present disclosure will be described in more detail below based on examples. However, the present disclosure is not limited to these examples. In the drawings, the same or corresponding parts are designated by the same reference numerals and description thereof will not be repeated.

[0067] [1] Comparative Example 1 Using the acoustic module of the general-purpose finite element analysis software "COMSOL (registered trademark) Multiphysics Ver. 6.1" (manufactured by COMSOL), a simulation analysis was performed on the relationship between the shape of the main surface of the sound-insulating concrete panel and the attenuated sound pressure.

[0068] [1.1] Test specimen A sound-insulating concrete panel 100A was used as a test specimen (simulation model) for the simulation analysis.

[0069] Only flat portions P were formed on the uneven main surface S100 of the sound-insulating concrete plate 100A, and no grooves were formed. As shown in FIG. 3, the sound-insulating concrete plate 100A was set in an analysis space. The analysis space is an XYZ coordinate space with O as the origin. The coordinates (X, Y, Z) of the origin are (0m, 0m, 0m). The details of the overall setting of the sound-insulating concrete plate 100A were as follows:

[0070] [1.1.1] Overall settings Length in the X-axis direction L1: 8 m Length in the Y-axis direction L2: Infinity Length in the Z-axis direction L3: Infinity Structure: Solid structure

[0071] [1.2] Analysis For the analysis, one sound source 200 and five microphones 301 to 305 were set in the analysis space. Sound was generated from the sound source 200, and the sound pressure was measured by the five microphones 301 to 305. For the sound pressure measurements, sound was generated from the sound source 200 at intervals of 50 Hz from 100 Hz to 2000 Hz. Details of the analysis conditions were set as follows:

[0072] [1.2.1] Analysis conditions Position of sound source 200: (-2.8 m, 1.0 m, 0 m) Generation frequency of sound source 200: 100 Hz to 2000 H Position of microphone 301: (2.00 m, 0.1 m, 0 m) Position of microphone 302: (2.25 m, 0.1 m, 0 m) Position of microphone 303: (2.50 m, 0.1 m, 0 m) Position of microphone 304: (2.75 m, 0.1 m, 0 m) Position of microphone 305: (3.00 m, 0.1 m, 0 m) Speed ​​of sound in air in the analysis space: 340 m / s Density of air in the analysis space: 1.225 kg / m ３

[0073] [1.3] Analysis Results The relationship between the frequency of the sound generated by the sound source 200 and the sound pressure ratio (hereinafter also referred to as "analysis results") is shown in Figure 4. The "sound pressure ratio" indicates the ratio of the output sound pressure (i.e., the average value of the absolute values ​​of the sound pressures measured by the five microphones 301 to 305) to the input sound pressure from the sound source 200.

[0074] [2] Comparative Example 2 A simulation analysis was carried out in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that the test specimen was changed to the sound-insulating concrete panel 100B shown in FIG.

[0075] As shown in Figure 5, the uneven main surface S100 of the sound-insulating concrete plate 100B had a plurality of flat areas P and 24 grooves G11 (hereinafter also referred to as "deep grooves G11") formed therein. The deep grooves G11 were recessed from the flat areas P. The plurality of deep grooves G11 extended in the Z-axis direction and were arranged at equal intervals along the X-axis direction. The overall setting of the sound-insulating concrete plate 100B was the same as the overall setting of Comparative Example 1. Details of the main surface setting of the sound-insulating concrete plate 100B were as follows.

[0076] [2.1] Main surface setting Cross-sectional shape of deep groove G11: rectangular U-shape Length L10 of deep groove G11 in the Y-axis direction: 0.4 m Length L11 of deep groove G11 in the X-axis direction: 0.2 m Length L11 of deep groove G11 in the Z-axis direction: infinity Spacing L20 of deep groove G11: 0.1 m

[0077] [2.2] Analysis Results The analysis results of Comparative Example 2 are shown in Figure 6. The sound pressure of Comparative Example 2 was lower than that of Comparative Example 1 over a wide frequency range. In Comparative Example 2, there was a tendency for low and high sound pressures to alternate as the frequency increased. In particular, the sound pressure was low in the low frequency range (e.g., 150 Hz to 300 Hz). Specifically, in Comparative Example 2, the deep grooves G11 had a strong effect on attenuating sound pressure around 150 Hz, but a weak effect on attenuating sound pressure around 300 Hz. It was found that the sound-insulating concrete panel 100B of Comparative Example 2 can attenuate the sound pressure of sound in a narrow frequency range (150 Hz to 300 Hz) with a simple structure (deep grooves G11) near the uneven main surface S100 facing the sound source 200.

[0078] [3] Comparative Example 3 A simulation analysis was carried out in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that the test specimen was changed to a sound-insulating concrete panel 100C shown in FIG.

[0079] As shown in Figure 7, the uneven main surface S100 of the sound-insulating concrete plate 100C had a plurality of flat areas P and 24 grooves G12 (hereinafter also referred to as "intermediate grooves G12") formed therein. The intermediate grooves G12 were recessed from the flat areas P. The plurality of intermediate grooves G12 extended in the Z-axis direction and were arranged at equal intervals along the X-axis direction. The overall setting of the sound-insulating concrete plate 100C was the same as the overall setting of Comparative Example 1. Details of the main surface setting of the sound-insulating concrete plate 100C were as follows.

[0080] [3.1] Main surface setting Cross-sectional shape of intermediate groove G12: rectangular U-shape Length L12 of intermediate groove G12 in the Y-axis direction: 0.2 m Length L13 of intermediate groove G12 in the X-axis direction: 0.2 m Length L13 of intermediate groove G12 in the Z-axis direction: infinity

[0081] [3.2] Analysis Results The analysis results of Comparative Example 3 are shown in Figure 6. The sound pressure of Comparative Example 3 was lower than that of Comparative Example 1 over a wide frequency range. In Comparative Example 3, there was a tendency for low and high sound pressures to alternate as the frequency increased. In particular, the sound pressure was low in the low frequency range (e.g., 250 Hz to 700 Hz). Specifically, in Comparative Example 3, the intermediate groove G12 had a weak effect on attenuating sound pressure around 150 Hz, but a strong effect on attenuating sound pressure around 300 Hz. It was found that the sound-insulating concrete panel 100C of Comparative Example 3 can attenuate the sound pressure of sound in a narrow frequency range (250 Hz to 700 Hz) with a simple structure (intermediate groove G12) near the uneven main surface S100 facing the sound source 200.

[0082] [4] Example 1 A simulation analysis was carried out in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that the test specimen was changed to a sound-insulating concrete panel 100D shown in FIG.

[0083] As shown in Fig. 8, the uneven main surface S100 of the sound-insulating concrete panel 100D had a plurality of flat portions P, eight deep grooves G11, and 16 intermediate grooves G12 formed therein. The deep grooves G11 and intermediate grooves G12 were regularly arranged in the X-axis direction such that two intermediate grooves G12 were located between two adjacent deep grooves G11. The overall design of the sound-insulating concrete panel 100D was the same as that of Comparative Example 1.

[0084] [4.1] Analysis Results The analysis results for Example 1 are shown in FIG. 9. The ratio (L12 / L10) for Example 1 was 0.50. Therefore, the sound pressure for Example 1 was lower than that for Comparative Example 1 over a wide frequency range. In Example 1, as the frequency increased, low and high sound pressures tended to alternate. In particular, the sound pressure was low between 150 Hz and 800 Hz. In other words, the low frequency range of sound pressure was wider than in Comparative Examples 2 and 3. Specifically, in Example 1, the deep groove G11 exerted a sound pressure attenuation effect around 150 Hz, and the intermediate groove G12 exerted a sound pressure attenuation effect around 300 Hz. As a result of these experiments, it was found that the sound-insulating concrete panel 100D of Example 1 "can attenuate the sound pressure of sounds in a wide frequency range (150 Hz to 800 Hz) in the vicinity of the uneven main surface S100 facing the sound source 200 with a simple structure (deep grooves G11 and intermediate grooves G12)."

[0085] [5] Example 2 A simulation analysis was carried out in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that the test specimen was changed to a sound-insulating concrete panel 100E shown in FIG.

[0086] As shown in Figure 10, the uneven main surface S100 of the sound-insulating concrete plate 100E had a plurality of planar regions P, eight deep grooves G11, and eight intermediate grooves G12 formed thereon. The deep grooves G11 and intermediate grooves G12 were regularly arranged in the X-axis direction such that one intermediate groove G12 was interposed between two adjacent deep grooves G11. The overall setting of the sound-insulating concrete plate 100E was the same as the overall setting of Comparative Example 1. The details of the main surface setting of the sound-insulating concrete plate 100E were as follows:

[0087] [5.1] Main surface setting Groove spacing L21: 0.4 m

[0088] [5.2] Analysis Results The analysis results for Example 2 are shown in FIG. 11. The ratio (L12 / L10) for Example 2 was 0.50. Therefore, the behavior of sound pressure versus frequency in Example 2 was similar to that of Example 1. The sound pressure in Example 2 tended to be higher than that in Example 1 across a wide frequency range. These results demonstrate that the sound-insulating concrete panel 100E of Example 2 "can attenuate sound pressure across a wide frequency range (150 Hz to 800 Hz) in the vicinity of the concave-convex main surface S100 facing the sound source 200 with a simple structure (deep grooves G11 and intermediate grooves G12)." In addition, a comparison between Example 1 and Example 2 revealed that a configuration in which two intermediate grooves G12 are interposed between two adjacent deep grooves G11 can attenuate sound pressure more than a configuration in which one intermediate groove G12 is interposed between two adjacent deep grooves G11.

[0089] [6] Comparative Example 4 A simulation analysis was carried out in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that the test specimen was changed to the sound-insulating concrete panel 100F shown in FIG.

[0090] As shown in Figure 12, the uneven main surface S100 of the sound-insulating concrete board 100F had a plurality of flat areas P and 24 grooves G13 (hereinafter also referred to as "shallow grooves G13") formed therein. The shallow grooves G13 were recessed from the flat areas P. The plurality of shallow grooves G13 extended in the Z-axis direction and were arranged at equal intervals along the X-axis direction. The overall setting of the sound-insulating concrete board 100F was the same as the overall setting of Comparative Example 1. Details of the main surface setting of the sound-insulating concrete board 100F were as follows.

[0091] [6.1] Main surface setting Cross-sectional shape of shallow groove G13: rectangular U-shape Length L14 of shallow groove G13 in the Y-axis direction: 0.1 m Length L15 of shallow groove G13 in the X-axis direction: 0.2 m Length L15 of shallow groove G13 in the Z-axis direction: infinity

[0092] [6.2] Analysis Results The analysis results of Comparative Example 4 are shown in FIG. 13. The sound pressure of Comparative Example 4 was lower than that of Comparative Example 1 across a wide frequency range. In Comparative Example 4, low and high sound pressures tended to alternate as the frequency increased. In particular, the sound pressure was low in the low frequency range (e.g., 400 Hz to 1000 Hz). Specifically, in Comparative Example 4, the shallow grooves G13 had a weak effect on attenuating sound pressure around 150 Hz, but a strong effect on attenuating sound pressure above 400 Hz. It was found that the sound-insulating concrete panel 100F of Comparative Example 4 can attenuate the sound pressure of sound in a narrow frequency range (400 Hz to 1000 Hz) with a simple structure (shallow grooves G13) near the uneven main surface S100 facing the sound source 200.

[0093] [7] Example 3 A simulation analysis was carried out in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that the test specimen was changed to a sound-insulating concrete panel 100G shown in FIG.

[0094] As shown in Figure 14, the uneven main surface S100 of the sound-insulating concrete plate 100G had a plurality of planar portions P, eight deep grooves G11, and 16 shallow grooves G13 formed thereon. The deep grooves G11 and shallow grooves G13 were regularly arranged in the X-axis direction such that two shallow grooves G13 were located between two adjacent deep grooves G11. The overall setting of the sound-insulating concrete plate 100G was the same as that of Comparative Example 1.

[0095] [7.1] Analysis Results The analysis results for Example 3 are shown in FIG. 15. The ratio (L14 / L10) for Example 3 was 0.25. Therefore, the sound pressure for Example 3 was lower than that for Comparative Example 1 over a wide frequency range. In Example 3, as the frequency increased, low and high sound pressures tended to alternate. In particular, the sound pressure was low between 350 Hz and 1200 Hz. In other words, the low frequency range of sound pressure was wider than that of Comparative Example 4. Specifically, in Example 1, the deep groove G11 exerted a sound pressure attenuation effect around 150 Hz, and the shallow groove G13 exerted a sound pressure attenuation effect around 400 Hz. As a result of these experiments, it was found that the sound-insulating concrete panel 100G of Example 3 "can attenuate the sound pressure of sounds in a wide frequency range (around 150 Hz, 350 Hz to 1000 Hz) in the vicinity of the uneven main surface S100 facing the sound source 200 with a simple structure (deep grooves G11 and shallow grooves G13)."

[0096] [8] Example 4 A simulation analysis was carried out in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that the test specimen was changed to a sound-insulating concrete panel 100H shown in FIG.

[0097] As shown in Fig. 16, the uneven main surface S100 of the sound-insulating concrete plate 100H had a plurality of planar portions P, eight deep grooves G11, and eight shallow grooves G13 formed thereon. The deep grooves G11 and shallow grooves G13 were regularly arranged in the X-axis direction such that one shallow groove G13 was located between two adjacent deep grooves G11. The overall design of the sound-insulating concrete plate 100H was the same as that of Comparative Example 1.

[0098] [8.1] Analysis Results The analysis results of Example 4 are shown in FIG. 17. The ratio (L14 / L10) of Example 4 was 0.25. Therefore, the behavior of sound pressure versus frequency in Example 4 was similar to that of Example 3. The sound pressure in Example 4 tended to be higher than that in Example 3 over a wide frequency range. As a result, it was found that the sound-insulating concrete panel 100H of Example 4 "can attenuate sound pressure over a wide frequency range (around 150 Hz, 350 Hz to 1000 Hz) with a simple structure (deep grooves G11 and shallow grooves G13) near the uneven main surface S100 facing the sound source 200." In addition, a comparison between Example 3 and Example 4 revealed that a configuration in which two shallow grooves G13 are interposed between two adjacent deep grooves G11 can attenuate sound pressure more than a configuration in which one shallow groove G13 is interposed between two adjacent deep grooves G11.

[0099] [9] Example 5 A simulation analysis was carried out in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that the test specimen was changed to a sound-insulating concrete panel 100I shown in FIG.

[0100] As shown in Figure 18, the uneven main surface S100 of the sound-insulating concrete board 100I had a plurality of planar regions P, eight deep grooves G11, and 16 grooves G14 (hereinafter also referred to as "shallow grooves G14"). The deep grooves G11 and shallow grooves G14 were regularly arranged in the X-axis direction such that two shallow grooves G14 were interposed between two adjacent deep grooves G11. The overall setting of the sound-insulating concrete board 100I was the same as the overall setting of Comparative Example 1. The details of the main surface setting of the sound-insulating concrete board 100I were as follows.

[0101] [9.1] Main surface setting Cross-sectional shape of shallow groove G14: trapezoidal U-shape Length L16 of shallow groove G14 in the Y-axis direction: 0.1 m Length L17 of the opening of shallow groove G14 in the X-axis direction: 0.545 m Length L17 of shallow groove G14 in the Z-axis direction: infinity Groove spacing L22: 0.027 m

[0102] [9.2] Analysis Results The analysis results of Example 5 are shown in FIG. 19. The behavior of sound pressure versus frequency in Example 5 was similar to that of Example 3. The sound pressure in Example 5 was lower than that in Example 3 in the high frequency range (1300 Hz to 1750 Hz). These results indicate that the sound-insulating concrete panel 100H of Example 5 "can attenuate sound pressure over a wide frequency range (350 Hz to 1750 Hz) in the vicinity of the uneven main surface S100 facing the sound source 200 with a simple structure (deep groove G11 and shallow groove G14)." In addition, a comparison between Example 3 and Example 5 revealed that a configuration in which the length L17 in the X-axis direction of the opening of the shallow groove G14 is longer than the length L11 in the X-axis direction of the opening of the deep groove G11 can attenuate sound pressure more in the high frequency range (1300 Hz to 1750 Hz) than a configuration in which the length L17 and the length L11 are the same.

[0103] The disclosure of Japanese Patent Application No. 2024-021459, filed on February 15, 2024, is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. All documents, patent applications, and technical standards mentioned herein are incorporated herein by reference to the same extent as if each individual document, patent application, and technical standard was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference.

Claims

1. A sound-insulating concrete panel having a main surface on which a flat portion and a plurality of grooves recessed from said flat portion are formed, wherein the plurality of grooves extend along a first direction and are arranged along a second direction perpendicular to said first direction, wherein said plurality of grooves includes a plurality of first grooves and a plurality of second grooves, and wherein the ratio (D2 / D1) of the depth D2 of said second grooves to the depth D1 of said first grooves is 0.10 to 0.

70.

2. A sound-insulating concrete panel as described in claim 1, wherein the plurality of first grooves and the plurality of second grooves are regularly arranged so that the second groove is interposed between two adjacent first grooves.

3. A sound-insulating concrete panel according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the depth D1 is 0.3 m to 0.5 m, and the ratio (D2 / D1) is 0.60 to 0.

40.

4. A sound-insulating concrete panel as set forth in claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the length of the opening of the second groove in the second direction is the same as the length of the opening of the first groove in the second direction, the depth D1 is 0.3 m to 0.5 m, and the ratio (D2 / D1) is 0.35 to 0.

15.

5. A sound-insulating concrete panel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the length of the opening of the second groove in the second direction is longer than the length of the opening of the first groove in the second direction, the depth D1 is 0.3 m to 0.5 m, and the ratio (D2 / D1) is 0.35 to 0.

15.

6. A method for manufacturing a sound-insulating concrete panel as defined in claim 1 or 2, comprising: preparing a formwork and fresh concrete; and pouring the fresh concrete into the formwork, allowing it to cure, and forming the sound-insulating concrete panel, wherein the formwork includes a main surface forming sheathing that forms the main surface.

7. The method for manufacturing a sound-insulating concrete panel according to claim 6, wherein the main surface molding sheathing includes a 3D printed object.

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