Maximum sensitivity degradation

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a UE. The UE may comprise: at least one transceiver; one or more processors; and one or more memories storing instructions and operatively connected to the one or more processors. An operation performed on the basis of the execution of the instructions by the one or more processors comprises the steps of: transmitting an uplink signal; and receiving a downlink signal.

Description

Maximum sensitivity reduction

[0001] This specification relates to mobile communications.

[0002] 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) LTE (Long-Term Evolution) is a technology designed to enable high-speed packet communications. Numerous approaches have been proposed to achieve LTE's goals of reducing costs for users and operators, improving service quality, expanding coverage, and increasing system capacity. 3GPP LTE's high-level requirements include reduced cost per bit, improved service availability, flexible use of frequency bands, a simple architecture, open interfaces, and adequate power consumption for terminals.

[0003] The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and 3GPP have begun work on developing requirements and specifications for New Radio (NR) systems. 3GPP must identify and develop the technical components necessary to successfully standardize NR, meeting both urgent market needs and the longer-term requirements outlined by the ITU Radio communication sector (ITU-R) International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT)-2020 process. Furthermore, NR must be able to utilize any spectrum band up to at least 110 GHz, ensuring that it remains available for wireless communications well into the future.

[0004] NR aims to be a single technology framework that addresses all deployment scenarios, usage scenarios, and requirements, including enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), massive Machine Type Communications (mMTC), and Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC). NR must be inherently forward-compatible.

[0005] New operating band combinations are being added for Dual Connectivity (DC), Carrier Aggregation (CA), and / or High-Power UEs. These new band combinations may cause problems with User Equipment (UE) reception performance due to coexistence issues.

[0006] In one aspect, a device is provided. The device includes one or more transceivers; one or more processors; and one or more memories storing instructions and operatively connected to the one or more processors, wherein operations performed based on the instructions being executed by the one or more processors may include: transmitting an uplink signal; and receiving a downlink signal.

[0007] In another aspect, a method of performing the above device is provided.

[0008] In one aspect, a method is provided. The method may include a step of transmitting an uplink signal; and a step of receiving a downlink signal.

[0009] In another aspect, a device implementing the above method is provided.

[0010] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a communication system to which the implementation of this specification is applied.

[0011] Figure 2 illustrates an example of a wireless device to which the implementation of the present specification is applied.

[0012] Figure 3 illustrates an example of a wireless device to which the implementation of the present specification is applied.

[0013] Figure 4 is a diagram showing an example of a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system.

[0014] Figure 5 shows an example of an electromagnetic spectrum.

[0015] Figure 6 illustrates an example of a situation in which an uplink signal transmitted through an uplink operating band affects the reception of a downlink signal through a downlink operating band.

[0016] FIG. 7 is an example of elements according to one embodiment of the disclosure of the present specification.

[0017] FIG. 8 is an example of intermodulation according to one embodiment of the disclosure of the present specification.

[0018] FIG. 9 illustrates an example illustrating an interference path according to a coexistence issue of DC based on E-UTRA bands 3, 11 and NR band n79 according to one embodiment of the disclosure of the present specification.

[0019] FIG. 10 is an example of a structure of a UE in which DC is set based on E-UTRA bands 3, 11 and NR band n79 according to one embodiment of the disclosure of the present specification.

[0020] FIG. 11 is an example of a structure of a UE in which DC is set based on E-UTRA band 8, NR bands n1, n79 according to one embodiment of the disclosure of the present specification.

[0021] FIG. 12 is an example of a structure of a UE in which DC is set based on E-UTRA band 8, NR bands n3, n79 according to one embodiment of the disclosure of the present specification.

[0022] FIG. 13 is an example of a structure of a UE in which DC is set based on E-UTRA band 8 and NR bands n28 and n79 according to one embodiment of the disclosure of the present specification.

[0023] FIG. 14 illustrates an example of a procedure according to one embodiment of the disclosure of the present specification.

[0024] FIG. 15 illustrates an example of the operation of a UE and a base station according to one embodiment of the disclosure of the present specification.

[0025] The following techniques, devices, and systems can be applied to various wireless multiple access systems. Examples of multiple access systems include Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems, Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) systems, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) systems, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems, Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) systems, and Multi-Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (MC-FDMA) systems. CDMA can be implemented using wireless technologies such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented using wireless technologies such as Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), or Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE). OFDMA can be implemented using wireless technologies such as IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, or Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA). UTRA is part of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) Long-Term Evolution (LTE) is part of E-UMTS (Evolved UMTS) that utilizes E-UTRA.3GPP LTE uses OFDMA in the downlink (DL) and SC-FDMA in the uplink (UL).

[0026] For convenience of explanation, the implementation of this specification is primarily described in relation to a 3GPP-based wireless communication system. However, the technical features of this specification are not limited thereto. For example, the following detailed description is provided based on a mobile communication system corresponding to a 3GPP-based wireless communication system. However, aspects of this specification that are not limited to a 3GPP-based wireless communication system can be applied to other mobile communication systems.

[0027] For terms and technologies used in this specification that are not specifically described, reference may be made to wireless communication standard documents published prior to this specification.

[0028] In this specification, “A or B” can mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” In other words, “A or B” in this specification can be interpreted as “A and / or B.” For example, “A, B or C” in this specification can mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B, and C.”

[0029] As used herein, a slash ( / ) or comma can mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" can mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" can mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" can mean "A, B, or C."

[0030] In this specification, “at least one of A and B” may mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” Additionally, in this specification, the expressions “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and / or B” may be interpreted identically to “at least one of A and B.”

[0031] Additionally, in this specification, “at least one of A, B and C” can mean “only A”, “only B”, “only C”, or “any combination of A, B and C”. Additionally, “at least one of A, B or C” or “at least one of A, B and / or C” can mean “at least one of A, B and C”.

[0032] Additionally, parentheses used herein may mean “for example.” Specifically, when indicated as “control information (PDCCH),” “PDCCH” may be proposed as an example of “control information.” In other words, “control information” in this specification is not limited to “PDCCH,” and “PDCCH” may be proposed as an example of “control information.” Furthermore, even when indicated as “control information (i.e., PDCCH),” “PDCCH” may be proposed as an example of “control information.”

[0033] Technical features individually described in a single drawing in this specification may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0034] Although not limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication and / or connectivity between devices (e.g., 5G).

[0035] Hereinafter, the present specification will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings. In the following drawings and / or description, the same reference numbers may refer to the same or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, and / or functional blocks, unless otherwise indicated.

[0036] Although the attached drawing illustrates a UE (User Equipment) as an example, the illustrated UE may also be referred to as a terminal, ME (Mobile Equipment), etc. In addition, the UE may be a portable device such as a laptop, mobile phone, PDA, smart phone, multimedia device, etc., or a non-portable device such as a PC or vehicle-mounted device.

[0037] Hereinafter, "UE" is used as an example of a wireless communication device (or wireless device, or wireless device) capable of wireless communication. Operations performed by the UE may be performed by the wireless communication device. The wireless communication device may also be referred to as a wireless device, wireless device, etc.

[0038] The term base station used below generally refers to a fixed station that communicates with wireless devices, and may be called by other terms such as eNodeB (evolved-NodeB), eNB (evolved-NodeB), BTS (Base Transceiver System), Access Point, and gNB (Next generation NodeB).

[0039] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a communication system to which the implementation of this specification is applied.

[0040] The 5G usage scenario shown in FIG. 1 is only an example, and the technical features of this specification can be applied to other 5G usage scenarios not shown in FIG. 1.

[0041] The three main requirement categories for 5G are (1) enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), (2) massive machine type communication (mMTC), and (3) ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC).

[0042] Some use cases may require multiple criteria for optimization, while others may focus on a single key performance indicator (KPI). 5G supports these diverse use cases using flexible and reliable methods.

[0043] eMBB goes far beyond basic mobile internet access, encompassing rich interactive work and media and entertainment applications in the cloud and augmented reality. Data is a key driver of 5G, and for the first time, dedicated voice services may not be available in the 5G era. Voice processing is expected to be simplified in 5G as an application leveraging the data connections provided by the communication system. The primary reasons for the traffic increase are the increasing size of content and the rise of applications requiring high data rates. As more devices connect to the internet, streaming services (audio and video), conversational video, and mobile internet access will become more prevalent. Many of these applications require always-on connectivity to push real-time information and alerts to users. Cloud storage and applications are rapidly growing on mobile communication platforms and can be applied to both work and entertainment. Cloud storage is a special use case that accelerates the increase in uplink data rates. 5G is also used for remote work in the cloud. When using tactile interfaces, 5G requires significantly lower end-to-end latency to maintain a good user experience. For example, entertainment, such as cloud gaming and video streaming, is another key factor driving demand for mobile broadband capabilities. Smartphones and tablets are essential for entertainment in all environments, including highly mobile environments like trains, cars, and airplanes. Another use case is augmented reality for entertainment and information retrieval. In this case, AR requires extremely low latency and high data volumes.

[0044] One of the most anticipated 5G use cases involves mMTC, the ability to seamlessly connect embedded sensors across all sectors. The potential number of Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices is projected to reach 240 million by 2020. Industrial IoT is a key enabler of smart cities, asset tracking, smart utilities, agriculture, and security infrastructure, all enabled by 5G.

[0045] URLLC encompasses ultra-reliable, low-latency links that will transform industries through remote control of core infrastructure, enabling new services such as autonomous vehicles. Reliability and latency are essential for controlling smart grids, automating industries, achieving robotics, and controlling and coordinating drones.

[0046] 5G is the means to deliver streaming data rates previously rated at hundreds of megabits per second, up to gigabits per second, complementing fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) and cable-based broadband (or DOCSIS). Such high speeds are necessary to deliver 4K and higher (6K, 8K, and beyond) resolution TV, as well as virtual and augmented reality (VR) applications. VR and AR applications include immersive sports games. Certain applications may require specialized network configurations. For example, for VR games, gaming companies must integrate their core servers with network operators' edge network servers to minimize latency.

[0047] Automotive is expected to be a significant new driver of 5G, with numerous use cases for in-vehicle mobile communications. For example, passenger entertainment demands high-capacity, high-mobility broadband mobile communications, as future users continue to expect high-quality connectivity regardless of location and speed. Another automotive application is an AR dashboard. This allows the driver to identify objects in the dark beyond what is visible through the windshield, overlapping the information provided to the driver to indicate their distance and movement. In the future, wireless modules will enable vehicle-to-vehicle communication, information exchange between vehicles and supporting infrastructure, and information exchange between vehicles and other connected devices (e.g., pedestrian-accompanying devices). Safety systems will guide drivers through alternative courses of action to reduce the risk of accidents. The next step will be remotely controlled or autonomous vehicles. This will require extremely reliable and fast communication between different autonomous vehicles and between vehicles and infrastructure. In the future, autonomous vehicles will perform all driving tasks, leaving drivers to focus solely on traffic as long as the vehicle remains undetectable. The technological requirements for autonomous vehicles will require ultra-low latency and ultra-high reliability, enhancing traffic safety to levels unattainable by humans.

[0048] Smart cities and smart homes / buildings, often referred to as smart societies, will be embedded in high-density wireless sensor networks. A distributed network of intelligent sensors will identify conditions for cost-effective and energy-efficient maintenance of cities or homes. A similar configuration can be implemented for each home. All temperature sensors, window and heating controllers, burglar alarms, and appliances will be wirelessly connected. Many of these sensors typically have low data rates, low power, and low cost. However, real-time HD video monitoring may be required by certain types of devices.

[0049] Higher decentralization of energy consumption and distribution, including heat and gas, requires automated control of distributed sensor networks. Smart grids use digital information and communication technologies to collect information and connect sensors to act on the collected information. This information can include the behavior of suppliers and consumers, allowing smart grids to improve the distribution of fuels like electricity through efficiency, reliability, economy, sustainable production, and automation. Smart grids can also be viewed as another low-latency sensor network.

[0050] Mission-critical applications (e.g., e-health) are one of the use cases for 5G. The health sector encompasses numerous applications that can benefit from mobile communications. Telecommunications systems can support telemedicine, which provides clinical care from remote locations. Telemedicine can help reduce distance barriers and improve access to medical services that are otherwise unavailable in remote, rural areas. Telemedicine is also used in emergency situations to provide critical care and save lives. Mobile-based wireless sensor networks can provide remote monitoring and sensors for parameters such as heart rate and blood pressure.

[0051] Wireless and mobile communications are becoming increasingly important in industrial applications. Wiring is expensive to install and maintain. Therefore, replacing cables with reconfigurable wireless links presents an attractive opportunity for many industries. However, achieving this replacement requires wireless connections with similar latency, reliability, and capacity to cables, and simplified management of wireless connections. With 5G connectivity, low latency and extremely low error rates are emerging requirements.

[0052] Logistics and freight tracking are important use cases for mobile communications, enabling inventory and package tracking anywhere using location-based information systems. Logistics and freight applications typically require low data rates but require wide-range, reliable location information.

[0053] Referring to FIG. 1, a communication system (1) includes wireless devices (100a to 100f), a base station (BS) (200), and a network (300). Although FIG. 1 illustrates a 5G network as an example of a network of the communication system (1), the implementation of the present disclosure is not limited to a 5G system and can be applied to future communication systems beyond the 5G system.

[0054] The base station (200) and the network (300) may be implemented as wireless devices, and a particular wireless device may operate as a base station / network node in relation to other wireless devices.

[0055] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) refer to devices that perform communication using radio access technology (RAT) (e.g., 5G NR or LTE) and may also be referred to as communication / wireless / 5G devices. Wireless devices (100a to 100f) may include, but are not limited to, robots (100a), vehicles (100b-1 and 100b-2), extended reality (XR) devices (100c), portable devices (100d), home appliances (100e), IoT devices (100f), and artificial intelligence (AI) devices / servers (400). For example, vehicles may include vehicles having wireless communication capabilities, autonomous vehicles, and vehicles capable of performing vehicle-to-vehicle communication. Vehicles may include unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) (e.g., drones). XR devices may include AR / VR / mixed reality (MR) devices, and may be implemented in the form of head-mounted devices (HMDs) and heads-up displays (HUDs) mounted on vehicles, televisions, smartphones, computers, wearable devices, home appliances, digital signs, vehicles, robots, etc. Portable devices may include smartphones, smart pads, wearable devices (e.g., smart watches or smart glasses), and computers (e.g., laptops). Home appliances may include TVs, refrigerators, and washing machines. IoT devices may include sensors and smart meters.

[0056] In this specification, wireless devices (100a to 100f) may be referred to as user equipment (UE). The UE may include, for example, a mobile phone, a smartphone, a laptop computer, a digital broadcasting terminal, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a portable multimedia player (PMP), a navigation system, a slate PC, a tablet PC, an ultrabook, a vehicle, a vehicle with autonomous driving functions, a connected car, a UAV, an AI module, a robot, an AR device, a VR device, an MR device, a holographic device, a public safety device, an MTC device, an IoT device, a medical device, a fintech device (or a financial device), a security device, a weather / environmental device, a 5G service-related device, or a 4th industrial revolution-related device.

[0057] For example, a UAV may be an aircraft that is unmanned and navigated by radio control signals.

[0058] For example, a VR device may include a device for implementing objects or backgrounds in a virtual environment. For example, an AR device may include a device that implements objects or backgrounds in a virtual world by connecting them to objects or backgrounds in the real world. For example, an MR device may include a device that implements objects or backgrounds in a virtual world by merging them with objects or backgrounds in the real world. For example, a holographic device may include a device that implements 360-degree stereoscopic images by recording and reproducing three-dimensional information using the light interference phenomenon that occurs when two laser lights, called holograms, meet.

[0059] For example, a public safety device may include an image relay device or imaging device that can be worn on the user's body.

[0060] For example, MTC devices and IoT devices may be devices that do not require direct human intervention or manipulation. Examples include smart meters, vending machines, thermometers, smart light bulbs, door locks, or various sensors.

[0061] For example, a medical device may be a device used for the purpose of diagnosing, treating, alleviating, curing, or preventing a disease. For example, a medical device may be a device used for diagnosing, treating, alleviating, or correcting an injury or damage. For example, a medical device may be a device used for the purpose of examining, replacing, or modifying a structure or function. For example, a medical device may be a device used for the purpose of regulating pregnancy. For example, a medical device may include a therapeutic device, a driving device, an (in vitro) diagnostic device, a hearing aid, or a surgical device.

[0062] For example, a security device may be a device installed to prevent potential hazards and maintain safety. For example, a security device may be a camera, closed-circuit television (CCTV), a recorder, or a black box.

[0063] For example, a fintech device may be a device capable of providing financial services, such as mobile payments. For example, a fintech device may include a payment device or a point-of-sale system.

[0064] For example, a weather / environment device may include a device that monitors or predicts the weather / environment.

[0065] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) via a base station (200). AI technology can be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and the wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) via the network (300). The network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, and a network after 5G. The wireless devices (100a to 100f) can communicate with each other via the base station (200) / network (300), but can also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station (200) / network (300). For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) / vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication). Additionally, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

[0066] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a to 100f) and / or between wireless devices (100a to 100f) and a base station (200) and / or between base stations (200). Here, the wireless communication / connection can be established through various RATs (e.g., 5G NR), such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or, device-to-device (D2D) communication), and base station-to-base station communication (150c) (e.g., relay, integrated access and backhaul (IAB)). Through the wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c), the wireless devices (100a to 100f) and the base station (200) can transmit / receive wireless signals to / from each other. For example, wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, at least some of the various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), and resource allocation processes can be performed based on various proposals of the present specification.

[0067] AI is the study of artificial intelligence or the methodologies for creating it, while machine learning (ML) defines various problems in the field of AI and studies the methodologies for solving them. Machine learning is also defined as an algorithm that improves performance on a task through consistent experience.

[0068] A robot can be defined as a machine that automatically processes or operates a given task based on its own capabilities. Specifically, a robot capable of perceiving its environment, making decisions, and performing actions on its own can be called an intelligent robot. Robots can be categorized into industrial, medical, household, and military applications based on their intended use or field. Robots are equipped with a drive unit, including an actuator or motor, enabling them to perform various physical actions, such as moving robot joints. Furthermore, mobile robots include wheels, brakes, and propellers in their drive unit, enabling them to drive on the ground or fly in the air.

[0069] Autonomous driving refers to the technology of driving on one's own, while autonomous vehicles refer to vehicles that drive without, or with minimal, user intervention. For example, autonomous driving can include technologies such as lane keeping, automatic speed control like adaptive cruise control, autonomous driving along a set route, and autonomous driving based on a set destination. Vehicles encompass all types of vehicles: those with internal combustion engines, hybrid vehicles with both internal combustion engines and electric motors, and electric vehicles with only electric motors. These vehicles can include not only cars but also trains and motorcycles. Autonomous vehicles can be viewed as robots with autonomous driving capabilities.

[0070] Extended reality is a general term for VR, AR, and MR. VR technology provides real-world objects and backgrounds as CG images only, AR technology provides virtual CG images over images of real objects, and MR technology is a CG technology that mixes and combines virtual objects with the real world. MR technology is similar to AR in that it displays real and virtual objects together. However, there is a difference: while AR uses virtual objects to complement real objects, MR uses virtual and real objects equally.

[0071] NR supports multiple numerologies, or subcarrier spacing (SCS), to support diverse 5G services. For example, an SCS of 15 kHz supports wide areas in traditional cellular bands; an SCS of 30 kHz / 60 kHz supports dense urban areas, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth; and an SCS of 60 kHz or higher supports bandwidths greater than 24.25 GHz to overcome phase noise.

[0072] The NR frequency band can be defined by two types of frequency ranges (e.g., FR1 and FR2). The numerical values ​​of the frequency ranges can be changed. For example, the two types of frequency ranges (FR1 and FR2) can be as shown in Table 1 below. For convenience of explanation, among the frequency ranges used in the NR system, FR1 can mean the "sub 6 GHz range", and FR2 can mean the "above 6 GHz range" and can be called millimeter wave (mmW). FR2 can include FR 2-1 and FR 2-2, as shown in the examples in Tables 1 and 2.

[0073] Frequency Range designationCorresponding frequency rangeSubcarrier SpacingFR1450MHz - 6000MHz15, 30, 60kHzFR2FR2-124250MHz - 52600MHz60, 120, 240kHzFR2-257000MHz - 71000MHz120, 480, 960kHz

[0074] As described above, the numerical value of the frequency range of the NR system can be changed. For example, FR1 may include a band from 410 MHz to 7125 MHz, as shown in Table 2 below. That is, FR1 may include frequency bands above 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.). For example, the frequency bands above 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) included within FR1 may include unlicensed bands. Unlicensed bands may be used for various purposes, such as for communications for vehicles (e.g., autonomous driving).

[0075] Frequency Range designationCorresponding frequency rangeSubcarrier SpacingFR1410MHz - 7125MHz15, 30, 60kHzFR2FR2-124250MHz - 52600MHz60, 120, 240kHzFR2-257000MHz - 71000MHz120, 480, 960kHz

[0076] Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device of the present specification may include not only LTE, NR, and 6G, but also narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) for low-power communication. For example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (low power wide area network) technology and may be implemented with standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device of the present specification may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. For example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology and may be called by various names such as eMTC (enhanced MTC). For example, LTE-M technology can be implemented by at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-bandwidth limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE MTC, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device of the present specification can include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and / or LPWAN considering low-power communication, and is not limited to the above-described names. For example, ZigBee technology can create PAN (personal area networks) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and can be called by various names.

[0077] Figure 2 illustrates an example of a wireless device to which the implementation of the present specification is applied.

[0078] Referring to FIG. 2, the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals to / from external devices via various RATs (e.g., LTE and NR).

[0079] In FIG. 2, {the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200)} may correspond to at least one of {the wireless devices (100a to 100f) and the base station (200)}, {the wireless devices (100a to 100f) and the wireless devices (100a to 100f)}, and / or {the base station (200) and the base station (200)} of FIG. 1.

[0080] The first wireless device (100) may include at least one transceiver, such as a transceiver (106), at least one processing chip, such as a processing chip (101), and / or one or more antennas (108).

[0081] The processing chip (101) may include at least one processor, such as a processor (102), and at least one memory, such as a memory (104). FIG. 2 illustrates an example in which the memory (104) is included in the processing chip (101). Additionally and / or alternatively, the memory (104) may be located external to the processing chip (101).

[0082] The processor (102) may control the memory (104) and / or the transceiver (106) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the processor (102) may process information in the memory (104) to generate first information / signal and transmit a wireless signal including the first information / signal via the transceiver (106). The processor (102) may receive a wireless signal including second information / signal via the transceiver (106) and store information obtained by processing the second information / signal in the memory (104).

[0083] A memory (104) may be operatively connected to the processor (102). The memory (104) may store various types of information and / or instructions. The memory (104) may store software code (105) that, when executed by the processor (102), implements instructions that perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the software code (105) may, when executed by the processor (102), implement instructions that perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the software code (105) may control the processor (102) to perform one or more protocols. For example, the software code (105) may control the processor (102) to perform one or more wireless interface protocol layers.

[0084] Here, the processor (102) and memory (104) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). A transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (108). Each transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (106) may be used interchangeably with an RF (radio frequency) unit. In the present specification, the first wireless device (100) may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0085] The second wireless device (200) may include at least one transceiver, such as a transceiver (206), at least one processing chip, such as a processing chip (201), and / or one or more antennas (208).

[0086] The processing chip (201) may include at least one processor, such as a processor (202), and at least one memory, such as a memory (204). FIG. 2 illustrates an example in which the memory (204) is included in the processing chip (201). Additionally and / or alternatively, the memory (204) may be located external to the processing chip (201).

[0087] The processor (202) may control the memory (204) and / or the transceiver (206) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the processor (202) may process information in the memory (204) to generate third information / signal and transmit a wireless signal including the third information / signal via the transceiver (206). The processor (202) may receive a wireless signal including fourth information / signal via the transceiver (206) and store information obtained by processing the fourth information / signal in the memory (204).

[0088] A memory (204) may be operatively connected to the processor (202). The memory (204) may store various types of information and / or instructions. The memory (204) may store software code (205) that, when executed by the processor (202), implements instructions that perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the software code (205) may, when executed by the processor (202), implement instructions that perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the software code (205) may control the processor (202) to perform one or more protocols. For example, the software code (205) may control the processor (202) to perform one or more air interface protocol layers.

[0089] Here, the processor (202) and memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a RAT (e.g., LTE or NR). A transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (208). Each transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (206) may be used interchangeably with the RF unit. In the present specification, the second wireless device (200) may represent a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0090] Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as a physical (PHY) layer, a media access control (MAC) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio resource control (RRC) layer, and a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more protocol data units (PDUs) and / or one or more service data units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or flowcharts disclosed herein. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or flowcharts disclosed herein and provide the signals to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) may receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and obtain PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or flowcharts disclosed herein.

[0091] One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, and / or microcomputers. One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, and / or a combination thereof. For example, one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), one or more digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), one or more programmable logic devices (PLDs), and / or one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein may be implemented using firmware and / or software, and the firmware and / or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, and functions. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or flowcharts disclosed in this specification may be included in one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and driven by one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or flowcharts disclosed in this specification may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of codes, instructions and / or sets of instructions.

[0092] One or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be configured as read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer-readable storage media, and / or combinations thereof. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be located internally and / or externally to the one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, the one or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to the one or more processors (102, 202) via various technologies, such as wired or wireless connections.

[0093] One or more transceivers (106, 206) can transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., referred to in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed herein to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) can receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., referred to in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed herein from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) can be coupled to one or more processors (102, 202) and can transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) can control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, wireless signals, etc., to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, wireless signals, etc. from one or more other devices.

[0094] One or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to one or more antennas (108, 208). The one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as referred to in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein via the one or more antennas (108, 208). In the present specification, the one or more antennas (108, 208) may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports).

[0095] One or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202). One or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert processed user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. from baseband signals to RF band signals using one or more processors (102, 202). For this purpose, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include an (analog) oscillator and / or a filter. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may up-convert an OFDM baseband signal to an OFDM signal via an (analog) oscillator and / or filter under the control of one or more processors (102, 202) and transmit the up-converted OFDM signal at a carrier frequency. One or more transceivers (106, 206) may receive an OFDM signal at a carrier frequency and down-convert the OFDM signal to an OFDM baseband signal via an (analog) oscillator and / or filter under the control of one or more processors (102, 202).

[0096] In the implementation of the present specification, a UE can operate as a transmitter in the uplink (UL) and as a receiver in the downlink (DL). In the implementation of the present specification, a base station can operate as a receiver in the UL and as a transmitter in the DL. For the sake of convenience of description, it is mainly assumed below that the first wireless device (100) operates as a UE and the second wireless device (200) operates as a base station. For example, a processor (102) connected to, mounted on, or released in the first wireless device (100) can be configured to perform UE operations according to the implementation of the present specification or to control a transceiver (106) to perform UE operations according to the implementation of the present specification. A processor (202) connected to, mounted on, or released in the second wireless device (200) can be configured to perform base station operations according to the implementation of the present specification or to control a transceiver (206) to perform base station operations according to the implementation of the present specification.

[0097] In this specification, a base station may be referred to as a Node B, an eNode B (eNB), or a gNB.

[0098] Figure 3 illustrates an example of a wireless device to which the implementation of the present specification is applied.

[0099] Wireless devices can be implemented in various forms depending on the use case / service (see Figure 1).

[0100] Referring to FIG. 3, the wireless devices (100, 200) may correspond to the wireless devices (100, 200) of FIG. 2 and may be configured by various components, devices / parts, and / or modules. For example, each wireless device (100, 200) may include a communication device (110), a control device (120), a memory device (130), and additional components (140). The communication device (110) may include a communication circuit (112) and a transceiver (114). For example, the communication circuit (112) may include one or more processors (102, 202) of FIG. 2 and / or one or more memories (104, 204) of FIG. 2. For example, the transceiver (114) may include one or more transceivers (106, 206) of FIG. 2 and / or one or more antennas (108, 208) of FIG. 2. The control device (120) is electrically connected to the communication device (110), the memory device (130), and the additional components (140), and controls the overall operation of each wireless device (100, 200). For example, the control device (120) may control the electrical / mechanical operation of each wireless device (100, 200) based on programs / codes / commands / information stored in the memory device (130). The control device (120) can transmit information stored in the memory device (130) to the outside (e.g., other communication devices) via the communication device (110) through a wireless / wired interface, or can store information received from the outside (e.g., other communication devices) via the communication device (110) through a wireless / wired interface in the memory device (130).

[0101] The additional component (140) may be configured in various ways depending on the type of wireless device (100, 200). For example, the additional component (140) may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output (I / O) device (e.g., an audio I / O port, a video I / O port), a driving device, and a computing device. The wireless device (100, 200) may be implemented in the form of, but is not limited to, a robot (100a in FIG. 1), a vehicle (100b-1 and 100b-2 in FIG. 1), an XR device (100c in FIG. 1), a portable device (100d in FIG. 1), a home appliance (100e in FIG. 1), an IoT device (100f in FIG. 1), a digital broadcasting terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or a financial device), a security device, a climate / environmental device, an AI server / device (400 in FIG. 1), a base station (200 in FIG. 1), or a network node. The wireless device (100, 200) may be used in a mobile or fixed location depending on the use case / service.

[0102] In FIG. 3, the various components, devices / parts and / or modules of the wireless devices (100, 200) may be connected to each other via a wired interface, or at least some of them may be connected wirelessly via a communication device (110). For example, in each wireless device (100, 200), the control device (120) and the communication device (110) may be connected via a wire, and the control device (120) and the first device (e.g., 130 and 140) may be connected wirelessly via the communication device (110). Each component, device / part and / or module within the wireless devices (100, 200) may further include one or more elements. For example, the control device (120) may be configured by a set of one or more processors. As an example, the control device (120) may be configured by a set of a communication control processor, an application processor (AP), an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphics processing unit and a memory control processor. As another example, the memory device (130) may be configured by RAM, DRAM, ROM, flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, and / or a combination thereof.

[0103] <NR에서의 동작 대역>

[0104] The operating band in NR is as follows.

[0105] The operating bands in Table 3 below are refarmed operating bands from the LTE / LTE-A operating bands. These are called FR1 bands.

[0106] NR operating band Uplink (UL) operating band Downlink (DL) operating band Duplex Mode F UL_low - F UL_high F DL_low - F DL_highn11920 MHz - 1980 MHz2110 MHz - 2170 MHzFDDn21850 MHz - 1910 MHz1930 MHz - 1990 MHzFDDn31710 MHz - 1785 MHz1805 MHz - 1880 MHzFDDn5824 MHz - 849 MHz869 MHz - 894 MHzFDDn72500 MHz - 2570 MHz2620 MHz - 2690 MHzFDDn8880 MHz - 915 MHz925 MHz - 960 MHzFDDn12699 MHz - 716 MHz729 MHz - 746 MHzFDDn20832 MHz - 862 MHz791 MHz - 821 MHzFDDn251850 MHz - 1915 MHz1930 MHz - 1995 MHzFDDn28703 MHz - 748 MHz758 MHz - 803 MHzFDDn342010 MHz - 2025 MHz2010 MHz - 2025 MHzTDDn382570 MHz - 2620 MHz2570 MHz - 2620 MHzTDDn391880 MHz - 1920 MHz1880 MHz - 1920 MHzTDDn402300 MHz - 2400 MHz2300 MHz - 2400 MHzTDDn412496 MHz - 2690 MHz2496 MHz - 2690 MHzTDDn501432 MHz - 1517 MHz1432 MHz - 1517 MHzTDD1n511427 MHz - 1432 MHz1427 MHz - 1432 MHzTDDn661710 MHz - 1780 MHz2110 MHz - 2200 MHzFDDn701695 MHz - 1710 MHz1995 MHz - 2020 MHzFDDn71663 MHz - 698 MHz617 MHz - 652 MHzFDDn741427 MHz - 1470 MHz1475 MHz - 1518 MHzFDDn75N / A1432 MHz - 1517 MHzSDLn76N / A1427 MHz - 1432 MHzSDLn773300 MHz - 4200 MHz3300 MHz - 4200MHzTDDn783300 MHz - 3800 MHz3300 MHz - 3800 MHzTDDn794400 MHz - 5000 MHz4400 MHz - 5000 MHzTDDn801710 MHz - 1785 MHzN / ASULn81880 MHz - 915 MHzN / ASULn82832 MHz - 862 MHzN / ASULn83703 MHz - 748 MHzN / ASULn841920 MHz - 1980 MHzN / ASULn861710 MHz - 1780 MHzN / ASUL

[0107] The table below shows the NR operating band defined at high frequencies. This is called the FR2 band.

[0108] NR operating band Uplink (UL) operating band Downlink (DL) operating band Duplex mode F UL_low - F UL_high F DL_low - F DL_high n25726500 MHz - 29500 MHz26500 MHz - 29500 MHzTDDn25824250 MHz - 27500 MHz24250 MHz - 27500 MHzTDDn25937000 MHz - 40000 MHz37000 MHz - 40000 MHzTDDn26037000 MHz - 40000 MHz37000 MHz - 40000 MHzFDDn26127500 MHz - 28350 MHz27500 MHz - 28350 MHzFDD

[0109] For reference, the operating band of E-UTRA is as shown in Table 5 below.

[0110] For reference, the operating band of E-UTRA is as shown in Table 5 below.

[0111] E-UTRA operating band Uplink (UL) operating band BS reception UE transmission Downlink (DL) operating band BS transmission UE reception Duplex mode F UL_low - F UL_high F DL_low - F DL_high11920 MHz - 1980 MHz2110 MHz - 2170 MHzFDD21850 MHz - 1910 MHz1930 MHz - 1990 MHzFDD31710 MHz - 1785 MHz1805 MHz - 1880 MHzFDD41710 MHz - 1755 MHz2110 MHz - 2155 MHzFDD5824 MHz - 849 MHz869 MHz - 894MHzFDD6830 MHz - 840 MHz875 MHz - 885 MHzFDD72500 MHz - 2570 MHz2620 MHz - 2690 MHzFDD8880 MHz - 915 MHz925 MHz - 960 MHzFDD91749.9 MHz - 1784.9 MHz1844.9 MHz - 1879.9 MHzFDD101710 MHz - 1770 MHz2110 MHz - 2170 MHzFDD111427.9 MHz - 1447.9 MHz1475.9 MHz - 1495.9 MHzFDD12699 MHz - 716 MHz729 MHz - 746 MHzFDD13777 MHz - 787 MHz746 MHz - 756 MHzFDD14788 MHz - 798 MHz758 MHz - 768 MHzFDD15ReservedReservedFDD16ReservedReservedFDD17704 MHz - 716 MHz734 MHz - 746 MHzFDD18815 MHz - 830 MHz860 MHz - 875 MHzFDD19830 MHz - 845 MHz875 MHz - 890 MHzFDD20832 MHz - 862 MHz791 MHz - 821 MHzFDD211447.9 MHz - 1462.9 MHz1495.9 MHz - 1510.9 MHzFDD223410 MHz - 3490 MHz3510 MHz - 3590 MHzFDD232000 MHz - 2020 MHz2180 MHz - 2200 MHzFDD241626.5 MHz - 1660.5 MHz1525 MHz - 1559 MHzFDD251850 MHz - 1915 MHz1930 MHz - 1995 MHzFDD26814 MHz - 849 MHz859 MHz - 894 MHzFDD27807 MHz - 824 MHz852 MHz - 869 MHzFDD28703 MHz - 748 MHz758 MHz - 803 MHzFDD29N / A717 MHz - 728 MHzFDD302305 MHz - 2315 MHz2350 MHz - 2360 MHzFDD31452.5 MHz - 457.5 MHz462.5 MHz - 467.5 MHzFDD32N / A1452 MHz - 1496 MHzFDD. 2331900 MHz - 1920 MHz1900 MHz - 1920 MHzTDD342010 MHz - 2025 MHz2010 MHz - 2025 MHzTDD351850 MHz - 1910 MHz1850 MHz - 1910 MHzTDD361930 MHz - 1990 MHz1930 MHz - 1990 MHzTDD371910 MHz - 1930 MHz1910 MHz - 1930 MHzTDD382570 MHz - 2620 MHz2570 MHz - 2620 MHzTDD391880 MHz - 1920 MHz1880 MHz - 1920 MHzTDD402300 MHz - 2400 MHz2300 MHz - 2400 MHzTDD412496 MHz - 2690 MHz2496 MHz - 2690 MHzTDD423400 MHz - 3600 MHz3400 MHz - 3600 MHzTDD433600 MHz - 3800 MHz3600 MHz - 3800 MHzTDD44703 MHz - 803 MHz703 MHz - 803 MHzTDD451447 MHz - 1467 MHz1447 MHz - 1467 MHzTDD465150 MHz - 5925 MHz5150 MHz - 5925 MHzTDD475855 MHz - 5925 MHz5855 MHz - 5925 MHzTDD483550 MHz - 3700 MHz3550 MHz - 3700 MHzTDD493550 MHz - 3700 MHz3550 MHz - 3700 MHzTDD501432 MHz - 1517 MHz1432 MHz - 1517 MHzTDD511427 MHz - 1432 MHz1427 MHz - 1432 MHzTDD523300 MHz - 3400 MHz3300 MHz - 3400 MHzTDD532483.5 MHz - 2495 MHz2483.5 MHz - 2495 MHzTDD541670 MHz - 1675 MHz1670 MHz - 1675 MHzTDD64Reserved651920 MHz - 2010 MHz2110 MHz - 2200 MHzFDD661710 MHz - 1780 MHz2110 MHz - 2200 MHzFDD67N / A738 MHz - 758 MHzFDD68698 MHz - 728 MHz753 MHz - 783 MHzFDD69N / A2570 MHz - 2620 MHzFDD701695 MHz - 1710 MHz1995 MHz - 2020 MHzFDD71663 MHz - 698 MHz617 MHz - 652 MHzFDD72451 MHz - 456 MHz461 MHz - 466 MHzFDD73450 MHz - 455 MHz460 MHz - 465 MHzFDD741427 MHz - 1470 MHz1475 MHz - 1518 MHzFDD75N / A1432 MHz - 1517 MHzFDD76N / A1427 MHz - 1432 MHzFDD85698 MHz - 716 MHz728 MHz - 746 MHzFDD87410 MHz - 415 MHz420 MHz - 425 MHzFDD88412 MHz - 417 MHz422 MHz - 427 MHzFDD103787 MHz - 788 MHz757 MHz - 758 MHzFDD106896 MHz - 901 MHz935 MHz - 940 MHzFDD.

[0112] <6G 시스템 일반>

[0113] The 6G (wireless communication) system aims to achieve (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) low energy consumption for battery-free IoT devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system can be divided into four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity, and the 6G system can satisfy the requirements as shown in Table 6 below. In other words, Table 6 is a table showing an example of the requirements of a 6G system.

[0114] Per device peak data rate1 TbpsE2E latency1 msMaximum spectral efficiency100bps / HzMobility supportUp to 1000km / hrSatellite integrationFullyAIFullyAutonomous vehicleFullyXRFullyHaptic CommunicationFully

[0115] 6G systems can have key factors such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), AI integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0116] Figure 4 is a diagram showing an example of a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system.

[0117] 6G systems are expected to have 50 times the simultaneous wireless connectivity of 5G systems. URLLC, a key feature of 5G, will become even more crucial in 6G communications by providing end-to-end latency of less than 1 ms. 6G systems will have significantly higher volumetric spectral efficiency, compared to the commonly used area spectral efficiency. 6G systems can offer extremely long battery life and advanced battery technologies for energy harvesting, eliminating the need for separate charging for mobile devices in 6G systems. New network characteristics in 6G may include:

[0118] - Satellite integrated network: 6G is expected to integrate with satellites to provide a global mobile network. The integration of terrestrial, satellite, and airborne networks into a single wireless communications system is crucial for 6G.

[0119] Connected Intelligence: Unlike previous generations of wireless communication systems, 6G is revolutionary, upgrading the wireless evolution from "connected objects" to "connected intelligence." AI can be applied at every stage of the communication process (or at every signal processing step, as described below).

[0120] - Seamless integration of wireless information and energy transfer: 6G wireless networks will transfer power to charge the batteries of devices such as smartphones and sensors. Therefore, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET) will be integrated.

[0121] - Ubiquitous super 3D connectivity: Access to networks and core network functions of drones and very low Earth orbit satellites will create super 3D connectivity in 6G ubiquitous.

[0122] Some general requirements for the new network characteristics of 6G, such as the above, may be as follows:

[0123] - Small cell networks: The concept of small cell networks was introduced to improve received signal quality in cellular systems by increasing throughput, energy efficiency, and spectral efficiency. Consequently, small cell networks are essential for 5G and beyond-5G (5GB) communication systems. Accordingly, 6G communication systems also adopt the characteristics of small cell networks.

[0124] Ultra-dense heterogeneous networks: Ultra-dense heterogeneous networks will be another key feature of 6G communication systems. Multi-tier networks comprised of heterogeneous networks improve overall QoS and reduce costs.

[0125] High-capacity backhaul: Backhaul connections are characterized by high-capacity backhaul networks to support high-volume traffic. High-speed fiber optics and free-space optics (FSO) systems may be potential solutions to this problem.

[0126] - Radar technology integrated with mobile technology: High-precision localization (or location-based services) through communications is a key feature of 6G wireless communication systems. Therefore, radar systems will be integrated with 6G networks.

[0127] - Softwarization and virtualization: Softwarization and virtualization are two critical features that form the foundation of the design process for 5GB networks to ensure flexibility, reconfigurability, and programmability. Furthermore, billions of devices can be shared on a shared physical infrastructure.

[0128] <Key implementation technologies for 6G systems>

[0129] Artificial Intelligence

[0130] The most crucial and newly introduced technology for 6G systems is AI. 4G systems did not involve AI. 5G systems will support partial or very limited AI. However, 6G systems will fully support AI for automation. Advances in machine learning will create more intelligent networks for real-time communications in 6G. Incorporating AI into communications can streamline and improve real-time data transmission. AI can use numerous analyses to determine how complex target tasks should be performed. In other words, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing delays.

[0131] Time-consuming tasks such as handover, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play a crucial role in machine-to-machine (M2M), machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communications. Furthermore, AI can facilitate rapid communication in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0132] Recent attempts to integrate AI into wireless communication systems have focused on the application layer, network layer, and especially deep learning in wireless resource management and allocation. However, this research is increasingly evolving to the MAC layer and physical layer, with attempts to combine deep learning with wireless transmission, particularly at the physical layer. AI-based physical layer transmission refers to the application of AI-driven signal processing and communication mechanisms, rather than traditional communication frameworks, in the fundamental signal processing and communication mechanisms. Examples include deep learning-based channel coding and decoding, deep learning-based signal estimation and detection, deep learning-based MIMO mechanisms, and AI-based resource scheduling and allocation.

[0133] Machine learning can be used for channel estimation and channel tracking, as well as for power allocation and interference cancellation in the physical layer of the downlink (DL). Furthermore, machine learning can be used for antenna selection, power control, and symbol detection in MIMO systems.

[0134] Machine learning refers to a series of operations that train machines to perform tasks that humans can or cannot perform. Machine learning requires data and a learning model. In machine learning, data learning methods can be broadly categorized into three types: supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning.

[0135] Neural network training aims to minimize output errors. It involves repeatedly inputting training data into a neural network, calculating the neural network output and target error for the training data, and backpropagating the neural network error from the output layer to the input layer to update the weights of each node in the neural network to reduce the error.

[0136] Supervised learning uses labeled training data, while unsupervised learning may not have labeled training data. For example, in the case of supervised learning for data classification, the training data may be data in which each training data category is labeled. Labeled training data is input to a neural network, and the error can be calculated by comparing the output (categories) of the neural network with the training data labels. The calculated error is backpropagated through the neural network in the backward direction (i.e., from the output layer to the input layer), and the connection weights of each node in each layer of the neural network can be updated through backpropagation. The amount of change in the connection weights of each updated node can be determined by the learning rate. The neural network's calculation of the input data and the backpropagation of the error can constitute a learning cycle (epoch). The learning rate can be applied differently depending on the number of iterations of the neural network's learning cycle. For example, in the early stages of training a neural network, a high learning rate can be used to quickly allow the network to reach a certain level of performance, thereby improving efficiency. In the later stages of training, a low learning rate can be used to improve accuracy.

[0137] Learning methods may vary depending on the characteristics of the data. For example, if the goal is to accurately predict data transmitted by a transmitter in a communication system, supervised learning is preferable to unsupervised learning or reinforcement learning.

[0138] The learning model corresponds to the human brain, and the most basic linear model can be thought of, but the machine learning paradigm that uses highly complex neural network structures, such as artificial neural networks, as learning models is called deep learning.

[0139] The neural network cores used in learning methods are mainly divided into deep neural networks (DNN), convolutional deep neural networks (CNN), recurrent Boltzmann machines (RNN), and spiking neural networks (SNN).

[0140] Terahertz Communication

[0141] Data rates can be increased by increasing bandwidth. This can be achieved by utilizing sub-THz communications with wide bandwidths and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter waves, typically refer to the frequency range between 0.1 THz and 10 THz, with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz to 300 GHz band (sub-THz band) is considered a key part of the THz spectrum for cellular communications. Adding the sub-THz band to the mmWave band will increase 6G cellular communication capacity. Among the defined THz bands, 300 GHz to 3 THz lies in the far infrared (IR) frequency band. While part of the optical band, the 300 GHz to 3 THz band lies at the boundary of the optical band, immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz to 3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF.

[0142] Figure 5 shows an example of an electromagnetic spectrum.

[0143] Key characteristics of THz communications include (i) the widely available bandwidth to support very high data rates and (ii) the high path loss that occurs at high frequencies (requiring highly directional antennas). The narrow beamwidths generated by highly directional antennas reduce interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows for a significantly larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and base stations operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array technologies to overcome range limitations.

[0144] Large-scale MIMO

[0145] One of the key technologies for improving spectral efficiency is the application of MIMO technology. As MIMO technology improves, spectral efficiency also improves. Therefore, massive MIMO technology will be crucial in 6G systems. Because MIMO technology utilizes multiple paths, multiplexing technology must be considered to ensure that data signals can be transmitted along more than one path, as well as beam generation and operation technologies suitable for the THz band.

[0146] Hologram Beam Forming (HBF)

[0147] Beamforming is a signal processing procedure that adjusts an antenna array to transmit a wireless signal in a specific direction. It is a subset of smart antennas or advanced antenna systems. Beamforming technology offers several advantages, including high signal-to-noise ratio, interference avoidance and rejection, and high network efficiency. Holographic beamforming (HBF) is a novel beamforming method that differs significantly from MIMO systems because it uses software-defined antennas. HBF will be a highly effective approach for efficient and flexible signal transmission and reception in multi-antenna communication devices in 6G.

[0148] Optical wireless technology

[0149] Optical wireless communication (OWC) is a form of optical communication that uses visible light, infrared (IR), or ultraviolet (UV) light to transmit signals. OWC operating in the visible light band (e.g., 390–750 nm) is commonly referred to as visible light communication (VLC). Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) can be utilized to implement VLC. VLC can be used in a variety of applications, including wireless local area networks (WLANs), wireless personal area networks (WPANs), and vehicular networks.

[0150] VLC offers the following advantages over RF-based technologies. First, the spectrum occupied by VLC is unlicensed and can provide a wide bandwidth (up to THz). Second, VLC causes minimal significant interference with other electromagnetic devices. Therefore, VLC can be applied to sensitive electromagnetic interference applications such as aircraft and hospitals. Third, VLC offers advantages in communication security and privacy. Visible light, the transmission medium of VLC-based networks, cannot penetrate walls and other opaque obstacles. Therefore, VLC's transmission range can be limited to indoor areas, protecting users' privacy and sensitive information. Fourth, VLC can utilize lighting sources as base stations, eliminating the need for expensive base stations.

[0151] Free-space optical communication (FSO) is an optical communication technology that uses light propagating in free space, such as air, outer space, or a vacuum, to wirelessly transmit data for communication or computer networking. FSO can be used as a point-to-point optical wireless communication (OWC) system on the ground. FSO can operate in the near-infrared frequency range (750-1600 nm). Laser transmitters can be used to implement FSO, and it offers high data rates (e.g., 10 Gbit / s), potentially offering a solution to backhaul bottlenecks.

[0152] These OWC technologies are designed for 6G communications, in addition to RF-based communications for all possible device-to-access networks. These networks connect to network-to-backhaul / fronthaul networks. OWC technologies have already been used since 4G communication systems, but they will be used more widely to meet the demands of 6G communication systems. OWC technologies such as light fidelity, visible light communication, optical camera communication, and optical band-based FSO communication are already well-known. Communications based on optical wireless technology can provide very high data rates, low latency, and secure communications.

[0153] LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) can also be used for ultra-high-resolution 3D mapping in 6G communications based on its wide bandwidth. LiDAR is a remote sensing method that illuminates a target using near-infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light, detecting the reflected light with a light sensor to measure distance. LiDAR can be used for fully autonomous driving in automobiles.

[0154] FSO Backhaul Network

[0155] The transmitter and receiver characteristics of an FSO system are similar to those of a fiber-optic network. Therefore, data transmission in an FSO system is similar to that of a fiber-optic system. Therefore, FSO can be a promising technology for providing backhaul connectivity in 6G systems, in conjunction with fiber-optic networks. Using FSO, ultra-long-distance communications are possible, even over distances exceeding 10,000 km. FSO supports high-capacity backhaul connectivity for remote and non-remote areas, such as the ocean, space, underwater, and isolated islands. FSO also supports cellular base station (BS) connections.

[0156] Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN)

[0157] 6G systems integrate terrestrial and airborne networks to support vertically expanded user communications. 3D BSs will be provided via low-Earth orbit satellites and UAVs. Adding a new dimension in altitude and associated degrees of freedom significantly differentiates 3D connectivity from existing 2D networks. NR considers Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs) as one approach to achieving this. NTNs are networks or network segments that utilize RF resources onboard satellites (or UAS platforms). Common NTN scenarios, which provide access to user equipment, include transparent payloads and regenerative payloads. The following are the basic elements of NTNs.

[0158] - One or more sat-gateways connecting the NTN to the public data network.

[0159] - GEO satellites are served by one or more satellite gateways deployed across the satellite's target coverage area (e.g., regional or continental coverage). We assume that a UE in a cell is served by only one sat-gateway.

[0160] Non-GEO satellites that provide continuous service from one or more satellite gateways at a time. The system ensures service and feeder link continuity between consecutively serving satellite gateways with sufficient time duration to allow for mobile anchoring and handover.

[0161] - Feeder link or wireless link between the satellite gateway and the satellite (or UAS platform).

[0162] - Service link or wireless link between user equipment and satellite (or UAS platform).

[0163] A satellite (or UAS platform) capable of implementing transparent or regenerative (including onboard processing) payloads. The satellite (or UAS platform) typically generates multiple beams for a designated service area, depending on its field of view. The beam's footprint is typically elliptical. The satellite's (or UAS platform's) field of view varies depending on the onboard antenna diagram and minimum elevation angle.

[0164] - Transparent payload: Radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion, and amplification. Therefore, the waveform signal repeated by the payload remains unchanged.

[0165] - Replay payload: radio frequency filtering, frequency conversion and amplification, demodulation / decoding, switching and / or routing, and coding / modulation. This is essentially equivalent to embedding all or part of a base station function (e.g., gNB) on a satellite (or UAS platform).

[0166] - Optionally, for satellite constellations, inter-satellite link (ISL) is available. This requires a regenerative payload on the satellite. ISL can operate in RF or wideband.

[0167] - User equipment is serviced by satellites (or UAS platforms) within the target service area.

[0168] Typically, GEO satellites and UAS are used to provide continental, regional or local services.

[0169] Typically, LEO and MEO constellations are used to provide services in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. In some cases, constellations can even provide global coverage, including polar regions. This requires appropriate orbital inclination, sufficient beam generation, and inter-satellite links.

[0170] Quantum Communication

[0171] Quantum communication is a next-generation communication technology that applies quantum mechanical properties to the field of information and communication, overcoming limitations of existing information and communication technologies, such as security and ultra-high-speed computation. Quantum communication provides a means to generate, transmit, process, and store information that cannot be expressed in the binary bits of 0 and 1 used in existing communication technologies, or that are difficult to express. Unlike existing communication technologies that use wavelength or amplitude to transmit information between a transmitter and a receiver, quantum communication utilizes photons, the smallest unit of light, to transmit information between the transmitter and receiver. In particular, quantum communication can utilize quantum uncertainty and quantum irreversibility regarding the polarization or phase difference of photons (light), enabling communication with perfect security. Furthermore, under certain conditions, quantum communication may also enable ultra-high-speed communication by exploiting quantum entanglement.

[0172] Cell-free Communication

[0173] Tight integration of multiple frequencies and heterogeneous communication technologies is crucial for 6G systems. As a result, users can seamlessly move from one network to another without requiring any manual configuration on their devices. The best network is automatically selected from available communication technologies. This will break the limitations of the cell concept in wireless communications. Currently, user movement from one cell to another in dense networks results in excessive handovers, resulting in handover failures, handover delays, data loss, and the ping-pong effect. 6G cell-free communications will overcome all of these challenges and provide improved QoS.

[0174] Cell-free communication is defined as "a system in which multiple geographically distributed antennas (APs) cooperatively serve a small number of terminals using the same time / frequency resources, assisted by a fronthaul network and CPU." A single terminal is served by a collection of APs, called an AP cluster. There are several methods for forming AP clusters. Among them, a cluster composed of APs that can significantly improve terminal reception performance is called terminal-centric clustering, and this method dynamically updates the cluster configuration as the terminal moves. By introducing this terminal-centric AP clustering technique, the terminal is always located at the center of the AP cluster, thereby avoiding inter-cluster interference that can occur when the terminal is located at the edge of the AP cluster. This cell-free communication will be achieved through multi-connectivity and multi-tier hybrid technologies and heterogeneous radios in the devices.

[0175] Integration of Wireless Information and Energy Transfer (WIET)

[0176] WIET uses the same fields and waves as wireless communication systems. Specifically, sensors and smartphones will be charged using wireless power transfer during communication. WIET is a promising technology for extending the life of battery-powered wireless systems. Therefore, battery-less devices will be supported by 6G communications.

[0177] Integration of Wireless Communication and Sensing

[0178] Autonomous wireless networks are capable of continuously sensing dynamically changing environmental conditions and exchanging information between different nodes. In 6G, sensing will be tightly integrated with communications to support autonomous systems.

[0179] Integrated Access and Backhaul Network

[0180] In 6G, the density of access networks will be enormous. Each access network will be connected to backhaul connections, such as fiber optics and FSO networks. To accommodate the massive number of access networks, there will be tight integration between access and backhaul networks.

[0181] Big Data Analysis

[0182] Big data analytics is a complex process for analyzing diverse, large-scale data sets, or "big data." This process uncovers hidden data, unknown correlations, and customer trends, ensuring complete data management. Big data is collected from various sources, such as video, social networks, images, and sensors. This technology is widely used to process massive amounts of data in 6G systems.

[0183] Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface

[0184] Many studies have been conducted that consider the wireless environment as an optimization target variable along with the transmitter and receiver. The wireless environment created using this approach is called a Smart Radio Environment (SRE) or Intelligent Radio Environment (IRE) to emphasize its fundamental difference from past design and optimization standards. Various terms have been proposed for reconfigurable intelligent antenna (or intelligent reconfigurable antenna) technologies that enable SRE, including Reconfigurable Metasurfaces, Smart Large Intelligent Surfaces (SLIS), Large Intelligent Surfaces (LIS), Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS), and Intelligent Reflecting Surface (IRS).

[0185] THz band signals have strong linearity, which can create many shadow areas due to obstacles. RIS technology, which enables expanded communication coverage, enhanced communication stability, and additional value-added services by installing RIS near these shadow areas, is becoming increasingly important. RIS is an artificial surface made of electromagnetic materials that can alter the propagation of incoming and outgoing radio waves. While RIS may appear to be an extension of massive MIMO, it differs from massive MIMO in its array structure and operating mechanism. Furthermore, RIS operates as a reconfigurable reflector with passive elements, meaning it passively reflects signals without using active RF chains, which offers the advantage of low power consumption. Furthermore, because each passive reflector in RIS must independently adjust the phase shift of the incoming signal, this can be advantageous for wireless communication channels. By appropriately adjusting the phase shift via the RIS controller, the reflected signal can be collected at the target receiver to boost the received signal power.

[0186] In addition to reflecting wireless signals, RISs also exist that can control transmission and refraction characteristics. These RISs are primarily used for outdoor-to-indoor (O2I) applications. Recently, STAR-RIS (Simultaneous Transmission and Reflection RIS), which provides both reflection and transmission, has also been actively researched.

[0187] Metaverse

[0188] The metaverse is a portmanteau of "meta," meaning "virtual" or "transcendent," and "universe," meaning "cosmos." Generally, the metaverse is used to mean "a three-dimensional virtual space where social and economic activities similar to those in the real world are facilitated."

[0189] Extended Reality (XR), a key technology enabling the metaverse, can expand real-world experiences and deliver exceptional immersion by merging the virtual and real. The high bandwidth and low latency of 6G networks enable users to experience even more immersive virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR).

[0190] Autonomous Driving (Self-driving)

[0191] For fully autonomous driving, vehicles must communicate with each other to inform each other of dangerous situations, and vehicles must communicate with infrastructure such as parking lots and traffic lights to confirm information such as parking location and signal change times. V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything), a key element in building autonomous driving infrastructure, is a technology that allows cars to communicate and share with various elements on the road for autonomous driving, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) wireless communication.

[0192] To maximize autonomous driving performance and ensure high safety, fast transmission speeds and low-latency technologies are essential. Furthermore, as autonomous driving moves beyond simply providing warnings or guidance messages to drivers, actively intervening in driving and directly controlling the vehicle in dangerous situations requires a vast amount of information to be transmitted and received, 6G is expected to maximize autonomous driving with faster transmission speeds and lower latency than 5G.

[0193] Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)

[0194] Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), or drones, will be a key element in 6G wireless communications. In most cases, high-speed wireless connections will be provided using UAV technology. BS entities are installed on UAVs to provide cellular connectivity. UAVs offer specific capabilities not found in fixed BS infrastructure, such as easy deployment, robust line-of-sight links, and controlled mobility. During emergencies such as natural disasters, deploying terrestrial communication infrastructure is not economically feasible, and sometimes, volatile environments make it impossible to provide services. UAVs can easily handle these situations. UAVs will become a new paradigm in wireless communications. This technology facilitates three fundamental requirements for wireless networks: enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), URLLC, and mMTC. UAVs can also support various purposes, such as enhancing network connectivity, fire detection, disaster emergency services, security and surveillance, pollution monitoring, parking monitoring, and accident monitoring. Therefore, UAV technology is recognized as one of the most important technologies for 6G communications.

[0195] Blockchain

[0196] Blockchain will become a crucial technology for managing massive amounts of data in future communication systems. Blockchain is a form of distributed ledger technology. A distributed ledger is a database distributed across numerous nodes or computing devices. Each node replicates and stores an identical copy of the ledger. Blockchains are managed by a peer-to-peer network and can exist without being managed by a central authority or server. Data on a blockchain is collected and organized into blocks. Blocks are linked together and protected using cryptography. Blockchain perfectly complements large-scale IoT with its inherently enhanced interoperability, security, privacy, reliability, and scalability. Therefore, blockchain technology offers several features, such as interoperability between devices, traceability of large amounts of data, autonomous interaction with other IoT systems, and the massive connectivity stability of 6G communication systems.

[0197] <Disclosure of this Specification>

[0198] In mobile communication technologies including 5G NR, Carrier Aggregation (CA) combinations and / or Dual Connectivity (DC) combinations based on various bands may be supported. For CA combinations and / or DC combinations, it is necessary to define the Maximum Sensitivity Degradation (MSD) due to self-interference at the terminal receiving end for each CA band combination of an operator. Defining this MSD can allow for mitigation of the terminal's reception sensitivity. Alternatively, defining this MSD can additionally utilize elements that mitigate intermodulation distortion (IMD) and / or distortion due to harmonic components (e.g., using a harmonic trap filter, defining a measurement method in an area where there is no desense due to IMD).

[0199] For example, with regard to CA combinations and / or DC combinations, there is also the issue that RF requirements for intermodulation interference are not defined when two Uplink (UL) bands are configured simultaneously.

[0200] For example, in various examples of the disclosure of this specification, intermoducation interference can be analyzed when two UL bands are configured simultaneously, and MSD to be applied to reception sensitivity can be analyzed.

[0201] For example, in various examples of the disclosure of this specification, MSD requirements are defined to ensure the Rx performance of the UE with respect to various CA and / or DC combinations. For example, in the disclosure of this specification, the IMD associated with various CA band combinations and / or DC band combinations is analyzed, and the MSD to be applied to the reception sensitivity is analyzed.

[0202] For example, the harmonic components and / or IMD effects of CA band combinations and / or DC band combinations can be analyzed. In the disclosure of the present specification, a band combination in which reception sensitivity degradation occurs in the terminal's own reception band can be analyzed based on the harmonic components and IMD effects.

[0203] Additionally, for high-power 3Tx UE, MSD due to intermodulation distortion can also be analyzed.

[0204] Furthermore, in the disclosure of this specification, the MSD can be analyzed by considering the RF structure implemented by the terminal in the corresponding band combination. Based on the MSD analysis, exceptions to the reception sensitivity requirements for the corresponding band combination can be specified in the standard. Accordingly, exceptions can be applied to the reception sensitivity test of the corresponding terminal.

[0205] Note that while the disclosure herein describes MSDs primarily with respect to CA or DC, these are merely examples. The MSDs described herein can also be applied to DC or CA based on the same band combination.

[0206] For reference, in the disclosure of this specification, the term terminal may be used as a term having the same meaning as User Equipment (UE).

[0207] According to the examples disclosed in this specification, a UE and / or a network (e.g., a base station) can perform CA-based operations and / or DC-based operations. In this case, the examples disclosed in this specification analyze self-interference occurring in the UE and propose relaxed specifications for sensitivity to such self-interference.

[0208] First, an example of self-interference is explained with reference to the example in Fig. 6.

[0209] The following drawings are intended to illustrate specific examples of the present specification. The names of specific devices and the names of specific signals / messages / fields depicted in the drawings are provided for illustrative purposes only, and the technical features of this specification are not limited to the specific names used in the drawings.

[0210] Figure 6 illustrates an example of a situation in which an uplink signal transmitted through an uplink operating band affects the reception of a downlink signal through a downlink operating band.

[0211] In Fig. 6, IMD (Intermodulation Distortion) can mean amplitude modulation of a signal containing two or more different frequencies due to nonlinearity or time variation of the system. Intermodulation between frequency components can form additional components not only at frequencies that are not at the harmonic frequencies (integer multiples) of either frequency, as in harmonic distortion, but also at frequencies that are the sum and difference frequencies of the original frequencies, and the sum and difference of multiples of these frequencies.

[0212] Referring to FIG. 6, an example in which CA is configured for a UE is illustrated. For example, the UE may perform CA-based communication based on one downlink operating band (DL Band Z) and one uplink operating band (UL Band Y). In the example of FIG. 9, only an example in which two uplink operating bands are used and one downlink operating band is used is illustrated to analyze the impact of IMD, but this is merely an example. The scope of the disclosure of the present specification may also include cases in which one or more downlink operating bands and two or more uplink operating bands are used.

[0213] However, in the example of FIG. 6, the CA setting is merely an example, and DC based on the same band combination may also be set. In other words, the descriptions related to CA in the various examples disclosed in this specification can also be applied to DC.

[0214] As illustrated in FIG. 6, in a situation where one downlink operating band and two uplink operating bands are configured for CA, the UE can transmit an uplink signal through the two uplink operating bands. In this case, harmonic components and IMD (Intermodulation Distortion) components generated based on the frequency band of the uplink signal may belong to its own downlink band. That is, when the terminal transmits an uplink signal in the example of FIG. 6, harmonic components and IMD (Intermodulation Distortion) components may occur, which may affect the downlink band of the terminal itself.

[0215] When a UE receives a downlink signal, it must be set to satisfy a reference sensitivity power level (REFSENS), which is the minimum average power for each antenna port of the UE.

[0216] When harmonic components and / or IMD components occur, as in the example of Fig. 6, there is a possibility that REFSENS for the downlink signal may not be satisfied due to the uplink signal transmitted by the UE itself. The reference sensitivity power level REFSENS may be the minimum average power applied to each UE antenna port for all UE categories. Based on REFSENS, the throughput must meet or exceed the requirements of the specified reference measurement channel.

[0217] For example, REFSENS can be set so that the downlink signal throughput of the UE is greater than or equal to 95% of the maximum throughput of the reference measurement channel. If harmonic components and / or IMD components occur, the downlink signal throughput may be reduced to less than 95% of the maximum throughput.

[0218] Therefore, if harmonic components and / or IMD components occur, it can be determined whether harmonic components and IMD components of the UE occur, and since the MSD (Maximum Sensitivity Degradation) value is defined for the corresponding frequency band, relaxation for REFSENS in the receive band related to its own transmit signal can be allowed. Here, MSD can mean the maximum allowable reduction of REFSENS. If MSD is defined for a specific operating band of a UE for which CA or DC is set, REFSENS of the corresponding operating band can be relaxed by the amount of the defined MSD.

[0219] The IMD component affecting the victim band is calculated, and the MSD value can be analyzed by considering the IMD component. Inter modulation can refer to a distorted signal that occurs when two UL signals pass through a nonlinear element. When analyzing the IMD component, the two UL bands can be basically assumed as UL aggressors and the IMD component can be analyzed. Among the DL bands, the band affected by the IMD component can be selected as the DL victim, and the IMD component for this can be analyzed and the MSD value can be determined respectively. For example, if UL band X and UL band Y affect not only DL band Z but also DL band B, the MSD for DL ​​band B can also be calculated.

[0220] The band combinations for DC described in the examples of the disclosure of this specification are, for example,

[0221] It may include a combination of E-UTRA operating bands 3, 11, NR operating band n79 (e.g., DC_3A-11A_n79A PC3), a combination of E-UTRA operating bands 8, 1, NR operating band n79 (e.g., DC_8A_n1A-n79A PC2), a combination of E-UTRA operating bands 8, NR operating bands n3, n79 (e.g., DC_8A_n3A-n79A PC2), a combination of E-UTRA operating bands 8, NR operating bands n28, n79 (e.g., DC_8A_n28A-n79A PC2).

[0222] For example, coexistence issues may occur when a UE operates based on 2UL / 3DL, 2UL / 2DL, and 2UL / 1DL in the DC_3A-11A_n79A frequency band combination. For example, if the victim DL band to which the coexistence issue applies is included in this combination of operating bands, the MSD values ​​described below may be applied.

[0223] Table 7 shows examples of UE component parameters for analyzing IMD and deriving MSD levels.

[0224] ComponentIP2 (dBm)IP3 (dBm)IP4 (dBm)IP5 (dBm)IP56(dBm)IP7 (dBm)Ant. Switch1126855555758.5Diplexer1158555555758.5Duplexer1007555535556.5Triplexer1127255535556.5Quadplexer1137255525455.5PA Forward28.53030283031.5PA Reversed403030303233.5LNA000-10-8-6.5

[0225] Table 7 shows examples of element linearity characteristics of component parameters.

[0226] Here, IP n can refer to the nth-order intercept point. For example, IP4 is the 4th-order intercept point. LNA can refer to a low noise amplifier. PA can refer to a power amplifier. Ant. Switch can refer to an antenna switch.

[0227] The following drawings are intended to illustrate specific examples of the present specification. The names of specific devices and the names of specific signals / messages / fields depicted in the drawings are provided for illustrative purposes only, and the technical features of this specification are not limited to the specific names used in the drawings.

[0228] FIG. 7 is an example of elements according to one embodiment of the disclosure of the present specification.

[0229] Referring to the examples in FIG. 7, the shapes, names, insertion losses, and isolation factors of elements used in various examples of the disclosure of the present specification are illustrated.

[0230] For example, the insertion loss of a duplexer for the FDD band is 1 dB. The isolation factor is 50 for the near band and 15 for the high band. The near band can refer to a frequency close to the operating frequency of the duplexer or filter. For example, if the operating frequency of the duplexer is 1.2 to 1.4 GHz, the surrounding area within 100 MHz can be considered the near band. The unit of the isolation factor is dB.

[0231] For reference, in various examples of the disclosure of this specification, the components illustrated in FIG. 7 may be used for IMD component analysis and MSD calculation. The components of FIG. 7 may correspond to the components included in FIGS. 10 to 12.

[0232] In the disclosure of this specification, IMD and MSD can be analyzed.

[0233] The following drawings are intended to illustrate specific examples of the present specification. The names of specific devices and the names of specific signals / messages / fields depicted in the drawings are provided for illustrative purposes only, and the technical features of this specification are not limited to the specific names used in the drawings.

[0234] FIG. 8 is an example of intermodulation according to one embodiment of the disclosure of the present specification.

[0235] With reference to the example of Fig. 8, an example of the principle of intermodulation degradation is explained.

[0236] Referring to the example in Fig. 8, f1-1 means the center frequency of band 1. f1-2 means the center frequency of band 2.

[0237] Intermodulation signal is a combination of two signals (f 1_1 , f 1_2 ) represents the signal generated when passing through a nonlinear element. An intermodulation signal can be generated at a frequency based on a formula such as the example below.

[0238] IMD output frequency =±n*f 1_1 ±m*f 1_2

[0239] Here, m,n = 0,1,2,3 ...

[0240] Order = |nm|.

[0241] Referring to the above formula, the intermodulation signal can be expressed as the absolute value of the difference between the value obtained by multiplying the center frequency of band 1 by an integer and the value obtained by multiplying the center frequency of band 2 by an integer.

[0242] For example, a terminal may operate as a CA / DC with two UL signals output simultaneously. In this case, IMD may occur due to the two UL signals output by the terminal. If this IMD component enters the DL band of the terminal, it may affect the REFSENS. Based on the impact on the REFSENS, the MSD requirement is defined.

[0243] For reference, in various examples of the disclosure of this specification, PC2 may mean power class 2. PC3 may mean power class 3. For example, PC2 may support a maximum output power of 26 dBm, a tolerance of +2 / -3 dB. For example, PC3 may support a maximum output power of 23 dBm, a tolerance of +2 / -3 dB, +2 / -2 dB, or +2 / -2.5 dB.

[0244] Below, we analyze the impact of IMD and MSD based on various band combinations.

[0245] For example, when DC based on E-UTRA bands 3, 11 and NR band n79 is set for a UE supporting PC3, the impact of IMD and MSD are analyzed.

[0246] For example, when DC based on E-UTRA band 8, NR bands n1 and n79 is set to a UE supporting PC2, the impact of IMD and MSD are analyzed.

[0247] For example, when DC based on E-UTRA band 8, NR bands n3 and n79 is set for a UE supporting PC2, the impact of IMD and MSD are analyzed.

[0248] For example, when DC based on E-UTRA band 8 and NR bands n28 and n79 is set for a UE supporting PC2, the impact of IMD and MSD are analyzed.

[0249] Hereinafter, with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10, the impact of IMD and MSD for DC (e.g., DC_3A-11A_n79A) based on E-UTRA bands 3, 11, and NR band n79 are analyzed. In this case, DC based on E-UTRA band 3 and NR band n79 can be set for the uplink band.

[0250] First, referring to FIGS. 9 and 10, an example will be described in which UL bands n41 and n71 are aggressors that generate IMD4 and DL band n71 is a victim.

[0251] The following drawings are intended to illustrate specific examples of the present specification. The names of specific devices and the names of specific signals / messages / fields depicted in the drawings are provided for illustrative purposes only, and the technical features of this specification are not limited to the specific names used in the drawings.

[0252] FIG. 9 illustrates an example illustrating an interference path according to a coexistence issue of DC based on E-UTRA bands 3, 11 and NR band n79 according to one embodiment of the disclosure of the present specification.

[0253] Figure 9 illustrates coexistence issues due to self-interference (e.g., IMD3) occurring for downlink band 11 when DC based on E-UTRA bands 3, 11 and NR band n79 is configured for the UE.

[0254] For example, a UE may transmit an uplink signal based on E-UTRA band 3, NR band n79, and the UE may receive a downlink signal based on band 11. In this case, IMD 3 based on the uplink signal may be an IMD affecting band 11.

[0255] Referring to FIG. 9, the 3rd order IMD (IMD 3) component of an uplink signal transmitted in the E-UTRA band 3, which is an uplink band, and an uplink signal transmitted in the NR band n79, which is an uplink band, can fall within the frequency range of the downlink band 11.

[0256] For example, the worst case scenario where the impact of IMD 3 is greatest within the frequency range of downlink band 11 may be as follows: the center frequency of the uplink band, E-UTRA band 3, is 1720 MHz, the center frequency of the uplink band, NR band n79, is 4920 MHz, and the center frequency of the downlink operating band, band 11, is 1480 MHz. In addition, the center frequency of the UL L of E-UTRA band 3 CRB is 25, and UL L of NR band n79 CRB is 216, the UL BW of E-UTRA band 3 can be 5MHz, the UL BW of NR band n79 can be 40MHz, and the DL BW of band 11 can be 5MHz. Here, L CRB is the length of contiguous resource block.

[0257] In this case, since 4920-1720*2=1480, the frequency of the IMD 3 component based on the uplink band E-UTRA band 3 and the uplink band NR band n79 can match the center frequency of the downlink band 11.

[0258] However, the combination of center frequencies described in Fig. 9 is only an example, and the combination of center frequencies of the uplink band that affects the downlink band may vary.

[0259] For reference, the explanation based on FIG. 9 can also be applied to the influence of IMD of each of the other band combinations of the fourth example of the disclosure of this specification.

[0260] Referring to FIG. 10, an example of an architecture for analyzing the impact of IMD and MSD is described when DC (e.g., DC_3A-11A_n79A) based on E-UTRA bands 3, 11, and NR band n79 is set, and DC (e.g., Uplink DC_3A_n79A) based on E-UTRA band 3, NR band n79 is set for the uplink band.

[0261] The following drawings are intended to illustrate specific examples of the present specification. The names of specific devices and the names of specific signals / messages / fields depicted in the drawings are provided for illustrative purposes only, and the technical features of this specification are not limited to the specific names used in the drawings.

[0262] FIG. 10 is an example of a structure of a UE in which DC is set based on E-UTRA bands 3, 11 and NR band n79 according to one embodiment of the disclosure of the present specification.

[0263] For reference, Figure 10 is a simplified diagram of the UE structure.

[0264] Referring to the example in Fig. 10, the two inverted triangles located at the very top may be antennas.

[0265] Typically, a device called a diplexer may exist at the stage following the antenna to classify paths according to band. In the example of Fig. 10, the diplexer includes the L-band and the H-band. The diplexer divides the L-band path and the H-band path based on 3 GHz. When a signal passes through the diplexer, the L-band signal is transmitted to the L-band path, and the H-band signal is transmitted to the H-band path.

[0266] Following the diplexer is the Single Power Multi-Thru (SPMT) switch. Simply put, the SPMT switch is a switch that creates a path to handle a specific band. The SPMT switch isolates the remaining paths.

[0267] The next stage after the SPMT switch is a duplexer. The duplexer functions similarly to a diplexer. It can process the Tx and Rx paths separately. Each duplexer is followed by a Band Pass Filter (BPS).

[0268] At the next stage of each BPF, there is a PA (e.g., triangle) for the Tx path and an LNA (e.g., inverted triangle) for the Rx path.

[0269] For reference, the description of the elements included in the structure of the UE described in the example of FIG. 10 can be equally applied to the elements of the structure of the UE according to the examples of FIGS. 10 to 15.

[0270] As described in the example of FIG. 9, the UE according to the example of FIG. 10 can transmit an uplink signal based on E-UTRA band 3, NR band n79. When the UE receives a downlink signal based on band 11, the IMD3 based on the uplink signal of E-UTRA band 3, NR band n7 can affect band 11.

[0271] For reference, in the example of FIG. 10, the UE may support various power classes including PC3.

[0272] For the DC_3A-11A_n79A, Uplink DC_3A_n79A combination, the analysis of the occurrence of the 3rd IMD was derived based on the analysis of coexistence issues for various combinations, as shown in Table 74 below.

[0273] UE UL carrier fx_lowfx_highfy_lowfy_highUL frequency (MHz) 17101785440050002 nd Harmonic frequency limits 2*fx_low2*fx_high2*fy_low2*fy_high2 nd Harmonic Frequency Limit (MHz)342035708800100003 rd Harmonic frequency limit 3*fx_low3*fx_high3*fy_low3*fy_high3 rd Harmonic Frequency Limit (MHz) 5130 535 513 200 15000 Two-tone 2 nd order IMD products|fy_low - fx_high||fy_high - fx_low||fy_low + fx_low||fy_high + fx_high|IMD Frequency Limit (MHz)2615329061106785Two-tone 3 rd order IMD component|2*fx_low - fy_high||2*fx_high - fy_low||2*fy_low - fx_high||2*fy_high - fx_low|IMD frequency limit (MHz)158083070158290Two-tone 3 rd order IMD components|2*fx_low + fy_low||2*fx_high + fy_high||2*fy_low + fx_low||2*fy_high + fx_high|IMD frequency limit (MHz)782085701051011785Two-tone 4 th order IMD components|3*fx_low - fy_high||3*fx_high - fy_low||3*fy_low - fx_high||3*fy_high - fx_low|IMD frequency limit (MHz)1309551141513290Two-tone 4 thorder IMD components|3*fx_low + fy_low||3*fx_high + fy_high||3*fy_low + fx_low||3*fy_high + fx_high|IMD frequency limit (MHz)9530103551491016785Two-tone 4 th order IMD component|2*fx_low - 2*fy_high||2*fx_high - 2*fy_low||2*fx_low + 2*fy_low||2*fx_high + 2*fy_high|IMD frequency limit (MHz)658052301222013570Two-tone 5 th order IMD components|fx_low - 4*fy_high||fx_high - 4*fy_low||fy_low - 4*fx_high||fy_high - 4*fx_low|IMD frequency limit (MHz)182901581527401840Two-tone 5 th order IMD component|fx_low + 4*fy_low||fx_high + 4*fy_high||fy_low + 4*fx_low||fy_high + 4*fx_high|IMD frequency limit (MHz)19310217851124012140Two-tone 5 th order IMD component|2*fx_low - 3*fy_high||2*fx_high - 3*fy_low||2*fy_low - 3*fx_high||2*fy_high - 3*fx_low|IMD frequency limit (MHz)11580963034454870Two-tone 5 th order IMD component|2*fx_low + 3*fy_low||2*fx_high + 3*fy_high||2*fy_low + 3*fx_low||2*fy_high + 3*fx_high|IMD frequency limit (MHz)16620185701393015355

[0274] fx_low corresponds to the smallest value in the frequency band of band 3, and fx_high corresponds to the highest value in the frequency band of band 3. fy_low corresponds to the smallest value in the frequency band of band n79, and fy_high corresponds to the highest value in the frequency band of band n79.

[0275] According to the example in Table 8, when the UE simultaneously transmits uplink signals based on band 3 and n79, it may have an impact based on IMD3 on band 11.

[0276] For example, according to the example in Table 8, the value of |2*fx_low - fy_high| is 1580MHz and the value of |2*fx_high - fy_low| is 830MHz, which affects the downlink band frequency range of band 11.

[0277] Parameters according to the example in Table 9 can be used to analyze IMD and MSD when DC (e.g., DC_3A-11A_n79A) is set based on E-UTRA bands 3, 11, and NR band n79, and DC (e.g., Uplink DC_3A_n79A) is set based on E-UTRA band 3, NR band n79 for the uplink band.

[0278] Antenna isolation, dB10, Front-end loss, dB (FDD), dB (TDD), dB (Duplexer up / down isolation, dB (Duplexer high-frequency band isolation, dB (Duplexer high / low ...

[0279] Table 9 shows examples of parameters used in MSD analysis.

[0280] Based on the architecture of Fig. 10 and the RF parameters of Table 9, MSD was analyzed.

[0281] For example, if DC (e.g., DC_3A-11A_n79A) is set based on E-UTRA bands 3, 11, and NR band n79, and DC (e.g., Uplink DC_3A_n79A) is set based on E-UTRA band 3, NR band n79 for the uplink band, the path loss based on the signal path of the Tx signal and IMD products can be calculated as follows. The unit of the values ​​below can be dB.

[0282] For example, the loss from the high band PA to the low band PA can be calculated as follows. For example, the high band can be band n79, the low band can be band 3, and the victim band is band 11.

[0283] 1(Switch)+1(filter)+1*switch)+15(diplexer)+1(switch)+15(duplexer) = 34

[0284] For example, the loss from low band PA to high band PA can be calculated as follows.

[0285] 1(duplexer)+1(switch)+15(diplexer)+1(switch)+30(filter)+1(switch) = 49

[0286] For example, the loss (main receiver) from the interferer generated in the low band PA until it reaches the victim band can be calculated as follows.

[0287] 50(duplexer)+1(switch)+2(diplexer)+1(switch)+1(duplexer) = 54

[0288] For example, the loss (div receiver) from the interferer generated in the low band PA until it reaches the victim band can be calculated as follows.

[0289] 50(duplexer)+1(switch)+2(diplexer)+10(antenna)+2(diplexer)+1(switch)+1(filter) = 67

[0290] Since this value is greater than 60, the PCB isolation value of 60dB can be applied instead of 67.

[0291] For example, the loss (main receiver) until the interferer generated in the high band PA reaches the victim band can be calculated as follows.

[0292] 1(switch)+30(filter)+1(switch)+15(diplexer)+1(switch)+1(duplexer)= 49

[0293] For example, the loss (diversity receiver) from the interferer generated in the high band PA until it reaches the victim band can be calculated as follows.

[0294] 1(switch)+30(filter)+1(switch)+15(diplexer)+10(antenna)+2(diplexer)+1(switch)+1(filter) = 56

[0295] outInLBand3277Hn79288

[0296] The example in Table 10 is an example of the output of the PA for each band.

[0297] As shown in the example in Table 11, the main receiver interference power can be calculated.

[0298] Intermodulation case (main) LH Interferer power When the interferer generated in PA reaches the victim main receiver, the magnitude L(isol) to H-338-124-173 L(direct) to H-2228-87.6-136.6 H(isol) to L7-32-84-138 H(direct) to L27-6-23.6-77.6 H and L to victimLNA-33-32-98-98 IMD -77.6

[0299] According to the example in Table 11, the IMD based on the main receiver interference power can be -77.6 dBm.

[0300] As shown in the example in Table 12, the diversity receiver interference power can be calculated.

[0301] intermodulation case(div) Interferer power The magnitude of the interferer generated in the PA when it reaches the victim diversity receiver L(isol) to H-124-180 L(direct) to H-127.6-183.6 H(isol) to L-84-144 H(direct) to L-23.6-83.6 H and L to victim LNA-98-98 IMD-83.4451

[0302] According to the example in Table 12, the IMD based on the diversity receiver interference power can be -83.4451 dBm.

[0303] MSD values ​​can be derived as shown in the example in Table 13.

[0304] Rx1 path-77.6 Rx2 path-83.4 After MRC (dBm)-84.4 MSD (dB) with correction factor, SNR = -1 dB14.6 (=100-84.4)16.1 (=14.6+1.5)

[0305] The example in Table 13 is an example of IMD3 power analysis and MSD values ​​when DC (e.g., DC_3A-11A_n79A) is set based on E-UTRA bands 3, 11, and NR band n79, and DC (e.g., Uplink DC_3A_n79A) is set based on E-UTRA band 3, NR band n79 for the uplink band.

[0306] The value of the Rx1 path is the sum of the IMD 3 components due to the main Rx interference according to the structure of Fig. 10 and the example of Table 11. The value of the Rx1 path is the sum of the IMD 3 components due to the diversity Rx interference according to the structure of Fig. 10 and the example of Table 12. After MRC is the value after applying MRC.

[0307] MSD (dB) with correction factor, SNR = -1 dB is an example of the final derived MSD value based on the main total Rx1 path and Rx2 path values. In the example in Table 13, the REFSENS value of -100 dBm for band 11 was applied.

[0308] According to the example in Table 13, an MSD value of 16.1 can be derived. The derived MSD value can be applied to the example in Table 14 below.

[0309] NR or E-UTRA band / channel bandwidth / NRB / MSDEN-DC setting EUTRA / NR band UL F c (MHz)UL / DL BW(MHz)ULL CRB DL F c (MHz)MSD(dB)IMD orderDC_3A-11A_n79A317205251815N / AN / A11N / A525N / A16.1IMD3n794920402164920N / AN / A

[0310] Table 14 shows an example of MSD test points of SCell due to dual uplink operation for PC3 Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC) based on three bands in NR FR1.

[0311] For example, if DC based on E-UTRA bands 3, 11 and NR band n79 (e.g., DC_3A-11A_n79A) is set, and DC based on E-UTRA band 3, NR band n79 (e.g., Uplink DC_3A_n79A) is set for uplink band, MSD according to the example in Table 14 can be applied. For example, if UE transmits uplink signal based on band 3 and band n79, MSD in band 11 can be 16.1 dB.

[0312] The IMD3 MSD based on DC_3A-11A_n79A, Uplink DC_3A_n79A can be 16.1 dB. Based on the MSD value of 16.1 dB based on IMD3, the UE can perform tests related to REFSENS. For example, such a UE can support PC3.

[0313] Specifically, the MSD values ​​of Table 14 can be used when testing the UE based on requirements for the reception performance of the UE. For example, the transceiver and / or receiver of the UE can be tested to see whether it satisfies the reference sensitivity (REFSENS) to which the MSD values ​​according to the examples of Table 14 are applied. The transceiver of the UE can receive a downlink signal. The transceiver of the UE can be a transceiver that has been tested to see whether the downlink signal throughput of the UE is 95% or more of the maximum throughput of the reference measurement channel based on the REFSENS to which the MSD values ​​are applied.

[0314] For example, for UE, DC based on E-UTRA bands 3, 11 and NR band n79 can be set.

[0315] For example, such DC may be set for one or more transceivers included in the UE. In this case, since signals transmitted from uplink bands 3 and n79 may affect downlink band 11 (e.g., due to the influence of the IMD3 component), REFSENS may be relaxed by the MSD value of 16.1 dB. Based on the relaxed value, one or more transceivers may be tested to determine whether the downlink signal throughput of the UE is greater than or equal to 95% of the maximum throughput of the reference measurement channel. The UE may include one or more transceivers that have passed the test.

[0316] Referring to FIG. 11, an example of an architecture for analyzing the impact of IMD and MSD is described when, for a UE supporting PC2, a DC (e.g., DC_8A_n1A-n79A) based on E-UTRA band 8, NR band n1, n79 is set, and for the uplink band, a DC (e.g., Uplink DC_8A_n79A) based on E-UTRA band 8, NR band n79 is set.

[0317] The following drawings are intended to illustrate specific examples of the present specification. The names of specific devices and the names of specific signals / messages / fields depicted in the drawings are provided for illustrative purposes only, and the technical features of this specification are not limited to the specific names used in the drawings.

[0318] FIG. 11 is an example of a structure of a UE in which DC is set based on E-UTRA band 8, NR bands n1, n79 according to one embodiment of the disclosure of the present specification.

[0319] For reference, Figure 11 is a simplified diagram of the UE structure.

[0320] For a description of the elements included in Fig. 11, reference may be made to the description according to the example of Fig. 10.

[0321] A UE can transmit an uplink signal based on E-UTRA band 8, NR band n79. When the UE receives a downlink signal based on NR band n1, IMD4 based on the uplink signal of E-UTRA band 8, NR band n79 can affect NR band n1.

[0322] For reference, in the example of FIG. 11, the UE may support various power classes including PC2.

[0323] For the DC_8A_n1A-n79A, Uplink DC_8A_n79A combination, the analysis of the occurrence of the 4th IMD was derived based on the analysis of coexistence issues for various combinations, as shown in Table 15 below.

[0324] UE UL carriersfx_lowfx_highfy_lowfy_highUL frequency (MHz)880915440050002 nd Harmonic frequency limits 2*fx_low2*fx_high2*fy_low2*fy_high2 nd Harmonic Frequency Limit (MHz)176018308800100003 rd Harmonic frequency limit 3*fx_low3*fx_high3*fy_low3*fy_high3 rd Harmonic Frequency Limit (MHz) 2640 2745 13200 15000 Two-tone 2 nd order IMD products|fy_low - fx_high||fy_high - fx_low||fy_low + fx_low||fy_high + fx_high|IMD Frequency Limit (MHz)3485412052805915Two-tone 3 rdorder IMD products|2*fx_low - fy_high||2*fx_high - fy_low||2*fy_low - fx_high||2*fy_high - fx_low|IMD 주파수 제한 (MHz)3240257078859120Two-tone 3 rd order IMD products|2*fx_low + fy_low||2*fx_high + fy_high||2*fy_low + fx_low||2*fy_high + fx_high|IMD 주파수 제한 (MHz)61606830968010915Two-tone 4 th order IMD products|3*fx_low - fy_high||3*fx_high - fy_low||3*fy_low - fx_high||3*fy_high - fx_low|IMD 주파수 제한 (MHz)236016551228514120Two-tone 4 th order IMD products|3*fx_low + fy_low||3*fx_high + fy_high||3*fy_low + fx_low||3*fy_high + fx_high|IMD 주파수 제한 (MHz)704077451408015915Two-tone 4 th order IMD products|2*fx_low - 2*fy_high||2*fx_high - 2*fy_low||2*fx_low + 2*fy_low||2*fx_high + 2*fy_high|IMD 주파수 제한 (MHz)824069701056011830Two-tone 5 th order IMD products|fx_low - 4*fy_high||fx_high - 4*fy_low||fy_low - 4*fx_high||fy_high - 4*fx_low|IMD 주파수 제한 (MHz)19120166857401480Two-tone 5 thorder IMD products|fx_low + 4*fy_low||fx_high + 4*fy_high||fy_low + 4*fx_low||fy_high + 4*fx_high|IMD Frequency Limit (MHz)184802091579208660Two-tone 5 th order IMD products|2*fx_low - 3*fy_high||2*fx_high - 3*fy_low||2*fy_low - 3*fx_high||2*fy_high - 3*fx_low|IMD Frequency Limit (MHz)132401137060557360Two-tone 5 th order IMD products|2*fx_low + 3*fy_low||2*fx_high + 3*fy_high||2*fy_low + 3*fx_low||2*fy_high + 3*fx_high|IMD Frequency Limit (MHz)14960168301144012745

[0325] fx_low corresponds to the smallest value in the frequency band of band 8, and fx_high corresponds to the highest value in the frequency band of band 8. fy_low corresponds to the smallest value in the frequency band of band n79, and fy_high corresponds to the highest value in the frequency band of band n79.

[0326] According to the example in Table 15, when the UE simultaneously transmits uplink signals based on band 8 and n79, the influence based on IMD4 can be given to band n1.

[0327] For example, according to the example in Table 15, the value of |3*fx_low - fy_high| is 2360MHz and the value of |3*fx_high - fy_low| is 1655MHz, which affects the downlink band frequency range of band n1.

[0328] Parameters according to the example in Table 16 can be used to analyze IMD and MSD when DC (e.g., DC_8A_n1A-n79A) is set based on E-UTRA band 8, NR band n1, n79, and DC (e.g., DC_8A_n79A) is set based on E-UTRA band 8, NR band n79 for the uplink band.

[0329] Antenna isolation, dB10Front end loss, dB (FDD)4Front end loss, dB (TDD)5duplexer up / down isolation50duplexer high frequency band isolation15Diplexer H / L band isolation10Filter isolation30PCB isolation60PA forward IP433PA reverse IP433.6

[0330] Table 16 shows examples of parameters used in MSD analysis.

[0331] Based on the architecture of Fig. 11 and the RF parameters of Table 16, MSD was analyzed.

[0332] For example, if DC (e.g., DC_8A_n1A-n79A) is set for E-UTRA band 8, NR band n1, n79, and DC (e.g., DC_8A_n79A) is set for uplink band, path loss based on signal path of Tx signal and IMD products can be calculated as follows. The unit of the values ​​below can be dB.

[0333] For example, the loss from high band PA to low band PA can be calculated as follows.

[0334] 1(Switch)+1(filter)+1*switch)+15(diplexer)+1(switch)+15(duplexer) = 34

[0335] For example, the loss from low band PA to high band PA can be calculated as follows.

[0336] 1(duplexer)+1(switch)+15(diplexer)+1(switch)+30(filter)+1(switch) = 49

[0337] For example, the loss (main receiver) from the interferer generated in the low band PA until it reaches the victim band can be calculated as follows.

[0338] 50(duplexer)+1(switch)+2(diplexer)+1(switch)+1(duplexer) = 54

[0339] For example, the loss (div receiver) from the interferer generated in the low band PA until it reaches the victim band can be calculated as follows.

[0340] 50(duplexer)+1(switch)+2(diplexer)+10(antenna)+2(diplexer)+1(switch)+1(filter) = 67

[0341] Since this value is greater than 60, the PCB isolation value of 60dB can be applied instead of 67.

[0342] For example, the loss (main receiver) until the interferer generated in the high band PA reaches the victim band can be calculated as follows.

[0343] 1(switch)+30(filter)+1(switch)+15(diplexer)+1(switch)+1(duplexer)= 49

[0344] For example, the loss (diversity receiver) from the interferer generated in the high band PA until it reaches the victim band can be calculated as follows.

[0345] 1(switch)+30(filter)+1(switch)+15(diplexer)+10(antenna)+2(diplexer)+1(switch)+1(filter) = 56

[0346] outInLBand83010Hn793111

[0347] The example in Table 17 is an example of the output of the PA for each band.

[0348] As shown in the example in Table 18, the main receiver interference power can be calculated.

[0349] Intermodulation case (main) LH Interferer power When the interferer generated in PA reaches the victim main receiver, the magnitude L(isol) to H-3011-178-227 L(direct) to H-2431-141.8-190.8 H(isol) to L10-29-98-152 H(direct) to L30-3-13.8-67.8 H and L to victimLNA-30-29-109-109 IMD -67.8

[0350] According to the example in Table 18, the IMD based on the main receiver interference power can be -67.8 dBm.

[0351] As shown in the example in Table 19, the diversity receiver interference power can be calculated.

[0352] intermodulation case (div) Interferer power The magnitude of the interferer generated in the PA when it reaches the victim diversity receiver L(isol) to H-178-238 L(direct) to H-141.8-201.8 H(isol) to L-98-154 H(direct) to L-13.8-73.8 H and L to victim LNA-109-169 IMD-73.81

[0353] According to the example in Table 19, the IMD based on the diversity receiver interference power can be -73.81 dBm.

[0354] MSD values ​​can be derived as shown in the example in Table 20.

[0355] Rx1 path-67.8 Rx2 path-73.8 After MRC (dBm)-74.8 MSD (dB) with correction factor, SNR = -1 dB24.2 (=100-74.8)25.7(=24.2+1.5)

[0356] Table 20 shows an example of IMD4 power analysis and MSD values ​​when, for a UE supporting PC2, DC based on E-UTRA band 8, NR band n1, n79 (e.g., DC_8A_n1A-n79A) is set, and for uplink band, DC based on E-UTRA band 8, NR band n79 (e.g., Uplink DC_8A_n79A) is set.

[0357] The value of the Rx1 path is the sum of the IMD 4 components due to the main Rx interference according to the structure of Fig. 11 and the example of Table 18. The value of the Rx1 path is the sum of the IMD 4 components due to the diversity Rx interference according to the structure of Fig. 11 and the example of Table 19. After MRC is the value after applying MRC.

[0358] MSD (dB) with correction factor, SNR = -1 dB is an example of the final derived MSD value based on the main total Rx1 path and Rx2 path values. In the example in Table 20, the REFSENS value of -100 dBm for band n1 was applied.

[0359] According to the example in Table 20, an MSD value of 25.7 can be derived. The derived MSD value can be applied to the example in Table 21 below.

[0360] NR or E-UTRA band / channel bandwidth / NRB / MSDEN-DC setting EUTRA / NR band UL F c (MHz)UL / DL BW(MHz)ULL CRB DL F c (MHz)MSD(dB)IMD orderDC_8A_n1A-n79A8900525955N / AN / An1N / A525212025.7IMD4n794815402161818.5N / AN / A

[0361] Table 21 shows an example of MSD test points of SCell due to dual uplink operation for PC2 EN-DC based on three bands in NR FR1.

[0362] For example, if DC (e.g., DC_8A_n1A-n79A) is set based on E-UTRA band 8, NR band n1, n79, and DC (e.g., Uplink DC_8A_n79A) is set for uplink band, MSD according to the example in Table 21 can be applied. For example, if UE transmits uplink signal based on band 8 and band n79, MSD in band n1 can be 25.7 dB.

[0363] The IMD4 MSD based on DC_8A_n1A-n79A and Uplink DC_8A_n79A can be 25.7 dB. Based on the MSD value of 25.7 dB based on IMD4, the UE can perform tests related to REFSENS. For example, such a UE can support PC2.

[0364] Specifically, the MSD values ​​of Table 21 can be used when testing the UE based on requirements for the reception performance of the UE. For example, the transceiver and / or receiver of the UE can be tested to see whether it satisfies the reference sensitivity (REFSENS) to which the MSD values ​​according to the examples of Table 21 are applied. The transceiver of the UE can receive a downlink signal. The transceiver of the UE can be a transceiver that has been tested to see whether the downlink signal throughput of the UE is 95% or more of the maximum throughput of the reference measurement channel based on the REFSENS to which the MSD values ​​are applied.

[0365] For example, for UE, DC based on E-UTRA band 8, NR bands n1, n79 can be set.

[0366] For example, such DC may be set for one or more transceivers included in the UE. In this case, since signals transmitted from uplink bands 8 and n79 may affect downlink band n1 (e.g., due to the influence of the IMD4 component), REFSENS may be relaxed by the MSD value of 25.7 dB. Based on the relaxed value, one or more transceivers may be tested to determine whether the downlink signal throughput of the UE is greater than or equal to 95% of the maximum throughput of the reference measurement channel. The UE may include one or more transceivers that have passed the test.

[0367] Referring to FIG. 12, an example of an architecture for analyzing the impact of IMD and MSD is described when, for a UE supporting PC2, a DC (e.g., DC_8A_n3A-n79A) based on E-UTRA band 8, NR band n3, n79 is set, and for the uplink band, a DC (e.g., Uplink DC_8A_n79A) based on E-UTRA band 8, NR band n79 is set.

[0368] The following drawings are intended to illustrate specific examples of the present specification. The names of specific devices and the names of specific signals / messages / fields depicted in the drawings are provided for illustrative purposes only, and the technical features of this specification are not limited to the specific names used in the drawings.

[0369] FIG. 12 is an example of a structure of a UE in which DC is set based on E-UTRA band 8, NR bands n3, n79 according to one embodiment of the disclosure of the present specification.

[0370] For reference, Figure 12 is a simplified diagram of the UE structure.

[0371] For a description of the elements included in Fig. 12, reference may be made to the description according to the example of Fig. 10.

[0372] A UE can transmit an uplink signal based on E-UTRA band 8, NR band n79. When the UE receives a downlink signal based on NR band n3, IMD4 based on the uplink signal of E-UTRA band 8, NR band n79 can affect NR band n3.

[0373] For reference, in the example of FIG. 12, the UE may support various power classes including PC2.

[0374] For the DC_8A_n3A-n79A, Uplink DC_8A_n79A combination, the analysis of the occurrence of the 4th IMD was derived based on the analysis of coexistence issues for various combinations, as shown in Table 22 below.

[0375] UE UL carriersfx_lowfx_highfy_lowfy_highUL frequency (MHz)880915440050002 nd Harmonic frequency limits 2*fx_low2*fx_high2*fy_low2*fy_high2 nd Harmonic Frequency Limit (MHz)176018308800100003 rd Harmonic frequency limit 3*fx_low3*fx_high3*fy_low3*fy_high3 rd Harmonic Frequency Limit (MHz) 2640 2745 13200 15000 Two-tone 2 nd order IMD products|fy_low - fx_high||fy_high - fx_low||fy_low + fx_low||fy_high + fx_high|IMD Frequency Limit (MHz)3485412052805915Two-tone 3 rd order IMD products|2*fx_low - fy_high||2*fx_high - fy_low||2*fy_low - fx_high||2*fy_high - fx_low|IMD Frequency Limit (MHz)3240257078859120Two-tone 3 rd order IMD products|2*fx_low + fy_low||2*fx_high + fy_high||2*fy_low + fx_low||2*fy_high + fx_high|IMD Frequency Limit (MHz)61606830968010915Two-tone 4 th order IMD products|3*fx_low - fy_high||3*fx_high - fy_low||3*fy_low - fx_high||3*fy_high - fx_low|IMD Frequency Limit (MHz)236016551228514120Two-tone 4 thorder IMD products|3*fx_low + fy_low||3*fx_high + fy_high||3*fy_low + fx_low||3*fy_high + fx_high|IMD 주파수 제한 (MHz)704077451408015915Two-tone 4 th order IMD products|2*fx_low - 2*fy_high||2*fx_high - 2*fy_low||2*fx_low + 2*fy_low||2*fx_high + 2*fy_high|IMD 주파수 제한 (MHz)824069701056011830Two-tone 5 th order IMD products|fx_low - 4*fy_high||fx_high - 4*fy_low||fy_low - 4*fx_high||fy_high - 4*fx_low|IMD 주파수 제한 (MHz)19120166857401480Two-tone 5 th order IMD products|fx_low + 4*fy_low||fx_high + 4*fy_high||fy_low + 4*fx_low||fy_high + 4*fx_high|IMD 주파수 제한 (MHz)184802091579208660Two-tone 5 th order IMD products|2*fx_low - 3*fy_high||2*fx_high - 3*fy_low||2*fy_low - 3*fx_high||2*fy_high - 3*fx_low|IMD 주파수 제한 (MHz)132401137060557360Two-tone 5 th order IMD products|2*fx_low + 3*fy_low||2*fx_high + 3*fy_high||2*fy_low + 3*fx_low||2*fy_high + 3*fx_high|IMD 주파수 제한 (MHz)14960168301144012745

[0376] fx_low corresponds to the smallest value in the frequency band of band 8, and fx_high corresponds to the highest value in the frequency band of band 8. fy_low corresponds to the smallest value in the frequency band of band n79, and fy_high corresponds to the highest value in the frequency band of band n79.

[0377] According to the example in Table 22, when the UE simultaneously transmits uplink signals based on band 8 and n79, the influence based on IMD4 may be given to band n3.

[0378] For example, according to the example in Table 22, the value of |3*fx_low - fy_high| is 2360MHz and the value of |3*fx_high - fy_low| is 1655MHz, which affects the downlink band frequency range of band n3.

[0379] Parameters according to the example in Table 23 can be used to analyze IMD and MSD when DC (e.g., DC_8A_n3A-n79A) is set based on E-UTRA band 8, NR band n3, n79, and DC (e.g., DC_8A_n79A) is set based on E-UTRA band 8, NR band n79 for the uplink band.

[0380] Antenna isolation, dB10Front end loss, dB (FDD)4Front end loss, dB (TDD)5duplexer up / down isolation50duplexer high frequency band isolation15Diplexer H / L band isolation10Filter isolation30PCB isolation60PA forward IP433PA reverse IP433.6

[0381] Table 23 shows examples of parameters used in MSD analysis.

[0382] Based on the architecture of Fig. 12 and the RF parameters of Table 23, MSD was analyzed.

[0383] For example, if DC (e.g., DC_8A_n3A-n79A) is set for E-UTRA band 8, NR band n3, n79, and DC (e.g., DC_8A_n79A) is set for uplink band, path loss based on signal path of Tx signal and IMD products can be calculated as follows. The unit of the values ​​below can be dB.

[0384] For example, the loss from high band PA to low band PA can be calculated as follows.

[0385] 1(Switch)+1(filter)+1*switch)+15(diplexer)+1(switch)+15(duplexer) = 34

[0386] For example, the loss from low band PA to high band PA can be calculated as follows.

[0387] 1(duplexer)+1(switch)+15(diplexer)+1(switch)+30(filter)+1(switch) = 49

[0388] For example, the loss (main receiver) from the interferer generated in the low band PA until it reaches the victim band can be calculated as follows.

[0389] 50(duplexer)+1(switch)+2(diplexer)+1(switch)+1(duplexer) = 54

[0390] For example, the loss (div receiver) from the interferer generated in the low band PA until it reaches the victim band can be calculated as follows.

[0391] 50(duplexer)+1(switch)+2(diplexer)+10(antenna)+2(diplexer)+1(switch)+1(filter) = 67

[0392] Since this value is greater than 60, the PCB isolation value of 60dB can be applied instead of 67.

[0393] For example, the loss (main receiver) until the interferer generated in the high band PA reaches the victim band can be calculated as follows.

[0394] 1(switch)+30(filter)+1(switch)+15(diplexer)+1(switch)+1(duplexer)= 49

[0395] For example, the loss (diversity receiver) from the interferer generated in the high band PA until it reaches the victim band can be calculated as follows.

[0396] 1(switch)+30(filter)+1(switch)+15(diplexer)+10(antenna)+2(diplexer)+1(switch)+1(filter) = 56

[0397] outInLBand83010Hn793111

[0398] The example in Table 24 is an example of the output of the PA for each band.

[0399] As shown in the example in Table 25, the main receiver interference power can be calculated.

[0400] Intermodulation case (main) LH Interferer power When the interferer generated in PA reaches the victim main receiver, the magnitude L(isol) to H-3011-178-227 L(direct) to H-2431-141.8-190.8 H(isol) to L10-29-98-152 H(direct) to L30-3-13.8-67.8 H and L to victimLNA-30-29-109-109 IMD -67.8

[0401] According to the example in Table 25, the IMD based on the main receiver interference power can be -67.8 dBm.

[0402] As shown in the example in Table 26, the diversity receiver interference power can be calculated.

[0403] intermodulation case (div) Interferer power The magnitude of the interferer generated in the PA when it reaches the victim diversity receiver L(isol) to H-178-238 L(direct) to H-141.8-201.8 H(isol) to L-98-154 H(direct) to L-13.8-73.8 H and L to victim LNA-109-169 IMD-73.8

[0404] According to the example in Table 26, the IMD based on the diversity receiver interference power can be -73.8 dBm.

[0405] MSD values ​​can be derived as shown in the example in Table 27.

[0406] Rx1 path-67.8 Rx2 path-73.8 After MRC (dBm)-74.8 MSD (dB) with correction factor, SNR = -1 dB21.2 (=97-74.8)22.7(=24.2+1.5)

[0407] The example in Table 27 is an example of IMD4 power analysis and MSD values ​​when, for a UE supporting PC2, DC based on E-UTRA band 8, NR band n3, n79 (e.g., DC_8A_n3A-n79A) is set, and for the uplink band, DC based on E-UTRA band 8, NR band n79 (e.g., Uplink DC_8A_n79A) is set.

[0408] The value of the Rx1 path is the sum of the IMD 4 components due to the main Rx interference according to the structure of Fig. 12 and the example of Table 25. The value of the Rx1 path is the sum of the IMD 4 components due to the diversity Rx interference according to the structure of Fig. 12 and the example of Table 26. After MRC is the value after applying MRC.

[0409] MSD (dB) with correction factor, SNR = -1 dB is an example of the final derived MSD value based on the main total Rx1 path and Rx2 path values. In the example in Table 27, the REFSENS value of -91 dBm for band n3 was applied.

[0410] According to the example in Table 27, an MSD value of 25.7 can be derived. The derived MSD value can be applied to the example in Table 28 below.

[0411] NR or E-UTRA band / channel bandwidth / NRB / MSDEN-DC setting EUTRA / NR band UL F c (MHz)UL / DL BW(MHz)ULL CRB DL F c (MHz)MSD(dB)IMD OrderDC_8A_n3A-n79A8885525930N / AN / An3N / A5N / A182022.7IMD 4n794580402164580N / AN / A

[0412] Table 28 shows an example of MSD test points of SCell due to dual uplink operation for PC2 EN-DC based on three bands in NR FR1.

[0413] For example, if DC based on E-UTRA band 8, NR band n3, n79 (e.g., DC_8A_n3A-n79A) is set, and DC based on E-UTRA band 8, NR band n79 (e.g., Uplink DC_8A_n79A) is set for the uplink band, then MSD according to the example in Table 28 can be applied. For example, if the UE transmits an uplink signal based on band 8 and band n79, the MSD in band n3 can be 22.7 dB.

[0414] The IMD4 MSD based on DC_8A_n3A-n79A and Uplink DC_8A_n79A can be 22.7 dB. Based on the MSD value of 22.7 dB based on IMD4, the UE can perform tests related to REFSENS. For example, such a UE can support PC2.

[0415] Specifically, the MSD values ​​of Table 28 can be used when testing the UE based on requirements for the UE's reception performance. For example, the transceiver and / or receiver of the UE can be tested to see whether it satisfies the reference sensitivity (REFSENS) to which the MSD values ​​according to the examples of Table 28 are applied. The transceiver of the UE can receive a downlink signal. The transceiver of the UE can be a transceiver that has been tested to see whether the downlink signal throughput of the UE is 95% or more of the maximum throughput of the reference measurement channel based on the REFSENS to which the MSD values ​​are applied.

[0416] For example, for UE, DC based on E-UTRA band 8, NR bands n3, n79 can be set.

[0417] For example, such DC may be set for one or more transceivers included in the UE. In this case, since signals transmitted from uplink bands 8 and n79 may affect downlink band n3 (e.g., due to the influence of the IMD4 component), REFSENS may be relaxed by the MSD value of 22.7 dB. Based on the relaxed value, one or more transceivers may be tested to determine whether the downlink signal throughput of the UE is greater than or equal to 95% of the maximum throughput of the reference measurement channel. The UE may include one or more transceivers that have passed the test.

[0418] Referring to FIG. 13, an example of an architecture for analyzing the impact of IMD and MSD is described when, for a UE supporting PC2, a DC (e.g., DC_8A_n28A-n79A) based on E-UTRA band 8, NR band n28, n79 is set, and for the uplink band, a DC (e.g., Uplink DC_8A_n79A) based on E-UTRA band 8, NR band n79 is set.

[0419] The following drawings are intended to illustrate specific examples of the present specification. The names of specific devices and the names of specific signals / messages / fields depicted in the drawings are provided for illustrative purposes only, and the technical features of this specification are not limited to the specific names used in the drawings.

[0420] FIG. 13 is an example of a structure of a UE in which DC is set based on E-UTRA band 8 and NR bands n28 and n79 according to one embodiment of the disclosure of the present specification.

[0421] For reference, Figure 13 is a simplified diagram of the UE structure.

[0422] For a description of the elements included in Fig. 13, reference may be made to the description according to the example of Fig. 10.

[0423] A UE can transmit an uplink signal based on E-UTRA band 8, NR band n79. When the UE receives a downlink signal based on NR band n3, IMD4 based on the uplink signal of E-UTRA band 8, NR band n79 can affect NR band n28.

[0424] For reference, in the example of FIG. 12, the UE may support various power classes including PC2.

[0425] For the DC_8A_n28A-n79A, Uplink DC_8A_n79A combination, the analysis of the occurrence of the 5th IMD was derived based on the analysis of coexistence issues for various combinations, as shown in Table 29 below.

[0426] UE UL carriersfx_lowfx_highfy_lowfy_highUL frequency (MHz)880915440050002 nd Harmonic frequency limits 2*fx_low2*fx_high2*fy_low2*fy_high2 nd Harmonic Frequency Limit (MHz)176018308800100003 rd Harmonic frequency limit 3*fx_low3*fx_high3*fy_low3*fy_high3 rd Harmonic Frequency Limit (MHz) 2640 2745 13200 15000 Two-tone 2 nd order IMD products|fy_low - fx_high||fy_high - fx_low||fy_low + fx_low||fy_high + fx_high|IMD Frequency Limit (MHz)3485412052805915Two-tone 3 rd order IMD products|2*fx_low - fy_high||2*fx_high - fy_low||2*fy_low - fx_high||2*fy_high - fx_low|IMD Frequency Limit (MHz)3240257078859120Two-tone 3 rdorder IMD products|2*fx_low + fy_low||2*fx_high + fy_high||2*fy_low + fx_low||2*fy_high + fx_high|IMD 주파수 제한 (MHz)61606830968010915Two-tone 4 th order IMD products|3*fx_low - fy_high||3*fx_high - fy_low||3*fy_low - fx_high||3*fy_high - fx_low|IMD 주파수 제한 (MHz)236016551228514120Two-tone 4 th order IMD products|3*fx_low + fy_low||3*fx_high + fy_high||3*fy_low + fx_low||3*fy_high + fx_high|IMD 주파수 제한 (MHz)704077451408015915Two-tone 4 th order IMD products|2*fx_low - 2*fy_high||2*fx_high - 2*fy_low||2*fx_low + 2*fy_low||2*fx_high + 2*fy_high|IMD 주파수 제한 (MHz)824069701056011830Two-tone 5 th order IMD products|fx_low - 4*fy_high||fx_high - 4*fy_low||fy_low - 4*fx_high||fy_high - 4*fx_low|IMD 주파수 제한 (MHz)19120166857401480Two-tone 5 th order IMD products|fx_low + 4*fy_low||fx_high + 4*fy_high||fy_low + 4*fx_low||fy_high + 4*fx_high|IMD 주파수 제한 (MHz)184802091579208660Two-tone 5 thorder IMD products|2*fx_low - 3*fy_high||2*fx_high - 3*fy_low||2*fy_low - 3*fx_high||2*fy_high - 3*fx_low|IMD Frequency Limit (MHz)132401137060557360Two-tone 5 th order IMD products|2*fx_low + 3*fy_low||2*fx_high + 3*fy_high||2*fy_low + 3*fx_low||2*fy_high + 3*fx_high|IMD Frequency Limit (MHz)14960168301144012745

[0427] fx_low corresponds to the smallest value in the frequency band of band 8, and fx_high corresponds to the highest value in the frequency band of band 8. fy_low corresponds to the smallest value in the frequency band of band n79, and fy_high corresponds to the highest value in the frequency band of band n79.

[0428] According to the example in Table 29, when the UE simultaneously transmits uplink signals based on band 8 and n79, the influence based on IMD4 can be given to band n28.

[0429] For example, according to the example in Table 29, the value of |fy_low - 4*fx_high| is 740MHz and the value of |fy_high - 4*fx_low| is 1480MHz, which affects the downlink band frequency range of band n28.

[0430] Parameters according to the example in Table 30 can be used to analyze IMD and MSD when DC (e.g., DC_8A_n28A-n79A) is set based on E-UTRA band 8, NR band n28, n79, and DC (e.g., DC_8A_n79A) is set based on E-UTRA band 8, NR band n79 for the uplink band.

[0431] Antenna isolation, dB10Front end loss, dB (FDD)4Front end loss, dB (TDD)5duplexer up / down isolation50duplexer high frequency band isolation15Diplexer H / L band isolation10Filter isolation30PCB isolation60PA forward IP533PA reverse IP532.75

[0432] Table 30 shows examples of parameters used in MSD analysis.

[0433] Based on the architecture of Fig. 13 and the RF parameters of Table 30, MSD was analyzed.

[0434] For example, if DC (e.g., DC_8A_n28A-n79A) is set for E-UTRA band 8, NR band n28, n79, and DC (e.g., DC_8A_n79A) is set for uplink band, path loss based on signal path of Tx signal and IMD products can be calculated as follows. The unit of the values ​​below can be dB.

[0435] For example, the loss from high band PA to low band PA can be calculated as follows.

[0436] 1(Switch)+1(filter)+1*switch)+15(diplexer)+1(switch)+15(duplexer) = 34

[0437] For example, the loss from low band PA to high band PA can be calculated as follows.

[0438] 1(duplexer)+1(switch)+15(diplexer)+1(switch)+30(filter)+1(switch) = 49

[0439] For example, the loss (main receiver) from the interferer generated in the low band PA until it reaches the victim band can be calculated as follows.

[0440] 50(duplexer)+1(switch)+2(diplexer)+1(switch)+1(duplexer) = 54

[0441] For example, the loss (div receiver) from the interferer generated in the low band PA until it reaches the victim band can be calculated as follows.

[0442] 50(duplexer)+1(switch)+2(diplexer)+10(antenna)+2(diplexer)+1(switch)+1(filter) = 67

[0443] Since this value is greater than 60, the PCB isolation value of 60dB can be applied instead of 67.

[0444] For example, the loss (main receiver) until the interferer generated in the high band PA reaches the victim band can be calculated as follows.

[0445] 1(switch)+30(filter)+1(switch)+15(diplexer)+1(switch)+1(duplexer)= 49

[0446] For example, the loss (diversity receiver) from the interferer generated in the high band PA until it reaches the victim band can be calculated as follows.

[0447] 1(switch)+30(filter)+1(switch)+15(diplexer)+10(antenna)+2(diplexer)+1(switch)+1(filter) = 56

[0448] outInLBand83010Hn793111

[0449] The example in Table 31 is an example of the output of the PA for each band.

[0450] As shown in the example in Table 32, the main receiver interference power can be calculated.

[0451] Intermodulation Case (main) LH Interferer power When the interferer generated in PA reaches the victim main receiver, the magnitude L(isol) to H-3011-241-290 L(direct) to H-3931-256-305 H(isol) to L10-29-121-175 H(direct) to L30-3-14-68 H and L to victimLNA-30-29-109-109 IMD -68.00

[0452] According to the example in Table 32, the IMD based on the main receiver interference power can be -67.8 dBm.

[0453] As shown in the example in Table 33, the diversity receiver interference power can be calculated.

[0454] intermodulation case (div) Interferer power The magnitude of the interferer generated in the PA when it reaches the victim diversity receiver L(isol) to H-241-301 L(direct) to H-256-316 H(isol) to L-121-177 H(direct) to L-14-74 H and L to victim LNA-109-169 IMD-74

[0455] According to the example in Table 33, the IMD based on the diversity receiver interference power can be -73.8 dBm.

[0456] MSD values ​​can be derived as shown in the example in Table 34.

[0457] Rx1 path-68.0 Rx2 path-74.0 After MRC (dBm)-75.0 MSD (dB) with correction factor, SNR = -1 dB22.5 (=98.5-75.0)24(=22.5+1.5)

[0458] The example in Table 34 is an example of IMD4 power analysis and MSD values ​​when, for a UE supporting PC2, DC based on E-UTRA band 8, NR band n28, n79 (e.g., DC_8A_n28A-n79A) is set, and for the uplink band, DC based on E-UTRA band 8, NR band n79 (e.g., Uplink DC_8A_n79A) is set.

[0459] The value of the Rx1 path is the sum of the IMD 5 components due to the main Rx interference according to the structure of Fig. 13 and the example of Table 25. The value of the Rx1 path is the sum of the IMD 5 components due to the diversity Rx interference according to the structure of Fig. 13 and the example of Table 33. After MRC is the value after applying MRC.

[0460] MSD (dB) with correction factor, SNR = -1 dB is an example of the final derived MSD value based on the main total Rx1 path and Rx2 path values. In the example in Table 27, the REFSENS value of -98.5 dBm for band n28 was applied.

[0461] According to the example in Table 34, an MSD value of 24 dB can be derived. The derived MSD value can be applied to the example in Table 35 below.

[0462] NR or E-UTRA Band / Channel Bandwidth / NRB / MSDEN-DC SettingEUTRA / NR BandUL Fc (MHz)UL / DL BW (MHz)ULLCRBDL Fc (MHz)MSD (dB)IMD OrderDC_8A_n28A-n79A8905525950N / AN / An794420402164420N / AN / An28N / A5N / A80024.0IMD5

[0463] Table 35 shows an example of MSD test points of SCell due to dual uplink operation for PC2 EN-DC based on three bands in NR FR1.

[0464] For example, if DC (e.g., DC_8A_n28A-n79A) is set based on E-UTRA band 8, NR band n28, n79, and DC (e.g., Uplink DC_8A_n79A) is set for uplink band, MSD according to the example in Table 35 can be applied. For example, if UE transmits uplink signal based on band 8 and band n79, MSD in band n28 can be 24.0 dB.

[0465] The IMD5 MSD based on DC_8A_n28A-n79A and Uplink DC_8A_n79A can be 24.0 dB. Based on the MSD value of 24.0 dB based on IMD5, the UE can perform tests related to REFSENS. For example, such a UE can support PC2.

[0466] Specifically, the MSD values ​​of Table 35 may be used when testing the UE based on requirements for the UE's reception performance. For example, the transceiver and / or receiver of the UE may be tested to determine whether they satisfy the reference sensitivity (REFSENS) to which the MSD values ​​are applied according to the examples in Table 35. The transceiver of the UE may receive a downlink signal. The transceiver of the UE may be a transceiver that has been tested to determine whether the downlink signal throughput of the UE is 95% or more of the maximum throughput of the reference measurement channel based on the REFSENS to which the MSD values ​​are applied.

[0467] For example, for UE, DC based on E-UTRA band 8, NR bands n28, n79 can be set.

[0468] For example, such DC may be set for one or more transceivers included in the UE. In this case, since signals transmitted from uplink bands 8 and n79 may affect downlink band n28 (e.g., due to the influence of the IMD5 component), REFSENS may be relaxed by the MSD value of 24.0 dB. Based on the relaxed value, one or more transceivers may be tested to determine whether the downlink signal throughput of the UE is greater than or equal to 95% of the maximum throughput of the reference measurement channel. The UE may include one or more transceivers that have passed the test.

[0469] The following drawings are intended to illustrate specific examples of the present specification. The names of specific devices and the names of specific signals / messages / fields depicted in the drawings are provided for illustrative purposes only, and the technical features of this specification are not limited to the specific names used in the drawings.

[0470] FIG. 14 illustrates an example of a procedure according to one embodiment of the disclosure of the present specification.

[0471] For example, with respect to the example of FIG. 14, the operations described in the examples of FIGS. 1 to 13 may also be applied. For example, even if operations, contents, etc. are not directly described in the example of FIG. 12, operations, contents, etc. described in various examples of the disclosure of this specification may be applied.

[0472] A device (e.g., a UE) may include one or more transceivers; one or more processors; and one or more memories capable of storing instructions and being operatively connected to the one or more processors. Based on the instructions being executed by the one or more processors, the operations described below may be performed.

[0473] In step (S1401), the UE may transmit an uplink signal. For example, the UE may transmit the uplink signal via one or more transceivers.

[0474] For example, for a device, DC can be set based on three bands among E-UTRA operating bands 3, 8, 11, and NR operating bands n1, n3, n28, n79.

[0475] In step (S1402), the UE may receive a downlink signal. For example, the UE may receive the downlink signal via one or more transceivers.

[0476] For example, the device can be configured to satisfy requirements related to reference sensitivity.

[0477] For example, a maximum sensitivity degradation (MSD) can be applied to the reference sensitivity.

[0478] For example, the MSD may be applied to E-UTRA operating band 11, one of the NR operating bands n1, n28, or n3. For example, the MSD may be applied based on (i) DC being set based on three of the E-UTRA operating bands 3, 8, 11, and the NR operating bands n1, n3, n28, and n79, (ii) the device supporting power class 2 or power class 3, and (iii) the uplink signal being transmitted based on the NR operating band n79 and the E-UTRA operating band 3 or 8.

[0479] For example, MSDs based on examples in Table 14, Table 21, Table 28, and Table 35 may be applied.

[0480] For example, based on (i) DC is set based on the E-UTRA operating bands 3, 11 and the NR operating band n79, (ii) the device supports power class 3, and (iii) the uplink signal is transmitted based on the NR operating band n79 and the E-UTRA operating band 3, an MSD of 16.1 dB based on 3rd order Intermodulation Distortion (IMD) may be applied for the E-UTRA operating band 11.

[0481] For example, based on (i) DC is set based on the E-UTRA operating band 8, the NR operating bands n1, n79, (ii) the device supports power class 2, and (iii) the uplink signal is transmitted based on the NR operating band n79 and the E-UTRA operating band 8, an MSD of 25.7 dB based on 4th order IMD for the NR operating band n1 may be applied.

[0482] For example, based on (i) DC is set based on the E-UTRA operating band 8, the NR operating bands n28 and n79, (ii) the device supports power class 2, and (iii) the uplink signal is transmitted based on the NR operating band n79 and the E-UTRA operating band 8, an MSD of 24.0 dB based on 5th order IMD may be applied to the NR operating band n28.

[0483] For example, based on (i) DC is set based on the E-UTRA operating band 8, the NR operating bands n3, n79, (ii) the device supports power class 2, and (iii) the uplink signal is transmitted based on the NR operating band n79 and the E-UTRA operating band 8, an MSD of 22.7 dB based on 4th order IMD for the NR operating band n3 may be applied.

[0484] For example, the UE may receive DC-related configuration information from the base station.

[0485] The UE can be configured to satisfy requirements related to reference sensitivity. MSD can be applied to the reference sensitivity.

[0486] Based on the combination of bands for DC, the reference sensitivity for downlink reception can be relaxed by MSD.

[0487] The following drawings are intended to illustrate specific examples of the present specification. The names of specific devices and the names of specific signals / messages / fields depicted in the drawings are provided for illustrative purposes only, and the technical features of this specification are not limited to the specific names used in the drawings.

[0488] FIG. 15 illustrates an example of the operation of a UE and a base station according to one embodiment of the disclosure of the present specification.

[0489] For reference, the UE can perform steps S1503 and S1504 of FIG. 15 in the same manner as steps S1401 and S1402 of FIG. 14. The UE of FIG. 15 can also perform the same operations described in the example of FIG. 14. When describing FIG. 15, the contents described in the example of FIG. 14 will be omitted.

[0490] In step (S1501), the UE may transmit a random access preamble to the base station.

[0491] In step (S1502), the base station can transmit a response message to the UE.

[0492] In step (S1503), the UE can transmit an uplink signal to the base station.

[0493] In step (S1504), the base station can transmit a downlink signal to the UE.

[0494] The base station may transmit configuration information related to CA or configuration information related to DC to the UE. Based on the configuration information related to CA or configuration information related to DC, the UE may perform communication based on DC or CA, as described in the example of FIG. 14.

[0495] This specification may have various effects.

[0496] For example, according to various examples of the disclosure of this specification, the coexistence issue of the band combination used in DC can be analyzed, and the coexistence issue can be resolved by analyzing the MSD.

[0497] For example, for a UE, if CA is configured based on bands n41 and n71, the MSD analyzed according to various examples disclosed in this specification can be applied. This can resolve coexistence issues.

[0498] For example, for a UE, if DC is set based on E-UTRA operating bands 3 and 11, and the NR operating band n79, the MSD analyzed according to various examples disclosed in the present specification can be applied. Accordingly, coexistence issues can be resolved.

[0499] For example, for a UE, (i) if DC is set based on the E-UTRA operating band 8 and the NR operating bands n1 and n79, the MSD analyzed according to various examples disclosed in the present specification can be applied. Accordingly, the coexistence issue can be resolved.

[0500] For example, for a UE, (i) if DC is set based on the E-UTRA operating band 8 and the NR operating bands n28 and n79, the MSD analyzed according to various examples disclosed in the present specification can be applied. Accordingly, the coexistence issue can be resolved.

[0501] For example, for a UE, (i) if DC is set based on the E-UTRA operating band 8 and the NR operating bands n3 and n79, the MSD analyzed according to various examples disclosed in the present specification can be applied. Accordingly, the coexistence issue can be resolved.

[0502] The effects that can be achieved through the specific examples of this specification are not limited to the effects listed above. For example, a person with ordinary skill in the relevant technical field may understand or derive various technical effects from this specification. Accordingly, the specific effects of this specification are not limited to those explicitly described herein, but may include various effects that can be understood or derived from the technical features of this specification.

[0503] For reference, the operation of the terminal (e.g., UE) described in this specification may be implemented by the devices of FIGS. 1 to 3 described above. For example, the terminal (e.g., UE) may be the first device (100) or the second device (200) of FIG. 2. For example, the operation of the terminal (e.g., UE) described in this specification may be processed by one or more processors (102 or 202). The operation of the terminal described in this specification may be stored in one or more memories (104 or 204) in the form of instructions / programs (e.g., instructions, executable codes) executable by one or more processors (102 or 202). One or more processors (102 or 202) may control one or more memories (104 or 204) and one or more transceivers (105 or 206), and execute instructions / programs stored in one or more memories (104 or 204) to perform operations of a terminal (e.g., UE) described in the disclosure of this specification.

[0504] Additionally, commands for performing operations of a terminal (e.g., UE) described in the disclosure of this specification may be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. The storage medium may be included in one or more memories (104 or 204). In addition, the commands recorded in the storage medium may be executed by one or more processors (102 or 202) to perform operations of a terminal (e.g., UE) described in the disclosure of this specification.

[0505] For reference, the operations of a network node (e.g., AMF, SMF, UPF, PCF, AUSF, etc.) or a base station (e.g., NG-RAN, gNB, eNB, etc.) described in this specification may be implemented by the devices of FIGS. 1 to 3 described below. For example, the network node or the base station may be the first device (100) or the second device (200) of FIG. 2. For example, the operations of the network node or the base station described in this specification may be processed by one or more processors (102 or 202). The operations of the terminal described in this specification may be stored in one or more memories (104 or 204) in the form of instructions / programs (e.g., instructions, executable codes) executable by one or more processors (102 or 202). One or more processors (102 or 202) may control one or more memories (104 or 204) and one or more transceivers (106 or 206), and execute instructions / programs stored in one or more memories (104 or 204) to perform operations of a network node or base station as described in the disclosure of this specification.

[0506] Additionally, the instructions for performing the operations of the network node or base station described in the disclosure of this specification may be stored in a non-volatile (or non-transitory) computer-readable storage medium having the instructions recorded thereon. The storage medium may be included in one or more memories (104 or 204). In addition, the instructions recorded in the storage medium may be executed by one or more processors (102 or 202) to perform the operations of the network node or base station described in the disclosure of this specification.

[0507] Although the preferred embodiments have been described above by way of example, the disclosure of this specification is not limited to these specific embodiments, and may be modified, changed, or improved in various forms within the scope of the spirit and claims of this specification.

[0508] In the exemplary system described above, the methods are described based on a flowchart as a series of steps or blocks. However, the order of the steps described is not limited, and some steps may occur in a different order or simultaneously with other steps described above. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that the steps depicted in the flowchart are not exclusive, and other steps may be included, or one or more steps in the flowchart may be deleted without affecting the scope of the invention.

[0509] The claims set forth in this specification may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims of this specification may be combined to implement a device, and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined to implement a method. Furthermore, the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined to implement a device, and the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined to implement a method. Other implementations are within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. As a device, One or more transceivers; one or more processors; and comprising one or more memories capable of storing instructions and being operable to the one or more processors; The actions performed based on the above instructions being executed by the one or more processors are: a step of transmitting an uplink signal; and comprising a step of receiving a downlink signal, For the above device, Dual Connectivity (DC) is set based on three bands among E-UTRA operating bands 3, 8, 11, New Radio (NR) operating bands n1, n3, n28, n79, The device is set up so that requirements related to reference sensitivity are satisfied, The maximum sensitivity degradation (MSD) is applied to the above reference sensitivity, A device wherein the MSD is applied to one of the E-UTRA operating band 11, the NR operating band n1, n28, or n3, based on (i) DC is set based on the three bands, (ii) the device supports power class 2 or power class 3, and (iii) the uplink signal is transmitted based on the NR operating band n79 and the E-UTRA operating band 3 or 8.

2. In paragraph 1, the operation is: a step of transmitting a random access preamble; and A device further comprising the step of receiving a response message to the random access preamble.

3. In paragraph 1, the operation is: A device further comprising a step of receiving setting information related to DC based on the above three bands.

4. In paragraph 1, (i) a DC is set based on the E-UTRA operating bands 3, 11 and the NR operating band n79, (ii) the device supports power class 3, (iii) a device wherein an MSD of 16.1 dB based on a third-order Intermodulation Distortion (IMD) is applied to the E-UTRA operating band 11 based on the uplink signal being transmitted based on the NR operating band n79 and the E-UTRA operating band 3.

5. In paragraph 1, (i) DC is set based on the E-UTRA operating band 8, the NR operating bands n1, n79, (ii) the device supports power class 2, (iii) a device wherein an MSD of 25.7 dB based on a 4th order IMD is applied to the NR operating band n1 based on the uplink signal being transmitted based on the NR operating band n79 and the E-UTRA operating band 8.

6. In paragraph 1, (i) DC is set based on the E-UTRA operating band 8, the NR operating bands n28, n79, (ii) the device supports power class 2, (iii) based on the uplink signal being transmitted based on the NR operating band n79 and the E-UTRA operating band 8, a device having an MSD of 24.0 dB based on a 5th order IMD for the NR operating band n28.

7. In paragraph 1, (i) DC is set based on the E-UTRA operating band 8, the NR operating bands n3, n79, (ii) the device supports power class 2, (iii) a device wherein an MSD of 22.7 dB based on a 4th order IMD is applied to the NR operating band n3 based on the uplink signal being transmitted based on the NR operating band n79 and the E-UTRA operating band 8.

8. Step of transmitting an uplink signal; and comprising a step of receiving a downlink signal, For the above device, Dual Connectivity (DC) is set based on three bands among E-UTRA operating bands 3, 8, 11, New Radio (NR) operating bands n1, n3, n28, n79, The device is set up so that requirements related to reference sensitivity are satisfied, The maximum sensitivity degradation (MSD) is applied to the above reference sensitivity, A method wherein the MSD is applied to one of the E-UTRA operating band 11, the NR operating band n1, n28, or n3, based on (i) that DC is set based on the three bands, (ii) that the device supports power class 2 or power class 3, and (iii) that the uplink signal is transmitted based on the NR operating band n79 and the E-UTRA operating band 3 or 8.

9. In paragraph 8, the operation is: a step of transmitting a random access preamble; and A device further comprising the step of receiving a response message to the random access preamble.

10. In paragraph 8, the operation is: A device further comprising a step of receiving setting information related to DC based on the above three bands.

11. In paragraph 8, (i) a DC is set based on the E-UTRA operating bands 3, 11 and the NR operating band n79, (ii) the device supports power class 3, (iii) a device wherein an MSD of 16.1 dB based on a third-order Intermodulation Distortion (IMD) is applied to the E-UTRA operating band 11 based on the uplink signal being transmitted based on the NR operating band n79 and the E-UTRA operating band 3.

12. In paragraph 8, (i) DC is set based on the E-UTRA operating band 8, the NR operating bands n1, n79, (ii) the device supports power class 2, (iii) a device wherein an MSD of 25.7 dB based on a 4th order IMD is applied to the NR operating band n1 based on the uplink signal being transmitted based on the NR operating band n79 and the E-UTRA operating band 8.

13. In paragraph 8, (i) DC is set based on the E-UTRA operating band 8, the NR operating bands n28, n79, (ii) the device supports power class 2, (iii) based on the uplink signal being transmitted based on the NR operating band n79 and the E-UTRA operating band 8, a device having an MSD of 24.0 dB based on a 5th order IMD for the NR operating band n28.

14. In paragraph 8, (i) DC is set based on the E-UTRA operating band 8, the NR operating bands n3, n79, (ii) the device supports power class 2, (iii) a device wherein an MSD of 22.7 dB based on a 4th order IMD is applied to the NR operating band n3 based on the uplink signal being transmitted based on the NR operating band n79 and the E-UTRA operating band 8.

15. At least one processor; and At least one memory storing instructions and being operably electrically connected to the at least one processor, The operations performed based on the above instruction being executed by the at least one processor are: a step of transmitting an uplink signal; and comprising a step of receiving a downlink signal, For the above device, Dual Connectivity (DC) is set based on three bands among E-UTRA operating bands 3, 8, 11, New Radio (NR) operating bands n1, n3, n28, n79, The device is set up so that requirements related to reference sensitivity are satisfied, The maximum sensitivity degradation (MSD) is applied to the above reference sensitivity, A device wherein the MSD is applied to one of the E-UTRA operating band 11, the NR operating band n1, n28, or n3, based on (i) DC is set based on the three bands, (ii) the device supports power class 2 or power class 3, and (iii) the uplink signal is transmitted based on the NR operating band n79 and the E-UTRA operating band 3 or 8.

16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that records commands, The above instructions, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to: a step of transmitting an uplink signal; and comprising a step of receiving a downlink signal, For a device containing one or more processors, Dual Connectivity (DC) is set based on three of the E-UTRA operating bands 3, 8, 11, New Radio (NR) operating bands n1, n3, n28, n79, The device is set up so that requirements related to reference sensitivity are satisfied, The maximum sensitivity degradation (MSD) is applied to the above reference sensitivity, (i) DC is set based on the three bands, (ii) the device supports power class 2 or power class 3, (iii) the MSD is applied to one of the E-UTRA operating band 11, the NR operating band n1, n28, or n3 based on the uplink signal being transmitted based on the NR operating band n79 and the E-UTRA operating band 3 or 8.

17. A step of receiving an uplink signal from a device; and comprising a step of transmitting a downlink signal to the device; For the above device, Dual Connectivity (DC) is set based on three bands among E-UTRA operating bands 3, 8, 11, New Radio (NR) operating bands n1, n3, n28, n79, The device is set up so that requirements related to reference sensitivity are satisfied, The maximum sensitivity degradation (MSD) is applied to the above reference sensitivity, A method wherein the MSD is applied to one of the E-UTRA operating band 11, the NR operating band n1, n28, or n3, based on (i) that DC is set based on the three bands, (ii) that the device supports power class 2 or power class 3, and (iii) that the uplink signal is transmitted based on the NR operating band n79 and the E-UTRA operating band 3 or 8.

18. As a base station, One or more transceivers; one or more processors; and comprising one or more memories capable of storing instructions and being operable to the one or more processors; The actions performed based on the above instructions being executed by the one or more processors are: A step of receiving an uplink signal from a device; and comprising a step of transmitting a downlink signal to the device; For the above device, Dual Connectivity (DC) is set based on three bands among E-UTRA operating bands 3, 8, 11, New Radio (NR) operating bands n1, n3, n28, n79, The device is set up so that requirements related to reference sensitivity are satisfied, The maximum sensitivity degradation (MSD) is applied to the above reference sensitivity, A base station, wherein the MSD is applied to one of the E-UTRA operating band 11, the NR operating band n1, n28, or n3, based on (i) DC is set based on the three bands, (ii) the device supports power class 2 or power class 3, and (iii) the uplink signal is transmitted based on the NR operating band n79 and the E-UTRA operating band 3 or 8.

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