Movable formwork for cut-and-cover tunnel construction

Abstract

The invention relates to the construction of long concrete and / or reinforced concrete structures. A formwork for building long tunnels using the cut and cover method comprises a vertical formwork assembly and a horizontal formwork assembly, each of which comprises a supporting beam in the form of an I-beam to which jack plates are mounted, screw jacks, screws and standard manually assembled scaffold elements. Mounted to said scaffold elements are at least two transoms. Additionally mounted to the vertical formwork assembly are at least two suspension beams, from which are suspended supports having adjustment screws for fastening formwork panels. Secured across the top of the suspension beams is a deck made of timbers and having gaps at the location of the walls under construction. Mounted to the horizontal formwork assembly are at least two channel profiles, across which a joist is laid, and a form liner is secured over the joist. The formwork is provided with wedging rails which can be mounted in the space between a wall under construction and the form liner. Without being dismantled, both assemblies are moved to the next working region on sleds which are designed to be slidable with the aid of at least two hydraulic cylinders connected to a hydraulic power unit, wherein the horizontal formwork assembly trails the vertical formwork assembly. The technical result consists in reducing construction time and economizing on the resources required in cut-and-cover tunnel building.

Description

[0001] MOBILE FORMWORK FOR OPEN-CUT TUNNEL CONSTRUCTION (TOP)

[0002] Field of technology

[0003] The claimed technical solution is used in the field of construction of concrete and / or reinforced concrete structures, mainly of an extended type, such as tunnels, and is intended to speed up (facilitate) the construction process.

[0004] State of the art

[0005] The state of the art includes various forms (removable and non-removable) made of wood, metal or other materials, and used to give monolithic structures made of concrete, reinforced concrete, soil mixture and other building solutions certain parameters, such as shape, geometric dimensions, position in space, surface structure, etc.

[0006] The formwork for floors is known (RU109775U1 from 14.04.2011, IPC class E04G 11 / 38) which includes horizontal, vertical, support and connecting elements, a fastening unit for the horizontal elements to the vertical ones, a beam and a formwork panel, wherein the vertical elements are made hollow and have external or internal threads at the ends to enable joining them vertically using connecting elements, each of which is made in the form of a coupling, respectively, with internal or external threads, to enable adjustment of the formwork height; nodal fastening elements are fixedly fixed to the vertical elements, and above them, mating nodal fastening elements are made with the possibility of movement along the vertical element, wherein at the ends of the horizontal elements, perpendicular to the axis of the horizontal elements, tips in the form of wedges are made, intended for clamping between the lower fastening unit fixed to the vertical element, and the upper fastening unit, movable on the vertical element.

[0007] The disadvantage of the technical solution is the limited use of the floor formwork, since the claimed design cannot be used for concreting curvilinear structures without significant improvement. In addition, it is necessary to completely disassemble the supporting and form-forming surfaces to move the formwork to the next work site, which significantly increases the construction time. Another floor formwork is known (RU62628U8 from 29.12.2006, class IPC E04G 11 / 38), which includes horizontal, vertical, supporting and connecting elements, a unit for fastening horizontal elements to vertical ones, beams and a formwork panel, where it contains at least one horizontal element, at least two vertical elements with a circular cross-section and at least two supporting elements, while the vertical elements are joined together vertically using connecting elements according to the "pipe to pipe" principle,on the vertical elements with a pitch multiple of 500 mm, fixed nodal fastening elements made of steel, the inner surface of which is described by the equation of the surface of a body of revolution, are fixed, and above them, with the possibility of moving along the vertical element, mating nodal fastening elements made of malleable cast iron, the inner surface of which is also described by the equation of the surface of a body of revolution, are made, while at the ends of the horizontal elements, perpendicular to the axis of the horizontal elements, tips in the form of wedges are made, intended for clamping between the lower fastening unit, fixed on the vertical element, and the upper fastening unit, movable on the vertical element.,

[0008] The disadvantage of this technical solution is the limited use of floor formwork, since it is not possible to move the formwork to the next work site without completely dismantling the supporting structures, which significantly increases construction time.

[0009] Formwork for erecting walls and ceilings is known (RU2040657C1 dated 25.02.1993, application 93009838 / 33, IPC class E04G 11 / 38, E04G 19 / 00), which contains vertical wall and horizontal ceiling frame formwork panels with grooves for fasteners, connected to each other through a corner element, wherein the corner element is rigidly connected to the frames of the formwork panels by means of holders and has a corner gusset, pivotally connected by a strut to a support, also pivotally connected to the formwork panels by means of struts, and the supports are provided with a movable collar, on which the ends of the struts are pivotally fixed, and a fork for placing the frame of the ceiling panel, wherein the holder can be made in the form of a plate with a rotary rectangular fixing rod, the size of which is smaller than the longitudinal size of the groove of the frame of the connected panels and larger than the transverse dimension of this groove. The specified technical solution is taken as a prototype.

[0010] The disadvantage of formwork for erecting walls and ceilings is the impossibility of moving it to the next work site without completely dismantling the supporting structures, which significantly increases the construction time. In addition, this formwork uses metal ties passing through the structure of the wall being erected to fasten parallel-mounted wall formwork panels for erecting walls over 300 mm thick or inclined elements of vertical structures. The ties, upon completion of the hardening of the structure, are either left inside the wall or leave a through hole in the wall, which must be sealed separately, which also significantly increases the construction time.

[0011] The applicant's analysis of the state of the art, including a search of patent and scientific and technical sources of information and the identification of sources containing information on analogues of the claimed technical solution, made it possible to establish that the applicant did not find an analogue characterized by the feature of identity (identical) to all essential features of the claimed invention, which confirms the criterion of "novelty".

[0012] The invention criterion "industrial applicability" is confirmed by the fact that the proposed technical solution ensures the construction of walls, ceilings and (or) roofs of reinforced concrete underground and above-ground structures and buildings of extended form, for example: tunnels, trays, water conduits or other similar structures, including multi-level ones, provided that the underground structures are constructed using an open method.

[0013] The objective of the claimed technical solution is to develop mobile formwork for the construction of tunnels and other extended structures using the open method (OOM) ensuring:

[0014] - construction of vertical structures for covering and roofing tunnels of various geometries, including curvilinear ones.

[0015] Disclosure of the essence of the technical solution

[0016] The technical solution to the above problem is the development of mobile formwork for the construction of tunnels or other extended structures using the open method (OPM), which is a system that includes two blocks: vertical (VWO) and horizontal (HWO), each of which includes a support beam, where the latter is made in the form of an I-beam on which jack supports, screw jacks, screws and IPRS elements are installed, while at least two crossbars are installed on the latter, where at least two suspended beams are additionally installed on the VWO block, to which stops with adjusting screws are hung for fastening the formwork panels, while a flooring made of lumber with breaks in the location of the walls is fixed on top of the suspended beams, and at least two channel-logs are installed on the HWO block, along which a timber-log is laid and a form-forming surface is fixed on top of it,and a wedging block is installed in the gap between the wall and the form-forming surface, while the movement of both blocks to the next section of work is carried out without disassembling them, by means of sliding skids, which are pushed by at least two hydraulic cylinders connected to the hydraulic station, while the BGO follows the BVO. The specified technical solution ensures the correct technological sequence of construction, the use of a flow method of conducting work, ensures a high pace of construction.

[0017] A possible technical solution is to install corners with a hole for fastening to the leveling beam and stops on the adjusting screws for fastening the formwork panels, which ensures the necessary changes in the wall geometry, such as slope and thickness, without disassembling the BVO block. The specified technical solution ensures the versatility of the TOP design, allows for the construction of vertical structures of various geometries, including those of non-constant cross-section.

[0018] A technical solution is possible, where the timber flooring is made in the form of a horizontal deck with breaks in the location of the walls, along which movement and concreting is carried out moving from wall to wall without going down. This technical solution ensures the convenience of performing work by one team of workers, since it eliminates the need to go down each time to move from one vertical structure to another.

[0019] A possible technical solution is where the wedging block is made in the form of a profile with a cross-section representing a rectangular trapezoid and is installed in the space between the wall and the beam-lag, wedging them, which allows you to tightly press the formwork to the uneven surface of the wall and lower the form-forming surface without jamming. This technical solution ensures the durability of the BGO block due to the fact that during the rearrangement and partial disassembly of the form-forming surface, the beams and channels-lags and other BGO structures are not deformed, since the wedging block eliminates their jamming, and, accordingly, there is no need to use excessive impact mechanical effects. A possible technical solution is where, in order to increase the number of vertical structures being erected, at least 4 internal and external formwork stops are added to the support beam of both blocks, vertical (BVO) and horizontal (BGO).on one wall or other vertical structure with at least two formwork adjusting screws for one side of the formwork panels, at least two formwork support tables for one formwork panel, at least 1 formwork leveling beam for two formwork panels installed on one side, and formwork inventory panels. The specified technical solution ensures the versatility of the TOP design, allowing the construction of building structures of various configurations, in particular with a large number of vertical structures.

[0020] A technical solution is possible, where the change in the height of the walls of the tunnel or other extended structure is carried out by adjusting the height with IPRS screws or by building up IPRS elements. The specified technical solution ensures the versatility of the TOP design, allowing the construction of building structures of various configurations, in particular with vertical structures of various heights.

[0021] A variant of the technical solution is possible, where the change of the tunnel width or other extended structure (distance between vertical structures) is performed for BVO by changing the length of the suspension beam, support beam, upper and lower connectors, connecting angle, as well as by changing the number of beams, screws and IPRS elements, and for BGO by changing the length of the support beam, temporary ties, spacers, additional IPRS ties, log beams, channel beams, form-forming surface, wedging beam, console, as well as by changing the number of beams, screws and IPRS elements. The specified technical solution ensures the versatility of the TOP design, allowing the construction of building structures of various configurations, in particular, of various widths.

[0022] Brief list of drawings

[0023] Additionally, we note that the attached Figs. 1-5 show the most preferred embodiment of the technical solution and cannot be considered as limiting the content of the technical solution, which also includes other embodiments. Fig. 1 shows the TOP (BVO) in section of the tunnel structure, after pouring the concrete wall. Fig. 2 shows the TOP (BVO) in plan (top view) of the tunnel structure, after pouring the concrete wall. Fig. 3 shows the TOP (BGO) in plan (top view) of the tunnel structure, in the alignment of the walls, after pouring the concrete floor or coating. Fig. 4 shows the TOP (BGO) in section of the tunnel structure, after pouring the concrete floor or coating. Fig. 5 shows the TOP (BGO) in section of the tunnel structure, after hardening of the concrete floor or coating with a lowered form-generating surface, ready for rearrangement to the next part of the work. pos.1 - suspension beam, made in the form of an I-beam with holes for installing diagonal ties, crossbars, formwork stops, screw struts and an upper connector, made of metal; pos. 2 - crossbar, made in the form of an I-beam with holes for connecting to the suspension beam, IPRS elements and, if necessary, reinforced with ribs made of plates, made of metal; pos. 3 - internal formwork stop, made in the form of a square, rectangular or round pipe with holes for installing adjusting screws, with a plate with holes at the upper end for fastening to the beam and a formwork support table welded at the bottom, made of metal, installed inside the walls. pos. 4 - external formwork stop, the same as pos. 3, installed outside the walls; pos. 5 - two-level screw strut made in the form of a factory-made product of the "turnbuckle" type, suspended from the beam, made of metal; pos.6 - the leveling beam of the formwork is made in the form of two connected channels with a longitudinal slot through which the formwork panel fasteners and formwork adjusting screws are secured, made of metal; pos. 7 - the formwork inventory panels are made in the form of a factory-made product, which is a frame connected, on one side, by a panel, made of metal and lumber; pos. 8 - the formwork adjusting screws are made in the form of a standard threaded stud with a welded corner at the end with a hole for fastening to the leveling beam 6 and the formwork stops, made of metal; pos. 9 - the formwork support table is made in the form of a profile with ribs made of plates, made of metal; pos. 10 - the lumber flooring is made in the form of a horizontal deck with breaks at the location of the walls, along which workers move; pos. 11 - IPRS elements are made in the form of standard factory products from pipes, plates, angles, etc., made of metal; pos.12 - the connecting angle is made in the form of a profile with welded plates with holes for connection with the IPRS elements, is made of metal and can be of different lengths depending on the structure being erected; pos. 13 - the support beam is made in the form of an I-beam with holes for installing the IPRS screws on top and the jack supports from the bottom of the runners along the ends of the lower connector, is made of metal; pos. 14 - the lower connector is made in the form of a profile with holes for fastening to the support beam, is made of metal; pos. 15 - the runner is made in the form of a channel, a round pipe and plates with holes for fastening to the support beam and hydraulic cylinders welded together, is made of metal; pos. 16 - a screw jack, made in the form of a factory-made product of the "turnbuckle" type with plates for fastening at one end to the jack support, at the other end to the internal formwork stop, is made of metal; pos.17 - jack support, made in the form of plates welded together with holes for fastening the support beam and the screw jack together, made of metal; pos. 18 - the upper connector is made in the form of a profile with holes, serves to connect the beams together, made of metal; pos. 19 - the fence post is made in the form of a pipe with bent rods welded along one axis, made of metal; pos. 20 - the diagonal tie is made in the form of a corner with holes at the ends for fastening the beams together, made of metal; pos. 21 - the hydraulic cylinder is made in the form of a modified finished rubber-metal product of factory manufacture consisting of a hydraulic cylinder with a pushing force equal to the mass of the TOP * 1.5 / 2 and with significant parameters of the rod output with lugs for connection with the slides and plates welded together for fastening to the foundation; pos.22 - IPRS screw; made in the form of a finished factory-made product consisting of plates, a rod with a thread and a pusher, made of metal; pos. 23 - hydraulic power unit, made in the form of a complex finished factory-made product, designed to accumulate hydraulic fluid (oil) and pump it through high-pressure hoses to hydraulic cylinders and back to the storage tank of the hydraulic power unit; pos. 24 - the tunnel foundation or other extended structure is made in the form of a finished building structure, made of reinforced concrete; pos. 25 - the tunnel walls are made in the form of a structure being erected TOP is installed after the completion of reinforcement, then concrete is poured and cured until an acceptable strength gain in the range of 60-70% of the design strength; pos. 26 - the fencing railings are made in the form of boards or prefabricated bar lumber, usually made of wood; pos.27 - console, additional element which is installed if the bearing capacity of the channel-joist is insufficient, made in the form of a profile and plates with holes for fastening to the beams at the installation points; the beam is reinforced with ribs made of plates, made of metal; pos. 28 - wedging block; made in the form of a profile with a cross-section representing a rectangular trapezoid, installed in the space between the wall and the channel-joist by wedging them, made of lumber; pos. 29 - the beam-joist is made in the form of a beam of rectangular or square cross-section with bevels at the ends representing a mirror image of the bevel of the wedging block, made of lumber or metal; pos. 30 - the channel-joist is made in the form of a channel with holes for fastening to the beams, into which the channel-joist is laid, made of metal; pos.31 - plug, made in the form of an angle profile, serves to divide the form-generating surface into the main part and the part adjacent to the wall, made of metal; pos. 32 - clamp, an additional consumable element that remains in the structure, made in the form of a finished product of factory manufacture for fastening the rods of the reinforcement cage, made of metal; pos. 33 - nut-sleeve, made in the form of a finished product of factory manufacture, made of polymer material or lumber; pos. 34 - tie (bolt) - a fastening element for connecting and fixing the formwork panels, made in the form of a finished product of factory manufacture, representing a rod with a thread at the end for connection with a nut-sleeve and a hook or without one at the other end for connection with the reinforcement cage, made of metal; pos. 35 - stiffener made in the form of a plate with chamfers, made of metal, welded to the beams for their reinforcement; pos.36 - the forming surface is made in the form of a slab material installed on a beam-lag and a wedging block, made of polymeric materials, lumber, cement or gypsum building boards; pos. 37 - a spacer, made in the form of a profile (for example, an I-beam or a channel) with welded plates with holes for connection with the IPRS elements and additional IPRS ties, made of metal; pos. 38 - additional IPRS ties are made in the form of an angle with holes for connection with spacers and IPRS elements, made of metal; pos. 39 - a temporary tie is made in the form of a profile with holes for connecting support beams, made of metal; pos. 40 - the ceiling (or roof) is made in the form of a finished building element of the tunnel structure or other extended structure obtained after the TOP work, made of reinforced concrete.

[0024] Implementation of a technical solution

[0025] In the technical solution, the following concepts are understood under the terms used:

[0026] IPRS - prefabricated, hand-assembled, factory-made scaffolding, which is a frame-and-bracing system of supporting metal structures.

[0027] A beam-lag is a TOP element that serves to connect the form-forming surface with a channel-lag.

[0028] Channel-lag is a TOP element that serves to connect beam-lag with crossbars.

[0029] BVO is a TOP vertical formwork block designed for the construction of vertical structures.

[0030] BGO is a TOP horizontal formwork block designed for the construction of horizontal structures.

[0031] TOP is a system consisting of 2 separate blocks: a vertical formwork block (VFB) for erecting vertical structural elements (walls, columns, etc.) and a horizontal formwork block (HFB) for erecting horizontal structures (beams, floors, roofs, etc.)

[0032] The BVO consists of the following elements: minimum 2 suspension beams 1 connected by means of crossbars 2 and diagonal ties 20, 2 crossbars 2 connected to the IPRS elements 11; minimum 2 internal 3 and external 4 stops connected to the suspension beam 1; minimum 1 two-level screw brace 5 for each external stop connected to the suspension beam 1; minimum 2 leveling beams 6 for every 2 formwork panels connected to formwork adjusting screws 8; minimum 2 formwork panels 7 connected to the leveling beam; minimum 2 adjusting screws 8 for one leveling beam 6 connected to internal 3 and external 4 stops; support tables 9 in the amount of at least 1 pc. per 1 pc. of stop 3 or 4 connected by a leveling beam 6; flooring made of sawn timber 10 over the entire area between at least 2 pcs.suspension beams and connected to them; elements of the IPRS 11 in the amount of at least 4 pcs. of posts, diagonal ties and jacks, connected from below to the support beam, and from above to the crossbars; connecting corners 12 which are additional elements for expanding the capabilities of the BVO necessary for fastening at least 2 pcs., interconnected elements of the IPRS 11 in assembly; support beams 13 in the amount of at least 2 pcs. connected to skids 15 and IPRS screws 22; lower connectors 14, which are additional elements for expanding the capabilities of the BVO necessary for connecting at least 2 pcs. of support beams 13 to each other; skids 15 in the amount of at least 2 pcs., connected to 2 pcs. of support beams 13; screw jacks 16 in the amount of at least 1 pc. for 1 internal stop 3 connected to the support of the jack 17 and then to the support beam 13; supports of the jacks 17 in the amount of 1 pc.for 1 screw jack 16, connected to the support beam 13; upper connectors 18, which are additional elements for expanding the capabilities of the BVO necessary for connecting 2 pcs. of suspension beams; fence posts 19 in an amount of at least 4 pcs., with a step of 1 m, connected to the flooring made of lumber 10; and fence railings 26 in an amount of at least 2 pcs. with a step of 1 m, connected to the fence posts 19; diagonal ties 20, in an amount of at least 2 pcs. for 2 suspension beams, connected to each other; hydraulic cylinders 21 in an amount of at least 2 pcs., connected to the skids 15 and connected to the hydraulic station, wherein the number of hydraulic cylinders and their characteristics change depending on the parameters of the structure being erected; and a hydraulic station 23 in an amount of at least 1 pc., connected to hydraulic cylinders 21;.

[0033] The BGO consists of the following elements: beams 2, in the amount of 2 pcs., connected to the IPRS elements 11; IPRS elements 11, in the amount of 1 pc., including at least 4 posts, 8 diagonal ties 12 assembled horizontal ties, connected to the support beam 13 and beams 2; formwork inventory panels 7 (optional), in the amount of 1 pc. per horizontal structure, connected with a nut sleeve 33 and a tie (bolt) 34; support beams 1, in the amount of at least 2 pcs., connected to the IPRS elements 11; runners 15, in the amount of at least 2 pcs., connected to the support beam 13 and hydraulic cylinders 21; IPRS screws 11, in the amount of at least 4 pcs., connected to the support beams 13 and the IPRS elements 11; consoles 27, which are additional elements for expanding the capabilities of the BGO, necessary for strengthening the bearing capacity of the form-forming surface 36, connected to the beams 2; wedging bars 28, in a quantity of at least 4 pcs., along the entire perimeter of the horizontal surface connected between the vertical structure and beams 29 and channel-joists 30; beam-joist 29, in an amount of at least 2 pcs. connected to channel-joist 30; channel-joist 30, in an amount of at least 2 pcs., connected to beam 2; plugs 31, in an amount of at least 4 pcs., disconnecting the form-generating surface 36, connected to beam-joist 29; stiffening ribs 35, which are additional elements for strengthening consoles 27, in an amount of 1 pc., for 1 pc. console 27 connected to beam 2; form-generating surface 36, in an amount equal to the area of ​​the horizontal surface, connected to beam-joist 29; struts 37, which are additional elements for expanding the capabilities of the BGO, necessary for connecting at least 2 pcs. to each other. elements of IPRS 11, in the amount of 2 pcs. per 1 element of IPRS 11, connected to the racks of the elements of IPRS 11; add.connections of the IPRS 38, which are additional elements for expanding the capabilities of the BGO, necessary for strengthening and connecting at least 2 pcs. of the IPRS elements 11 in the amount of at least 2 pcs., connected to the posts of the IPRS elements 11; temporary connections 39, which are additional elements for expanding the capabilities of the BGO necessary for and connecting at least 2 pcs. of support beams 13 in the amount of 1 pc. for 2 pcs. of support beams 13, connected to support beams 13; and a hydraulic station 23, in the amount of 1 pc., connected to hydraulic cylinders 21;.

[0034] TOP is designed for work on the hardened surface of a tunnel foundation or other extended structure.

[0035] TOP is a system consisting of 2 separate blocks. The vertical formwork block (VFB) is used to erect vertical structural elements (walls, columns, etc.). The horizontal formwork block (HFB) is used to erect horizontal structures (beams, floors, roofs, etc.). The scaffolding system is combined into a single structure and moves along the foundation along the tunnel using jacks in a non-disassemblable form.

[0036] Technologically, it is assumed that the BGO moves behind the BVO, sequentially erecting structures.

[0037] The BVO is assembled when the reinforcement cage of the vertical structures has already been assembled. On the surface of the foundation 24, support beams 13 with skids 15 are installed, connected by lower connectors 14. Screws and IPRS elements 11 and 22 are installed on the support beams 13, fastened with a connecting angle 12. Crossbars 2 and suspended beams 1 made of metal I-beams are installed on the IPRS elements 11, the beams are connected by upper connectors 18. and diagonal ties 20. A flooring made of lumber 10 is laid on the suspended beams 1, on which the posts and railings of the fence 19 and 26 are installed. The flooring 10 is made with breaks at the location of the vertical structures. On the suspended beam 1, internal and external formwork stops 3 and 4 are hung, to which the adjusting screws of the formwork 8, leveling beams 6 of the formwork and inventory boards of the formwork 7 are attached; the latter are installed on the support tables 9 of the formwork.Tight pressing of formwork panels 7 to the reinforcement frame is carried out with the help of two-level screw braces 5 suspended from suspension beam 1 and jack supports 17 installed on support beams 13. Adjustment of the position of formwork panels 5 is carried out with formwork adjusting screws 8.

[0038] Concreting is carried out through gaps in the flooring 10 to the entire height of the vertical structure 25. After the concrete has cured and hardened, the formwork is removed by loosening the two-level screw braces 5 and the jack supports 17.

[0039] The BVO is moved to the next work area without disassembling. The assembled BVO moves along the sliding means of the runners 15 along the surface of the foundation 24, which are pushed by hydraulic cylinders 21 connected to the hydraulic station 23.

[0040] To carry out work on the next section of work, it is only necessary to tightly press the formwork panels 7 to the reinforcement frame using two-level screw braces 5 suspended from the suspension beam 1 and jack supports 17 installed on the support beams 13. Adjust the positions of the formwork panels 5 using the adjusting formwork screws 8. Concreting of the structure is carried out as described above for the BVO.

[0041] The BGO is assembled in the space between vertical structures 25. On the hardened surface of the foundation 24, support beams 13 with skids 15 are installed, connected by temporary ties 39 (the element is needed only during the period of BGO assembly and concrete pouring, after which it is dismantled). Screws and IPRS elements 11 and 22 are installed on the support beams, reinforced with spacers 37 and add. connections of the IPRS 37. The beams 2 are installed on the IPRS elements 11, onto which the consoles 27 are hung (if necessary, as determined by the tunnel design, in this case the beam 2 is reinforced with a stiffening rib 35) and the channel-lag 30 with the beam-lag 29 inserted into them are installed. Then, along the perimeter of the abutment to the vertical structures 25, a wedging block 28 is laid in tension with the beam-lag 29 and at the same level with them. A cut is made in the beam-lag 29 and plugs 31 are installed.To the beam-lag 29 and wedging bars 28, close to the vertical structures 25, the form-forming surface 36 is attached and lubricated, making breaks (seams) in the area of ​​the plugs 31. The form-forming surface 36 withstands the weight of freshly laid concrete, the reinforcement cage and the movement of workers. Reinforcement of the horizontal structure 40 is performed. Inventory formwork panels 7 are installed along the perimeter from above. If necessary, clamps 32, nut-bushings 33 and ties (bolts) 34 are additionally installed.

[0042] Concreting is performed to the design height and the area of ​​the horizontal structure limited by the BGO. After the concrete has cured and hardened, the formwork is removed by loosening (unscrewing) the screws IPRS 22, after which the overlying structures, including the form-forming surface 36, are lowered down, and the wedging block falls out. After this, the BGO can be moved to the next section of work. Regardless of the time, the ties (bolts) 34 are unscrewed, the inventory formwork panels 7 are removed, the recesses from the nuts-bushings 33 are sealed with mortar.

[0043] The BGO is moved to the next work area without disassembling. The assembled BGO is moved by means of sliding skids 15 along the surface of the foundation 24, which are pushed by hydraulic cylinders 21 connected to the hydraulic station 23.

[0044] To carry out work on the next section of work, it is only necessary to tighten the screws IPRS 22, raising the overlying structures including the form-forming surface 36 to the design mark of the bottom of the horizontal structure, along the perimeter of the junction with the vertical structures 25, with a thrust from the beam-lag 29 and at the same level with them, lay the wedging block 28, restore the form-forming coating in this place and install the inventory formwork panels 7 along the perimeter from above. And if necessary, additionally install clamps 32, nuts-bushings 33 and ties (bolts) 34. Concreting of the structure is carried out as described above for the BGO.

[0045] The use of mobile formwork for the construction of tunnels or other long structures using the open method (OPM) is implemented during the construction of tunnels at nuclear power plants.

[0046] The use of TOP ensures:

[0047] Savings in budget and construction time are achieved through:

[0048] 1. Significantly reduces the time of use of lifting mechanisms and small mechanization equipment. Due to the lack of need for complete disassembly for work.

[0049] 2. Use of simple standardized and publicly available elements in the TOP design, which can be repaired or foamed at the construction site. 3. Reduction of losses from equipment downtime, due to the replacement of TOP equipment work during installation, dismantling and movement of the entire formwork.

[0050] 4. Reduction of losses from worker downtime due to the use of a continuous construction method.

[0051] 5. Savings on the purchase of various types of formwork when changing the geometry of the structure of walls, ceilings and tunnel coverings thanks to the universal design of TOP.

[0052] 6. Application of the method of moving formwork, significant reduction of time compared to the method of rearranging classic formwork panels.

[0053] TOP can work with panel formwork of any manufacturer, as well as with formwork manufactured on site, and does not require significant changes to the design.

[0054] 1. Save resources spent on open-cast tunnel construction compared to sliding and retractable formwork;

[0055] 2. Reduces financial costs for construction.

[0056] 3. Reduces construction time.

Claims

FORMWORK FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF EXTENDED STRUCTURES, SUCH AS TUNNELS, BY OPEN METHOD Invention formula 1. Formwork for the construction of extended structures, such as tunnels, using an open method, consisting of two blocks: a vertical formwork block (VFB) and a horizontal formwork block (HFB), each of which includes a support beam, where the latter is made in the form of an I-beam, on which jack supports, screw jacks, screws and elements of hand-assembled inventory scaffolding (MAIS) are installed, with at least two crossbars installed on the latter, characterized in that at least two suspended beams are additionally installed on the VFB block, onto which stops with adjusting screws for fastening the formwork panels are hung, while a flooring made of lumber with gaps at the location of the walls being erected is fixed on top of the suspended beams, and at least two channels are installed on the HFB block, logs on which a timber log is laid and a form-forming surface is fixed on top of it, and the formwork is also provided with wedging bars,installed in the gap between the wall being erected and the form-forming surface, and the movement of both blocks to the next section of work is carried out without disassembling them by means of sliding skids, which are designed with the possibility of pushing by at least two hydraulic cylinders connected to a hydraulic power station, while the BGO block follows the BVO block.

2. Formwork according to paragraph 1, characterized in that corners with a hole for fastening to a leveling beam and stops are installed on the adjusting screws for fastening the formwork panels, which ensures the necessary changes in the geometry of the wall, such as slope and thickness, without disassembling the BVO block.

3. Formwork according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the lumber flooring is made in the form of a horizontal deck with breaks at the location of the walls being erected, along which movement and concreting is carried out, moving from wall to wall without descending downwards.

4. Formwork according to paragraph 1, characterized in that each wedging bar is made in the form of a profile with a cross-section representing a rectangular trapezoid, and is intended for installation in the space between the wall and the beam-log for their wedging, which allows the formwork to be pressed tightly against the uneven surface of the wall and the form-forming surface to be lowered without jamming.

5. The formwork according to paragraph 1, characterized in that in order to increase the number of vertical structures being erected to the support beam of both blocks, vertical (BVO) and horizontal (BGO), the formwork is equipped with internal and external formwork stops in a quantity of at least four pieces per one vertical structure with formwork adjusting screws in a quantity of at least two pieces for one side of the formwork panels, formwork support tables in a quantity of at least two pieces per one formwork panel, formwork leveling beams in a quantity of at least one piece per two formwork panels installed on one side, and formwork inventory panels.

6. Formwork according to paragraph 1, characterized in that in order to change the height of the erected walls of the extended structure, the formwork has the ability to change the adjustment of its height using IPRS screws or by building up IPRS elements.

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