Display apparatus

Abstract

A display apparatus. The display apparatus comprises a first substrate (100) and a second substrate (200), which are arranged opposite each other, and a liquid crystal layer (300) arranged between the first substrate (100) and the second substrate (200), wherein the second substrate (200) comprises filter patterns (21) and a shield pattern (22) located between adjacent filter patterns (21), each filter pattern (21) comprising a middle region (211) and an edge region surrounding the middle region (211); and the second substrate (200) comprises a plurality of sub-pixels (500), each of which at least corresponds to an auxiliary structure (1), each auxiliary structure (1) comprising at least one lens, and at least part of the lens overlapping with the orthographic projection of the edge region on a base of the first substrate (100).

Description

Display device

[0001] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the China Patent Office on February 28, 2024, with application number 202410224449.X and invention name “Display Panel and Display Device”, the contents of which should be understood as incorporated into this application by reference. Technical Field

[0002] The present disclosure relates to, but is not limited to, the field of display technology, and particularly to a display device. Background Art

[0003] In recent years, with the diversified expansion of VR (virtual reality) and AR (augmented reality) application fields, the demand for VR and AR products has grown rapidly. The display device of VR and AR products is one of their core hardware. More pixel viewpoints are needed to restore the real scene. The PPI (Pixels Per Inch, pixel density) requirements are getting higher and higher, and the resolution is generally required to be higher than 1500PPI. The higher the PPI requirement of the display device, the smaller the area occupied by a single pixel. As the pixel size decreases, the aperture ratio drops sharply, and the display brightness decreases accordingly, which seriously restricts the improvement and application of AR / VR product display performance. Increasing the aperture ratio and optimizing the light efficiency are crucial for AR / VR display.

[0004] Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) have rapidly developed due to their small size, low power consumption, and zero radiation. They consist of a cell-aligned thin-film transistor (TFT) array substrate and a color filter (CF) substrate. Liquid crystal (LC) molecules are positioned between the array and CF substrates. By controlling the second and first electrodes, an electric field is generated to drive the liquid crystal deflection, achieving grayscale display.

[0005] Summary of the Invention

[0006] The following is a summary of the subject matter described in detail herein. This summary is not intended to limit the scope of the claims.

[0007] On the one hand, the present disclosure provides a display device, comprising a first substrate and a second substrate arranged opposite to each other, and a liquid crystal layer arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate, the second substrate comprising a filter pattern and a light-blocking pattern located between adjacent filter patterns, the filter pattern comprising a middle area and an edge area located around the middle area; the second substrate comprising a plurality of sub-pixels, each of the sub-pixels corresponding to at least one auxiliary structure, each of the auxiliary structures comprising at least one lens, at least part of the lens overlapping with the orthographic projection of the edge area on the base of the first substrate.

[0008] In an exemplary embodiment, the luminous flux of the display device at a normal viewing angle is 1.5×10 6 -2.5×10 6 lumen.

[0009] In an exemplary embodiment, the auxiliary structure is located on the first substrate, and the auxiliary structure includes two lenses arranged at intervals along a base direction parallel to the first substrate and a spacing area arranged between the two lenses. The two lenses protrude in a direction away from the base, and at least part of the two lenses overlaps with the orthographic projection of the edge area on the plane where the display device is located, and the spacing area overlaps with the orthographic projection of the middle area on the plane where the display device is located.

[0010] In an exemplary embodiment, a center line of the spacing region perpendicular to a plane where the display device is located is substantially flush with a center line of the filter pattern perpendicular to the plane where the display device is located.

[0011] In an exemplary embodiment, the first substrate includes an auxiliary structure arranged on the base and a light-shielding structure located on a side of the auxiliary structure away from the base, and the focal points of the two lenses are both located on a side of the light-shielding structure away from the base. The two lenses focus the incident light to form a focusing triangle and illuminate the edge area.

[0012] In an exemplary embodiment, the focusing triangle avoids the light blocking structure.

[0013] In an exemplary embodiment, the shading structure includes a first shading pattern arranged on a side of the auxiliary structure away from the substrate, and a second shading pattern arranged on a side of the first shading pattern away from the substrate, the first shading pattern and the second shading pattern have different widths, and at least part of the first shading pattern and the second shading pattern overlap with the orthographic projection of the edge area on the substrate.

[0014] In an exemplary embodiment, a width of the second light-shielding pattern is greater than a width of the first light-shielding pattern.

[0015] In an exemplary embodiment, a minimum projection distance between a center line of the lens and a corresponding edge of the second light-shielding pattern on the substrate is less than 1 / 4 of a width of the lens.

[0016] In an exemplary embodiment, focal points of the two lenses are both located on the liquid crystal layer.

[0017] In an exemplary embodiment, an orthographic projection of at least a portion of the light shielding structure on the substrate overlaps with an orthographic projection of a corresponding lens on the substrate.

[0018] In an exemplary embodiment, a light-transmitting area is provided between adjacent light-shielding structures, and an orthographic projection of the light-transmitting area on the substrate is located within an orthographic projection of the filter pattern on the substrate.

[0019] In an exemplary embodiment, a light-transmitting region is provided between adjacent light-shielding structures, and an orthographic projection of the light-transmitting region on the substrate includes an orthographic projection of the spacing region on the substrate.

[0020] In an exemplary embodiment, the first substrate further includes an insulating dielectric layer covering the auxiliary structure, the insulating dielectric layer being in contact with the auxiliary structure, a thickness of the insulating dielectric layer being h, a vertical distance between a surface of the insulating dielectric layer away from the substrate and the light-shielding structure being H2, a vertical distance between the light-shielding structure and the light-blocking pattern being H1, a vertical distance between a focal point of the lens and a bottom surface of the lens close to the substrate being f, a width of the lens close to the bottom surface of the substrate being D, a minimum distance between edges of adjacent lenses being L1, a width of the filter pattern being L2, and h, H1, H2, f, D, L1, and L2 satisfying the following formula:

[0021] In an exemplary embodiment, the width of the overlapping area between the focusing triangle and the orthographic projection of the corresponding light shielding structure on the substrate is m, and h, H2, f, D, and m satisfy the following formula:

[0022] In an exemplary embodiment, the width of the overlapping area between the lens and the orthographic projection of the corresponding light shielding structure on the substrate is y, and y, D, and m satisfy the following formula:

[0023] In an exemplary embodiment, the auxiliary structure is arranged on a side of the second substrate away from the first substrate, the lens protrudes toward the second substrate, and the auxiliary structure includes a lens, which overlaps with the orthographic projections of the middle area and edge area of ​​the filter pattern on the plane where the display device is located.

[0024] In an exemplary embodiment, the orthographic projection of the lens on the plane where the display device is located includes the orthographic projection of the filter pattern on the plane where the display device is located.

[0025] In an exemplary embodiment, the first substrate includes a light-shielding structure disposed on a base, a light-transmitting area is disposed between adjacent light-shielding structures, and a vertical distance between the bottom surface of the lens close to the base and the light-blocking pattern satisfies the relationship: W1 / W2=H1' / (H1'+H2');

[0026] Wherein, W1 and W2 are the width of the light-blocking pattern and the width of the light-shielding structure respectively, H1' is the vertical distance between the bottom surface of the lens close to the substrate and the light-blocking pattern, and H2' is the vertical distance between the light-shielding structure and the light-blocking pattern.

[0027] In an exemplary embodiment, the focal length, width, and vault of the lens satisfy the relationship: f' / [f'-(H1'+H2')]=D1' / D2'; D2'=D1'-W2; f'=R' / Δn; and R' 2 =(R'-h') 2 +(D1' / 2) 2 ;

[0028] Wherein, h' is the arch height of the lens, f' is the focal length of the lens, D1' is the width of the lens, D2' is the width of the light-transmitting area formed by the shading structure, R' is the curvature radius of the lens, and Δn is the difference between the refractive index of the lens and the ambient refractive index of the lens.

[0029] In an exemplary embodiment, a peak value of the brightness of the sub-pixel within the light emission viewing angle is located at the center of the sub-pixel.

[0030] In an exemplary embodiment, a peak value of brightness of the sub-pixel within a light emitting viewing angle deviates from a central position of the sub-pixel.

[0031] In an exemplary embodiment, the first substrate includes a light shielding structure disposed on the base, and an offset distance of an optical axis of the lens relative to a central axis of the light shielding structure is in a range of 1 μm to 1.5 μm.

[0032] In an exemplary embodiment, the device further includes a light source disposed on a side of the first substrate away from the second substrate, wherein the light source is configured to emit collimated backlight.

[0033] In an exemplary embodiment, the device further includes a light source disposed on a side of the first substrate away from the second substrate, wherein an emission angle of light emitted by the light source is less than 10 degrees.

[0034] In an exemplary embodiment, the display device is a near-eye display device or a virtual reality display device.

[0035] Still other aspects will become apparent upon reading and understanding the accompanying drawings and detailed description.

[0036] Summary of the Figures

[0037] The accompanying drawings are used to provide an understanding of the technical solution of the present application and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present application, they are used to explain the technical solution of the present application and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solution of the present application.

[0038] FIG1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0039] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of a planar structure of a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0040] FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a planar structure of an array substrate;

[0041] FIG4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0042] FIG5 is a schematic plan view of an auxiliary structure in a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0043] FIG6 is a schematic diagram of an optical path of a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0044] 7 is a graph showing the width of the overlapping area of ​​the orthographic projection of the focusing triangle and the light-shielding pattern on the first substrate and the placement height of the lens in the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0045] FIG8 is a graph showing the focal length of a lens, the placement height of the lens, and the arch height of the lens in a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0046] FIG9 is a graph showing light energy gains of sub-pixels corresponding to different dome heights of a lens in a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0047] FIG10 is a graph showing light energy gains of sub-pixels corresponding to different dome heights of a lens in a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0048] FIG11 shows the angular spectrum of light emission of sub-pixels at different lens heights in a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0049] FIG12 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0050] FIG13 is a schematic diagram of the light collection principle of the display device according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0051] FIG14 is a schematic diagram of light path transmission in a display device according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0052] FIG15 is a schematic diagram showing the dimensions of various parts of the display device according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0053] FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram illustrating the relationship between the dome height and the focal length of a lens under different refractive index differences.

[0054] FIG17 is a schematic diagram of the brightness gain level and light output angle spectrum of the lens obtained by simulation.

[0055] FIG18 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a sub-pixel in a lens translation setting according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0056] FIG19 is a schematic diagram showing viewing angle requirements corresponding to different positions on a display device.

[0057] FIG20 is a schematic diagram of the light output angle spectrum after the lens shown in FIG18 is translated by different distances.

[0058] Details

[0059] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present disclosure clearer, the embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Note that the embodiments can be implemented in a variety of different forms. A person of ordinary skill in the art can easily understand the fact that the methods and contents can be transformed into various forms without departing from the purpose and scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the present disclosure should not be interpreted as being limited to the contents described in the following embodiments. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments in the present disclosure and the features in the embodiments can be arbitrarily combined with each other.

[0060] In the drawings, the sizes of various components, layer thicknesses, or regions may be exaggerated for clarity. Therefore, one embodiment of the present disclosure is not necessarily limited to these dimensions, and the shapes and sizes of the components in the drawings do not reflect true proportions. Furthermore, the drawings schematically illustrate idealized examples, and one embodiment of the present disclosure is not limited to the shapes or numerical values ​​shown in the drawings.

[0061] In this specification, ordinal numbers such as “first”, “second” and “third” are provided to avoid confusion among constituent elements, and are not intended to limit the number.

[0062] In this specification, for convenience, words and phrases indicating orientation or positional relationships, such as "middle," "upper," "lower," "front," "back," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inside," and "outside," are used to illustrate the positional relationships of constituent elements with reference to the accompanying drawings. This is merely for the purpose of facilitating the description of this specification and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting the present disclosure. The positional relationships of constituent elements may be appropriately changed depending on the direction in which each constituent element is described. Therefore, the present disclosure is not limited to the words and phrases described in the specification and may be appropriately replaced according to the circumstances.

[0063] In this specification, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be understood broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, removable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to mechanical connections or connections; they can refer to direct connections, indirect connections through intermediaries, or internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of these terms in this disclosure based on the specific circumstances.

[0064] In this specification, a transistor refers to a device that includes at least three terminals: a gate electrode, a drain electrode, and a source electrode. A transistor has a channel region between a drain electrode (drain electrode terminal, drain region, or drain electrode) and a source electrode (source electrode terminal, source region, or source electrode), and current can flow through the drain electrode, the channel region, and the source electrode. Note that in this specification, the channel region refers to the region through which current primarily flows.

[0065] In this specification, the first electrode can be a drain electrode and the second electrode can be a source electrode, or vice versa. The functions of "source electrode" and "drain electrode" may be interchanged when using transistors with opposite polarity or when the direction of current changes during circuit operation. Therefore, in this specification, "source electrode" and "drain electrode" may be interchanged.

[0066] In this specification, "connected" includes components connected together via an element having some electrical function. There are no particular limitations on the "element having some electrical function" as long as it enables the transfer of electrical signals between the connected components. Examples of "element having some electrical function" include not only electrodes and wiring, but also switching elements such as transistors, resistors, inductors, capacitors, and other components with various functions.

[0067] In this specification, "parallel" refers to a state where the angle formed by two straight lines is greater than -10° and less than 10°, and thus also includes a state where the angle is greater than -5° and less than 5°. Furthermore, "perpendicular" refers to a state where the angle formed by two straight lines is greater than 80° and less than 100°, and thus also includes a state where the angle is greater than 85° and less than 95°.

[0068] In this specification, the terms "film" and "layer" may be interchanged. For example, "conductive layer" may be replaced with "conductive film." Similarly, "insulating film" may be replaced with "insulating layer."

[0069] The term "about" in the present disclosure refers to a numerical value that is not strictly defined and allows for process and measurement errors.

[0070] The present disclosure provides a display device, comprising a first substrate and a second substrate arranged opposite to each other, and a liquid crystal layer arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate, the second substrate comprising a filter pattern and a light-blocking pattern located between adjacent filter patterns, the filter pattern comprising a middle region and an edge region located around the middle region; the second substrate comprising a plurality of sub-pixels, each of the sub-pixels corresponding to at least one auxiliary structure, each of the auxiliary structures comprising at least one lens, at least part of the lens overlapping with the orthographic projection of the edge region on the base of the first substrate.

[0071] The solution of this embodiment is illustrated below through some examples.

[0072] In an exemplary embodiment, the display device of this embodiment may be a near-eye display device or a virtual reality display device.

[0073] Figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 1, the display device may include a first substrate 100 and a second substrate 200 disposed opposite each other, and a liquid crystal layer 300 disposed between the first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200. The first substrate 100 may include a first structural layer 102 disposed on the side of the first base 101 facing the second substrate 200, and the second substrate 200 may include a second structural layer 202 disposed on the side of the second base 201 facing the first substrate 100.

[0074] In an exemplary embodiment, the first substrate 100 may serve as an array substrate, and the first structure layer 102 may include gate lines, data lines, thin film transistors, first electrodes, and second electrodes. The second substrate 200 may serve as a color filter substrate, and the second structure layer 202 may include a filter pattern and a black matrix. The liquid crystal layer 300 may include a plurality of liquid crystal molecules having dielectric anisotropy. In response to an electric field applied between the array substrate and the color filter substrate, the liquid crystal molecules may rotate in a predetermined direction between the array substrate and the color filter substrate, thereby allowing or blocking light transmission.

[0075] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a planar structure of a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 2, the display device may include a plurality of pixel units P arranged in a matrix, at least one of the plurality of pixel units P including a first sub-pixel P1 that emits a first color light, a second sub-pixel P2 that emits a second color light, and a third sub-pixel P3 that emits a third color light.

[0076] In an exemplary embodiment, the first subpixel P1 may be a red subpixel that emits red (R) light, the second subpixel P2 may be a green subpixel that emits green (G) light, and the third subpixel P3 may be a blue subpixel that emits blue (B) light. The subpixels in a pixel unit may be rectangular, diamond, pentagonal, or hexagonal, etc., and the subpixels in a pixel unit may be arranged horizontally, vertically, or in a triangular pattern, which is not limited in this disclosure. In an exemplary embodiment, the subpixel may include four subpixels, which is not limited in this disclosure.

[0077] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a planar structure of an array substrate. As shown in Figure 3, in an exemplary embodiment, the array substrate includes a display area and a frame area. The display area may include multiple gate lines (S1 to Sm) and multiple data lines (D1 to Dn). The multiple gate lines may extend horizontally and are arranged in sequence along the vertical direction. The multiple data lines may extend vertically and are arranged in sequence along the horizontal direction. The multiple intersecting gate lines and data lines define a plurality of regularly arranged sub-pixels Pxij, where i and j may be natural numbers. In an exemplary embodiment, at least one sub-pixel Pxij may include a thin film transistor, a first electrode, and a second electrode. The thin film transistor is respectively connected to the gate line, the data line, and the first electrode.

[0078] In an exemplary embodiment, the array substrate may further include a plurality of common electrode lines (E1 to Eo), which may extend horizontally and be sequentially arranged vertically, and are correspondingly connected to common electrodes in the plurality of sub-pixels Pxij.

[0079] In an exemplary embodiment, a plurality of gate lines are led out to the frame area and connected to a scan driver, a plurality of data lines are led out to the frame area and connected to a data driver, and at least a portion of the scan driver and the data driver may be formed on an array substrate.

[0080] In an exemplary embodiment, an external control device (such as a timing controller) may provide grayscale values ​​and control signals suitable for the specifications of the data driver to the data driver. The data driver may use the received grayscale values ​​and control signals to generate data voltages to be provided to the data signal lines D1, D2, D3, ..., and Dn. For example, the data driver may use a clock signal to sample the grayscale values ​​and apply data voltages corresponding to the grayscale values ​​to the data signal lines D1 to Dn on a pixel row basis, where n may be a natural number. The external control device may provide a clock signal, a scan start signal, etc. suitable for the specifications of the scan driver to the scan driver. The scan driver may use the clock signal, the scan start signal, etc. to generate scan signals to be provided to the scan signal lines S1, S2, S3, ..., and Sm. For example, the scan driver may sequentially provide scan signals having on-level pulses to the scan signal lines S1 to Sm, where m may be a natural number. For example, the scan driver may be configured as a shift register and may generate scan signals by sequentially transmitting the scan start signal provided in the form of an on-level pulse to the next stage circuit under the control of the clock signal.

[0081] Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 4 may be a cross-sectional view taken along the line a-a' in Figure 2. In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figure 4, the display device may include a first substrate 100 and a second substrate 200 disposed opposite each other, and a liquid crystal layer 300 disposed between the first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200. The first substrate 100 may serve as an array substrate, and the second substrate 200 may serve as a color filter substrate. The liquid crystal layer 300 may include a plurality of liquid crystal molecules having dielectric anisotropy.

[0082] In an exemplary embodiment, the first substrate 100 may include a first base 101, an auxiliary structure 1 located on a side of the first base 101 close to the second substrate 200, a first insulating dielectric layer 41 located on a side of the auxiliary structure 1 away from the first base 101, a second insulating dielectric layer 42 arranged on a side of the first insulating dielectric layer 41 away from the first base 101, a first light-shielding pattern 71 arranged on a side of the second insulating dielectric layer 42 away from the first base 101, a third insulating dielectric layer 43 arranged on a side of the first light-shielding pattern 71 away from the first base 101, and a second light-shielding pattern 72 arranged on a side of the third insulating dielectric layer 43 away from the first base 101.

[0083] In an exemplary embodiment, the first light-shielding pattern 71 may include a data line. The second light-shielding pattern 72 may be a metal light-shielding layer, which is generally used for electric field shielding and other light-shielding functions.

[0084] In an exemplary embodiment, the second substrate 200 may include sub-pixels 500 and non-sub-pixel areas. The second substrate 200 may include a second base 201, a filter structure layer 2 located on a side of the second base 201 close to the first substrate 100, and an optical adhesive layer 3 located on a side of the filter structure layer 2 away from the second base 201.

[0085] In an exemplary embodiment, the filter structure layer 2 includes a filter pattern 21 and a light-blocking pattern 22. The filter pattern 21 is a light-emitting region located on a sub-pixel of the second substrate 200. The filter pattern 21 includes a central region 211 and a first edge region 2121 and a second edge region 2122 located on opposite sides of the central region 211 in a direction parallel to the first substrate.

[0086] In an exemplary embodiment, the light-blocking pattern 22 is located between adjacent filter patterns 21. The light-blocking pattern 22 is a non-light-transmitting area located in a non-sub-pixel region of the second substrate 200. For example, the light-blocking pattern 22 may be a black matrix (BM). The light-blocking pattern 22 is provided on opposite sides of the filter pattern 21 in the first direction D1.

[0087] In exemplary embodiments, both the first substrate 101 and the second substrate 201 may be glass substrates.

[0088] In an exemplary embodiment, each sub-pixel 500 on the second substrate 200 is arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with each auxiliary structure 1, and each sub-pixel 500 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the corresponding auxiliary structure 1 on the first substrate 101. For example, the orthographic projection of the auxiliary structure 1 on the first substrate 101 includes the orthographic projection of the corresponding sub-pixel 500 on the first substrate 101. The auxiliary structure 1 is configured to deflect incident light that does not exit toward the sub-pixel 500, directing it toward the edge region of the sub-pixel 500, and transmit light toward the middle region of the sub-pixel 500.

[0089] In an exemplary embodiment, the auxiliary structure 1 is located on the first substrate. The auxiliary structure 1 includes first lenses 51 and second lenses 52 spaced apart and arranged parallel to the first substrate 101, and a spacing region 53 disposed between the first and second lenses 51 and 52. Both the first and second lenses 51 and 52 protrude away from the first substrate 101. The first and second lenses 51 and 52 can deflect light that is not emitted toward the sub-pixels 500 and direct it toward the sub-pixels 500. No lenses are disposed in the spacing region 53; instead, the spacing region 53 transmits light, ensuring that the light is not deflected by the spacing region 53 and directly illuminates the sub-pixels 500.

[0090] The display device of the embodiment of the present disclosure can deflect light that originally cannot reach the sub-pixel 500 to the sub-pixel 500 through the auxiliary structure 1 and emit it, thereby increasing the total amount of light energy passing through the sub-pixel 500 and thereby improving the brightness of the display device at a normal viewing angle.

[0091] In an exemplary embodiment, the luminous flux of the display device of the embodiment of the present disclosure at a normal viewing angle is 1.5×10 6 -2.5×10 6 Lumen (lm) increases the brightness at a normal viewing angle. The luminous angular spectrum of the display device can be tested using a conoscope lens to read the luminous flux at a normal viewing angle.

[0092] Figure 5 is a schematic plan view of an auxiliary structure in a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In exemplary embodiments, as shown in Figures 4 and 5, the first lens 51 and the second lens 52 can both extend along the second direction D2 and be spaced apart along the first direction D1. A spacing region 53 is located between the first lens 51 and the second lens 52. The spacing region 53 extends from the side of the first lens 51 proximal to the second lens 52 in the first direction D1 to the side of the second lens 52 proximal to the first lens 51 in the first direction D1. The first direction D1 and the second direction D2 are both parallel to the first substrate, intersecting the first direction D1 and the second direction D2. For example, the first direction D1 and the second direction D2 are perpendicular to each other.

[0093] In an exemplary embodiment, the orthographic projection of a portion of the first lens 51 on the first substrate 101 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first edge region 2121 of the filter pattern 21 on the first substrate 101, and the orthographic projection of another portion of the first lens 51 on the first substrate 101 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the light-blocking pattern 22 on one side of the filter pattern 21 on the first substrate 101.

[0094] The display device of the embodiment of the present disclosure can deflect the light originally irradiated to the light-blocking pattern 22 to the first edge region 2121 of the filter pattern 21 through the first lens 51, thereby increasing the total amount of light energy passing through the first edge region 2121 and improving the brightness of the first edge region 2121 at a straight viewing angle.

[0095] In an exemplary embodiment, the orthographic projection of a portion of the second lens 52 on the first substrate 101 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the second edge region 2122 of the filter pattern 21 on the first substrate 101, and the orthographic projection of another portion of the second lens 52 on the first substrate 101 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the light-blocking pattern 22 on the other side of the filter pattern 21 on the first substrate 101.

[0096] The display device of the embodiment of the present disclosure can deflect the backlight originally irradiated to the light-blocking pattern 22 to the second edge area 2122 of the filter pattern 21 through the second lens 52, thereby increasing the total amount of light energy passing through the second edge area 2122 and improving the brightness of the second edge area 2122 at a straight viewing angle.

[0097] In an exemplary embodiment, the orthographic projection of the spacing area 53 on the first substrate 101 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the middle area 211 of the filter pattern 21 on the first substrate 101. The light passes through the spacing area 53 without being deflected and directly illuminates the middle area 211 of the filter pattern 21, so that the light passing through the middle area 211 is not scattered, thereby ensuring the brightness of the middle area 211 at a straight viewing angle.

[0098] In an exemplary embodiment, the center line O1 of the spacing region 53 perpendicular to the first substrate 101 is approximately flush with the center line O2 of the filter pattern 21 perpendicular to the first substrate 101, ensuring that the light passing through the middle region 211 is not dispersed, thereby improving the brightness of the display device at a normal viewing angle.

[0099] In an exemplary embodiment, the first lens 51 and the second lens 52 have substantially the same size and dimensions, and are mirror-imaged with the center line O1 of the separation region 53 perpendicular to the first substrate 101 as the axis.

[0100] In an exemplary embodiment, the first insulating dielectric layer 41 covers and contacts the auxiliary structure 1. The first insulating dielectric layer 41 can be made of an organic material and, as a planarization layer, can planarize the auxiliary structure 1. Furthermore, the placement height of the lens can be adjusted by adjusting the thickness of the first insulating dielectric layer 41.

[0101] In an exemplary embodiment, the first light-shielding pattern 71 and the second light-shielding pattern 72 form a light-shielding structure in the first substrate. The first light-shielding pattern 71 and the second light-shielding pattern 72 have different widths (lengths in the first direction D1), for example, the width of the second light-shielding pattern 72 is greater than the width of the first light-shielding pattern 71.

[0102] In an exemplary embodiment, a portion of the second light-shielding pattern 72 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the light-blocking pattern 22 on the first substrate 101, a portion of the second light-shielding pattern 72 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the edge region of the corresponding filter pattern 21 on the first substrate 101, the orthographic projection of the second light-shielding pattern 72 on the first substrate 101 does not overlap with the orthographic projection of the middle region 211 of the filter pattern 21 on the first substrate 101, and the orthographic projection of the second light-shielding pattern 72 on the first substrate 101 does not overlap with the orthographic projection of the spacing region 53 on the first substrate 101.

[0103] In an exemplary embodiment, a first light-transmitting area 61 is provided between adjacent second light-shielding patterns 72, no second light-shielding pattern 72 is provided in the first light-transmitting area 61, the orthographic projection of the first light-transmitting area 61 on the first substrate 101 is located in the orthographic projection of the filter pattern 21 on the first substrate 101, and the orthographic projection of the first light-transmitting area 61 on the first substrate 101 includes the orthographic projection of the middle area 211 of the filter pattern 21 on the first substrate 101.

[0104] In an exemplary embodiment, the orthographic projection of the spacing region 53 on the first substrate 101 is located in the orthographic projection of the first light-transmitting region 61 on the first substrate 101 , thereby ensuring that the backlight passing through the spacing region 53 can be emitted toward the middle region 211 of the filter pattern 21 .

[0105] In an exemplary embodiment, the orthographic projection of a portion of the first lens 51 on the first substrate 101 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first light-transmitting area 61 on the first substrate 101, and the orthographic projection of another portion of the first lens 51 on the first substrate 101 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the second light-shielding pattern 72 on the first substrate 101.

[0106] The display device of the embodiment of the present disclosure can deflect the backlight originally irradiated to the second shading pattern 72 to the first edge area 2121 of the filter pattern 21 through the first lens 51, so that the total amount of light energy passing through the first edge area 2121 is increased, thereby improving the brightness of the first edge area 2121 at a straight viewing angle.

[0107] In an exemplary embodiment, the orthographic projection of a portion of the second lens 52 on the first substrate 101 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first light-transmitting area 61 on the first substrate 101, and the orthographic projection of another portion of the second lens 52 on the first substrate 101 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the second light-shielding pattern 72 on the first substrate 101.

[0108] The display device of the embodiment of the present disclosure can deflect the backlight originally irradiated to the second shading pattern 72 to the second edge area 2122 of the filter pattern 21 through the second lens 52, so that the total amount of light energy passing through the second edge area 2122 is increased, thereby improving the brightness of the second edge area 2122 at a positive viewing angle.

[0109] In an exemplary embodiment, a portion of the first light-shielding pattern 71 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the light-blocking pattern 22 on the first substrate 101, a portion of the first light-shielding pattern 71 overlaps with the orthographic projection of an edge region of the filter pattern 21 on the first substrate 101, the orthographic projection of the first light-shielding pattern 71 on the first substrate 101 does not overlap with the orthographic projection of the middle region 211 of the filter pattern 21 on the first substrate 101, and the orthographic projection of the first light-shielding pattern 71 on the first substrate 101 does not overlap with the orthographic projection of the spacing region 53 on the first substrate 101.

[0110] In an exemplary embodiment, in the third conductive layer, a second light-transmitting area 62 is provided between adjacent first light-shielding patterns 71, the first light-shielding pattern 71 is not provided in the second light-transmitting area 62, the orthographic projection of the second light-transmitting area 62 on the first substrate 101 is located in the orthographic projection of the filter pattern 21 on the first substrate 101, and the orthographic projection of the second light-transmitting area 62 on the first substrate 101 includes the orthographic projection of the middle area 211 of the filter pattern 21 on the first substrate 101, and the width of the second light-transmitting area 62 is greater than the width of the first light-transmitting area 61.

[0111] In an exemplary embodiment, the orthographic projection of the spacing region 53 on the first substrate 101 is located in the orthographic projection of the second light-transmitting region 62 on the first substrate 101 , thereby ensuring that the backlight passing through the spacing region 53 can be emitted toward the middle region 211 of the filter pattern 21 .

[0112] In an exemplary embodiment, the orthographic projection of a portion of the first lens 51 on the first substrate 101 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the second light-transmitting area 62 on the first substrate 101, and the orthographic projection of another portion of the first lens 51 on the first substrate 101 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first light-shielding pattern 71 on the first substrate 101.

[0113] The display device of the embodiment of the present disclosure can deflect the backlight originally irradiated to the first shading pattern 71 to the first edge area 2121 of the filter pattern 21 through the first lens 51, so that the total amount of light energy passing through the first edge area 2121 is increased, thereby improving the brightness of the first edge area 2121 at a straight viewing angle.

[0114] In an exemplary embodiment, the orthographic projection of a portion of the second lens 52 on the first substrate 101 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the second light-transmitting area 62 on the first substrate 101, and the orthographic projection of another portion of the second lens 52 on the first substrate 101 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first light-shielding pattern 71 on the first substrate 101.

[0115] The display device of the embodiment of the present disclosure can deflect the backlight originally irradiated to the first shading pattern 71 to the second edge area 2122 of the filter pattern 21 through the second lens 52, so that the total amount of light energy passing through the second edge area 2122 is increased, thereby improving the brightness of the second edge area 2122 at a positive viewing angle.

[0116] In an exemplary embodiment, the first lens 51 and the second lens 52 both have a focal point n, and the focal point n is located on a side of at least one of the first light-shielding pattern 71 and the second light-shielding pattern 72 away from the first substrate. For example, the focal point n is located on a side of the second light-shielding pattern 72 away from the first substrate, for example, the focal point n is located in the liquid crystal layer 300.

[0117] In an exemplary embodiment, light passing through the first lens 51 and the second lens 52 is focused to form focusing triangles 80 , respectively. Specifically, light passing through the first lens 51 and the second lens 52 is largely concentrated within the focusing triangles 80 . Light from the focusing triangles 80 of the first lens 51 is irradiated onto the first edge region 2121 of the filter pattern 21 , while light from the focusing triangles 80 of the second lens 52 is irradiated onto the second edge region 2122 of the filter pattern 21 . The propagation paths of the focusing triangles 80 of the first lens 51 and the second lens 52 both avoid the first light-shielding pattern 71 and the second light-shielding pattern 72 . Specifically, light from the focusing triangles 80 of the first lens 51 and the second lens 52 is not blocked by the first light-shielding pattern 71 and the second light-shielding pattern 72 and is directly irradiated onto the filter pattern 21 .

[0118] In an exemplary embodiment, the display device of the embodiment of the present disclosure further includes a scattering film 4, which is arranged on a side of the second base 201 away from the first substrate. Scattering particles are arranged in the scattering film 4, which can scatter the light emitted from the second substrate, thereby increasing the viewing angle of the display device.

[0119] In an exemplary embodiment, the display device may further include a backlight unit (BLU) 400 located on a side of the first substrate 100 away from the second substrate 200. The BLU 400 is used to provide backlight for the display device. For example, the BLU 400 may emit collimated backlight toward the first substrate 100.

[0120] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the optical path of a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figure 6, a light-shielding pattern 70 is provided on the first substrate of the display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Light-shielding pattern 70 is located on the side of the auxiliary structure away from the first base. Light-shielding pattern 70 can be a first light-shielding pattern or a second light-shielding pattern.

[0121] The optical path structure of the display device is described below using the second lens as an example.

[0122] In order to ensure that the focusing triangle 80 formed by the second lens 52 avoids the light shielding structure, such as the light shielding pattern 70, and is not blocked by the light shielding structure, the following formula needs to be satisfied:

[0123] Formula 1:

[0124] Formula 2:

[0125] Formula 3:

[0126] The thickness of the first insulating dielectric layer 41 is h, which serves as the placement height of the second lens 52. The vertical distance between the surface of the first insulating dielectric layer 41 away from the substrate and the light-shielding pattern 70 is H2, the vertical distance between the light-shielding pattern 70 and the light-blocking pattern 22 is H1, the vertical distance between the focus n of the second lens 52 and the bottom surface of the second lens 52 close to the first substrate is f, and f serves as the focal length of the second lens 52. The minimum distance between the edge of the second lens 52 and the edge of the first lens 51 is L1, the width of the filter pattern 21 (the length in the first direction D1) is L2, the width of the bottom surface of the second lens 52 close to the first substrate (the length in the first direction D1) is D, the arch height of the second lens 52 is d, the width of the overlapping area of ​​the orthographic projection of the focusing triangle 80 and the light-shielding pattern 70 on the first substrate (the length in the first direction D1) is m, and the width of the overlapping area of ​​the orthographic projection of the second lens 52 and the light-shielding pattern 70 on the first substrate (the length in the first direction D1) is y.

[0127] The display device of the embodiment of the present disclosure can use a lens to deflect the light blocked by the width y of the overlapping area of ​​the lens and the positive projection of the shading pattern 70 on the first substrate to the filter pattern, so that the total amount of light energy passing through the filter pattern is increased, thereby improving the brightness of the display device at the positive viewing angle.

[0128] The display device of the embodiment of the present disclosure uses Formulas 1, 2, and 3 to ensure that the focusing triangle 80 formed after the light is focused by the lens is not blocked by the shading pattern 70 and the light-blocking pattern 22, and ensures that the light that could originally pass through the filter pattern will not be blocked by the shading pattern 70 and the light-blocking pattern 22 due to the interference of the lens.

[0129] Figure 7 is a graph showing the width of the overlapping region between the orthographic projections of the focusing triangle and the light-shielding pattern on the first substrate, and the placement height of the lens in a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The ordinate in Figure 7 represents the width m of the overlapping region between the orthographic projections of the focusing triangle and the light-shielding pattern on the first substrate, the abscissa in Figure 7 represents the placement height h of the lens, Curve 1 represents the width m of the overlapping region between the orthographic projections of the focusing triangle and the light-shielding pattern on the first substrate, and Curve 2 represents the width of the non-overlapping region between the orthographic projections of the lens and the light-shielding pattern on the first substrate. Taking a display device with a pixel density of 2000 PPI as an example, the minimum distance between adjacent sub-pixels is 6 μm, the vertical distance H1 between the light-shielding pattern 70 and the light-blocking pattern 22 is 4.112 μm, the vertical distance H2 between the surface of the first insulating dielectric layer 41 facing away from the substrate and the light-shielding pattern 70 is 2.38 μm, the width of the light-blocking pattern 22 (the length in the first direction D1) is 2 μm, the length of the light-shielding pattern 70 in the first direction D1 is 2.4 μm, the minimum distance L1 between the edge of the second lens 52 and the edge of the first lens 51 is 1 μm, and the length D of the second lens 52 in the first direction D1 near the bottom surface of the first substrate is 2 μm. The calculations using Equations 1, 2, and 3 yield the results shown in FIG7 . The width m of the overlapping region between the focusing triangle and the orthographic projection of the light-shielding pattern on the first substrate decreases as the lens placement height h increases; the width of the non-overlapping region between the lens and the orthographic projection of the light-shielding pattern on the first substrate remains constant as the lens placement height h increases. In this sub-pixel structure, the placement height h is greater than 1.5um, and the width m of the overlapping area of ​​the orthographic projection of the focusing triangle 80 and the shading pattern 70 on the first substrate is smaller than the width of the non-overlapping area of ​​the orthographic projection of the second lens and the shading pattern on the first substrate, thereby achieving a full gain effect.

[0130] FIG8 is a graph showing the focal length, placement height, and arch height of the lens in the display device of the embodiment of the present disclosure. The ordinate on the left side of FIG8 represents the focal length f of the lens, the ordinate on the right side of FIG8 represents the arch height d of the lens, and the abscissa in FIG8 represents the placement height h of the lens. Curve 1 is a graph showing the placement height of the lens versus the focal length of the lens, and Curve 2 is a graph showing the placement height of the lens versus the arch height of the lens. As shown in FIG8 , the greater the placement height h of the lens, the greater the focal length f of the lens; the greater the placement height h of the lens, the smaller the arch height d; the arch height h of the lens in the display device of the embodiment of the present disclosure can be calculated using Formula 4.

[0131] Formula 4:

[0132] The radius of curvature of the second lens 52 is R, the refractive index of the second lens 52 is n1, and the refractive index of the first insulating dielectric layer 41 is n2, where n1 is greater than n2. For example, when the placement height h is 2 μm, the focal length f of the lens is 5.66 μm. According to Formula 4, the arch height d of the lens can be calculated to be 0.42 μm.

[0133] Figure 9 is a graph showing the light energy gain of sub-pixels corresponding to different arch heights of the lens in the display device of the embodiment of the present disclosure. By simulating and testing the light energy gain effect of lenses with different arch heights at different placement heights under ideal collimated backlight, the simulation results shown in Figure 9 can be obtained. The ordinate in Figure 9 is the light energy gain of the sub-pixel, and the abscissa in Figure 9 is the placement height h of the lens. Curve 1 is a curve showing the placement height h of the lens and the light energy gain of the sub-pixel when the arch height d of the lens is 0.32um; Curve 2 is a curve showing the placement height h of the lens and the light energy gain of the sub-pixel when the arch height d of the lens is 0.36um; Curve 3 is a curve showing the placement height h of the lens and the light energy gain of the sub-pixel when the arch height d of the lens is 0.42um; Curve 4 is a curve showing the placement height h of the lens and the light energy gain of the sub-pixel when the arch height d of the lens is 0.51um; Curve 5 is a curve showing the placement height h of the lens and the light energy gain of the sub-pixel when the arch height d of the lens is 0.69um. As shown in FIG9 , the placement height h of the lens is 3 μm, the arch height d of the lens is 0.32 μm, and the light energy gain of the edge area on one side of the sub-pixel is 133.83%.

[0134] Figure 10 is a graph showing the light energy gain of sub-pixels corresponding to different arch heights of the lens in the display device of the embodiment of the present disclosure. By conducting a simulation test on the light energy gain effect of lenses with different arch heights at different placement heights when the light output angle of the outgoing backlight is less than 10°, the simulation results shown in Figure 10 can be obtained. Among them, the vertical axis in Figure 10 is the light energy gain of the sub-pixel, and the horizontal axis in Figure 10 is the placement height h of the lens. Curve 1 is a curve showing the placement height h of the lens and the light energy gain of the sub-pixel when the arch height d of the lens is 0.32um; Curve 2 is a curve showing the placement height h of the lens and the light energy gain of the sub-pixel when the arch height d of the lens is 0.36um; Curve 3 is a curve showing the placement height h of the lens and the light energy gain of the sub-pixel when the arch height d of the lens is 0.42um; Curve 4 is a curve showing the placement height h of the lens and the light energy gain of the sub-pixel when the arch height d of the lens is 0.51um. As shown in FIG10 , the placement height h of the lens is 3.4 μm, the arch height d of the lens is 0.36 μm, and the light energy gain of the edge area on one side of the sub-pixel is 112.81%.

[0135] In an exemplary embodiment, the light source 400 may emit light at an angle less than 10°.

[0136] FIG11 shows the angular emission spectrum of the sub-pixel under different arch heights of the lens in the display device of the embodiment of the present disclosure. In FIG11 , the horizontal axis is the light output angle, the vertical axis is the brightness, Curve 1 is the angular emission spectrum of the sub-pixel under the condition that the arch height d of the lens is 0.32um; Curve 2 is the angular emission spectrum of the sub-pixel under the condition that the arch height d of the lens is 0.36um; Curve 3 is the angular emission spectrum of the sub-pixel under the condition that the arch height d of the lens is 0.42um; Curve 4 is the angular emission spectrum of the sub-pixel under the condition that the arch height d of the lens is 0.51um. As shown in FIG11 , although when the light output angle of the light emitted by the light source is less than 10°, the divergence angle of the light source relative to the collimated backlight increases, and the light energy gain of the sub-pixel decreases to a certain extent, the lens of the present application can still improve the brightness of the sub-pixel at the positive viewing angle.

[0137] The light output angle of the light source in the display device of the embodiment of the present disclosure can be less than 10°, and has good light output efficiency.

[0138] Figure 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view of another display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 12 may be a cross-sectional view taken along the line a-a' in Figure 2. In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in Figure 12, the auxiliary structure 1 of the display device according to this embodiment of the present disclosure is located on the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate. The auxiliary structure 1 is located on the side of the second substrate closest to the light-emitting end of the sub-pixel. The auxiliary structure 1 includes a lens 110 that protrudes toward the second substrate. The lens 110 overlaps with the orthographic projections of the middle and edge regions of the filter pattern 21 on the plane of the display device. For example, the edge of the lens 110 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the light-blocking pattern 22 on the plane of the display device, and the orthographic projection of the middle portion of the lens 110 on the plane of the display device includes the orthographic projection of the filter pattern 21 on the plane of the display device. The lens 110 is used to converge light emitted by the light source 400 to increase the brightness within the display device's light output viewing angle. This deflects light from a wide viewing angle to the sub-pixel's light output viewing angle, such as within the orthographic viewing angle, thereby increasing the brightness of the light entering the eye.

[0139] In an exemplary embodiment, edges of the lenses 110 each overlap with orthographic projections of the corresponding first and second light-shielding patterns 71 and 72 on the first substrate 101 .

[0140] To more clearly illustrate the principle of light collection by the lens, as shown in the optical path diagram in Figure 2, the light emitted by the light source at the focal point forms parallel light after being imaged by the lens. By reverse tracing, it can be known that the light with a 0° viewing angle will have a certain direction after passing through the lens. For example, light A1 comes from light a1, light A2 comes from light a2, light A3 comes from light a3, light A4 comes from light a4, and light A5 comes from light a5. According to the geometric relationship shown in Figure 2, in order to ensure that the setting of the lens can improve the brightness of the light output angle, there is a quantitative relationship between the diameter of the lens and the diameter of the light source. For example, see formula (1). d' / (f'-H0')>D' / f' (1);

[0141] Where D' is the aperture of the lens, d' is the aperture of the light source, f' is the focal length of the lens, and H0' is the distance between the lens and the light source, which determines the placement of the lens.

[0142] As shown in FIG13 , the brightness gain within the light output viewing angle can be calculated using formula (2): γ = D' / d' (2);

[0143] Wherein, γ is the brightness gain within the light output angle of the lens, D' is the aperture of the lens, and d' is the aperture of the light source.

[0144] From formula (1), it can be seen that when the aperture d' of the light source is equal to the aperture D' of the lens, that is, when d'=D', if the above formula is to hold, then H0'=0 and γ=1 can be obtained. In this case, the lens does not play a role in brightness gain.

[0145] As shown in the optical path diagram in Figure 14, light-transmitting regions 62 are provided between adjacent second light-shielding patterns 72. Furthermore, the thickness of the other laminated layers is utilized to provide the placement height of lens 110, such as the distance between the lens and the light source shown in Figure 2, thereby enabling lens 110 to achieve brightness gain. This creates a light path similar to that shown in Figure 2, thereby achieving brightness gain within the display device's light output viewing angle, such as within the normal viewing angle.

[0146] As shown in Figures 12 and 14, the display device optionally further includes a planarization layer 140, which is disposed between the lens 110 and the light-blocking pattern 22. The planarization layer 140 can planarize the lens 110, and the position of the lens 110 can be adjusted by adjusting the thickness of the planarization layer 140.

[0147] As shown in FIG. 12 and FIG. 14 , optionally, the display device further includes a glass layer 192 , and the glass layer 192 is disposed on a surface of the lens 110 away from the first substrate 101 .

[0148] In order for the lens 110 to play a role in brightness gain, as mentioned above, it is necessary to determine the placement height of the lens 110, that is, the thickness of the platform layer 140. In addition, it is also necessary to determine other parameters related to the lens 110, such as the width and arch height of the lens 110. After determining the width and arch height of the lens 110, the basic shape of the lens 110 can be determined.

[0149] As an example, as shown in Figure 15, for a near-eye display system, in order to achieve the requirement of an imaging field of view FOV of 105°, the resolution of the display device must reach at least a PPI of 2000PPI or above. Taking a 2.1-inch display device as an example, when the sub-pixel size is 10μm, the corresponding PPI is approximately 2540, which can meet the requirements of a near-eye display device. In some examples, for a display device using a REAL RGB pixel arrangement, the sub-pixel sizes are 6.6μm and 4.95μm, respectively, in a direction perpendicular to the display device. In order to reduce the risk of cross-color between adjacent sub-pixels, the width of at least one of the light-blocking pattern 22 and the second light-shielding pattern 72 needs to be larger, for example, greater than or equal to 2.8μm. Figure 15 illustrates an example where the width of the second light-shielding pattern 72 is greater than the width of the light-blocking pattern 22. The width of the second light-shielding pattern 72 is set to approximately 2.8 μm. To accommodate the size of the second light-shielding pattern 72 and the combined thickness of the liquid crystal layer 300, filter pattern 21, and optical adhesive layer 3 between the light-blocking pattern 22 and the second light-shielding pattern 72, the width of the light-blocking pattern 22 is set to approximately 1 μm. Based on the principle described in Figure 13 , lens 110 should be positioned as far away from the second substrate as possible to ensure that lens 110 can effectively contribute to brightness gain. To this end, the distance between lens 110 and light-blocking pattern 22, i.e., the thickness of planar layer 140, must be determined.

[0150] As shown in FIG15 , for the lens 110 to function as a brightness gain device, the width of the light-blocking pattern 22, the width of the second light-shielding pattern 72, the distance between the second light-shielding pattern 72 and the light-blocking pattern 22, and the vertical distance between the bottom surface of the lens 110 near the substrate and the light-blocking pattern 22 must satisfy formula (3): W1 / W2=H1' / (H1'+H2') (3);

[0151] Wherein, W1 is the width of the light-blocking pattern 22 , W2 is the width of the second light-shielding pattern 72 , H1′ is the vertical distance between the bottom surface of the lens close to the substrate and the light-blocking pattern, and H2′ is the vertical distance between the second light-shielding pattern 72 and the light-blocking pattern 22 .

[0152] According to formula (3), the vertical distance H1' between the bottom surface of the lens near the substrate and the light-blocking pattern can be calculated, thereby determining the placement of lens 110. For example, the thickness of flat layer 140 can be set equal to H1'. For example, when W1 = 1 μm and W2 = 2.8 μm, H1' can be calculated to be 2.22 μm.

[0153] Next, the arch height of the lens 110 can be calculated using formulas (4) to (7). The width of the lens 110 is set to be less than or equal to the width of the sub-pixel. Here, in order to obtain the maximum light collection size, the width of the lens 110 can be set to be equal to the width of the sub-pixel. f' / [f'-(H1'+H2')]=D1' / D2' (4); D2'=D1'-W2 (5); f'=R' / △n (6); R' 2 =(R'-h') 2 +(D1' / 2) 2 (7);

[0154] Wherein, h' is the arch height of the lens 110, f' is the focal length of the lens 110, D1' is the width of the lens 110, D2' is the width of the light-transmitting area 62 formed by the second light-shielding pattern 72, R' is the curvature radius of the lens 110, and Δn is the difference between the refractive index of the lens 110 and the ambient refractive index of the lens 110.

[0155] Specifically, the width D2' of the light-transmitting region 62 is determined based on the width D1' of the lens 110 and the width W2 of the second light-shielding pattern 72, in combination with formula (5). Furthermore, the focal length f' of the lens 110 is calculated based on the width D1' of the lens 110, the width D2' of the light-transmitting region 62, the vertical distance H1' between the bottom surface of the lens near the substrate and the light-blocking pattern, and the vertical distance H2' between the second light-shielding pattern 72 and the light-blocking pattern 22, in combination with formula (4). Since the focal length f' of the lens 110 is related to the radius of curvature R' and the refractive index difference Δn between the lens 110 and its surroundings, the radius of curvature R' of the lens 110 can be calculated based on formula (6). Furthermore, the arch height h' of the lens 10 is calculated based on the radius of curvature R' of the lens 110, in combination with formula (7). After determining the width D2' and arch height h' of the lens 110, the basic shape of the lens 110 can be determined.

[0156] For example, when H1' = 2.22 μm, the focal length of lens 110, f' = 11 μm, can be calculated according to formulas (4) and (5). According to formulas (6) and (7), when Δn = 0.38, the dome height of lens 110, h' = 1 μm, is calculated. Here, Δn is the difference between the refractive index of lens 110 and the refractive index of the environment surrounding lens 110, that is, the difference between the refractive index of lens 110 and the refractive index of the material of flat layer 140. The larger the refractive index difference Δn, the smaller the required dome height h.

[0157] Figure 16 shows the relationship between the dome height h' and the focal length f' of lens 110 for different refractive index differences Δn. Curve 1, Curve 2, and Curve 3 are the relationship curves between the dome height h' and the focal length f' for the cases of Δn = 1.8-1.3 = 0.5, Δn = 1.8-1.42 = 0.38, and Δn = 1.9-1.3 = 0.6, respectively. It can be seen that, for the same focal length f', the greater the refractive index difference Δn, the smaller the required dome height h'.

[0158] According to the results of theoretical calculation, a simulation model is established, and the simulation results shown in Figure 17 can be obtained. Among them, (a) in Figure 17 shows the relationship between the arch height h' and the brightness gain ratio in the case of brightness gain within 18°. Here, 18° means that the light emitted by the sub-pixel is collected within 18°. It can be seen that the brightness gain ratio of lens 110 is the largest when the arch height h'=1.2μm. Due to the influence of factors such as the spherical aberration of lens 110, there is a difference between the arch height of 1.2μm obtained by simulation and the arch height of 1μm calculated using the above formula to formula (7), but this difference is acceptable. Therefore, the arch height h'=1.2 can be selected as the result used in the final design of lens 110.

[0159] Figure 17(b) shows the angular emission spectra of the sub-pixel for different dome heights h', where the horizontal axis represents the light output angle and the vertical axis represents the brightness. Curves 1, 2, 3, and 4 represent the angular emission spectra of the sub-pixel for the cases where lens 110 is not provided, lens 110 has a dome height of h' = 0.8 μm, lens 110 has a dome height of h' = 1 μm, and lens 110 has a dome height of h' = 1.2 μm, respectively. It can be seen that adding lens 110 to the display device can increase the overall luminous flux within the light output viewing angle by approximately 33.42%.

[0160] As shown above, the lens 110 in the embodiment of the present application can be set in the middle area of ​​the sub-pixel, and the peak brightness of the sub-pixel within the light-emitting viewing angle is located at the center of the sub-pixel, which is equivalent to deflecting the light of the large viewing angle to the positive viewing angle, thereby improving the brightness of the sub-pixel within the light-emitting viewing angle.

[0161] However, in other embodiments, as shown in FIG18 , the lens 110 may also be disposed to deviate from the middle region of the sub-pixel so that the peak brightness of the sub-pixel within the light emitting viewing angle deviates from the center position of the sub-pixel.

[0162] That is to say, the lens 110 can be set in the middle area of ​​the sub-pixel, or it can be set away from the middle area, so that the peak brightness of the sub-pixel within the light output viewing angle deviates from the center position of the sub-pixel, thereby improving the viewing angle of the display device, so that a clear image can still be obtained when observing the display device at different angles.

[0163] In some embodiments, the second light-shielding pattern 72 overlaps with the central axis of the light-blocking pattern 22, and the optical axis of the lens 110 is offset from the central axis of the second light-shielding pattern 72 by a distance in the range of 1 μm to 1.5 μm. Furthermore, optionally, the optical axis of the lens 110 is offset from the central axis of the second light-shielding pattern 72 by a distance in the range of 1.2 μm to 1.4 μm.

[0164] Based on the requirement of a field of view (FOV) of 105°, the light output angle requirement of a 2.1-inch display device is calculated and analyzed. For example, a schematic diagram of the viewing angle requirements corresponding to different positions on the display device is shown in FIG19 , wherein the horizontal axis is the position on the display device, i.e., the image height, and the vertical axis is the angle. Curve 1, Curve 2, and Curve 3 are relationship curves between the positions and angles corresponding to the smaller pupil point ray, the main ray, and the larger pupil point ray, respectively.

[0165] As shown in Figure 19, the desired brightness peak is not at 0°, which is the direction facing the display device, but at a 10° angle to this direction. The positive and negative signs shown in Figure 19 only indicate the direction of the angle, not the size of the angle. Assuming that the light output requirement of the display device is a full width at half-maximum (FWHM) greater than or equal to 8.57°, as shown in Figure 19, since the brightness peak within the light output viewing angle is selected to be shifted from 0° to around 10°, the angle corresponding to the left edge of the display device is 0°, and the angle corresponding to the right edge is -9.17°. Among them, for the left edge position, the angle corresponding to the smaller pupil point light is +8.57°, and the angle corresponding to the larger pupil point light is -8.57°, which needs to meet the light output requirement of FWHM ≥ 8.75°; correspondingly, for the right edge position, the angle corresponding to the smaller pupil point light is -9.17° + 8.57° = -1.84°, and the angle corresponding to the larger pupil point light is -9.17° - 8.57° = -16.73°, which also needs to meet the light output requirement of FWHM ≥ 8.75°.

[0166] Based on the results of theoretical calculations, a simulation model was established, and the simulation results shown in Figure 20 were obtained. Figure 20 shows the light emission angle spectrum after the lens 110 in Figure 18 is translated by different distances, where the horizontal axis is the light emission angle and the vertical axis is the brightness. Curve 1 is the light emission angle spectrum of the sub-pixel when the lens 110 is not offset relative to the center of the sub-pixel. Curves 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 are the light emission angle spectrum of the sub-pixel when the lens 110 is translated relative to the center of the sub-pixel by 0.2μm, 0.4μm, 0.6μm, 0.8μm, 1.0μm, 1.2μm, and 1.4μm, respectively. It can be seen that after the light is collected by lens 110, the angle range corresponding to the FWHM of each curve is ±10.06°, which meets the light emission requirement of the display device mentioned above, that is, FWHM ≥ 8.57°. As shown in FIG. 20 , the brightness peak can be shifted to approximately 10° by translating the lens 110 by approximately 1.4 μm, thereby meeting the viewing angle requirement shown in FIG. 19 .

[0167] The drawings in this disclosure only relate to the structures involved in this disclosure, and other structures may refer to general designs. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of this disclosure, that is, the features in the embodiments, may be combined with each other to obtain new embodiments.

[0168] It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solutions of the present disclosure may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present disclosure, and all should be included in the scope of the claims of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A display device, comprising: a first substrate and a second substrate disposed opposite each other, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first and second substrates; the second substrate comprising a filter pattern and a light-blocking pattern located between adjacent filter patterns; the filter pattern comprising a central region and an edge region located around the central region; the second substrate comprising a plurality of sub-pixels, each sub-pixel corresponding to at least one auxiliary structure, each auxiliary structure comprising at least one lens, at least part of the lens overlapping with an orthographic projection of the edge region onto a base of the first substrate.

2. The display device according to claim 1, wherein The luminous flux of the display device at a positive viewing angle is 1.5×10 6 -2.5×10 6 lumen.

3. The display device according to claim 1, wherein The auxiliary structure is located on the first substrate, and includes two lenses arranged at intervals along a base direction parallel to the first substrate and a spacing area arranged between the two lenses. The two lenses protrude in a direction away from the base, and at least part of the two lenses overlaps with the orthographic projection of the edge area on the plane where the display device is located, and the spacing area overlaps with the orthographic projection of the middle area on the plane where the display device is located.

4. The display device according to claim 3, wherein The center line of the spacing area perpendicular to the plane where the display device is located is substantially flush with the center line of the filter pattern perpendicular to the plane where the display device is located.

5. The display device according to claim 3, wherein The first substrate includes an auxiliary structure arranged on the base and a shading structure located on the side of the auxiliary structure away from the base. The focal points of the two lenses are both located on the side of the shading structure away from the base. The two lenses focus the incident light to form a focusing triangle and irradiate the edge area. The display device according to claim 5 , wherein: The focusing triangle avoids the light shielding structure.

7. The display device according to claim 5, wherein: The shading structure includes a first shading pattern arranged on a side of the auxiliary structure away from the substrate, and a second shading pattern arranged on a side of the first shading pattern away from the substrate. The first shading pattern and the second shading pattern have different widths, and at least part of the first shading pattern and the second shading pattern overlap with the orthographic projection of the edge area on the substrate.

8. The display device according to claim 7, wherein: A width of the second light-shielding pattern is greater than a width of the first light-shielding pattern.

9. The display device according to claim 8, wherein The minimum projection distance between the center line of the lens and the corresponding edge of the second light-shielding pattern on the substrate is less than 1 / 4 of the width of the lens.

10. The display device according to claim 5, wherein The focal points of the two lenses are both located on the liquid crystal layer.

11. The display device according to claim 5, wherein An orthographic projection of at least a portion of the light-shielding structure on the substrate overlaps with an orthographic projection of a corresponding lens on the substrate.

12. The display device according to claim 5, wherein A light-transmitting area is provided between adjacent light-shielding structures, and an orthographic projection of the light-transmitting area on the substrate is located within an orthographic projection of the filter pattern on the substrate.

13. The display device according to claim 5, wherein A light-transmitting area is provided between adjacent light-shielding structures, and an orthographic projection of the light-transmitting area on the substrate includes an orthographic projection of the spacing area on the substrate.

14. The display device according to claim 5, wherein The first substrate further includes an insulating dielectric layer covering the auxiliary structure, the insulating dielectric layer being in contact with the auxiliary structure, the thickness of the insulating dielectric layer being h, the vertical distance between the surface of the insulating dielectric layer away from the substrate and the light-shielding structure being H2, the vertical distance between the light-shielding structure and the light-blocking pattern being H1, the vertical distance between the focal point of the lens and the bottom surface of the lens close to the substrate being f, the width of the lens close to the bottom surface of the substrate being D, the minimum distance between adjacent lens edges being L1, the width of the filter pattern being L2, and h, H1, H2, f, D, L1, and L2 satisfying the following formula:

15. The display device according to claim 14, wherein The width of the overlapping area between the focusing triangle and the orthographic projection of the corresponding light-shielding structure on the substrate is m, and h, H2, f, D, and m satisfy the following formula:

16. The display device according to claim 15, wherein The width of the overlapping area of ​​the lens and the orthographic projection of the corresponding light shielding structure on the substrate is y, and y, D, and m satisfy the following formula:

17. The display device according to claim 1, wherein The auxiliary structure is arranged on a side of the second substrate away from the first substrate. The lens protrudes toward the second substrate. The auxiliary structure includes a lens. The lens overlaps with the orthographic projections of the middle area and edge area of ​​the filter pattern on the plane where the display device is located.

18. The display device according to claim 17, wherein: The orthographic projection of the lens on the plane where the display device is located includes the orthographic projection of the filter pattern on the plane where the display device is located.

19. The display device according to claim 17, wherein: The first substrate includes a light-shielding structure provided on a base, a light-transmitting area is provided between adjacent light-shielding structures, and a vertical distance between the bottom surface of the lens close to the base and the light-blocking pattern satisfies the relationship: W1 / W2=H1' / (H1'+H2'); Wherein, W1 and W2 are the width of the light-blocking pattern and the width of the light-shielding structure respectively, H1' is the vertical distance between the bottom surface of the lens close to the substrate and the light-blocking pattern, and H2' is the vertical distance between the light-shielding structure and the light-blocking pattern.

20. The display device according to claim 19, wherein The focal length, width and arch height of the lens satisfy the relationship: f' / [f'-(H1'+H2')]=D1' / D2'; D2'=D1'-W2; f' = R' / Δn; and, R’ 2 =(R’-h’) 2 +(D1’ / 2) 2 ; Wherein, h' is the arch height of the lens, f' is the focal length of the lens, D1' is the width of the lens, D2' is the width of the light-transmitting area formed by the shading structure, R' is the curvature radius of the lens, and Δn is the difference between the refractive index of the lens and the ambient refractive index of the lens.

21. The display device according to any one of claims 17 to 20, wherein: The peak value of the brightness of the sub-pixel within the light emission viewing angle is located at the center position of the sub-pixel.

22. The display device according to any one of claims 17 to 20, wherein: The peak value of the brightness of the sub-pixel within the light emission viewing angle deviates from the center position of the sub-pixel.

23. The display device according to claim 22, wherein: The first substrate includes a light shielding structure provided on the base, and an offset distance of an optical axis of the lens relative to a central axis of the light shielding structure is within a range of 1 μm-1.5 μm. 24 . The display device according to claim 1 , further comprising a light source disposed on a side of the first substrate away from the second substrate, the light source being configured to emit collimated backlight.

25. The display device according to any one of claims 1 to 23, wherein: It also includes a light source arranged on a side of the first substrate away from the second substrate, and the light output angle of the light source is less than 10 degrees.

26. The display device according to any one of claims 1 to 23, wherein: The display device is a near-eye display device or a virtual reality display device.

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