Systems and methods for electro-fuel synthesis

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a system and method for electro-fuel synthesis by coupling renewable energy and Carnot battery with Solid-Oxide Electrolyser Cell (SOEC) and Direct Air Capture (DAC) arrangement. The system provides an end-to-end solution for electrofuels synthesis with round-the-clock available renewable energy using Carnot battery that provides 5 both heat and power to run an SOEC. The heat from the Carnot battery is also used by the DAC arrangement to capture carbon dioxide from air. SOEC and DAC together facilitate in producing syngas using one of the two possible ways, i.e., regular electrolysis followed by reaction of H2 with CO2, or co-electrolysis. Further, the syngas is used for electro-fuel synthesis, for example, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, or methanol synthesis followed by 0 Methanol-To-Gasoline (MTG) synthesis. Electro-fuels may also be produced by direct reaction of carbon dioxide from DAC and green hydrogen from SOEC. The heat from either of the pathways is recycled back to the system.

Description

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR ELECTRO-FUEL SYNTHESISTECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of electro-fuel synthesis. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to a system and a method for electro-fuel synthesis by coupling renewable energy and Carnot batteries with Solid-Oxide Electrolyser Cells (SOEC) and Direct Air Capture (DAC).BACKGROUND

[0002] The following description of related art is intended to provide background information pertaining to the field of the disclosure. This section may include certain aspects of the art that may be related to various features of the present disclosure. However, it should be appreciated that this section be used only to enhance the understanding of the reader with respect to the present disclosure, and not as admissions of prior art.

[0003] Historically, hydrocarbons have been predominantly derived from fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, which are finite and non-renewable resources. However, the environmental concerns associated with extraction and combustion of these fossil fuels, including greenhouse gas emissions and climate change have spurred significant interest in developing alternative and sustainable methods for hydrocarbon production. A promising approach is the utilization of renewable resources, such as green hydrogen (H2) and captured carbon dioxide (CO2). to synthesize hydrocarbons through environmentally-friendly processes.

[0004] Green hydrogen is produced by electrolysis of water using renewable energy. There are many challenges with the large-scale production of green hydrogen. Renewables such as solar and wind are intermittent, therefore, hydrogen production, when directly coupled with these renewables, is limited to a few hours per day. Round-the-clock renewables such as hydropower are limited by geography. Further, most commonly used electrolysers, alkaline and proton exchange membrane electrolysers, have modest efficiencies (e.g., 55 - 65 %). When coupled directly with intermittent renewables, these electrolysers can only function for a few hours per day and thus need to be oversized by two-three times. Furthermore, to utilize green hydrogen for production of hydrocarbons, a reactor / refinery is required, along with carbon dioxide. These reactors are usually designed to run at all times. So, when hydrogen production is coupled with intermittent renewables, either the reactors have to be oversized and designed to run intermittently, or hydrogen has to be stored for long hours which is veryexpensive and inconvenient. Therefore, the green hydrogen synthesis suffers from limitations imposed by intermittency of renewable energy availability and lack of widespread round-the- clock renewable energy, low-efficiency of commonly used electrolysers, and high costs associated with storage.

[0005] Further, for hydrocarbon synthesis using green hydrogen, high-purity CO2 is required as well. This may be extracted from industrial off-gases, but these are not always available at the site of green hydrogen synthesis. Further, CO2 extraction from industrial off-gases may require significant energy.

[0006] Finally, the reaction of green hydrogen with CO2 to produce electro-fuels is usually a highly exothermic process and the process heat can be utilized for other processes.

[0007] For instance, the Patent document JP7241995B1 describes a methane production system, where Solid-Oxide Electrolyser Cell (SOEC) is coupled with a methane reactor to produce methane and recycle the heat, wherein the system is not integrated with renewable energy or Direct Air Capture (DAC).

[0008] Another Patent document JP2023095127A describes a recycling system, where coelectrolysis SOEC is coupled with a reactor that converts syngas into methanol, ethanol, and other hydrocarbons. Heat and CO2 produced during hydrocarbon synthesis are recycled to the SOEC. However, the system requires an external heat source and CO2 source, which have not been addressed as well as the system is not integrated with renewable energy or DAC.

[0009] Another Patent document CN116544467A describes a method of a hydrogen energy type Carnot battery system, wherein the Carnot battery uses hydrogen gas to store energy. However, using hydrogen gas storage is expensive and hazardous, and the system is not related to DAC or CO2. Further, the system does not address the issue of non-availability of renewable energy.

[0010] Another Patent document CN115652324A describes a combined cooling, heating and power and hydrogen supply system based on comprehensive utilization of Carnot cells, wherein the system balances renewable energy using a Carnot battery with phase-change materials. However, there is no downstream utilization of hydrogen for any hydrocarbon or syngas synthesis, no connection to DAC, and does not address the problem of low-efficiency hydrogen synthesis.

[0011] Non-Patent literature: Carbon dioxide direct air capture for effective climate change mitigation based on renewable electricity: a new type of energy system sector coupling by Christian Breyer, Mahdi Fasihi, Arman Aghahosseini discloses a system primarily meant for DAC using renewable energy. The renewable energy may be balanced using thermal energystorage. However, it has no connection with green hydrogen generation and its downstream use in any way.

[0012] There is, therefore, a need to overcome at least the above-mentioned drawbacks, limitations, and shortcomings, and provide an efficient solution for electro-fuel synthesis.OBJECTS OF THE PRESENT DISCLOSURE

[0013] Some of the objects of the present disclosure, which at least one embodiment herein satisfies are as listed herein below.

[0014] An object of the present disclosure is to provide a system for electro-fuel synthesis by coupling renewable energy and Carnot batteries with Solid-Oxide Electrolyser Cells (SOEC) and Direct Air Capture (DAC).

[0015] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a method for electro-fuel synthesis.

[0016] Further another object of the present disclosure is to combine renewable energy with Carnot batteries to provide round-the-clock power and heat to run the SOEC at a high efficiency of more than 90% (up to 100%).

[0017] Still another object of the present disclosure is to use round-the-clock power and heat for DAC to provide carbon dioxide which, along with green hydrogen, can be converted to electrofuels directly, or to produce synthesis gas or syngas which can then be used to produce electrofuels.

[0018] Another object of the present disclosure is to use SOEC in co-electrolysis mode by using steam and power from Carnot Battery and CO2 from DAC to produce syngas.

[0019] Still another object of the present disclosure is to use the green hydrogen from SOEC and CO2 from DAC to produce syngas or electrofuels directly.

[0020] Yet another object of the present disclosure is to convert the syngas into electro-fuels and recycle the process heat to increase the energy efficiency of the system.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0021] This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in Detailed Description section. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.

[0022] An aspect of the present disclosure is to provide a system (100) for electro-fuel synthesis comprising: a Carnot battery (104) linked with renewable energy sources (102); asolid-oxide electrolyser cell (SOEC) (106) coupled to the Carnot battery (104) for producing hydrogen; and a direct air capture (DAC) arrangement (108) coupled to the Carnot battery (104) for providing carbon dioxide, wherein the electrofuel is produced by a reactor from syngas or directly from H2and CO2.

[0023] Another aspect of the present disclosure is to provide a method for electro-fuel synthesis comprising: receiving renewable power supply from one or more intermittent renewable sources (102) to a Carnot battery (104); producing and providing continuous heat and power output by Carnot battery (104) to SOEC (106) and DAC arrangement (108); producing a hydrogen from SOEC (106); providing a carbon dioxide from DAC arrangement (108); and combining the hydrogen from SOEC (106) and carbon dioxide from DAC arrangement (108) to produce a syngas or direct electro-fuels synthesis.

[0024] Various objects, features, aspects and advantages of the inventive subject matter will become more apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments, along with the accompanying drawing figures in which like numerals represent like components.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein, and constitute a part of this invention, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the disclosed methods and systems in which like reference numerals refer to the same parts throughout the different drawings. Components in the drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon clearly illustrating the principles of the present invention. Some drawings may indicate the components using block diagrams and may not represent the internal circuitry of each component. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that invention of such drawings includes the invention of electrical components, electronic components or circuitry commonly used to implement such components.

[0026] FIG. 1 illustrates an example representation of a present system for producing synthesis gas, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0027] FIG. 2 illustrates an example flow diagram for electro-fuel synthesis by coupling Carnot batteries with Solid-Oxide Electrolyser Cells (SOEC) and Direct Air Capture (DAC), in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0028] FIG. 3 (A and B) illustrates an example representation of performance by implementing the system for electro-fuel synthesis during the charge and discharge phases of Carnot Battery, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following is a detailed description of embodiments of the disclosure depicted in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments are in such detail as to clearly communicate the disclosure. However, the amount of detail offered is not intended to limit the anticipated variations of embodiments; on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims.

[0030] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that embodiments of the present invention may be practiced without some of these specific details.

[0031] If the specification states a component or feature “may,” “can,” “could,” or “might” be included or have a characteristic, that particular component or feature is not required to be included or have the characteristic.

[0032] As used in the description herein and throughout the claims that follow, the meaning of “a,” “an,” and “the” includes plural reference unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Also, as used in the description herein, the meaning of “in” includes “in” and “on” unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

[0033] The use of “including,” “comprising,” or “having” and variations thereof herein is meant to encompass the items listed thereafter and equivalents thereof as well as additional items. The terms “a” and “an” herein do not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather denote the presence of at least one of the referenced items. Further, the use of terms “first,” “second,” and “third,” and the like, herein do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather are used to distinguish one element from another.

[0034] Moreover, in interpreting the specification, all terms should be interpreted in the broadest possible manner consistent with the context. In particular, the terms “comprises” and “comprising” should be interpreted as referring to elements, components, or steps in a nonexclusive manner, indicating that the referenced elements, components, or steps may be present, or utilized, or combined with other elements, components, or steps that are not expressly referenced. Where the specification claims refer to at least one of something selected from the group consisting of A, B, C . . . .and N, the text should be interpreted as requiring only one element from the group, not A plus N, or B plus N, etc.

[0035] The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”) provided with respect to certain embodiments herein is intended merely to better illuminate theinvention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention otherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element essential to the practice of the invention.

[0036] Groupings of alternative elements or embodiments of the invention disclosed herein are not to be construed as limitations. Each group member can be referred to and claimed individually or in any combination with other members of the group or other elements found herein. One or more members of a group can be included in, or deleted from, a group for reasons of convenience and / or patentability. When any such inclusion or deletion occurs, the specification is herein deemed to contain the group as modified thus fulfilling the written description of all groups used in the appended claims.

[0037] The present disclosure relate to a system and a method for electro-fuel synthesis by coupling renewable energy and Carnot batteries with Solid-Oxide Electrolyser Cells (SOEC) and Direct Air Capture (DAC).

[0038] An embodiment of the present disclosure is to provide a system (100) for electrofuel synthesis comprising: a Carnot battery (104) linked with renewable energy sources (102); a solid-oxide electrolyser cell (SOEC) (106) coupled to the Carnot battery (104) for producing hydrogen; and a direct air capture (DAC) arrangement (108) coupled to the Carnot battery (104) for providing carbon dioxide, wherein the electrofuel is produced by a reactor from syngas or directly from H2and CO2.

[0039] In an embodiment, the Carnot battery (104) receives renewable power supply from one or more intermittent renewable energy sources (102).

[0040] In an embodiment, the Carnot battery (104) stores electricity in the form of thermal energy using processes such as but not limited to thermal energy storage, pumped thermal energy storage, and liquid air energy storage or combination thereof during the charging cycle.

[0041] In an embodiment, the stored thermal energy is converted back to power using a heat engine (with a round-trip efficiency of 60-70%) during the discharge cycle and the usable heat is also available during the discharge cycle, providing both dispatchable power and heat for a long duration, with the total efficiency of the Carnot battery (combined power and heat) more than 90% (up to 100%).

[0042] In an embodiment, the Carnot battery (104) produces and provides continuous heat and power output to SOEC (106) and DAC arrangement (108).

[0043] In an embodiment, the DAC arrangement (108) further provides the carbon dioxide to the SOEC (106).

[0044] In an embodiment, the SOEC (106) uses steam and power from the Carnot battery (104) and carbon dioxide from the DAC arrangement (108) to directly produce syngas using co-electrolysis.

[0045] Another embodiment of the present disclosure is to provide a method for electro-fuel synthesis comprising: receiving renewable power supply from one or more intermittent renewable sources (102) to a Carnot battery (104); producing and providing continuous heat and power output by Carnot battery (104) to SOEC (106) and DAC arrangement (108); producing a hydrogen from SOEC (106); providing a carbon dioxide from DAC arrangement (108); and combining the hydrogen from SOEC (106) and carbon dioxide from DAC arrangement (108) to produce a syngas or direct electro-fuels synthesis.

[0046] In an embodiment, the syngas is converted to e-fuels by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process.

[0047] In an embodiment, the syngas is converted to e-fuels using methanol synthesis followed by Methanol-To-Gasoline (MTG) process.

[0048] In an embodiment, the process heat from e-fuel synthesis is recycled back to the system (such as by steam storage) to increase the overall efficiency of the system to 100%.

[0049] Various embodiments of the present disclosure will be explained in detail with reference to FIGs. 1-3.

[0050] FIG. 1 illustrates an example representation of a system 100 for producing synthesis gas, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0051] Referring to FIG. 1, the present system (100) includes a Carnot battery (104), a SOEC (106) coupled to the Carnot battery (104), and a DAC arrangement (108) coupled to the Carnot battery (104). In some embodiments, the Carnot battery (104) receives renewable power supply from one or more intermittent renewable sources (102). In some embodiments, the one or more intermittent renewable sources (102) may include, but not limited to, solar and wind. Therefore, the Carnot battery (104) eliminates the problem of intermittency of renewables.

[0052] In some embodiments, the Carnot battery (104) may store electricity during the charging cycle in the form of thermal energy using various processes such as but not limited to, thermal energy storage, pumped thermal energy storage, and liquid air energy storage. The stored thermal energy is converted back to power using a heat engine (e.g., Brayton cycle, Rankine cycle, etc.) during the discharge cycle. Residual thermal energy or heat is also available from this process, thus providing both dispatchable power and heat for a long duration. The Carnot battery (104) may provide continuous heat and power to the SOEC(106) and the DAC arrangement (108). In some embodiments, the heat and power provided by the Carnot battery (104) may be used to run the SOEC (106) with >90% efficiency (up to 100%), as compared to conventional approaches. For example, the SOEC (106) may produce hydrogen with high efficiency. Due to the high efficiency of the SOEC (106), the remaining heat energy is utilized by the DAC arrangement (108) to capture carbon dioxide from the ambient air. In some embodiments, carbon dioxide may be obtained from industrial off gases, when available.

[0053] In some embodiments, the DAC arrangement (108) may provide the carbon dioxide which may be converted to synthesis gas or syngas. In some embodiments, the carbon dioxide from the DAC arrangement (108) may be provided to the SOEC (106). The SOEC (106), by way of co-electrolysis, may use steam and power from the Carnot battery (104) and carbon dioxide from the DAC arrangement (108) to directly produce syngas. In some other embodiments, the carbon dioxide from the DAC arrangement (108) and the hydrogen from the SOEC (106) may be used to produce electrofuels directly or via syngas.

[0054] FIG. 2 illustrates an example flow diagram for electro-fuel synthesis by coupling Carnot batteries SOEC and DAC, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0055] Referring to FIG. 2, at step (202), a Carnot battery (e.g., 104) may receive renewable power supply from one or more intermittent renewable sources (e.g., 102) such as, but not limited to, solar and wind. Further, at step (204), the Carnot battery (104) may produce and provide continuous heat and power output to SOEC (e.g., 106) and DAC arrangement (e.g., 108). In some embodiments, the Carnot battery (104) may store electrical energy in the form of heat energy during a charging cycle. During the discharge cycle, the heat may be converted back to electricity, for example, at an efficiency of 60-70%. In some embodiments, the remaining heat may be used for other purposes within the scope of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the total efficiency (combined power and heat) of the Carnot battery (104) may be 100%.

[0056] Further, at step (206), the SOEC (106) may produce hydrogen. In some embodiments, the SOEC (106) may be powered through continuous heat and power received from the Carnot battery (104). It may be appreciated that the SOECs (e.g., 106) work with high temperature, have high efficiency, and utilize both heat and power from the Carnot battery (104) to operate continuously without a need to oversize the electrolysers. Due to high efficiency, the capacity of SOECs required to produce the same amount of hydrogen as compared to other electrolysers such as, alkaline and proton exchange membrane electrolysers, is at least 30% less.

[0057] Referring to FIG. 2, at step (208), the DAC arrangement (108) may provide carbon. In some embodiments, the DAC arrangement (108) may be powered through surplus heat generated by the Carnot battery (104). For example, the residual heat from the Carnot battery (104) may be used by the DAC arrangement (106) to produce syngas. It may be appreciated that the entire system, as depicted, may be placed anywhere and function as a complete unit for production of renewable hydrocarbons without the need for any outside ingredient.

[0058] In some embodiments, at step (210), the SOEC (106) may operate in a coelectrolysis mode, to produce syngas and oxygen. For example, the carbon dioxide from the DAC arrangement (108) may be used by the SOEC (106) to generate syngas.

[0059] Therefore, the entire system may produce syngas either directly based on the carbon oxide produced by the DAC arrangement (108) and the hydrogen produced by the SOEC (106) or by the SOEC (106) using the carbon oxide from the DAC arrangement (108) by way of co-electrolysis.

[0060] As depicted in FIG. 2, at step (212), syngas may be produced, as discussed herein. Further, at step (214), the syngas or green hydrocarbon thus produced may be converted to electro-fuels (e-fuels), for example, methanol using a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process. A person of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process may refer to a collection of chemical reactions that convert the syngas into liquid hydrocarbons. In some other embodiments, at step (216), the syngas thus produced may be converted to e-fuels using methanol synthesis followed by Methanol-To-Gasoline (MTG) process. A person of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the methanol synthesis process may refer to methanol production from the syngas. Further, a person of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the MTG process may refer to a sustainable process for producing gasoline-range hydrocarbon biofuels. In some embodiments, syngas may be converted to e-fuels such as DME (dimethyl ether) using DME synthesis pathway. Further, in some embodiments, the CO2 produced by DAC arrangement (108) or scrubbing and hydrogen produced by SOEC (106) may be reacted directly to produce methanol or Fischer- Tropsch fuels without an intermediary step involving syngas. A person of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that other synthesis processes may be implemented within the scope of the present disclosure. The waste heat from these processes may be recycled to the system, increasing the total energy efficiency to 100%.

[0061] As an example, Table 1 below provides a comparison of the present system / process with other existing solutions for energy supply and electrolysis.

[0062] Table 1: Comparison of the present invention with existing solutions (LDES - Long-duration energy storage).

[0063] Therefore, the present disclosure describes an end-to-end solution for round-the-clock available renewable energy using Carnot battery that provides both heat and power to run an SOEC. The heat from the Carnot battery is also used to capture carbon dioxide from air (DAC arrangement). SOEC and DAC together facilitate in producing syngas using one of the two possible ways, i.e., regular electrolysis or co-electrolysis. Further, the syngas is then used for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis for e-fuel production or for methanol synthesis followed by MTG pathway for e-fuels. The heat from either of the pathways is integrated with the Carnot battery. The CO2 from DAC and green hydrogen from SOEC may be used to produce electrofuels directly as well, without an intervening step involving syngas.

[0064] FIG. 3a & 3b illustrates an example representation (300) of the system for electro-fuel synthesis using methanol as an example of electrofuels, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure during charge and discharge cycles of the Carnot battery. During the availability of renewable energy (Fig. 3a), the system may work by using power directly from renewables and heat from heat / steam storage (where heat from Carnot battery and e-fuel synthesis has been stored). The Carnot batteries may be charged during this time. During non-availability of renewable energy (Fig. 3b), the Carnot batteries are in discharge mode producing power and heat that are supplied to the system along with process heat from e-fuel synthesis.

[0065] Therefore, the present disclosure provides an efficient solution for problems associated with existing solutions such as, but not limited to, non-availability of renewable energy round-the-clock, low efficiency of electrolysers, lack of CO2 for downstream syngas / hydrocarbon generation, and efficient reuse / integration of process heat from hydrocarbon synthesis.

[0066] While the foregoing describes various embodiments of the invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof. The scope of the invention is determined by the claims that follow. The invention is not limited to the described embodiments, versions or examples, which are included to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make and use the invention when combined with information and knowledge available to the person having ordinary skill in the art.ADVANTAGES OF THE PRESENT DISCLOSURE

[0067] The present disclosure utilizes Carnot batteries to eliminate the issue of intermittency of renewables.

[0068] The present disclosure utilizes Carnot batteries that provide both power and heat to run a Solid-Oxide Electrolyser Cell (SOEC) with high efficiency.

[0069] The present disclosure utilizes Direct Air Capture (DAC) systems to capture carbon dioxide from the ambient air.

[0070] The present disclosure provides recycling and storing of the process heat released during the downstream processes to increase the total efficiency of the process.

[0071] The present disclosure provides SOECs with very high efficiency that can utilize heat and power from Carnot batteries to operate round-the-clock without the need to oversize the electrolysers.

[0072] The present disclosure allows the whole system to be situated anywhere and function as a complete unit for production of renewable hydrocarbons without the need for any outside ingredient.

Claims

I Claim:

1. A system (100) for electro-fuel synthesis comprising: a Carnot battery (104) linked with renewable energy sources (102); a solid-oxide electrolyser cell (SOEC) (106) coupled to the Carnot battery (104) for producing hydrogen; and a direct air capture (DAC) arrangement (108) coupled to the Carnot battery (104) for providing carbon dioxide, wherein the electrofuel is produced by a reactor from syngas or directly from H2and CO2.

2. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Carnot battery (104) receives renewable power supply from one or more intermittent renewable sources (102).

3. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Carnot battery (104) stores electricity in the form of thermal energy using processes such as but not limited to thermal energy storage, pumped thermal energy storage, and liquid air energy storage or a combination thereof during the charging cycle.

4. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stored thermal energy is converted back to power using a heat engine (with a round-trip efficiency of 60-70%) during the discharge cycle and the usable heat is also available during the discharge cycle, providing both dispatchable power and heat for a long duration, with the total efficiency of the Carnot battery (combined power and heat) more than 90%.

5. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Carnot battery (104) produces and provides continuous heat and power output to SOEC (106) and DAC arrangement (108).

6. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the DAC arrangement (108) further provides the carbon dioxide to the SOEC (106).

7. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the SOEC (106) uses steam and power from the Carnot battery (104) and carbon dioxide from the DAC arrangement (108) to directly produce syngas using co-electrolysis.

8. A method for electro-fuel synthesis comprising: receiving renewable power supply from one or more intermittent renewable sources (102) to a Carnot battery (104); producing and providing continuous heat and power output by Carnot battery (104) to SOEC (106) and DAC arrangement (108); producing a hydrogen from SOEC (106); providing a carbon dioxide from DAC arrangement (108); and combining the hydrogen from SOEC (106) and carbon dioxide from DAC arrangement (108) to produce a syngas or direct electro-fuels synthesis.

9. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the syngas is converted to e-fuels by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis process.

10. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the syngas is converted to e-fuels using methanol synthesis followed by Methanol-To-Gasoline (MTG) process.

11. The method as claimed in claim 8, where the process heat from e-fuel synthesis is recycled back to the system (such as by steam storage) to increase the overall efficiency of the system to 100%.

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