Method for producing organic fertilizer from by-products of production animal slaughter

Abstract

The invention relates to the production of organic fertilizers and can be used for producing organic fertilizers for application to leaves or roots. The present method for producing organic fertilizers includes carrying out two-step hydrolysis of a raw material (blood from production animals), first with endocrine glands obtained during slaughter and then with organic acids, under constant agitation, inactivating the enzymatic hydrolysis process and cooling the mixture.

Description

[0001] Method for obtaining organic fertilizer from products of slaughter of productive animals

[0002] Field of technology

[0003] The invention relates to the field of production of organic fertilizers and can be used for the production of organic fertilizers for foliar and root application from the products of slaughter of productive animals.

[0004] State of the art

[0005] Along with the rapid economic development, people's living standards are improving day by day, and society depends greatly on the existence of food, production safety and quality. Organic food is an urgent issue in agricultural production to meet the market demand, and in this regard, the demand for new type fertilizers related to their production is also increasing [CN103058749B].

[0006] In 2023, the Government of the Russian Federation adopted the Strategy for the Development of Organic Production until 2030, which once again demonstrates the relevance of organic agriculture and, accordingly, the use of organic fertilizers.

[0007] Therefore, the direction of processing natural raw materials for obtaining biologically active complexes has been developing very actively lately. Peptide-containing animal raw materials (waste from processing animal raw materials, animal blood) are used as natural raw materials [RU2221456C1],

[0008] A method for producing organic fertilizers [FR2448297] from keratin-containing raw materials obtained from the slaughter of productive animals is known. The main disadvantage of this method is the use of sulfuric acid for hydrolysis, which requires increased safety precautions when using it.

[0009] A method for obtaining a protein concentrate from keratin-containing raw materials obtained during poultry slaughter is also known, with a wide range of applications [RU2345549],

[0010] A method for obtaining a protein stimulator for plant growth and development from collagen-containing raw materials (split hides) obtained from slaughtering cattle is also known [RU2533037]. The main disadvantage of this method is the use of hydrochloric acid, which requires increased safety measures, at two stages: for the preliminary processing of raw materials and at the second stage of hydrolysis.

[0011] In addition, the use of inorganic acids in the process of obtaining fertilizers requires their subsequent neutralization, and in case of violations of the technological process, this may lead to the fact that the resulting fertilizers will not be suitable for organic agriculture. Thus, there remains a need to develop new effective methods for obtaining organic fertilizers from natural raw materials of animal origin.

[0012] Disclosure of invention

[0013] The objective of the present invention is to develop a new effective method for obtaining organic fertilizer from by-products of slaughtering productive animals.

[0014] The problem is solved by implementing a method for producing organic fertilizer from the blood of productive animals, which includes the following steps: a) mixing the blood of productive animals with water in a ratio of 2:1; b) heating the solution obtained in step a) to a temperature of +35 - 50°C; c) mixing the solution heated in step b) with an aqueous suspension of endocrine glands, in which the ratio of water and endocrine glands is 1:1; d) heating the reaction mixture obtained in step c) to a temperature of +35 - 50°C with continuous stirring, the duration of the step is 10-14 hours; d) after step d) a solution of an organic acid at a temperature of +35 - 50°C is added to the reaction mixture, stirring, the duration of the step is from 2 to 4 hours; e) heating the reaction mixture after step e) to a temperature of +70 - 85°C, the duration of the step is from 20 to 40 minutes. g) cooling the reaction mixture after step e).

[0015] In particular embodiments of the invention, the organic acid is citric acid.

[0016] In particular embodiments of the invention, the temperature at stage b) is 50°C.

[0017] In particular embodiments of the invention, the temperature at stage g) is 50°C, the duration of the stage is 10 hours.

[0018] In particular embodiments of the invention, the temperature at stage e) is 80°C, the duration of the stage is 40 minutes.

[0019] In particular embodiments of the invention, mixing is carried out using blade, anchor, frame or screw mixers.

[0020] In particular embodiments of the invention, the productive animals are cattle.

[0021] In particular embodiments of the invention, the ratio of the blood solution of productive animals and the aqueous suspension of endocrine glands is 4:1.

[0022] In particular embodiments of the invention, the pH of the organic acid solution is 4-5.5. The subject of the present invention is also an organic fertilizer obtained by the method according to the invention from the blood of productive animals.

[0023] As a result of implementing the invention, the following technical results are achieved:

[0024] - a new effective method for obtaining organic fertilizer from the blood of productive animals has been developed;

[0025] - the method according to the invention does not require preliminary treatment of the blood of productive animals, with the exception of heating;

[0026] - the method according to the invention provides a higher yield of free amino acids in the process of protein destruction (up to 16%) in the final product, without the use of aggressive inorganic acids and alkalis;

[0027] - the method according to the invention reduces the amount of caustic acids and alkalis used, that is, both the method itself and the product of its implementation, according to the invention, are safe for the environment;

[0028] - the method according to the invention includes the use of by-products of the slaughter of productive animals (blood, endocrine glands), therefore the method according to the invention is environmentally friendly, reduces emissions and pollution of the environment, as well as energy costs for the disposal of by-products of the slaughter of productive animals;

[0029] - the method according to the invention makes it possible to obtain an organic fertilizer that increases crop yields, in particular increases the crop yields of a number of plants by up to 30%.

[0030] The use of an organic acid in the second stage of hydrolysis of the method according to the invention is due to the fact that with its help a greater yield of free amino acids is achieved in the process of protein destruction. The use of organic acids, unlike inorganic acids, does not require special safety measures during production and storage, and also allows obtaining a completely organic fertilizer. An important fact is that in the proposed solution, when conducting a two-stage hydrolysis, a significant yield of free amino acids is achieved (up to 16%) without the use of inorganic acids and alkalis.

[0031] It is also essential to obtain a completely organic fertilizer, in the production process of which no inorganic raw materials or materials are used, which corresponds to the best global environmental practices and organic production practices in accordance with GOST 33980-2016.

[0032] Detailed disclosure of the invention

[0033] Definitions (Terms) For a better understanding of the present invention, some terms used in the present description of the invention are provided below. The following definitions apply herein unless otherwise explicitly stated.

[0034] In the present description and in the following claims, unless the context otherwise requires, the words "have," "include," and "comprise," or variations thereof, such as "has," "having," "includes," "including," "contains," or "comprising," are to be understood as including the stated whole or group of wholes, but not excluding any other whole or group of wholes. These terms are not intended to be construed as "consists only of."

[0035] The term "and / or" means one, more, or all of the listed elements.

[0036] Also here, listing numeric ranges by endpoints includes all numbers within that range.

[0037] Implementation of the invention

[0038] Example #1

[0039] The process of hydrolysis of blood of productive animals is carried out in a reactor with a volume of 1.0 m 3, reactor filling factor is 0.8. At the preparatory stage, 8.0 kg of bovine pancreas are ground and a suspension is prepared by adding 8.0 kg of water and stirring. Bovine blood mixed with water in a ratio of 2:1 is poured into the reactor, the total amount of the mixture is 700 l (the ratio of the blood solution of productive animals and the aqueous suspension of bovine pancreas is 4:1), heated to a temperature of 50 °C and the first stage of hydrolysis is carried out for 10 hours. Next, a solution of citric acid is prepared by diluting 20 kg of citric acid in 100 l of water and adding it to the reaction mixture. The second stage of hydrolysis is carried out at a constant temperature for 2 hours, then the enzymatic hydrolysis is inactivated by increasing the temperature to 80 °C for 40 minutes. The mixture is cooled.

[0040] The resulting product is an organic fertilizer.

[0041] Example 2. Study of the amino acid content in the composition of the fertilizer obtained by the method according to the invention.

[0042] The analysis of amino acids in the composition of the organic fertilizer obtained by the method according to the invention was carried out using the method according to GOST 32195-2013. As a result of the study, the following results were obtained:

[0043] Example 3. Study of the effect of organic fertilizer obtained by the method according to the invention on the growth and development of agricultural plants.

[0044] The studies were conducted on the following crops:

[0045] 1. Rapeseed

[0046] 2. Wheat

[0047] 3. Sugar beet

[0048] 4. Tomatoes

[0049] 5. Apple trees

[0050] 6. Winter wheat

[0051] 7. Soybeans

[0052] 8. Berries

[0053] The fertilizer obtained by the method according to the invention was studied in various experiments. Thus, as a result of using the fertilizer obtained by the invention, the yield of sugar beet root crops in the experimental variants increased in comparison with the control by 3.04-7.85 t / ha, which is an increase in yield from 7.1% to 18.4% with an increase in sugar content from 0.3% to 0.9%, which ultimately gives an additional 1.73 tons of sugar per hectare. On ordinary chernozem of the Rostov Region, four-fold root feeding of the tomato hybrid Plamenny F1 with the organic fertilizer obtained by the method according to the invention increased the crop yield by 55.3 c / ha (19.3%) and a decrease in the nitrate content in fruits to 16.0-18.3% and an increase in the accumulation of vitamin C in fruits by 18.4%, improved the environmental safety and nutritional value of tomato fruits.

[0054] In addition, the results of testing the fertilizer obtained by the method according to the invention for foliar feeding of spring wheat showed that the said fertilizer provided a 15% increase in yield compared to the control variant due to an increase in the number of productive stems in this variant by 12%. Under the influence of the fertilizer, a tendency to increase the gluten content and optimize its rheological properties: elasticity and extensibility was noted.

[0055] An assessment of the effect of the fertilizer obtained by the method according to the invention on the biometric growth indices and structural indices of the yield of the Uralskoye Nalivnoye apple trees was also carried out. As a result of the studies, the maximum average shoot growth of 41.3 cm was noted, the excess of the control variant was noted by 11.9 cm, which corresponds to 40.5%, the maximum increase in the number of annual shoots (96 pcs) and the total shoot growth (39.60 m) was noted. The percentage of useful ovary of the variety is 11.5%, the excess of the control value is 1.9 times. The use of the invention obtained by the method according to the invention ensured a higher yield with good fruit quality, the marketability of fruits (grade 1) was 82.3%, the ratio of the first grade to the second was 5.4:1.In some variants of treatment with the fertilizer obtained by the method according to the invention, the maximum yield per unit area was observed, equal to 31.5 t / ha, which is 17.8 t more than the control variant, which is an increase in yield by 129.9%.

[0056] In addition, the efficiency of using the fertilizer obtained by the method according to the invention was evaluated in relation to winter wheat, soybeans, strawberries, the results showed an increase in yield by 16.1, 13.6 and 24%, respectively.

[0057] Thus, the fertilizer obtained by the method according to the invention is capable of significantly increasing the yield of various agricultural crops.

[0058] Although the invention has been described with reference to the disclosed embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the specific experiments described in detail are provided merely for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the invention in any way. It will be understood that various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

Invention formula 1. A method for producing an organic fertilizer from the blood of productive animals, comprising the following stages: a) mixing the blood of productive animals with water in a ratio of 2:1; b) heating the solution obtained in stage a) to a temperature of +35 - 50°C; c) mixing the solution heated in stage b) with an aqueous suspension of endocrine glands, in which the ratio of water and endocrine glands is 1:1; d) heating the reaction mixture obtained in stage c) to a temperature of +35 - 50°C with continuous stirring, the duration of the stage is 10-14 hours; e) adding a solution of an organic acid at a temperature of +35 - 50°C to the reaction mixture after stage d), stirring, the duration of the stage is from 2 to 4 hours; e) heating the reaction mixture after stage e) to a temperature of +70 - 85°C, the duration of the stage is from 20 to 40 minutes; g) cooling the reaction mixture after stage e).

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the organic acid is citric acid.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature in step b) is 50°C.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature in step d) is 50°C, the duration of the step is 10 hours.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature in step e) is 80°C, the duration of the step is 40 minutes.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein mixing is carried out using paddle, anchor, frame or screw mixers.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the productive animals are cattle.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the solution of blood of productive animals and the aqueous suspension of endocrine glands is 4:

1.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pH of the organic acid solution is 4-5.5.

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