Cultivation and breeding method for crop rotation of stropharia rugosoannulata and return of mushroom residue to field in rice-fish co-culture system

Abstract

A cultivation and breeding method for crop rotation of Stropharia rugosoannulata and return of mushroom residue to the field in a rice-fish co-culture system, comprising: constructing fish pits in a paddy field, planting open-field Stropharia rugosoannulata in the paddy field during a winter fallow period of double-season rice, and simultaneously continuing to culture Procypris merus in the fish pits; and after harvesting the Stropharia rugosoannulata, directly returning mushroom residue to the field. In the described method, the rotation of rice and mushroom combined with the return of mushroom residue to the field can reduce rice diseases in the rice-fish co-culture system, decrease the yield-reducing effect of fish on rice, and increase the yields of rice and fish. The co-culture of Procypris merus can alleviate the problem of aggravated rice sheath blight caused by the return of mushroom residue to the field. Moreover, only one-time application of base fertilizer is required, which reduces the complexity and labor intensity of later management.

Description

A method for growing and breeding stropharia in a rice-fish farming model by rotating the crop and returning the mushroom residue to the field Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of integrated rice field cultivation and breeding. More specifically, it relates to a cultivation and breeding method of Stropharia rugosa in a rice-fish farming model by rotating the cultivation of Stropharia rugosa and returning the mushroom residue to the field. Background Art

[0002] Rice-fish farming is an integrated ecological farming model that combines rice cultivation and fish farming. It has been recognized as a green production technology that complements water and land resources, providing grain and protein for humanity while enhancing rice paddy biodiversity and reducing agricultural non-point source pollution. In 2022, the rice-fish farming area in my country reached 15 million mu (approximately 1.5 million hectares), with carp being the most widely used fish in rice-fish farming systems. However, because carp are sensitive to ammonia and nitrogen in the water, the increased ammonia and nitrogen concentration in the water when nitrogen fertilizer is applied during the middle and late stages of rice growth is toxic to the fish, hindering their growth and resulting in lower yields. If nitrogen fertilizer is not applied during the middle and late stages of rice growth, rice yields will significantly decline. Achieving a balanced increase in both rice and fish yields is a major challenge in current rice-fish farming systems. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a rice-fish farming method that can simultaneously increase rice yield and fish production.

[0003] Other studies have shown that edible mushroom cultivation residues are rich in cellulose, lignin, and bioactive substances. Returning these residues to fields can increase soil organic matter, improve soil physical and biological properties, and reduce fertilizer requirements. For example, cultivating Stropharia rugosa on rice straw and returning the residue to fields can increase soil fertility. However, the mycelium and sclerotia of sheath blight can overwinter in the rice straw used to grow Stropharia rugosa, increasing the pathogen's abundance in the residues, exacerbating rice sheath blight and reducing rice yields.

[0004] Therefore, how to solve the problem of aggravated rice sheath blight caused by returning fungus residue to the fields is the key link in whether the application of this technology can be promoted and used.

[0005] Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention aims to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies of existing rice-fish farming systems by providing a method for cultivating Stropharia officinalis in a rice-fish farming model, with the residue of the mushrooms returned to the fields. This method involves constructing fish pits within rice paddies. During the winter fallow period of double-season rice, Stropharia officinalis is cultivated outdoors within the paddies, while grass carp continues to be cultured in the fish pits. After the Stropharia officinalis is harvested, the residue is returned directly to the fields. This model not only utilizes fallow fields for the production of Stropharia officinalis but also increases rice and fish yields, resulting in high economic benefits.

[0007] The invention aims to provide a method for cultivating Stropharia officinalis by crop rotation and returning mushroom residue to fields in a rice-fish farming mode.

[0008] The above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0009] The present invention provides a method for cultivating Stropharia rugosa by crop rotation and returning mushroom residue to the field under a rice-fish farming model, comprising the following steps:

[0010] S1. Reconstruct the rice fields and dig fish pits in the middle of the rice fields;

[0011] S2. Planting early rice, releasing fish fry into the fish pond after transplanting the early rice, harvesting the rice and fish after the rice matures;

[0012] S3. Planting late rice, releasing fish fry into the fish pond after transplanting late rice, harvesting rice after rice matures, and continuing to raise fish;

[0013] S4. Using rice straw to grow Stropharia rugosa and continue to raise fish;

[0014] S5. After picking mushrooms, return the residue directly to the field and harvest the fish at the same time.

[0015] As an optional implementation scheme, the time for planting early rice in step S2 is early March; the time for planting late rice in step S3 is mid-August.

[0016] Preferably, the area of ​​the fish pond in step S1 accounts for 6-10% of the total area of ​​the rice field.

[0017] More preferably, the area of ​​the fish pond in step S1 accounts for 10% of the total area of ​​the rice field.

[0018] Preferably, the fry in step S2 or S3 is grass carp fry.

[0019] Preferably, in step S2 or S3, 6-8 t / hm2 of water should be applied before planting. 2 Organic fertilizer.

[0020] More preferably, in step S2 or S3, 7.6 t / hm2 of water needs to be applied before planting. 2 Organic fertilizer.

[0021] Preferably, after the rice is harvested in step S3, the water level in the fish pond is controlled to be 20 to 40 cm below the field surface.

[0022] More preferably, after the rice is harvested in step S3, the water level in the fish pond is controlled to be 30 cm below the field surface.

[0023] Preferably, the time for releasing the fry in step S2 or S3 is 15 to 20 days after transplanting the rice seedlings.

[0024] More preferably, the time for releasing the fry in step S2 or S3 is 18 days after transplanting the rice seedlings.

[0025] Preferably, the method for growing Stropharia rugosa using rice straw in step S4 is:

[0026] S41. The dry rice straw was soaked with lime water, the soaked rice straw was placed on the rice field, and then the Stropharia species were evenly sown on the rice straw, covered with soil, and then sunshade and moisturizing treatment;

[0027] S42. Mushrooms can be harvested after they have grown. Shade and moisturize the area after each harvest.

[0028] As an optional embodiment, the rice straw is dried in the step S41 by sun drying.

[0029] Preferably, the concentration of lime water in step S41 is 0.5-1.5%.

[0030] More preferably, the concentration of lime water in step S41 is 1%.

[0031] Preferably, the rice straws in step S41 are placed with a width of 30 to 50 cm, a height of 10 to 30 cm, and a spacing of 30 to 50 cm.

[0032] As an optional implementation scheme, the soil covering in step S41 is covering with soil 3 to 5 cm thick.

[0033] Preferably, the sunshade and moisturizing treatment in step S41 is performed 15 to 25 days after the Stropharia officinalis is sown.

[0034] More preferably, the sunshade and moisturizing treatment in step S41 is performed 20 days after the Stropharia officinalis is sown.

[0035] Preferably, the sunshade and moisture-retaining treatment in steps S41 and S42 is to cover the fungus bed with rice straw.

[0036] As an optional embodiment, the above-mentioned method for cultivating Stropharia rugosa in a rice-fish farming mode by rotating the crop and returning the mushroom residue to the field comprises the following steps:

[0037] S1. Select rice paddies with sufficient water, convenient drainage and irrigation, and no pollution, and transform the paddies. Dig fish pits in the middle of the paddies, the area of ​​which accounts for 6-10% of the total paddy area. The fish pits are connected to the paddy surface, and water inlets and outlets are set at the two corners of the paddy field and nets are set to prevent fish from escaping.

[0038] Plant early rice in early March, apply base fertilizer before transplanting, release grass carp fry into the fish pond 18 days after transplanting, harvest rice promptly after it matures in early July, dry and pack the rice stalks for storage, and harvest the grass carp;

[0039] Plant late rice in mid-August and apply base fertilizer before transplanting. Stock the fish pond with grass carp fry 18 days after transplanting. Harvest the rice promptly in mid-November, once it matures. Keep the water level in the fish pond 30 cm below the field surface and spread rice straw on the field surface to dry. Continue raising the grass carp in the fish pond.

[0040] S4. Using rice straw to grow Stropharia rugosa and continuing to raise Grass Carp in the fish pond:

[0041] S41. The rice straw was soaked with 1% lime water, and the treated rice straw was spread in the rice field, 40 cm wide, 20 cm high, 40 cm apart, and of any length, and evenly arranged in sequence. The Stropharia genus was broken into pigeon egg-sized pieces and evenly sown in the rice straw, and then covered with 3 to 5 cm thick soil; 20 days after planting, the rice straw was covered on the bed to provide shade and moisture retention;

[0042] S42. Mushrooms begin to fruit 50 days after sowing. Picking should be done before the mushrooms open. After picking each day, re-lay rice straw on the surface to avoid direct sunlight.

[0043] S5. When mushroom picking is finished in early March, the mushroom residue is directly turned into the field for return to the soil. At the same time, the grass carp is harvested. After harvesting, the fields are flooded to prepare for early rice planting.

[0044] Preferably, when harvesting the mushroom bodies in step S42, the mushroom stems are pinched with the thumb, index finger and middle finger and gently rotated to remove them.

[0045] The present invention provides application of the above-mentioned cultivation method in a rice-fish farming model.

[0046] The present invention provides application of the above method in increasing rice yield, alleviating rice sheath blight and increasing grass carp yield in a rice-fish farming model.

[0047] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0048] The present invention provides a method for cultivating and raising Stropharia officinalis in a rice-fish farming model by rotating the crop and returning the mushroom residue to the field. This method involves rotating Stropharia officinalis with double rice, cultivating grass carp with double rice, and cultivating grass carp with Stropharia officinalis. Statistical data indicates that rice sheath blight is effectively reduced, grass carp grows better, and both rice and fish yields are increased. Furthermore, Stropharia officinalis is cultivated in fallow winter fields, increasing the economic benefits of the rice fields. Therefore, this model is a simple, efficient, and excellent agricultural production model with significant yields of rice, grass carp, and Stropharia officinalis.

[0049] Experimental data show that in this farming system, rice-mushroom rotation combined with returning mushroom residue to the field can effectively reduce the impact of fish on rice production reduction, and to a certain extent, show an effect of increasing rice production; rice-mushroom rotation combined with returning mushroom residue to the field can significantly promote the growth of fish in the rice-fish system and increase rice-fish production; rice-fish co-cultivation can alleviate the problem of aggravated rice diseases caused by returning mushroom residue to the field.

[0050] In the method of the present invention, only base fertilizer needs to be applied, and there is no need for topdressing in the later stage. This reduces the complexity and labor intensity of later management, simplifies the agricultural production process, and still maintains high rice yields. In addition, using the cultivation and breeding method of the present invention, farmers can obtain multiple benefits from rice, fish, and giant puffball mushrooms, improve the land use equivalent ratio and economic value, and significantly increase farmers' income. The present invention also effectively alleviates soil-borne diseases through the ecological effects of rice-fish farming, protecting soil health and productivity. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0051] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the rice field after transformation in Example 1.

[0052] Figure 2 shows the rice yield results of four experimental treatments for early rice and late rice; a: rice yield of early rice, b: rice yield of late rice.

[0053] Figure 3 shows the disease index of rice sheath blight at the tillering stage, heading stage and maturity stage of early rice and late rice in four experimental treatments; a: disease index of rice sheath blight at the tillering stage of early rice, b: disease index of rice sheath blight at the heading stage of early rice, c: disease index of rice sheath blight at the maturity stage of early rice, d: disease index of rice sheath blight at the tillering stage of late rice, e: disease index of rice sheath blight at the heading stage of late rice, f: disease index of rice sheath blight at the maturity stage of late rice. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples, but the examples do not limit the present invention in any way. Unless otherwise specified, the reagents, methods and equipment used in the present invention are all conventional reagents, methods and equipment in the art.

[0055] Unless otherwise specified, the reagents and materials used in the following examples were commercially available.

[0056] In the following examples, the method for determining the rice sheath blight disease index refers to GB / T 15791-2011 and the document "Yan Zhibo. Effect of ryegrass-rice rotation on rice sheath blight and rice blast [D]. Sun Yat-sen University [2024-02-06].".

[0057] In the following examples, in order to investigate the effects of rice-mushroom rotation and returning mushroom residue to the field on the system, data were collected and statistically analyzed starting from the second round for each group.

[0058] Example 1

[0059] During the same period, the same rice field was divided into different plots and different treatments were set for the experiment. The treatments for each group were:

[0060] CK treatment (winter fallow field + conventional fertilization);

[0061] S treatment (rice-mushroom rotation + returning mushroom residue to the field + 20% weight loss);

[0062] CF treatment (winter fallow field + conventional fertilization + rice-fish farming);

[0063] SF treatment (rice-mushroom rotation + returning mushroom residue to the field + 20% weight loss + rice-fish farming).

[0064] The following experiments were completed in 2022-2023. The different treatments required prior rice paddy modifications: Paddies with ample water, convenient irrigation and drainage, and no pollution were selected for modification. Fish pits were dug in the center of the paddy plots, occupying 10% of the total paddy area. The pits were connected to the paddy plots, and water inlets and outlets were installed at opposite corners of the paddy fields, along with nets to prevent fish escape. A schematic diagram of the modified paddy plots is shown in Figure 1.

[0065] Specifically, the planting methods for each group are as follows:

[0066] (1) Planting method of CK treatment (winter fallow field + conventional fertilization):

[0067] First round:

[0068] S11. From March to July, plant early rice.

[0069] Early rice was planted in early March, and basal fertilizer (organic fertilizer, 9.52t / hm2) was applied once before transplanting. 2 ); Harvest rice in time after it matures in early July.

[0070] S12. From August to November, late rice is planted.

[0071] Late rice was planted in mid-August, and basal fertilizer (organic fertilizer, 9.52t / hm2) was applied once before transplanting. 2 ) Harvest rice in time after it matures in mid-November.

[0072] The fields are left fallow during the winter from mid-November to early March of the following year, and the second round of early rice planting begins in early March of the following year.

[0073] Second round:

[0074] S21. Same as S11;

[0075] S22. Same as S12.

[0076] (2) Planting method of S treatment (rice-mushroom rotation + returning mushroom residue to the field + 20% weight loss):

[0077] First round:

[0078] S11. From March to July, plant early rice.

[0079] Early rice was planted in early March, and basal fertilizer (organic fertilizer, 7.616t / hm2) was applied once before transplanting. 2 ); Harvest rice in time after it matures in early July.

[0080] S12. From August to November, late rice is planted.

[0081] Late rice was planted in mid-August, and basal fertilizer (organic fertilizer, 7.616t / hm2) was applied once before transplanting. 2 ) Harvest rice in time after it matures in mid-November.

[0082] S13. Plant Stropharia officinalis from late November to early March of the following year.

[0083] In late November, dry rice straw was soaked with 1% lime water, poured into the rice field, and placed in the rice field with an unlimited length of 40 cm wide, 20 cm high, and 40 cm apart. Then, the Stropharia rugosus spawn was evenly sown on the rice straw, and then covered with 3 to 5 cm thick soil. After 20 days of planting, sunshade and moisturizing treatment was carried out (the sunshade and moisturizing treatment was to cover the mushroom bed with rice straw).

[0084] 50 days after sowing, mushrooms will appear and can be harvested (the mushrooms should be harvested before the cap opens. When harvesting, just pinch the stem of the mushroom with your thumb, index finger and middle finger and gently rotate it to pick it off). After picking every day, re-lay the surface with rice straw to avoid direct sunlight.

[0085] After the mushroom harvest is completed in early March, the mushroom residue is turned into the fields for return to the fields in preparation for the second round of early rice planting;

[0086] Second round:

[0087] S21. Same as S11: Plant early rice from March to July.

[0088] Then, early rice was planted in early March. Before transplanting, a base fertilizer (organic fertilizer, 7.616t / hm2) was applied once. 2 ) Harvest rice promptly after it matures in early July;

[0089] S22. Same as S12: Plant late rice from August to November.

[0090] Late rice was planted in mid-August, and basal fertilizer (organic fertilizer, 7.616t / hm2) was applied once before transplanting.2 ) ; Harvest rice promptly after it matures in mid-November;

[0091] S23. Same as S13.

[0092] (3) Cultivation and breeding methods for CF treatment (winter fallow land + conventional fertilization + rice-fish farming):

[0093] First round:

[0094] S11. From March to July, plant early rice and raise common carp.

[0095] Early rice was planted in early March, and basal fertilizer (organic fertilizer, 9.52t / hm2) was applied once before transplanting. 2 ) 18 days after transplanting early rice, stock the fish pond with grass carp fry; harvest the rice and fish in time after the rice matures in early July;

[0096] S12. From August to November, plant late rice and raise common carp.

[0097] Late rice was planted in mid-August, and basal fertilizer (organic fertilizer, 9.52t / hm2) was applied once before transplanting. 2 ), release grass carp fry into the fish pond 18 days after late rice planting, harvest rice in time after rice matures in mid-November, control the water level in the fish pond at 20 to 40 cm below the field surface, and continue to raise grass carp in the fish pond.

[0098] The fields were left fallow from mid-November to early March of the following year, with the second round of early rice planting beginning in early March of the following year. The fish were then reared until harvested before the second round of early rice planting (the harvesting time for this step was the same as that for the corresponding step in the SF treatment).

[0099] Second round:

[0100] S21. Same as S11;

[0101] S22. Same as S12.

[0102] (IV) SF treatment (rice-mushroom rotation + returning mushroom residue to the field + 20% weight loss + rice-fish farming) farming method:

[0103] First round:

[0104] S11. From March to July, plant early rice and raise common carp.

[0105] Then, early rice was planted in early March. Before transplanting, a base fertilizer (organic fertilizer, 7.616t / hm2) was applied once. 2 ) 18 days after transplanting early rice, stock the fish pond with grass carp fry; harvest the rice and fish in time after the rice matures in early July;

[0106] S12. From August to November, plant late rice and raise common carp.

[0107] Late rice is planted in mid-August, and grass carp fry are released into the fish pond 18 days after transplanting. The rice is harvested in time after it matures in mid-November. The water level in the fish pond is controlled at 20 to 40 cm below the field surface, and the fish are continued to be raised until the mushroom residue is returned to the field.

[0108] S13. From late November to early March of the following year, plant Stropharia rugosus and raise common carp.

[0109] In late November, dry rice straw was soaked with 1% lime water and spread in the rice field. The soaked rice straw was placed in the rice field with a width of 40 cm, a height of 20 cm, and a spacing of 40 cm. The length of the rice straw was not limited. Then, the Stropharia rugosus spawn was evenly sown on the rice straw and then covered with 3 to 5 cm thick soil. After 20 days of planting, the rice straw was shaded and moisturized (the shaded and moisturized treatment was to cover the bed with rice straw).

[0110] Fifty days after sowing, the mushrooms will fruit and be harvested. (Pick the mushrooms before they open their caps. Simply pinch the stems with your thumb, index finger, and middle finger and gently twist to remove them.) After picking each day, re-lay rice straw on the surface to protect it from direct sunlight. After harvesting is complete in early March, the residue is turned over and returned to the fields. At this time, all the grass carp raised with the late rice planting are harvested.

[0111] Second round:

[0112] S21. Same as S11: From March to July, plant early rice and raise common carp.

[0113] Then, early rice was planted in early March. Before transplanting, a base fertilizer (organic fertilizer, 7.616t / hm2) was applied once. 2 ) 18 days after transplanting early rice, stock the fish pond with grass carp fry; harvest the rice and fish in time after the rice matures in early July;

[0114] S22. Same as S12: August to November, plant late rice and raise common carp.

[0115] Late rice is planted in mid-August, and grass carp fry are released into the fish pond 18 days after transplanting. The rice is harvested in time after it matures in mid-November. The water level in the fish pond is controlled at 20 to 40 cm below the field surface, and the fish are continued to be raised until the mushroom residue is returned to the field.

[0116] S23. Same as S13: From late November to early March of the following year, plant Stropharia rugosus and raise common carp.

[0117] The data analyzed in the following examples are the results of the second round of planting and breeding.

[0118] Example 2 Comparative Analysis of Rice Yield

[0119] The rice yield of CK, S, CF and SF treatments was measured and counted at the rice harvest period. The specific sampling method was as follows: after the rice matured, two 1m2 rice paddies were harvested on both sides of the fish pond. 2 The sample plots were taken, impurities removed, sun-dried and weighed, and converted into yield per unit area.

[0120] The rice yield results for early rice and late rice in 2023 are shown in Figure 2.

[0121] (1) From the results of early rice yield, in the two treatments of returning mushroom residue to the field (S and SF treatments), the rice yield of the S treatment was higher than that of the CK treatment, and the rice yield of the SF treatment was higher than that of the CF treatment. This shows that rice-mushroom rotation combined with returning mushroom residue to the field can increase rice yield and reduce fertilizer use, but there was no significant difference among the treatments.

[0122] (2) From the results of late rice yield, in the two treatments of returning mushroom residue to the field (S and SF treatments), the rice yield of the S treatment was lower than that of the CK treatment, while the rice yield of the SF treatment was significantly higher than that of the CF treatment and also higher than that of the CK treatment. This shows that rice-mushroom rotation combined with returning mushroom residue to the field can significantly increase rice yield under the action of fish farming, reducing the impact of weight loss and fish farming on rice yield reduction.

[0123] Compared to the two treatments without rice-fish farming (CK and S), the two rice-fish farming treatments (CF and SF) showed that fish farming caused a certain reduction in rice yield. CF significantly reduced early rice yield by 24% compared to CK, while SF increased early rice yield by 12% compared to S. SF also increased early rice yield by 4.4% compared to CK. This suggests that rice-mushroom rotation combined with mushroom residue return can significantly reduce the impact of fish farming on rice yield.

[0124] Example 3 Comparative Analysis of Rice Diseases

[0125] The rice sheath blight disease index of different treatments CK, S, CF and SF at the tillering stage, heading stage and maturity stage was measured and statistically analyzed.

[0126] Figure 3 shows the sheath blight disease index data for plants grown under different treatments. The results showed that, at the tillering stage, there were no significant differences in the sheath blight disease index for both early and late rice among the treatments. At the heading stage, there were no significant differences in the sheath blight disease index among the treatments in the early rice stage; however, at the late rice stage, the sheath blight disease index for the SF treatment was significantly lower than that for the S treatment. At the harvest stage, the sheath blight disease index for the S treatment was higher, indicating that returning fungus residue to the field can exacerbate sheath blight in rice. The sheath blight disease index for the two treatments with rice-fish farming (CF and SF) was significantly lower than that for the two treatments without rice-fish farming (CK and S), indicating that rice-fish farming can reduce the risk of sheath blight in rice, with SF providing the best control effect.

[0127] Example 4 Analysis of the growth and yield of grass carp

[0128] After the early rice was harvested, all the fish in the fish ponds with different treatments were caught, weighed, and the survival rate was calculated.

[0129] After the late rice is harvested, all the fish in the fish ponds with different treatments are caught, weighed, and the survival rate is calculated, and then they are put back into the fish ponds for further breeding.

[0130] The specific capture and weighing method is: after the rice is harvested, the water in the fish pit is drained, the grass carp in the fish pit are caught, and they are counted and weighed.

[0131] Growth and yield data for early rice-raised grass carp are shown in Table 1, and those for late rice-raised grass carp are shown in Table 2. The results show that across the two rice-fish farming treatments (CF and SF), the average weight of fish cultured in the SF treatment was significantly higher than that in the CF treatment for both early and late rice. There was no significant difference in the survival rate of fish between the two treatments. Compared with the CF treatment, the SF treatment significantly increased the yield of grass carp in early and late rice-raised crops by 31.0% and 34.6%, respectively, demonstrating that rice-mushroom rotation combined with the return of mushroom residue to the field can promote fish growth and increase fish yield in rice-fish systems.

[0132] Table 1 Growth and yield data of early rice carp

[0133] Note: Different lowercase letters after the values ​​in the table indicate significant differences among treatments (P<0.05), while the same letters indicate no significant differences among treatments (P>0.05).

[0134] Table 2 Growth and yield data of late rice carp

[0135] Note: Different lowercase letters after the values ​​in the table indicate significant differences among treatments (P<0.05), while the same letters indicate no significant differences among treatments (P>0.05).

[0136] The above embodiments are preferred implementation modes of the present invention, but the implementation modes of the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments. Any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not deviate from the spirit and principles of the present invention should be considered as equivalent replacement methods and are included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for growing and cultivating Stropharia rugosa in a rice-fish farming model and returning mushroom residue to the field, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Reconstruct the rice fields and dig fish pits in the middle of the rice fields; S2. Planting early rice, releasing fish fry into the fish pond after transplanting the early rice, harvesting the rice and fish after the rice matures; S3. Planting late rice, releasing fish fry into the fish pond after transplanting late rice, harvesting rice after rice matures, and continuing to raise fish; S4. Using rice straw to grow Stropharia rugosa and continue to raise fish; S5. After picking mushrooms, return the residue directly to the field and harvest the fish at the same time.

2. The method for raising crops according to claim 1, wherein: The area of ​​the fish pond in step S1 accounts for 6-10% of the total area of ​​the rice field.

3. The method for raising crops according to claim 1, wherein: The fry described in step S2 or S3 is grass carp fry.

4. The method for raising crops according to claim 1, wherein: In step S2 or S3, 6-8 t / hm2 of water should be applied before planting. 2 Organic fertilizer.

5. The planting and breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: After the rice is harvested in step S3, the water level in the fish pond is controlled to be 20 to 40 cm below the field surface.

6. The planting and breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The time for putting the fry in step S2 or S3 is 15 to 20 days after transplanting the rice seedlings.

7. The planting and breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S4: The method for growing Stropharia rugosa using rice straw is as follows: S41. The dry rice straw was soaked with lime water, the soaked rice straw was placed on the rice field, and then the Stropharia species were evenly sown on the rice straw, covered with soil, and then sunshade and moisturizing treatment; S42. Mushrooms can be harvested after they have grown. Shade and moisturize the area after each harvest.

8. The planting and breeding method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The sunshade and moisturizing treatment in step S41 is performed 15 to 25 days after the Stropharia officinalis is sown.

9. The planting and breeding method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The sunshade and moisture-keeping treatment in steps S41 and S42 is to cover the mushroom bed with rice straw.

10. The planting and breeding method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The rice straws in step S41 are placed with a width of 30 to 50 cm, a height of 10 to 30 cm, and a spacing of 30 to 50 cm.

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