Battery pack, electric device, and energy storage device

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a battery pack, an electric device, and an energy storage device. The battery pack comprises a case and a first battery cell; an accommodating space is formed in the case; the first battery cell is located in the accommodating space; a pressure relief port for pressure relief is formed on at least one side of the first battery cell; an exhaust channel and an exhaust hole are provided on at least one side wall of the case; the exhaust hole is located on the side of the side wall facing the accommodating space; the exhaust channel is communicated with the accommodating space by means of the exhaust hole; and the side of the first battery cell provided with the pressure relief port and the side wall of the case provided with the exhaust hole are close to each other and oppositely arranged.

Description

Battery packs, power consumption devices and energy storage devices

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] The present disclosure is based on Chinese patent application numbered 202410254542.5, filed on March 6, 2024, with the title “Battery Pack, Battery Module, Battery Cell and Electrical Device” and Chinese patent application numbered 202421839261.8, filed on July 31, 2024, with the title “Battery and Electrical Device”, and claims the priority of the above-mentioned Chinese patent applications. The entire contents of the above-mentioned Chinese patent applications are hereby introduced into the present disclosure as a reference. Technical Field

[0003] The present disclosure relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a battery pack, an electrical device, and an energy storage device. Background Art

[0004] New energy batteries are increasingly being used in everyday life and industry. For example, battery-powered new energy vehicles are already widely used, and batteries are also increasingly being used in energy storage and other fields. However, batteries pose a risk of thermal runaway during use. In such cases, batteries may emit high-temperature gases and particles, which can trigger secondary hazards. One of the key challenges is mitigating the adverse effects of these gases and particles. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present disclosure provides a battery pack, an electrical device, and an energy storage device that can reduce the adverse effects caused by thermal runaway.

[0006] The present disclosure is achieved through the following technical solutions.

[0007] A first aspect of the present disclosure provides a battery pack, comprising: a box body, forming a storage space inside; a first battery cell, located in the storage space, and at least one side of the battery cell is provided with a pressure relief port for pressure relief; at least one side wall of the box body has an exhaust flow channel and an exhaust hole, the exhaust hole is located on the side of the side wall facing the storage space, the exhaust flow channel is connected to the storage space through the exhaust hole, and the side of the first battery cell with the pressure relief port and the side wall of the box body with the exhaust hole are close to and opposite to each other.

[0008] Because at least one side wall of the housing has an exhaust passage and an exhaust hole, if thermal runaway occurs in the first battery cell, the high-temperature gas and high-temperature particulate matter generated by thermal runaway can be discharged from the first battery cell through the pressure relief vent and then enter the exhaust passage through the exhaust hole in the side wall of the housing, thereby reducing the risk of high-temperature particulate matter being directly ejected outside the housing and coming into contact with oxygen and igniting. Furthermore, heat exchange occurs between the high-temperature gas and high-temperature particulate matter while passing through the exhaust passage, meaning that the exhaust passage cools the high-temperature gas and high-temperature particulate matter. This reduces the risk of the particulate matter igniting outside the housing and coming into contact with oxygen, even if the particulate matter is discharged outside the housing through the exhaust passage. Furthermore, the exhaust hole is located close to the pressure relief vent corresponding to the first battery cell, allowing the high-temperature gas and high-temperature particulate matter ejected from the pressure relief vent to enter the exhaust passage as quickly as possible through the exhaust hole, thereby reducing the retention of the high-temperature gas and high-temperature particulate matter within the housing space and the impact of the high-temperature gas and high-temperature particulate matter on other electrical components within the housing space, thereby improving the reliability of the battery pack.

[0009] In some embodiments, the exhaust hole is located on the side wall of the box body along at least one side of the first direction, the battery pack also includes an explosion-proof valve, and the box body is provided with an explosion-proof valve on at least one side along the second direction. The second direction is arranged crosswise with the first direction, and the exhaust flow channel is selectively connected to the outside of the box body through the explosion-proof valve.

[0010] High-temperature gas and particulate matter ejected from the pressure relief port enter the exhaust duct through the vent. When the air pressure within the duct exceeds the opening pressure of the explosion-proof valve, the valve opens, allowing the gas and particulate matter within the duct to be discharged through the valve. This reduces the pressure within the battery pack casing and relieves the pressure. Furthermore, because the vent and explosion-proof valve are located on different sides of the casing, the exhaust duct offers a longer exhaust path. Heat exchange occurs between the high-temperature gas and particulate matter as they pass through the duct, lowering the temperature of the gas and particulate matter discharged from the explosion-proof valve. This further reduces the risk of fire from the particulate matter upon contact with oxygen outside the casing. Furthermore, the erupted gas and particulate matter are discharged outside the casing through the exhaust duct and explosion-proof valve, preventing them from dispersing and scattering. This allows for directional eruption during thermal runaway, making the ejection direction of the high-temperature gas and particulate matter generated during thermal runaway controllable and reducing the potential for the high-temperature gas and particulate matter to impact other components.

[0011] In some embodiments, the side walls of the box include two first side walls opposite to each other along a first direction and two second side walls opposite to each other along a second direction, the exhaust flow channel includes a first flow channel and a second flow channel that are connected to each other, the first flow channel is formed on at least one first side wall, the exhaust hole is formed on the first side wall and is connected to the first flow channel, the second flow channel is formed on at least one second side wall, the explosion-proof valve is provided on the second side wall, and the second flow channel is selectively connected to the outside of the box through the explosion-proof valve.

[0012] In this way, the first and second flow channels are formed on the side walls of the box, without occupying the storage space inside the box, which helps to improve the energy density and total energy of the battery pack. In addition, it can also reduce the number of parts and improve assembly efficiency.

[0013] In some embodiments, the first side wall includes two first walls arranged opposite to each other along a first direction, the exhaust hole is formed in the first wall close to the accommodating space, and the first flow channel is formed between the two first walls.

[0014] In some embodiments, the first side wall also includes a reinforcing rib, at least part of which is located between the two first walls. The reinforcing rib and the two first walls respectively form a mutually isolated first flow channel and a weight-reducing cavity, and the weight-reducing cavity is located on the side of the first flow channel away from the accommodating space.

[0015] The reinforcing ribs and the two first walls respectively form a mutually isolated first flow channel and a weight-reducing cavity. The weight-reducing cavity is located on the side of the exhaust flow channel facing away from the storage space. The reinforcing ribs enhance the overall strength of the storage space, while the weight-reducing cavity reduces the weight of the first sidewall. Given sufficient strength of the first sidewall, this helps improve the energy density of the battery pack. The weight-reducing cavity is located on the side of the exhaust flow channel facing away from the storage space. The weight-reducing cavity is relatively far away from the storage space, while the exhaust flow channel is relatively close to the storage space. This facilitates communication between the exhaust flow channel and the exhaust port near the storage space to receive high-temperature gas and high-temperature particulate matter within the storage space.

[0016] In some embodiments, the second side wall includes two second walls arranged opposite to each other along the second direction, the second wall away from the accommodating space is provided with an explosion-proof valve, and the second flow channel is formed between the two second walls.

[0017] In this way, a second flow channel is formed in the second side wall, thereby forming an exhaust flow channel, which can cool the high-temperature gas and high-temperature particulate matter, thereby reducing the risk of fire caused by the particulate matter being sprayed out of the box and coming into contact with oxygen.

[0018] In some embodiments, the second side wall also includes at least one partition located between the two second wall bodies, and the at least one partition divides the second flow channel formed between the two second wall bodies into at least two flow channel sections arranged in sequence along the second direction, and each flow channel section extends along the first direction. The partition is arranged between the adjacent flow channel sections along the second direction, and the adjacent flow channel sections along the second direction are connected.

[0019] In this way, the high-temperature gas and high-temperature particulate matter entering the second flow channel from the first flow channel first enter a flow channel section, and then enter the adjacent flow channel section under the guidance of the flow channel section. Since the flow channel sections extend along the first direction and the flow channel sections are arranged in sequence along the second direction, the provision of multiple flow channel sections is conducive to extending the flow path of the second flow channel, thereby reducing the temperature of the high-temperature gas and high-temperature particulate matter, so that the temperature of the gas and particulate matter discharged from the explosion-proof valve is lower, thereby further reducing the risk of fire caused by the particulate matter being ejected from the outside of the box and coming into contact with oxygen. In addition, because the flow time of the erupted gas and particulate matter in the second flow channel is extended by arranging a partition between the two second walls, it is not easy for the second flow channel to occupy more space due to extending the flow channel, which is conducive to reducing the volume of the box.

[0020] In some embodiments, multiple partitions are arranged in sequence along the second direction, and flow channel sections are formed between the second wall and the partition closest to the second wall, as well as between adjacent partitions. Adjacent flow channel sections are connected by connecting holes, and adjacent connecting holes along the second direction are staggered in the second direction.

[0021] This arrangement allows the gas and particulate matter entering the flow channel section to flow along the first direction. When they reach the connecting hole of the partition, they enter the adjacent flow channel section along the second direction through the connecting hole, and then continue to move along the first direction. In this way, the second flow channel forms a maze-like folded exhaust channel. While the size of the second side wall along the first direction remains constant, the flow path is longer, thereby reducing the temperature of high-temperature gas and high-temperature particulate matter. The temperature of the gas and particulate matter discharged from the explosion-proof valve is lower, further reducing the risk of fire caused by particulate matter being ejected outside the box and coming into contact with oxygen. In addition, it also helps to reduce the volume of the box.

[0022] In some embodiments, the two ends of the second wall body close to the accommodating space along the first direction are respectively connected to the first wall bodies of the two first side walls close to the accommodating space, and the two ends of the second wall body away from the accommodating space along the first direction are respectively connected to the two reinforcing ribs. The second side wall also includes at least one partition located between the two second walls. The at least one partition divides the second flow channel formed between the two second walls into at least two flow channel sections arranged in sequence along the second direction. One end of the partition along the first direction is connected to the reinforcing rib of one first side wall, and the other end is spaced from the reinforcing rib of the other first side wall to form a connecting hole. The adjacent flow channel sections along the second direction are connected through the connecting hole.

[0023] Thus, the second flow channel can be defined by the two second walls, the first wall, and the reinforcing ribs; the connecting holes are formed by the intervals between the partitions and the reinforcing ribs, which not only can easily form mutually staggered connecting holes and simplify the assembly steps, but also helps to suppress the weight of the box and even the entire battery pack.

[0024] In some embodiments, a dimension of the box along the second direction is greater than a dimension along the first direction.

[0025] Thus, more exhaust holes can be formed on the first side wall, which is suitable for arranging more first battery cells corresponding to the exhaust holes, thereby increasing the total energy of the battery pack.

[0026] In some embodiments, the battery pack further includes a sealing ring, which is sandwiched between a side of the first battery cell having a pressure relief port and a side wall of the box having a vent, and surrounds the pressure relief port and the vent.

[0027] By setting the sealing ring, the path of high-temperature gas and high-temperature particulate matter from the pressure relief port to the exhaust hole is sealed and isolated from other areas of the accommodation space, reducing the probability of high-temperature gas and high-temperature particulate matter diffusing to other areas of the accommodation space, thereby reducing the impact of high-temperature gas and high-temperature particulate matter on other battery cells and other electrical components in the accommodation space, thereby improving the reliability of the battery pack.

[0028] In some embodiments, a heat sink is provided in the exhaust flow passage.

[0029] By arranging a heat absorbing element in the exhaust flow passage, the heat absorbing element can absorb heat from the high-temperature gas and high-temperature particulate matter passing through the exhaust flow passage, further reducing the temperature of the high-temperature gas and high-temperature particulate matter, thereby further reducing the adverse effects caused by thermal runaway.

[0030] In some embodiments, the battery pack further includes a second battery cell, at least one side of which is provided with a pressure relief port for pressure relief, and the side of the first battery cell with the pressure relief port and the side of the second battery cell with the pressure relief port are far away from each other and arranged opposite to each other.

[0031] The side of the first battery cell with the pressure relief vent and the side of the second battery cell with the pressure relief vent are spaced apart and arranged opposite each other. Therefore, the pressure relief vents of the first and second battery cells avoid each other. Thermal runaway gas ejected from the pressure relief vent of the first battery cell can avoid the second battery cell as much as possible, and thermal runaway gas ejected from the pressure relief vent of the second battery cell can avoid the first battery cell as much as possible. This helps prevent the spread of thermal runaway gas from battery cells within the battery pack to adjacent battery cells. Furthermore, since a pressure relief space is not required between the first and second battery cells, the first and second battery cells can be arranged close to each other along the first direction.

[0032] In some embodiments, the first battery unit and the second battery unit are arranged in a first direction, and the exhaust holes are located on two opposite side walls of the box along the first direction.

[0033] The exhaust holes are located on the side walls on opposite sides of the accommodating space along the first direction. Each exhaust hole is close to the pressure relief port corresponding to the first battery unit or the pressure relief port corresponding to the second battery unit. The high-temperature gas and high-temperature particulate matter ejected from each pressure relief port can enter the exhaust flow channel and be discharged from the box through the exhaust holes as quickly as possible, reducing the retention of high-temperature gas and high-temperature particulate matter in the box.

[0034] In some embodiments, the number of first battery cells is at least two, and the direction in which at least two first battery cells are arranged in sequence and the direction in which the first battery cells and the second battery cells are arranged are cross-arranged; the number of second battery cells is at least two, and the direction in which at least two second battery cells are arranged in sequence and the direction in which the first battery cells and the second battery cells are arranged are cross-arranged.

[0035] At least two first battery cells are arranged in sequence, and at least two second battery cells are arranged in sequence. Thermal runaway gases ejected from the pressure relief vents of the sequentially arranged first battery cells can avoid, as much as possible, the top cover assemblies of the sequentially arranged second battery cells and the top cover assemblies of adjacent first battery cells among the at least two sequentially arranged first battery cells, thereby facilitating the suppression of thermal runaway of the first battery cells from spreading to adjacent first battery cells. Thermal runaway gases ejected from the pressure relief vents of the sequentially arranged second battery cells can avoid, as much as possible, the top cover assemblies of the sequentially arranged first battery cells and the top cover assemblies of adjacent second battery cells among the at least two sequentially arranged second battery cells, thereby facilitating the suppression of thermal runaway of the second battery cells from spreading to adjacent second battery cells.

[0036] In some embodiments, at least one side of the first battery cell and at least one side of the second battery cell are provided with a top cover assembly, and the battery pack also includes an insulating layer, and the space between each first battery cell and the corresponding second battery cell is filled with the insulating layer, and the insulating layer covers at least part of the top cover assembly of the first battery cell and the second battery cell, respectively.

[0037] The provision of the insulating layer, on the one hand, effectively insulates and isolates the top cover assembly of the first and second battery cells through the insulating layer. On the other hand, the thermal runaway gas generated by the battery cell experiencing thermal runaway is blocked by the insulating layer. The insulating layer effectively isolates the top cover assembly from the thermal runaway gas, thereby reducing the impact of the thermal runaway gas on the electrical components of the top cover assembly and suppressing the spread of thermal runaway within the battery pack. Furthermore, the top cover assembly of the first and second battery cells is covered by the insulating layer in the space between the first and second battery cells. The insulating layer covering the top cover assembly of the first and second battery cells and the insulating layer covering the top cover assembly of the second battery cell share the space between the first and second battery cells, which can reduce the space occupied by the insulating layer and help improve energy density.

[0038] In some embodiments, the insulating layer is made of insulating glue, which is in liquid form before filling. The liquid insulating glue can be solidified between the first battery cell and the second battery cell.

[0039] The insulating glue is in liquid form before filling. The liquid insulating glue can be poured into the space between the first battery cell and the second battery cell. The liquid insulating glue can flow well in the space between the first battery cell and the second battery cell. The flowing liquid insulating glue can be filled into various positions of the space between the first battery cell and the second battery cell as much as possible and solidified, which is conducive to better insulation between the top cover assemblies and better separation of thermal runaway gas from the top cover assembly.

[0040] In some embodiments, a top cover assembly is provided on at least one side of the first battery cell, and the top cover assembly and the pressure relief vent are located on different sides of the first battery cell.

[0041] Such an arrangement can reduce the adverse effects of high-temperature gas and high-temperature particulate matter discharged from the pressure relief port of the first battery unit on components disposed on the top cover assembly.

[0042] In some embodiments, the top cover assembly is located on one side of the first battery cell, and the pressure relief vent is located on another side of the first battery cell opposite to the top cover assembly.

[0043] The pressure relief vent is located on the other side of the first battery cell opposite to the top cover assembly. The pressure relief vent can be as far away from the top cover assembly as possible, and the thermal runaway gas ejected from the pressure relief vent can correspondingly be as far away from the top cover assembly as possible.

[0044] In some embodiments, each first battery cell includes a housing and at least one electrode assembly disposed in the housing, a pressure relief port is disposed on at least one side of the housing, and a top cover assembly is disposed on at least one side of the housing.

[0045] In some embodiments, each first battery unit includes at least one soft-pack battery cell, which includes a sealed bag and an electrode assembly disposed in the sealed bag. A battery cell cavity is formed inside the shell, and at least one soft-pack battery cell is disposed in the battery cell cavity.

[0046] In the event of thermal runaway in the soft-pack battery cell, the thermal runaway gas in the cell cavity is ejected from the pressure relief vent under the guidance of the outer shell. This allows the gas ejected from the first battery cell to be ejected in a preset direction, achieving a directional ejection of the thermal runaway gas from the first battery cell. This solves the problem of difficult-to-control ejection direction during thermal runaway in the soft-pack battery cell. This preset direction is the direction from the outer shell toward the pressure relief vent.

[0047] In some embodiments, the number of soft-pack battery cells in each first battery unit is at least two, and the top cover assembly includes a top cover and a sampling electrode and at least two transfer electrodes provided on the top cover, one transfer electrode is electrically connected to the tab of one soft-pack battery cell, and the other transfer electrode is electrically connected to the tab of another soft-pack battery cell, and the polarities of the tabs corresponding to the two transfer electrodes are opposite, and the sampling electrodes are respectively electrically connected to the tabs of the corresponding two soft-pack battery cells, and the polarities of the tabs of the corresponding two soft-pack battery cells electrically connected to the sampling electrodes are opposite.

[0048] The soft-pack cells of the first battery unit are connected in series via the sampling electrodes, and the soft-pack cells of the first battery unit are powered or charged via the adapter electrodes. The sampling electrodes connect the soft-pack cells of the first battery unit in series, and the potential of the sampling electrodes is the potential between the two soft-pack cells in series. By measuring and sampling the voltage between the sampling electrodes and the corresponding adapter electrodes, the operating status of the corresponding soft-pack cells can be identified.

[0049] In some embodiments, the housing includes: a main shell, the pressure relief port is formed in the main shell; a top cover, which is arranged together with the main shell to form a battery cell cavity, and the top cover has a flange covering the side wall of the main shell, and the gap between the flange and the side wall of the main shell is less than or equal to 0.5 mm.

[0050] There is no complete seal between the flange and the side wall of the main shell, and the gap between the flange and the side wall of the main shell is relatively appropriate, so that the resistance to the escape of thermal runaway gas from between the flange and the side wall of the main shell is relatively large, which can better suppress the thermal runaway gas from erupting toward the top cover, thereby better guiding the thermal runaway gas in the accommodation space to erupt in a directional manner from the pressure relief port.

[0051] In some embodiments, the first battery unit further includes a flame-retardant cover covering the pressure relief port, and the pressure bearing capacity of the outer shell is greater than the pressure bearing capacity of the flame-retardant cover.

[0052] The flame-retardant cover is located on the pressure relief port. The flame-retardant cover has a certain flame-retardant capability, which can reduce the possibility of the flame-retardant cover being ignited in the event of thermal runaway of the first battery cell. The flame-retardant cover is located on the pressure relief port. In the event of thermal runaway of the adjacent first battery cell, it can reduce the thermal runaway gas generated by the adjacent first battery cell from entering the battery cell cavity through the pressure relief port, which helps to suppress the spread of thermal runaway to a certain extent. In the event of thermal runaway of the first battery cell, since the pressure bearing capacity of the shell is greater than the pressure bearing capacity of the flame-retardant cover, the thermal runaway gas in the battery cell cavity first breaks through the flame-retardant cover, causing the thermal runaway gas in the battery cell cavity to erupt directionally from the pressure relief port.

[0053] In some embodiments, the flame retardant cover is made of mica.

[0054] The flame-retardant cover is made of mica, which has a certain degree of flame retardancy and is essentially non-ignitable in the event of thermal runaway of the first battery cell. A thinner mica flame-retardant cover can have a lower pressure-bearing capacity. While preventing ignition in the event of thermal runaway, the mica flame-retardant cover can also be manufactured with a structure that can withstand less pressure.

[0055] In some embodiments, the housing includes: a main housing, the pressure relief vent is formed in the main housing, and the material of the main housing is metal or plastic; a top cover, which is arranged together with the main housing to form a battery cell cavity, and the material of the top cover is plastic.

[0056] The main shell made of metal or plastic can better protect the soft-pack battery cell in the battery cell cavity, and the top cover made of plastic has good insulation performance, which is convenient for installing sampling electrodes and transfer electrodes.

[0057] In some embodiments, the flame retardant cover is formed with a through hole connected to the battery cell cavity, the first battery unit also includes a temperature regulating container partially located in the battery cell cavity, and soft-pack battery cells are arranged on one side or two opposite sides of the temperature regulating container. The temperature regulating container has a temperature regulating cavity and an inlet and an outlet respectively connected to the temperature regulating cavity. The temperature regulating container is passed through the through hole so that the inlet and the outlet are exposed outside the battery cell along the side of the outer shell facing the flame retardant cover.

[0058] The inlet and outlet of the temperature control container pass through the through hole of the flame retardant cover outside the battery cell cavity, making it convenient for the temperature control container to be connected to an external fluid source through the inlet and outlet, so that the external fluid can enter the temperature control container through the inlet and flow out through the outlet to adjust the temperature of the soft-pack battery cell.

[0059] In some embodiments, the box body includes: a main box, a storage space is formed in the main box, a first protrusion and a second protrusion are formed above the main box, and the second protrusion is located on the side of the first protrusion away from the storage space; a box cover, which covers the storage space of the main box, and the box cover has a sealing part, and the sealing part is provided between the first protrusion and the second protrusion and on the side of the second protrusion away from the first protrusion, and the sealing part is in contact and sealed with the main box along the arrangement direction of the main box and the box cover.

[0060] The cover, which covers the main box's storage space, seals the first battery cell within the storage space within the box. The cover, near the sealing portion, forms a multi-curved flow channel with the first and second protrusions of the main box. This multi-curved flow channel creates significant resistance to fluid flow, helping to prevent thermal runaway gases within the main box's storage space from escaping between the main box and the cover, resulting in a strong seal between the main box and the cover.

[0061] A second aspect of the present disclosure provides an electrical device, comprising: a device body; and the battery pack provided in the first aspect, installed in the device body to supply power to the device body.

[0062] Since the electric device includes the above-mentioned battery pack, the electric device has all the beneficial effects of the battery pack. Therefore, the electric device provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure can reduce the adverse effects caused by thermal runaway.

[0063] A third aspect of the present disclosure provides an energy storage device, comprising the battery pack provided by the first aspect, wherein the battery pack is capable of storing electrical energy and providing electrical energy.

[0064] Since the energy storage device includes the above-mentioned battery pack, the energy storage device has all the beneficial effects of the battery pack. Therefore, the energy storage device provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure can reduce the adverse effects caused by thermal runaway. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0065] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiment below. The accompanying drawings are for illustration purposes only and are not to be considered as limiting the present disclosure. The same reference numerals are used throughout the drawings to denote the same components. In the drawings:

[0066] FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery pack according to one or more embodiments, showing a box cover;

[0067] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery pack according to one or more embodiments;

[0068] FIG3 is a schematic structural diagram of a main box according to one or more embodiments;

[0069] FIG4 is a front view of a battery pack according to one or more embodiments;

[0070] FIG5 is a cross-sectional view at position AA in FIG4 ;

[0071] Figure 6 is an enlarged view of point A in Figure 5;

[0072] FIG7 is an enlarged view of point B in FIG5 ;

[0073] FIG8 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the main box structure according to one or more embodiments;

[0074] FIG9 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery module according to one or more embodiments;

[0075] FIG10 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery cell according to one or more embodiments from one perspective;

[0076] FIG11 is an exploded schematic diagram of a battery cell according to one or more embodiments;

[0077] FIG12 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery pack according to one or more embodiments, showing an insulating layer but not showing a cover;

[0078] FIG13 is a cross-sectional view of a battery pack according to one or more embodiments;

[0079] FIG14 is an enlarged view of point C in FIG13 ;

[0080] FIG15 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery cell from another perspective according to one or more embodiments;

[0081] 16 is a diagram illustrating an arrangement of a temperature regulating container and soft-pack cells in a battery unit according to one or more embodiments;

[0082] 17 is an assembly diagram of the top cover and the main housing according to one or more embodiments, showing a gap between the flange of the top cover and the side wall of the main housing;

[0083] FIG18 is a cross-sectional view of a first structure of a heat sink according to one or more embodiments;

[0084] FIG19 is an exploded structural diagram of a second structure of a heat sink according to one or more embodiments;

[0085] FIG20 is a cross-sectional view of a second structure of a heat sink according to one or more embodiments;

[0086] 21 is a cross-sectional view of a third structure of a heat sink according to one or more embodiments.

[0087] Explanation of reference numerals 1. Box body; 11. Accommodating space; 12a. First side wall; 12b. Second side wall; 121. Exhaust channel; 1211. First channel; 1212. Second channel; 12121. Channel section; 12122. Connecting hole; 122. Exhaust hole; 123. First wall; 124. Reinforcement rib; 125. Weight reduction cavity; 126. Second wall; 127. Partition; 13. Main box; 131. First protrusion; 132. Second protrusion; 14. Box cover; 141. Sealing part; 20. Battery cell; 21. Outer shell; 211. Cell cavity; 212. Pressure relief vent; 213. Main shell; 214. Top cover; 2141. Flanged edge; 22. Soft-pack cell; 2 21. Tab; 23. Top cover assembly; 231. Sampling electrode; 232. Transfer electrode; 24. Flame-retardant cover; 241. Through hole; 25. Temperature control container; 251. Inlet; 252. Outlet; 201. First battery cell; 202. Second battery cell; 3. Insulation layer; 4. Battery module; 5. Explosion-proof valve; 6. Sealing ring; 7. Insulation pad; 81. End plate; 82. Side plate; 30. Heat absorber; 31. Filling layer; 32. Packaging layer; 323. First packaging component; 3231. First packaging groove; 3232. First side; 324. Second packaging component; 3241. Second side; 325. Third packaging component; 3251. First packaging part; 3252. Second packaging part. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0088] The following embodiments of the technical solution of the present disclosure are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present disclosure and are therefore only examples and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

[0089] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present disclosure belongs; the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present disclosure; the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof in the specification and claims of the present disclosure and the above-mentioned figure descriptions are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.

[0090] In the description of the embodiments of the present disclosure, technical terms such as "first," "second," "third," "fourth," and "fifth" are used solely to distinguish different objects and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or to implicitly specify the quantity, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the technical features indicated. In the description of the embodiments of the present disclosure, "plurality" means more than two, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0091] References herein to "embodiments" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it constitute an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is understood, both explicitly and implicitly, by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0092] In the description of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the term "and / or" is simply a description of the association relationship between associated objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent three situations: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the associated objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0093] In the description of the embodiments of the present disclosure, the orientations or positional relationships indicated by technical terms such as "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", and "circumferential" are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present disclosure and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed, operated or used in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be understood as limiting the embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0094] In the description of the embodiments of the present disclosure, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, technical terms such as "installed," "connected," "connect," and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integration; mechanical connections or electrical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and can refer to internal connectivity between two components or interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present disclosure based on specific circumstances.

[0095] In the description of the embodiments of the present disclosure, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the technical term "contact" should be understood in a broad sense, and can be direct contact, contact through an intermediate medium layer, contact with essentially no interaction force between the two contacting parties, or contact with interaction force between the two contacting parties.

[0096] Hereinafter, the present disclosure will be described in detail.

[0097] Currently, new energy batteries are increasingly being used in everyday life and industry. They are not only used in energy storage systems such as hydropower, thermal power, wind power, and solar power plants, but are also widely used in electric vehicles such as electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, and electric vehicles, as well as aircraft. As the application of power batteries continues to expand, market demand is also growing.

[0098] Thermal runaway is the uncontrolled rise in battery temperature caused by heat release. Many factors can cause thermal runaway, including overheating, short circuits, overcharging, self-heating, and mechanical impact. Thermal runaway can generate large amounts of hot gases and particles, including metal particles. These particles, when ejected from the battery and exposed to oxygen, can ignite and cause flames, potentially igniting external components and potentially leading to secondary hazards.

[0099] Therefore, the industry hopes to mitigate the adverse effects of high-temperature gases and particles in the event of thermal runaway. For example, when high-temperature gases and particles are ejected outside the battery pack casing, it is hoped that the particles will not easily ignite and will minimize impact on surrounding components, further reducing the possibility of chain reactions such as thermal diffusion.

[0100] In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present disclosure provides a battery pack, comprising a box body and at least one battery cell, wherein a storage space is formed inside the box body; at least one battery cell is located in the storage space, and at least one side of the battery cell is provided with a pressure relief port for pressure relief; at least one side wall of the box body has an exhaust flow channel and an exhaust hole, the exhaust hole is located on the side of the side wall facing the storage space, the exhaust flow channel is connected to the storage space through the exhaust hole, and the side of the battery cell having the pressure relief port and the side wall of the box body having the exhaust hole are close to and opposite to each other.

[0101] Since at least one side wall of the box body has an exhaust flow channel and an exhaust hole, in the event of thermal runaway of the battery cell, the high-temperature gas and high-temperature particulate matter generated by the thermal runaway can be discharged from the battery cell through the pressure relief port and enter the exhaust flow channel through the exhaust hole on the side wall of the box body, thereby reducing the risk of high-temperature particulate matter being directly sprayed out of the box and coming into contact with oxygen and catching fire; in addition, high-temperature gas and high-temperature particulate matter will undergo heat exchange in the process of passing through the exhaust flow channel, that is, the exhaust flow channel has a cooling effect on the high-temperature gas and high-temperature particulate matter, so that even if they are discharged outside the box through the exhaust flow channel, the risk of particulate matter being sprayed out of the box and coming into contact with oxygen and catching fire can be reduced.

[0102] Moreover, for example, when the gas and particulate matter are discharged out of the box through the exhaust duct, they are not easy to scatter and spray out, so that the directional spraying of thermal runaway can be achieved, and the spraying direction of the high-temperature particulate matter generated during thermal runaway is controllable, thereby reducing the possibility of high-temperature particulate matter affecting other components and improving the reliability of the battery pack.

[0103] In addition, the side of the battery cell with the pressure relief port and the side wall of the box with the exhaust hole are close to and opposite to each other, so that the exhaust hole is close to the pressure relief port of the corresponding battery cell. The high-temperature gas and high-temperature particulate matter ejected from the pressure relief port can enter the exhaust flow channel through the exhaust hole as quickly as possible, reducing the retention of high-temperature gas and high-temperature particulate matter in the accommodation space, and reducing the impact of high-temperature gas and high-temperature particulate matter on other electrical components in the accommodation space of the box, thereby improving the reliability of the battery pack.

[0104] The battery pack provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure can be used in, but is not limited to, electrical devices, which can include, but are not limited to, mobile phones, tablets, laptops, electric toys, electric tools, battery-powered vehicles, electric cars, ships, spacecraft, etc. Among them, electric toys can include fixed or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys, and electric airplane toys, etc., and spacecraft can include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, and spacecraft, etc.

[0105] The battery pack provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure may be used in, but is not limited to, an energy storage device, and the energy storage device may be, but is not limited to, an energy storage container or an energy storage cabinet.

[0106] The number of battery cells can be multiple, and the multiple battery cells can be connected in series, parallel, or in a hybrid configuration. A hybrid configuration refers to multiple battery cells being connected both in series and in parallel. Multiple battery cells can be directly connected in series, parallel, or in a hybrid configuration to form a battery pack. Of course, multiple battery cells can first be connected in series, parallel, or in a hybrid configuration to form a battery module, and then multiple battery modules can be connected in series, parallel, or in a hybrid configuration to form a battery pack. The battery pack may also include other structures, for example, the battery pack may also include a busbar component for electrically connecting the multiple battery cells.

[0107] A battery unit includes at least one battery cell, which refers to a basic unit that can realize the mutual conversion between chemical energy and electrical energy.

[0108] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the battery cell may be a secondary battery. A secondary battery refers to a battery cell that can be continuously used by activating active materials by charging after the battery cell is discharged.

[0109] In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the battery cells may be lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, sodium-lithium-ion batteries, lithium metal batteries, sodium metal batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, magnesium-ion batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, lead-acid batteries, etc., but the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to this.

[0110] The embodiments of the present disclosure provide an electrical device including the above-mentioned battery pack for providing electrical energy. The electrical device may be, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a tablet, a laptop computer, an electric toy, an electric tool, a battery-powered vehicle, an electric car, a ship, a spacecraft, etc. The electric toy may include a fixed or mobile electric toy, such as a game console, an electric car toy, an electric ship toy, and an electric airplane toy, etc. The spacecraft may include an airplane, a rocket, a space shuttle, and a spacecraft, etc.

[0111] The electric device of the embodiment of the present disclosure includes a device body and a battery pack, and the battery pack is installed in the device body to supply power to the device body.

[0112] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, power is supplied to the device body through the battery pack, so that the device body obtains the electrical energy required to maintain normal operation.

[0113] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides an energy storage device including the above-mentioned battery pack for storing and providing electrical energy. The energy storage device may be, but is not limited to, an energy storage container or an energy storage cabinet.

[0114] Below, some embodiments of the present application are described in detail with reference to Figures 1 to 21.

[0115] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides a battery pack, as shown in Figures 1 and 2 . The battery pack includes a housing 1 and battery cells 20. Housing 1 defines a storage space 11. Battery cells 20 are located within storage space 11. There is at least one battery cell 20, and at least one side of each battery cell 20 is provided with a pressure relief vent 212 for pressure relief.

[0116] In addition, a top cover assembly 23 is provided on at least one side of the battery cell 20 . Optionally, the top cover assembly 23 and the pressure relief vent 212 may be located on different sides of the battery cell 20 .

[0117] The accommodating space 11 of the box body 1 is used to accommodate the battery unit 20 .

[0118] For example, referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , the number of the accommodating space 11 may be one.

[0119] Exemplarily, the number of the accommodating spaces 11 may be at least two.

[0120] It should be noted that the top cover assembly 23 is a part of the battery cell 20 , and each battery cell 20 is provided with a corresponding top cover assembly 23 .

[0121] The top cover assembly 23 includes a conductive structure for electrically connecting to other structures. The conductive structure is used to electrically connect the battery cells 20 to the outside, and the charging and discharging of the battery cells 20 are achieved through the conductive structure. The "other structures" herein refer to structures that are electrically connected to the outside of the corresponding battery cells 20. For example, the battery cells 20 are connected in series or in parallel via the conductive structure. Of the two battery cells 20 electrically connected via the corresponding conductive structure, the conductive structure of one battery cell 20 is the "other structure" that is electrically connected to the conductive structure of the other battery cell 20.

[0122] At least one side of the battery cell 20 is provided with a pressure relief port 212 for pressure relief. The battery cell 20 mainly relieves pressure through the pressure relief port 212 .

[0123] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, when thermal runaway occurs in the battery cell 20, the high-temperature gas and high-temperature particulate matter in the battery cell 20 are ejected from the pressure relief port 212. The top cover assembly 23 and the pressure relief port 212 are located on different sides of the battery cell 20. The thermal runaway gas ejected from the pressure relief port 212 can avoid the top cover assembly 23 as much as possible, thereby facilitating the realization of thermal and electrical separation.

[0124] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, referring to Figures 1 to 5, the battery pack includes a case 1 and at least one battery cell 20, and a storage space 11 is formed inside the case 1; at least one battery cell 20 is located in the storage space 11, and at least one battery cell 20 includes a first battery cell 201, and at least one side of the first battery cell 201 is provided with a pressure relief port 212 for pressure relief; at least one side wall of the case 1 has an exhaust channel 121 and an exhaust hole 122, and the exhaust hole 122 is located on the side of the side wall facing the storage space 11, and the exhaust channel 121 is connected to the storage space 11 through the exhaust hole 122, and the side of the first battery cell 201 having the pressure relief port 212 is close to and opposite to the side wall of the case 1 having the exhaust hole 122.

[0125] It should be noted that the side walls of the box body 1 are walls surrounding the bottom wall of the box body 1, and the bottom wall of the box body 1 is the wall supporting the battery cell 20, that is, the bottom wall of the box body 1 is located below the battery cell 20, and the side walls of the box body 1 surround the battery cell 20.

[0126] The exhaust hole 122 is used to guide the high-temperature gas and high-temperature particulate matter in the accommodating space 11 into the exhaust flow channel 121; the exhaust flow channel 121 can be connected to the outside of the box body 1, and is used to discharge the high-temperature gas and high-temperature particulate matter out of the box body 1. The exhaust flow channel 121 can also not be connected to the outside of the box body 1, and is used to gather the high-temperature gas and high-temperature particulate matter in the exhaust flow channel 121.

[0127] The side of the first battery cell 201 having the pressure relief vent 212 is located adjacent to and opposite to the side wall of the housing 1 having the vent 122. That is, the pressure relief vent 212 of the first battery cell 201 is located adjacent to the side wall of the housing 1 having the vent 122, and the pressure relief vent 212 and the vent 122 are oriented in opposite directions.

[0128] Because at least one sidewall of the housing 1 includes an exhaust channel 121 and exhaust holes 122, in the event of thermal runaway in the first battery cell 201, the high-temperature gases and particulate matter generated by this thermal runaway can be discharged from the first battery cell 201 through the pressure relief vent 212 and then enter the exhaust channel 121 through the exhaust holes 122 in the sidewall of the housing 1. This reduces the risk of high-temperature particulate matter being ejected directly from the housing 1 and subsequently coming into contact with oxygen, potentially igniting. Furthermore, in some embodiments, these ejected particles can be guided out of the housing 1 via the exhaust channel 121, thereby reducing the pressure within the battery pack housing 1 and achieving pressure relief. Furthermore, heat exchange occurs between the high-temperature gases and particulate matter as they pass through the exhaust channel 121. This means that the exhaust channel 121 cools the high-temperature gases and particulate matter. This reduces the risk of particulate matter igniting after coming into contact with oxygen, even after being ejected into the housing 1 via the exhaust channel 121. Moreover, for example, when the gas and particulate matter are guided to be discharged outside the box body 1 through the exhaust flow channel 121, the particulate matter is not easy to scatter and spray, so that the directional spraying of thermal runaway can be achieved, and the spraying direction of the high-temperature particulate matter generated during thermal runaway is controllable, thereby reducing the possibility of high-temperature particulate matter affecting other components and improving the reliability of the battery pack.

[0129] The side of the first battery cell 201 having the pressure relief port 212 and the side wall of the box body 1 having the exhaust hole 122 are close to and arranged relative to each other, so that the exhaust hole 122 is close to the position of the pressure relief port 212 corresponding to the first battery cell 201. The high-temperature gas and high-temperature particulate matter ejected from the pressure relief port 212 can enter the exhaust flow channel 121 through the exhaust hole 122 as quickly as possible, and in some embodiments, are further discharged from the box body 1, reducing the retention of high-temperature gas and high-temperature particulate matter in the accommodation space 11, reducing the impact of high-temperature gas and high-temperature particulate matter on other electrical components in the accommodation space 11 of the box body 1, thereby improving the reliability of the battery pack.

[0130] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, referring to Figures 1 to 5, the exhaust hole 122 is located on the side wall of at least one side of the box body 1 along the first direction, the battery pack also includes an explosion-proof valve 5, and the box body 1 is provided with an explosion-proof valve 5 on at least one side along the second direction. The second direction is arranged crosswise with the first direction, and the exhaust flow channel 121 is selectively connected to the outside of the box body 1 through the explosion-proof valve 5.

[0131] Crossing includes vertical crossing.

[0132] Exemplarily, referring to FIG. 2 , FIG. 3 and FIG. 5 , the first direction is the direction indicated by the arrow R1 in the figures.

[0133] Exemplarily, referring to FIG. 2 to FIG. 5 , the second direction is the direction indicated by the arrow R2 in the figures.

[0134] The exhaust flow channel 121 is selectively connected to the outside of the box body 1 through the explosion-proof valve 5. When the pressure in the exhaust flow channel 121 is lower than the valve opening pressure of the explosion-proof valve 5, the explosion-proof valve 5 blocks the connection between the exhaust flow channel 121 and the outside of the box body 1. When the pressure in the exhaust flow channel 121 is greater than or equal to the valve opening pressure of the explosion-proof valve 5, the explosion-proof valve 5 connects the exhaust flow channel 121 with the outside of the box body 1, thereby relieving pressure.

[0135] In the disclosed embodiment, since the exhaust passage 121 selectively communicates with the exterior of the housing 1 through the explosion-proof valve 5, the high-temperature gas and high-temperature particulate matter within the accommodating space 11 of the housing 1 are sequentially discharged to the exterior of the housing 1 through the exhaust holes 122, the exhaust passage 121, and the explosion-proof valve 5, thereby reducing the pressure within the accommodating space 11 of the housing 1. Since the exhaust holes 122 are located on the sidewalls of the housing 1 on opposite sides along the first direction, and the explosion-proof valve 5 is provided on one or both sides of the housing 1 along the second direction, the high-temperature gas and high-temperature particulate matter have a longer path from the exhaust holes 122 through the exhaust passage 121 to the explosion-proof valve 5. This facilitates heat exchange between the high-temperature gas and high-temperature particulate matter while passing through the exhaust passage 121, thereby cooling the high-temperature gas and high-temperature particulate matter. The high-temperature gas and high-temperature particulate matter discharged from the explosion-proof valve 5 are at a lower temperature, thereby reducing the risk of ignition of the particulate matter upon contact with oxygen after being ejected from the housing 1. Furthermore, the erupted gas and particulate matter are discharged outside the box body 1 through the exhaust flow channel 121 and the explosion-proof valve 5, and the particulate matter is not easy to scatter and erupt, thereby achieving directional eruption of thermal runaway, making the eruption direction of high-temperature particulate matter generated during thermal runaway controllable, and reducing the possibility of high-temperature particulate matter affecting other components.

[0136] It is understandable that the explosion-proof valve 5 can be arranged on one side or both sides of the box body 1 along the second direction as appropriate.

[0137] Of course, it is understandable that the location of the explosion-proof valve 5 on the side wall of the box body 1 is not limited to the above situation. For example, the explosion-proof valve 5 can also be arranged on one side or both sides of the box body 1 along the first direction.

[0138] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, referring to Figures 2 to 5 , the size of the box body 1 along the second direction is greater than the size along the first direction. That is, the length direction of the accommodating space 11 is arranged along the second direction.

[0139] In the disclosed embodiment, since the exhaust holes 122 are located on the sidewalls of the accommodating space 11 on opposite sides along the first direction, and the explosion-proof valve 5 is provided on one or both sides of the housing 1 along the second direction, the size of the housing 1 along the second direction is greater than the size along the first direction. This results in a longer sidewall of the accommodating space 11 along the first direction, which facilitates increasing the length of the exhaust flow channel 121 within the corresponding sidewall, thereby extending the exhaust path of high-temperature gas and high-temperature particulate matter, reducing the exhaust temperature of the high-temperature gas and high-temperature particulate matter, and lowering the temperature of the gas and particulate matter discharged from the explosion-proof valve 5, further reducing the risk of particulate matter igniting after coming into contact with oxygen after being ejected from the housing 1. Furthermore, more exhaust holes 122 can be formed on the sidewalls on opposite sides along the first direction, allowing for the arrangement of more battery cells 20 corresponding to each exhaust hole 122, thereby increasing the total energy capacity of the battery pack.

[0140] It can be understood that the directions R1 and R2 in the figure are only exemplary, and the length direction of the box body 1 can also be marked as R1, and the width direction of the box body 1 can be marked as R2.

[0141] Of course, it is understandable that the length direction of the box body 1 is not limited to the second direction. In some other embodiments, the size of the box body 1 along the first direction may be greater than the size along the second direction.

[0142] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, referring to Figures 3 and 5, the side walls of the box body 1 include two first side walls 12a opposite to each other along a first direction and two second side walls 12b opposite to each other along a second direction, the exhaust channel 121 includes a first channel 1211 and a second channel 1212 connected to each other, the first channel 1211 is formed on at least one first side wall 12a, the exhaust hole 122 is formed on the first side wall 12a and connected to the first channel 1211, the second channel 1212 is formed on at least one second side wall 12b, the explosion-proof valve 5 is provided on the second side wall 12b, and the second channel 1212 is selectively connected to the outside of the box body 1 through the explosion-proof valve 5.

[0143] In the disclosed embodiment, gas and particulate matter entering through the exhaust hole 122 first pass through the first flow channel 1211 of the first side wall 12a and into the second flow channel 1212 of the second side wall 12b. When the air pressure in the second flow channel 1212 reaches the opening pressure of the explosion-proof valve 5, the explosion-proof valve 5 opens, and the gas and particulate matter in the second flow channel 1212 are discharged through the explosion-proof valve 5. This provides a longer exhaust path for the exhaust flow channel 121, lowering the exhaust temperature of high-temperature gas and particulate matter. This results in a lower temperature for the gas and particulate matter discharged from the explosion-proof valve 5, further reducing the risk of particulate matter igniting after coming into contact with oxygen outside the housing 1. Furthermore, the first and second flow channels 1211, 1212 are formed in the side wall of the housing 1, eliminating the need for internal storage space 11 within the housing 1. This improves the volumetric efficiency, energy density, and total energy of the battery pack. Furthermore, since the exhaust flow channel 121 is integrated into the side wall of the housing 1, the number of components is reduced, improving assembly efficiency.

[0144] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, referring to Figures 6 and 7, the first side wall 12a includes two first walls 123 arranged opposite to each other along a first direction, the exhaust hole 122 is formed in the first wall 123 close to the accommodating space 11, and the first flow channel 1211 is formed between the two first walls 123.

[0145] In this way, a first flow channel 1211 is formed in the first side wall 12a, thereby forming an exhaust flow channel 121, which can cool the high-temperature gas and high-temperature particulate matter, thereby reducing the risk of fire caused by the particulate matter being sprayed out of the box 1 and contacting oxygen.

[0146] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, referring to Figures 6 and 7, the first side wall 12a also includes a reinforcing rib 124, at least part of which is located between the two first wall bodies 123, and the reinforcing rib 124 and the two first wall bodies 123 respectively form a mutually isolated first flow channel 1211 and a weight reduction cavity 125, and the weight reduction cavity 125 is located on the side of the first flow channel 1211 away from the accommodating space 11.

[0147] It should be noted that the dotted arrows in Figures 6, 7 and 8 indicate the discharge paths of thermal runaway gases and particulate matter.

[0148] For example, referring to FIG6 and FIG7 , the reinforcing rib 124 is in the shape of a plate.

[0149] In the disclosed embodiment, exhaust holes 122 are formed in the first wall 123 adjacent to the storage space 11. High-temperature gas and particulate matter within the storage space 11 enter the first flow channel 1211 through the exhaust holes 122. Reinforcement ribs 124 and the two first walls 123 form, respectively, the isolated first flow channel 1211 and a weight-reducing cavity 125. The weight-reducing cavity 125 is located on the side of the exhaust flow channel 121 facing away from the storage space 11. The reinforcement ribs 124 enhance the overall strength of the storage space 11, while the weight-reducing cavity 125 reduces the weight of the first sidewall 12a. Given sufficient strength, the weight-reducing cavity 125 contributes to improving the energy density of the battery pack. Located on the side of the exhaust flow channel 121 facing away from the storage space 11, the weight-reducing cavity 125 is relatively far from the storage space 11, while the exhaust flow channel 121 is relatively close to the storage space 11. This facilitates communication between the exhaust flow channel 121 and the exhaust holes 122 adjacent to the storage space 11, thereby receiving the high-temperature gas and particulate matter within the storage space 11.

[0150] Of course, it is understandable that the specific structure of the side wall of the box body 1 is not limited to the above situation. In some other embodiments, the side wall of the box body 1 may also include two first walls 123 arranged opposite to each other along the first direction, and no reinforcing ribs are arranged between the two first walls 123.

[0151] Exemplarily, the first sidewall 12a further includes a first top wall and a first bottom wall connected between the two first walls 123. The first top wall and the first bottom wall are disposed opposite each other along a third direction. The first, second, and third directions intersect (e.g., intersect perpendicularly). The first top wall and the first bottom wall respectively close the openings between the two first walls 123 along the third direction. The first bottom wall is disposed relative to the first top wall, closer to the bottom wall of the box body 1. The reinforcing ribs 124 are connected to the first top wall and the first bottom wall at their respective ends along the third direction. Please refer to FIG. 9 , where the third direction is indicated by arrow R3.

[0152] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, referring to Figures 6 and 7, the second side wall 12b includes two second walls 126 arranged opposite to each other along the second direction. The second wall 126 away from the accommodating space 11 is provided with an explosion-proof valve 5, and the second flow channel 1212 is formed between the two second walls 126.

[0153] In this way, a second flow channel 1212 is formed in the second side wall 12b, thereby forming an exhaust flow channel 121, which can cool the high-temperature gas and high-temperature particulate matter, thereby reducing the risk of fire caused by the particulate matter being sprayed out of the box 1 and contacting oxygen.

[0154] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, referring to Figures 6 and 7, the second side wall 12b also includes at least one partition 127 arranged between the two second wall bodies 126, and the at least one partition 127 divides the second flow channel 1212 formed between the two second wall bodies 126 into at least two flow channel sections 12121 arranged in sequence along the second direction, each flow channel section 12121 extends along the first direction, and the partition 127 is arranged between the flow channel sections 12121 adjacent to each other along the second direction, and the flow channel sections 12121 adjacent to each other along the second direction are connected. In this way, the gas and particulate matter entering the second side wall 12b from the first flow channel 1211 first enter a flow channel section 12121, and enter the adjacent flow channel section 12121 under the guidance of the flow channel section 12121. Since the flow channel section 12121 extends along the first direction and each flow channel section 12121 is arranged in sequence along the second direction, the setting of multiple flow channel sections 12121 is conducive to extending the flow path of the second flow channel 1212, thereby reducing the temperature of high-temperature gas and high-temperature particulate matter, so that the temperature of the gas and particulate matter discharged from the explosion-proof valve 5 is lower, thereby further reducing the risk of fire after the particulate matter is sprayed out of the box body 1 and comes into contact with oxygen.

[0155] Exemplarily, the second side wall 12b also includes a second top wall and a second bottom wall connected between the two second wall bodies 126, the second top wall and the second bottom wall are arranged opposite to each other along the third direction, the second top wall and the second bottom wall respectively close the openings at both ends along the third direction between the two second wall bodies 126, the second bottom wall is arranged relative to the second top wall close to the bottom wall of the box body 1, and the partition 127 is respectively connected to the second top wall and the second bottom wall at both ends along the third direction.

[0156] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, referring to Figures 6 and 7, a plurality of partitions 127 are arranged in sequence along the second direction, and flow channel sections 12121 are formed between adjacent partitions 127. Adjacent flow channel sections 12121 are connected by connecting holes 12122, and adjacent connecting holes 12122 are staggered in the second direction.

[0157] Adjacent communicating holes 12122 are staggered in the second direction, meaning that adjacent communicating holes 12122 are not opposite each other in the second direction. That is, adjacent communicating holes 12122 are spaced apart in the first direction. In other words, within the same projection plane perpendicular to the second direction, the projections of adjacent communicating holes 12122 do not overlap, and within the same projection plane perpendicular to the third direction, the projections of adjacent communicating holes 12122 do not overlap. The first, second, and third directions intersect (e.g., intersect perpendicularly). Consequently, after high-temperature gas and particulate matter enter flow channel segment 12121 from one communicating hole 12122, they must move a certain distance in the first direction before entering the adjacent communicating hole 12122 and, subsequently, the adjacent flow channel segment 12121.

[0158] Exemplarily, the communicating hole 12122 may be formed by a through hole penetrating the plate body of the partition 127 , or may be formed by a gap between the partition 127 and the reinforcing rib 124 .

[0159] For example, to extend the flow channel, a first communication hole 12122 may be arranged at a position farther from the communication opening between the second flow channel 1212 and the first flow channel 1211. Then, a second communication hole 12122 may be arranged at a position farther from the first communication hole 12122 along the first direction, and so on. A winding flow path may be formed in the second flow channel 1212 by using multiple communication holes 12122.

[0160] This arrangement allows the gas and particulate matter entering flow channel section 12121 to move along the first direction. When they reach the connecting hole 12122 of the partition 127, they enter the adjacent flow channel section 12121 along the second direction through the connecting hole 12122, and then move along the first direction again. In this way, the second flow channel 1212 forms a labyrinthine, folded exhaust passage. While the dimension of the second side wall 12b along the first direction remains constant, the flow path is longer, thereby reducing the temperature of the high-temperature gas and high-temperature particulate matter. This lowers the temperature of the gas and particulate matter discharged from the explosion-proof valve 5, further reducing the risk of fire caused by the particulate matter being ejected from the housing 1 and coming into contact with oxygen. In addition, because the flow time of the ejected gas and particulate matter in the second flow channel is prolonged by arranging the partition 127 between the two second walls 126, it is less likely that the space occupied by the second flow channel 1212 will increase due to the extension of the flow channel, thereby facilitating a reduction in the volume of the housing 1.

[0161] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, referring to Figures 6 to 8, the two ends of the second wall 126 close to the accommodating space 11 along the first direction are respectively connected to the first wall 123 of the two first side walls 12a close to the accommodating space 11, and the two ends of the second wall 126 away from the accommodating space 11 along the first direction are respectively connected to the two reinforcing ribs 124; the second side wall 12b further includes at least one partition 127, which is provided between the two second walls 126 and forms a second flow channel between the two second walls 126. The channel 1212 is divided into at least two flow channel sections 12121 arranged in sequence along the second direction, each flow channel section 12121 extends along the first direction, and the partition 127 is arranged between the flow channel sections 12121 adjacent to each other along the second direction. One end of the partition 127 along the first direction is connected to the reinforcement rib 124 of one first side wall 12a, and the other end is spaced from the reinforcement rib 124 of the other first side wall 12a to form a connecting hole 12122. The flow channel sections 12121 adjacent to each other along the second direction are connected through the connecting hole 12122.

[0162] Here, a communication hole 12122 is formed by the gap between the partition 127 and the reinforcing rib 124. The size of the gap can be set according to specific circumstances. It is understood that along the third direction, the ends of the partition 127 are respectively connected to the second top wall and second bottom wall of the second side wall 12b, which are opposite to each other along the third direction, thereby allowing gas to flow through each flow channel segment 12121 in sequence along the first direction.

[0163] Gas and particulate matter enter from one end of flow channel segment 12121 along the first direction, and upon moving to the other end along the first direction, enter the adjacent flow channel segment 12121 through connecting hole 12122. This maximizes the movement path of gas and particulate matter within flow channel segment 12121, further extending the flow path of second flow channel 1212. This reduces the temperature of high-temperature gas and particulate matter, resulting in a lower temperature for gas and particulate matter discharged from explosion-proof valve 5, further reducing the risk of fire caused by particulate matter being ejected from housing 1 and coming into contact with oxygen. Furthermore, forming connecting holes 12122 through the spacing between partition 127 and reinforcing rib 124 not only facilitates the formation of staggered connecting holes 12122, simplifying assembly steps, but also helps to reduce the weight of housing 1 and, ultimately, the battery pack as a whole.

[0164] For example, referring to Figures 6 to 8 , the second sidewall 12b includes two partitions 127. The two partitions 127 and the two second walls 126 form three flow channel segments 12121. For ease of understanding, the two sides of the housing 1 along the first direction are referred to as the first side and the second side, respectively. From the side closest to the accommodating space 11 to the side further away from the accommodating space 11, the two partitions 127 are referred to as the first partition 127 and the second partition 127, respectively. The three flow channel segments 12121 are referred to as the first flow channel segment 12121, the second flow channel segment 12121, and the third flow channel segment 12121, respectively. One end of the first partition plate 127 close to the first side is connected to the reinforcing rib 124 of the first side wall 12a close to the first side, and there is a gap between the one end of the first partition plate 127 close to the second side and the reinforcing rib 124 of the first side wall 12a close to the second side to form a connecting hole 12122. One end of the second partition plate 127 close to the first side is connected to the reinforcing rib 124 of the first side wall 12a close to the second side to form a connecting hole 12122. In this way, the high-temperature gas and high-temperature particulate matter in the first flow channel 1211 of the first side wall 12a close to the first side enter the first flow channel section 12121 and move along the first direction toward the second side. After moving to the end, they enter the second flow channel section 12121 through the connecting hole 12122 here, and then move along the first direction toward the first side in the second flow channel section 12121. After moving to the end, they enter the third flow channel section 12121 through the connecting hole 12122 here, and then move to each explosion-proof valve 5 in the third flow channel section 12121 and be discharged. Most of the high-temperature gas and high-temperature particulate matter in the first flow channel 1211 of the first side wall 12a close to the second side will directly enter the second flow channel section 12121 through the connecting hole 12122 provided on the second side of the first partition 127, and then move along the first direction toward the first side in the second flow channel section 12121. After moving to the end, they enter the third flow channel section 12121 through the connecting hole 12122 here, and then move along the third flow channel section 12121 to each explosion-proof valve 5 and be discharged.

[0165] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, referring to Figures 2, 6 and 7, the battery pack further includes a sealing ring 6, which is sandwiched between a side of the first battery cell 201 having a pressure relief port 212 and a side wall of the box body 1 having a vent 122, and the sealing ring 6 surrounds the pressure relief port 212 and the vent 122.

[0166] The sealing ring 6 has a certain elasticity. When the sealing ring 6 is clamped between the side of the first battery cell 201 having the pressure relief port 212 and the side wall of the box body 1 having the exhaust hole 122, the sealing ring 6 is elastically compressed, and basically airtightness is not allowed between the sealing ring 6 and the first battery cell 201 and between the sealing ring 6 and the side wall of the box body 1.

[0167] By setting the sealing ring 6, the path of high-temperature gas and high-temperature particulate matter from the pressure relief port 212 to the exhaust hole 122 is sealed and isolated from other areas of the accommodation space 11, reducing the probability of high-temperature gas and high-temperature particulate matter diffusing to other areas of the accommodation space 11, thereby reducing the impact of high-temperature gas and high-temperature particulate matter on other battery cells 20 and other electrical components in the accommodation space 11, thereby improving the reliability of the battery pack.

[0168] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, referring to FIG. 9 , at least two battery cells 20 are arranged in sequence within a housing 1 to form a battery module 4. A thermal insulation pad 7 is provided between adjacent battery cells 20. Along the arrangement direction of the battery cells 20, an end plate 81 is provided on the side of the first battery cell 20 facing away from the second battery cell 20, and on the side of the penultimate battery cell 20 facing away from the penultimate battery cell 20. Two side plates 82 are connected between the two end plates 81. The two side plates 82 are respectively provided on opposite sides of the arranged battery cells 20. The side plates 82 face the battery cells 20, the pressure relief vents 212 face the battery cells 20, and the end plates 81 face the battery cells 20. These three plates are arranged in pairs, crossing each other. In this way, the side plates 82 and the end plates 81 restrict expansion of the battery cells 20.

[0169] For example, the thermal insulation pad 7 is bonded to the battery cells 20 disposed on both sides of the thermal insulation pad 7 , and the end plate 81 is bonded to the battery cells 20 close to the end plate 81 . The end plate 81 is welded to the side plate 82 .

[0170] Illustratively, at least two first battery units 201 are arranged along the second direction to form a battery module 4 . In the battery module 4 , the pressure relief ports 212 of the first battery units 201 face the same direction.

[0171] Illustratively, a pressure relief port 212 is provided on one side of the first battery cell 201 along the first direction, the first battery cells 201 in the battery module 4 are arranged along the second direction, and the two side plates 82 are arranged opposite to each other along the third direction, please refer to Figure 9, the third direction is the direction indicated by the arrow R3 in the figure.

[0172] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, referring to Figures 10 and 11, each first battery cell 201 includes a shell 21 and at least one electrode assembly disposed in the shell 21, a pressure relief port 212 is provided on at least one side of the shell 21, and a top cover assembly 23 is provided on at least one side of the shell 21.

[0173] The electrode assembly includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator, which is located between the negative and positive electrodes. During the charge and discharge process of the battery cell, active ions (such as lithium ions) are embedded and released back and forth between the positive and negative electrodes. The separator is placed between the positive and negative electrodes to prevent short circuits between the positive and negative electrodes while allowing active ions to pass through. The electrode assembly can be a wound structure, a laminated structure, or a hybrid of a wound and laminated structure.

[0174] In some embodiments, the electrode assembly is a wound structure, wherein the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet are wound into a wound structure.

[0175] In some embodiments, the electrode assembly is a laminate structure.

[0176] As an example, multiple positive electrode sheets and multiple negative electrode sheets can be provided respectively, and the multiple positive electrode sheets and the multiple negative electrode sheets can be alternately stacked.

[0177] As an example, multiple positive electrode sheets may be provided, and the negative electrode sheet is folded to form multiple stacked folded segments, with a positive electrode sheet sandwiched between adjacent folded segments.

[0178] As an example, both the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet are folded to form a plurality of stacked folded segments.

[0179] As an example, multiple separators may be provided, each of which is provided between any adjacent positive electrode sheets or negative electrode sheets.

[0180] As an example, the separator may be provided continuously, and may be provided between any adjacent positive electrode sheets or negative electrode sheets by folding or winding.

[0181] In some embodiments, the shape of the electrode assembly can be cylindrical, flat, or polygonal.

[0182] In some embodiments, the electrode assembly is provided with tabs that can conduct current from the electrode assembly. The tabs include a positive electrode tab and a negative electrode tab.

[0183] The housing 21 may be a steel housing, an aluminum housing, a plastic housing (such as polypropylene), a composite metal housing (such as a copper-aluminum composite housing), etc. In some embodiments, the housing 21 may be a sealed structure or a non-sealed structure.

[0184] As an example, when the outer shell 21 is a non-sealed structure, the outer shell 21 plays a role in protecting the electrode assembly. A sealing bag is also included between the outer shell 21 and the electrode assembly, and the sealing bag is used to encapsulate the electrode assembly and the electrolyte. Specifically, the sealing bag can be a bag-shaped insulating member or an aluminum-plastic film. In this example, the sealing bag and the electrode assembly and electrolyte encapsulated in the sealing bag form a soft-pack battery cell 22. The soft-pack battery cell 22 is a type of battery cell, and the soft-pack battery cell 22 is accommodated in the outer shell 21. In other words, in such an embodiment, at least one battery cell (soft-pack battery cell) is assembled with the outer shell 21 and the top cover assembly 23 to form a battery unit.

[0185] As an example, when the outer shell 21 is a sealed structure, it is used to enclose components such as the electrode assembly and electrolyte. In this example, the outer shell 21, the top cover assembly 23, and the electrode assembly and electrolyte encapsulated within the outer shell 21 form a hard-shell battery cell, which is a type of battery cell. In other words, in this embodiment, the battery cell itself becomes a battery unit.

[0186] The top cover assembly 23 and the pressure relief port 212 are located on different sides of the housing 21. Alternatively, the top cover assembly 23 and the pressure relief port 212 may be located on opposite sides of the housing 21. Alternatively, the direction of the housing 21 toward the pressure relief port 212 and the direction of the housing 21 toward the top cover assembly 23 may be arranged crosswise.

[0187] A pressure relief port 212 for pressure relief is provided on at least one side of the housing 21 . The housing 21 mainly relieves pressure through the pressure relief port 212 , and the gas in the cell cavity 211 is guided by the housing 21 to be discharged from the pressure relief port 212 .

[0188] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, referring to Figures 10 and 11, each first battery unit 201 includes at least one soft-pack battery cell 22, the soft-pack battery cell 22 includes a sealed bag and an electrode assembly disposed in the sealed bag, a battery cell cavity 211 is formed inside the outer shell 21, and at least one soft-pack battery cell 22 is disposed in the battery cell cavity 211.

[0189] The sealing bag can be a bag-shaped insulating member or an aluminum-plastic film. Exemplarily, the sealing bag is an aluminum-plastic film.

[0190] The battery cell cavity 211 is a cavity in the housing 21 for accommodating the soft-pack battery cell 22 .

[0191] It needs to be explained that the top cover assembly 23 includes a conductive structure for electrically connecting to other structures. Specifically, the conductive structure of the top cover assembly 23 is electrically connected to the tab 221 of the soft-pack battery cell 22 in the outer shell 21. The soft-pack battery cell 22 in the battery cell 20 can be powered to the outside through the conductive structure of the top cover assembly 23, and can also be charged to the soft-pack battery cell 22 of the corresponding battery cell 20 through the conductive structure of the top cover assembly 23.

[0192] In the disclosed embodiment, if thermal runaway occurs in the soft-pack battery cell 22, the thermal runaway gas within the cell cavity 211 is ejected from the pressure relief vent 212 under the guidance of the outer shell 21. This allows the gas ejected from the battery cell 20 during thermal runaway to be ejected in a predetermined direction, achieving a directional ejection of the thermal runaway gas from the battery cell 20. This resolves the issue of difficult-to-control ejection direction during thermal runaway of the soft-pack battery cell. This predetermined direction is the direction from the outer shell 21 toward the pressure relief vent 212.

[0193] Furthermore, the gas and particulate matter ejected from the pressure relief port 212 can enter the exhaust duct 121 through the exhaust holes 122 in the side wall of the housing 1. Guided by the exhaust duct 121, they are discharged outside the housing 1, achieving pressure relief. Heat exchange occurs between the high-temperature gas and particulate matter as they pass through the exhaust duct 121. That is, the exhaust duct 121 cools the gas and particulate matter, resulting in a lower temperature for the particulate matter discharged from the housing 1. This reduces the risk of fire from the particulate matter coming into contact with oxygen after being ejected from the housing 1. Furthermore, by guiding the gas and particulate matter out of the housing 1 through the exhaust duct 121, the particulate matter is less likely to scatter and erupt, thereby achieving directional eruption in the event of thermal runaway. This makes the eruption direction of the high-temperature particulate matter generated during thermal runaway controllable, reduces the possibility of the high-temperature particulate matter affecting other components, and improves the reliability of the battery pack.

[0194] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, a top cover assembly 23 is provided on at least one side of the first battery unit 201 , and the top cover assembly 23 and the pressure relief vent 212 are located on different sides of the first battery unit 201 .

[0195] Such a configuration can reduce the adverse effects of high-temperature gas and high-temperature particulate matter discharged from the pressure relief port 212 of the first battery unit 201 on components disposed on the top cover assembly 23 .

[0196] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, referring to Figures 2, 5, 9 and 10, the top cover assembly 23 is located on one side of the first battery unit 201, and the pressure relief port 212 is located on the other side of the first battery unit 201 opposite to the top cover assembly 23.

[0197] Exemplarily, the top cover assembly 23 is located on one side of the housing 21 , and the pressure relief port 212 is located on the other side of the housing 21 opposite to the top cover assembly 23 .

[0198] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the pressure relief vent 212 is located on the other side of the first battery cell 201 opposite to the top cover assembly 23. The pressure relief vent 212 can be as far away from the top cover assembly 23 as possible, and the thermal runaway gas ejected from the pressure relief vent 212 can correspondingly be as far away from the top cover assembly 23 as possible.

[0199] Of course, it is understandable that the position arrangement of the pressure relief port 212 is not limited to the above situation. For example, the direction of the housing 21 toward the pressure relief port 212 and the direction of the housing 21 toward the top cover assembly 23 can be arranged crosswise.

[0200] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, referring to Figures 10 and 11, the number of soft-pack battery cells 22 in each first battery unit 201 is at least two, and the top cover assembly 23 includes a top cover 214 and a sampling electrode 231 and at least two switching electrodes 232 provided on the top cover 214, wherein one switching electrode 232 is electrically connected to the tab 221 of one of the soft-pack battery cells 22, and the other switching electrode 232 is electrically connected to the tab 221 of the other soft-pack battery cell 22, and the polarities of the tabs 221 corresponding to the two switching electrodes 232 are opposite, and the sampling electrode 231 is electrically connected to the tabs 221 of the corresponding two soft-pack battery cells 22, respectively, and the polarities of the tabs 221 of the corresponding two soft-pack battery cells 22 electrically connected to the sampling electrode 231 are opposite.

[0201] It can be understood that the sampling electrode 231 and the at least two transfer electrodes 232 are the conductive structures of the top cover assembly 23 .

[0202] The tabs 221 corresponding to at least two of the transition electrodes 232 have opposite polarities, with one of the transition electrodes 232 having a positive polarity and the other having a negative polarity. The pouch cells 22 of the first battery unit 201 can be powered externally via the transition electrodes 232 and can be charged via the transition electrodes 232.

[0203] The sampling electrodes 231 are electrically connected to the tabs 221 of the two corresponding soft-packed battery cells 22, and the polarity of the tabs 221 of the two corresponding soft-packed battery cells 22 electrically connected to the sampling electrodes 231 is opposite. Each sampling electrode 231 is electrically connected to the positive tab 221 of one soft-packed battery cell 22 and the negative tab 221 of the other soft-packed battery cell 22, and the soft-packed battery cells 22 of the first battery unit 201 are connected in series through the sampling electrodes 231.

[0204] Exemplarily, referring to FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 , the switching electrode 232 and the sampling electrode 231 are both bars.

[0205] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the soft-pack cells 22 of the first battery unit 201 are connected in series through the sampling electrode 231, and the soft-pack cells 22 of the first battery unit 201 are powered or charged through the adapter electrode 232. The sampling electrode 231 connects the soft-pack cells 22 of the first battery unit 201 in series. The potential of the sampling electrode 231 is the potential between the two soft-pack cells 22 in series. By measuring and sampling the voltage between the sampling electrode 231 and the corresponding adapter electrode 232, the working status of the corresponding soft-pack cell 22 can be identified. Since the top cover assembly 23 and the pressure relief port 212 are located on different sides of the outer shell 21, the thermal runaway gas ejected from the pressure relief port 212 can avoid the adapter electrode 232 and the sampling electrode 231 as much as possible.

[0206] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, referring to FIG. 2 , at least one battery cell 20 further includes a second battery cell 202. A pressure relief vent 212 for pressure relief is provided on at least one side of the second battery cell 202. The side of the first battery cell 201 with the pressure relief vent 212 and the side of the second battery cell 202 with the pressure relief vent 212 are spaced apart from and disposed opposite each other. That is, the pressure relief vent 212 of the first battery cell 201 is located on a side of the first battery cell 201 facing away from the second battery cell 202, and the pressure relief vent 212 of the second battery cell 202 is located on a side of the second battery cell 202 facing away from the first battery cell 201.

[0207] In the disclosed embodiment, the side of the first battery cell 201 having the pressure relief vent 212 and the side of the second battery cell 202 having the pressure relief vent 212 are spaced apart from each other and disposed opposite each other. Therefore, the pressure relief vent 212 of the first battery cell 201 and the pressure relief vent 212 of the second battery cell 202 are spaced as far away from each other as possible. Thermal runaway gas ejected from the pressure relief vent 212 of the first battery cell 201 can avoid the second battery cell 202 as much as possible, and thermal runaway gas ejected from the pressure relief vent 212 of the second battery cell 202 can avoid the first battery cell 201 as much as possible. This helps prevent thermal runaway of the battery cells 20 within the battery pack from spreading to adjacent battery cells 20. Furthermore, since a pressure relief space is not required between the first battery cell 201 and the second battery cell 202, the first battery cell 201 and the second battery cell 202 can be disposed close to each other along the first direction.

[0208] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, referring to Figure 2, at least one side of the first battery cell 201 and at least one side of the second battery cell 202 are each provided with a top cover assembly 23, at least one side of the first battery cell 201 and at least one side of the second battery cell 202 are each provided with a pressure relief vent 212, the top cover assembly 23 and the pressure relief vent 212 of the first battery cell 201 are respectively located on opposite sides of the first battery cell 201, the top cover assembly 23 and the pressure relief vent 212 of the second battery cell 202 are respectively located on opposite sides of the second battery cell 202, and the side of the first battery cell 201 with the top cover assembly 23 and the side of the second battery cell 202 with the top cover assembly 23 are close to and opposite to each other.

[0209] It should be noted that the side of the first battery cell 201 having the top cover assembly 23 and the side of the second battery cell 202 having the top cover assembly 23 are close to each other and arranged opposite to each other. In the arrangement direction of the first battery cell 201 and the second battery cell 202, a certain distance is separated between the first battery cell 201 and the second battery cell 202, thereby reducing the possibility of short circuit between the top cover assembly 23 of the first battery cell 201 and the top cover assembly 23 of the second battery cell 202 that are close to each other.

[0210] In this way, the pressure relief vent 212 of the first battery cell 201 and the pressure relief vent 212 of the second battery cell 202 can avoid the space between the first battery cell 201 and the second battery cell 202 as much as possible, and the thermal runaway gas ejected from the pressure relief vent 212 of the first battery cell 201 can avoid the top cover assembly 23 of the second battery cell 202 as much as possible, and the thermal runaway gas ejected from the pressure relief vent 212 of the second battery cell 202 can avoid the top cover assembly 23 of the first battery cell 201 as much as possible, which is beneficial to suppress the thermal runaway of the battery cell 20 in the battery pack from spreading to the top cover assembly 23 of the adjacent battery cell 20, thereby reducing the adverse effects on the top cover assembly 23 of the adjacent battery cell 20.

[0211] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, referring to FIG. 12 , at least one side of the first battery cell 201 and at least one side of the second battery cell 202 are provided with a top cover assembly 23, and the battery pack further includes an insulating layer 3, and the space between each first battery cell 201 and the corresponding second battery cell 202 is filled with the insulating layer 3, and the insulating layer 3 covers at least part of the top cover assembly 23 of the first battery cell 201 and the second battery cell 202, respectively.

[0212] Exemplarily, the insulating layer 3 fully covers the sampling electrode 231 and the transfer electrode 232 of the first battery cell 201 and the second battery cell 202. The insulating layer 3 may fully cover the top cover assembly 23 of the first battery cell 201 and the second battery cell 202, or the insulating layer 3 may fully cover the sampling electrode 231 and the transfer electrode 232 of the first battery cell 201 and the second battery cell 202, but only cover part of the top cover 214 of the first battery cell 201 and the second battery cell 202.

[0213] The material of the insulating layer 3 is almost non-conductive.

[0214] In the disclosed embodiment, the top cover assembly 23 of the first battery cell 201 and the second battery cell 202 is covered by the insulating layer 3 within the space between the first battery cell 201 and the second battery cell 202. This effectively insulates and isolates the top cover assembly 23 of the first battery cell 201 and the second battery cell 202 through the insulating layer 3. Furthermore, the thermal runaway gas generated by the battery cell 20 experiencing thermal runaway is blocked by the insulating layer 3. This effectively isolates the top cover assembly 23 from the thermal runaway gas, thereby suppressing the spread of thermal runaway within the battery pack. Furthermore, the top cover assembly 23 of the first battery cell 201 and the second battery cell 202 is covered by the insulating layer 3 within the space between the first battery cell 201 and the second battery cell 202. The insulating layer 3 covering the top cover assembly 23 of the first battery cell 201 and the insulating layer 3 covering the top cover assembly 23 of the second battery cell 202 share the space between the first battery cell 201 and the second battery cell 202, thereby reducing the space occupied by the insulating layer 3 and improving energy density.

[0215] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, referring to FIG. 12 , the insulating layer 3 is made of insulating glue. The insulating glue is in liquid form before filling. The liquid insulating glue can solidify between the first battery unit 201 and the second battery unit 202 .

[0216] The liquid insulating glue can be solidified between the first battery cell 201 and the second battery cell 202 , which means that the liquid insulating glue between the first battery cell 201 and the second battery cell 202 can be converted into a solid state and remain in the solid state at normal temperature and pressure.

[0217] Illustratively, the insulating glue may be, but is not limited to, insulating resin.

[0218] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the insulating glue is in liquid form before filling, and the liquid insulating glue can be poured into the space between the first battery cell 201 and the second battery cell 202. The liquid insulating glue can flow well in the space between the first battery cell 201 and the second battery cell 202. The flowing liquid insulating glue can be filled into various positions of the space between the first battery cell 201 and the second battery cell 202 as much as possible and solidified, which is conducive to better insulation between the top cover components 23 and better separation of the thermal runaway gas from the top cover component 23.

[0219] It is understandable that the material of the insulating layer 3 is not limited. For example, the material of the insulating layer 3 can always be in a solid state.

[0220] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, referring to Figures 2 and 12, the number of first battery cells 201 is at least two, and the direction in which at least two first battery cells 201 are arranged in sequence and the direction in which the first battery cells 201 and the second battery cells 202 are arranged are cross-arranged; the number of second battery cells 202 is at least two, and the direction in which at least two second battery cells 202 are arranged in sequence and the direction in which the first battery cells 201 and the second battery cells 202 are arranged are cross-arranged.

[0221] For example, referring to FIG. 12 , the arrangement direction of the first battery unit 201 and the second battery unit 202 is a first direction.

[0222] Exemplarily, referring to FIG. 12 , the direction in which at least two first battery units 201 are sequentially arranged is perpendicular to the first direction.

[0223] For example, referring to FIG. 12 , the direction in which at least two second battery units 202 are sequentially arranged is perpendicular to the first direction.

[0224] Exemplarily, referring to FIG. 12 , at least two first battery cells 201 constitute a corresponding battery module 4 , and at least two first battery cells 201 in the same corresponding battery module 4 are arranged in sequence along the second direction.

[0225] For example, referring to FIG. 12 , at least two second battery cells 202 form a corresponding battery module 4 , and at least two second battery cells 202 in the same corresponding battery module 4 are arranged in sequence along the second direction.

[0226] For example, referring to Figures 2 and 12, two battery modules 4 are shown, one of which is primarily composed of twelve first battery cells 201 arranged in sequence, and the other is primarily composed of twelve second battery cells 202 arranged in sequence. The direction in which the twelve first battery cells 201 are arranged in sequence is approximately parallel to the direction in which the twelfth second battery cell 202 is arranged in sequence. The direction in which the first battery cells 201 and the second battery cells 202 are arranged is approximately perpendicular to the direction in which the twelve first battery cells 201 are arranged in sequence. The direction in which the first battery cells 201 and the second battery cells 202 are arranged is approximately perpendicular to the direction in which the twelve second battery cells 202 are arranged in sequence. The top cover assemblies 23 of the twelve first battery cells 201 are all located on the side of the outer shell 21 of the corresponding first battery cell 201 facing the corresponding second battery cell 202, the top cover assemblies 23 of the twelve second battery cells 202 are all located on the side of the outer shell 21 of the corresponding second battery cell 202 facing the corresponding first battery cell 201, the pressure relief ports 212 of the twelve first battery cells 201 are all located on the side of the outer shell 21 of the corresponding first battery cell 201 away from the corresponding second battery cell 202, and the pressure relief ports 212 of the twelve second battery cells 202 are all located on the side of the outer shell 21 of the corresponding second battery cell 202 away from the corresponding first battery cell 201.

[0227] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, at least two first battery cells 201 are arranged in sequence, and at least two second battery cells 202 are arranged in sequence. Since the side of the first battery cell 201 having the top cover assembly 23 and the side of the second battery cell 202 having the top cover assembly 23 are close to each other and arranged opposite to each other, the thermal runaway gas ejected from the pressure relief port 212 of the first battery cells 201 arranged in sequence can avoid the top cover assembly 23 of the second battery cells 202 arranged in sequence as much as possible, and can also avoid the top cover assembly 23 of the adjacent first battery cell 201 among the at least two first battery cells 201 arranged in sequence as much as possible, which is beneficial to suppress the thermal runaway of the first battery cell 201 from spreading to the adjacent first battery cell 201. The thermal runaway gas ejected from the pressure relief port 212 of the second battery cells 202 arranged in sequence can avoid the top cover assembly 23 of the first battery cells 201 arranged in sequence as much as possible, and can also avoid the top cover assembly 23 of the adjacent second battery cells 202 among at least two second battery cells 202 arranged in sequence as much as possible, which is beneficial to suppress the thermal runaway of the second battery cell 202 from spreading to the adjacent second battery cell 202.

[0228] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, referring to FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 , the first battery unit 201 and the second battery unit 202 are arranged in a first direction, and the exhaust holes 122 are located on two opposite side walls of the box body 1 along the first direction.

[0229] In the disclosed embodiment, the exhaust holes 122 are located on the sidewalls of the accommodating space 11 on opposite sides along the first direction. Each exhaust hole 122 is located relatively close to the pressure relief port 212 of the corresponding first battery cell 201 or the pressure relief port 212 of the corresponding second battery cell 202. This allows the high-temperature gas and high-temperature particulate matter ejected from each pressure relief port 212 to enter the exhaust flow channel 121 and be discharged from the housing 1 as quickly as possible through the exhaust holes 122, thereby reducing the retention of the high-temperature gas and high-temperature particulate matter within the housing 1. The exhaust holes 122 are located on the sidewalls of the accommodating space 11 on opposite sides along the first direction. Because the sidewalls of the accommodating space 11 on opposite sides along the first direction face away from the top cover assembly 23 of the corresponding battery cell 20, the high-temperature gas and high-temperature particulate matter within the accommodating space 11 are discharged through the exhaust holes 122 located on the sidewalls of the accommodating space 11 on opposite sides along the first direction. This facilitates directing the high-temperature gas and high-temperature particulate matter away from the corresponding top cover assembly 23, thereby suppressing the spread of thermal runaway within the battery pack.

[0230] Of course, it is understandable that the location of the exhaust holes 122 is not limited to the two side walls of the box body 1 opposite to each other along the first direction. In other embodiments, the exhaust holes 122 can also be located on the two side walls of the box body 1 opposite to each other along the second direction.

[0231] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the structure of the second battery unit 202 is the same as that of the first battery unit 201. Specifically, each second battery unit 202 includes a housing 21 and at least one electrode assembly disposed within the housing 21. A pressure relief vent 212 is disposed on at least one side of the housing 21, and a top cover assembly 23 is disposed on at least one side of the housing 21.

[0232] More specifically, each second battery unit 202 includes at least one soft-pack battery cell 22, which includes a sealed bag and an electrode assembly arranged in the sealed bag. A battery cell cavity 211 is formed inside the outer shell 21, and at least one soft-pack battery cell 22 is arranged in the battery cell cavity 211.

[0233] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, referring to Figures 1 to 5, and Figures 13 and 14, the box body 1 includes a main box 13 and a box cover 14, the accommodating space 11 is formed in the main box 13, and a first protrusion 131 and a second protrusion 132 are formed above the main box 13, and the second protrusion 132 is located on the side of the first protrusion 131 away from the accommodating space 11; the box cover 14 covers the accommodating space 11 of the main box 13, and the box cover 14 has a sealing portion 141, and the sealing portion 141 is provided between the first protrusion 131 and the second protrusion 132 and on the side of the second protrusion 132 away from the first protrusion 131, and the sealing portion 141 is in contact and sealed with the main box 13 along the arrangement direction of the main box 13 and the box cover 14.

[0234] Exemplarily, referring to FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 , the exhaust hole 122 and the exhaust flow channel 121 are formed on the side wall of the main box 13 .

[0235] For example, referring to FIG4 and FIG5 , the explosion-proof valve 5 is installed on the main box 13 .

[0236] For example, referring to FIG. 2 and FIG. 4 , the arrangement direction of the main box 13 and the box cover 14 is the third direction.

[0237] Exemplarily, the first protrusion 131 and the second protrusion 132 are arranged to extend along the circumference of the accommodation space 11 .

[0238] In the disclosed embodiment, a case cover 14 covers the storage space 11 of the main case 13, thereby sealing the battery cells 20 within the storage space 11 within the case body 1. The case cover 14, near the sealing portion 141, forms a multi-curved flow channel structure with the first protrusion 131 and the second protrusion of the main case 13. This multi-curved flow channel structure creates greater resistance to fluid flow, which helps prevent thermal runaway gases within the storage space 11 of the main case 13 from escaping from between the main case 13 and the case cover 14, thereby achieving a good seal between the main case 13 and the case cover 14.

[0239] Of course, it is understandable that the specific structure of the box body 1 is not limited to the above. In other embodiments, the first protrusion 131 and the second protrusion 132 may not be provided above the main box 13, and the top of the main box 13 may be a plane.

[0240] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, referring to Figures 10, 11, 15 and 16, the first battery unit 201 further includes a flame retardant cover 24 covering the pressure relief port 212, and the pressure bearing capacity of the outer shell 21 is greater than that of the flame retardant cover 24.

[0241] Exemplarily, the first battery unit 201 and the second battery unit 202 both include a flame-retardant cover 24 covering the pressure relief port 212 , and the pressure bearing capacity of the housing 21 is greater than that of the flame-retardant cover 24 .

[0242] Pressure bearing capacity refers to the ability to withstand fluid pressure.

[0243] The relative size of the pressure bearing capacity can be measured by filling gas into the outer shell 21. Specifically, because the flame retardant cover 24 is provided on the pressure relief port 212, the outer shell 21 and the flame retardant cover 24 basically seal the battery cell cavity 211. When gas is filled into the battery cell cavity 211, the gas pressure in the battery cell cavity 211 continuously increases, and the gas pressure borne by the outer shell 21 and the flame retardant cover 24 continuously increases. In the process of continuously filling the battery cell cavity 211 with gas, the flame retardant cover 24 is damaged before the outer shell 21, that is, the pressure bearing capacity of the flame retardant cover 24 is less than that of the outer shell 21, and the pressure bearing capacity of the outer shell 21 is greater than that of the flame retardant cover 24.

[0244] The flame-retardant cover 24 has a certain flame-retardant capability. In the event of thermal runaway of the battery cell 20 , the flame-retardant cover 24 may be deformed due to the high temperature, but will basically not be ignited.

[0245] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the flame retardant cover 24 is provided on the pressure relief port 212. The flame retardant cover 24 has a certain flame retardant ability, which can reduce the possibility of the flame retardant cover 24 being ignited in the event of thermal runaway of the battery cell to a certain extent. The flame retardant cover 24 is provided on the pressure relief port 212. In the event of thermal runaway of the adjacent battery cell 20, it can reduce the thermal runaway gas generated by the adjacent battery cell 20 from entering the battery cell cavity 211 through the pressure relief port 212, which is beneficial to suppress the spread of thermal runaway to a certain extent. In the event of thermal runaway of the battery cell 20, since the pressure bearing capacity of the outer shell 21 is greater than the pressure bearing capacity of the flame retardant cover 24, the thermal runaway gas in the battery cell cavity 211 first breaks through the flame retardant cover 24, causing the thermal runaway gas in the battery cell cavity 211 to be directionally ejected from the pressure relief port 212.

[0246] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, referring to FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 , the flame retardant cover 24 is made of mica.

[0247] Illustratively, the flame retardant cover 24 may be mica paper.

[0248] Illustratively, the flame retardant cover 24 is mica paper.

[0249] Exemplarily, the mica paper is bonded to the housing 21 .

[0250] In the disclosed embodiment, the flame-retardant cover 24 is made of mica, which has a certain degree of flame retardancy and is essentially immune to ignition in the event of thermal runaway of the battery cell 20. A thinner mica flame-retardant cover 24 can have a lower pressure-bearing capacity. While preventing ignition in the event of thermal runaway, the mica flame-retardant cover 24 can also be manufactured with a lower pressure-bearing capacity.

[0251] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, referring to Figures 10 and 11 , the housing 21 includes a main housing 213 and a top cover 214 . A pressure relief vent 212 is formed in the main housing 213 . The top cover 214 and the main housing 213 enclose a cell cavity 211 . A sampling electrode 231 and a transfer electrode 232 are disposed on the top cover 214 .

[0252] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, before the top cover 214 is installed on the main shell 213, the sampling electrode 231 and the adapter electrode 232 on the top cover 214 can be electrically connected to the tab 221 of the soft-pack battery cell 22, and then the connected top cover 214, sampling electrode 231, adapter electrode 232 and soft-pack battery cell 22 are installed to the main shell 213, so as to facilitate the connection of the sampling electrode 231, adapter electrode 232 and soft-pack battery cell 22 before inserting the shell.

[0253] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, referring to FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 , the main housing 213 is made of metal or plastic, and the top cover 214 is made of plastic.

[0254] Exemplarily, the main shell 213 is made of metal, and the wall thickness of the main shell 213 is 0.1 mm to 1 mm.

[0255] Illustratively, the wall thickness of the main shell 213 may be 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.8 mm, or 1 mm.

[0256] Exemplarily, the main shell 213 is made of plastic, is an integrally formed structure, and has a wall thickness of 1 mm to 3 mm.

[0257] Illustratively, the wall thickness of the main shell 213 may be 1 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.5 mm, 1.8 mm, 2 mm, 2.3 mm, 2.6 mm, 2.9 mm, or 3 mm.

[0258] In the disclosed embodiment, the main shell 213 made of metal or plastic can better protect the soft-pack battery cell 22 in the battery cell cavity 211 , and the top cover 214 made of plastic has good insulation performance, which is convenient for installing the sampling electrode 231 and the transfer electrode 232 .

[0259] It is understandable that the materials of the outer shell 21 and the flame retardant cover 24 can be set according to actual needs.

[0260] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the ignition point of the flame retardant cover 24 and the ignition point of the housing 21 are both greater than or equal to 800°C.

[0261] For example, the ignition point of the flame retardant cover 24 may be 800° C., 810° C., 860° C., 900° C., or the like.

[0262] For example, the ignition point of the flame retardant cover 24 can be measured by heating the flame retardant cover 24 to a state where the flame retardant cover 24 just burns.

[0263] For example, the ignition point of the shell 21 can be measured by heating the shell 21 to a state where the shell 21 is just burning.

[0264] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the ignition points of the flame retardant cover 24 and the outer shell 21 are relatively high, and the flame retardant cover 24 and the outer shell 21 will not be basically ignited even under the influence of thermal runaway gas at a relatively high temperature.

[0265] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, referring to FIG. 17 , the top cover 214 has a flange 2141 covering the side wall of the main shell 213 , and a gap between the flange 2141 and the side wall of the main shell 213 is less than or equal to 0.5 mm.

[0266] Exemplarily, the gap between the flange 2141 and the side wall of the main shell 213 may be 0.5 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.2 mm or 0.1 mm.

[0267] For example, before the top cover 214 is installed into the main shell 213 but before the top cover 214 is connected to the main shell 213, the dimension between the flange 2141 and the side wall of the main shell 213 can be measured by a feeler gauge, a vernier caliper or a micrometer.

[0268] For example, the span of the flange 2141 of the top cover 214 and the corresponding span of the main shell 213 can be measured separately by a vernier caliper or a micrometer, and half of the difference between the two is the gap between the top cover 214 and the main shell 213.

[0269] For example, referring to FIG17 , the gap between the flange 2141 and the side wall of the main shell 213 is D1, and D1 ≤ 0.5 mm. D1 can be, but is not limited to, 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, 1.4 mm, or 0.5 mm.

[0270] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, there is no complete seal between the flange 2141 and the side wall of the main shell 213, and the gap between the flange 2141 and the side wall of the main shell 213 is relatively appropriate, so that the resistance to the escape of thermal runaway gas from between the flange 2141 and the side wall of the main shell 213 is relatively large, which can better suppress the thermal runaway gas from erupting toward the top cover 214, thereby better guiding the thermal runaway gas in the accommodating space 11 to erupt in a directional manner from the pressure relief port 212.

[0271] It is understandable that there may be no gap between the main shell 213 and the top cover 214 , and the main shell 213 and the top cover 214 may be completely sealed.

[0272] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, referring to Figures 15 and 16, the flame-retardant cover 24 is formed with a through hole 241 connected to the battery cell cavity 211, and the first battery unit 201 also includes a temperature control container 25 partially located in the battery cell cavity 211, and soft-pack battery cells 22 are arranged on one side or two opposite sides of the temperature control container 25. The temperature control container 25 has a temperature control cavity and an inlet 251 and an outlet 252 respectively connected to the temperature control cavity. The temperature control container 25 is penetrated by the through hole 241 so that the inlet 251 and the outlet 252 are exposed outside the soft-pack battery cell 22 along the side of the outer shell 21 toward the flame-retardant cover 24.

[0273] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, referring to Figures 15 and 16, the flame-retardant cover 24 is formed with a through hole 241 connected to the battery cell cavity 211, and the second battery unit 202 also includes a temperature control container 25 partially located in the battery cell cavity 211, and soft-pack battery cells 22 are arranged on one side or two opposite sides of the temperature control container 25. The temperature control container 25 has a temperature control cavity and an inlet 251 and an outlet 252 respectively connected to the temperature control cavity. The temperature control container 25 is penetrated by the through hole 241 so that the inlet 251 and the outlet 252 are exposed outside the soft-pack battery cell 22 along the side of the outer shell 21 toward the flame-retardant cover 24.

[0274] For example, referring to FIG. 11 , soft-pack battery cells 22 are provided on two opposite sides of the temperature-regulating container 25 , with two soft-pack battery cells 22 on each side.

[0275] Exemplarily, referring to FIG. 11 , the two soft-pack battery cells 22 on each side are connected in series via corresponding sampling electrodes 231 , and the two soft-pack battery cells 22 on each side are powered or charged via corresponding two transfer electrodes 232 .

[0276] For example, referring to FIG. 16 , the number of soft-pack battery cells 22 on each side may be one.

[0277] Exemplarily, the number of the soft-pack battery cell 22 on each side may be one, and the soft-pack battery cells 22 on both sides may be connected in series via corresponding sampling electrodes 231 .

[0278] Exemplarily, referring to FIG. 16 , the temperature regulating container 25 and the corresponding side soft-pack battery cells 22 are arranged along a preset direction, and the preset direction is perpendicular to the surface of the soft-pack battery cells 22 with the largest area.

[0279] Exemplarily, referring to FIG. 16 , the preset direction is the direction indicated by the arrow R4 in the figure.

[0280] In the disclosed embodiment, the inlet 251 and outlet 252 of the temperature-regulating container 25 extend outside the cell cavity 211 through the through-hole 241 of the flame-retardant cover 24. This facilitates connecting the temperature-regulating container 25 to an external fluid source through the inlet 251 and outlet 252, allowing external fluid to enter the temperature-regulating container 25 through the inlet 251 and flow out through the outlet 252, thereby regulating the temperature of the soft-pack battery cell 22 so that the soft-pack battery cell 22 can undergo charge and discharge cycles in an appropriate temperature environment. The inlet 251 and outlet 252 of the temperature-regulating container 25 extend outside the cell cavity 211 through the through-hole 241 of the flame-retardant cover 24, and the through-hole 241 does not need to be sealed, which helps simplify the structure of the battery unit 20.

[0281] For example, the container wall of the temperature regulating container 25 can be made of a material that can be broken when the soft-pack battery cell 22 has thermal runaway, so as to play a certain cooling effect when thermal runaway occurs.

[0282] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, referring to FIG. 14 , a heat absorbing element 30 is disposed in the exhaust flow channel 121 .

[0283] Exemplarily, the heat absorbing element 30 is disposed on the inner wall of the exhaust flow channel 121 .

[0284] The heat absorbing member 30 refers to a component that can absorb heat from high-temperature gas and high-temperature particulate matter that comes into contact with it. The heat absorbing member 30 is connected to any position of the inner wall of the exhaust flow channel 121. The connection method between the heat absorbing member 30 and the inner wall of the exhaust flow channel 121 can be any fixed connection method, such as welding, bolt connection, bonding, etc., which are not listed one by one in this embodiment.

[0285] By providing the heat absorbing member 30 , the temperature of the high-temperature gas and the high-temperature particulate matter can be further reduced, thereby further reducing the adverse effects caused by thermal runaway.

[0286] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, a heat absorbing member 30 is disposed in the first flow channel 1211 of the first side wall 12a. For example, the heat absorbing member 30 is connected to a surface of the reinforcing rib 124 of the first side wall 12a that faces the first flow channel 1211.

[0287] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, a heat absorbing element 30 is disposed in the second flow channel 1212 of the second side wall 12 b.

[0288] Exemplarily, a surface of the second wall 126 of the second side wall 12b facing the flow channel section 12121 is connected to a heat absorber 30. A heat absorber 30 is connected to at least one of two opposite surfaces of the partition 127 of the second side wall 12b.

[0289] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, referring to FIG. 18 , a heat sink 30 includes a filling layer 31 and an encapsulation layer 32 surrounding the filling layer 31. The filling layer 31 is made of a heat-absorbing material. The filling layer 31 can be a liquid or solid material. When the filling layer 31 is a liquid material, it can be water or a common coolant. When the filling layer 31 is a solid material, it can be one or more of paraffin wax, fatty acids, and inorganic salts with a phase transition temperature between 30°C and 80°C. The encapsulation layer 32 can be made of a thermally conductive solid material, such as silicone or polyurethane with a thermal conductivity greater than 0.2 W / mK. Designing the heat sink 30 with an internal filling layer 31 and an external encapsulation layer 32 protects the filling layer 31, maintains the structural stability of the filling layer 31, and reduces the loss and evaporation of the heat-absorbing material. When the battery cell 20 is depressurized, the jet of high-temperature gas and high-temperature particulate matter can penetrate the encapsulation layer 32 and then exchange heat with the filling layer 31 to reduce the temperature.

[0290] Referring to Figures 18 and 19 , in some embodiments of the present disclosure, the filling layer 31 includes a phase-change heat sink that vaporizes upon heating. The phase-change heat sink is made of a phase-change heat sink material. The filling layer 31 can be entirely made of the phase-change heat sink material, or partially made of the phase-change heat sink material and partially made of another heat sink material.

[0291] A phase-change endothermic material is a material that vaporizes after absorbing heat. It can include water or a coolant containing water. When the phase-change endothermic material is a liquid material, it is necessary to add a coagulant or other additive to the liquid to improve the stability of the phase-change material. Of course, the phase-change endothermic material of this embodiment can also be a solid material such as paraffin, in which case the addition of a coagulant is unnecessary. Filling layer 31 is designed to at least partially comprise a phase-change endothermic component. When the battery cell 20 is depressurized, the phase-change endothermic component absorbs heat and vaporizes, thereby rapidly reducing the temperature of the high-temperature gas and particles. Furthermore, the vaporized endothermic component 30 does not affect the discharge of gas and particles through the side walls of the housing 1.

[0292] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, referring to Figures 18 to 20, the packaging layer 32 includes a first packaging part 323 and a second packaging part 324 connected to each other, and a first packaging groove 3231 for accommodating at least a portion of the filling layer 31 is provided on a side of the first packaging part 323 facing the second packaging part 324, and / or a second packaging groove for accommodating at least a portion of the filling layer 31 is provided on a side of the second packaging part 324 facing the first package 323.

[0293] The above technical solution includes three implementation methods. The first is that a first packaging groove 3231 is provided on the side of the first package 323 facing the second package 324. The first packaging groove 3231 and the second package 324 form a cavity for accommodating the filling layer 31. The second is that a second packaging groove is provided on the side of the second package 324 facing the first package 323. The second packaging groove and the first package 323 form a cavity for accommodating the filling layer 31. The third is that a first packaging groove 3231 is provided on the side of the first package 323 facing the second package 324. A second packaging groove is provided on the side of the second package 324 facing the first package 323. The first packaging groove 3231 and the second packaging groove together form a cavity for accommodating the filling layer 31. Since the second packaging groove has a similar or identical structure to the first packaging groove 3231 and is located on the back side of the second package 324 in FIG. 19 , this embodiment only illustrates the first packaging groove 3231 in the drawings, and does not identify the second packaging groove.

[0294] The encapsulation layer 32 can form a closed cavity through the above design, which can better protect the filling layer 31. The volume of the cavity inside the encapsulation layer 32 can be equal to or slightly larger than the volume of the filling layer 31. This embodiment does not impose too many restrictions on this.

[0295] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, referring to Figures 19 and 20, the first package member 323 has a first side 3232 surrounding the first package slot 3231, and the second package member 324 has a second side 3241 surrounding the second package slot. The first side 3232 and the second side 3241 are connected. The first side 3232 forms a frame structure surrounding the first package slot 3231, and the second side 3241 forms a frame structure surrounding the second package slot. For example, in the case where the openings of the first package slot 3231 and the second package slot are rectangular, the first side 3232 and the second side 3241 in this embodiment form a rectangular frame structure.

[0296] The surface of the first side 3232 facing the second package 324 is perpendicular to the depth direction of the first package groove 3231, and the surface of the second side 3241 facing the first package 323 is perpendicular to the depth direction of the second package groove, so that the first side 3232 and the second side 3241 can fit together to achieve a sealed connection. The first side 3232 and the second side 3241 can be connected by welding, hot melt connection or bonding, etc., which are not listed in detail in this embodiment. By configuring the first side 3232 and the second side 3241, the connection between the first package 323 and the second package 324 can be facilitated, and the connection area between the two can be increased, thereby improving the stability of the connection between the two.

[0297] In some embodiments of the present disclosure, referring to FIG. 21 , the encapsulation layer 32 includes a third encapsulation member 325. The third encapsulation member 325 is folded to form a first encapsulation portion 3251 and a second encapsulation portion 3252. The first encapsulation portion 3251 and the second encapsulation portion 3252 are enclosed and connected to form a space for accommodating the filling layer 31. The third encapsulation member 325 can be made of the same or different materials as the first encapsulation member 323 and the second encapsulation member 324. For example, the third encapsulation member 325 can be made of plastic or other polymeric materials that can be melted by heating.

[0298] The third packaging part 325 can be a film layer structure. During processing, the third packaging part 325 is folded to form a first packaging part 3251 and a second packaging part 3252. The first packaging part 3251 and the second packaging part 3252 jointly wrap the filling layer 31, thereby forming a space to accommodate the filling layer 31. Then, the edges of the first packaging part 3251 and the second packaging part 3252 are connected by bonding, welding, hot melting, etc., thereby achieving sealing of the filling layer 31.

[0299] The embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a battery module 4, please refer to Figures 2, 9 and 12, the battery module 4 includes at least two battery cells 20 arranged in sequence, each battery cell 20 includes an outer shell 21 and at least one soft-pack battery cell 22, a battery cell cavity 211 is formed inside the outer shell 21, at least one soft-pack battery cell 22 is arranged in the battery cell cavity 211, at least one side of the outer shell 21 is provided with a top cover assembly 23, at least one side of the outer shell 21 is provided with a pressure relief port 212 for pressure relief, the top cover assembly 23 and the pressure relief port 212 are located on different sides of the outer shell 21, the top cover assemblies 23 of the at least two battery cells 20 arranged in sequence have the same orientation, and in the at least two battery cells 20 arranged in sequence, the orientation of the top cover assembly 23 is arranged crosswise with the direction in which the at least two battery cells 20 are arranged in sequence.

[0300] For example, referring to FIG. 2 , FIG. 9 and FIG. 12 , in at least two battery cells 20 arranged in sequence, the orientation of the top cover assembly 23 is perpendicular to the direction in which the at least two battery cells 20 are arranged in sequence.

[0301] For example, referring to FIG. 2 and FIG. 12 , the top cover assemblies 23 of the first battery cells 201 in the same battery module 4 all face the corresponding second battery cells 202 .

[0302] For example, referring to FIG. 2 and FIG. 12 , the top cover assemblies 23 of the second battery cells 202 in the same battery module 4 all face the corresponding first battery cells 201 .

[0303] For example, please refer to FIG. 12 , which shows two battery modules 4 .

[0304] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the number of battery cells 20 in the battery module 4 is at least two. Since the top cover assembly 23 and the pressure relief port 212 are located on different sides of the outer shell 21, and the top cover assemblies 23 of at least two battery cells arranged in sequence have the same orientation, in the at least two battery cells 20 arranged in sequence, the orientation of the top cover assembly 23 is arranged crosswise with the direction in which at least two battery cells 20 are arranged in sequence, so that the pressure relief port 212 of each battery cell 20 in the battery module 4 can avoid the top cover assembly 23 of each battery cell 20, reducing the possibility that the thermal runaway gas ejected from the pressure relief port 212 of any battery cell 20 will short-circuit the top cover assembly 23 of the adjacent battery cell 20, thereby facilitating the thermal runaway of the battery cell 20 from spreading to the adjacent battery cell 20.

[0305] An embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a battery cell 20, please refer to Figures 10 and 11, the battery cell 20 includes a shell 21 and at least one soft-pack battery cell 22, a battery cell cavity 211 is formed inside the shell 21, at least one soft-pack battery cell 22 is arranged in the battery cell cavity 211, at least one side of the shell 21 is provided with a top cover assembly 23 for electrical connection to other structures, at least one side of the shell 21 is provided with a pressure relief port 212 for pressure relief, and the top cover assembly 23 and the pressure relief port 212 are located on different sides of the shell 21.

[0306] In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the top cover assembly 23 and the pressure relief vent 212 are located on different sides of the outer shell 21, so that the pressure relief vent 212 of the battery cell 20 can be away from the top cover assembly 23. When at least two battery cells 20 are arranged in sequence and the top cover assemblies 23 of at least two battery cells 20 arranged in sequence are oriented in the same direction, the pressure relief vent 212 of at least two battery cells 20 arranged in sequence can avoid the top cover assemblies 23 of each battery cell 20, and the thermal runaway gas ejected from the pressure relief vent 212 can be as far away from the top cover assembly 23 of the adjacent battery cell 20 as possible, reducing the possibility of short-circuiting the top cover assembly 23 of the adjacent battery cell 20, thereby suppressing the possibility of thermal runaway of the battery cell 20 spreading to the adjacent battery cell 20.

[0307] Specific examples of some embodiments of the present disclosure are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0308] As a specific example, a battery pack is provided, please refer to Figures 1 to 21. The battery pack includes a case 1 and at least one battery cell 20 arranged in the case 1. The battery cell 20 includes an outer shell 21 and at least one soft-pack battery cell 22 arranged in the outer shell 21. The outer shell 21 includes a main shell 213 and a top cover 214. A pressure relief vent 212 is formed in the main shell 213, and the top cover 214 and the main shell 213 are arranged to form a battery cell cavity 211. The sampling electrode 231 and the transfer electrode 232 are arranged on the top cover 214. The pressure relief vent 212 is arranged on one side of the outer shell 21 along the first direction, and the sampling electrode 231 and the transfer electrode 232 are arranged on the other side of the outer shell 21 along the first direction. The side walls of the housing 1 include two first side walls 12a that oppose each other along a first direction and two second side walls 12b that oppose each other along a second direction, the second direction being arranged intersecting the first direction. A vent 122 is formed on the side of the first side wall 12a that faces the accommodating space 11. The vent 122 faces the pressure relief port 212. A sealing ring 6 is clamped between the side of the housing 21 with the pressure relief port 212 and the side wall of the housing 1 with the vent 122. The sealing ring 6 surrounds the pressure relief port 212 and the vent 122. A first flow channel 1211 communicating with the vent 122 is formed within the first side wall 12a. A second flow channel 1212 communicating with the first flow channel 1211 is formed within the second side wall 12b. An explosion-proof valve 5 is provided on the side of the second side wall 12b that faces away from the accommodating space 11. The second flow channel 1212 selectively communicates with the exterior of the housing 1 through the explosion-proof valve 5. The first side wall 12a includes two first wall bodies 123 arranged opposite to each other along the first direction and a reinforcing rib 124 located at least partially between the two first wall bodies 123. The exhaust hole 122 is formed in the first wall body 123 close to the accommodating space 11; the reinforcing rib 124 and the two first wall bodies 123 respectively form a first flow channel 1211 and a weight reduction cavity 125 isolated from each other. The weight reduction cavity 125 is located on the side of the first flow channel 1211 away from the accommodating space 11.The second side wall 12b includes two second walls 126 arranged opposite to each other along the second direction and two partitions 127 arranged between the two second walls 126. The two ends of the second wall 126 close to the accommodating space 11 along the first direction are respectively connected to the first wall 123 close to the accommodating space 11 of the two first side walls 12a, and the two ends of the second wall 126 away from the accommodating space 11 along the first direction are respectively connected to the two reinforcing ribs 124. The second wall 126 away from the accommodating space 11 is provided with an explosion-proof valve 5; the two partitions 127 are located between the two second walls 126. The two partitions 127, the reinforcing ribs 124 of the two first side walls 12a and the two A second flow channel 1212 is formed between the second walls 126. The second flow channel 1212 includes three flow channel sections 12121 arranged in sequence along the second direction. Each flow channel section 12121 extends along the first direction. A partition 127 is provided between adjacent flow channel sections 12121 along the second direction. Adjacent flow channel sections 12121 along the second direction are connected. One end of the partition 127 along the first direction is connected to the reinforcement rib 124 of one first side wall 12a, and the other end is spaced apart from the reinforcement rib 124 of another first side wall 12a to form a connecting hole 12122. Adjacent flow channel sections 12121 are connected via the connecting hole 12122. The dimension of the first side wall 12a along the second direction is greater than the dimension of the second side wall 12b along the first direction. The pressure relief port 212 of the outer shell 21 is covered with a flame retardant cover 24. The pressure bearing capacity of the outer shell 21 is greater than that of the flame retardant cover 24. The flame-retardant cover 24 is made of mica. The top cover 214 of the battery cell 20, the main shell 213, and the mica paper serving as the flame-retardant cover 24 do not need to be completely sealed. They only need to be able to guide the thermal runaway gas in the cell cavity 211 to erupt from the pressure relief vent 212. The space enclosed by the main shell 213, the top cover 214, and the flame-retardant cover 24 contains a soft-pack battery cell 22. The number of battery cells is at least two, at least one of which is a first battery cell 201 and at least one of which is a second battery cell 202. The side of the first battery cell 201 having the top cover assembly 23 (including the top cover 214 and the sampling electrode 231 and the transfer electrode 232 provided on the top cover 214) and the side of the second battery cell 202 having the top cover assembly 23 are close to and opposite to each other. The space between each first battery cell 201 and the corresponding second battery cell 202 is filled with an insulating layer 3, which covers the top cover assemblies 23 of the first battery cell 201 and the second battery cell 202, respectively. The insulating layer 3 is made of insulating glue, which is in liquid form before being filled. The liquid insulating glue can be solidified between the first battery unit 201 and the second battery unit 202 .There are at least two first battery cells 201, and at least two first battery cells 201 form a corresponding battery module 4. The at least two first battery cells 201 in the same battery module 4 are arranged in sequence. There are at least two second battery cells 202, and at least two second battery cells 202 form a corresponding battery module 4. The at least two second battery cells 202 in the same battery module 4 are arranged in sequence. The housing 1 includes a main housing 13 and a housing cover 14. A storage space 11 is formed in the main housing 13. A first protrusion 131 and a second protrusion 132 are formed above the main housing 13. The second protrusion 132 is located on the side of the first protrusion 131 facing away from the storage space 11. The lid 14 covers the storage space 11 of the main box 13. It has a sealing portion 141. Seals 141 are provided between the first protrusion 131 and the second protrusion 132, as well as on the side of the second protrusion 132 facing away from the first protrusion 131. The sealing portion 141 forms a seal with the box body 1 along the alignment of the main box 13 and the lid 14. Sealant can be filled between the sealing portion 141 and the main box 13 to improve the seal between the main box 13 and the lid 14. The sampling electrode 231 and the transfer electrode 232 mounted on the top cover 214 are formed of a bar sheet. The first and second battery cells 201, 202 are aligned in a first direction. The sidewalls of the storage space 11 of the box body 1 can be made of aluminum or magnesium extrusions. The bottom panels of the lid 14 and the main box 13 can be made of sheet metal, composite materials, or carbon fiber.

[0309] An embodiment of the present disclosure further provides an electrical device, which includes a device body and the above-mentioned battery pack, wherein the battery pack is installed in the device body to supply power to the device body.

[0310] Since the electrical device includes the above-mentioned battery pack, the electrical device has all the beneficial effects of the battery pack. Therefore, the electrical device provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure reduces the risk of fire caused by particulate matter being ejected from the battery pack and coming into contact with oxygen.

[0311] An embodiment of the present disclosure further provides an energy storage device, which includes the above-mentioned battery pack, and the battery pack can store electrical energy and provide electrical energy.

[0312] Since the energy storage device includes the above-mentioned battery pack, the energy storage device has all the beneficial effects of the battery pack. Therefore, the energy storage device provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure reduces the risk of fire caused by particulate matter being ejected from the battery pack and coming into contact with oxygen.

[0313] The above embodiments are intended only to illustrate the technical solutions of the present disclosure, and are not intended to limit them. Although the present disclosure has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they may modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. Such modifications or replacements do not deviate from the essence of the corresponding technical solutions and are intended to be included within the scope of the present disclosure. In particular, the various technical features described in the various embodiments may be combined in any manner as long as there are no structural conflicts.

Claims

1. A battery pack comprising: The box body forms a receiving space inside; A first battery unit is located in the accommodation space, and a pressure relief port for pressure relief is provided on at least one side of the first battery unit; In which, at least one side wall of the box body has an exhaust channel and an exhaust hole, the exhaust hole is located on the side of the side wall facing the accommodating space, the exhaust channel is connected with the accommodating space through the exhaust hole, and the side of the first battery unit having the pressure relief port is close to and opposite to the side wall of the box body having the exhaust hole.

2. The battery pack according to claim 1, wherein: The exhaust hole is located on the side wall of at least one side of the box along the first direction, The battery pack further includes an explosion-proof valve, which is provided on at least one side of the box along a second direction, the second direction being arranged to intersect the first direction, and the exhaust flow channel is selectively connected to the outside of the box through the explosion-proof valve.

3. The battery pack according to claim 2, wherein: The side walls of the box include two first side walls opposite to each other along the first direction and two second side walls opposite to each other along the second direction. The exhaust flow channel includes a first flow channel and a second flow channel that are connected to each other, the first flow channel is formed on at least one of the first side walls, the exhaust hole is formed on the first side wall and is connected to the first flow channel, the second flow channel is formed on at least one of the second side walls, the explosion-proof valve is provided on the second side wall, and the second flow channel is selectively connected to the outside of the box through the explosion-proof valve.

4. The battery pack according to claim 3, wherein: The first side wall comprises: Two first walls are arranged opposite to each other along the first direction, the exhaust hole is formed in the first wall close to the accommodating space, and the first flow channel is formed between the two first walls.

5. The battery pack according to claim 4, wherein: The first side wall also includes a reinforcing rib, at least part of which is located between the two first walls. The reinforcing rib and the two first walls respectively form the first flow channel and the weight-reducing cavity that are isolated from each other. The weight-reducing cavity is located on the side of the first flow channel away from the accommodating space.

6. The battery pack according to claim 5, wherein: The second side wall comprises: Two second walls are arranged opposite to each other along the second direction, the second wall away from the accommodating space is provided with the explosion-proof valve, and the second flow channel is formed between the two second walls.

7. The battery pack according to claim 6, wherein: The second side wall also includes at least one partition located between the two second wall bodies, and the at least one partition divides the second flow channel formed between the two second wall bodies into at least two flow channel segments arranged in sequence along the second direction, each of the flow channel segments extending along the first direction, and the partition is arranged between the flow channel segments adjacent to each other along the second direction, and the flow channel segments adjacent to each other along the second direction are connected.

8. The battery pack according to claim 7, wherein: A plurality of partitions are arranged in sequence along the second direction, and the flow channel sections are formed between the second wall body and the partition closest to the second wall body, as well as between adjacent partitions. Adjacent flow channel sections are connected by connecting holes, and adjacent connecting holes are staggered in the second direction.

9. The battery pack according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein two ends of the second wall body close to the accommodating space along the first direction are respectively connected to the first walls of the two first side walls close to the accommodating space, and two ends of the second wall body away from the accommodating space along the first direction are respectively connected to the two reinforcing ribs. The second side wall also includes at least one partition located between the two second wall bodies, and the at least one partition divides the second flow channel formed between the two second wall bodies into at least two flow channel segments arranged in sequence along the second direction. One end of the partition along the first direction is connected to the reinforcement rib of one first side wall, and the other end is spaced from the reinforcement rib of the other first side wall to form a connecting hole. The adjacent flow channel segments along the second direction are connected through the connecting hole.

10. The battery pack according to any one of claims 2 to 9, wherein: The size of the box along the second direction is greater than the size along the first direction.

11. The battery pack according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein: The battery pack further includes a sealing ring, which is sandwiched between a side of the first battery unit having the pressure relief port and a side wall of the box having the vent, and surrounds the pressure relief port and the vent.

12. The battery pack according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein: A heat absorbing component is provided in the exhaust flow channel.

13. The battery pack according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein: The battery pack also includes a second battery cell, at least one side of which is provided with a pressure relief port for pressure relief, and the side of the first battery cell having the pressure relief port and the side of the second battery cell having the pressure relief port are far away from each other and arranged opposite to each other.

14. The battery pack according to claim 13, wherein: The first battery unit and the second battery unit are arranged in a first direction, and the exhaust holes are located on two opposite side walls of the box along the first direction.

15. The battery pack according to claim 13 or 14, wherein: The number of the first battery cells is at least two, and the direction in which the at least two first battery cells are arranged sequentially and the direction in which the first battery cell and the second battery cell are arranged crosswise. The number of the second battery cells is at least two, and the direction in which the at least two second battery cells are arranged sequentially and the direction in which the first battery cells and the second battery cells are arranged intersect.

16. The battery pack according to any one of claims 13 to 15, wherein: At least one side of the first battery cell and at least one side of the second battery cell are provided with a top cover assembly, The battery pack further includes an insulating layer, the space between each first battery cell and the corresponding second battery cell being filled with the insulating layer, and the insulating layer respectively covering at least a portion of the top cover assembly of the first battery cell and the second battery cell.

17. The battery pack according to claim 16, wherein: The insulating layer is made of insulating glue, which is in liquid form before being filled. The liquid insulating glue can be solidified between the first battery unit and the second battery unit.

18. The battery pack according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein: A top cover assembly is provided on at least one side of the first battery cell, and the top cover assembly and the pressure relief port are located on different sides of the first battery cell.

19. The battery pack according to claim 18, wherein: The top cover assembly is located on one side of the first battery unit, and the pressure relief port is located on the other side of the first battery unit opposite to the top cover assembly.

20. The battery pack according to any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein: Each of the first battery cells includes a shell and at least one electrode assembly disposed in the shell, the pressure relief port is disposed on at least one side of the shell, and a top cover assembly is disposed on at least one side of the shell.

21. The battery pack according to claim 20, wherein: Each of the first battery cells includes at least one soft-pack battery cell, which includes a sealed bag and the electrode assembly arranged in the sealed bag. A battery cell cavity is formed inside the shell, and the at least one soft-pack battery cell is arranged in the battery cell cavity.

22. The battery pack according to claim 21, wherein: The number of soft-pack batteries in each of the first battery cells is at least two, and the top cover assembly includes a top cover and a sampling electrode and at least two adapter electrodes provided on the top cover, wherein one adapter electrode is electrically connected to the tab of one of the soft-pack batteries, and the other adapter electrode is electrically connected to the tab of the other soft-pack battery, and the polarities of the tabs corresponding to the two adapter electrodes are opposite, and the sampling electrodes are respectively electrically connected to the tabs of the corresponding two soft-pack batteries, and the polarities of the tabs of the corresponding two soft-pack batteries electrically connected to the sampling electrodes are opposite.

23. The battery pack according to claim 22, wherein: The housing comprises: a main shell, wherein the pressure relief port is formed in the main shell; The top cover and the main shell enclose the battery cell cavity. The top cover has a flange covering the side wall of the main shell, and the gap between the flange and the side wall of the main shell is less than or equal to 0.5 mm.

24. The battery pack according to any one of claims 21 to 23, wherein: The first battery unit further includes a flame-retardant cover covering the pressure relief port, and the pressure bearing capacity of the shell is greater than the pressure bearing capacity of the flame-retardant cover.

25. The battery pack according to claim 24, wherein: The flame retardant cover is made of mica.

26. The battery pack according to any one of claims 21 to 25, wherein: The housing comprises: A main shell, wherein the pressure relief port is formed on the main shell, and the main shell is made of metal or plastic; The top cover and the main shell enclose the battery cell cavity, and the material of the top cover is plastic.

27. The battery pack according to claim 24 or 25, wherein: The flame-retardant cover is formed with a through hole connected to the battery cell cavity, and the first battery unit also includes a temperature regulating container partially located in the battery cell cavity, and the soft-pack battery cell is arranged on one side or two opposite sides of the temperature regulating container. The temperature regulating container has a temperature regulating cavity and an inlet and an outlet respectively connected to the temperature regulating cavity. The temperature regulating container is passed through the through hole so that the inlet and the outlet are exposed outside the battery cell along the side of the outer shell facing the flame-retardant cover.

28. The battery pack according to any one of claims 1 to 27, wherein: The box includes: A main box, wherein the accommodation space is formed in the main box, and a first protrusion and a second protrusion are formed on the upper side of the main box, wherein the second protrusion is located on a side of the first protrusion away from the accommodation space; A box cover is arranged in the accommodating space of the main box, and the box cover has a sealing portion. The sealing portion is provided between the first protrusion and the second protrusion and on the side of the second protrusion away from the first protrusion. The sealing portion is in contact and sealed with the main box along the arrangement direction of the main box and the box cover.

29. An electrical device comprising: Device body; The battery pack according to any one of claims 1 to 28, mounted on the device body to supply power to the device body.

30. An energy storage device comprising the battery pack according to any one of claims 1 to 28, wherein the battery pack is capable of storing and providing electrical energy.

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