Cushioning structure, battery and electrical device

Abstract

Provided in the present application are a cushioning structure, a battery and an electrical device. The cushioning structure (300) comprises a thermal insulation plate (31), wherein an energy absorption cavity (310) is provided in the thermal insulation plate (31), the thermal insulation plate (31) comprises two side walls (311), at least one of the side walls (311) is an elastically bendable elastic wall (311b), the two side walls (311) are spaced apart from each other, and the energy absorption cavity (310) is formed between the two side walls (311). The thermal insulation plate (31) is used to isolate the heat conduction between objects on two sides of the thermal insulation plate to the greatest possible extent, the energy absorption cavity (310) is provided in the thermal insulation plate (31), and at least one side wall (311) of the thermal insulation plate is configured as the elastic wall (311b), so that an expansion space or a movement space can be provided to absorb compression energy during expansion or movement. The cushioning structure (300) is used for a battery, can provide the expansion space for adjacent battery cells, and effectively isolates heat conduction between the adjacent battery cells.

Description

Buffer structure, battery and electrical device

[0001] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the China Patent Office on March 5, 2024, with application number 202420422644.9 and invention name “Buffer structure, battery and electrical device”, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0002] The present application belongs to the field of battery technology, and more specifically, relates to a buffer structure, a battery, and an electrical device. Background Art

[0003] The statements herein merely provide background information relevant to this application and do not necessarily constitute prior art. Energy conservation and emission reduction are key to the sustainable development of the automotive industry. Electric vehicles, due to their energy-saving and environmentally friendly advantages, have become an important component of the sustainable development of the automotive industry. Battery technology is a crucial factor in the development of electric vehicles. When a single cell in a current battery experiences thermal runaway, it can affect the safety of adjacent cells.

[0004] Application Contents

[0005] The purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a buffer structure, a battery, and an electrical device to improve the problem of thermal influence between battery cells.

[0006] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a buffer structure, comprising an insulation board, in which an energy absorption cavity is provided. The insulation board comprises two side walls, at least one of which is an elastic wall that can be elastically bent. The two side walls are spaced apart, and an energy absorption cavity is formed between the two side walls.

[0007] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, a heat insulation board is used to isolate the heat conduction of objects on both sides thereof to the greatest extent; an energy absorption cavity is provided in the heat insulation board, and at least one of its side walls is provided as an elastic wall. The thickness space of the energy absorption cavity can provide elastic deformation space of the elastic wall, thereby providing expansion or movement space for objects on both sides of the heat insulation board, and absorbing the extrusion energy of the objects on both sides during expansion or movement, so as to buffer the expansion or movement of the objects on both sides thereof, and can rebound when the pressure disappears or weakens; the buffer structure is used for batteries, which can provide expansion space for adjacent battery cells, reduce the risk of heat insulation board crushing, and effectively isolate heat conduction between adjacent battery cells.

[0008] In some embodiments, at least one side wall is an insulating wall.

[0009] At least one side wall is set as a heat insulation wall to isolate heat conduction, which has a simple structure and is easy to process and manufacture.

[0010] In some embodiments, the insulating wall comprises an insulating layer.

[0011] By arranging a heat insulating layer on the side wall, a heat insulating wall is formed to achieve a heat insulating effect, and the structure is simple and easy to process and manufacture.

[0012] In some embodiments, the thermal insulation layer is made of plastic or bakelite.

[0013] Using plastic or bakelite can achieve good thermal insulation, and it is low cost and easy to process and manufacture.

[0014] In some embodiments, the elastic wall comprises an elastically bendable support layer.

[0015] A supporting layer is provided as the main supporting portion of the corresponding side wall, and the supporting layer is elastically bendable so that the corresponding side wall forms an elastic wall, which facilitates the arrangement of the elastic wall.

[0016] In some embodiments, a thermal insulation layer is provided on the support layer.

[0017] A heat-insulating layer is provided on the supporting layer, which supports the heat-insulating layer and enables the corresponding side wall to have a heat-insulating effect, thereby improving the heat-insulating effect.

[0018] In some embodiments, the support layer is made of plastic or metal.

[0019] The supporting layer is made of plastic or metal, which has a wider range of material selection, is easy to process and manufacture, and has low cost.

[0020] In some embodiments, the thermal insulation layer on the support layer is made of a fireproof material or a phase change material.

[0021] The insulation layer uses fireproof materials, which can be used for fire prevention. When applied to batteries, in the event of thermal runaway of a battery cell on one side of the insulation board, the impact on the battery cell on the other side of the insulation board can be reduced, thereby improving the safety of the battery.

[0022] The thermal insulation layer uses phase change materials for temperature control and fire prevention. When applied to batteries, in the event of thermal runaway of a battery cell on one side of the insulation board, it can not only cool down the battery cell, but also reduce the impact on the battery cell on the other side of the insulation board, thereby improving battery safety.

[0023] In some embodiments, an elastic structure is provided in the energy absorbing cavity.

[0024] Setting an elastic structure in the energy-absorbing cavity can improve the impact and extrusion resistance of the insulation board and reduce the risk of crushing.

[0025] In some embodiments, the elastic structure includes ribs connecting the two side walls.

[0026] The use of ribs to provide a rebound force has a simple structure, can improve the structural strength of the buffer structure, and is also easy to process and manufacture.

[0027] In some embodiments, the ribs are arranged obliquely relative to the side walls.

[0028] The ribs are arranged obliquely to the side walls to facilitate elastic deformation of the side walls toward the inside of the energy absorption cavity to absorb external extrusion force; when applied to batteries, they can better absorb the expansion and deformation of battery cells.

[0029] In some embodiments, the elastic structure includes a foam material filled in the energy absorbing cavity.

[0030] The foam material is arranged in the energy-absorbing cavity, which can provide a rebound force to absorb the impact and extrusion force on the insulation board; in addition, it can also play a heat insulating role to improve the heat insulation performance of the buffer structure.

[0031] In some embodiments, the elastic structure includes a liquid filled in the energy absorbing cavity.

[0032] Filling the energy-absorbing cavity with liquid can provide a certain degree of resilience to absorb the impact and extrusion force on the insulation board; it can also play a role in heat insulation and fire extinguishing in the event of a fire.

[0033] In some embodiments, the buffer structure further includes a flow collecting member having a flow channel therein, and the flow collecting members are respectively installed at both ends of the heat insulation board, and the flow channel of the flow collecting member is connected to the energy absorption cavity;

[0034] A liquid inlet pipe is provided on one collecting piece, and a liquid outlet pipe is provided on the other collecting piece;

[0035] Alternatively, a liquid inlet pipe and a liquid outlet pipe are installed on a manifold.

[0036] A current collecting piece is provided, and by connecting the flow channel of the current collecting piece with the energy absorption cavity, a liquid inlet pipe and a liquid outlet pipe are provided on the current collecting piece to allow liquid to enter and exit the energy absorption cavity, and to take away the heat of the heat insulation board, thereby reducing the thermal impact between the objects on both sides of the heat insulation board; in particular, when applied to batteries, it can reduce the impact of thermal runaway of the battery cells on one side on the battery cells on the other side. A liquid inlet pipe and a liquid outlet pipe are provided on each of the two current collecting pieces, so that the liquid inlet pipe and the liquid outlet pipe are provided at both ends of the heat insulation board, so that the fluid enters from one end of the energy absorption cavity and flows out from the other end, thereby facilitating the filling of the energy absorption cavity. A liquid inlet pipe and a liquid outlet pipe are provided on one current collecting piece, so that the liquid inlet pipe and the liquid outlet pipe are provided at the same end of the heat insulation board to reduce the occupied space. When applied to batteries, it can reduce the space occupied in the battery.

[0037] In some embodiments, the energy absorbing chamber is a vacuum chamber.

[0038] The energy absorbing cavity uses a vacuum cavity, that is, the energy absorbing cavity is evacuated, which can reduce the thermal conductivity of the insulation board.

[0039] In some embodiments, plugs are installed at both ends of the heat insulation board to seal the ends of the energy absorbing cavity.

[0040] Blockages are provided at both ends of the heat insulation board to seal the energy absorption cavity and keep the energy absorption cavity in a good vacuum state.

[0041] In some embodiments, at least one of the plugs is provided with a vacuum connection.

[0042] A vacuum joint is provided on the plug to facilitate vacuuming the energy absorbing cavity.

[0043] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a battery, comprising the buffer structure as described in the above embodiment.

[0044] In some embodiments, the battery further includes a plurality of battery cells, and the buffer structure is disposed between adjacent battery cells.

[0045] Providing a buffer structure between adjacent battery cells can provide expansion space for the adjacent battery cells and effectively isolate heat conduction between adjacent battery cells.

[0046] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an electrical device, comprising the buffer structure as described in the above embodiment, or comprising the battery as described in the above embodiment.

[0047] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present application. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present application, it can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present application are listed below. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or exemplary technical descriptions. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0049] FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0050] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of a battery according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0051] FIG3 is a first structural diagram of a buffer structure disposed between battery cells in some embodiments of the present application;

[0052] FIG4 is a second structural diagram of a buffer structure disposed between battery cells in some embodiments of the present application;

[0053] FIG5 is a schematic structural diagram of a first buffer structure according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0054] FIG6 is a side view schematic diagram of a second buffer structure according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0055] FIG7 is a schematic structural diagram of a third buffer structure according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0056] FIG8 is a schematic side view of the buffer structure shown in FIG7 ;

[0057] FIG9 is a side view schematic diagram of a fourth buffer structure according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0058] FIG10 is a side view schematic diagram of a fifth buffer structure according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0059] FIG11 is a schematic structural diagram of a sixth buffer structure according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0060] FIG12 is a schematic structural diagram of a seventh buffer structure according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0061] FIG13 is a schematic structural diagram of an eighth buffer structure according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0062] FIG14 is a schematic front view of the buffer structure in FIG13;

[0063] FIG15 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure along line AA in FIG14;

[0064] FIG16 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure along line BB in FIG14;

[0065] FIG17 is a schematic top view of a ninth buffer structure according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0066] FIG18 is a side view schematic diagram of a tenth buffer structure according to some embodiments of the present application;

[0067] FIG19 is a side view schematic diagram of the eleventh buffer structure of some embodiments of the present application.

[0068] Among them, the main markings in the figures are: 1000-vehicle; 1001-battery; 1002-controller; 1003-motor; 100-housing; 101-first part; 102-second part; 200-battery cell; 300-buffer structure; 31-insulation board; 310-energy absorption cavity; 311-side wall; 311a-insulation wall; 311b-elastic wall; 3111-support layer; 3112-insulation layer; 32-elastic structure; 321-rib; 322-foaming material; 33-sealing; 331-vacuum joint; 34-current collecting part; 340-flow channel; 341-liquid inlet pipe; 342-liquid outlet pipe. Modes for Carrying Out the Invention

[0069] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by this application more clearly understood, this application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0070] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs; the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application; the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof in the specification and claims of this application and the above-mentioned figure descriptions are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.

[0071] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the technical terms "first," "second," etc., are used solely to distinguish between different objects and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance, or to implicitly specify the quantity, specific order, or primary-secondary relationship of the technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature designated "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features.

[0072] References herein to "embodiments" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it constitute an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is understood, both explicitly and implicitly, by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments in any suitable manner.

[0073] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "and / or" is simply a description of the association relationship between associated objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent the following three situations: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the associated objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0074] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "plurality" refers to two or more (including two). Similarly, "multiple groups" refers to two or more (including two groups), and "multiple sheets" refers to two or more (including two sheets). "Several" means one or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0075] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the technical terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be understood as limiting the embodiments of the present application.

[0076] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, technical terms such as "installed," "connected," "connected," and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integration; mechanical connections or electrical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and internal connections between two components or interactions between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application based on specific circumstances.

[0077] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, when an element is referred to as being “fixed to” or “disposed on” another element, it may be directly on the other element or indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being “connected to” another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or indirectly connected to the other element.

[0078] In the embodiments of the present application, battery cells include, but are not limited to, lithium-ion secondary battery cells, lithium-ion primary battery cells, lithium-sulfur battery cells, sodium-lithium-ion battery cells, sodium-ion battery cells, or magnesium-ion battery cells. The shapes of battery cells include, but are not limited to, cylindrical, flat, rectangular, or other shapes. Battery cells are generally categorized by packaging method, including, but not limited to, cylindrical, prismatic, and soft-pack battery cells.

[0079] The battery mentioned in the embodiments of this application refers to a single physical module that includes one or more battery cells to provide higher voltage and capacity. For example, the battery mentioned in this application may include a battery module or a battery pack. The battery generally includes a casing for encapsulating one or more battery cells. The casing can, to a certain extent, prevent liquids or other foreign matter from affecting the charging or discharging of the battery cells. In some cases, the battery cells can also be used directly, that is, the battery may not include a casing, which is not limited here.

[0080] In a battery, when there are multiple battery cells, they can be connected in series, in parallel, or in a hybrid connection. A hybrid connection refers to a combination of series and parallel connections. Multiple battery cells can be directly connected in series, in parallel, or in a hybrid connection, and then the entire battery cell structure is housed within a housing. Alternatively, a battery can be constructed by first connecting multiple battery cells in series, in parallel, or in a hybrid connection to form a battery module, which is then connected in series, in parallel, or in a hybrid connection to form a single unit, which is then housed within a housing. The battery may also include other structures, such as a busbar assembly for electrically connecting multiple battery cells.

[0081] The electrode assembly, also known as the battery cell, is the main structure for energy storage and conversion in a battery cell. The electrode assembly consists of a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet, and a separator. The electrode assembly mainly relies on the movement of metal ions between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet to work. The positive electrode sheet includes a positive electrode collector and a positive electrode active material layer. The positive electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the positive electrode collector. The portion of the positive electrode collector that is not coated with the positive electrode active material layer protrudes from the portion that is coated with the positive electrode active material layer. The portion that is not coated with the positive electrode active material layer serves as the positive electrode tab, or a metal conductor is welded on the positive electrode collector and led out to serve as the positive electrode tab. Taking lithium-ion batteries as an example, the material of the positive electrode collector can be aluminum, and the positive electrode active material can be lithium cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium, or lithium manganese oxide, etc. The negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer. The negative electrode active material layer is coated on the surface of the negative electrode current collector. The portion of the negative electrode current collector not coated with the negative electrode active material layer protrudes from the portion coated with the negative electrode active material layer. The portion not coated with the negative electrode active material layer serves as the negative electrode tab. Alternatively, a metal conductor is welded to the negative electrode current collector and extended to serve as the negative electrode tab. The negative electrode current collector can be made of copper, and the negative electrode active material can be carbon, silicon, or other materials.

[0082] The electrode assembly can be a wound structure or a laminated structure. The embodiments of the present application are not limited to this. The wound structure is mostly to weld the tabs to the current collector, and then arrange them in the order of positive electrode sheet - diaphragm - negative electrode sheet - diaphragm; and then form a cylindrical or square battery cell by winding. The laminated structure is mostly to lead out the tabs on the current collector, arrange the positive electrode sheet, negative electrode sheet and diaphragm in the order of positive electrode sheet - diaphragm - negative electrode sheet - diaphragm, and stack them layer by layer to form a laminated battery cell; wherein, the diaphragm can be cut and directly laminated with the diaphragm sheet, or the diaphragm is not cut, but laminated in a Z-shaped fold. The material of the diaphragm can be PP (Polypropylene, polypropylene) or PE (Polyethylene, polyethylene), etc. The diaphragm is an insulating film arranged between the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet. Its main function is to isolate the positive and negative electrodes and prevent the electrons in the battery from passing freely, to prevent short circuits to a certain extent, and to allow the ions in the electrolyte to pass freely between the positive and negative electrodes to form a loop between the positive and negative electrodes. The positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet are collectively referred to as the electrode sheet. The positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab are collectively referred to as the tab.

[0083] When a battery cell is charged, the current converts electrical energy into chemical energy through chemical reactions between the electrolyte and electrodes, which is stored in the cell. During discharge, the chemical energy is converted back into electrical energy and released. This energy conversion process is accompanied by energy loss and heat generation. If the heat cannot be effectively dissipated due to poor heat dissipation within the battery cell, the cell can overheat. Battery cells have a certain internal resistance, and when current flows through this resistance, it generates resistance losses, causing internal heat generation. When the current is too high or the internal resistance is too high, the internal heat generation intensifies, leading to overheating. If a battery cell exceeds its maximum design voltage during charging, or if the voltage drops too low during discharge, the cell can overvoltage or overdischarge. Overcharging or overdischarging can trigger runaway chemical reactions within the cell, generating excessive heat and causing overheating. Furthermore, defects in the battery cell design or manufacturing process, such as improper material selection or poor cell assembly, can lead to poor internal heat dissipation or uneven current distribution, increasing the risk of overheating or overvoltage. Therefore, the battery cells may overheat or overvoltage during charging or use.

[0084] Battery cells typically contain a certain amount of gas. When a battery cell is charged or discharged, the electrolyte solution undergoes gas generation or absorption reactions. The generation of these gases causes the gas pressure inside the battery cell to increase, causing the battery cell to swell and deform. During the charging or discharging process, the positive and negative electrode materials undergo chemical reactions to form new compounds. These chemical reactions are accompanied by volume changes, which cause the volume of the materials inside the battery cell to change, causing the battery to swell and deform. When a battery cell is overcharged or over-discharged, the chemical reactions inside the battery cell can become uncontrolled, generating excessive gas or causing structural damage to the electrode materials, which in turn causes the battery cell to swell and deform. Charging or discharging a battery cell in a high-temperature environment accelerates the internal chemical reactions, increasing gas generation and volume changes. High temperatures also cause the materials inside the battery cell to expand, also causing the battery cell to swell and deform.

[0085] Therefore, during the charge and discharge process, battery cells not only generate heat but also cause them to expand and deform. However, battery cells are often arranged in a battery case. In the event of thermal runaway of a battery cell, it will not only generate a large amount of heat but also expand significantly, which will not only squeeze and damage adjacent battery cells, but also conduct the generated heat to adjacent battery cells, significantly increasing the risk of expansion and thermal runaway of the adjacent battery cells.

[0086] Based on the above considerations, in order to solve the impact of thermal runaway of battery cells on adjacent battery cells, an embodiment of the present application provides a buffer structure. By using a heat insulation plate, an energy absorption cavity is set in the heat insulation plate, and at least one side wall of the energy absorption cavity uses an elastic wall. When applied to a battery, it can not only provide expansion space for the battery cell, but also effectively isolate the heat conduction between adjacent battery cells, thereby reducing the impact of thermal runaway of the battery cell on the adjacent battery cells.

[0087] The battery disclosed in the embodiments of the present application can be used in electrical devices that use the battery as a power source or various energy storage systems that use the battery as an energy storage element, such as energy storage power supply systems such as hydropower, thermal power, wind power and solar power stations. The electrical device can be, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a tablet, a laptop computer, an electric toy, an electric tool, an electric bicycle, an electric motorcycle, an electric car, a ship, a spacecraft, and the like. Among them, the electric toy can include a fixed or mobile electric toy, for example, a game console, an electric car toy, an electric ship toy and an electric airplane toy, and the like, and the spacecraft can include an airplane, a rocket, a space shuttle and a spacecraft, and the like.

[0088] For the convenience of description, an electric device is provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present application, and the electric device is described by taking a vehicle as an example.

[0089] Please refer to Figure 1, which is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle 1000 provided in some embodiments of the present application. The vehicle 1000 can be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle. The new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle, etc. A battery 1001 is provided inside the vehicle 1000, and the battery 1001 can be provided at the bottom, head or tail of the vehicle 1000. The battery 1001 can be used to power the vehicle 1000. For example, the battery 1001 can serve as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000. The vehicle 1000 may also include a controller 1002 and a motor 1003. The controller 1002 is used to control the battery 1001 to power the motor 1003, for example, for starting, navigating and driving the vehicle 1000.

[0090] In some embodiments of the present application, the battery 1001 can serve not only as an operating power source for the vehicle 1000, but also as a driving power source for the vehicle 1000, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000.

[0091] Please refer to Figure 2, which is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of a battery 1001 provided in some embodiments of the present application. Battery 1001 includes a housing 100 and a battery cell 200, with the battery cell 200 housed within the housing 100. The housing 100 is used to provide a storage space for the battery cell 200, and the housing 100 can adopt a variety of structures. In some embodiments, the housing 100 can include a first portion 101 and a second portion 102, which cover each other and together define a storage space for accommodating the battery cell 200. The second portion 102 can be a hollow structure with one end open, and the first portion 101 can be a plate-like structure, with the first portion 101 covering the open side of the second portion 102, so that the first portion 101 and the second portion 102 jointly define a storage space. The first portion 101 and the second portion 102 can also be hollow structures with one end open, with the open side of the first portion 101 covering the open side of the second portion 102. Of course, the box 100 formed by the first part 101 and the second part 102 can be of various shapes, such as a cylinder, a cuboid, etc. After the multiple battery cells 200 are connected in parallel, in series, or in a mixed combination, they are placed in the box 100 formed by the first part 101 and the second part 102 being fastened together.

[0092] In some embodiments, the battery 1001 includes a buffer structure 300, which is configured in the shape of a flat plate. The buffer structure 300 is provided between the battery cells 200. The buffer structure 300 absorbs the expansion and deformation of the battery cells 200, and isolates the heat conduction between adjacent battery cells 200 through the buffer structure 300, thereby reducing the impact of thermal runaway of the battery cells 200 on adjacent battery cells 200.

[0093] In some embodiments, the buffer structure 300 contacts the largest surface of the battery cell 200. Because the battery cell 200 is wound or stacked using pole pieces, its expansion deformation primarily results from an increase in pole piece thickness. Consequently, the battery cell 200 experiences significant expansion deformation perpendicular to the side with the largest area. The buffer structure 300 contacts the largest surface of the battery cell 200, meaning that the buffer structure 300 is located on the side with the largest area of ​​the battery cell 200. This provides more space for the battery cell 200 to expand and deform.

[0094] In some embodiments, referring to FIG3 , a plurality of battery cells 200 may be arranged on the same side of at least one buffer structure 300. For example, two, three, four, or the like battery cells 200 may be arranged on the same side of a buffer structure 300. In this way, the length of the buffer structure 300 may be set longer, and a plurality of battery cells 200 may be arranged on the same side thereof, so that the buffer structure 300 simultaneously increases the expansion and deformation space for a plurality of battery cells 200, while reducing the number of buffer structures 300 for easy assembly.

[0095] In some embodiments, referring to FIG4 , one side of at least one buffer structure 300 corresponds to only one battery cell 200. For example, if the length of the buffer structure 300 is set to be smaller, and only one battery cell 200 is set on one side thereof, the buffer structure 300 only increases the expansion space for the two battery cells 200 corresponding to its two sides or the one battery cell 200 corresponding to its one side. In this way, the buffer structure 300 is more targeted and convenient for maintenance and replacement.

[0096] Please refer to Figures 5, 18 and 19. According to some embodiments of the present application, the present application provides a buffer structure 300, including a heat insulation plate 31, in which an energy absorption cavity 310 is provided. The heat insulation plate 31 includes two side walls 311, at least one side wall 311 is an elastic wall 311b that can be elastically bent, the two side walls 311 are spaced apart, and an energy absorption cavity 310 is formed between the two side walls 311.

[0097] The heat insulation board 31 is a board with heat-insulating properties. It can be made of heat-insulating materials such as plastic, bakelite, ceramic, rubber, etc., or it can be coated with a heat-insulating material or have an internal heat-insulating layer. The heat insulation board 31 can isolate heat conduction from objects on either side, thereby reducing the mutual influence of heat between the objects on either side.

[0098] The energy absorbing cavity 310 refers to a cavity structure provided in the heat insulation board 31 . That is, a cavity is provided inside the heat insulation board 31 , and the cavity forms the energy absorbing cavity 310 .

[0099] The sidewall 311 refers to the sidewall 311 of the energy absorbing cavity 310 . The two sidewalls 311 constitute two opposite sidewalls 311 of the energy absorbing cavity 310 . The two sidewalls 311 are spaced apart so that the space between the two sidewalls 311 forms the energy absorbing cavity 310 .

[0100] The elastic wall 311b refers to an elastically bendable side wall 311 or wall plate, and can be made of materials such as plastic and metal. An elastically bendable plate can be used as the elastic wall 311b.

[0101] At least one side wall 311 is an elastic wall 311 b . Either one of the two side walls 311 is an elastic wall 311 b , or both side walls 311 are elastic.

[0102] The elastic wall 311b is provided so that when the heat shield 31 is subjected to external pressure, it will bend and deform toward the energy absorption cavity 310. Accordingly, the energy absorption cavity 310 provides space for the elastic wall 311b to bend and deform. When applied to batteries, it can provide space for the battery cells 200 to expand and deform.

[0103] In the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application, a heat insulation plate 31 is used to isolate the heat conduction of objects on both sides thereof to the greatest extent; an energy absorption cavity 310 is provided in the heat insulation plate 31, and at least one side wall 311 thereof is provided as an elastic wall 311b. The thickness space of the energy absorption cavity 310 can provide elastic deformation space of the elastic wall 311b, thereby providing expansion or movement space for objects on both sides of the heat insulation plate 31, and absorbing the extrusion energy during the expansion or movement of the objects on both sides thereof, so as to buffer the expansion or movement of the objects on both sides thereof, and can rebound when the pressure disappears or weakens; the buffer structure 300 is used for batteries, and can provide expansion space for adjacent battery cells 200, reduce the risk of crushing of the heat insulation plate 31, and effectively isolate heat conduction between adjacent battery cells 200.

[0104] In some embodiments, at least one side wall 311 is a thermal insulation wall 311 a .

[0105] The heat insulating wall 311 a refers to a side wall 311 or a wall panel having heat insulating properties. For example, a panel made of heat insulating materials such as plastic, bakelite, ceramic, and rubber can be used as the heat insulating wall 311 a.

[0106] At least one side wall 311 is a heat-insulating wall 311 a . One of the two side walls 311 may be a heat-insulating wall 311 a , or both side walls 311 may have heat-insulating properties.

[0107] Of the two side walls 311, one side wall 311 may be an elastic wall 311b, and the other side wall 311 may be an insulating wall 311a. Alternatively, one side wall 311 may have both elastic and insulating properties, i.e., it may be both an elastic wall 311b and an insulating wall 311a. Of course, both side walls 311 may also have both elastic and insulating properties, i.e., each side wall 311 may be both an elastic wall 311b and an insulating wall 311a.

[0108] The heat insulation wall 311 a is provided to isolate heat conduction on both sides thereof. When used in a battery, it can isolate the mutual influence of heat generated by the battery cells 200 on both sides of the buffer structure 300.

[0109] At least one side wall 311 is configured as a heat insulating wall 311 a to isolate heat conduction, which has a simple structure and is easy to manufacture.

[0110] Referring to FIG. 5 , FIG. 6 , FIG. 9 , FIG. 10 , FIG. 18 , and FIG. 19 , in some embodiments, the thermal insulation wall 311 a includes a thermal insulation layer 3112 .

[0111] Thermal insulation layer 3112 refers to a film, coating, or plate layer made of a thermal insulation material such as ceramic, rubber, silicone, resin, or plastic. Thermal insulation wall 311a is the side wall 311 of energy absorption cavity 310. Thermal insulation wall 311a includes thermal insulation layer 3112. That is, thermal insulation layer 3112 can be provided on side wall 311 to form thermal insulation wall 311a. Alternatively, side wall 311 can be made of thermal insulation material, with thermal insulation layer 3112 provided on side wall 311 to enhance the insulation effect. Alternatively, a plate made of thermal insulation material can serve as both thermal insulation layer 3112 and thermal insulation wall 311a.

[0112] By arranging the heat insulating layer 3112 on the side wall 311, a heat insulating wall 311a is formed to achieve a heat insulating effect. The structure is simple and easy to process and manufacture.

[0113] In some embodiments, the material of the heat insulation layer 3112 includes plastic or bakelite. Plastic or bakelite can achieve good heat insulation, low cost, and easy processing and manufacturing.

[0114] Referring to FIG. 6 , FIG. 18 and FIG. 19 , in some embodiments, the elastic wall 311 b includes an elastically bendable supporting layer 3111 .

[0115] Elastic bendability means that the supporting layer 3111 can be elastically bent and deformed when subjected to external force.

[0116] The support layer 3111 is a structural layer having a certain structural strength and capable of providing support. For example, a plate-shaped or layered structural layer made of materials such as plastic, metal, bakelite, or hard rubber can be used. This allows the support layer 3111 to not only provide support but also be elastically bendable, thereby serving as the elastic wall 311b.

[0117] A supporting layer 3111 is provided as a main supporting portion of the corresponding side wall 311 , and the supporting layer 3111 is elastically bendable so that the corresponding side wall 311 forms an elastic wall 311 b , which facilitates the provision of the elastic wall 311 b .

[0118] Referring to FIG. 6 , FIG. 18 and FIG. 19 , in some embodiments, a heat insulating layer 3112 is disposed on the supporting layer 3111 .

[0119] The heat insulating layer 3112 refers to a film layer, coating layer or plate layer made of heat insulating materials such as ceramics, rubber, silicone, resin, plastic, etc.

[0120] A thermal insulation layer 3112 is disposed on the support layer 3111. This supports the thermal insulation layer 3112 and provides insulation to the corresponding sidewalls 311, enhancing the insulation effect. Because the support layer 3111 has elastic bending properties, the corresponding sidewalls 311 function as elastic walls 311b. The thermal insulation layer 3112 disposed thereon also forms the corresponding sidewalls 311 as thermal insulation walls 311a.

[0121] In some embodiments, the support layer 3111 is made of plastic or metal. The support layer 3111 is made of plastic or metal, which has a wider range of material options, is easy to process and manufacture, and has low cost.

[0122] In some embodiments, the material of the thermal insulation layer 3112 on the supporting layer 3111 includes a fireproof material or a phase change material.

[0123] Fireproofing materials are materials that can prevent the spread of flames or smoke for a certain period of time, slowing the spread of fire. Examples include fireproof glass, fireproof coatings, fireproof plastics, alumina, asbestos powder, calcium carbonate, perlite, cornstarch, polyvinyl chloride, perchloroethylene, chlorinated rubber, neoprene latex, epoxy resin, and phenolic resin.

[0124] Phase change materials (PCMs) are materials that can change state without changing temperature, absorbing or releasing large amounts of latent heat in the process, thereby achieving temperature control. This process of changing physical properties is called a phase change. In fire protection, PCMs can slow or prevent the spread of fire and protect structures from high-temperature damage. PCMs include inorganic, organic, composite, and metallic PCMs. Inorganic PCMs primarily consist of inorganic compounds such as metal salt hydrates, alkali hydrates, activated clay, and mineral wool. Organic PCMs absorb or release heat by utilizing changes in crystal form and the transformation of polymer side chains at different temperatures. Composite PCMs utilize a network structure as a matrix to maintain the material's basic shape and mechanical properties, with the PCM embedded within the matrix. These materials combine the properties of two or more different materials to optimize their functional characteristics. Metallic PCMs primarily utilize phase transitions in metals and alloys to achieve phase change energy storage.

[0125] The heat insulation layer 3112 is made of fireproof material and can be used for fire prevention. When applied to batteries, when the battery cell 200 on one side of the heat insulation board 31 experiences thermal runaway, the impact on the battery cell 200 on the other side of the heat insulation board 31 can be reduced, thereby improving the safety of the battery.

[0126] The thermal insulation layer 3112 uses phase change material for temperature control and fire prevention. When applied to batteries, in the event of thermal runaway of a battery cell 200 on one side of the thermal insulation plate 31, it can not only cool the battery cell 200, but also reduce the impact on the battery cell 200 on the other side of the thermal insulation plate 31, thereby improving the safety of the battery.

[0127] Referring to FIG. 7 to FIG. 10 and FIG. 13 to FIG. 17 , in some embodiments, an elastic structure 32 is disposed in the energy absorbing cavity 310 .

[0128] The elastic structure 32 refers to a structure that can be elastically deformed, such as a structure made of elastically deformable materials such as metal, rubber, and plastic.

[0129] The elastic structure 32 in the energy-absorbing cavity 310 enhances the thermal insulation panel 31's resistance to impact and extrusion, reducing the risk of collapse. Collapse refers to the phenomenon in which the buffer structure 300 ruptures, deforms, or even loses its elastic rebound function when subjected to pressure, load, or other external forces exceeding its capacity.

[0130] Referring to FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 , in some embodiments, the elastic structure 32 includes ribs 321 connecting the two side walls 311 .

[0131] The ribs 321 refer to the strip-shaped ribs or rib structures provided in the energy absorption cavity 310. The ribs 321 connect the two side walls 311 to increase the structural strength of the buffer structure 300, so that the side walls 311 can support the ribs 321, and when the side walls 311 bend into the energy absorption cavity 310, the ribs 321 can play the role of elastic support to enable the side walls 311 to rebound better. By providing the ribs 321 in the energy absorption cavity 310, the ribs 321 can be left behind during the process of machining the energy absorption cavity 310 in the heat insulation board 31. Of course, the energy absorption cavity 310 and the ribs 321 can also be directly manufactured in the case of extrusion molding the heat insulation board 31. The energy absorption cavity 310 and the ribs 321 can also be directly manufactured in the case of injection molding the heat insulation board 31, which is convenient for processing and manufacturing.

[0132] The ribs 321 are used to provide a rebound force, which has a simple structure, can improve the structural strength of the buffer structure 300, and is also easy to process and manufacture.

[0133] In some embodiments, the ribs 321 are inclined relative to the sidewalls 311 .

[0134] The ribs 321 are inclined relative to the sidewalls 311, meaning that the surface of the ribs 321 is inclined relative to the surface of the sidewalls 311. For example, the width of the ribs 321 may be inclined relative to the surface of the sidewalls 311. Alternatively, the length of the ribs 321 may be inclined relative to the surface of the sidewalls 311. Alternatively, both the width and length of the ribs 321 may be inclined relative to the surface of the sidewalls 311. As the sidewalls 311 are bent toward the energy-absorbing cavity 310 under force, the force acting on the ribs 321 will also be inclined relative to the surface of the ribs 321, facilitating the bending and deformation of the ribs 321 relative to the sidewalls 311, thereby increasing the elastic support force of the sidewalls 311.

[0135] The ribs 321 are arranged obliquely to the side walls 311 to facilitate elastic deformation of the side walls 311 toward the inside of the energy absorption cavity 310 to absorb external squeezing force. When applied to batteries, the ribs 321 can better absorb the expansion and deformation of the battery cells 200 .

[0136] Referring to FIG. 9 , in some embodiments, the elastic structure 32 includes a foam material 322 filled in the energy absorbing cavity 310 .

[0137] Foam material 322 refers to a porous material that vaporizes and produces bubbles within the material, such as foam plastic, foam rubber, and foam resin. Foam material 322 is lightweight, flexible, and provides cushioning, sound absorption, shock absorption, and thermal insulation.

[0138] A foam material 322 is provided in the energy absorbing cavity 310 , and the foam material 322 can provide a rebound force to absorb the impact and extrusion force on the heat insulation board 31 ; it can also play a heat insulating role to improve the heat insulation performance of the buffer structure 300 .

[0139] Please refer to Figure 10. In some embodiments, ribs 321 and foam material 322 can be simultaneously provided in the energy absorption cavity 310, that is, the elastic structure 32 includes ribs 321 connecting the two side walls 311 and foam material 322 filled in the energy absorption cavity 310. The foam material 322 cooperates with the ribs 321 to provide rebound force to better absorb the impact and extrusion force on the insulation board 31.

[0140] Referring to Figures 13 to 17 , in some embodiments, the elastic structure 32 includes a liquid that fills the energy-absorbing cavity 310. Filling the energy-absorbing cavity 310 with liquid can provide a certain degree of resilience to absorb impact and squeezing forces on the heat shield 31. It can also provide thermal insulation and extinguish fire in the event of a fire.

[0141] In some embodiments, ribs 321 and filling liquid can be simultaneously provided in the energy absorption cavity 310, that is, the elastic structure 32 includes ribs 321 connecting the two side walls 311 and liquid filled in the energy absorption cavity 310, and the liquid and the ribs 321 cooperate to provide rebound force to better absorb the impact and extrusion force on the insulation board 31.

[0142] Please refer to Figures 13 to 17. In some embodiments, the buffer structure 300 also includes a flow collecting member 34 with a flow channel 340 therein. The flow collecting members 34 are respectively installed at both ends of the heat insulation plate 31. The flow channel 340 of the flow collecting member 34 is connected to the energy absorption cavity 310. A liquid inlet pipe 341 and a liquid outlet pipe 342 are provided on the flow collecting member 34.

[0143] The flow collector 34 is a structural component having a flow channel 340 therein, which connects the energy absorbing cavity 310. If the energy absorbing cavity 310 in the heat shield 31 is a single unit, the flow channel 340 of the flow collector 34 connects the energy absorbing cavity 310. If the energy absorbing cavity 310 in the heat shield 31 is a plurality of separate compartments, the flow collector 34 connects the various energy absorbing cavities 310.

[0144] The liquid inlet pipe 341 is a pipe for liquid to flow in to fill the energy absorbing chamber 310 . The liquid inlet pipe 341 is a pipe for liquid such as gas and liquid to flow out to discharge the fluid in the energy absorbing chamber 310 .

[0145] A current collecting member 34 is provided, and by connecting the flow channel of the current collecting member 34 to the energy absorption chamber 310, a liquid inlet pipe 341 and a liquid outlet pipe 342 are provided on the current collecting member 34 to allow liquid to enter and exit the energy absorption chamber 310, and can take away the heat of the heat insulation plate 31, thereby reducing the thermal impact between the objects on both sides of the heat insulation plate 31; especially when applied to batteries, it can reduce the impact of thermal runaway of the battery cell 200 on the battery cell 200 on the other side.

[0146] Please refer to Figures 13 to 16. In some embodiments, a liquid inlet pipe 341 is provided on one collecting piece 34, and a liquid outlet pipe 342 is provided on the other collecting piece 34. That is, the liquid inlet pipe 341 and the liquid outlet pipe 342 are respectively provided on the two collecting pieces 34, so that the liquid inlet pipe 341 and the liquid outlet pipe 342 are arranged at both ends of the insulation board 31, so that the fluid enters from one end of the energy absorption cavity 310 and flows out from the other end, thereby facilitating the filling of the energy absorption cavity 310.

[0147] Referring to Figures 16 and 17 , in some embodiments, a single current collecting member 34 is mounted with a liquid inlet pipe 341 and a liquid outlet pipe 342. The provision of the liquid inlet pipe 341 and the liquid outlet pipe 342 on a single current collecting member 34 allows the liquid inlet pipe 341 and the liquid outlet pipe 342 to be located at the same end of the heat shield 31, thereby reducing space usage. This can be applied to batteries, thereby reducing space usage within the battery.

[0148] Referring to FIG. 8 , FIG. 11 and FIG. 12 , in some embodiments, the energy absorbing cavity 310 is a vacuum cavity.

[0149] A vacuum chamber is a chamber with no gas or only a small amount of gas inside. Since air also has a certain thermal conductivity (e.g., the thermal conductivity of air is generally 0.023 W / mK), it can also conduct heat to a certain extent. The energy absorption chamber 310 is a vacuum chamber, which can reduce heat conduction within it, thereby providing good thermal insulation.

[0150] The energy absorbing cavity 310 uses a vacuum cavity, that is, the energy absorbing cavity 310 is evacuated, which can reduce the thermal conductivity of the heat insulation board 31 .

[0151] In some embodiments, plugs 33 are respectively installed at both ends of the heat insulation board 31 , and the plugs 33 seal the ends of the energy absorption cavity 310 .

[0152] The plug 33 is a structural member used to seal and plug the channel.

[0153] Plugs 33 are provided at both ends of the heat insulation plate 31 to seal the energy absorbing cavity 310 so that the energy absorbing cavity 310 can maintain a good vacuum state.

[0154] In some embodiments, at least one of the seals 33 is provided with a vacuum connection 331 .

[0155] The vacuum connector 331 is a connector for connecting a vacuum device.

[0156] A vacuum joint 331 is provided on the seal 33 to evacuate the energy absorbing cavity 310 .

[0157] In some embodiments, the ends of the heat insulation board 31 may be welded and sealed 33 , or the ends of the heat insulation board 31 may be squeezed closed.

[0158] Please refer to Figure 18. In some embodiments, the material for making the support layer 3111 can be used to make a plate with an internal cavity, and an insulation layer 3112 is set on one side thereof to form an insulation board 31 of the buffer structure 300. The processing and manufacturing are convenient, and one support layer 3111 and the insulation layer 3112 thereon cooperate to form an insulation wall 311a, and the other side wall 311 forms an elastic wall 311b.

[0159] Please refer to Figure 19. In some embodiments, the support layer 3111 can be connected to the thermal insulation layer 3112, and the support layer 3111 and the thermal insulation layer 3112 are spaced apart to form an energy absorption cavity 310 between the support layer 3111 and the thermal insulation layer 3112. The support layer 3111 forms an elastic wall 311b, and the thermal insulation layer 3112 forms a thermal insulation wall 311a.

[0160] According to some embodiments of the present application, a buffer structure 300 is provided, comprising a heat insulation plate 31, wherein an energy absorption cavity 310 is provided in the heat insulation plate 31. The heat insulation plate 31 includes two side walls 311, at least one of which is an elastic wall 311b that is elastically bendable. The two side walls 311 are spaced apart, and the energy absorption cavity 310 is formed between the two side walls 311. An elastic structure 32 is provided in the energy absorption cavity 310, and the elastic structure 32 includes ribs 321 connecting the two side walls 311. The ribs 321 are arranged obliquely relative to the side walls 311. The energy absorption cavity 310 is a vacuum cavity. An insulation board 31 is used to isolate the heat conduction of the objects on both sides of it to the greatest extent; an energy absorption cavity 310 is set in the insulation board 31, and at least one of its side walls 311 is set as an elastic wall 311b. The thickness of the energy absorption cavity 310 can provide elastic deformation space for the elastic wall 311b, thereby providing expansion or movement space for the objects on both sides of the insulation board 31, and absorbing the extrusion energy when the objects on both sides expand or move, so as to cushion the expansion or movement of the objects on both sides. An elastic structure 32 is set in the energy absorption cavity 310 to enhance the impact and extrusion resistance of the insulation board 31 and reduce the risk of crushing. Crushing refers to the phenomenon that the buffer structure 300 breaks, deforms, or even loses its elastic rebound function when subjected to pressure, load or other external forces that exceed its bearing capacity. The elastic structure 32 uses ribs 321 to better enhance the rebound force, so that the buffer structure 300 can better resist the expansion and deformation of the battery cell 200, and the structure is simple and easy to manufacture.

[0161] According to some embodiments of the present application, the present application further provides a battery, comprising the buffer structure 300 described in any of the above solutions.

[0162] In some embodiments, the battery further includes a plurality of battery cells 200 , and the buffer structure 300 is disposed between adjacent battery cells 200 .

[0163] The buffer structure 300 is provided between adjacent battery cells 200 to provide expansion space for the adjacent battery cells 200 and effectively isolate heat conduction between the adjacent battery cells 200 .

[0164] According to some embodiments of the present application, the present application further provides an electrical device, comprising the buffer structure 300 described in any of the above solutions, or comprising the battery described in any of the above solutions.

[0165] The power-consuming device may be any of the aforementioned devices or systems using batteries.

[0166] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some or all of the technical features therein. These modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and they should all be included in the scope of the claims and specification of the present application. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the various technical features mentioned in the various embodiments can be combined in any way. The present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions that fall within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A buffer structure, characterized in that: It comprises a heat insulation board, in which an energy absorption cavity is provided. The heat insulation board comprises two side walls, at least one of which is an elastic wall that can be elastically bent. The two side walls are spaced apart, and the energy absorption cavity is formed between the two side walls.

2. The buffer structure according to claim 1, wherein: At least one of the side walls is a thermally insulating wall.

3. The buffer structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The thermal insulation wall includes a thermal insulation layer.

4. The buffer structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The material of the heat insulation layer includes plastic or bakelite.

5. The buffer structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The elastic wall includes an elastically bendable supporting layer.

6. The buffer structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: A heat insulation layer is provided on the supporting layer.

7. The buffer structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The material of the support layer includes plastic or metal.

8. The buffer structure according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: The material of the heat insulation layer on the support layer includes fireproof material or phase change material.

9. The buffer structure according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: An elastic structure is provided in the energy absorbing cavity.

10. The buffer structure according to claim 9, characterized in that: The elastic structure includes ribs connecting the two side walls.

11. The buffer structure according to claim 10, wherein: The ribs are arranged obliquely relative to the side walls.

12. The buffer structure according to any one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that: The elastic structure includes a foaming material filled in the energy absorbing cavity.

13. The buffer structure according to any one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that: The elastic structure includes liquid filled in the energy absorbing cavity.

14. The buffer structure according to claim 13, wherein: The buffer structure further includes a flow collecting member with a flow channel therein, the flow collecting members are respectively installed at both ends of the heat insulation board, and the flow channel of the flow collecting member is connected to the energy absorption cavity; One of the current collecting pieces is provided with a liquid inlet pipe, and the other current collecting piece is provided with a liquid outlet pipe; Alternatively, a liquid inlet pipe and a liquid outlet pipe are installed on one of the collecting members.

15. The buffer structure according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that: The energy absorbing cavity is a vacuum cavity.

16. The buffer structure according to claim 15, characterized in that: Plugs are respectively installed at both ends of the heat insulation plate, and the plugs seal the ends of the energy absorption cavity.

17. The buffer structure according to claim 16, wherein: At least one of the plugs is provided with a vacuum connection.

18. A battery, characterized in that: The buffer structure comprises the buffer structure according to any one of claims 1 to 17.

19. The battery according to claim 18, wherein The battery further includes a plurality of battery cells, and the buffer structure is provided between adjacent battery cells.

20. An electrical device, characterized in that: The buffer structure comprises the buffer structure according to any one of claims 1 to 17, or the battery according to claim 18 or 19.

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