Photovoltaic module and manufacturing method therefor

Abstract

The present application provides a photovoltaic module and a manufacturing method therefor. The photovoltaic module comprises a cell, a back plate, a sealing body, and an electrical connecting member, wherein the back plate is arranged on one side of the cell, and the back plate is at least provided with at least one lead-out hole; at least part of the sealing body is accommodated in the lead-out hole; an extension portion covering the periphery of the lead-out hole is formed on the sealing body; and one end of the electrical connecting member is electrically connected to the cell, and the other end of the electrical connecting member passes through the sealing body and extends out of the lead-out hole. According to the present application, by providing a sealing body which is provided with an extension portion covering the periphery of a lead-out hole, under the action of multiple waterproof measures, the requirement of a perovskite photovoltaic module on the water vapor barrier performance is met, the problem of water blocking failure at the hole plugging position caused by existing design is solved, the outdoor service life of the photovoltaic module is prolonged, and good development potential is achieved.

Description

Photovoltaic module and preparation method thereof

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the Patent Office of China on March 5, 2024, with application number 202420421618.4, with the invention name “A perovskite photovoltaic module”, and the Chinese patent application filed with the Patent Office of China on September 29, 2024, with application number 202422383350.2, with the invention name “Photovoltaic module”, as well as the Chinese patent application filed with the Patent Office of China on November 25, 2024, with application number 202422888133.9, with the invention name “Photovoltaic module”, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0003] The present application relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, and in particular to a photovoltaic module and a method for preparing the same. Background Art

[0004] In the photovoltaic field, perovskite photovoltaic cells are extremely sensitive to water vapor. Even a small amount of water vapor can cause the cells to decompose and then cause the components to fail. This poses a challenge to the battery packaging design. In particular, the water vapor barrier design at the backsheet hole where the junction box is installed is crucial. The purpose of the backsheet hole is to allow the drainage strip to lead the module current from the inside of the module through the backsheet hole. The junction box is then installed at the backsheet hole. The junction box is fixed to the backsheet with silicone adhesive. The water vapor transmission rate of silicone is between 40 and 80 g / (24h·m 2 ) range, it is impossible to effectively block water vapor, so the lead-out hole position can only rely on its own water vapor barrier ability to prevent external water vapor from invading the interior of the component through the backplane hole.

[0005] Thin-film photovoltaic cells are typically encapsulated using front and back glass. The positive and negative electrodes of the photovoltaic cells are led out of the lead-out holes of the back glass via electrical connectors (usually busbars). To ensure the tightness of the packaging space within the photovoltaic cell module, the lead-out holes need to be sealed with sealing materials. In related technologies, existing technologies generally use sealants made of highly water-resistant materials to fill the back panel installation holes. The height of the sealants is limited to the thickness of the back panel. Since the water vapor barrier capacity of the sealants is proportional to the height of the sealants, the height of the sealants in existing technologies cannot meet the water vapor barrier performance requirements of the photovoltaic module, thereby affecting the outdoor service life of the photovoltaic module.

[0006] Currently, the industry typically uses a sufficiently wide, highly water-resistant butyl rubber sealant for perovskite cell edge encapsulation to prevent external moisture intrusion. Figure 1 shows a conventional water-resistant design for the lead-out holes of a perovskite module, where the hole is filled with butyl rubber to create a seal. However, this encapsulation method still fails to meet practical requirements for water vapor isolation. Although the prior art uses butyl rubber, a universal material with high water resistance, to fill the entire backsheet hole position, in addition to butyl rubber, there are also drain strips at the backsheet hole position. The drain strips are vertical in the backsheet hole. After the assembly is laid, the lamination is performed, and the lamination pressure is also vertical. The horizontal direction mainly relies on the squeezing force between the internal materials of the butyl rubber. This force cannot ensure that the drain strips and the butyl rubber are seamlessly and tightly combined. Water vapor can penetrate the interior of the assembly through the cross section of the drain strips and the butyl rubber. In addition, the height of the butyl rubber used to plug the holes in the above design is limited to the thickness of the backsheet. Because the water vapor barrier ability of the butyl rubber is proportional to the height of the butyl rubber, the height of the butyl rubber in this design cannot meet the water vapor barrier performance requirements of the perovskite photovoltaic module, thereby affecting the outdoor service life of the photovoltaic module. In the prior art, as shown in Figure 1, some perovskite photovoltaic cells 1 need to be installed with a junction box 7. The backsheet 3 is provided with a lead-out hole 101 to enable the drain strip 4 of the perovskite photovoltaic cell 1 to be led out, and the led-out drain strip 4 is connected to the terminal 6 in the junction box 7. To achieve a water-tight seal, the lead-out hole 101 is typically filled with butyl rubber. However, this approach has several drawbacks. The height of the butyl rubber in the lead-out hole is limited by the thickness of the backsheet 3, making it difficult to achieve ideal water-tightness. During the lamination process, the backsheet 3 is prone to deformation at the lead-out hole. Temperature fluctuations cause stress changes, further weakening the water-tightness of the butyl rubber at the lead-out hole 101. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present application aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, one purpose of the present application is to propose a photovoltaic module and a preparation method thereof. According to the photovoltaic module of the present application, by providing a sealing body with an extension covering the periphery of the lead-out hole, under the action of multiple waterproof measures, it meets the requirements of the perovskite photovoltaic module for water vapor barrier performance, solves the problem of water blocking failure at the plugging position caused by the existing design, extends the outdoor service life of the photovoltaic module, and has good development potential; by at least part of the sealing member being accommodated in the lead-out hole and an extension portion being formed on the sealing member on the side of the back plate away from the photovoltaic cell, the thickness of the sealing member is increased, thereby extending the water vapor intrusion path and improving the service life of the photovoltaic module; and solves the problem that the height of the butyl rubber in the lead-out hole is restricted by the thickness of the back plate, resulting in poor water resistance of the photovoltaic module.

[0008] To achieve this goal, this application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0009] In a first aspect, the present application provides a photovoltaic module comprising: a battery; a back plate, the back plate being arranged on one side of the battery and having at least one lead-out hole; a sealing body, at least a portion of the sealing body being accommodated in the lead-out hole; an extension portion being formed on the sealing body and covering the outer periphery of the lead-out hole; and an electrical connector, one end of the electrical connector being electrically connected to the battery, and the other end passing through the sealing body and extending out of the lead-out hole.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the present application, the extension portion includes a transverse extension portion located outside the outlet hole.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the present application, the extension portion includes a longitudinal extension portion located on a side of the back plate facing away from the battery.

[0012] In a second aspect, the present application provides a perovskite photovoltaic module, which includes a perovskite cell, a film, a backboard, a first waterproof film and a second waterproof film bonded together in sequence; the perovskite photovoltaic module also includes a drainage strip, which connects the perovskite cell and passes through the film, the backboard and the first waterproof film. The hole formed by the drainage strip passing through the first waterproof film is completely covered by the second waterproof film, and a portion of the drainage strip is located between the first waterproof film and the second waterproof film.

[0013] This application provides a first waterproof film and a second waterproof film, and under the action of multiple waterproof measures, meets the requirements of the perovskite photovoltaic module for water vapor barrier performance, and solves the problem of water blocking failure at the plugging position caused by the existing design.

[0014] It solves the problem and extends the outdoor service life of photovoltaic modules, which has good development potential.

[0015] It should be noted that the drain bar is used to connect the battery to the outside world and output electrical energy. There are usually two drain bars, and each drain bar needs to be insulated from the others.

[0016] As a technical solution of the present application, the first waterproof film and the second waterproof film are both butyl films.

[0017] Optionally, the water vapor transmission rate of the butyl film is ≤0.1g / (24h·m 2 ), for example, it can be 0.001 g / (24h·m 2 )、0.01g / (24h·m 2 ) or 0.1g / (24h·m 2 ) etc. However, it is not limited to the listed values, and other values ​​not listed in the numerical range are also applicable.

[0018] As a technical solution of the present application, a water-blocking material sealing member is provided in the hole formed by the drainage strip passing through the film, the backboard and the first waterproof film, and the water-blocking material sealing member uses butyl rubber as the water-blocking material.

[0019] As a technical solution of the present application, the first waterproof film and the second waterproof film both include extensions extending in the width direction of both sides of the drain strip, and the extensions of the first waterproof film are tightly connected to the extensions of the second waterproof film. It should be noted that the extensions refer to the portions of the first waterproof film and the second waterproof film that do not overlap with the drain strip in the width direction. For example, in FIG3 , the drain strip 4 is attached to the surface of the first waterproof film 8 after being drawn out of the hole, while the second waterproof film 9 is attached to the surface of the drain strip 4 away from the first waterproof film 8. Therefore, on both sides of the drain strip 4 in the width direction, there are the first waterproof film 8 and the second waterproof film 8 that are not attached to the drain strip 4. On any side of the drain strip 4 in the width direction, the first waterproof film 8 or the second waterproof film 9 that is not attached to the drain strip 4 can be referred to as an extension 11.

[0020] As a technical solution of the present application, the width of the extension portion is greater than 0 mm, for example, it can be 2 mm, 3 mm or 5 mm, etc. However, it is not limited to the listed values, and other values ​​not listed within the numerical range are also applicable.

[0021] As a technical solution of the present application, the length of each drainage strip between the first waterproof film and the second waterproof film is ≥10 mm, for example, 10 mm, 15 mm, or 20 mm, etc. However, this is not limited to the listed values, and other values ​​not listed within this range are also applicable.

[0022] Optionally, the diameter of the holes formed by the drainage strip passing through the film, the back plate and the first waterproof film is ≤11 mm, for example, 11 mm, 8 mm or 5 mm, etc. However, this is not limited to the listed values, and other values ​​not listed within this range are also applicable.

[0023] As a technical solution of the present application, the thickness of the second waterproof film is 0.1-0.8 mm, for example, 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.6 mm or 0.8 mm, etc. However, this is not limited to the listed values, and other values ​​not listed within this range are also applicable.

[0024] In this application, if the thickness of the second waterproof film is too thin, the burrs of the drainage strip may pierce the second waterproof film and the water-blocking film. When the positive and negative electrode drainage strips are pierced at the same time, the positive and negative electrodes will be short-circuited by the metal layer in the water-blocking film, posing a safety hazard; if the thickness of the second waterproof film is too thick, a relatively large protrusion will be formed, causing large local deformation of the water-blocking film, making it difficult to cover tightly, resulting in water-blocking failure, affecting the appearance, and wasting materials.

[0025] As a technical solution of the present application, a water-blocking composite film is provided on the surface of the second waterproof film away from the hole.

[0026] In the present application, a water-blocking composite film is provided to help prevent external water vapor from invading the interior of the component.

[0027] Optionally, the water-blocking composite film comprises any one of glass, aluminum / PET film, PET / aluminum / PET film or a composite film consisting of metal and plastic.

[0028] It should be noted that aluminum / PET film refers to a composite film composed of an aluminum layer and a PET layer, rather than a film formed by a mixture of two substances. The same is true for PET / aluminum / PET film and composite films composed of metal and plastic.

[0029] It should be noted that aluminum mainly plays the role of blocking water vapor, and PET (polyethylene terephthalate) plays the role of insulation.

[0030] As a technical solution of the present application, the thickness of the water-blocking composite membrane is 50-500 μm, for example, 50 μm, 100 μm, 200 μm, 300 μm, 400 μm or 500 μm, etc. However, this is not limited to the listed values, and other values ​​not listed within this range are also applicable.

[0031] In the present application, if the thickness of the water-blocking composite film is too thin, the water-blocking capability is poor; if the thickness of the water-blocking composite film is too thick, the cost is high.

[0032] As a technical solution of the present application, the material of the adhesive film may include POE (polyolefin elastomer) and / or PVB (polyvinyl butyral). Those skilled in the art may select other materials or design composite structures according to actual needs, and the present application does not impose any restrictions on this.

[0033] As a technical solution of the present application, the perovskite photovoltaic module further includes a junction box, the terminal posts in the junction box are electrically connected to the drain bar, and the junction box is sealed and bonded to the backplane.

[0034] It should be noted that the junction box is sealed and bonded to the back plate, indicating that the first waterproof film and the second waterproof film are located inside the space enclosed by the back plate and the junction box.

[0035] Optionally, the junction box and the back plate are bonded together by silicone or a composite adhesive of silicone and butyl adhesive.

[0036] As a technical solution of the present application, the backplane includes a glass or polymer composite backplane.

[0037] The numerical range described in this application includes not only the point values ​​listed above, but also any point values ​​between the above numerical ranges that are not listed. Due to space limitations and for the sake of simplicity, this application no longer exhaustively lists the specific point values ​​included in the range.

[0038] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0039] This application utilizes a first waterproof film and a second waterproof film that are tightly attached to the drain strip, sealing the drain strip with the first and second waterproof films. Water-blocking material plugging members are also placed in the holes formed by the drain strip. This multi-faceted waterproofing approach meets the vapor barrier performance requirements of perovskite photovoltaic modules, addresses the issue of water-blocking failure at the plugging locations associated with existing designs, and extends the outdoor service life of photovoltaic modules, demonstrating promising development potential.

[0040] In a third aspect, the photovoltaic assembly according to the present application includes: a photovoltaic cell; a backboard, the backboard being arranged on one side of the photovoltaic cell and having a lead-out hole formed on the backboard for the electrical connector to pass through; a seal, at least a portion of the seal being accommodated in the lead-out hole and having an extension portion formed on the seal located on the side of the backboard away from the photovoltaic cell; an electrical connector, one end of the electrical connector passing through the seal and being electrically connected to the photovoltaic cell, and the other end of the electrical connector being suitable for connecting to a power distribution device.

[0041] According to the photovoltaic module of the present application, the lead-out hole is closed by at least a portion of the seal, and an extension portion is formed on at least another portion of the seal, protruding from the side of the back plate away from the photovoltaic cell. The extension portion increases the thickness of the seal, prolongs the time for water vapor to invade the interior of the photovoltaic module, and improves the service life of the photovoltaic module.

[0042] According to some embodiments of the present application, the seal includes: a sealing portion, which is arranged in the lead-out hole and is suitable for closing the lead-out hole; a raised portion, which is arranged at an end of the sealing portion away from the photovoltaic cell, the raised portion protrudes from the back panel surface and covers the outer periphery of the lead-out hole, and the raised portion is constructed as the extension portion.

[0043] According to some embodiments of the present application, a cross-sectional area of ​​the protrusion gradually decreases in a direction from the photovoltaic cell toward the backsheet.

[0044] According to some embodiments of the present application, at least a portion of the electrical connector is adapted to pass through a top surface or an outer peripheral side of the protrusion.

[0045] According to some embodiments of the present application, a fitting hole is formed on the sealing member and is obliquely arranged on the radial outside of the photovoltaic cell toward the back plate, and the fitting hole is suitable for the electrical connector to pass through.

[0046] According to some embodiments of the present application, the electrical connector includes: a main body section, which is arranged on the photovoltaic cell and parallel to the back plate; an inclined section, one end of which is connected to the main body section, at least a portion of the inclined section is accommodated in the mating hole and in the direction from the photovoltaic cell toward the back plate, the inclined section is inclined from the center of the seal to the outer periphery, and the other end of the inclined section is suitable for connecting to a power distribution device.

[0047] In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a photovoltaic module, comprising: a backboard, having at least one lead-out hole; a battery cell, arranged on one side of the backboard; a first seal, clamped between the battery cell and the backboard, the first seal corresponding to the position of the lead-out hole and the coverage area of ​​the first seal being larger than the cross-sectional area of ​​the lead-out hole; a second seal, arranged in the lead-out hole and sealedly connected to the first seal; a bus bar, one end of which is electrically connected to the battery cell, and the other end of which is sequentially passed through the first seal and the second seal and extends out of the lead-out hole.

[0048] Beneficial Effects: This photovoltaic module sandwiches a first seal between the battery cell and the backsheet, and seals a second seal within the lead-out hole, with the first and second seals forming a hermetically sealed connection. When extracting the busbar, one end of the busbar is passed through the first and second seals, respectively, so that the end of the busbar extends out of the lead-out hole. For moisture from the outside of the backsheet to enter the inside of the backsheet, it must pass through the second and first seals, respectively. Because the first seal aligns with the lead-out hole and its coverage area is larger than the cross-sectional area of ​​the lead-out hole, the first and second seals effectively extend the path for moisture to enter, extending the path horizontally and significantly enhancing the barrier to moisture. Furthermore, because the first and second seals are located within the photovoltaic module, the size of the junction box and any installation interference need not be considered. Compared to the prior art method of simply filling the lead-out hole with butyl rubber, this structural design better prevents moisture from entering the module, reducing the risk of moisture-induced module failure. It is particularly suitable for perovskite photovoltaic cell modules that are sensitive to moisture.

[0049] The risk of water vapor causing photovoltaic module failure is particularly applicable to perovskite photovoltaic cell modules that are sensitive to water vapor.

[0050] The presence of the first seal prevents the second seal within the lead-out hole from being directly subjected to significant stress. This reduces the impact of stress changes on the seal under conditions such as temperature fluctuations, lowering the risk of backplate deformation at the lead-out hole. This enhances the overall structural stability of the module and ensures reliable operation in diverse environmental conditions.

[0051] In an optional embodiment, a water-blocking film is further included, which is covered on the film layer of the battery core and sandwiched between the battery core and the first sealing member.

[0052] Beneficial Effects: The water-blocking film, applied over the cell membrane and sandwiched between the cell and the first seal, further increases the barrier to water vapor intrusion. The water-blocking film effectively prevents water vapor from penetrating the tiny gap between the cell and the first seal, further reducing the risk of water vapor intrusion inside the photovoltaic module and ensuring long-term stable operation.

[0053] In addition, the water-blocking film acts as an isolation barrier, preventing direct contact between the first seal and the cell membrane. This prevents stress and strain caused by differences in thermal expansion and contraction between the first seal and the cell membrane during temperature fluctuations, thereby preventing damage such as membrane peeling. This effectively protects the integrity of the cell membrane, maintains stable cell performance, and ensures overall module power generation efficiency.

[0054] In an optional embodiment, the coverage area of ​​the first sealing component is located within the coverage area of ​​the water-blocking film.

[0055] Beneficial effect: When water vapor invades from the outside, since the first seal is located inside the water-blocking film, even if the water vapor is at the edge of the first seal, it must first pass through the water-blocking film before it can reach the battery cell, further extending the water vapor invasion path, thereby maximizing the water-blocking performance of the water-blocking film, preventing water vapor from bypassing weak areas such as the edge of the first seal and entering the interior of the photovoltaic module, further improving the overall water vapor barrier effect of the module.

[0056] In an optional embodiment, the busbar includes an application section and a lead-out section connected to the application section, the application section and the lead-out section are arranged at an angle, the application section is arranged in the first seal, and the lead-out section passes through the lead-out hole.

[0057] Beneficial Effects: The angled arrangement of the application section and the lead-out section allows for more flexible busbar layout within the photovoltaic module. The application section is used to lead the current from the electrode end to the lead-out hole, fully utilizing the space within the first seal. The lead-out section can smoothly pass through the second seal, exit the lead-out hole, and extend to the outside. The lead-out section is used to lead the current out of the lead-out hole, facilitating the compact design of the photovoltaic module's internal structure and ensuring that the busbar can be smoothly led out of the lead-out hole while maintaining the module's waterproof performance.

[0058] The application section and the lead-out section are respectively arranged in the first seal and the second seal, which can play a certain role in fixing and protecting the application section and the lead-out section. During the production, transportation, installation and operation of photovoltaic modules, the risk of displacement, loosening or damage of the busbar due to external forces, vibrations and other factors can be reduced, ensuring that the electrical connection between the busbar and the battery cell is stable and reliable. Compared with the conventional method in which the application section and the lead-out section are arranged on the back plate or the wall of the lead-out hole, the first seal and the second seal respectively wrap around the application section and the lead-out section, which can prevent water vapor from penetrating from the contact surface of the busbar to the inside.

[0059] In an optional embodiment, the first sealing member includes a first water blocking sheet and a second water blocking sheet stacked together, the second water blocking sheet is arranged between the first water blocking sheet and the back plate, and the application section is sealed between the first water blocking sheet and the second water blocking sheet.

[0060] Beneficial Effects: The stacked first and second water-blocking sheets facilitate the placement of components during the packaging of photovoltaic modules, improving packaging efficiency. Furthermore, pre-installing the first and second water-blocking sheets during packaging ensures accurate placement of the first sealing member.

[0061] The application section seal is arranged between the first water blocking sheet and the second water blocking sheet, so as to facilitate the bus bar to pass through the first sealing member, while ensuring the sealing reliability between the bus bar and the first sealing member.

[0062] In an optional embodiment, the second water blocking sheet is provided with through holes corresponding one to one with the lead-out holes, and the through holes are suitable for the lead-out sections to pass through.

[0063] Beneficial effect: During the assembly process, the lead-out section of the busbar can be passed through the through hole and extended to the outside of the lead-out hole, thereby realizing accurate planning of the busbar lead-out path, so as to facilitate leading the lead-out section of the busbar out of the lead-out hole, thereby improving the accuracy and efficiency of photovoltaic module assembly.

[0064] In an optional embodiment, the second sealing member is a cured water-blocking adhesive; and / or both the first sealing member and the second sealing member are cured water-blocking adhesive.

[0065] Beneficial Effect: The cured water-blocking adhesive of the second sealant tightly fills the space within the lead-out hole, forming a seal structure that is highly compatible with the shape of the lead-out hole. This effectively fills tiny gaps and irregular surfaces within the hole, preventing moisture from entering the component directly through the lead-out hole. This provides a reliable seal and effectively isolates the internal environment of the component from external moisture.

[0066] When both the first and second sealants are made of cured water-blocking adhesive, the consistency of their material properties contributes to a more coordinated sealing system, reducing stress concentration at the sealing interface caused by material differences and making the sealing structure more stable and reliable. Furthermore, a coherent barrier is formed to prevent water vapor, improving the overall water vapor barrier capability of the photovoltaic module. Furthermore, by injecting water-blocking adhesive to form the first and second sealants, the busbars within the first and second sealants can be better secured and sealed, simplifying the assembly process of the photovoltaic module.

[0067] In an optional embodiment, the first sealing component and the second sealing component are integrally formed.

[0068] Benefits: Integrated molding eliminates any gaps or interfaces between the first and second seals, creating a continuous, integrated seal barrier. This prevents moisture from penetrating the PV module through the joints between the seals, ensuring a tight vapor barrier. This effectively prevents moisture from diffusing into the module, significantly improving its moisture resistance and extending its service life.

[0069] The integrally formed first and second sealing members reduce production steps and enhance the overall strength of the first and second sealing members.

[0070] In an optional embodiment, the water vapor transmission rate of the water-blocking film, the first sealing member and the second sealing member is less than 10 g / m 2 / day.

[0071] Benefits: The low water vapor transmission rate enables the water-blocking film, first sealant, and second sealant to effectively block water vapor penetration. Even in environments where PV modules are exposed to humid air or high humidity for extended periods, they form a reliable barrier to prevent water vapor from entering the module. This ensures the long-term stability and performance reliability of the PV modules, significantly extending their service life.

[0072] In a fifth aspect, the present application provides a method for preparing a photovoltaic module, for preparing the photovoltaic module of the fourth aspect, wherein the second water blocking sheet is provided with through holes corresponding one-to-one to the lead-out holes, the method comprising the following steps:

[0073] Placing the water-blocking film on the film layer of the battery cell;

[0074] Place the first water blocking sheet on the water blocking film, place the application section of the busbar on the first water blocking sheet, and then place the second water blocking sheet on the first water blocking sheet so that the application section is sandwiched between the first water blocking sheet and the second water blocking sheet;

[0075] Place the back plate cover on the second water blocking sheet so that the lead-out hole on the back plate corresponds to the position of the through hole on the second water blocking sheet, and pass the lead-out section of the busbar through the through hole and the lead-out hole;

[0076] The photovoltaic module is placed in a laminator for heating and laminating, so that the first water barrier sheet and the second water barrier sheet are melted into a colloid state, and the photovoltaic module is taken out before or after it is completely cooled;

[0077] The water-blocking glue used to form the second sealing member is injected into the lead-out hole and the lead-out hole is sealed, so that the second sealing member is sealed and connected to the second water-blocking sheet.

[0078] In a sixth aspect, the present application further provides a method for preparing a photovoltaic module, which is used to prepare the photovoltaic module of the fourth aspect, comprising the following steps:

[0079] Placing the water-blocking film on the film layer of the battery cell;

[0080] placing the busbar on the water-blocking film;

[0081] Cover the back plate and pass the lead section of the busbar through the lead hole on the back plate;

[0082] A water-blocking adhesive is injected into the lead-out hole. After the water-blocking adhesive is cured, the water-blocking adhesive forms a second sealing member in the lead-out hole and simultaneously forms a first sealing member between the water-blocking film and the back plate.

[0083] Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be given in part in the description below, and in part will become obvious from the description below, or will be learned through practice of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0084] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and easily understood from the description of the embodiments in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0085] Figure 1 is an overall schematic diagram of a conventional perovskite photovoltaic module.

[0086] FIG2 is an overall schematic diagram of a perovskite photovoltaic module provided in a specific embodiment of the present application.

[0087] FIG3 is a schematic diagram of an exploded view of a perovskite photovoltaic module provided in a specific embodiment of the present application.

[0088] FIG4 is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic assembly according to one embodiment of the present application;

[0089] FIG5 is a schematic structural diagram of a sealing member according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0090] FIG6 is a schematic diagram of a sealing member disposed on a molding die sleeve according to one embodiment of the present application;

[0091] FIG7 is a cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0092] FIG8 is a production flow chart of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0093] Reference numerals: 1. perovskite cell; 2. adhesive film; 3. back sheet; 4. drainage strip; 5. water-blocking material plugging member; 6. terminal; 7. junction box; 8. first waterproof film; 9. second waterproof film; 10. water-blocking composite film; 11. extension portion;

[0094] 100, photovoltaic module; 11, photovoltaic cell; 13, main body; 14, inclined section; 21, sealing portion; 22, raised portion; 23, mating hole; 31, mold sleeve; 32, protective layer. 12, battery cell; 17, first sealing member; 101, lead-out hole; 201, membrane layer; 301, first water-blocking sheet; 302, second water-blocking sheet; 3021, through-hole; 18, second sealing member; 15, busbar; 501, application section; 502, lead-out section; 16, water-blocking film. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0095] It should be understood that in the description of this application, the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on this application. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, features defined as "first", "second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of this application, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means two or more.

[0096] In the description of the present application, a first feature being “on” or “under” a second feature may include the first and second features being in direct contact with each other, or the first and second features being in contact with each other not directly but via another feature therebetween.

[0097] In the description of this application, a first feature “on”, “above” and “above” a second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is horizontally higher than the second feature.

[0098] In the description of this specification, reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "illustrative embodiment", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application.

[0099] It should be noted that, in the description of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to internal connections between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application based on specific circumstances.

[0100] Those skilled in the art should understand that this application must include necessary pipelines, conventional valves and general pump equipment for realizing a complete process, but the above content does not constitute the main innovation of this application. Those skilled in the art can add layouts on their own based on the process flow and equipment structure selection, and this application does not make special requirements or specific limitations on this.

[0101] The following describes in detail embodiments of the present application. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present application and are not to be construed as limiting the present application.

[0102] To make the purpose, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0103] The present application provides a photovoltaic module, comprising:

[0104] Battery;

[0105] A back plate 3, which is disposed on one side of the battery and has at least one lead-out hole 101;

[0106] a sealing body, at least a portion of which is received in the lead-out hole 101; and an extension portion covering the outer periphery of the lead-out hole 101 is formed on the sealing body;

[0107] An electrical connector, one end of which is electrically connected to the battery, and the other end of which passes through the sealing body and extends out of the lead-out hole 101 .

[0108] In one embodiment, the extension portion includes a transverse extension portion located outside the outlet hole 101. For example, an embodiment shown in Figures 2-3 and an embodiment shown in Figures 7-8.

[0109] In another embodiment, the extension portion includes a longitudinal extension portion located on a side of the back plate 3 facing away from the battery, such as an embodiment shown in Figures 4-6.

[0110] The technical solution of the present application will be further described below with reference to Figures 2 to 3 through specific implementations.

[0111] Example 1

[0112] This embodiment provides a perovskite photovoltaic module, the overall schematic diagram of the perovskite photovoltaic module is shown in Figure 2, and its decomposition schematic diagram is shown in Figure 3. The perovskite photovoltaic module includes a perovskite cell 1, an adhesive film 2, a backboard 3, a first waterproof film 8 and a second waterproof film 9 that are bonded together in sequence.

[0113] The perovskite photovoltaic module also includes a drain bar 4, which connects the perovskite cell 1 and passes through the adhesive film 2, the back panel 3 and the first waterproof film 8. The hole formed by the drain bar 4 passing through the first waterproof film 8 is completely covered by the second waterproof film 9, and a portion of the drain bar 4 is located between the first waterproof film 8 and the second waterproof film 9.

[0114] A water-blocking composite film 10 is provided on the surface of the second waterproof film 9 away from the hole. The water-blocking composite film 10 completely covers the second waterproof film 9. The water-blocking composite film 10 is an aluminum / PET film with a thickness of 200 μm.

[0115] The vertical projections of the first waterproof film 8 and the second waterproof film 9 completely overlap.

[0116] The first waterproof film 8 and the second waterproof film 9 both include extensions 11 extending in the width direction of both sides of the drainage strip 4. The extensions 11 of the first waterproof film 8 are tightly connected to the extensions 11 of the second waterproof film 9. The width of the extensions 11 is 10 mm.

[0117] The length of each drainage strip 4 between the first waterproof film 8 and the second waterproof film 9 is 10 mm.

[0118] The diameter of the holes formed by the drainage strip 4 penetrating the adhesive film 2, the back plate 3 and the first waterproof film 8 are all 8 mm.

[0119] The first waterproof film 8 and the second waterproof film 9 are both butyl films, and the water vapor transmission rate is 0.02g / (24h·m 2 ).

[0120] The thickness of the second waterproof film 9 is 0.5 mm.

[0121] The drainage strip 4 passes through the hole formed by the film 2, the back plate 3 and the first waterproof film 8, and a water-blocking material plugging piece 5 is provided. The water-blocking material plugging piece 5 has a water vapor transmission rate of 0.02g / (24h·m 2 ) butyl rubber as water-blocking material.

[0122] The material of the adhesive film 2 is POE.

[0123] The perovskite photovoltaic module also includes a junction box 7, the terminal posts in the junction box 7 are electrically connected to the drain bar 4, the junction box 7 is sealed and bonded to the backboard 3, and the junction box 7 and the backboard 3 are bonded by silicone. The backboard 3 is a glass backboard.

[0124] This embodiment also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned perovskite photovoltaic module, the preparation method comprising the following steps:

[0125] (1) A perovskite cell is prepared and a drain strip is applied to obtain a perovskite cell with a drain strip.

[0126] (2) A film, a back plate and a first waterproof film are sequentially applied to the back electrode of the perovskite cell, and a drainage strip passes through the film, the back plate and the first waterproof film, and a water-blocking material sealing member is provided in the hole formed by the drainage strip passing through the film, the back plate and the first waterproof film.

[0127] (3) Folding the drainage strip extending from the hole so that the folded drainage strip is in contact with the first waterproof film.

[0128] (4) A second waterproof film and a water-blocking composite film are sequentially applied on the folded horizontal drainage strip, so that the second waterproof film completely overlaps with the vertical projection of the second waterproof film, and the water-blocking composite film completely covers the second waterproof film.

[0129] (5) laminating the perovskite cell, the adhesive film, the backboard, the first waterproof film, the second waterproof film, the drain strip and the water-blocking composite film to form a whole, and then electrically connecting the end of the drain strip to the terminal of the junction box to obtain the perovskite photovoltaic module.

[0130] Example 2

[0131] This embodiment provides a perovskite photovoltaic module, which includes a perovskite cell 1, an adhesive film 2, a backboard 3, a first waterproof film 8, and a second waterproof film 9 that are sequentially bonded together.

[0132] The perovskite photovoltaic module also includes a drain bar 4, which connects the perovskite cell 1 and passes through the adhesive film 2, the back panel 3 and the first waterproof film 8. The hole formed by the drain bar 4 passing through the first waterproof film 8 is completely covered by the second waterproof film 9, and a portion of the drain bar 4 is located between the first waterproof film 8 and the second waterproof film 9.

[0133] A water-blocking composite film 10 is provided on the surface of the second waterproof film 9 away from the hole. The water-blocking composite film 10 completely covers the second waterproof film 9. The water-blocking composite film 10 is a PET / aluminum / PET film with a thickness of 100 μm.

[0134] The vertical projections of the first waterproof film 8 and the second waterproof film 9 completely overlap.

[0135] The first waterproof film 8 and the second waterproof film 9 both include extensions 11 extending in the width direction of both sides of the drainage strip 4. The extensions 11 of the first waterproof film 8 are tightly connected to the extensions 11 of the second waterproof film 9. The width of the extensions 11 is 8 mm.

[0136] The length of each drainage strip 4 between the first waterproof film 8 and the second waterproof film 9 is 12 mm.

[0137] The diameter of the holes formed by the drainage strip 4 penetrating the adhesive film 2, the back plate 3 and the first waterproof film 8 is 5 mm.

[0138] The first waterproof film 8 and the second waterproof film 9 are both butyl films, and the water vapor transmission rate is 0.02g / (24h·m 2 ).

[0139] The thickness of the second waterproof film 9 is 0.3 mm.

[0140] The drainage strip 4 passes through the hole formed by the film 2, the back plate 3 and the first waterproof film 8, and a water-blocking material plugging piece 5 is provided. The water-blocking material plugging piece 5 uses butyl rubber with a water vapor permeability of 0.02g / (24h·m2) as the water-blocking material.

[0141] The material of the adhesive film 2 is PVB.

[0142] The perovskite photovoltaic module also includes a junction box 7, the terminal posts in the junction box 7 are electrically connected to the drain bar 4, the junction box 7 is sealed and bonded to the backboard 3, and the junction box 7 and the backboard 3 are bonded by a composite adhesive composed of silicone and butyl adhesive. The backboard 3 is a glass backboard.

[0143] Example 3

[0144] This embodiment provides a perovskite photovoltaic module, which includes a perovskite cell 1, an adhesive film 2, a backboard 3, a first waterproof film 8, and a second waterproof film 9 that are sequentially bonded together.

[0145] The perovskite photovoltaic module also includes a drain bar 4, which connects the perovskite cell 1 and passes through the adhesive film 2, the back panel 3 and the first waterproof film 8. The hole formed by the drain bar 4 passing through the first waterproof film 8 is completely covered by the second waterproof film 9, and a portion of the drain bar 4 is located between the first waterproof film 8 and the second waterproof film 9.

[0146] A water-blocking composite film 10 is provided on the surface of the second waterproof film 9 away from the hole. The water-blocking composite film 10 completely covers the second waterproof film 9. The water-blocking composite film 10 is an aluminum / PET film with a thickness of 500 μm.

[0147] The vertical projections of the first waterproof film 8 and the second waterproof film 9 completely overlap.

[0148] The first waterproof film 8 and the second waterproof film 9 both include extensions 11 extending in the width direction of both sides of the drainage strip 4. The extensions 11 of the first waterproof film 8 are tightly connected to the extensions 11 of the second waterproof film 9. The width of the extensions 11 is 10 mm.

[0149] The length of each drainage strip 4 between the first waterproof film 8 and the second waterproof film 9 is 12 mm;

[0150] The diameter of the holes formed by the drainage strip 4 passing through the adhesive film 2, the back plate 3 and the first waterproof film 8 is 9 mm;

[0151] The first waterproof film 8 and the second waterproof film 9 are both butyl films, and the water vapor transmission rate is 0.02g / (24h·m 2 ).

[0152] The thickness of the second waterproof film 9 is 0.8 mm.

[0153] The drainage strip 4 passes through the hole formed by the film 2, the back plate 3 and the first waterproof film 8, and a water-blocking material plugging piece 5 is provided. The water-blocking material plugging piece 5 uses butyl rubber with a water vapor permeability of 0.02g / (24h·m2) as the water-blocking material.

[0154] The material of the adhesive film 2 is POE.

[0155] The perovskite photovoltaic module also includes a junction box 7, the terminal posts in the junction box 7 are electrically connected to the drain bar 4, the junction box 7 is sealed and bonded to the backboard 3, and the junction box 7 and the backboard 3 are bonded by silicone. The backboard 3 is a glass backboard.

[0156] Example 4

[0157] The only difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the thickness of the second waterproof film 9 is 0.05 mm.

[0158] Example 5

[0159] The only difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the thickness of the second waterproof film 9 is 1 mm.

[0160] Example 6

[0161] The only difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the thickness of the water-blocking composite film 10 is 30 μm.

[0162] Example 7

[0163] The only difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the thickness of the water-blocking composite film 10 is 600 μm.

[0164] Example 8

[0165] The only difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the water-blocking composite membrane 10 is not provided.

[0166] analyze:

[0167] In the present application, the first and second waterproof films are provided at the same time in order to effectively wrap the drainage strip. If the first waterproof film is not provided, the drainage strip and the back plate will not be bonded together, and the interface between the drainage strip and the back plate will become a water vapor intrusion channel. If the second waterproof film is not provided, the drainage strip and the water-blocking composite membrane will not be bonded together, and the interface between the drainage strip and the water-blocking composite membrane will become a water vapor intrusion channel. The waterproof film not only has the function of blocking water vapor but also has the function of bonding, so the first and second waterproof films are indispensable.

[0168] Thin-film photovoltaic cells are usually encapsulated by front glass and back glass. The positive and negative poles of the photovoltaic cells are led out from the lead-out holes of the back glass through electrical connectors (usually busbars). In order to ensure the sealing of the internal packaging space of the photovoltaic cell module, it is necessary to encapsulate and plug the lead-out holes with sealing materials.

[0169] In the related technology, the existing technology generally uses seals made of high water-resistant materials to fill the backplane installation hole positions. The height of the seal is limited to the thickness of the backplane. Since the water vapor barrier capability of the seal is proportional to the height of the seal, the height of the seal in the existing technology cannot meet the requirements of the photovoltaic module for water vapor barrier performance, thereby affecting the outdoor service life of the photovoltaic module.

[0170] Assuming the sum of the thicknesses of the backsheet 3, first waterproof film 8, and second waterproof film 9 to be A, and the distance from the outer edge of the overlapped area of ​​the first waterproof film 8 / second waterproof film 9 to the outer edge of the lead-out hole 101 to be B, then A + B is the total path for external water vapor intrusion. Based on this, multiple sets of aging tests were performed on the battery assembly.

[0171] The test method is: in the aging box, using a solar simulator, the light intensity is 1000W / m 2 , 25℃, humidity 21%; test at different times under one sunlight to observe the appearance near the lead-out hole.

[0172] The test parameters are shown in Table 1:

[0173] Table 1: Aging test record of different butyl rubber widths

[0174] The battery backsheet thickness in each embodiment in Table 1 is 2.5 mm. The difference in width A+B is primarily due to the increase in dimension B. As shown in Table 1, as dimension B increases, the waterproof performance at the lead-out hole is significantly improved, and the anti-aging time is significantly increased, thereby extending the service life of the battery assembly.

[0175] The photovoltaic assembly according to the embodiment of the present application is described below with reference to FIG. 4 to FIG. 6 .

[0176] According to the present application, the photovoltaic module 100 includes: a photovoltaic cell 11, a backboard 3, a seal and an electrical connector. The backboard 3 is arranged on one side of the photovoltaic cell 11 and an outlet hole for the electrical connector to pass through is formed on the backboard 3; at least a portion of the seal is accommodated in the outlet hole and an extension portion is formed on the seal located on the side of the backboard 3 away from the photovoltaic cell 11; one end of the electrical connector passes through the seal and is electrically connected to the photovoltaic cell 11, and the other end of the electrical connector is suitable for connecting to a power distribution device.

[0177] In some specific embodiments, the photovoltaic module 100 is composed of a photovoltaic cell 11, a backboard 3 and an electrical connector. The photovoltaic cell 11 is provided with a backboard 3 on one side in the thickness direction. A lead-out hole is formed on the backboard 3, and the lead-out hole is suitable for the electrical connector to pass through. At least a portion of the seal is arranged in the lead-out hole and closes the lead-out hole. An extension portion is formed on the seal that protrudes from the side of the backboard 3 away from the photovoltaic cell 11. One end of the electrical connector passes through the extension portion. The extension portion increases the thickness of the seal, thereby extending the path for water vapor to invade into the interior of the photovoltaic module 100, extending the time for water vapor to invade into the interior of the photovoltaic module 100, and improving the service life of the photovoltaic module 100. The other end of the electrical connector is connected to the distribution device to realize the electrical connection between the photovoltaic module 100 and the distribution device.

[0178] In other specific embodiments, when the photovoltaic module 100 is laminated, a molding sleeve 31 is provided around at least part of the periphery of the seal, and a pressure-bearing surface is formed on the end face of the molding sleeve 31 facing away from the back panel 3. The pressure-bearing surface can withstand the force applied to the photovoltaic module 100 by the laminator, thereby maintaining the predetermined shape of the seal and ensuring good contact between the seal and the back panel 3 and the sealing effect.

[0179] According to the photovoltaic module 100 of the present application, the lead-out hole is closed by at least a portion of the seal, and an extension portion is formed on at least another portion of the seal, protruding from the side of the back plate 3 away from the photovoltaic cell 11. The extension portion increases the thickness of the seal, prolongs the time for water vapor to invade the interior of the photovoltaic module 100, and improves the service life of the photovoltaic module 100.

[0180] According to some embodiments of the present application, the sealing member includes: a sealing portion 21 and a raised portion 22, the sealing portion 21 is arranged in the lead-out hole and is suitable for closing the lead-out hole; the raised portion 22 is arranged at an end of the sealing portion 21 away from the photovoltaic cell 11, the raised portion 22 protrudes from the surface of the backboard 3 and covers the outer periphery of the lead-out hole, and the raised portion 22 is constructed as an extension portion.

[0181] In some specific embodiments, the seal is composed of a sealing portion 21 and a raised portion 22. The sealing portion 21 fills the lead-out hole and seals the lead-out hole to prevent moisture, dust and other impurities from entering the interior of the photovoltaic module 100 through the lead-out hole. The raised portion 22 is connected to the sealing portion 21 and is located at the end of the sealing portion 21 away from the photovoltaic cell 11. The raised portion 22 protrudes from the surface of the backboard 3, increasing the thickness of the seal, thereby extending the path for water vapor to invade the interior of the photovoltaic module 100, extending the time for water vapor to invade the interior of the photovoltaic module 100, and improving the service life of the photovoltaic module 100. The raised portion 22 covers the outer periphery of the lead-out hole, so that water vapor cannot enter the interior of the photovoltaic module 100 from the fitting surface between the sealing portion 21 and the lead-out hole, further improving the sealing effect of the seal.

[0182] According to some embodiments of the present application, the cross-sectional area of ​​the protrusion 22 gradually decreases in the direction from the photovoltaic cell 11 toward the backboard 3. Preferably, the protrusion 22 can be constructed in a truncated cone shape. Since the area of ​​the side of the protrusion 22 close to the backboard 3 is larger, the contact area between the protrusion 22 and the backboard 3 is increased, so that the protrusion 22 is not easy to be offset during the lamination process of the photovoltaic module 100. The pressure can be transmitted from the protrusion 22 to the backboard 3 more evenly and stably, reducing the excessive pressure at the local position of the protrusion 22, avoiding deformation or damage of the protrusion 22 due to uneven force, and at the same time improving the stability and reliability of the fit between the protrusion 22 and the backboard 3.

[0183] According to some embodiments of the present application, the diameter of the lead-out hole is d1, the top diameter of the protrusion 22 is d2, the bottom diameter of the protrusion 22 is d3, and the following condition is satisfied: d1≤d2≤d3.

[0184] When d1, d2, and d3 satisfy the above-mentioned proportional relationship, on the one hand, the bottom surface of the raised portion 22 can completely cover the lead-out hole, and at least part of the raised portion 22 covers the outer periphery of the lead-out hole, so that water vapor cannot enter the interior of the photovoltaic module 100 from the fitting surface between the sealing portion 21 and the lead-out hole. Water vapor can only invade the interior of the photovoltaic module 100 from the electrical connector and the raised portion 22, which increases the water vapor intrusion path, extends the water vapor intrusion time, and improves the service life of the photovoltaic module 100. On the other hand, the bottom surface size of the raised portion 22 is larger than the top surface size of the raised portion 22. When the photovoltaic module 100 is laminated, the force can be dispersed to various areas on the raised portion 22, ensuring that the raised portion 22 is pressed tightly against the backboard 3, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the fit between the raised portion 22 and the backboard 3.

[0185] According to some embodiments of the present application, at least a portion of the electrical connector is adapted to pass through the top surface or the outer peripheral side of the protrusion 22 .

[0186] In some specific embodiments, the electrical connector can be led out from the top surface of the protrusion 22. Leading out the electrical connector from the top surface of the protrusion 22 usually requires a simpler mold design, which simplifies the manufacturing process and reduces production costs. The electrical connector led out from the top surface of the protrusion 22 is more clearly visible, which facilitates the inspection and operation of the electrical connector during installation and maintenance. Leading out the electrical connector from the top surface of the protrusion 22 does not occupy additional side space, making the photovoltaic module 100 more compact.

[0187] In addition, the electrical connector extending from the top of the protrusion 22 is easier to position and fix during the lamination process of the photovoltaic module 100 , thereby reducing the complexity of the lamination of the photovoltaic module 100 .

[0188] In other specific embodiments, the electrical connector can be led out from the outer peripheral side of the protrusion 22. The side lead-out design can better utilize the structure of the protrusion 22 to enhance the waterproof performance. By wrapping at least part of the electrical connector in the seal, a tighter sealing interface can be formed to prevent moisture and other impurities from entering. At the same time, leading the electrical connector out from the outer peripheral side of the protrusion 22 can also extend the path length of the electrical connector relative to the seal, thereby increasing the water vapor intrusion path and improving the sealing effect of the photovoltaic module 100.

[0189] According to some embodiments of the present application, the sealing member is constructed as a water-blocking hot-melt adhesive member. The water-blocking hot-melt adhesive has excellent waterproof capabilities. The sealing member made of the water-blocking hot-melt adhesive can effectively prevent moisture from penetrating into the interior of the photovoltaic module 100, thereby avoiding water vapor from damaging the photovoltaic cell 11 or causing problems such as short circuits. The water-blocking hot-melt adhesive also has good weather resistance and can maintain its physical properties unchanged under various environmental conditions, including resisting the influence of natural factors such as ultraviolet radiation and extreme temperature changes, so that the photovoltaic module 100 can continue to work stably, reliably and continuously in outdoor environments.

[0190] According to some embodiments of the present application, a mating hole 23 is formed on the seal, which is obliquely arranged in the direction of the photovoltaic cell 11 toward the backplane 3. The mating hole 23 is suitable for the electrical connector to pass through. The obliquely arranged mating hole 23 can increase the contact area between the electrical connector and the seal, increase the length of the water vapor intrusion path, extend the water vapor intrusion time, and improve the sealing performance of the seal.

[0191] According to some embodiments of the present application, the electrical connector includes: a main body section 13 and an inclined section 14, the main body section 13 is arranged on the photovoltaic cell 11 and is arranged parallel to the back plate 3; one end of the inclined section 14 is connected to the main body section 13, at least a portion of the inclined section 14 is accommodated in the mating hole 23 and in the direction from the photovoltaic cell 11 toward the back plate 3, the inclined section 14 is inclined from the center of the seal to the outer peripheral side, and the other end of the inclined section 14 is suitable for connecting to a power distribution device.

[0192] In some specific embodiments, two electrical connectors may be provided in the photovoltaic module 100, the two electrical connectors being a positive electrode electrical connector and a negative electrode electrical connector, respectively. Each electrical connector is composed of a body section 13 and an inclined section 14. The body section 13 is provided between the back plate 3 and the photovoltaic cell 11 and is provided parallel to the back plate 3. The body section 13 is used to be connected to the photovoltaic cell 11. One end of the inclined section 14 is connected to the body section 13, and the other end of the inclined section 14 is suitable for passing through the extension portion and being connected to the power distribution device, thereby realizing the connection between the photovoltaic cell 11 and the power distribution device. Electrical connection, at least part of the inclined section 14 is accommodated in the matching hole 23, the inclined section 14 is inclined from the center of the seal to the outer peripheral side, the inclined section 14 of the positive electrical connector and the inclined section 14 of the negative electrical connector are inclined in directions away from each other, which increases the distance between the positive electrical connector and the negative electrical connector, reduces electromagnetic interference and electrical noise, and at the same time, the larger spacing reduces the possibility of accidental contact between the positive electrical connector and the negative electrical connector, thereby reducing the risk of short circuit and ensuring the safety and reliability of the photovoltaic module 100.

[0193] According to some embodiments of the present application, the fitting hole 23 is in a curved shape in the hole extension direction.

[0194] In some specific implementations, when pouring water-blocking hot melt adhesive into the molding mold sleeve 31, the inclined section 14 of the electrical connector may be tortuous, such as wavy, so that a curved matching hole 23 is formed when the water-blocking hot melt adhesive is poured and molded. The curved matching hole 23 can increase the contact area between the electrical connector and the sealing component, increase the length of the inclined water vapor intrusion path, and thereby improve the sealing performance of the sealing component.

[0195] According to some embodiments of the present application, the photovoltaic assembly 100 further includes: a protective layer 32 , which is at least disposed on the top surface of the extension portion.

[0196] In some specific embodiments, the photovoltaic module 100 is also provided with a protective layer 32. The protective layer 32 can be constructed as a release film. The release film is applied to the side of the extension part away from the back plate 3. The size of the release film needs to be larger than the size of the top surface of the extension part. The release film can completely cover the top surface of the extension part. When the photovoltaic module 100 is laminated, the release film can prevent the seal from sticking to the silicone plate of the laminator, thereby ensuring that the seal itself is not damaged. At the same time, it can also ensure the integrity of the appearance of the seal after the photovoltaic module 100 is laminated. The release film also has a certain waterproof function, thereby further improving the waterproof performance of the photovoltaic module 100.

[0197] In the related art, as shown in Figure 1, some perovskite photovoltaic cells 4' need to be installed with a junction box 7, and a lead-out hole 101 is provided on the back plate 3 to enable the bus bar 15 of the perovskite photovoltaic cell 4' to be led out, and the led-out bus bar 15 is connected to the terminal 6 in the junction box 7. In order to achieve the purpose of sealing and water blocking, the lead-out hole 101 is usually filled with butyl rubber 6'. However, this method has many defects. The height of the butyl rubber 6' in the lead-out hole is restricted by the thickness of the back plate 3, making it difficult to achieve the ideal water-blocking performance. During the lamination process, the back plate 3 is easily deformed at the lead-out hole. When the temperature changes, the stress changes accordingly, which further weakens the water-blocking ability of the butyl rubber 6' at the lead-out hole 101.

[0198] In order to solve the above technical problems, an embodiment of the present application is described below with reference to FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 .

[0199] According to an embodiment of the present application, as shown in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 , a photovoltaic assembly is provided, including a backsheet 3 , a battery cell 12 , a first seal 17 , a second seal 18 and a bus bar 15 .

[0200] Specifically, as shown in FIG7 , a lead-out hole 101 is provided on the back plate 3 , and there is at least one lead-out hole 101 .

[0201] Specifically, as shown in FIG7 , the battery cell 12 is disposed on one side of the back plate 3 .

[0202] 7 , the first seal 17 is sandwiched between the battery cell 12 and the back plate 3 , and is positioned corresponding to the lead-out hole 101 . The coverage area of ​​the first seal 17 is larger than the cross-sectional area of ​​the lead-out hole 101 .

[0203] Specifically, as shown in FIG. 7 , the second sealing member 18 is disposed in the outlet hole 101 , and the second sealing member 18 is sealedly connected to the first sealing member 17 .

[0204] Specifically, as shown in FIG. 7 , one end of the bus bar 15 is electrically connected to the battery cell 12 , and the other end passes through the first sealing member 17 and the second sealing member 18 in sequence and extends out of the lead-out hole 101 .

[0205] In this photovoltaic module, a first sealant 17 is sandwiched between the battery cell 12 and the backsheet 3, and a second sealant 18 is sealed within the lead-out hole 101. The first and second sealants 17 and 18 are hermetically connected. When extracting the busbar 15, one end of the busbar 15 is passed through the first and second sealants 17, 18, respectively, so that the end of the busbar 15 extends out of the lead-out hole 101. For moisture from the outside of the backsheet 3 to enter the inside of the backsheet 3, it must pass through the second sealant 18 and the first sealant 17, respectively. Because the first sealant 17 corresponds to the position of the lead-out hole 101 and its coverage area is larger than the cross-sectional area of ​​the lead-out hole 101, the first and second sealants 17 and 18 effectively extend the water vapor intrusion path, extending it horizontally and significantly enhancing the barrier to water vapor. Furthermore, because the first and second sealants 17 and 18 are located inside the photovoltaic module, there is no need to consider the size of the junction box or installation interference. Compared with the existing method of simply filling butyl rubber in the lead-out hole 101, this structural design can better prevent water vapor from entering the interior of the component, reducing the risk of photovoltaic component failure due to water vapor, and is particularly suitable for perovskite photovoltaic cell components that are sensitive to water vapor.

[0206] The presence of first seal 17 prevents second seal 18 in lead-out hole 101 from being directly subjected to significant stress. This reduces the impact of stress changes on the sealing effect during temperature fluctuations, lowering the risk of deformation of backplate 3 at lead-out hole 101. This enhances the stability of the overall module structure and ensures reliable operation of the module under varying environmental conditions.

[0207] Specifically, the battery cell 12 includes a front glass panel and a film layer 201 disposed on the front glass panel. The film layer 201 is a thin-film battery, such as a perovskite thin-film battery, a copper indium gallium selenide thin-film battery, a cadmium telluride thin-film battery, etc. The battery cell 12 can be a perovskite photovoltaic cell assembly or other existing photovoltaic cells. In the embodiments of the present application, the type of battery cell 12 is not specifically limited.

[0208] Specifically, the back panel 3 can be made of glass or other transparent materials. In the embodiment of the present application, there is no specific limitation on the material of the back panel 3.

[0209] Specifically, the back plate 3 may be provided with one lead-out hole 101, through which the multiple busbars 15 of the battery cell 12 are led out. The back plate 3 may also be provided with two lead-out holes 101, through which the two busbars 15 of the battery cell 12 can be led out respectively. In the embodiments of the present application, there is no specific limitation on the number of busbars 15 and lead-out holes 101.

[0210] Specifically, the first seal 17 and the second seal 18 can be made of water-blocking glue, the materials of which include butyl glue, polyurethane material, epoxy resin material, etc. In the embodiment of the present application, there is no specific restriction on the types of the first seal 17 and the second seal 18.

[0211] In one embodiment, as shown in FIG7 , a water-blocking film 16 is further included, which is coated on the film layer 201 of the battery cell 12 and sandwiched between the battery cell 12 and the first sealing member 17 .

[0212] Water-blocking film 16, applied over film layer 201 of cell 12 and sandwiched between cell 12 and first sealant 17, further enhances the barrier to water vapor intrusion. Water-blocking film 16 effectively prevents water vapor from penetrating the tiny gap between cell 12 and first sealant 17, further reducing the risk of water vapor intrusion within the photovoltaic module and ensuring long-term stable operation.

[0213] Furthermore, the water-blocking film 16 acts as an insulator, preventing direct contact between the first seal 17 and the membrane layer 201 of the cell 12. This prevents stress and tension caused by differences in the thermal expansion and contraction coefficients of the first seal 17 and the membrane layer 201 of the cell 12 during temperature fluctuations, thereby preventing damage such as delamination of the membrane layer 201 of the cell 12. This effectively protects the integrity of the membrane layer 201 of the cell 12, maintains the stable performance of the cell 12, and ensures the overall power generation efficiency of the assembly.

[0214] Specifically, the water-blocking film 16 can be made of any existing water-blocking material such as PE / PVC / EVA / styrene-butadiene rubber, chloroprene rubber, etc. In the embodiment of the present application, there is no specific limitation on the material of the water-blocking film 16.

[0215] Specifically, the water-blocking film 16 can be provided in any existing shape, such as square, rectangular, circular, etc. In the embodiment of the present application, the shape of the water-blocking film 16 is not specifically limited.

[0216] In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 , the coverage area of ​​the first sealing member 17 is located within the coverage area of ​​the water blocking film 16 .

[0217] The coverage area of ​​the first sealing member 17 is within the coverage area of ​​the water-blocking film 16 , in order to prevent the first sealing member 17 from contacting the film layer 201 and to prevent the first sealing member 17 made of certain materials from causing discoloration or decomposition of the film layer 201 .

[0218] When water vapor invades from the outside, since the first sealant 17 is located inside the water-blocking film 16, even if the water vapor is at the edge of the first sealant 17, it must first pass through the water-blocking film 16 before reaching the battery cell 12, further extending the water vapor invasion path. This maximizes the water-blocking performance of the water-blocking film 16 and prevents water vapor from bypassing weak areas such as the edge of the first sealant 17 and entering the interior of the photovoltaic module, further improving the overall water vapor barrier effect of the module.

[0219] Specifically, the water-blocking performance requirement for the first sealing member 17 or the second sealing member 18 can be lowered by adjusting the size of the water-blocking film 16 , thereby increasing the selectivity of the first sealing member 17 or the second sealing member 18 .

[0220] In one embodiment, as shown in FIG7 , the busbar 15 includes an application section 501 and an extraction section 502. The extraction section 502 is connected to the application section 501 and is arranged at an angle to the extraction section 502. The application section 501 is disposed within the first sealing member 17, and the extraction section 502 passes through the second sealing member 18 and out of the extraction hole 101.

[0221] The application section 501 and the lead-out section 502 are arranged at an angle, making the layout of the busbar 15 within the photovoltaic module more flexible. The application section 501 is used to lead the current of the battery cell 12 from the electrode end to the lead-out hole 101, which can fully utilize the space within the first seal 17. The lead-out section 502 can smoothly pass through the second seal 18, pass through the lead-out hole 101, and extend to the outside. The lead-out section 502 is used to lead the current to the outside of the lead-out hole 101, which facilitates the compact design of the internal structure of the photovoltaic module and ensures that the busbar 15 can be smoothly led out of the lead-out hole 101 while ensuring the waterproof performance of the photovoltaic module.

[0222] The application section 501 and the lead-out section 502 are respectively arranged in the first seal 17 and the second seal 18. The first seal 17 and the second seal 18 can play a certain role in fixing and protecting the application section 501 and the lead-out section 502. During the production, transportation, installation and operation of the photovoltaic module, the risk of displacement, loosening or damage of the busbar 15 due to external forces, vibrations and other factors can be reduced, ensuring that the electrical connection between the busbar 15 and the battery cell 12 is stable and reliable. Compared with the conventional method in which the application section 501 and the lead-out section 502 are arranged on the back plate 3 or the wall of the lead-out hole 101, the first seal 17 and the second seal 18 respectively wrap around the application section 501 and the lead-out section 502, which can prevent water vapor from penetrating into the interior of the photovoltaic module from the contact surface of the busbar 15.

[0223] In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7 , the application section 501 and the lead-out section 502 are arranged perpendicular to each other.

[0224] The application section 501 and the lead-out section 502 are arranged perpendicular to each other. The application section 501 can be arranged horizontally, and the lead-out section 502 can be arranged vertically. In the internal area of ​​the first seal 17, the application section 501 can be laid flat in a horizontal direction so that the water vapor intrusion path extends horizontally. The lead-out section 502 is arranged vertically to facilitate the lead-out section 502 to pass through the lead-out hole 101, thereby facilitating the installation of the busbar 15. At the same time, the application section 501 and the lead-out section 502 arranged perpendicular to each other increase the overall rigidity of the busbar 15. The vertical structure can better resist deformation and improve the reliability of the busbar 15 in the photovoltaic module.

[0225] In one embodiment, the first sealing member 17 includes a first water blocking sheet 301 and a second water blocking sheet 302, which are stacked. The second water blocking sheet 302 is sandwiched between the first water blocking sheet 301 and the back plate 3, and the application section 501 is sealed between the first water blocking sheet 301 and the second water blocking sheet 302.

[0226] The stacked first and second water blocks 301, 302 facilitate the placement of components during the packaging of photovoltaic modules, improving packaging efficiency. Furthermore, pre-installing the first and second water blocks 301, 302 during packaging ensures accurate placement of the first seal 17. During thermal packaging of the photovoltaic module, the first and second water blocks 301, 302 fuse into a colloid and bond to each other after cooling.

[0227] The first water blocking sheet 301 and the second water blocking sheet 302 are preferably made of the same material, which has better bonding stability. The selected materials include butyl rubber, polyurethane, epoxy resin, POE, EVA, etc.

[0228] The application section 501 is sealingly disposed between the first water blocking sheet 301 and the second water blocking sheet 302 , so as to facilitate the bus bar 15 passing through the first sealing member 17 , while ensuring the sealing reliability between the bus bar 15 and the first sealing member 17 .

[0229] In one embodiment, as shown in Figure 8, the second water blocking sheet 302 is provided with through holes 3021, which are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the outlet holes 101. The through holes 3021 are suitable for the outlet sections 502 to pass through.

[0230] During the assembly process, the lead-out section 502 of the busbar 15 can be passed through the through hole 3021 and extended to the outside of the lead-out hole 101, thereby realizing precise planning of the lead-out path of the busbar 15, so as to facilitate leading the lead-out section 502 of the busbar 15 out of the lead-out hole 101, thereby improving the accuracy and efficiency of photovoltaic module assembly.

[0231] Specifically, the through hole 3021 can be set in any shape such as a square hole, a polygonal hole or a circular hole. In the embodiment of the present application, there is no specific restriction on the shape of the through hole 3021, and the preferred shape is to match the lead-out section of the bus bar.

[0232] In one embodiment, the second sealing member 18 is a cured water-blocking adhesive. And / or, the first sealing member 17 and the second sealing member 18 are both cured water-blocking adhesives.

[0233] The second sealant 18 is a cured water-blocking adhesive that tightly fills the space in the outlet hole 101, forming a sealing structure that is highly compatible with the shape of the outlet hole 101. This effectively fills tiny gaps and irregular surfaces within the hole, preventing moisture from directly entering the component through the outlet hole 101. This provides a reliable seal and effectively isolates the internal environment of the component from external moisture.

[0234] When both the first sealant 17 and the second sealant 18 are made of cured water-blocking adhesive, the consistency of their material properties helps create a more coordinated sealing system, reducing stress concentration at the sealing interface caused by material differences and making the sealing structure more stable and reliable. At the same time, a coherent barrier is formed in terms of water vapor barrier, improving the overall water vapor barrier capability of the photovoltaic module. Furthermore, by injecting water-blocking adhesive to form the first and second sealants 17, 18, the busbars 15 within the first and second sealants 17, 18 can be better secured, simplifying the assembly process of the photovoltaic module.

[0235] Specifically, the water-blocking adhesive may be butyl adhesive.

[0236] In one embodiment, the first sealing member 17 and the second sealing member 18 are integrally formed.

[0237] The integrated molding eliminates any gaps or interfaces between the first and second seals 17 and 18, forming a continuous, integrated seal barrier. This prevents moisture from penetrating the PV module through the joints between the seals, ensuring a tight vapor barrier. This effectively prevents moisture from diffusing into the module, significantly improving its moisture resistance and extending its service life.

[0238] The integrally formed first sealing member 17 and second sealing member 18 reduces production steps and enhances the overall strength of the first sealing member 17 and second sealing member 18 .

[0239] In one embodiment, the water vapor transmission rates of the water-blocking film 16 , the first sealing member 17 , and the second sealing member 18 are all less than 10 g / m 2 / day (at 85° C. and 100% humidity).

[0240] The low water vapor transmission rate enables the water-blocking film 16, first sealant 17, and second sealant 18 to effectively block water vapor penetration. Even in environments where the photovoltaic module is used, even when exposed to humid air or high humidity for long periods, they form a reliable barrier to prevent water vapor from entering the module. This ensures the long-term stability and performance reliability of the photovoltaic module, significantly extending its service life.

[0241] The assembly process of the photovoltaic module in this embodiment is described as follows:

[0242] Example 1. Manual assembly operation process:

[0243] As shown in Figure 8, the water-blocking film 16 is first placed on the film layer 201 of the battery cell 12, and then the first water-blocking sheet 301 is placed on the water-blocking film 16. Subsequently, the application section 501 of the busbar 15 is placed on the first water-blocking sheet 301, and then the second water-blocking sheet 302 is placed on the first water-blocking sheet 301, so that the application section 501 is sandwiched between the first water-blocking sheet 301 and the second water-blocking sheet 302. In addition, the back plate 3 is covered on the second water blocking sheet 302 so that the position of the lead-out hole 101 on the back plate 3 corresponds to the position of the through hole 3021, and the lead-out section 502 is passed through the through hole 3021 and the lead-out hole 101. Then the entire component is placed on a laminator for heating and lamination. The first water blocking sheet 301 and the second water blocking sheet 3012 are hot-melted into a colloid state. The photovoltaic component is taken out before it is completely cooled or after it is completely cooled; finally, the second sealing member 18 is injected into the lead-out hole 101 and seals the lead-out hole 101, and the second sealing member 18 is sealed and connected to the second water blocking sheet 302.

[0244] Example 2. Semi-automatic assembly operation process:

[0245] First, place the water-blocking film 16 on the film layer 201 of the battery cell 12, then place the busbar 15 on the water-blocking film 16, then cover it with the back plate 3, and pass the lead-out section 502 of the busbar 15 through the lead-out hole 101, and inject water-blocking glue into the lead-out hole 101. After the water-blocking glue solidifies, the water-blocking glue forms a second sealing member 18 in the lead-out hole 101, and forms a first sealing member 17 between the water-blocking film 16 and the back plate 3.

[0246] In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any appropriate manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0247] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and intent of the present application, and that the scope of the present application is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that: include: Battery; A back plate (3), the back plate (3) being arranged on one side of the battery, the back plate (3) being provided with at least one lead-out hole (101); a sealing body, at least a portion of which is accommodated in the outlet hole (101); an extension portion covering the outer periphery of the outlet hole (101) is formed on the sealing body; An electrical connector, one end of which is electrically connected to the battery, and the other end of which passes through the sealing body and extends out of the lead-out hole (101).

2. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that The extension portion includes a transverse extension portion located at the periphery of the lead-out hole; and / or the extension portion includes a longitudinal extension portion located at a side of the back plate (3) away from the battery.

3. A perovskite photovoltaic module, characterized in that: The perovskite photovoltaic module comprises a perovskite cell (1), an adhesive film (2), a back plate (3), a first waterproof film (8), and a second waterproof film (9) which are sequentially bonded together; The perovskite photovoltaic module further comprises a drainage bar (4), the drainage bar (4) connecting the perovskite cell and penetrating the adhesive film (2), the back plate (3) and the first waterproof film (8), the hole formed by the drainage bar (4) penetrating the first waterproof film (8) is completely covered by the second waterproof film (9), and a portion of the drainage bar (4) is located between the first waterproof film (8) and the second waterproof film (9).

4. The perovskite photovoltaic module according to claim 3, characterized in that The first waterproof film (8) and the second waterproof film (9) both comprise extensions extending in the width direction of both sides of the drainage strip (4), and the extensions of the first waterproof film (8) are tightly connected to the extensions of the second waterproof film (9).

5. The perovskite photovoltaic module according to claim 3, characterized in that: A water-blocking composite film (10) is provided on the surface of the second waterproof film (9) away from the hole; The water-blocking composite film (10) comprises any one of glass, aluminum / PET film, PET / aluminum / PET film, or a composite film composed of metal and plastic.

6. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that: include: Photovoltaic cells (11); A back plate (3), the back plate (3) being arranged on one side of the photovoltaic cell (11) and having a lead-out hole formed on the back plate (3) for an electrical connector to pass through; a sealing member, at least a portion of which is accommodated in the lead-out hole and an extension portion is formed on the sealing member and is located on a side of the back plate (3) facing away from the photovoltaic cell (11); An electrical connector, one end of which passes through the sealing member and is electrically connected to the photovoltaic cell (11), and the other end of which is suitable for connecting to a power distribution device.

7. The photovoltaic module according to claim 6, characterized in that: The sealing member comprises: a blocking portion (21), the blocking portion (21) being disposed in the outlet hole and being adapted to seal the outlet hole; A raised portion (22), the raised portion (22) is arranged at one end of the blocking portion (21) away from the photovoltaic cell (11), the raised portion (22) protrudes from the surface of the back plate (3) and covers the outer periphery of the lead-out hole, and the raised portion (22) is constructed as the extension portion.

8. The photovoltaic module according to claim 7, characterized in that: The cross-sectional area of ​​the raised portion (22) gradually decreases in a direction from the photovoltaic cell (11) toward the back plate (3).

9. The photovoltaic module according to claim 7, characterized in that: At least a portion of the electrical connector is adapted to pass through the top surface or the outer peripheral side of the protrusion (22).

10. The photovoltaic module according to claim 6, characterized in that: The sealing member is provided with a matching hole (23) which is arranged obliquely on the radial outer side of the photovoltaic cell (11) in a direction toward the back plate (3), and the matching hole (23) is suitable for the electrical connector to pass through.

11. The photovoltaic module according to claim 10, characterized in that: The electrical connector comprises: a main body section (13), the main body section (13) being arranged on the photovoltaic cell (11) and being arranged parallel to the back plate (3); and an inclined section (14), one end of which is connected to the main body section (13), at least a portion of which is accommodated in the matching hole (23) and is inclined from the center of the sealing member to the outer peripheral side in the direction from the photovoltaic cell (11) toward the back plate (3), and the other end of which is suitable for connecting to a power distribution device.

12. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that: include: The back plate (3) is provided with at least one outlet hole (101); A battery cell (2) is provided on one side of the back plate (3); a first sealing member (3) sandwiched between the battery core (2) and the back plate (3), wherein the first sealing member (3) corresponds to the position of the lead-out hole (101) and the coverage area of ​​the first sealing member (3) is larger than the cross-sectional area of ​​the lead-out hole (101); a second sealing member (4), disposed in the outlet hole (101) and sealedly connected to the first sealing member (3); A bus bar (5) has one end electrically connected to the battery core (2), and the other end passes through the first sealing member (3) and the second sealing member (4) in sequence and extends out of the lead-out hole (101).

13. The photovoltaic module according to claim 12, characterized in that: It also includes a water-blocking film (6), which is covered on the film layer (201) of the battery core (2) and sandwiched between the battery core (2) and the first sealing member (3).

14. The photovoltaic module according to claim 13, characterized in that: The coverage area of ​​the first sealing member (3) is located within the coverage area of ​​the water-blocking film (6).

15. The photovoltaic module according to claim 12, characterized in that: The busbar (5) comprises an application section (501) and an extraction section (502) connected to the application section (501), the application section (501) and the extraction section (502) being arranged at an angle, the application section (501) being arranged in the first sealing member (3), and the extraction section (502) passing through the extraction hole (101).

16. The photovoltaic module according to claim 15, characterized in that: The first sealing member (3) comprises a first water blocking sheet (301) and a second water blocking sheet (302) which are stacked, the second water blocking sheet (302) being arranged between the first water blocking sheet (301) and the back plate (3), and the application section (501) being sealingly arranged between the first water blocking sheet (301) and the second water blocking sheet (302).

17. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 12 to 16, characterized in that: The second sealing member (4) is a cured water-blocking adhesive; and / or the first sealing member (3) and the second sealing member (4) are both cured water-blocking adhesives.

18. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 12 to 16, characterized in that: The first sealing member (3) and the second sealing member (4) are integrally formed.

19. A method for preparing a photovoltaic module, for preparing the photovoltaic module according to claim 16, wherein the second water blocking sheet (302) is provided with through holes (3021) corresponding to the lead-out holes (101) in a one-to-one manner, wherein: The method comprises the following steps: placing a water-blocking film (16) on the film layer (201) of the battery cell (12); Placing the first water blocking sheet (301) on the water blocking film (16), placing the application section (501) of the busbar (15) on the first water blocking sheet (301), and then placing the second water blocking sheet (302) on the first water blocking sheet (301), so that the application section (501) is sandwiched between the first water blocking sheet (301) and the second water blocking sheet (302); The back plate (3) is placed on the second water blocking plate (302) so that the lead-out hole (101) on the back plate (3) corresponds to the position of the through hole (3021) on the second water blocking plate (302), and the lead-out section (502) of the bus bar (15) passes through the through hole (3021) and the lead-out hole (101); The photovoltaic module is placed in a laminator for heating and lamination, so that the first water-blocking sheet (301) and the second water-blocking sheet (302) are thermally melted into a colloid state, and the photovoltaic module is taken out before or after it is completely cooled; The water-blocking glue used to form the second sealing member (18) is injected into the lead-out hole (101) and the lead-out hole (101) is sealed, so that the second sealing member (18) is sealed and connected to the second water-blocking sheet (302).

20. A method for preparing a photovoltaic module, for preparing the photovoltaic module according to claim 16, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: placing a water-blocking film (16) on the film layer (201) of the battery cell (12); placing the busbar (15) on the water-blocking film (16); Cover the back plate (3) and pass the lead section (502) of the bus bar (15) through the lead hole (101) on the back plate (3); Water-blocking glue is injected into the lead-out hole (101). After the water-blocking glue is cured, the water-blocking glue forms a second sealing member (18) in the lead-out hole (101) and simultaneously forms a first sealing member (17) between the water-blocking film (16) and the back plate (3).

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