System of urban waste composting process

Abstract

The invention of system and structure of urban waste composting process using aerobic and anaerobic bacteria with the capability of collecting and purifying the resulting gases, and neutralizing the gases produced by oxidation process and producing sulfuric acid is related to making system and structure of urban waste composting process which by collecting and burning the garbage, fetid gases resulting from the decomposition of sulfur-containing organic substances by anaerobic and aerobic bacteria from urban waste, as well as aromatic gases and methane are created, purify and neutralize these gases. The present invention comprises four main parts and is a kind of intelligent urban composting system to purify and eliminate the bad smell of gases caused by urban waste such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and also to make the gases released from these wastes harmless.

Description

[0001] TITLE OF INVENTION

[0002] SYSTEM OF URBAN WASTE COMPOSTING PROCESS

[0003] TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0004] The present invention relates to making system and structure of urban waste composting process which by collecting and burning the garbage, fetid gases resulting from the decomposition of sulfur-containing organic substances by anaerobic and aerobic bacteria from urban waste, as well as aromatic gases and methane are created, purify and neutralize these gases. Also, this invention is in the field of production of sulfuric acid from the gases resulting from the production of compost from urban waste using heat and purification by an air washer, as well as the production of CO2gas.

[0005] PRIOR ARTS

[0006] Urban waste processing is done for conversion of organic waste into organic fertilizer using microorganisms and natural decomposition processes. This process aims to reduce the volume of urban waste, recycle organic materials, and produce valuable organic fertilizer for agriculture. In this regard, many efforts have been made in order to improve urban composting process and reduce the fetor of garbage. Among the efforts made to improve this process is separation of organic materials from dry and non-biodegradable waste, such as plastics and metals, especially high-potential organic materials like food residues, which can enhance the quality of compost and help prevent the production of unpleasant odors. Also, using vegetation on composting sites to control odors and prevent excessive moisture evaporation can reduce unpleasant odors. Among other efforts are ventilation systems which these ventilation systems increase the oxygen level in the environment, thereby helping to reduce the odor of waste. Also, precise control of composting process stages, including the quantity and ratio of materials, temperature and retention time has significantly contributed to improving the process and reducing the odor of waste. Adding absorptive adore compounds like using soil involving carbonate calcium or nitrogen help to reduce and restrain the unpleasant odor.

[0007] A Chinese invention with publication No. CN102586112A which is filed dated 14 / 03 / 2012 titled “Microbial bacterium agent for degrading Chinese kitchen refuses and preparing method thereof’ discloses a microbial bacterium agent for degrading Chinese kitchen refuses, which contains the components by mass ratio: protein degrading bacteria: starch degrading bacteria: fat degrading bacteria: cellulose degrading bacteria= (l-2):(l-2): (l-2):(2-3). Simultaneously, the invention further discloses a preparing method of the microbial bacterium agent. Aiming at components of refuses in domestic kitchens, the corresponding microbial bacteria are adopted for gradual degrading, finally the purpose of completely degrading the refuses is achieved, not thorough degrading and long time consumption of the traditional land filling mode and large secondary pollution and high energy consumption of the burning mode are avoided, and the microbial bacterium agent for degrading Chinese kitchen refuses and the preparing method of the microbial bacterium agent can meet the present low carbon, environmental protection and energy saving requirements.

[0008] Another Chinese Invention with patent No. CN104446727A which is granted dated 05 / 12 / 2017 titled “Organic material fermentation and recycling treatment equipment and treatment method thereof’ discloses organic material fermentation and recycling treatment equipment and a treatment method thereof. The equipment comprises a fermentation machine, a deodorization machine and a water chiller, wherein the fermentation machine comprises a box body, a fermentation chamber, a feeding opening, a solid organic fertilizer discharge opening, a screw feed conveying mechanism, a screw discharge conveying mechanism, a stirring mechanism and a heating device; the deodorization machine comprises a box body, air filter boxes, cooling and condensing boxes and activated carbon adsorption boxes; condensed fluid collection pipelines are arranged at the bottoms of the air filter boxes, the cooling and condensing boxes and the activated carbon adsorption boxes; the condensed fluid collection pipelines are connected to a liquid organic manure discharge pipe; the water chiller comprises a water chiller main body, a water pump, a water outlet pipeline and a water return pipe; the water outlet pipeline and the water return pipe are connected with the water chiller main body; a plurality of condensing pipelines are arranged in the deodorization box body. Working together, these devices perform fermentation purification in a complete and comprehensive manner and prevent the release of harmful gases into the air, and also improve the recycling of solid organic fertilizer and liquid organic fertilizer.

[0009] An Chinese invention with publication no. CN104801528A which is filed dated 12 / 04 / 2017 titled “Domestic waste organic treatment method” relates to a domestic waste organic treatment method. The method comprises the following steps: separating organic matters from domestic wastes, crushing to form particles, and discharging particles with the dimension of below 8mm, lightweight materials and metallic magnetic materials; sending the crushed organic particles into a bioreactor, spraying inoculation water on the organic particles, allowing the organic particles to go through a mechanical stirrer, leaching dissoluble organic matters in the organic particles into a leachate, filtering the collected leachate to remove residues, sending the leachate into an anaerobic reactor in a sewage treatment station, carrying out treatment, sending generated methane and carbon dioxide into a biogas storage bag for recycling, sending biochemical active sludge water into an aerobic reaction tank, degrading organic matters, allowing wastewater separated from the sludge water to respectively go through an ultrafilter and a nanofilter or a reverse-osmosis device for treatment, discharging standard reaching clear water, respectively collecting and treating escaping zone through a gas collecting cover, and discharging standard reaching gas. The method makes the domestic wastes reduced and harmless.

[0010] A Chinese invention with publication No. CN105665410A which is filed dated 14 / 01 / 2016 titled “Household garbage fine separation and complete recycling comprehensive treatment process” discloses a household garbage fine separation and complete recycling comprehensive treatment process and relates to a process for treating household garbage. According to the household garbage fine separation and complete recycling comprehensive treatment process, urban household garbage which is collected in a centralized manner can be recycled in a plurality of manners and enters all recycling systems, a plurality of products are produced and returned to the urban for use, and recycling, maximum reduction and harmlessness of the household garbage are truly and completely achieved. The household garbage fine separation and complete recycling comprehensive treatment process comprises following steps of bag breaking, leaching and material storage of the household garbage; separating, wherein waste plastic, unrecyclable combustible materials, organic matter, inert inorganic matter and ferromagnetic matter are separated out; treatment of the separated matter; collecting and treating of garbage leachate and waste water; collecting and treating of waste gas or bad smell; and treating of the noise.

[0011] A Chinese invention with patent No. CN108587967A which is granted dated 16 / 06 / 2020 titled "Microbial bacterium agent for degrading Chinese kitchen refuses and preparing method thereof" discloses a kind of preparation methods of the decomposed composite bacteria agent of kitchen of high temperature resistant salt tolerant, streptomycete, bacillus subtilis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and S. cervisiae are subjected to seed culture respectively, streptomycete mycelium pellet suspension, bacillus subtilis bacterium solution, bacillus amyloliquefaciens bacterium solution and S. cervisiae bacterium solution are obtained to corresponding; It by streptomycete mycelium pellet suspension, is seeded in solid fermentation material and cultivates, obtain the decomposed bacterium of solid, Remaining 3 kinds of bacterium solution is mixed, composite bacteria liquid is obtained; Composite bacteria liquid and the decomposed bacterium of solid are stirred and evenly mixed in the ratio of 9~ 11 ml / 100g, carry out low temperature drying again, enzyme preparation is finally mixed into, obtains decomposed composite bacteria agent. The composite bacteria agent can be used for decomposed kitchen garbage.

[0012] Another Chinese invention with publication No. CN111117937A which is filed dated 08 / 05 / 2020 titled "Novel acid-resistant salt-resistant composite bacterium for degrading kitchen waste and preparation method and application thereof" discloses a novel acid-resistant salt-resistant composite bacterium for degrading kitchen waste, and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the method comprises the following steps: bacillus, yeast and mould are used as original bacteria, and acid and salt mutagenesis is carried out to respectively obtain domesticated strains with acid and salt resistance. By taking the organic matter composition proportion of the kitchen waste as a reference, novel acid- resistant salt-resistant composite bacteria are prepared and used for degrading the kitchen waste in residential areas. The results show that the novel acid- resistant salt-tolerant composite bacteria not only have strong tolerance and adaptability to high- salinity and strong-acidity environment, but also can quickly regulate and control the pH and salinity of substrate environment, promote cell metabolism and have very outstanding degradation capability on organic matters. The method has the advantages of wide raw bacteria source, simple domestication process, low cost and wide application range, and the application of the acid-resistant salt-resistant composite bacteria to the degradation of the kitchen waste in residential areas fully embodies the principles of reduction and harmless treatment of the kitchen waste, and has profound environmental protection significance and economic value.

[0013] And a Chinese invention with publication No. CN113020223 A which if filed dated 26 / 03 / 2021 titled "Method for recycling urban resident domestic garbage through full-recycling comprehensive treatment" discloses a method for comprehensively treating and recycling urban resident domestic garbage, which comprises a garbage classification and collection process, a garbage sorting process and a harmless recycling process. The garbage of each garbage transfer station is sent into the garbage region of unloading in the mode of vehicle transportation, through machine identification system, the dustbin with the garbage of the same kind is categorized, is sorted, and garbage is divided into other garbage, kitchen garbage, recoverable rubbish, harmful garbage, and other garbage are used for electricity generation, landfill, and the kitchen garbage degradation back is used for the compost, and recoverable rubbish carries out magnetic separation, selection by winnowing, photo electricity and selects recovery processing, and harmful garbage is useless as danger, centralized processing. The urban domestic garbage is intelligently classified according to different garbage categories and recycled according to the characteristics of different garbage, so that the domestic garbage is recycled, and the recycling, harmlessness, reduction, industrialization and maximum profit are realized.

[0014] A Chinese invention with patent No. CN113182313B which is granted dated 07 / 04 / 2023 titled "Multi-source organic solid waste disposal system and method for recycling pollutants" relates to a pollutant recycling multi-source organic solid waste treatment system and method. And the foul smell of the anaerobic pre-treatment system and the foul smell of the aerobic composting treatment system are respectively introduced into the air inlet of the cement kiln cooperative treatment system through exhaust ports. The system and the method provided by the invention realize the conversion of the pollution property of the high-temperature flue gas in the process of cooperatively treating the multisource organic solid wastes in a single park to the resource property, fully utilize the nitrogen oxide and the high-temperature heat energy in the flue gas to carry out the cracking pretreatment before anaerobic digestion of sludge, and in addition, the system thoroughly solves the problem caused by bad odor in the process of biologically treating the organic solid wastes.

[0015] And a Chinese invention with publication No. CN113652366A which is filed dated 26 / 07 / 2021 titled "Combination method of compound microbial agent for degrading kitchen waste" is a combination method of a compound microbial agent for degrading kitchen waste, which comprises the following steps: bacillus subtilis, Streptomyces, yeast, Actinomycetes, Lactobacillus, Pseudomonas, Microbacterium, Rhizopus oryzae, Cellulomonas cellulosae and Aspergillus. The compound microbial agent is mainly characterized in that organic matters such as protein, starch, fat and cellulose in kitchen garbage are converted into stable products through the metabolic activity of microorganisms, and the stable products can be further processed into products such as fertilizers. The research result is helpful for realizing harmless, quantitative reduction and resource treatment of the kitchen waste, and can provide a certain theoretical basis for efficient large-scale treatment of the kitchen waste.

[0016] And another Chinese invention with patent CN210125627U which is granted dated 06 / 03 / 2020 titled "Kitchen waste and household garbage co-processing facility" provides a kitchen waste and domestic waste co-processing facility, the facility includes the kitchen waste treatment facility of preprocessing device, anaerobic fermentation device, marsh gas utilization equipment and foul smell collection device and the domestic waste incineration treatment facility including incinerator, steam generation device, flue gas purification device and leachate treatment device, leachate treatment device and kitchen waste treatment anaerobic fermentation device produce marsh gas and all are collected, purified and / or utilized by marsh gas utilization device; the steam generating device generates steam and provides the steam for the kitchen waste treatment equipment; the odor generated by the kitchen waste treatment equipment is collected by the odor collecting device and then enters the incinerator to be used as primary air of the incinerator. The kitchen project and the incineration project are cooperatively treated, so that the energy requirement problem, the three- waste treatment problem and the operation stability problem of an anaerobic fermentation system of the independent operation of the kitchen waste treatment project are effectively solved.

[0017] A Korean invention with patent No. KR100791350B1 which is granted dated 03 / 01 / 2008 titled "The treatment method for recycle sludge from sewage" is a method for recycling sewage sludge provided to reduce treatment cost substantially by efficiently producing solid granules with a water content of 5% from sewage sludge containing water, simplify structure of facilities by making it not necessary to install auxiliary heating equipment, and produce a supplementary fuel of high quality by reducing the salt concentration substantially. A method for recycling sewage sludge comprises: a pre-treatment process of uniformly mixing sewage sludge by a mixer and supplying a mixed sewage sludge with a water content of 55 to 60%; a drying and pulverizing process of separating water and solid granules with a water content of 5% from the sewage sludge supplied through the pre-treatment process by a rotary impact type drying and pulverizing machine using high speed centrifugal force; a discharging process of discharging the solid granules separated in the drying and pulverizing process to the outside; a scrubber process of separating gas and liquid from water separated in the drying and pulverizing process to discharge the gas and the liquid to the outside; and an odor removing process of purifying the gas separated in the scrubber process to release the purified gas into the air, wherein sewage sludge is supplied to the pre-treatment process such that the sewage sludge comprises sewage sludge with a water content of 75% and sewage sludge with a water content of 5% at a ratio of 3:1. Further, the sewage sludge with a water content of 5% is fine sold powder from the drying and pulverizing process.

[0018] Another Korean Invention with patent No. KR101238096B1 which is granted dated 28 / 02 / 2013 titled "Do industry foods trash large quantity gathering of goods extinction processing plant" relates to an industrial facility treatment apparatus for collecting and treating food waste, which is a large amount of organic waste, by using aerobic decaying bio-microbial bacteria to make condensed water vapor generated in the process of eliminating more than 95% of organic matter except inorganic matter within 24 hours. After purification, it is reduced to clean second-grade water and discharged to use water. The generated gas is recycled through internal circulation, and residual odors are cleaned and discharged after deodorization treatment. The present invention relates to a mass collection and destruction treatment apparatus for industrial food waste using clean technology. To this end, the present invention is an intermediate storage for storing the food waste classified in the input storage hopper and the screw conveyor conveying apparatus installed at the bottom thereof, the crush selector connected to the conveying apparatus and the sorting machine in the industrial storage of a large amount of food waste In the hopper and intermediate storage hopper, a water separation and cooling device for transferring condensed water to the main body of the quenching device through the hydraulic transfer paper and water vapor generated during the treatment process, a water purification device for purifying the condensed water to clean water quality, and also a separated gas. Ring blower which flows into the air and transfers to the decay treatment unit body for recycling, and deodorizer which deodorizes and discharges the remaining odor and screw conveyor compost conveying to discharge the small amount of composted residues that have been processed and left in the decontamination unit body Composting for storage and fermentation of equipment and composted residues There are devices and the like as well as characterized in that by driving the control apparatus and the like of the control device, deodorizing facilities PLC controls the controller, the conveyor transport device for operation is set to the apparatus and phase separator shredding processing.

[0019] And a Korean invention with patent No. KR200350901Y1 which is granted dated 22 / 05 / 2004 titled relates to a waste wide area comprehensive processing system for comprehensively treating waste, and more specifically, by integrating factories for treating different kinds of waste in one place, it reduces site requirements and greatly reduces waste disposal costs. By producing and exchanging energy required by each unit's own factories, recycling energy is used to solve the insufficient energy problem, and a comprehensive prevention facility is installed to reduce landfill volume and minimize the emission of pollutants after waste disposal. The present invention relates to a comprehensive waste globalization processing system that can contribute to industrial development. To this end, the present invention is a combustible fuel manufacturing facility that manufactures combustible fuel using combustible waste for commercial and industrial use, melts and vaporizes waste tires and rubber, extracts gas, installs electric power, and operates a generator to generate electric energy. A main plant comprising a power generation facility for producing and a boiler facility for operating the fuel produced in the combustible fuel production facility to produce thermal energy; A feed manufacturing plant which is operated by receiving energy from the main plant and manufactures feed using collected food waste; A compost manufacturing plant which is operated by receiving energy from the main plant and manufactures compost by using collected food waste and sorghum; A waste wood mill which is operated by receiving energy from the main plant, crushes the collected waste wood, produces sawdust, and uses the sawdust to make feed and compost feedstock or combustible fuel, and sends the sawdust to a feedstock or combustible fuel manufacturing facility; It operates by receiving energy from the main plant, crushes the collected waste rubber, waste tire and waste leather and transports them to the flammable fuel manufacturing facility, melts and vaporizes the waste rubber, waste tire and waste leather to expel gas. A waste rubber and waste tire recycling plant composed of a power plant for generating electricity and a boiler plant for operating a boiler to supply power and heat to the industrial complex; A waste paper recycling plant which is operated by receiving energy from the main plant, produces collected waste paper in water as a melt, mold forming and recycling material, and transfers the residue to a combustible fuel manufacturing facility; A waste synthetic resin recycling plant which is operated by receiving energy from the main plant, pulverizes the collected waste synthetic resin and extracts emulsion liquid fuel; A comprehensive recycling plant and a comprehensive recycling plant, which are operated by receiving energy from the main plant, to manufacture the combustible fuel in the combustible fuel manufacturing facility, and collect and recycle separated glass and metals; It operates by receiving energy from the main plant, and produces and recycles secondary and tertiary impurities generated in the factories as combustible fuels and uses them as heat sources for each plant, and uses impurities that are not suitable as combustible fuels to 1300-1800 ° C. Incineration combustion treatment plant to completely remove toxic gas or odor by incineration; A rail-covered landfill that burns the residues and ashes burned in the incineration combustion plant; Sewage and wastewater comprehensive treatment and refining facilities linking leachate and reservoirs to which treated water is discharged; It provides a comprehensive waste treatment system that includes a comprehensive dust collection facility for comprehensive treatment of pollutants such as dust and harmful gases.

[0020] A Korean Invention with publication No. KR20110080866A which is filed dated 07 / 01 / 2010 titled "Recycling system of food waste" a recycling system with respect to food-waste is provided to recycle the food-waste as compost, gas generating fuel by implementing fermenting and anaerobic digesting processes. In this invention food-waste is introduced through an introducing hopper. The food-waste passes through a pulverizing and classifying unit, a dehydrating unit, a mixing unit, a fermenting bath, a post-aging bath, and a fine classifying unit. The processed food-waste is discharged as compost. Bio-gas is generated from the anaerobic bath and is supplied to a gas generating facility. The gas generating facility uses the bio gas as electric energy.

[0021] Another Korean invention with publication No. KR20150049087A which is filed dated 29 / 10 / 2013 tiled "Methods and system to energize that containing organic waste, domestic waste" provided a method and a system for energizing household waste mixed with organic waste of the present invention relate to a mechanical-biological waste treatment (MBT) method, the method for energizing household waste comprising: a household waste crushing step, an anaerobic digestion step, a dehydration step, an aerobic fermentation drying step, a hot air drying step, and a solid fuel manufacturing step. A method for treating the household waste with the MBT method uses an energization method and an energization system, wherein the energization method comprises an electricity generation step for generating the electricity by using the biogas produced in the anaerobic digestion step, and the energization system comprises: a waste pit, a household crusher, a digestion tank pump, an anaerobic digestion tank, a biogas refining means, a gas storage tank, a gas generator, a waste heat boiler, a dehydrator, a mixer, an aerobic dryer, a hot air dryer, a flammable waste selector, and a solid fuel molding machine. Accordingly, a production of solid fuel with good quality and a production of electric power using biogas can be simultaneously performed; operating costs can be reduced and the solid fuel can be more effectively produced by using the waste heat produced in the electric power generation process in the solid fuel generation process; and the MBT method can be activated.

[0022] And a US invention with patent No. US4821653A which is granted dated 18 / 04 / 1989 titled " Process and apparatus for fixing, encapsulating, stabilizing and detoxifying heavy metals and the like in metal-containing sludge, soils, ash and similar materials" heavy metals and compounds thereof and other toxic materials in industrial wastes, sludge, soils, incinerated ashes and the like are fixed and stabilized in a char residue, obtained by critical region pyrolyzing techniques and appropriate proportions of carbonaceous materials intimately mixed with the sludge, to encapsulate the heavy metals with carbon bonded thereto which effectively detoxifies the residue and renders it immune to any substantial leaching out or later exposure to the toxic metals, such that the same is environmentally safe for such uses as landfill and the like.

[0023] In the following, the advantages of this invention will be discussed. The present invention has the ability to collect and purify gas from the composting process of urban waste, which is done using aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. In this invention, by using the process of oxidation and production of sulfuric acid, it eliminates the bad smell of waste gases and also makes these gases safe. This invention is portable and has the ability to move different sections, and there is also the ability to transfer sections to other rows of the compost process in this invention.

[0024] Dumping garbage in landfills has many disadvantages for the environment due to the emission of greenhouse gases and groundwater pollution. In the meantime, the production of composting and soil amendment devices can be proposed as a new solution to deal with these challenges. Composting machines convert organic materials such as food waste and agricultural waste into organic fertilizer. As a rich source of nutrients, this organic fertilizer can be used to improve soil quality and increase its fertility and promote sustainable agriculture.

[0025] The use of composting machines has other advantages such as reducing the volume of waste, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and finally preserving natural resources. Considering the mentioned advantages, the production and use of composting and soil amendment devices can be considered as a sustainable solution to deal with environmental challenges.

[0026] First, both composting methods and the effective factors in these processes will be explained. The advantages of aerobic process compared to anaerobic are also expressed.

[0027] Aerobic compost production

[0028] Decomposition of organic matter with oxygen is called aerobic process. Aerobic microbes use oxygen to feed on organic matter. Using the nutrients (basically nitrogen, phosphorus and some carbon) that are in the raw materials of compost, their cell protoplasm grows. Organic materials are generally decomposed more efficiently and fully used in the conditions of access to sufficient and suitable oxygen and in large quantities. This happens as a result of the energy produced from aerobic fermentation.

[0029] The first phase of aerobic decomposition is mass formation. In the first two days of composting, the temperature rises rapidly to 70-80 degrees Celsius. Initially, mesophilic organisms (the optimal growth temperature of them is 20 to 45 degrees Celsius) grow rapidly due to the presence of sufficient available sugar and amino acids. Common mesophilic microbes include Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Flavobacterium, Clostridium, Altemaria, Cladosporium, Aspergillus, Mucor, Humicella, Penicillium, and Streptomyces. Due to access to a large amount of food resources, these microbes grow quickly and produce heat through their own metabolism and raise the temperature of the mass. Then, several thermophilic fungi (Aspergillus, Mucor, Chaetomium, Humicella, Absidia, Sporotrichum, Torula (yeast) and Thermoascus), thermophilic bacteria (Bacillus and Thermos) and some actinomycetes (Streptomyces, Micropolyspora, Thermaactinomyces and Thermomonospora) continued the process and they raise the temperature of the mass up to 65 to 70 degrees Celsius and more. This heat phase is the maximum required to kill most pathogens and weed seeds. These can contaminate the compost and then contaminate the soil and the product in contact with the compost.

[0030] The final phase of active composting is the "conservation" phase. At this stage, some microbes (basically fungi) show activity that breaks down plant cell wall materials such as cellulose and hemicellulose. The "protection" phase is one of the necessary phases before using compost in the field. Immature compost can cause great risks such as lack of oxygen and deficiencies in nutrients, which can cause a lack of nutrients in the soil and lead to the release of organic acids. Organic acids have toxic effects on plant material growing in the affected areas.

[0031] Finally, the temperature decreases to the temperature of the free air. The final or mature compost mass becomes more uniform and has less microbial activity. However, mesophilic microbes are regenerated in compost. The final composting material is dark brown to black, which increases the humus content of the soil. The particle size of mature compost is close to that of the soil texture and the carbon to nitrogen ratio is reduced, the pH is close to neutral and the exchange capacity is increased.

[0032] The main effective factors in the compost production process

[0033] • Aeration In aerobic composting, oxygen is a critical factor. Aerobic microbes need oxygen to grow and break down organic matter. If enough oxygen does not reach the compost mass, the growth of microbes slows down and the decomposition of organic matter is not done well. Proper ventilation also helps remove excess heat, water vapor, and other gases trapped in the pile. These gases can increase the temperature of the mass, decrease the humidity and create unfavorable conditions for the growth of microbes.

[0034] To ensure proper aeration in composting, the following two methods can be used:

[0035] Raw material particle size control: Raw materials with smaller particle size have more contact surface with air and therefore receive more oxygen. Frequent turning of the mass: turning the mass causes the raw materials to be uniformly exposed to the air.

[0036] • Temperatures

[0037] In composting, there are two thermal phases:

[0038] Mesophilic phase: In this phase, the temperature of the compost mass is between 20 and 45 degrees Celsius. In this phase, mesophilic microbes break down organic matter.

[0039] Thermophilic phase: In this phase, the temperature of the compost mass is between 50 and 70 degrees Celsius. In this phase, thermophilic microbes break down organic matter at a faster rate and also destroy pathogens and weed seeds.

[0040] Composting temperature should be within the appropriate range. If the temperature is too high, the activity of microbes decreases and if the temperature is too low, the decomposition of organic matter slows down.

[0041] Most pathogens cannot survive at temperatures above 55°C, and to eliminate weed eggs, the critical temperature is 62°C and above. Therefore, to produce good compost, the composting temperature can be adjusted by turning and aerating the pile. Turning the pile causes the raw materials to be exposed to the air evenly and the temperature of the pile is evenly distributed. Aeration also helps to remove excess heat from the mass.

[0042] • Humidity

[0043] In aerobic composting, water is essential for the growth and decomposition of organic matter by aerobic microbes. If the compost is too dry, the microbes cannot get enough water for their growth and activity, and therefore, the microbial activity is reduced. This slows down the composting process.

[0044] On the other hand, if the compost is too wet, anaerobic conditions will occur. In anaerobic conditions, anaerobic microbes grow. These microbes break down organic matter into substances that are harmful to plants.

[0045] Therefore, for good composting, the moisture content must be within the appropriate range. The ideal moisture content is between 40 and 65%. In this range, aerobic microbes can grow well and decompose organic matter into useful substances for plants.

[0046] • pH amount

[0047] The pH of compost indicates its acidity or alkalinity. pH is important for the growth and decomposition of organic matter by microbes. If the pH is too low, microbes cannot access nutrients and microbial activity decreases. If the pH is too high, microbes cannot grow well. The optimal pH for good microbial growth in compost is between 6 and 7.5. Within this range, microbes can grow well and decompose organic matter into nutrients beneficial for plants.

[0048] • Nutrients The major nutrients in the composting process include: carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Carbon serves as an energy source for microbes, while nitrogen is essential for building proteins and other necessary molecules. In the composting process, the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio is a limiting factor. In ratios exceeding 40 to 1 of carbon to nitrogen, an excess of carbon source and a limited amount of nitrogen source restrict microbial growth, leading to a slower decomposition process. In contrast, in carbon-to-nitrogen ratios less than 20 to 1, nitrogen may be utilized sparingly, and the excess may be released to the atmosphere as ammonia or nitrous oxide, causing odor issues. Another major nutrient in the composting process is phosphorus, which is a non-leachable nutrient and remains in the system throughout the process. Since phosphorus can leach from the system, its concentration in raw compost materials should be high. Similarly, potassium is another non-leachable nutrient that can leach from the composting system. The potassium concentration in the final compost product should always be higher than in the initial raw material.

[0049] Anaerobic compost production

[0050] Anaerobic composting process occurs without oxygen involvement. This typically happens in nature. Anaerobic decomposition results in the breakdown of organic compounds by the action of anaerobic microorganisms. Similar to aerobic processes, anaerobic microbes use nitrogen, phosphorus, and other nutrients for cellular protoplasm growth. The major difference between the decomposition of organic and mineral compounds in composting mass is akin to the breakdown of organic nitrogen into organic acids and ammonia. Similarly, a significant portion of carbon is released as methane gas, and a small portion of carbon can be respired as carbon dioxide. Since the bulk of anaerobic compost undergoes decomposition of organic matter due to the reductive process, the final product must, to some extent, be subjected to aerobic processes. This oxidation process does not adversely affect the utilization of materials as it occurs over a short period of time.

[0051] The anaerobic composting process involves four major stages: hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis. In the first stage, known as hydrolysis, yeast microbes convert insoluble complex organic materials such as cellulose into soluble molecules such as fatty acids, amino acids, and sugars. Hydrolytic activity is a rate-limiting factor as it significantly affects materials with high organic content. In the subsequent stage of anaerobic decomposition, known as acidogenesis, remaining complex molecules are further broken down by acidogenic bacteria (yeasts). In the next step of anaerobic digestion, the simple molecules created by the acidogenesis phase are further digested, and by acetogenic bacteria, are directed towards the production of acetic acid, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen. Major bacteria in this phase include Clostridium acetobutylicum, Clostridium woodyi, and Clostridium thermocellum.

[0052] The final phase is methanogenesis. In this phase, methane producing bacteria produce methane (for example Methanosarcina).

[0053] The main effective factors in anaerobic composting:

[0054] • Temperatures

[0055] In anaerobic composting, temperature is one of the crucial factors that affects the speed and efficiency of the process. The optimal temperature for the growth and activity of anaerobic microbes, mesophilic, is 35 degrees Celsius. At this temperature, microbes effectively decompose organic matter and maximize biogas production.

[0056] As the temperature decreases, microbial activities decrease as well. For every 10-degree drop, microbial activities and growth rates can decrease by up to 50 percent. At a temperature of 10 degrees Celsius, biogas production ceases completely. Temperatures higher than 37 degrees Celsius can also have a negative impact on the anaerobic composting process. At this temperature, microbes may grow unnaturally fast and may increase the production of harmful byproducts such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide. Additionally, it may lead to a reduction in biogas production.

[0057] • pH

[0058] In anaerobic composting, pH is also a crucial factor that affects the speed and efficiency of the process. The optimal pH for the growth and activity of anaerobic, mesophilic microbes is between 6.8 and 7.2. Within this pH range, microbes effectively decompose organic matter and maximize biogas production. As pH decreases, microbial activity declines. At a pH of 6.5, microbial activity decreases by approximately 50 percent. At pH 6, microbial activity significantly decreases, and biogas production stops.

[0059] An increase in pH can also negatively affect the anaerobic composting process. At pH 8, microbial activity is reduced and may increase the production of harmful byproducts such as hydrogen sulfide.

[0060] • Substrate

[0061] The initial substrate concentration is one of the important factors affecting the anaerobic digestion process. Initial substrate concentration measures the amount of organic matter in the compost mass at the beginning of the process.

[0062] The initial substrate concentration affects the speed and efficiency of anaerobic digestion process. A higher initial substrate concentration leads to a faster decomposition rate of organic matter. However, excessively high initial substrate concentration can also have a negative impact on the anaerobic digestion process. At very high initial substrate concentrations, microbes may not be able to decompose organic matter rapidly enough. This results in the accumulation of organic matter in the compost pile, which can lead to issues such as unpleasant odor and the production of harmful by-products.

[0063] The initial substrate concentration also affects methane production. A higher initial substrate concentration leads to more methane gas production. However, very high initial substrate concentration can also negatively affect methane gas production.

[0064] At very high initial substrate concentrations, methane-producing microbes cannot break down organic matter fast enough. This leads to a reduction in methane gas production.

[0065] • Pathogens

[0066] Unlike aerobic decomposition, pathogens pose significant threats to the composting materials in anaerobic decomposition. In aerobic decomposition, temperatures above 55 degrees Celsius can eliminate pathogens. However, in anaerobic decomposition, temperatures are usually below 40 degrees Celsius, which is not sufficient to eliminate pathogens. The only way to eliminate pathogens during anaerobic decomposition is to create completely anaerobic conditions. In anaerobic conditions, pathogens cannot effectively grow and ultimately perish.

[0067] Furthermore, biological interference can also help reduce the chance of pathogen viability in compost. Beneficial anaerobic microbes can decompose organic matter into substances that are toxic to pathogens. Therefore, to ensure the elimination of pathogens in anaerobic compost, it is important to create completely anaerobic conditions and store the composted materials for a minimum of 6 months to one year. Aerobic versus anaerobic compost production

[0068] Anaerobic composting is considered as a potential alternative to aerobic composting. The major support for anaerobic composting relates to minimizing nitrogen loss during the composting process. Despite this advantage, the limitations and drawbacks of the anaerobic process cannot be overlooked. Several advantages of aerobic composting over anaerobic composting exist, including: a) Rapid decomposition of raw materials, b) Higher temperatures in the pile, which prevent weed seeds and pathogens from surviving, c) Reduced intensity of foul odors, d) Can occur within a shorter time frame.

[0069] • Decomposition

[0070] The decomposition of organic matter in aerobic composting occurs much faster compared to the anaerobic process. In anaerobic composting, the composted materials must be stored for periods of 6 months to a year to ensure complete decomposition of organic matter.

[0071] • Pathogen suppression

[0072] Both aerobic and anaerobic composting require microbes to decompose raw materials. Pathogens are often not resistant to high temperatures and anaerobic conditions. Under aerobic conditions, the compost pile may reach temperatures of 60 to 70 degrees Celsius, which is sufficiently high to eliminate pathogens present in the raw materials. Whereas in the anaerobic composting process, temperatures never reach 70 degrees Celsius. Therefore, the likelihood of pathogens remaining in the compost is considerably higher in comparison to aerobic decomposition.

[0073] In aerobic composting systems, the most critical factor is the interaction between weed species and composting parameters such as temperature, time, and moisture. During aerobic composting, higher temperatures (up to 70 degrees Celsius) increase the rate of weed seed destruction. Therefore, prolonging the exposure time to high temperatures in composting enhances the eradication of weed seeds. A similar study on composting reports that weed seeds like "Barnyard grass," "Pigweed," and "Kochia" were killed at a moisture level of 35% and temperatures ranging from 50 to 70 degrees Celsius. Generally, in the aerobic composting process, fungal pathogens do not survive due to high temperatures. However, many of them form reproductive structures that are usually more heat-resistant than vegetative structures. Many pathogenic fungi such as Fusarium oxysporum, Olpidium brassicae, Synchytrium endobioticum, Plasmodiophora brassicae, and Phytophthora infestans can produce reproductive structures that tolerate temperatures of 40 to 65 degrees Celsius for 10 to 30 minutes.

[0074] Similarly, plant pathogenic bacteria are unlikely to survive in composting where temperatures typically rise above 50 degrees Celsius. Therefore, optimal exposure to high temperatures is necessary for complete elimination of fungal pathogens in compost. All these studies underscore the importance of the thermophilic phase in aerobic composting processes compared to anaerobic composting, where temperatures never exceed 65 degrees Celsius.

[0075] • Emission of gases

[0076] In the initial phase of composting organic waste, the emission of certain unpleasant odors is expected. The source of these odors primarily stems from the rapid microbial activity leading towards the production of simple compounds from complex ones. The intensity and extent of these odors during anaerobic composting are generally greater compared to aerobic composting. In aerobic composting, the periodic supply of oxygen to the pile helps reduce the likelihood of formation and release of foul gases. Conversely, in anaerobic composting, due to the closed system, the formation and release of unpleasant odors are more pronounced. A potential solution for controlling gas emissions is biological or chemical purification.

[0077] DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0078] Having a method to enjoy the benefits of both aerobic and anaerobic methods as well as control the composting process can reduce the negative environmental effects of the process and improve the quality of the obtained compost. In each of the two methods, the fermentation environment is very different. In aerobic, the presence of oxygen and the aeration process, and in anaerobic, the presence of fermentation reactors and process control makes the fermentation environment completely designed for a specific method and process. If the process can be carried out anaerobically and at the same time have an aerobic process, it can have faster fermentation and better decomposition of materials with less production of harmful substances and also the destruction of pathogens and plant seeds in compost. In this regard, by adding effective microorganisms during stacking, the bacteria flora of the waste stack maximizes. This process is done by spraying liquid water with EM, which is a consortium of microorganisms, on the waste pile. In the central part of the pile, the process goes more towards anaerobic and in the outer parts of the waste pile, the process goes towards aerobic. The passage of moisture and fresh air over the pile increases the aerobic process on the surface and lack of ventilation in the middle part of the pile causes this part of the process to become anaerobic. In order to prevent the release of produced gases and biogas, the constant flow of air on the stack and sending said flow to the gas reforming system prevents the release of produced gases.

[0079] The produced gases are all burned in the oxidation column and turn into CO2or other oxides. At the end, the gases resulting from the oxidation process are mixed with water and dissolved in it. The resulting liquid has an acidic pH and becomes a liquid nutrient fertilizer by absorbing sulfur and other nitrogenous and carbonaceous compounds which can be added to the compost in another process to enrich the compost or, if necessary, add directly to the soil to reduce soil salinity. During the composting period, the structure moves twice on its rails, and with the help of top-train machines, the pile of waste is turned over and aerated. With this, the central anaerobic fermented part enters the aerobic fermentation phase and the surface aerobic part enters the anaerobic fermentation phase.

[0080] At the end, with the completion of the composting process, the humidity level of the incoming air is reduced by the central control system so that the process can proceed towards stability and completion after reducing the humidity. In this regard, the humidifier of the line is stopped.

[0081] The present invention is a kind of intelligent urban composting system to purify and eliminate the bad smell of gases caused by urban waste such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and also to make the gases released from these wastes harmless. This invention consists of four main parts. The first part (Figure 3) is the air intake unit with dimensions of 2 x 3 x 2 meters. The section related to this unit consists of a rectangular profile of 4 x 2 cm made of steel (Figure 3, No. 201) and for greater strength of the structure, the vertical and horizontal profiles are welded to each other by a semi-elliptical profile. A greenhouse nylon cover (Figure 3, No. 202) is placed on this structure, and in order to prevent these nylons from becoming hollow, six tow wires are installed around the structure. In the front part of the structure, there is an entrance door (Fig. 3, No. 217) for entering and exiting and checking the air intake unit, along with a hinge (Fig. 3, No. 220) and a handle (Fig. 3, No. 219). The door is surrounded by a plate. Behind the air intake section, there is a plate (Figure 3, No. 207) that is raised up to a quarter of the height of the entire section, and the remaining three quarters are made of mesh nets so that air can flow well and prevent garbage from entering inside the first section. In front of the second section, a valve with a mesh cover (Figure 3, No. 221) is installed to allow air to enter the water tank. Inside the section, two rectangular cube water tanks (Figure 3, No. 216) are designed with dimensions of 770x700x1050 and two valves are created on them, the larger valve is connected to the air inlet valve by an L-shaped tube (Figure 3, No. 222). A smaller valve is installed by an L-shaped tube (Figure 3, No. 204) to allow air to enter the waste storage sections. The mechanism of the first section for the entry and exit of air from this section is such that the air taken from the environment through L-shaped tubes (Figure 3, No. 222) enters to two water tanks and a hygrometer is mounted inside first section and by setting the humidifier, a certain amount of moisture is allowed to leave the tank through the L-shaped tube (Figure 3, No. 204) so that this moisture is transferred to the waste storage sections and prevents them from drying out and stopping the bacteria growth process. With this method, the system does not allow dry air to enter the waste storage section. At the end of the tube (Figure 3, No. 204) there is a weight damper that prevents the entry of bad smelling gases, methane and other gases into the surroundings. This damper is designed with a gentle slope of ten degrees at the end of the tube and is connected to the tube by a hinge. Due to the weight of this damper, the tube always remains closed. When the suction happens, the pressure becomes negative and the air plus humidity tries to get out of the tube and puts pressure on the damper and a small amount of the damper goes up and the air can leave the tube and enter the rest of the sections. The transfer and movement system of the respective sections is such that each section is moved by two rails (Figure 3, No. 213) that are located around each of them. Around each section there are four mechanical systems that are connected to the structure by plates. With the help of this mechanical system and the wheels connected to it, it is possible to move the structures. This mechanical system is such that there is a lever handle (Figure 3, No. 214) that is placed obliquely when the structure is on the ground. This system is designed in such a way that the lever can be pulled down by the force of weight to the lever on which the wheel is located (Figure 3 No. 210 and 212), with this power transfer, the entire structure rises and also, the spring installed on the lever of the wheels and the plate (Figure 3, No. 209) keeps the structure up. It should be noted that in order to perform this process correctly, four workers must simultaneously pull down the handle so that the entire structure is in a state of displacement.

[0082] The second part of this invention is the waste storage unit. (Figure 2 No. 102 and Figure 5) This unit consists of several sections with the same structure as the air intake unit, whose length, width and height are 3 meters and the garbage (Figure 5, No. 305) is placed inside these sections. Like the air intake unit, these sections have four mechanical systems (Figure 5, No. 303) to move the sections. Also, these sections have three clasps in the middle of the section for transfer (Figure 5 No. 301, 307 and 308). At the beginning and end of all relevant sections, there is a sponge insulation cover. This action creates a strong corridor that places the sections together and also prevents the exit of smelly and harmful gases.

[0083] The third part of this invention is the unit related to burning and purifying gases (Figure 2 No. 103 and Figure 7). This part is made of two structures with different dimensions. The first section has dimensions of 2 x 3 x 2 meters and the second section has dimensions of 3 x 3 x 3 meters. In the second section, due to the presence of the furnace and air washer, a higher height is considered. To separate the third section with waste, a plate (Figure 7, No. 426) with a height of one and a half meters has been installed at the beginning of this crusher. On the top of the plate, the disposition plate of suction fans is installed. Two axial fans (Figure 7, No. 425) are designed by a rectangular plate (Figure 7, No. 423) in a one-meter structure, which is directly connected to the structure. An entrance door (Figure 7, No. 408) has been installed for the entry and exit of people. When the fans break down, there is a step (Figure 7, No. 424) in the middle of the plate. Two tubes (Figure 7, No. 427) are connected to these axial fans to transfer gases to the furnace (Figure 7, No. 431). This furnace is equipped with PLC and the emitted gases are measured every ten minutes by PLC and gas sensor, and when the amount of these gases reaches a certain amount, the axial fans start working and direct the gases in the waste storage unit into the furnace. The furnace is gas burning and is fixed on a support (Figure 7, No. 419). Under the furnace, a burner (Figure 7, No. 420) is designed to bum gases, and this burner is connected to the gas capsule by a gas tube. All the gases transferred to the furnace such as H2S and other organic gases (nitrogen, carbon dioxide,...) are exposed to heat which this action breaks the aromatic compounds and oxidizes the gases, and finally turn into SO2, CO2, H2O. The produced gases are passed through the vanadium pentoxide catalyst chamber and SO2gas is converted into SO3gas. All the gases created by a tube (Figure 7, No. 433) are transferred to the air washer system (Figure 7, No. 401). The air washer system has the ability to filter and clean the gas from pollution and increase air humidity. When the resulting gases enter the air washer system, water enters the air washer system through the water pump (Figure 7, No. 417) by the corresponding tube (Figure 7, No. 418) and through the water injection nozzles (Figure 7, No. 402), water enters the air washer environment. At the bottom of the air washer, there is a chamber (Figure 7, No. 407) where the water collects after spraying. A valve is installed in the bottom of the chamber (Fig. 7, No. 409) through which the collected water is connected to the pump inlet (Fig. 7, No. 416) through a tube (Fig. 7, No. 415) and water enters this cycle again. There is a pH meter in the relevant air washer, which when the pH meter shows a number lower than 7 means the creation of sulfuric acid and it can be extracted from this system. After the air washer process, the safe gas CO2enters the open air through the fan and tube installed at the outlet of the air washer (Figure 7, No. 406 and 405) and practically, with this process, the bad smell of urban waste is eliminated and the emitted gases become safe. These two end sections, like other units, are moved by the embedded mechanical system (Figure 7, No. 413) on rod rails (Figure 7, No. 412) and like other sections, they consist of horizontal and vertical profiles (Figure 7, numbers 411 and 410) and also, a plate (Figure 7, No. 414) is installed in the bottom of the section.

[0084] The fourth part of this invention is related to the rotation and displacement of different compost sections and their transfer to other rows. This system is designed in such a way that the tubular rail related to this process (Figure 9, No. 501) is set exactly in line with the main rail and by moving each section to the end of the rail strip, each section can easily be placed on this system. This system includes a plate (Figure 9, No. 502) on which each section can be placed and because this system is responsible for the rotation and displacement of the structure in question, it must perform the rotation of the structure at the same time. Therefore, considering that the tubular rails are in the same line, this operation is not possible and in order to fix it, four pneumatic scissor lifting jacks (Figure 10, No. 604) are installed on the four sides of the plate which includes the upper and lower plates of the pneumatic jack (Figure 9 No. 504 and 507), scissor-shaped plates (Figure 9 No. 506) and pneumatic jack (Figure 9 No. 505). With the help of this jack, the plate on which the structure is mounted rises to the required size and by four rotating wheels (Figure 9, No. 509) mounted on the wheel holder (Figure 9, No. 510), it rotates on the designed circular path (Figure 9, No. 503 and Figure 10, No. 610). These four rotating wheels are installed exactly on the top plate of the pneumatic jack and provide 180 degree rotation capability for this system. The whole system described by a shaft (Figure 10 Nos. 609 and 611) is mounted on a chariot. This chariot has four wheels (Figure 10, No. 603), which moves on a corresponding rail (Figure 10, No. 607 and 608). In order to prevent the unwanted movement of sections, three guards have been considered around the carriage. (Figure 10 No. 606) The chariot in question is placed one meter under the ground to carry out this process. The operation of the pneumatic scissor jack and the rotation process of the sections can be seen in Figures 12 and 13, and also in Figure 1, a field of the composting process, moving and transferring the sections can be seen.

[0085] In this invention, several lines can be connected to each other with the help of a collector and the process can be completed by using a suction device and burning common gases. Also, by increasing the dimensions of the structure, compared to the construction of a static structure that is equipped with a common section for adding moisture and burning polluting gases at the beginning and end, the process can be performed without moving the waste protection structure. Also, to burn different gases, the temperature of the oxidation reactor can be adjusted, and the gases resulting from the burning of pollutants, aromatic compounds, or any other gas can be burned in it and converted into the main constituent elements or the oxides of the constituent elements. By using this invention in fermenting waste and turning it into compost with anaerobic microorganisms, it is possible to easily oxidize the resulting biogas, as well as the gases emitted by sulfur roots or the gases produced by organic substances in the reactor and dissolve it in water using an air washer, and at the end, the obtained solution can be used as a liquid nutrient fertilizer in agricultural fields due to the presence of large amounts of sulfur, nitrogen or carbon compounds.

[0086] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0087] Figure 1 shows an overview of the system and structure of the municipal waste composting process.

[0088] Figure 2 shows an overview of the components of a row of urban composting structures. • 101- Section of air inlet

[0089] • 102- Stages of urban compost maintenance

[0090] • 103- stages of purification and neutralization of the created gases

[0091] • 104- The system of moving sections and transferring to other rows

[0092] Figure 3 shows a view of the components of the air inlet section.

[0093] • 201- Oval profile 2x4 cm

[0094] • 202- Glass nylon placed on the structure

[0095] • 203- Valve to release air and introduce moisture into the compost environment

[0096] • 204- Tube leading air from the tank to the compost environment

[0097] • 205- Cylindrical sponge covered in front and back of each section

[0098] • 206- Vertical profile 2x4 cm

[0099] • 207- The separating wall of the air inlet section with compost storage sections to prevent waste from entering the inlet section

[0100] • 208- Plate screwed to the structure to connect the wheel system to it

[0101] • 209- Spring to hold the wheel lever

[0102] • 210- Wheel holding lever

[0103] • 211- Manual lever for placing the wheel on the bar rail

[0104] • 212- Pulley wheel

[0105] • 213- Rail

[0106] • 214- Lever • 215- Profile 4 x 2 cm horizontal

[0107] • 216- Water tank

[0108] • 217- At the entrance to the section

[0109] • 218- Opening the lock and closing the door

[0110] • 219- Door handle

[0111] • 220 - Door hinge

[0112] • 221- Air inlet valve

[0113] • 222- Air inlet tube and its transfer to the water tank

[0114] • 223- Wire Ropes

[0115] Figure 4 shows the exploded view of the air intake section.

[0116] Figure 5 shows a view of the urban compost storage section.

[0117] • 301- The handle located on the right side of the structure to lift it

[0118] • 302- glass nylon placed on the structure

[0119] • 303- Trolley system for moving the structure on the bar rail

[0120] • 304- Rod rail

[0121] • 305- Municipal waste

[0122] • 306- Profile 2 x 4 cm

[0123] • 307- The handle located on the left side of the structure to lift it

[0124] • 308- The handle located in the middle of the structure to lift it

[0125] Figure 6 shows the exploded view of urban waste storage section. Figure 7 shows a view of the stages of purification and neutralization of the generated gases.

[0126] • 401- Air washer system

[0127] • 402- Water injection nozzles in the Air washer system

[0128] • 403- Two-in-four profile connecting semi-elliptical profiles of two end sections

[0129] • 404- Water guiding tube in Airwasher system

[0130] • 405- Axial fan to release purified air

[0131] • 406- Tube leading air to the outside

[0132] • 407- Water pool to direct the water to the pump inlet in the Air washer system

[0133] • 408- At the entrance to the air purification section

[0134] • 409- The outlet valve of the pool floor of the Air washer system

[0135] • 410- Two-by-four horizontal profile

[0136] • 411 - two-by-four vertical profile

[0137] • 412- Rod rail

[0138] • 413- Trolley system for moving the structure on the bar rail

[0139] • 414- Structure floor plate

[0140] • 415 - Water transfer tube from the airwasher pool to the pump inlet

[0141] • 416- Water inlet tube to the pump

[0142] • 417- Water pump • 418- Water transfer tube from the pump to the Air washer system

[0143] • 419- Furnace holder

[0144] • 420- Torch

[0145] • 421 - Gas capsule

[0146] • 422- Towing wire

[0147] • 423- Holder for axial fans

[0148] • 424- Stairs

[0149] • 425- Axial fan to transfer gases to the furnace

[0150] • 426- Separating wall with sections for keeping compost to prevent the entry of waste

[0151] • 427- Tube for transferring gases to the furnace

[0152] • 428- Cylindrical sponge covered in front and back of each section

[0153] • 429- Tow wire holder handle

[0154] • 430- Two-by-four semi-elliptical profile

[0155] • 431- Furnace

[0156] • 432- Connecting plate of furnace sections

[0157] • 433- Tube for transferring cooked gases to the Air washer system

[0158] Figure 8 shows the exploded view of the stages of purification and neutralization of the created gases.

[0159] Figure 9 shows a view of the lifting jack components and its derivatives.

[0160] • 501- Rod rail • 502- Sections holding plate

[0161] • 503- The path of the wheels

[0162] • 504- The upper plate of the lifting jack

[0163] • 505- Pneumatic jack

[0164] • 506 and 507- scissor- shaped plates

[0165] • 508- The lower plate of the lifting jack

[0166] • 509- A wheel with a rotation angle of 180 degrees to move on a circular path

[0167] • 510- Wheel

[0168] • 511- plate rotation shaft

[0169] Figure 10 shows a view of the components of the system for moving different sections of compost.

[0170] • 601- Carriage for moving sections

[0171] • 602- Sections holding plate

[0172] • 603- Chariot wheel

[0173] • 604- Pneumatic scissor lift jack

[0174] • 605- Rod rail

[0175] • 606- Carriage protector for moving sections

[0176] • 607 and 608- The path created on the ground for the movement of the chariot wheels

[0177] • 609- Plate rotation shaft • 610- The movement path of rotating wheels

[0178] • 611- Carriage reinforcements for moving sections

[0179] • 612- Wheel shaft

[0180] Figure 11 shows exploded view of the system for moving different sections of compost.

[0181] Figure 12 shows the process of rotating different sections of compost to move them to other rows.

[0182] Figure 13 shows the manner of working the pneumatic scissor lift jack to rotate different sections of compost. Figure 14 shows an isometric view of the structure.

[0183] Figure 15 shows the top view of the structure.

[0184] Figure 16 shows the manner of moving the top train and stirring the garbage.

[0185] Figure 17 shows the front view of the structure.

[0186] Figure 18 shows the manner of dumping waste in rows. Figure 19 shows the right side view of the structure.

[0187] Figure 20 shows the cut view of the entire structure.

Claims

What is claimed is:

1. The invention of system and structure of urban waste composting process using aerobic and anaerobic bacteria with the capability of collecting and purifying the resulting gases, and neutralizing the gases produced by oxidation process and producing sulfuric acid which consists of at least four main parts and includes at least several portable structures with wheels and at least two rails and at least one waste storage section and at least one air intake unit and at least one greenhouse nylon cover and at least a few towing wires and at least one plate behind the air intake section and at least two water tanks and at least two valves and at least one hygrometer and at least one humidifier and at least one weight damper and at least one transmission and movement system of sections and at least several mechanical systems and at least one lever and at least one sponge isolation cover at the beginning and end of sections and at least one gas burning and purification unit and at least one oxidation reactor and at least one burner and at least one air washer and at least a few suction fans and at least a PLC and at least a gas sensor and at least a pH meter and at least a few pneumatic scissor lifting jacks.

2. The system and structure of claims 1 in which the air inlet section is made of a rectangular steel profile, and for greater strength of the structure, the vertical and horizontal profiles are welded to each other by a semi-elliptical profile.

3. The system and structure of claims 1 in which a greenhouse nylon cover is placed on the air intake unit and six tow wires are used to prevent these nylons from getting pitted in the surrounding areas.

4. The system and structure of claims 1 in which behind the air intake unit, there is a plate with the height of a quarter of the entire section that theremaining three quarters of which is made up of mesh nets to improve the air flow and prevent garbage from entering this section.

5. The system and structure of claims 1 in which inside the air intake section, two rectangular cubic water tanks are designed, with two valves and a mesh cover placed in front of them.

6. The system and structure of claims 1 in which the larger valve in the second section is connected to the air inlet valve by an L- shaped pipe and the smaller valve is installed by an L-shaped pipe to allow air to enter the waste storage sections.

7. The system and structure of claims 1 in which a hygrometer is installed inside the tanks, by setting the humidifier, a certain amount of moisture is allowed to leave the tank through the L-shaped tube, so that this moisture is transferred to the waste storage sections, preventing them from drying out and stopping the growth process of bacteria.

8. The system and structure of claims 1 in which there is a weight damper at the end of the pipe that prevents the entry of bad smelling gases, methane and other gases into the surrounding environment9. The system and structure of claims 1 in which the transfer and movement system of the sections works in such a way that around each section there are four mechanical systems that are connected to the structure by a plate and with the help of the lever and the wheels connected to the plate and the rails placed around each one, it is possible to move the structures.

10. The system and structure of claims 1 in which the waste storage unit consists of several sections with the same structure as the air intake unit.

11. The system and structure of claims 1 where at the beginning and end of all the sections related to the waste storage section, there is a sponge insulationcover that creates a strong corridor and puts the sections together and also prevents the release of smelly and harmful gases.

12. The system and structure of claims 1 in which the unit related to burning and purification of gases is made of two structures with different dimensions.

13. The system and structure of claims 1 in which the combustion and purification of gases, oxidation reactor and air washer are located in the second section.

14. The system and structure of claims 1 in which to separate the burning and purifying gases section from waste, a plate with a height of one and a half meters is installed at the beginning of this section, which is placed on top of the plate of the installation of suction fans.

15. The system and structure of claims 1 in which two axial fans are designed by a rectangular plate at a height of one meter of the structure, which is directly connected to the structure, and two pipes for transferring gases to the oxidation reactor are connected to these fans.

16. The system and structure of claims 1 in which the oxidation reactor is equipped with a PLC and a gas sensor that measures the emitted gases every ten minutes and when the amount of these gases reaches a certain value, the axial fans start working and conducts the gases in the waste storage into the oxidation reactor.

17. The system and structure of claims 1 in which all the gases transferred to the oxidation reactor such as H2S and other organic gases (nitrogen, carbon dioxide, ...) are exposed to heat, which breaks the aromatic compounds and oxidizes the gases and finally become H2O, CO2and SO2.

18. The system and structure of claims 1 in which the produced gases are passed through the vanadium pentoxide catalyst chamber and SO2gas is converted into SO3gas.

19. The system and structure of claims 1 in which all the created gases are transferred to the air washer system through a pipe, which enters the air washer system through the water pump by the corresponding pipe and enters the air washer environment through the water injection nozzles.

20. The system and structure of claims 1 in which there is a chamber in the bottom of the air washer where the water is collected after spraying in that chamber and by the valve installed in the bottom of the chamber and the pipe, the collected water is connected to the pump inlet and the water enters this cycle again.

21. The system and structure of claims 1 in which there is a pH meter in the air washer, which when it shows a number less than 7, it means the creation of sulfuric acid and it can be extracted from this system.

22. The system and structure of claims 1 in which after the air washer process, safe CO2 gas enters the open air through the fan and pipe installed at the air washer outlet, and practically, with this process, the bad smell of urban waste is eliminated and the emitted gases become safe.

23. The system and structure of claims 1 in which the fourth part of this invention is related to the rotation and movement of different compost sections and their transfer to other rows, which is designed in such a way that the tubular rail related to this process is set exactly in line with the main rail and by moving each section to the end of the rail strip, each section can easily be placed on this system.

24. The system and structure of claims 1 in which in the moving carriage section, four pneumatic scissor lifting jacks are installed on the four sides of the plate, which includes the upper and lower plates of pneumatic jacks, scissor-shaped plates and pneumatic jacks.

25. The system and structure of claims 1 in which, with the help of a jack, the plate which the structure is mounted on it, is raised to the required size and rotates on a circular path designed by four rotating wheels that are mounted on the wheel holder, which provides the ability to rotate 180 degrees for this system.

26. The system and structure of claims 1 in which the whole system is mounted by a shaft on a carriage that has four wheels that move on a corresponding rail.

27. The system and structure of claims 1 in which the composting process is carried out simultaneously in different layers in aerobic and anaerobic form.

28. The system and structure of claims 1 in which the anaerobic process is taking place in the lower part of the waste pile and also in the center part of the pile.

29. The system and structure of claims 1 in which the surface part of the waste pile is being decomposed by the process of aerobic fermentation.

30. The system and structure of claims 1 in which, by moving the cover sections and using the machine to turn the waste back and forth during the fermentation process, it turned the waste stack upside down once or twice until the parts that have been fermented by the anaerobic process have changed their nature and transferred to the aerobic area and also the surface aerobic part to be transferred to the depth.

31. The system and structure of claims 1 in which, due to the breakdown of different gas molecules in the oxidation reactor, it will be oxidized and free of pathogens, unpleasant odors, or pollutants such as sulfur oxide.

32. The system and structure of claims 1 in which the protective structure of the waste pile can be built on a larger scale and in which two or more waste piles can be fermented in parallel.

33. The system and structure of claims 1 in which, if using large halls instead of moving sections, process machines can be brought into the hall with the fixed structure and the door of the hall closed so that the process can be done without moving the structure.

34. The system and structure of claims 1 in which the resulting biogas, as well as the gases emitted by the base of sulfur or the gases obtained from organic materials, can be easily oxidized in the reactor and dissolved in water using an air washer, and at the end, the resulted solution can be used as a liquid nutrient fertilizer in agricultural fields due to the presence of large amounts of sulfur and nitrogen compounds or carbon.

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