Substance sampling setups and methods

Abstract

A substance detection and identification device is disclosed comprising one or more sensor elements, each having at least one sensitive region configured for attachment of at least one substance material thereto and generate measurement signals indicative thereof, a sensor chamber comprising at least one sample inlet configured to stream sample material onto the one or more sensor elements mounted inside the sensor chamber for substance detection; and at least one magnet field generator configured to apply a magnetic field over the one or more sensor elements and thereby increase an amount of the sample material attached to the at least one sensitive region of the one or more sensor elements.

Description

[0001] SUBSTANCE SAMPLING SETUPS AND METHODS

[0002] TECHNOLOGICAL FIELD

[0003] The invention is generally in the field of substance detection and identification, and particularly relates to sample acquisition arrangements.

[0004] BACKGROUND

[0005] Techniques for detection and identification of biological and / or chemical substances, such as particulate and condensed phase traces of materials, are exploited in various implementations e.g., for detection and identification of narcotics, explosives, toxic industrial chemicals and minerals, biological / chemical warfare agents etc. Trace detection involves the chemical detection and identification of substances / materials by collecting and analyzing tiny amounts of vapor or particles and looking for residue or contamination from handling or being in proximity to such materials. Microscopic particles of various materials can adhere to a wide variety of surfaces (Teflon, glass, metal, plastic, etc.), and they can be collected and detected by wiping the surface with an absorbent instrument configured for coupling to a substance detection and identification device for sample extraction, analysis and identification.

[0006] Substance detection and identification devices typically utilize an array of various sensor units, each adapted to selectively respond and detect a specific material present in a substance sample introduced into the device and its array of sensing units. A major drawback of such substance detection and identification devices is that presenting the substance sample thereinto for detection by the sensor units can be inefficient since it cannot guarantee attachment of the sampled substance onto the sensitive regions / surfaces of the sensor units. These substance sampling techniques can thus result in the acquisition of insufficient amounts of the sample material on the sensor units, thereby impairing proper detection and identification capabilities of these devices.

[0007] Some solutions known from the patent literature are briefly described hereinbelow.

[0008] US Patent Publication Nos. 2013 / 088221 and 2014 / 057366 disclose a sensor device and method for detection of magnetic particles in a sample chamber with a contact surface. The sensor device comprises a sensor unit for detecting magnetic particles in a Target Region (TR) and / or in at least one reference region on the contact surface. Moreover, it comprises a magnetic field generator for generating a magnetic field that shall guide magnetic particles to the contact surface. With the help of these components, an "auxiliary parameter" is determined that is related to the magnetic particles and / or their movement but that is independent of binding processes taking place in the target region between magnetic particles and the contact surface. The auxiliary parameter may for example be related to the degree of mismatch between the positions reached by the magnetic particles under the influence of a magnetic field and the Target Region (TR). The evaluation results can be used to validate and / or correct the measurements obtained in the Target Region (TR).

[0009] US Patent Publication No. 2017 / 108495 discloses a sample analyzer including a detector, a first generator and a second generator. The detector detects a target substance bonded to a magnetic particle collected to a sensing area in the cartridge. The first generator applies a magnetic field for releasing the magnetic particles from the sensing area. The second generator includes a permanent magnet configured to generate a magnetic field for attracting the magnetic particles to the sensing area, a first soft magnetic material, and a second magnetic material. The second generator switches application and shut-off of a magnetic field by moving the permanent magnet relative to the first soft magnetic material and the second soft magnetic material.

[0010] Othe possible techniques for detecting magnetic particles are disclosed in US Patent Publication Nos. 2010 / 060265, 2009 / 170212, 2021 / 033539, 2010 / 176807, 2010 / 060265, 2010 / 233822, 2017 / 030887, 2010 / 324828, 2013 / 170089, 2012 / 252111, 2010 / 277160.

[0011] GENERAL DESCRIPTION

[0012] There is a need in the art for substance / material detection and identification equipment enabling accurate and reliable analysis, detection and identification of presence (or absence) of specific substances in liquid substances, gaseous substances (e.g., ambient air, vapors), inspected items (e.g., clothing, luggage) and / or personnel, particularly in cases of extremely low levels of such substances. The term substance is used herein to generally refer to biological (e.g., micro-organism, biological agents, pathogens, toxins, disease markers) and non-biological (e.g., chemical compounds / molecules, such as explosives and drugs) substances. The present disclosure provides novel substance detection and identification configurations and techniques adapted to provide enhanced detection and identification capabilities, by application of magnetic field(s) for facilitating increased absorbance / attraction of sample material (e.g., being present either as traces within particles or as discrete particles or vapors or contained in a liquid) to one or more sensing elements of the substance detection and identification device. In embodiments hereof, increased amounts of sample material interact with sensing elements of the detection and identification device due to the applied magnetic field(s), thereby improving absorption of the sampled material / substance by the sensing elements of the substance detection device. Substance detection and identification devices of the present disclosure can thus utilize magnetic elements for efficiently directing particles of the sampled substance towards the sensing elements, so as to maximize the amount of detectable particles interacting therewith.

[0013] In some embodiments, a magnetic field is applied over the sensing elements by at least one magnetic element (e.g., a magnet or an electro-magnet) incorporated in, or external to, the substance detection and identification device in the vicinity of the sensing elements. The magnetic field can be applied to an area / volume accommodating the sensing elements to cause magnetization of component(s) of the sensing elements and / or particles of the sampled material, thereby forcing the sampled material to be drawn / attracted towards the sensing elements e.g., towards one or more sensitive components (e.g., membrane and / or electrodes, also referred to as sensitive surfaces or regions) thereof for increased absorbance of the sampled material thereonto.

[0014] The sensing elements are accommodated in some embodiments in a sensor chamber in fluid communication with at least one fluid port for communicating sample material from the fluid port thereinto. The sensing elements can be arranged in at least one column and / or in at least one row (cascade fashion) between respective inlet port and outlet port of the sensor chamber. The at least one magnetic element can be configured to apply a magnetic field at least partially aligned with a direction of a stream of the sample material, which may be streamed in a plane parallel or coinciding with a plane of the sensing elements e.g., along the sensing elements.

[0015] In other possible applications the magnetic field can be applied at least partially perpendicular to the direction of the stream of the sample material. Other angular orientation(s) of the applied magnetic field(s) can be used in accordance with sensor elements' specifications and configurations.

[0016] The components of the sample detection and identification device are made in possible embodiments from material(s) that exhibit low or negligible magnetic response (e.g., Teflon, aluminum, plastic), also referred to herein as non-magnetic materials pr components, to thereby substantially minimize or altogether preclude magnetization of these components by the applied magnetic field. Optionally, but in some embodiments preferably, the sensor elements include at least one part comprising a material that is easily magnetized (e.g., iron, nickel, cobalt, or alloys thereof), also referred to herein as magnetic or magnetizable material or part. This way, the application of the magnetic field over the sensor elements can substantially magnetize the at least one magnetizable part of the sensor elements and particles of the sample material streamed therealong.

[0017] The at least one magnetizable part of the sensor element can be located in the near vicinity of the sensitive surface / region(s) of the sensor element e.g., above, below, at a lateral side, anterior, and / or posterior, to the sensitive surface / region(s). In possible embodiments, the at least one magnetizable part of the sensor element is located outside of the path of the substance material streamed along the sensitive surface / region(s) of the sensor element e.g., above, below, and / or at a lateral side, of the sensitive surface / region(s) of the sensor element. Such configurations of the substance detection device can thus force at least some portion of the particles of the substance material streamed along the sensor elements to divert towards the at least one magnetizable part of the sensor element, as it becomes relatively strongly magnetized by the applied magnetic field. Diverting the magnetized particles of the sample material towards the at least one magnetizable part of the sensor element as they are streamed along its sensitive surface / region(s) causes increased absorption / attachment of the particles of the sample material onto the sensitive surface / region(s).

[0018] Substance detection and identification embodiments hereof can be accordingly designed such that the magnetic field applied over the sensing elements is stronger at the location of the at least one magnetizable part of the sensor elements located outside the path of the substance material streamed along the sensitive surface / region(s) of the sensor element e.g., by placing the source of the magnetic field closer to the at least one magnetizable part of the sensor element with respect to its sensitive surface / region(s). In these possible configurations of the substance detection and identification device, as particles of the sample material are streamed along the sensor elements (e.g., along their sensitive surface / region(s)) and become magnetized due to the applied magnetic field, they are diverted towards the at least one magnetizable part of the sensor element, which also become magnetized by the applied magnetic field, thereby increasing the absorption / attachment of particles of the sample material onto the sensitive surface / region(s) of the sensing element.

[0019] In some embodiments magnetic element(s) having between 1 to 15 kg magnetic pull forces is used to apply the magnetic field over the sensor elements. The magnetic pull force used in a specific embodiment can be determined based on the specific materials from which components of the substance detection and identification device and / or its sensing elements are made of.

[0020] The application of the magnetic field over the sensing elements can also cause dipole-dipole coupling between the magnetized particles of the sample material streamed along the sensing elements and the sensitive surface / region(s) of the sensing elements, thereby providing a powerful chemical bondage therebetween regardless of the direction of the magnetic field applied thereover. Accordingly, in possible embodiments the absorbance of the sample material in the sensing elements is increased by placing a magnet element in the vicinity of the sensing elements while the sample material is streamed therealong, thereby increasing the amount of sample material that is attached to the sensitive surface / region(s) of the sensor elements and / or the strength of the chemical bondage therebetween.

[0021] In some embodiments the sensor elements are circularly arranged inside the substance detection and identification device about a central sample inlet. A pressure chamber can be provided in fluid communication with the sensor chamber for communicating suction pressures thereinto for drawing of sample material into the sensor chamber. For example, an annular pressure chamber encircling the sensor chamber, and configured in fluid communication therewith, can be used to build-up suction pressure conditions thereinside for drawing the sample material via the central sample inlet into the sensor chamber.

[0022] The sensor chamber includes in some embodiments a circular sensor assembly formed by a circular arrangement / array of compartments each configured to accommodate at least one sensing element. In embodiments hereof, the compartment of each sensing element can be configured to provide fluid communication at one side thereof with the central sample inlet of the sensor assembly, and at another side thereof with the annular pressure chamber.

[0023] The circular sensor assembly can thus be provided with a plurality of inlet ports for establishing fluid communication between the compartments of the sensor elements and the central sample inlet of the circular sensor assembly, and a plurality of outlet ports for establishing fluid communication between the compartments of the sensor elements and the annular pressure chamber.

[0024] The sensor elements in embodiments hereof can be implemented by any type of substance detection sensors configured for identification of specific substances, for example, by interaction (chemical reaction) with a sensing material. For example, the sensor elements can be configured for attachment of specific substances thereto by chemical (e.g., covalent) bonding achieved using engineered surface coatings e.g., comprising reactive molecular groups, or by bioconjugation techniques.

[0025] In some embodiments, the sensor elements are implemented utilizing a type of piezoelectric crystal element, such as described in US Patent Nos. 6,526,828, 7,159,463 and 7,795,008, of the same applicant hereof, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0026] In one aspect there is provided a substance detection and identification device comprising one or more sensor elements, each having at least one sensitive region configured for attachment of at least one substance material thereto and generate measurement signals indicative thereof, a sensor chamber comprising at least one sample inlet configured to stream sample material onto the one or more sensor elements mounted inside the sensor chamber for substance detection, and at least one magnet field generator configured to apply a magnetic field over the one or more sensor elements and thereby increase an amount of the sample material attached to the at least one sensitive region of said one or more sensor elements.

[0027] One or more of the sensor elements can comprise at least one magnetizable part / portion. Optionally, but in some embodiments preferably, the at least one magnet field generator is configured to magnetize the at least one magnetizable part of the sensor elements and / or particles of the sample material, to thereby divert the magnetized particles towards the sensor elements and increase the amount of the sample material attached to the at least one sensitive region of the one or more sensor elements. The substance detection and identification device comprises in some embodiments at least one pump unit configured to apply suction pressure conditions to the sensor chamber for drawing the sample material thereinto from the sample inlet. The at least one magnet field generator can be configured to apply the magnetic field at least partially perpendicular to a length of the one or more sensor elements. Optionally, the at least one magnet field generator is configured to apply the magnetic field at least partially along a length of the sensor elements.

[0028] The sensor chamber comprises in some embodiments at least one outlet port configured for streaming the sample material from the sample inlet through the sensor chamber. The sensor chamber can have a single inlet port and a single output port, and a plurality of the sensor elements are arranged inside the sensor chamber in cascade between the single inlet and outlet ports. The at least one magnet field generator can be configured to use an elongated magnet element to apply a magnetic field over the plurality of sensor elements.

[0029] In possible embodiments the sensor elements are arranged inside the sensor chamber in one or more columns extending perpendicular to the stream of the sample material passed through the sensor chamber. The at least one magnet field generator can have a plurality of magnet elements each configured to apply a magnetic field over sensor elements of one of the columns of sensing elements. In a variant, the one or more columns of the sensor elements define a plurality of rows of the sensor elements, and the sensor chamber comprises a plurality of pairs of sample inlet and outlet ports arranged, and each one of the plurality of rows of sensor elements is located between a respective one pair of the plurality of pairs of inlet and outlet ports of the sensor chamber. In a possible application, the at least one magnet field generator comprises a plurality of magnet elements each configured to apply a magnetic field over sensor elements of one of the rows of sensing elements.

[0030] The sensor elements are arranged in some embodiments inside the sensor chamber to form a circular array. In such embodiments, the sensor chamber comprises a single inlet port at a center of the circular array. The sensor chamber can have a plurality of outlet ports, and each one of the sensor elements can be arranged between the central inlet port and a respective one of the plurality of outlet ports. In a variant, the magnet field generator comprises at least one ring-shaped magnet element arranged coaxially with the central inlet port and / or the circular array of sensor elements. Optionally, the magnet field generator comprises a respective magnet element for each pair of sensor elements oppositely arranged in the circular array. Alternatively, the magnet field generator comprises a respective magnet element for each one of the sensor elements mounted inside the sensor chamber. In an implementation, the magnet field generator comprises a magnet element located at a lateral side of at least one of the sensor elements.

[0031] The magnet field generator comprises in some embodiments at least one permanent magnet or core element. Optionally, one or more adjustable supports are used to set a distance between the magnetic field generator and the sensor elements. The substance detection and identification device can be configured to use at least one electromagnetic coil coupled to the at least one permanent magnet or core element and configured to apply the magnetic field in a defined strength and / or direction with respect to a length of the sensor elements and / or the stream of the sample material.

[0032] The substance detection and identification device can have at least one temperature sensor configured to measure a temperature of a surrounding of the sensor elements and generate measurement data / signals indicative thereof. A control unit can be used to activate at least one pump unit for streaming the sample material to the sensor elements and acquiring detection measurement data therefrom. In a possible application the control unit is configured to deactivate the at least one pump unit when it is thereby determined based on the measurement data / signals from the at least one temperature sensor that a predefined temperature is reached.

[0033] The control unit can be configured to activate the at least one magnetic field generator during the streaming of the sample material to the sensor elements, and / or activate the pump unit for streaming cooling media to the sensor elements until it is thereby determined based on the measurement data / signals from the at least one temperature sensor that a predetermined temperature is reached.

[0034] The substance detection comprises in some embodiments a heating element configured to heat the surrounding of the sensor elements to a desired temperature. The substance detection and identification device can have a control unit configured to activate the heating element until it is thereby determined based on the measurement data / signals from the at least one temperature sensor that a regeneration temperature is reached. The control unit can be further configured to thereafter, or concurrently, activate the at least one pump unit to expel sample residues from the device. The substance detection and identification device can comprise a pump unit for streaming the sample material onto / towards the sensor elements, and at least one additional pump unit for streaming cooling media to the sensor elements.

[0035] In another aspect there is provided a method of detecting and identifying one or more substance materials. The method comprises streaming sample material along one or more sensing elements, each having at least one sensitive region configured for attachment of at least one substance material thereto and generate measurement signals indicative thereof, applying a magnetic field over the one or more sensor elements thereby increasing an amount of the sample material attached to the at least one sensitive region of the one or more sensor elements, and acquiring measurement data from the one or more sensing elements and determining presence or absence of one or more substances in the sample material based thereon.

[0036] Optionally, but in some embodiments preferably, one or more of the sensor elements comprise at least one magnetizable part / portion. The method can comprise magnetizing the at least one magnetizable part of the sensor elements and / or particles of the sample material for diverting the magnetized particles towards the sensor elements and increasing the amount of the sample material attached to the at least one sensitive region of the one or more sensor elements.

[0037] The method can further comprise applying the magnetic field substantially perpendicular to a direction of the stream of sample material, or alternatively, applying the magnetic field substantially along a length of the sensor elements. In possible embodiments the one or more sensing elements are mounted inside a substance detection and identification device and the method comprises adjusting at least one of strength and direction of the magnetic field based on a material of at least one component of the substance detection and identification device.

[0038] The method comprises in some embodiments demagnetizing the sensor elements after acquisition of the measurement data from the sensing elements. The method can comprise measuring temperature in the vicinity of the sensor elements and carrying out one or more cooling cycles based thereon, if so needed. Optionally, the method comprising heating the vicinity of the sensor elements after acquiring the measurement data from the sensing elements and streaming regeneration media along the sensor elements for expelling the sample material. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] In order to better understand the subject matter that is disclosed herein and to exemplify how it may be carried out in practice, embodiments will now be described, by way of non-limiting example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings. Features shown in the drawings are meant to be illustrative of only some embodiments of the invention, unless otherwise implicitly indicated. In the drawings same reference signs are used to indicate members (configural elements) having identical or corresponding functions and / or structures, and in which:

[0040] Figs. 1A to IE schematically illustrate a substance detection and identification device according to some possible embodiments, wherein Fig. 1A shows the substance detection and identification device operated with a magnetic field that is at least partially parallel to the direction of sample material, Fig. IB shows the substance detection and identification device operated with a top magnetic element, Fig. 1C shows the substance detection and identification device operated with a bottom magnetic element, Fig. ID shows the substance detection and identification device operated with top and bottom magnetic elements, and Fig. IE shows the substance detection and identification device operated with at least one lateral magnetic element;

[0041] Figs. 2A to 2D schematically illustrate a substance detection and identification device according to some other possible embodiments, wherein Fig. 2A shows the substance detection and identification device operated with a magnetic field that is at least partially perpendicular to the direction of the sample material, Fig. 2B shows the substance detection and identification device operated with a top magnetic element, Fig. 2C shows the substance detection and identification device operated with a bottom magnetic element, and Fig. 2D shows the substance detection device and identification operated with top and bottom magnetic elements;

[0042] Figs. 3A and 3B schematically illustrate a substance detection and identification device according to other possible embodiments having an array of sensing elements, wherein Fig. 3A shows the substance detection and identification device operated with top and / or bottom elongated magnetic elements, and Fig. 3B shows the substance detection and identification device operated with lateral elongated magnetic elements;

[0043] Figs. 4A to 4C schematically illustrate a substance detection and identification device with a circular array of sensing elements according to some possible embodiments, wherein Fig. 4A shows possible configuration of the sensor chamber having a plurality of pressure ports, Fig. 4B shows possible configuration of the sensor chamber coupled to a circular pressure chamber, and Fig. 4C shows possible configuration of the sensor chamber comprising a circular array for compartments;

[0044] Figs. 5 A to 5D schematically illustrate possible configurations of the substance detection and identification device with the circular array of sensing elements according to some possible embodiments, wherein Fig. 5A and 5C shows the device with a magnetic element above and / or below each pair of oppositely positioned sensing elements, Fig. 5B shows the device with a magnetic element above and / or below each sensing element, Fig. 5D shows the device with a ring-shaped magnetic element;

[0045] Fig. 6 schematically illustrate a substance detection and identification device with a plurality of sensing elements arranged in a cascaded fashion according to some possible embodiments;

[0046] Figs. 7A and 7B schematically illustrate substance detection and identification techniques according to possible embodiments, wherein Fig. 7A is a functional block diagram of a substance detection and identification system and Fig. 7B is a flowchart of a substance detection and identification procedure performed by the substance detection and identification system;

[0047] Figs. 8A to 8H graphically illustrate experimental data of substance detection and identification system according to possible embodiments;

[0048] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0049] One or more specific and / or alternative embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below with reference to the drawings, which are to be considered in all aspects as illustrative only and not restrictive in any manner. It shall be apparent to one skilled in the art that these embodiments may be practiced without such specific details. In an effort to provide a concise description of these embodiments, not all features or details of an actual implementation are described at length in the specification. Elements illustrated in the drawings are not necessarily to scale, or in correct proportional relationships, which are not critical. Emphasis instead being placed upon clearly illustrating the principles of the invention such that persons skilled in the art will be able to make and use the substance detection and identification techniques hereof, once they understand the principles of the subject matter disclosed herein. This invention may be provided in other specific forms and embodiments without departing from the essential characteristics described herein.

[0050] The present application discloses configurations and techniques for maximizing the amount of sample material interacting with one or more sensor elements of a substance detection and identification apparatus. The substance detection and identification apparatus of embodiments hereof generally comprises one or more sensing elements accommodated in a sensor chamber and one or more magnetic elements configured to apply magnetic fields of desired orientation(s) with respect to the plurality of sensing elements, and / or to a stream of sample material streamed therealong, to thereby improve absorbance / attachment of particles of the sample material streamed into the sensor chamber to sensitive surface / region(s) of the plurality of sensing elements. Suction pressure conditions can be communicated to the sensor chamber comprising the one or more sensing elements via at least one fluid port for drawing the sample material into the sensor chamber and streaming the sample material along the sensing elements e.g., along their sensitive surface / region(s).

[0051] For an overview of several example features, process stages, and principles of this disclosure, the examples of sample detection and identification techniques and configurations illustrated schematically and diagrammatically in the figures are generally intended for gaseous samples. These substance detection and identification techniques and configurations are shown as one example implementation that demonstrates a number of features, processes, and principles used for a substance detection and identification device, but they are also useful for other applications (e.g., for inspection of liquid sample material) and can be made in different variations. Therefore, this description will proceed with reference to the shown examples, but with the understanding that the invention recited in the claims below can also be implemented in myriad other ways, once the principles are understood from the descriptions, explanations, and drawings herein. All such variations, as well as any other modifications apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art and useful in sample detection and identification applications may be suitably employed, and are intended to fall within the scope of this disclosure.

[0052] In the following embodiments magnetic fields are applied over sensor elements of substance detection and identification devices to magnetize at least some portion of a sample material streamed along the sensor elements, and / or magnetize one or more components of the sensor elements, to thereby cause magnetic attraction therebetween. This magnetic attraction facilitates in possible embodiments bondage of particles contained in the sample material (17) streamed along the sensor elements (13) to specially engineered surface coatings used in possible embodiments in one or more of the sensor elements 13 to facilitate absorption of the sample material therein.

[0053] Reference is made to Figs. 1A to IE schematically illustrating substance detection and identification configurations 10 according to some possible embodiments. The substance detection and identification device 10 shown in Fig. 1A generally includes a sensor arrangement 13a comprising one or more sensing elements 13 configured to detect one or more substances in a stream of sample material (e.g., liquid, vapors and / or ambient air) 17 streamed along the sensing elements 13. In this non-limiting example, the sensing elements 13 are arranged in parallel and in a spaced-apart relationship. Each sensing element 13 can be configured and operable for attachment of at least one specific substance material (e.g., by covalent bonding using surface coating molecules) thereto, and generate measurement data indicative thereof.

[0054] As shown in Fig. 1A, a magnetic field B (denoted by dashed arrowed lines 16) is applied over the sensing elements 13 to facilitate attachment of the sample material 17 thereto. In this specific example, the direction of the magnetic field 16 is substantially aligned with a direction in which the sample material 17 is streamed along a length of the one or more sensing elements 13. Consequently, at least a portion of sample material 17, and / or one or more components of the sensing elements 13, are magnetized due to the applied magnetic field 16, thereby causing attraction of the magnetized sample material 17 onto / towards the sensing elements 13.

[0055] In some embodiments, the substance detection and identification device 10 includes one or more magnet field generators (referred to herein as “magnet elements”) mounted at various selected locations in vicinity of the one or more sensing elements 13. As shown in Fig. IB, a magnet element 14 can be located above each of the sensing elements 13, such that magnetic axis M thereof is substantially parallel to a length of sensing element 13. In this non-limiting example magnetic (2V,S) poles are arranged such that the direction of the magnetic field 16 applied by the magnet element 14 over the sensing element 13 is substantially along a length of the sensor elements 13, and in substantially the direction of the sample material 17 streamed therealong. Optionally, the location of the north pole (TV) and of the south pole (S) is switched, such that the direction of the magnetic field 16 is in the opposite direction i.e., opposite to the direction of the stream of the sample material 17.

[0056] In embodiments hereof the magnet element 14 is a type of permanent magnet configured to generate a constant magnet field 16 substantially along the sensor elements 13. Alternatively, the magnet element 14 is a type of electromagnet having one or more coils 18 configured to controllably apply magnetic field of different strengths and / or directions along the sensor elements 13. Optionally, the magnet element 14 is a type of permanent magnet configured to generate a constant magnet field 16 along the sensor elements 13, including one or more coils 18 for controllably altering the strength of the magnet field 16 and / or its direction.

[0057] As shown in Fig. 1C, the magnetic element 14’ can be located beneath each of the sensing elements 13, such that its magnetic axis M is substantially perpendicular to a length of the sensor element 13. Similarly, the direction of the magnetic field 16 applied by the magnet element 14' over the sensor element 13 is substantially along a length of the sensor elements 13, and in substantially the direction (or in the opposite direction) of the sample material 17 steamed therealong.

[0058] In some embodiments, as shown in Fig. ID, the substance detection and identification device 10 can include both the top and bottom magnetic elements 14 and 14’, located at opposite sides of (above and beneath) the sensing elements 13, each generating magnetic field 16 over the sensor element 13 in a direction substantially along a length of the sensor elements 13, and in substantially the direction (or in the opposite direction) of the sample material 17 streamed therealong. Accordingly, the magnetic axes M of the magnet elements 14,14’ are substantially parallel to a length of the sensor element 13, and to the direction of the stream of the sample material 17.

[0059] Fig. IE shows an embodiment of the substance detection and identification device 10 having two magnetic elements 14 and 14’ located at opposite lateral sides of the sensing elements 13. As shown, the magnetic elements 14 are disposed proximally / up stream with respect to the stream of the sample material 17 while the other magnetic element 14’ is disposed distally / downstream with respect to the stream of the sample material 17. In this example, the magnetic elements 14 and 14’ are arranged such that the south pole (S) of magnet element 14 faces the north pole (2V) of the magnet element 14'. This way, at least a part of the magnetic field 16 obtained between the magnet elements 14,14' is in a direction emerging from the north pole (2V) of the magnetic element 14’ towards the south pole (S) of the magnetic element 14, along the sensor element 13 and substantially opposite to the direction of the stream of the sample material 17 therealong. Optionally, but in some embodiments preferably, the magnetic axes M of the magnet elements 14,14' are substantially parallel to, or coinciding with, an axis of the sensor elements 13.

[0060] Reference is made to Figs. 2A to 2D schematically illustrating a substance detection and identification device 10 according to some possible embodiments. In the non-limiting example of Fig. 2A, the sensing elements 13 are arranged in parallel with respect to the sample material 17 streamed therealong, and a magnetic field 16 is applied thereover in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction of the stream of the sample material 17.

[0061] Figs. 2B to 2D illustrate possible embodiments of the substance detection and identification device 10 having one or more magnetic elements 14 / 14’ in a vicinity of the sensing elements 13. In these non-limiting examples, the one or more magnetic elements 14 / 14’ are arranged such that their magnetic axes M’ are substantially perpendicular to the direction of the stream of the sample material 17, and to a length of the sensor element

[0062] 13. Thus, the one or more magnetic elements 14 / 14’ generate a magnetic field 16 over the sensor elements 13 at least partially perpendicular to the direction of the stream of the sample material 17. Fig. 2B shows a possible embodiment wherein the magnet element 14 is mounted above the sensing element 13, and 2C shows a possible embodiment wherein the magnetic element 14 is mounted beneath the sensing element 13.

[0063] Fig. 2D shows a possible embodiment wherein the detection and identification device 10 comprises two magnetic elements 14 disposed at opposite superior / inferior sides of the sensing elements 13. In this non-limiting example, the magnetic axes M’ of the two oppositely mounted magnet elements 14 are substantially perpendicular to the direction of the stream of the sample material 17. In this exemplary arrangement the south pole (S) of the bottom magnetic element 14 faces the north pole (A) of the bottom magnet element 14. In this arrangement, at least a part of the magnetic field 16 is generated in a direction emerging from the top magnetic element 14 towards the bottom magnet element

[0064] 14, substantially perpendicular to the direction of stream of the sample material 17. The poles of the magnet elements 14 can be reversely arranged such that the at least a part of the magnetic field 16 is generated in a direction emerging from the bottom magnetic element 14 towards the top magnet element 14. Reference is made to Figs. 3A and 3B schematically illustrating possible substance detection and identification device 10 embodiments utilizing one or more elongated magnetic elements 14 / 14'. As shown in Fig. 3A, in some embodiments, an elongated magnetic element 14 is mounted on top / above a plurality of sensing elements 13 arranged to form a column of sensing elements arranged in perpendicular to the stream of sample material 17, and such that a length of each of the sensing elements 13 is substantially parallel to the stream of sample material 17 elongated axis of the magnetic element 14 is parallel to the column of sensing elements 13. In this non-limiting example, the magnetic axis M of the elongated magnetic element 14 is substantially parallel to the direction of the stream of sample material 17 and perpendicular to the column of sensing elements 13, such that some portion of the magnetic field 16 thereby generated is directed along a length of the sensor elements 13.

[0065] Alternatively, or additionally, a similar elongated magnetic element 14’ can be mounted under / below the plurality of sensing elements 13, such that the plurality of sensing elements 13 are sandwiched between the two magnetic elements 14 and 14’.

[0066] Fig. 3B shows a possible embodiment of the substance detection and identification device 10 wherein the plurality of sensing elements 13 are sandwiched between two laterally mounted magnetic elements 14 which magnetic axes M are substantially parallel to the to the direction of the stream of sample material 17. As shown, a first magnetic element 14 is located upstream with respect to the stream of sample material 17 and the second magnetic element 14 is located downstream with respect to the stream of sample material 17. This way, at least a part of the magnetic field 16 is directed from the north pole (A) of the first magnetic element 14 towards the south pole (S) of the second magnetic element 14, substantially parallel to the steam of sample material 17 and to a length of the sensor elements 13. In possible embodiments this arrangement of the north (A) and south (S) poles is achieved utilizing a horseshoe- shaped magnet element (not shown).

[0067] Figs. 4A to 4C schematically illustrate possible embodiments of a substance detection and identification device 20 comprising an array of sensing elements 13 circularly arranged inside a circular sensor chamber 22 around a central sample inlet 15. Accordingly, in these embodiments the sample material 17 is streamed in a radial direction from the central sample inlet 15 along the sensor elements 13 towards the outer diameter of the circular sensor chamber 22. Optionally, but in some embodiments preferably, a magnetic field B is applied over sensor elements 13, which direction can be same as, opposite or perpendicular to, the direction of the streamed sample material 17, or in other suitable orientation if so required. A heating element 11 is provided in some embodiments inside (11') or outside the circular sensor chamber 22 for heating the sensor elements 13 and / or a stream of fluid media streamed therealong, for discharge and removal of sample material from the sensor elements 13 and / or the circular sensor chamber 22.

[0068] Fig. 4A exemplifies a possible embodiment of the substance detection and identification device 20 comprising a plurality of pressure ports 14p distributed about a periphery of the circular sensor chamber 22 and configured to communicate suction pressure conditions thereinto for drawing the sample material 17 from the central sample inlet 15 towards / along the sensor elements 13. Optionally, but in some embodiments preferably, each sensor element 13 is placed inside the circular sensor chamber 22 between the central sample inlet 15 and a respective one of the pressure ports 14p, to thereby cause substantial even distribution of the drawn sample material 17 among the circularly arranged sensor elements. In this non-limiting example the heating element 11 is mounted external to the circular sensor chamber 22, but it can be alternatively or additionally (11') installed thereinside.

[0069] Fig. 4B shows a possible configuration of the substance detection and identification device 20 comprising an annular pressure chamber 19 coupled to the circular sensor chamber 22 for communicating the suction pressure conditions thereinto and drawing the sample material 17 from the central sample inlet 15 towards / along the sensor elements 13. In this non-limiting example, a plurality of suction ports 12i distributed over the inner wall 14e of the annular pressure chamber 19 are used to communicate suction pressure conditions applied thereinside into the circular sensor chamber 22 and draw the sample material thereonto via the central sample inlet 15.

[0070] In some embodiments each sensor element 13 is mounted inside the circular sensor chamber 22 between the central sample inlet 15 and a respective one of the suction ports 12i, to thereby cause substantial even distribution of the drawn sample material 17 among the circularly arranged sensor elements. In this non-limiting example, the annular pressure chamber 19 comprises one or more pressure ports 14p for applying the suction pressure conditions thereinside. In possible embodiments a plurality of pressure ports 14p are annularly distributed inside the circular sensor chamber 22. In this specific example a respective pressure port 14p is provided inside the annular pressure chamber 19 in the vicinity of each one of the suction ports 12i. In addition, though the heating element 11 is installed in this example inside the annular pressure chamber 19, it can be alternatively or additionally (11') installed inside the circular sensor chamber 22.

[0071] Fig. 4C shows a top-sectional view of a possible substance detection and identification device 20 embodiment in which the sensor chamber 20 comprises a circular array of sensor compartments 12 that can be distributed (e.g., uniformly) around the central sample inlet 15. The central sample inlet 15 is in fluid communication with each of the sensor compartments 12 for drawing the sample material 17 into the compartments 12. Each sensor compartment 12 is configured to accommodate at least one sensing element 13 thereinside. The magnetic field 16 can be similarly applied in radial direction to pass through the sensor compartments 12 in the direction of the stream of sample material 17, or in an opposite or any other suitable direction.

[0072] Optionally, but in some embodiments preferably, each sensor compartment 12 has at least one inlet port 12u providing fluid communication between the compartment 12 and the sample inlet 15, and at least one outlet port 12i port for providing fluid communication between the sensor compartment 12 and the annular pressure chamber 19 surrounding the circular sensor chamber 22.

[0073] The annular pressure chamber 19 can be configured for enabling build-up of suction pressure conditions thereinside for facilitating drawing of the sample material 17 into the compartments 12 via their inlet ports 12u. In some embodiments, suction pressure conditions are applied inside the annular pressure chamber 19 via one or more pressure ports 14p, and delivered from the annular pressure chamber 19 via the outlet ports 12u into the sensor compartments 12. This way, suction pressure conditions evolving inside the annular pressure chamber 19 can uniformly propagate into each of the sensor compartments 12 through a respective one of the outlet ports 12i to thereby draw the sample material 17 into the compartments 12 through their respective inlet ports 12i.

[0074] The annular pressure chamber 19 can be adapted to fluidly communicate with at least one pressure source, e.g., suction pump (63 in Fig. 7A). In some embodiments, one or more pressure ports 14p are arranged along a circumference of the annular pressure chamber 19 and configured to provide fluid communication between the pressure source and the annular pressure chamber 19. The suction pump 63 can be configured for selectively applying suction pressure conditions for drawing the sample material 17 into the circular sensor chamber 22 during detection and identification cycles.

[0075] In some embodiments, the annular pressure chamber 19 can also be in fluid communication with an insufflation pump (64 in Fig. 7A) configured for applying insufflation pressure conditions for detaching the sample material 17 from the different passages and cavities, and from the sensing elements 13, during regeneration cycles utilized to remove and discharge the sample material and clean the substance detection and identification device 20.

[0076] A heating element 11 can be provided in some embodiments within the annular pressure chamber 19 e.g., extending along at least a part of a circumference thereof. The heating element 11 is configured to heat fluid media, the compartments 12, the sensor elements 13, and / or the passages inside the device 20, for detaching the sample material therefrom and discharging the same with the fluid media during the regeneration cycles. This way, during the regeneration cycles upon build-up of the insufflation pressure conditions inside the annular pressure chamber 19, the heated fluid media streamed from the annular pressure chamber 19 to the central sample inlet 15 through the compartments 12 detach the sample material 17 from the passages, the compartments 12 and the sensing elements 13, and discharge the same out from the substance detection and identification device 20. Alternatively, or additionally, the heating element 11 is placed inside the circular sensor chamber 22.

[0077] Figs. 5 A to 5D shows side-sectional views of possible embodiments of the substance detection and identification device 20 with different configurations of its magnetic elements 14.

[0078] In particular, Fig. 5A shows an embodiment of the substance detection and identification device 20 comprising a plurality of magnetic elements 14, each positioned above a pair of oppositely located sensor compartments 12 accommodating respective sensing elements 13. Alternatively, or additionally, magnetic elements can be similarly positioned below each pair of the sensor compartments 12. The magnetic axes M of the magnetic elements 14 are substantially parallel to the direction of the stream of sample material 17, and configured to apply the magnetic field 16 at least partially along the compartments 12.

[0079] In some embodiments, each sensing element 13 has a resonating membrane 13e configured to attach thereto (e.g., chemically) at least one specific substance, two electric terminals 13t, a base element 13b supporting components of the sensing element 13, and electrodes 13d connecting the resonating membrane 13e to the electric terminals 13t. in some embodiments at least the base element 13b is made from magnetizable (e.g., metallic) material, that becomes magnetized due to the applied magnetic field 16 for diverting the magnetized particles of the sample material 17 towards the oscillating membrane 13e. In the non-limiting examples of Figs. 5A to 5C the base element 13b is arranged above the resonating membranes 13e and electrodes 13d of the sensing elements 13, thereby diverting magnetized particles of the sample material 17 upwardly, and increasing absorption of the sample material on the sensitive surface / region(s) (e.g., the oscillating membranes 13e and / or electrodes 13d) of the sensing elements 13.

[0080] For example, the electrodes 13d and / or the membrane 13e can be coated with reactive molecules, thereby forming a sensing region / surface(s) of the sensor element 13 affecting the vibrations of the membrane 13e due to presence of molecules of specific substance(s) attachable to the reactive molecules. In possible embodiments a crystal element (not shown) is used for vibrating the resonating membrane 13e at predefined frequency, and as molecules of the specific substance are attached to the membrane 13e, the frequency of the vibrations is decreased due to the increase in weight caused by the molecules attached thereto, being indicative of the presence of the specific substance in the sample material 17 streamed along the sensing elements 13.

[0081] Fig. 5B shows a possible embodiment of the substance detection and identification device 20 having a plurality of magnetic elements 14, each positioned over a single respective sensor compartment 12. Alternatively, or additionally, similar magnetic elements are positioned below each of the sensor compartments 12. The magnetic elements 14 are configured for applying a magnetic field 16 passing at least partially along the sensor compartments 12 and substantially parallel to the direction of the stream of the sample material 17. The magnetic axes M of magnetic elements 14 are substantially parallel to the direction of the stream of sample material 17, and configured to apply the magnetic field 16 at least partially along the compartments 12.

[0082] Fig. 5C shows a possible embodiment of the substance detection and identification device 20 having a plurality of magnetic elements 14 located above respective pairs of oppositely located sensor compartments 12, each accommodating a respective sensing element 13. Alternatively, or additionally, similar magnetic elements are positioned below each pair of the sensor compartments 12. The magnetic axes M' of the magnetic element 14 are substantially perpendicular to the direction of the stream of sample material 17, and can be configured to apply the magnetic field 16 at least partially perpendicular to the the direction of the stream of the sample material 17.

[0083] Fig. 5D shows another possible embodiment of the substance detection and identification device 20 comprising a ring-shaped magnetic element 14q e.g., arranged coaxially with the sample inlet 15. The magnetic element 14q is configured to apply a magnetic field 16 over all of the sensing elements 13 in radial directions and at least partially in the direction, or counter-direction, of the stream of the sample material 17. In this specific example the ring-shaped magnetic element 14q is mounted above the circular sensor chamber 22. Additionally, or alternatively, a ring-shaped magnetic element can be similarly placed below the circular sensor chamber 22.

[0084] In embodiments of Figs. 5A to 5D magnetized particles of the sample material 17 streamed along the sensor elements 13 are diverted towards the base element 13b of the sensing elements 13, thereby increasing attachment / ab sorption of the sample material to the sensitive region / surface(s) of the sensor elements. It is however noted that the applied magnetic field (16) can be used to facilitate dipole-dipole coupling between the magnetized particles of the sample material 17 and the sensitive surface / region(s) (e.g., to chemical bondage coatings) of the sensing element (13), resulting in a more powerful chemical bond therebetween regardless of the direction of the applied magnetic field.

[0085] Reference is made to Fig. 6 schematically illustrating a substance detection and identification device 50 according to some possible embodiments, comprising a plurality of sensing elements 13 serially arranged inside an elongated sensor chamber 51 in a row, in direction of the stream of sample material 17 stream through the elongated sensor chamber 51. In this specific example a plurality of magnetic elements 14 are arranged in a row along the sensor chamber 51, such that each sensing element 13 is associated with a respective magnetic element 14. Though the magnetic axes M of the magnetic elements 14 are parallel to the row of sensing elements and / or to the sensing elements 13 themself, they can be alternatively arranged perpendicular thereto, as exemplified hereinabove.

[0086] In some embodiments, a plurality of such rows of sensing elements 13 are arranged to define a matrix / two-dimensional array of sensing elements 13 each having a respective magnetic element 14 positioned above and / or below it.

[0087] Reference is made to Fig. 7A schematically illustrating a substance detection and identification system 60 comprising a substance detection and identification device 10 or 20 according to any of the embodiments disclosed herein, comprising one or more sensing elements 13 accommodated in respective sensor compartments / chamber 12 / 22. The substance detection and identification device 10 / 20 may have at least one heating element 65 and at least one temperature sensor 66 for acquiring temperature measurements from the vicinity of the sensor element(s) 13. In some embodiments, one or more controllable actuators 67 (e.g.. pneumatic / mechanic linear actuator) is provided in the substance detection and identification system 60 for enabling reciprocal movement (z.e., towards and away) of a magnetic element 14 for adjusting strength of the magnetic field 16 thereby applied.

[0088] The substance detection and identification system 60 further comprises a control unit 62 electrically coupled to the substance detection and identification device 10 / 20 for acquiring substance detection measurement data / signals 13s generated by the sensing element(s) 13, and / or temperature data / signals 66s generated by the temperature sensor 66. The substance detection and identification system 60 comprises a suction (e.g.. plunger) pump 63 controllably actuated by control data / signals 63c generated by the control unit 66, an insufflation (e.g., peristaltic) pump 64 controllably actuated by control data / signals 64c generated by the control unit 62, and an electrical power source (not shown) for powering the different components of the system 60.

[0089] The suction pump 63 is configured to apply the suction pressure conditions to the substance detection and identification device 10 / 20 for drawing the sample material 17 into the sensor chambers 12 of the substance detection and identification device 10 / 20. The insufflation pump 64 is configured to apply the insufflation pressure conditions for discharging the sample material 17 out from chamber / compartments 12 / 22 during the regeneration cycles.

[0090] The control unit 62 includes in some embodiments, one or more processors 62p and memories 62m configured for storing and executing program code configured to orchestrate the operation of the system 50, a communication interface 62i (I / F e.g.. utilizing a serial / parallel wire bus, such as USB, UART, SCSI, IDE, and / or wireless communication, such as Bluetooth, Zigbee, etc.) configured to communicate control / measurement data / signals between the control unit 22 and the substance detection and identification device 10 / 20 and other components of the system e.g. , the suction pump 63, the insufflation pump 64, the temperature sensor 66, and sensor elements 13. The control unit 62 can be configured with a temperature module 62t configured and operable to process temperature data / signals 66s generated by the temperature sensor 66 to determine the temperature in the vicinity of the sensor elements 13 and generate temperature data indicative thereof. In some embodiments, the control unit 62 is configured and operable to activate the suction pump 63 when a detection and identification cycle is carried out and the temperature measurement data / signals 66s (e.g., the temperature data from the temperature module 62t) indicate that the temperature in the vicinity of the sensor elements 13 is suitable for carrying out the substance detection and identification cycle. The temperature module 62t can be configured to process the temperature measurement data / signals 66s to guarantee that the temperature in the vicinity of the sensor elements 13 is within an optimal / acceptable substance detection temperature range before carrying out the substance detection and identification cycle.

[0091] The control unit can be further configured to determine based on the temperature data from the temperature module 62t whether to activate one or more cooling cycles for cooling the temperature inside the sensor compartment / chamber 12 / 22, if so needed. For example, the control unit 62 can be configured and operable to continuously or periodically activate the insufflation pump 64 for streaming cooling media (e.g., ambient air) for reducing the temperature inside the sensor compartment / chamber 12 / 22. The temperature module 62t can be configured to process the temperature measurement data / signals 66s to determine if further cooling cycles are required before carrying out any detection and identification cycles by the substance detection and identification device 10.

[0092] The control unit 62 also includes a regeneration module 62r configured and operable to generate control signals for activating the heating element 65 and the insufflation pump 64 for blowing heated fluid / gaseous media into of the sensor chamber 22 for detaching sample material from the passages, the sensor chambers 12 and the sensing elements 13, and discharging it out from the substance detection device 10 / 20. The regeneration module 62r can be configured to process the temperature measurement data / signals 66s from the temperature module 62t to determine if the temperature of the heated fluid / gaseous media blown into the sensor chamber 12 reached a desired regeneration temperature (e.g., about 80 to 120 °C, optionally about 100 °C).

[0093] The control unit 62 can be also configured with a magnetic module 62g configured and operable to control (e.g. , direction and / or strength of) the magnetic field being applied over the sensing elements 13. The magnetic module 62g can be configured and operable to generate control signals 67c for activating the one or more actuators 67 for moving the magnetic element 14 towards and away from the sensing element(s) 13. Alternatively, or additionally, the magnetic module 62g can be configured for generating control signals 18c to operate the one or more electromagnetic coils 18 of the magnetic element 14 for controlling the magnetic field thereby applied.

[0094] The control unit 62 can be configured with a sampling module 62s configured and operable to receive and process the measurement data / signals 13s generated by the sensing elements 13 and generate detection measurement data indicative thereof. The control unit 62 can also be configured with an analysis module 62a configured and operable to process the detection measurement data from the sampling module 62s and determine based thereon presence or absence of one or more substances in the sample material 17. The analysis module 62a can be configured to process the temperature measurement data from the temperature module 62t and combine the same in the determination of the presence or absence of the one or more substances in the sample material 17.

[0095] Fig. 7B schematically illustrates a substance detection and identification procedure 70 utilizing a substance detection and identification device (10 / 20) according to possible embodiments. The substance detection and identification procedure 70 can be initiated by suction (si) of sample material into the substance detection and identification device (10 / 20) and applying (s2) a magnetic field (16) thereto. One or more cooling cycles can be then performed, in which cooling media (e.g., ambient / filtered air) is streamed into the sensor chambers (12) for reaching a defined optimal or acceptable substance detection and identification temperature range for substance detection and identification.

[0096] Each cooling cycle can include acquiring by the temperature module (62t) temperature measurements (66s) from the temperature sensor (66) for determining the temperature inside the sensor chamber / compartments (22 / 12), to determine based thereon (s3) if further cooling cycles are required to reach the defined optimal or acceptable substance detection temperature range for substance detection and identification (by returning the control to step si).

[0097] If it is determined based on the temperature measurement data / signals from the temperature sensor (66) that temperature in the sensor chamber / compartments is within an acceptable range for carrying out a detection cycle (s3), detection the suction pump is activated for drawing sample material into the sensor chamber / compartments and measurement data / signals (13s) can be acquired (s4) form the sensing elements (13). After the measurement data / signals are acquired (s4), the sensor chamber is optionally demagnetized (s5), e.g., by distancing of the magnetic element (14) or by deactivating the electromagnetic coils 18. The acquired detection (13s) and / or temperature (66s) measurement data / signals are then processed and analyzed (s6) to determine presence of one or more specific substances therein.

[0098] One or more regeneration cycles (s7-s9) can be then carried out, in which the heating element (65) is activated (s7) and the temperature is measured for determining the temperature in the vicinity of the sensor elements (13), and based thereon determine (s8) if further heating is required to reach a defined optimal or acceptable regeneration temperature range for applying hot insufflation (s9) into the sensor chamber (22) for expelling sample residues therefrom.

[0099] Figs. 8A to 8H show results obtained by the inventors in several experiments, showing plots of measures vibration frequencies (Hz) of the oscillating membrane (13e) as function of time (sec). The curves in each graph are associated with different coatings of the oscillating membranes, each adapted to react to specific one or more materials. Figs. 8A, 8C, 8E and 8G, show detection results measured for various explosive materials without applying magnetic field (16), and Figs. 8B, 8D, 8F and 8H, show detection results measured for these explosive materials with application of the magnetic field (16) in the substance detection and identification device.

[0100] Particularly, Figs. 8A and 8B show Ammonium Nitrate detection without and with an applied magnetic field (16), respectively, Figs. 8C and 8D show RDX detection without and with an applied magnetic field, respectively, Figs. 8E and 8F show TETRYL detection without and with an applied magnetic field, respectively, and Figs. 8G and 8H show TNT detection without and with an applied magnetic field, respectively. As seen, under the application of the magnetic field (16) the measured frequency changes can be two to three times greater compared to the frequency changes measured without the magnetic field.

[0101] Relative terms such as "lower," "upper," "horizontal," "vertical," "above," "below," "up," "down," "top" and "bottom", as well as derivatives thereof (e.g., "horizontally," "downwardly," "upwardly," etc.), and similar adjectives in relation to orientation of the described elements / components refer to the manner in which the illustrations are positioned on the paper, not as any limitation to the orientations in which these elements / components can be used in actual applications.

[0102] It should also be understood that throughout this disclosure, where a process or method is shown or described, the steps / acts of the method may be performed in any order and / or simultaneously, and / or with other steps / acts not-illustrated / described herein, unless it is clear from the context that one step depends on another being performed first. In possible embodiments not all of the illustrated / described steps / acts are required to carry out the method.

[0103] As described hereinabove and shown in the associated figures, the present invention provides substance sampling techniques for related substance detection and identification setups and related methods. While particular embodiments of the invention have been described, it will be understood, however, that the invention is not limited thereto, since modifications may be made by those skilled in the art, particularly in light of the foregoing teachings. As will be appreciated by the skilled person, the invention can be carried out in a great variety of ways, employing more than one technique from those described above, all without exceeding the scope of the claims.

Claims

CLAIMS:

1. A substance detection and identification device comprising: one or more sensor elements, each having at least one sensitive region configured for attachment of at least one substance material thereto and generate measurement signals indicative thereof; a sensor chamber comprising at least one sample inlet configured to stream sample material onto said one or more sensor elements mounted inside said sensor chamber for substance detection; and at least one magnet field generator configured to apply a magnetic field over said one or more sensor elements and thereby increase an amount of the sample material attached to the at least one sensitive region of said one or more sensor elements.

2. The substance detection and identification device of claim 1 comprising at least one pump unit configured to apply suction pressure conditions to the sensor chamber for drawing the sample material thereinto from the sample inlet.

3. The substance detection and identification device of claim 1 or 2 wherein the at least one magnet field generator is configured to apply the magnetic field at least partially perpendicular to a length of the one or more sensor elements.

4. The substance detection and identification device of claim 1 or 2 wherein the at least one magnet field generator is configured to apply the magnetic field at least partially along a length of the sensor elements.

5. The substance detection and identification device of any one of the preceding claims wherein the sensor chamber comprises at least one outlet port configured for streaming the sample material from the sample inlet through said sensor chamber.

6. The substance detection and identification device of claim 5 wherein the sensor chamber comprises a single inlet port and a single output port and a plurality of the sensor elements are arranged inside said sensor chamber in cascade between said single inlet and outlet ports.

7. The substance detection and identification device of claim 6 wherein the at least one magnet field generator comprises an elongated magnet element configured to apply a magnetic field over the plurality of sensor elements.

8. The substance detection and identification device of any one or claims 1 to 5 wherein the sensor elements are arranged inside the sensor chamber in one or morecolumns extending in perpendicular to the stream of the sample material passed through said sensor chamber.

9. The substance detection and identification device of claim 8 wherein the at least one magnet field generator comprises a plurality of magnet elements each configured to apply a magnetic field over sensor elements of one of the columns of sensing elements.

10. The substance detection and identification device of claim 8 wherein the one or more columns of the sensor elements define a plurality of rows of the sensor elements and the sensor chamber comprises a plurality of pairs of sample inlet and outlet ports, and wherein each one of said plurality of rows is located between a respective one of said plurality of pairs of inlet and outlet ports of the sensor chamber.

11. The substance detection and identification device of claim 10 wherein the at least one magnet field generator comprises a plurality of magnet elements each configured to apply a magnetic field over sensor elements of one of the rows of sensing elements.

12. The substance detection and identification device of any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein the sensor elements are arranged inside the sensor chamber to form a circular array, and wherein said sensor chamber comprises a single inlet port at a center of said circular array.

13. The substance detection and identification device of claim 12 wherein the sensor chamber comprises a plurality of outlet ports, and wherein each one of the sensor elements is arranged between the central inlet port and a respective one of said plurality of outlet ports.

14. The substance detection and identification device of claim 12 or 13 wherein the magnet field generator comprises at least one ring-shaped magnet element arranged coaxially with the central inlet port.

15. The substance detection and identification device of any one of claims 12 to 14 wherein the magnet field generator comprises a respective magnet element for each pair of sensor elements oppositely arranged in the circular array.

16. The substance detection and identification device of any one of the preceding claims wherein the magnet field generator comprises a respective magnet element for each one of the sensor elements mounted inside the sensor chamber.

17. The substance detection and identification device of any one of claims 1 to 16 wherein the magnet field generator comprises a magnet element located at a lateral side of at least one of the sensor elements.

18. The substance detection and identification device of any one of the preceding claims wherein the magnet field generator comprising at least one permanent magnet or core element.

19. The substance detection and identification device of any one of the preceding claims comprising one or more adjustable supports configured to set a distance between the magnetic field generator and the sensors.

20. The substance detection and identification device of claim 18 or 19 comprising at least one electromagnetic coil coupled to the at least one permanent magnet or core element and configured to apply the magnetic field in a defined strength and / or direction with respect to a length of the sensor elements and / or the stream of the sample material.

21. The substance detection and identification device of any one of the preceding claims comprising at least one temperature sensor configured to measure a temperature of a surrounding of the sensor elements and generate measurement data / signals indicative thereof.

22. The substance detection and identification device of claim 21 comprising a control unit configured to activate at least one pump unit for streaming the sample material to the sensor elements and acquiring detection measurement data therefrom.

23. The substance detection and identification device of claim 22 wherein the control unit is configured to deactivate the at least one pump unit when it is thereby determined based on the measurement data / signals from the at least one temperature sensor that a predefined temperature is reached.

24. The substance detection and identification device of claim 22 or 23 wherein the control unit is configured to activate the at least one magnetic field generator during the streaming of the sample material to the sensor elements.

25. The substance detection and identification device of any one of claims 22 to 24 wherein the control unit is configured to activate the pump unit for streaming cooling media to the sensor elements until it is thereby determined based on the measurement data / signals from the at least one temperature sensor that a predetermined temperature is reached.

26. The substance detection and identification device of any one of the preceding claims comprising a heating element configured to heat the surrounding of the sensor elements to a desired temperature.

27. The substance detection and identification device of claim 26 comprising a control unit configured to activate the heating element until it is thereby determined based on the measurement data / signals from the at least one temperature sensor that a regeneration temperature is reached, and thereafter or concurrently activate the at least one pump unit to expel sample residues from the device.

28. The substance detection and identification device of any one of the preceding claims comprising a pump unit for streaming the sample material towards the sensor elements, and another pump unit for streaming cooling media to the sensor elements.

29. A method of detecting and identifying one or more substance materials, the method comprising:(i) streaming sample material along one or more sensing elements each having at least one sensitive region configured for attachment of at least one substance material thereto and generate measurement signals indicative thereof;(ii) applying a magnetic field over said one or more sensor elements thereby increasing an amount of the sample material attached to the at least one sensitive region of said one or more sensor elements; and(iii) acquiring measurement data from the one or more sensing elements and determining presence or absence of one or more substances in said sample material based thereon.

30. The method of claim 29, comprising applying the magnetic field substantially perpendicular to a direction of the stream of sample material.

31. The method of claim 29, comprising applying the magnetic field substantially along a length of the sensor elements.

32. The method of claim 31 wherein the one or more sensing elements are mounted inside a substance detection and identification device, the method comprising adjusting at least one of strength and direction of the magnetic field based on a material of at least one component of said substance detection and identification device.

33. The method of any one of claims 29 to 32, comprising demagnetizing the sensor elements after acquisition of the measurement data from the sensing elements.

34. The method of any one of claims 29 to 33, comprising measuring temperature in the vicinity of the sensor elements and carrying out one or more cooling cycles based thereon if so needed.

35. The method of any one of claims 29 to 34, comprising heating the vicinity of the sensor elements after acquiring the measurement data from the sensing elements and streaming regeneration media along the sensor elements for expelling the sample material.

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