Acoustic fluid-mediated deposition-type bioprinting apparatus for ultrahigh cell density functional organs, and printing method therefor

Abstract

Disclosed are an acoustic fluid-mediated, deposition-type bioprinting apparatus for ultrahigh cell density functional organs, and a printing method therefor, belonging to the technical field of medical engineering manufacturing. The apparatus comprises an array surface acoustic wave chip, a printing container, a printing platform and a curing light source; the printing container is used to hold a printing ink; the printing platform is horizontally placed inside the printing container, and can move up and down in the printing ink; the array surface acoustic wave chip and the curing light source are both located above the printing container; the array surface acoustic wave chip comprises multiple interdigitated electrodes arranged in a ring shape in the same horizontal plane; the central axis of each interdigitated electrode deviates from a direction facing the center of the ring; the array surface acoustic wave chip contacts the printing ink, and can form a focused acoustic flow in the printing ink between it and the printing platform, aggregating cells in the printing ink; the curing light source can project into the printing ink above the printing platform, and cure the printing ink. The present invention has advantages such as rapid printing and adjustable cell concentration.

Description

Acoustofluidic-mediated sedimentation bioprinting device for ultra-high cell density functional organs and printing method thereof Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of medical manufacturing technology and relates to a bioprinting device, in particular to an acoustic fluid-mediated sedimentation bioprinting device for ultra-high cell density functional organs and a printing method thereof. Background Art

[0002] 3D bioprinting technology uses computer-generated three-dimensional models as "blueprints" and assembles them with specialized "bio-inks" to create artificial organs and biomedical products. With the rapid development of related technologies, 3D bioprinting has broad application prospects in economic life, defense, and military fields.

[0003] A 3D bioprinter is a device that, driven by a digital three-dimensional model, positions and assembles biomaterials or cell units according to additive manufacturing principles to produce products such as medical devices, tissue engineering scaffolds, and tissue organs. The principle of 3D bioprinting technology is to precisely position and print cells and biomaterials, ultimately creating human organs that meet anatomical and functional requirements. The basic workflow involves the application of medical imaging technology, computer-aided design software, printing of biomaterials and cells, cell culture, and organ maturation. This process can enable the regeneration and transplantation of human organs.

[0004] Although some bioprinting methods or devices have emerged, they are unable to achieve ultra-high cell density printing compared to natural tissues, where the cell density is generally greater than 40 million cells per milliliter. This is because in jet-based bioprinting, mechanical squeezing or pulling of high-cell-density bio-inks often leads to cell damage, while photolithography-based bioprinting lacks effective and controllable cell assembly strategies. These bottlenecks limit the application of traditional 3D bioprinting. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention provides an acoustic fluid-mediated sedimentation-type bioprinting device for ultra-high cell density functional organs and a printing method thereof, so as to overcome the defects of the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides an acoustic-fluidic-mediated sedimentation-type bioprinting device for ultra-high cell density functional organs, comprising: an arrayed surface acoustic wave chip, a printing container, a printing platform, and a curing light source; the printing container is used to hold printing ink, which is a mixture of cells and photocurable bio-ink; the printing platform is horizontally disposed within the printing container and is capable of moving up and down within the printing ink; the arrayed surface acoustic wave chip and the curing light source are both located above the printing container; the arrayed surface acoustic wave chip includes a plurality of interdigital electrodes arranged in a circular pattern within the same horizontal plane; the interdigital electrodes are focusing surface acoustic wave interdigital electrodes; the central axis of each interdigital electrode deviates from its direction toward the center of the circle (i.e., deviates counterclockwise from a line connecting the interdigital electrodes with the center of the circle), and the deflection directions of the plurality of interdigital electrodes are the same, either clockwise or counterclockwise; the arrayed surface acoustic wave chip contacts the printing ink (either with the liquid surface of the printing ink or by extending into the printing ink to achieve contact) and is capable of forming a focused acoustic flow in the printing ink between the arrayed surface acoustic wave chip and the printing platform, thereby focusing cells in the printing ink; and the curing light source is capable of projecting into the printing ink above the printing platform and curing the ink.

[0007] Furthermore, the present invention provides an acoustic fluid-mediated sedimentation bioprinting device for ultra-high cell density functional organs, which may also have the following characteristics: wherein, in the arrayed surface acoustic wave chip, the deflection angles of multiple interdigitated electrodes are the same.

[0008] Furthermore, the present invention provides an acoustic fluid-mediated sedimentation bioprinting device for ultra-high cell density functional organs, which may also have the following characteristics: wherein the deviation angle of the interdigital electrodes is: 0°<deviation angle<90°.

[0009] Furthermore, the present invention provides an acoustofluidic-mediated sedimentation-type bioprinting apparatus for ultra-high cell density functional organs, which may also have the following features: In the arrayed surface acoustic wave chip, multiple interdigitated electrodes are evenly distributed on a circular ring. The multiple interdigitated electrodes share a common piezoelectric substrate, i.e., multiple electrode patterns are fabricated on a single piezoelectric substrate.

[0010] The fabrication of array surface acoustic wave chips is based on semiconductor fabrication technology. Computer-aided software is first used to design the electrode arrangement, followed by standard soft lithography and electron beam metal deposition technology to fabricate metal motors on a piezoelectric substrate. The specific method is as follows: a pattern of multiple interdigitated electrodes is obtained through thermoplastic molding; chromium and gold films are then deposited on the piezoelectric substrate using electron evaporation; and finally, the array surface acoustic wave chip is eluted in formaldehyde at 60°C.

[0011] Furthermore, the present invention provides an acoustofluidic-mediated sedimentation-type bioprinting device for ultra-high cell density functional organs, which may also have the following features: the number of electrode pairs within the interdigitated electrodes is 3-10, the wavelength is 200-350 μm, and the drive signal for the array surface acoustic wave chip is a sinusoidal AC input with a voltage of 250 mVpp.

[0012] Furthermore, the present invention provides an acoustic fluid-mediated sedimentation-type bioprinting device for ultra-high cell density functional organs, which may also have the following characteristics: wherein the printing container can move up and down.

[0013] Furthermore, the present invention provides an acoustic fluid-mediated sedimentation-type bioprinting device for ultra-high cell density functional organs, which may also have the following characteristics: wherein, the device also includes a print head; the array surface acoustic wave chip is fixed to the bottom of the print head, specifically, the piezoelectric substrate is fixed to the print head, and the electrode pattern (gold electrode) faces the printing ink.

[0014] The present invention also provides a printing method of a sedimentation-type bioprinting device for ultra-high cell density functional organs mediated by acoustic fluid, which has the following characteristics: the printing method of a single-layer tissue organ includes the following steps: S1.1, exposing a circular projection through the curing light source, so that the printing ink is cured to form a circular sound field boundary; S1.2, turning on the array surface acoustic wave chip to form a focused surface acoustic wave sound field, inducing a fluid vortex within the sound field boundary, thereby focusing the cells in the printing ink; S1.3, exposing a projection of the shape to be printed through the curing light source, so that the printing ink is cured to form a tissue organ of the shape to be printed containing aggregated cells; S1.4, exposing a projection containing the shape of the printed tissue organ through the curing light source, so that the printing ink is cured to form a single-layer printed structure containing the tissue organ in step three.

[0015] Furthermore, the present invention provides a printing method of a sedimentation-type bioprinting device for ultra-high cell density functional organs mediated by acoustic fluid, which may also have the following characteristics: the printing method of multi-layer tissue organs includes the following steps: S1, first printing a single-layer printing structure according to the printing method of the single-layer tissue organ; S2, moving the printing platform downward, repeating S1.1-S1.4, and printing a second-layer printing structure above the single-layer printing structure; S3, repeating S2 n times to obtain an n+2-layer printing structure, n≥0.

[0016] Furthermore, the present invention provides a printing method for a sedimentation-type bioprinting device mediated by acoustic fluid for ultra-high cell density functional organs, which may also have the following characteristics: wherein, the distance between the lower surface of the array surface acoustic wave chip / previous layer printing structure and the printing platform is the thickness of the layer printing structure.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention provides a printing method of a sedimentation-type bioprinting device for ultra-high cell density functional organs mediated by acoustic fluid, which is used for three-dimensional printing of bionic organs with ultra-high cell density and complex geometric structures and functions. The method is based on the vortex caused by focused surface acoustic waves to gather cells on a pre-assembled solid-liquid interface, thereby obtaining a cell hydrogel carrier with a cell density equivalent to that of natural tissue. Then, by integrating a sedimentation-type stereolithography process, a bionic cell structure with a three-dimensional complex hierarchy can be generated. In addition, the high cell density makes the cell tissue model present more mature functions. The cell aggregation induced by acoustic waves can greatly increase the cell concentration in the printing ink, thereby realizing the rapid construction of highly bionic organs. This three-dimensional bioprinting technology based on acoustic fluid mediation has the characteristics of rapidity and reusability, as well as the advantages of adjustable cell concentration and no need for any modification of the cells.

[0018] Specifically, the present invention generates vortices through array-focused surface acoustic waves and annular sound field boundaries. First, each focusing-type interdigitated electrode generates a focused pulsed surface acoustic wave on the surface of the piezoelectric lithium niobate substrate. Then, the propagation is coupled into the flat cylindrical liquid layer. Due to the attenuation effect of the sound wave during the propagation process, the liquid will cause a directional flow in the propagation direction of the surface acoustic wave, which is manifested as a liquid pulse. Then, since the liquid pulse does not point to the center of the circular sound field boundary, it forms a vortex-shaped liquid flow under the constraint of the circular sound field boundary. This liquid vortex flow effect is simultaneously enhanced by multiple focusing-type interdigitated electrodes. Finally, driven by this vortex, the cells in the liquid will be enriched in the central area within the circular sound field boundary, thereby achieving precise and controllable enhancement of cell density.

[0019] This invention utilizes acoustofluidics as the primary method for cell manipulation, enabling remote, contactless manipulation of cells, rapidly increasing cell density. Printing accuracy can reach 10μm, and centimeter-scale tissue structures can be rapidly printed in half an hour, enabling the engineering of tissue structures with densities of billions of cells per milliliter. This invention enables the construction of highly biomimetic tissue structures, resulting in significant functional improvements. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a sedimentation-type bioprinting device for ultra-high cell density functional organs mediated by acoustic fluid; wherein A is a schematic diagram of the structure of an array surface acoustic wave chip; and B is a schematic diagram of the structure of the bioprinting device;

[0021] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of focusing a surface acoustic wave field to aggregate cells;

[0022] Figure 3 is a diagram showing the fabrication of an ultra-high-density three-dimensional humanoid cell structure; a and b correspond to the cell structures of the foot, knee, waist, and human body, respectively;

[0023] Figure 4 is a picture of the preparation of ultra-high-density liver and alveolar tissue and its functional characterization results; A is the bioprinted vascularized liver tissue, and II in the figure is the blood flow; B is the molecular level verification of the enhanced function of bionic liver tissue, ALB and TAT in the left figure are the albumin gene and tyrosine transaminase of liver parenchymal cells, and ALB in the right figure is albumin; C is the reproduction of alveolar respiratory function. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0025] As shown in FIG1 , the present invention provides an acoustic fluid-mediated sedimentation-type bioprinting device for ultra-high cell density functional organs, comprising an array surface acoustic wave chip 1 , a printing container 2 , a printing platform 3 , a curing light source 4 and a print head 5 .

[0026] The printing container 2 is used to contain printing ink, which is a mixture of cells and photocurable biological ink.

[0027] The printing platform 3 is horizontally arranged in the printing container 2 and can move up and down in the printing ink.

[0028] The print head 5 is fixed above the printing container 2 , and the array surface acoustic wave chip 1 is fixed at the lower end of the print head 5 .

[0029] The array surface acoustic wave chip 1 includes a plurality of interdigital electrodes 11 arranged in a circular shape in the same horizontal plane; the interdigital electrodes 11 are focusing surface acoustic wave interdigital electrodes; the central axis of each interdigital electrode 11 deviates from its direction toward the center of the circle (that is, deviates from the line connecting it and the center of the circle), and the deviation direction of the plurality of interdigital electrodes 11 is the same; all deviate clockwise or counterclockwise.

[0030] The array surface acoustic wave chip 1 is in contact with the printing ink (it can be in contact with the liquid surface of the printing ink or can be extended into the printing ink to achieve contact), and can form a focused acoustic flow in the printing ink between it and the printing platform 3 to gather cells in the printing ink.

[0031] The curing light source 4 is fixed in the print head 5 and is located above the array surface acoustic wave chip 1. The curing light source 4 can be projected into the printing ink above the printing platform 3 and cure it.

[0032] During printing, the transparent array surface acoustic wave chip 1 serves as the upper interface of sedimentation printing to level the liquid surface.

[0033] Preferably, in the array surface acoustic wave chip 1, the deflection angles of the multiple interdigitated electrodes are the same, and the deviation angle is: 0°<deviation angle<90°, for example, 15°, 20°, etc. And the multiple interdigitated electrodes are evenly distributed on the ring, for example, the interval angle of 6 interdigitated electrodes is 60°, and the interval angle of 8 interdigitated electrodes is 45°. The multiple interdigitated electrodes 11 share the same piezoelectric substrate, that is, multiple electrode patterns are processed on one piezoelectric substrate. The number of electrode pairs in the interdigitated electrodes 11 is 3-10 pairs, for example, 5 pairs, 6 pairs, etc., and the wavelength is 200-350μm, for example, 270μm, 300μm, etc. The driving signal of the array surface acoustic wave chip 1 is a sinusoidal AC input with a voltage of 250mVpp.

[0034] The fabrication of the arrayed surface acoustic wave chip is based on semiconductor fabrication techniques. First, the electrode arrangement is designed using computer-aided software, followed by metal motors fabricated on a piezoelectric substrate using standard soft lithography and electron beam metal deposition. In one specific embodiment, a circular working area with a diameter of 1 cm is designed. The wavelength, arrangement, and orientation of the interdigitated electrodes are designed using AutoCAD software. A mask for the electrodes is formed by thermoforming, and an AZ series positive photoresist is spin-coated on a lithium niobate piezoelectric substrate. The electrode pattern on the mask is then replicated and washed away. Electron beam evaporation is then used to deposit a 5 nm thick chromium film and a 50 nm thick gold film on the piezoelectric substrate. Finally, the pre-designed arrayed surface acoustic wave chip is washed away in formaldehyde at 60°C. The piezoelectric substrate is fixed to a print head, with the motor pattern (gold electrodes) facing the printing ink.

[0035] Preferably, the printing container 2 can also move up and down, so that tissue organs with a thicker thickness can be printed.

[0036] The present invention also provides a printing method of the acoustic fluid-mediated sedimentation-type bioprinting device for ultra-high cell density functional organs.

[0037] The printing method of a single-layer tissue organ comprises the following steps:

[0038] S1.1. Expose a circular projection through a curing light source to solidify the printed ink to form a circular sound field boundary.

[0039] S1.2. Turn on the array surface acoustic wave chip to form a focused surface acoustic wave sound field, induce fluid vortexes within the sound field boundary, and thus focus the cells in the printed ink.

[0040] S1.3. Expose the projection of the shape to be printed using a curing light source, so that the printing ink is cured to form a tissue organ of the shape to be printed containing aggregated cells.

[0041] S1.4. Expose the projection containing the shape of the printed tissue and organ through a curing light source, so that the printing ink is cured to form a single-layer printed structure containing the tissue and organ in step 3.

[0042] The method for printing multi-layer tissue organs comprises the following steps:

[0043] S1. First, print a single-layer printing structure according to the printing method of a single-layer tissue organ.

[0044] S2. Move the printing platform 3 downward and repeat S1.1-S1.4 to print a second layer of printing structure on top of the single layer of printing structure.

[0045] S3. Repeat S2 n times to obtain an n+2-layer printed structure, where n≥0.

[0046] The distance between the lower surface of the arrayed SAW chip 1 / previous printed structure and the printing platform 3 is the thickness of that printed structure. That is, in S1, the distance between the arrayed SAW chip 1 and the printing platform 3 is the thickness of the printed single layer of tissue. In S2, the distance between the lower surface of the previous printed structure and the printing platform 3, i.e., the distance the printing platform 3 descends, is the thickness of that printed structure.

[0047] The present invention achieves the phenomenon of cell aggregation in liquid by adjusting the distribution of the focused surface acoustic wave acoustic field array and the liquid boundary conditions. By adjusting the sound field strength, liquid layer thickness and initial cell concentration, different cell aggregation speeds, areas and degrees are obtained. Specifically, a plurality of interdigitated electrodes deflected in the same direction and pointing to the center of the circle generate surface acoustic waves, and then a liquid vortex is formed using the circular sound field boundary, that is, a stable focused acoustic flow is generated by the array surface acoustic wave chip, thereby achieving the enrichment of cells in the liquid toward the center. Specifically, the cells in the printed ink can be efficiently and controllably aggregated in the central area at a layer thickness of 40μm. Increasing or decreasing the power intensity of the signal input of the array surface acoustic wave chip will speed up or slow down the focused acoustic flow, and the time and range of cell enrichment in the central area will increase or decrease accordingly. Changing the deflection angle of the interdigitated electrodes in the array surface acoustic wave chip will also change the corresponding focused acoustic flow, thereby regulating the aggregation state of the cells.

[0048] This invention utilizes an array of surface acoustic wave chips and integrates sedimentation-based stereolithography to remotely and controllably concentrate cells within a photocrosslinkable bio-ink within the stereolithography, thereby achieving ultra-high-density 3D bioprinting. For example, it can create spatial structures with adjustable density of hepatocytes, alveolar epithelial cells, and fibroblasts, while also enabling the creation of internal vascular structures.

[0049] In one specific embodiment, as shown in Figure 1A, a surface acoustic wave (SAW) chip with a diameter of 1 cm and six interdigitated electrodes oriented counterclockwise and rotated 15° was fabricated using standard soft lithography techniques within semiconductor fabrication. The interdigitated electrodes were designed to have five pairs of electrodes and a wavelength of 270 μm. As shown in Figure 2, within the boundaries of a circular acoustic field and driven by a sinusoidal AC signal with a voltage amplitude of 250 mVpp, a liquid vortex I formed in the center, continuously attracting cells. The printing ink was added to the printing container: 10% (v / v) gelatin, a photoinitiator of ruthenium (Ru) / sodium persulfate (SPS) (1 mM / 10 mM), and a cell density of 1 million cells per milliliter. Alternatively, the printing ink could be: 10% (v / v) methacrylated hydrogel (GelMA), 1% photoinitiator of lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphonate (LAP), and a cell density of 1 million cells per milliliter.

[0050] The new exposure forms a 1cm diameter circular hydrogel boundary (the acoustic field boundary). A focused surface acoustic wave field is then excited, and after 20 seconds of cell aggregation, cells in the central region form close contacts. The desired printed structure is then projected, with an exposure time of 5 seconds and an exposure intensity of 50mW / cm². Finally, the entire layer of printing ink containing cells is cured, resulting in a high-density, mechanically strong, 2D cell gel sheet.

[0051] Programming software controls the printing platform to move downward 40μm to print the next layer of cells. After waiting 15 seconds for the cells to settle, the process repeats for the first layer: printing the acoustic field boundary, aggregating the cells, patterning and polymerizing the printing ink, and curing the entire layer. This repetitive cycle ultimately results in a complex tissue structure with a high cell density, as shown in Figure 3. The height of the humanoid structure is 1.5nm, and the layer thickness accuracy is 40μm.

[0052] In another specific embodiment, hepatocytes, cells of the target organ, were used to print a high-density biomimetic liver structure layer by layer, achieving rapid functional maturation of the liver tissue model, as shown in Figure 4. Using hepatocytes, a biomimetic liver tissue was created, which not only had a biomimetic structure but also replicated the vascular structure. The close cell contact enabled the expression of specific functional genes in the hepatocytes and enhanced the secretory function of the liver tissue.

[0053] In another specific embodiment, alveolar epithelial cells, cells of the target organ, are used to print out a high-density bionic alveolar structure layer by layer, and the respiratory function of the alveolar tissue model is reproduced, as shown in FIG4 .

[0054] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the scientific and technical terms used herein have the meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art. In addition, the reagents, materials and operating procedures used herein are those widely used in the corresponding fields.

[0055] It should be noted that the terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "back", etc. cited in the invention are only for the convenience of description and are not used to limit the scope of implementation of the present invention. Changes or adjustments to their relative relationships should be regarded as the scope of implementation of the present invention without substantially changing the technical content.

[0056] Finally, it should be noted that the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An acoustofluidic-mediated sedimentation bioprinting device for ultra-high cell density functional organs, characterized by: It includes an array surface acoustic wave chip, a printing container, a printing platform and a curing light source; the printing container is used to hold printing ink, which is a mixture of cells and photocurable biological ink; the printing platform is horizontally arranged in the printing container and can move up and down in the printing ink; the array surface acoustic wave chip and the curing light source are both located above the printing container; the array surface acoustic wave chip includes multiple interdigitated electrodes arranged in a circular shape in the same horizontal plane; the interdigitated electrodes are focusing surface acoustic wave interdigitated electrodes; the central axis of each interdigitated electrode deviates from its direction toward the center of the circle, and the deviation direction of multiple interdigitated electrodes is the same; the array surface acoustic wave chip contacts the printing ink and can form a focused acoustic flow in the printing ink between it and the printing platform, thereby gathering cells in the printing ink; the curing light source can project into the printing ink above the printing platform and cure it.

2. The acoustofluidic-mediated sedimentation bioprinting device for ultra-high cell density functional organs according to claim 1, characterized in that: in, In the array surface acoustic wave chip, the deflection angles of the plurality of interdigital electrodes are the same.

3. The acoustofluidic-mediated sedimentation bioprinting device for ultra-high cell density functional organs according to claim 1, characterized in that: in, The deviation angle of the interdigital electrodes is: 0°<deviation angle<90°.

4. The acoustofluidic-mediated sedimentation bioprinting device for ultra-high cell density functional organs according to claim 1, characterized in that: in, In the array surface acoustic wave chip, a plurality of interdigital electrodes are evenly distributed.

5. The acoustofluidic-mediated sedimentation bioprinting device for ultra-high cell density functional organs according to claim 1, characterized in that: in, The number of electrode pairs in the interdigitated electrodes is 3-10 pairs, and the wavelength is 200-350 μm.

6. The acoustofluidic-mediated sedimentation bioprinting device for ultra-high cell density functional organs according to claim 1, characterized in that: in, The printing container can move up and down.

7. The acoustofluidic-mediated sedimentation bioprinting device for ultra-high cell density functional organs according to claim 1, characterized in that: in, The device also includes a printing head; the array surface acoustic wave chip is fixed on the bottom of the printing head.

8. The method for printing ultra-high cell density functional organs using an acoustic fluid-mediated sedimentation bioprinting device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The printing method of a single-layer tissue organ comprises the following steps: S1.

1. Exposing the printed ink to the curing light source to form a circular sound field boundary; S1.

2. Turning on the array surface acoustic wave chip to form a focused surface acoustic wave acoustic field, inducing fluid vortices within the acoustic field boundary, thereby focusing the cells in the printed ink; S1.3, exposing the ink to the curing light source to solidify the printed ink into a tissue organ having the desired printed shape and containing aggregated cells; S1.

4. Expose the ink through the curing light source to solidify the printing ink into a single-layer printed structure containing the tissue and organ in step 3.

9. The method for printing an ultra-high cell density functional organ using an acoustic fluid-mediated sedimentation bioprinting device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The method for printing multi-layer tissue organs comprises the following steps: S1, first printing a single-layer printed structure according to the printing method of a single-layer tissue organ; S2. Move the printing platform downward and repeat S1.1-S1.4 to print a second layer of printed structure on top of the single-layer printed structure. S3. Repeat S2 n times to obtain an n+2-layer printed structure, where n≥0.

10. The printing method of the sedimentation-type bioprinting device for ultra-high cell density functional organs mediated by acoustic fluidics according to claim 8, characterized in that: in, The distance between the lower surface of the array surface acoustic wave chip / previous layer of printing structure and the printing platform is the thickness of the printing structure of this layer.

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