Handling of time to next burst
By transmitting TTNB information between network nodes, the wireless communication system optimizes scheduling and power saving, addressing the challenge of predicting Time to Next Burst for efficient network operations.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/137601
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-06
- Publication Date
- 2025-09-25
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems face challenges in accurately predicting and utilizing Time to Next Burst (TTNB) for efficient network scheduling and UE power saving, particularly during data forwarding between network nodes.
A network node receives a GTP-U extension header with TTNB information from the core network, and transmits an updated TTNB to a secondary node, allowing optimized scheduling and power saving by determining remaining TTNB based on arrival time and buffering durations.
Enables accurate network scheduling and power-efficient operations by utilizing TTNB for UE power management, enhancing system performance and reducing energy consumption.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024137601_25092025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
HANDLING OF TIME TO NEXT BURSTTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to network nodes, user equipment (UE) and methods for supporting handling of time to next burst (TTNB) .BACKGROUND
[0002] A wireless communications system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as base stations, which may be otherwise known as an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. Each network communication devices, such as a base station may support wireless communications for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as UE, or other suitable terminology. The wireless communications system may support wireless communications with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) . Additionally, the wireless communications system may support wireless communications across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G) ) .
[0003] Data burst is a set of multiple protocol data units (PDUs) generated and sent by an application in a short period of time. An end of data burst (EoDB) indication may be added to the last PDU of each data burst in a General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Tunnel Protocol-User Plane (GTP-U) header. This end of data burst can be used by a gNB to push a UE back to sleep when possible for the purpose of UE power saving, e.g., entering discontinuous reception (DRX) sleep state.
[0004] Recently, TTNB may be introduced. TTNB may be useful for the network scheduling for downlink if it is provided in advance and if it is reliable and accurate at radio access network (RAN) . TTNB may indicate arrival time of the next data burst. If the N6 link between a user plane function (UPF) and a data network is covered by transport level agreements and N6 jitter and bandwidth variation is known or can be predicted, senders can estimate how much time it will take to send all packets in a data burst and determine the start time of the next data burst within an implementation-dependent error margin. Therefore, application servers may be able to provide an estimate of TTNB in a packet of the current burst for such cases and conditions.SUMMARY
[0005] The present disclosure relates to network nodes and methods that support handling of TTNB. With the network nodes, UE and methods, a second network node may optimize scheduling of the UE based on the TTNB. In addition, the second network node may use the TTNB for power saving of the UE.
[0006] Some implementations of a first network node described herein may comprise: at least one memory and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the first network node to: receive, via the transceiver from a core network, a first GTP-U extension header together with a first PDU in a first data burst, wherein the first GTP-U extension header comprises first TTNB, the first TTNB indicates a time interval between the first data burst and a second data burst subsequent to the first data burst, or the first TTNB indicates time when the second data burst is generated; and transmit a second GTP-U extension header via the transceiver to a second network node, wherein the second GTP-U extension header comprises second TTNB, the second TTNB is the same as the first TTNB or less than the first TTNB.
[0007] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: determine remaining TTNB based on the first TTNB and arrival time information of the first data burst. In such implementations, the second TTNB comprises the remaining TTNB.
[0008] In some implementations, determining the remaining TTNB is further configured to: forward, via the transceiver to the second network node, a second PDU in the first data burst received from the core network; determine a first difference between time when the second PDU is forwarded by the first network node and time indicated by the arrival time information of the first data burst; and determine a second difference between the first TTNB and the first difference as the remaining TTNB.
[0009] In some implementations, determining the remaining TTNB is further configured to: determine a third difference between time when the remaining TTNB is transmitted by the first network node and time indicated by the arrival time information of the first data burst; and determine a fourth difference between the first TTNB and the third difference as the remaining TTNB.
[0010] In some implementations, the arrival time information of the first data burst indicates a time duration in which a PDU in the first data burst is buffered by the first network node. In such implementations, determining the remaining TTNB is further configured to: determine a fifth difference between the first TTNB and the time duration as the remaining TTNB.
[0011] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: transmit arrival time information of the first data burst via the transceiver to the second network node.
[0012] In some implementations, the arrival time information of the first data burst indicates one of the following: absolute time when a PDU in the first data burst arrives at the first network node; system frame number timing that represents the absolute time; or a time duration in which the PDU is buffered by the first network node.
[0013] In some implementations, the PDU comprises one of the following in the first data burst: a start PDU, an end PDU, the first PDU, or a reference PDU for the first TTNB.
[0014] In some implementations, the processor is configured to transmit the second TTNB by: transmitting the second GTP-U extension header together with a third PDU in the first data burst via the transceiver to the second network node, wherein the third PDU has not been transmitted to a UE successfully by the first network node.
[0015] In some implementations, the processor is configured to transmit the second TTNB by: transmitting the second GTP-U extension header together with the first PDU via the transceiver to the second network node.
[0016] In some implementations, the processor is configured to transmit the second TTNB by: transmitting the second GTP-U extension header without user data via the transceiver to the second network node.
[0017] Some implementations of a second network node described herein may comprise: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the second network node to: receive a second GTP-U extension header via the transceiver from a first network node or a core network, wherein the second GTP-U extension header comprises second TTNB, wherein the second TTNB is the same as first TTNB or less than the first TTNB, the first TTNB indicates a time interval between a first data burst and a second data burst subsequent to the first data burst, or the first TTNB indicates time when the second data burst is generated; and schedule a UE based on the second TTNB.
[0018] In some implementations, the processor is configured to schedule the UE based on the second TTNB by: receiving, via the transceiver from the first network node, arrival time information of the first data burst; determining remaining TTNB based on the second TTNB and the arrival time information of the first data burst; and scheduling the UE based on the remaining TTNB.
[0019] In some implementations, determining the remaining TTNB is further configured to: receive, via the transceiver to from the first network node, a second PDU in the first data burst which is received by the first network node from the core network; determine a first difference between time when the second PDU arrives at the second network node and time indicated by the arrival time information of the first data burst; and determine a second difference between the second TTNB and the first difference as the remaining TTNB.
[0020] In some implementations, determining the remaining TTNB is further configured to: determine a third difference between time when the arrival time information of the first data burst arrives at the second network node and time indicated by the arrival time information of the first data burst; and determine a fourth difference between the second TTNB and the third difference as the remaining TTNB.
[0021] In some implementations, determining the remaining TTNB is further configured to: determine a fifth difference between the second TTNB and time indicated by the arrival time information of the first data burst as the remaining TTNB.
[0022] In some implementations, the arrival time information of the first data burst indicates one of the following: absolute time when a PDU in the first data burst arrives at the first network node; system frame number timing that represents the absolute time; or a time duration in which the PDU is buffered by the first network node.
[0023] In some implementations, the PDU comprises one of the following in the first data burst: a start PDU, an end PDU, a first PDU comprising first TTNB indicating first time when the second data burst arrives at the first network node, or a reference PDU for the first TTNB.
[0024] In some implementations, the processor is configured to receive the second GTP-U extension header comprising the second TTNB by: receiving the second GTP-U extension header together with a third PDU in the first data burst via the transceiver from the first network node, wherein the third PDU has not been transmitted to a UE successfully by the first network node.
[0025] In some implementations, the processor is configured to receive the second GTP-U extension header comprising the second TTNB by: receiving the second GTP-U extension header together with a first PDU via the transceiver from the first network node, wherein the first PDU has been transmitted to the first network node together with the first TTNB.
[0026] In some implementations, the processor is configured to receive the second GTP-U extension header comprising the second TTNB by: receiving, via the transceiver from the first network node, the second GTP-U header without user data.
[0027] Some implementations of a UE described herein may include a processor and a transceiver coupled to the processor, wherein the processor is configured to: determine TTNB, wherein the TTNB indicates a time interval between a first data burst and a second data burst subsequent to the first data burst, or the TTNB indicates time when the second data burst is generated by the UE; and transmit the TTNB via the transceiver to a network node.
[0028] In some implementations, the processor is configured to transmit the TTNB by: transmitting, via the transceiver to the network node, a medium access control control element (MAC CE) comprising the TTNB.
[0029] In some implementations, the MAC CE further comprises at least one of the following which the second data burst belongs to: an identity or index of a quality of service (QoS) flow, an identity or index of a logical channel group, or an identity or index of a data radio bearer (DRB) .
[0030] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: trigger, based on determining at least one of the following, a TTNB reporting procedure to transmit the TTNB: the TTNB arrives at an access stratum (AS) layer of the UE, the second data burst belongs to a first logical channel with a first priority higher than a second priority of any logical channel having further TTNB to be reported, or none of logical channels which belong to a logical channel group has the further TTNB to be reported.
[0031] In some implementations, the TTNB indicates one of the following: absolute time when the second data burst arrives at the network node, relative time to at least one of a reference system frame number, a slot or a symbol, or relative time to a PDU in the first data burst.
[0032] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: update the TTNB based on the TTNB and time when the TTNB is transmitted. In such implementations, the processor is configured to transmit the TTNB by transmitting the updated TTNB.
[0033] Some implementations of a method described herein may include: receiving, from a core network, a first GTP-U extension header together with a first PDU in a first data burst, wherein the first GTP-U extension header comprises first TTNB, the first TTNB indicates a time interval between the first data burst and a second data burst subsequent to the first data burst, or the first TTNB indicates time when the second data burst is generated; and transmitting a second GTP-U extension header to a second network node, wherein the second GTP-U extension header comprises second TTNB, the second TTNB is the same as the first TTNB or less than the first TTNB.
[0034] Some implementations of a method described herein may include: receiving a second GTP-U extension header from a first network node or a core network, wherein the second GTP-U extension header comprises second TTNB, wherein the second TTNB is the same as first TTNB or less than the first TTNB, the first TTNB indicates a time interval between a first data burst and a second data burst subsequent to the first data burst, or the first TTNB indicates time when the second data burst is generated; and scheduling a UE based on the second TTNB.
[0035] Some implementations of a method described herein may include: determining TTNB, wherein the TTNB indicates a time interval between a first data burst and a second data burst subsequent to the first data burst, or the TTNB indicates time when the second data burst is generated by the UE; and transmitting the TTNB to a network node.
[0036] Some implementations of a processor described herein may include at least one memory and a controller coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the controller to: determine TTNB, wherein the TTNB indicates a time interval between a first data burst and a second data burst subsequent to the first data burst, or the TTNB indicates time when the second data burst is generated by the UE; and transmit the TTNB via a transceiver to a network node.
[0037] It is to be understood that the summary section is not intended to identify key or essential features of embodiments of the present disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0038] Fig. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system that supports handling of TTNB in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0039] Fig. 2 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system that supports handling of TTNB in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0040] Fig. 3 illustrates a signaling diagram illustrating an example process that supports handling of TTNB in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0041] Fig. 4 illustrates an example of a TTNB in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure;
[0042] Fig. 5 illustrates an example of downlink data transmission;
[0043] Fig. 6 illustrates a signaling diagram illustrating an example process that supports handling of TTNB in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0044] Fig. 7 illustrates a signaling diagram illustrating an example process that supports handling of TTNB in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0045] Fig. 8 illustrates an example of downlink data transmission;
[0046] Figs. 9 to 13 illustrate a signaling diagram illustrating an example process that supports handling of TTNB in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure, respectively;
[0047] Fig. 14 illustrates an example of a device that supports handling of TTNB in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure;
[0048] Fig. 15 illustrates an example of a processor that supports handling of TTNB in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure; and
[0049] Figs. 16, 17 and 18 illustrate a flowchart of a method that supports handling of TTNB in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure, respectively.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0050] Principles of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein may be implemented in various manners other than the ones described less than or equal to.
[0051] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0052] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “some embodiments, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment (s) described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment (s) . Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0053] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” or the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, a first element could also be termed as a second element, and similarly, a second element could also be termed as a first element, without departing from the scope of embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0054] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.
[0055] As described above, TTNB may be useful for the network scheduling for downlink.
[0056] To support TTNB, an indication of TTNB may be provided by a core network in a packet of a data burst. In order to support lossless handover, data forwarding from a source gNB to a target gNB is performed. In case of data forwarding is performed from the source gNB to the target gNB, how the target gNB knows the TTNB needs to be solved.
[0057] In view of the above, the present disclosure provides a solution that supports handling of TTNB. In this solution, a first network node receives, from a core network, a first GTP-U extension header together with a first PDU in a first data burst. The first GTP-U extension header comprises first TTNB, the first TTNB indicates a time interval between the first data burst and a second data burst subsequent to the first data burst, or the first TTNB indicates time when the second data burst is generated. In turn, the first network node transmits a second GTP-U extension header to a second network node. The second GTP-U extension header comprises second TTNB. The second TTNB is the same as the first TTNB or less than the first TTNB. With this solution, a second network node may optimize scheduling of the UE based on the TTNB. In addition, the second network node may use the TTNB for power saving of the UE.
[0058] Aspects of the present disclosure are described in the context of a wireless communications system.
[0059] Fig. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100 that supports handling of TTNB in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one at least one of network entities 102 (also referred to as network equipment (NE) ) , one or more terminal devices or UEs 104, a core network 106, and a packet data network 108. The wireless communications system 100 may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 4G network, such as an LTE network or an LTE-advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 5G network, such as an NR network. In other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including institute of electrical and electronics engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20. The wireless communications system 100 may support radio access technologies beyond 5G. Additionally, the wireless communications system 100 may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , or code division multiple access (CDMA) , etc.
[0060] The network entities 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communications system 100. One or more of the network entities 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station (BS) , a network element, a radio access network (RAN) node, a base transceiver station, an access point, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. A network entity 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link 110, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface. The network entities 102 may be collectively referred to as network entities 102 or individually referred to as a network entity 102. Hereinafter, some implementations of the present disclosure will be described by taking a gNB as an example of the network entity 102. Thus, the network entity 102 may be used interchangeably with the gNB 102. For example, the gNBs 102 may comprise a gNB 102-1 and a gNB 102-2, as shown in Fig. 1.
[0061] In some implementations, the gNB 102 may support dual connectivity (DC) operation. For example, the gNB 102-1 may act as a master RAN node and the gNB 102-2 may act as a secondary RAN node. Hereinafter, for brevity, a master RAN node is also referred to as a master node (MN) and a secondary RAN node is also referred to as a secondary node (SN) .
[0062] In some implementations, in NR-DC, a radio bearer may be served by both MN and SN. For example, for a split bearer, a node hosting PDCP entity may forward data to a peer node (also referred to as a corresponding node) . For MN terminated split bearer, the node hosting PDCP entity is MN while the peer node is SN. For SN terminated split bearer, the node hosting PDCP entity is SN while the peer node is MN.
[0063] A network entity 102 may provide a geographic coverage area 112 for which the network entity 102 may support services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area 112. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network. In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas 112 associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas 112 may be associated with different network entities 102. Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0064] The one or more UEs 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100. A UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a remote unit, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may be referred to as an internet-of-things (IoT) device, an internet-of-everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be stationary in the wireless communications system 100. In some other implementations, a UE 104 may be mobile in the wireless communications system 100.
[0065] The one or more UEs 104 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some examples of UEs 104 are illustrated in Fig. 1. A UE 104 may be capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as the network entities 102, other UEs 104, or network equipment (e.g., the core network 106, the packet data network 108, a relay device, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, or another network equipment) , as shown in Fig. 1. Additionally, or alternatively, a UE 104 may support communication with other network entities 102 or UEs 104, which may act as relays in the wireless communications system 100.
[0066] A UE 104 may also be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEs 104 over a communication link 114. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link 114 may be referred to as a sidelink. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a PC5 interface.
[0067] A network entity 102 may support communications with the core network 106, or with another network entity 102, or both. For example, a network entity 102 may interface with the core network 106 through one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The network entities 102 may communicate with each other over the backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or another network interface) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., between the network entities 102) . In some other implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 106) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC) . An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission-reception points (TRPs) .
[0068] In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be configured in a disaggregated architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed among two or more network entities 102, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open radio access network (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 102 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a radio unit (RU) , a RAN intelligent controller (RIC) (e.g., a near-real time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a non-real time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a service management and orchestration (SMO) system, or any combination thereof.
[0069] An RU may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 102 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 102 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0070] Split of functionality between a CU, a DU, and an RU may be flexible and may support different functionalities depending upon which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, radio frequency functions, and any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU, a DU, or an RU. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU and a DU such that the CU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some implementations, the CU may host upper protocol layer (e.g., a layer 3 (L3) , a layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., radio resource control (RRC) , service data adaption protocol (SDAP) , packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU may be connected to one or more DUs or RUs, and the one or more DUs or RUs may host lower protocol layers, such as a layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or an L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160.
[0071] Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU and an RU such that the DU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs) . In some implementations, a functional split between a CU and a DU, or between a DU and an RU may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU, a DU, or an RU, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU, the DU, or the RU) .
[0072] A CU may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU may be connected to one or more DUs via a midhaul communication link (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU may be connected to one or more RUs via a fronthaul communication link (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some implementations, a midhaul communication link or a fronthaul communication link may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 102 that are in communication via such communication links.
[0073] The core network 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) , or a 5G core (5GC) , which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management functions (AMF) , Session Management functions (SMF) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a packet data network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signal bearers, etc. ) for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more network entities 102 associated with the core network 106.
[0074] The core network 106 may communicate with the packet data network 108 over one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The packet data network 108 may include an application server 118. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server 118. A UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the core network 106 via a network entity 102. The core network 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application server 118 using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session) . The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the core network 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the core network 106) .
[0075] In the wireless communications system 100, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may use resources of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communications) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different resource structures. For example, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and among other suitable radio access technologies, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures) . The network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.
[0076] One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communications system 100, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A first numerology (e.g., μ=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., μ=1) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., μ=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., μ=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix.
[0077] A time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames) . Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration. In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration. In some implementations, each frame may have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.
[0078] Additionally or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communications system 100. For instance, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (i.e., μ=0, μ=1, μ=2, μ=3, μ=4) associated with respective subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols) . In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing) , a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that reference to a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.
[0079] In the wireless communications system 100, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the wireless communications system 100 may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (510 MHz –7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communications over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data) . In some implementations, FR2 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.
[0080] FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies) . For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) , which includes 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; a second numerology (e.g., μ=1) , which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies) . For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) , which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.
[0081] Fig. 2 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 200 that supports handling of TTNB in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 2, the wireless communications system 200 may comprise the core network 106 and the UE 104 in Fig. 1 as well as a first network node 210 and a second network node 220.
[0082] In some implementations, each of the first network node 210 and the second network node 220 may be implemented as one of the following: a gNB, a base station, a network element, a RAN node, a base transceiver station, an access point, a NodeB, or an eNB.
[0083] In some implementations, the UE 104 may perform handover from the first network node 210 to the second network node 220. In such implementations, the first network node 210 may be implemented as a source network node and the second network node 220 may be implemented as a target network node. For example, the first network node 210 may be implemented as a source gNB and the second network node 220 may be implemented as a target gNB.
[0084] In some implementations, the UE 104 may be in dual connection (DC) with the first network node 210 and the second network node 220. In such implementations, the first network node 210 may be implemented as a node hosting PDCP entity, and the second network node 220 may be implemented as a peer node (also referred to as a corresponding node) . In other words, a PDCP entity of a data radio bearer (DRB) may be terminated in the first network node 210, and the lower layers functionalities of the DRB are served by the second network node 220 or the lower layers functionalities of the DRB are served by both the first network node 210 and the second network node 220. For example, the DRB may be one of the following: MN terminated MCG bearer, MN terminated SCG bearer or MN terminated split bearer. The lower layers of the DRB may comprise an RLC entity, a MAC entity of the DRB and physical layer related function of the DRB.
[0085] In some implementations, the node hosting PDCP entity may be an MN, and the peer node may be an SN. Alternatively, the node hosting PDCP entity may be an SN and the peer node may be an MN.
[0086] In some implementations, the core network 106 may comprise an AMF 230 and a UPF 240.
[0087] In some implementations, the AMF 230 may communicate with the UE 104 via N1 interface and with the first network node 210 or the second network node 220 via N2 interface.
[0088] In some implementations, the UPF 240 may communicate with the first network node 210 or the second network node 220 via N3 interface, and with the DN 108 via N6 interface.
[0089] Fig. 3 illustrates a signaling diagram illustrating an example process 300 that supports handling of TTNB in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The process 300 may involve the first network node 210, the second network node 220 and the core network 106 in Fig. 2. For the purpose of discussion, the process 300 will be described with reference to Fig. 2.
[0090] As shown in Fig. 3, the first network node 210 receives 310, from the core network 106, a first GTP-U extension header together with a first PDU in a first data burst. The first GTP-U extension header comprises first TTNB. The first TTNB indicates a time interval between the first data burst and a second data burst subsequent to the first data burst, or the first TTNB indicates time when the second data burst is generated.
[0091] In some implementations, the first network node 210 may receive the first TTNB from the UPF 240.
[0092] In turn, the first network node 210 transmits 320 a second GTP-U extension header to the second network node 220. The second GTP-U extension header comprises second TTNB. The second TTNB is the same as the first TTNB or less than the first TTNB.
[0093] Upon receiving the second TTNB, the second network node 220 schedules 330 the UE 104 based on the second TTNB.
[0094] With the process 300, the second network node 220 may optimize scheduling of the UE 104 based on the second TTNB. In addition, the second network node 220 may use the TTNB for power saving of the UE 104.
[0095] In some implementations, the first TTNB may indicate the time interval between the first data burst and the second data burst by indicating a time interval between transmission of a reference PDU in the first data burst and transmission of a reference PDU in the second data burst. The reference PDU may be any PDU in the first data burst or the second data burst respectively. For example, the reference PDU in the first data burst may be an end PDU or a start PDU in the first data burst, and the reference PDU in the second data burst may be the start PDU in the second data burst. For another example, the reference PDU in the first data burst may be the first PDU received together with the first TTNB and the reference PDU in the second data burst may be the start PDU in the second data burst. This will be described with reference to Fig. 4.
[0096] Fig. 4 illustrates an example of a TTNB in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure. In the example of Fig. 4, each of the first data burst and the second data burst comprises eight PDUs. TTNB may indicate a time interval between transmission of an end PDU 410 in the first data burst and transmission of a start PDU 420 in the second data burst. In this example, the end PDU 410 may be a reference PDU in the first data burst for the TTNB. The start PDU 420 may be a reference PDU in the second data burst for the TTNB.
[0097] Alternatively, in some implementations, the first TTNB may indicate the time interval between the first data burst and the second data burst by indicating relative time to a reference system frame number (SFN) . For example, the reference SFN may be an initial SFN boundary (e.g., SFN =0) .
[0098] Alternatively, in some implementations, the first TTNB may indicate the time interval between the first data burst and the second data burst by indicating relative time to the reference SFN and a slot number.
[0099] Alternatively, in some implementations, the first TTNB may indicate the time interval between the first data burst and the second data burst by indicating relative time to the reference SFN, a slot number and a symbol number.
[0100] Alternatively, in some implementations, the first TTNB may indicate the time interval between the first data burst and the second data burst by indicating relative time to a reference PDU in the first data burst. The reference PDU may be any PDU in the first data burst. For example, the reference PDU may be an end PDU or a start PDU in the first data burst. For another example, the reference PDU may be the first PDU received together with the first TTNB.
[0101] Alternatively, in some implementations, the first TTNB may indicate absolute time when the second data burst is generated at the core network 106 or application server 118.
[0102] In some implementations, the first network node 210 may transmit, to the second network node 220, the second GTP-U extension header together with a third PDU in the first data burst. The third PDU has not been transmitted to the UE 104 successfully by the first network node 210. For example, the third PDU may have been transmitted to the UE 104 but have not been acknowledged by the UE 104. For another example, the third PDU may a fresh PDU which is received from the core network 106 but has not been transmitted to the UE 104. This will be described with reference to Figs. 5 and 6. Hereinafter, a PDU which has not been transmitted to the UE 104 successfully is also referred to as an un-transmitted PDU.
[0103] Fig. 5 illustrates an example of downlink data transmission. In the example of Fig. 5, the first network node 210 may be implemented as a source gNB (S-gNB) and the second network node 220 may be implemented as a target gNB (T-gNB) . Thus, the first network node 210 is also referred to as a source gNB 210 and the second network node 220 is also referred to as a target gNB 220.
[0104] In order to support lossless handover, data forwarding from the source gNB 210 to the target gNB 220 is performed. In case of data forwarding is performed from the source gNB 210 to the target gNB 220, it would be better to forward the TTNB to the target gNB 220 so that the target gNB 220 can use it for power saving of the UE 104 and scheduling optimization.
[0105] As shown in Fig. 5, at step 1, the source gNB 210 receives the first data burst from the UPF 240. The first data burst comprises user data packets: PDUs#1, #2 and #3. In addition, the source gNB 210 receives the first TTNB of the second data burst from the UPF 240. For example, the first TTNB may be included in a GTP-U extension header and the source gNB 210 receives the GTP-U extension header together with the PDU#3 assuming the PDU#3 is an end PDU (i.e., the last PDU) in the first data burst.
[0106] At step 2, before handover, the source gNB 210 transmits the PDUs#1, #2 and #3 to the UE 104. The PDUs#1 and #3 have been transmitted to the UE 104 successfully while the PDU#2 before the PDU#3 has not been transmitted to the UE 104 successfully.
[0107] At step 3, the source gNB 210 forwards the PDU#2 to the target gNB 220 during data forwarding.
[0108] At step 4, the target gNB 220 transmits the PDU#2 to the UE 104.
[0109] Since the PDU#3 received together with the first TTNB is not forwarded to the target gNB 220, the target gNB 220 may not be able to know the arrival time of the second data burst. In order to let the target gNB 220 know the arrival time of the second data burst, the source gNB 210 may transmit the second TTNB to the target gNB 220 during data forwarding. The second TTNB may be the same as the first TTNB. This will be described with reference to Fig. 6.
[0110] Fig. 6 illustrates a signaling diagram illustrating an example process 600 that supports handling of TTNB in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The process 600 may be considered an example implementation of the process 300. For the purpose of discussion, the process 600 will be described with reference to Fig. 2. The process 600 may involve the UE 104, the first network node 210, the second network node 220, the AMF 230 and the UPF 240 in Fig. 2.
[0111] Generally, in the process 600, the first network node 210 may be implemented as a source gNB and the second network node 220 may be implemented as a target gNB. Thus, the first network node 210 is also referred to as the source gNB 210 and the second network node 220 is also referred to as the target gNB 220.
[0112] In addition, in the process 600, the source gNB 210 puts the second TTNB in a GTP-U extension header of an end un-transmitted PDU (i.e., the last un-transmitted PDU) in the first data burst during data forwarding.
[0113] As shown in Fig. 6, the source gNB 210 receives 610 the first data burst from the UPF 240. The first data burst comprises PDUs#1, #2 and #3.
[0114] In addition, the source gNB 210 receives, from the UPF 240, a GTP-U extension header comprising the first TTNB together with any PDU in the first data burst. For example, the source gNB 210 may receive the GTP-U extension header comprising the first TTNB together with a start PDU (e.g., PDU#1) or an end PDU (e.g., PDU#3) in the first data burst. In the process 600, the source gNB 210 receives the GTP-U extension header comprising the first TTNB together with the end PDU (e.g., PDU#3) in the first data burst. The GTP-U extension header may be “PDU set information” container defined in 3GPP specification TS 38.415.
[0115] Before handover, the source gNB 210 transmits 615 the PDUs#1, #2 and #3 to the UE 104. The PDUs#1 and #3 have been transmitted to the UE 104 successfully while the PDU#2 before the PDU#3 received together with the first TTNB has not been transmitted to the UE 104 successfully. For example, the source gNB 210 has transmitted the PDU #2 to the UE 104 but has not received positive acknowledgement from the UE 104. That is, the PDU#2 is an un-transmitted PDU.
[0116] In response to trigger of a handover procedure, the source gNB 210 transmits 620 a Handover Request message to the target gNB 220. Upon receiving the Handover Request message, the target gNB 220 transmits 625 a Handover Request Acknowledgement (Ack) message to the source gNB 210.
[0117] Upon receiving the Handover Request Ack message, the source gNB 210 transmits 630 a Radio Resource Control (RRC) Reconfiguration message (with synchronization) to the UE 104. In addition, the source gNB 210 transmits 635 a Sequence Number (SN) Status Transfer message to the target gNB 220.
[0118] Upon receiving the RRC Reconfiguration message, the UE 104 transmits 640 an RRC Reconfiguration Complete message to the target gNB 220.
[0119] Upon receiving the RRC Reconfiguration Complete message, the target gNB 220 transmits 645 a Path Switch Request message to the AMF 230. In response, the AMF 230 transmits 650 a Path Switch Request Ack message to the target gNB 220.
[0120] In order to support lossless handover, the source gNB 210 may perform Data Radio Bearer (DRB) based data forwarding to the target gNB 220. The source gNB 210 may forward 655 a PDCP service data unit (SDU) of an un-transmitted PDU to the target gNB 220. The source gNB 210 may put the second TTNB in a GTP-U extension header associated with the last un-transmitted PDU (e.g., PDU#2) in the first data burst or any one of the un-transmitted PDUs. The source gNB 210 may add the second TTNB in the GTP-U extension header associated with the PDCP SDU.
[0121] When receiving the PDCP SDU together with the second TTNB, the target gNB 220 schedules 660 the UE 104 based on the second TTNB.
[0122] In addition, the target gNB 220 may use the second TTNB for power saving of the UE 104.
[0123] Alternatively, in some implementations, in order to transmit the second TTNB, the first network node 210 may transmit, to the second network node 220, the second TTNB together with the first PDU. This will be described with reference to Fig. 7.
[0124] Fig. 7 illustrates a signaling diagram illustrating an example process 700 that supports handling of TTNB in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The process 700 may be considered an example implementation of the process 300. For the purpose of discussion, the process 700 will be described with reference to Fig. 2. The process 700 may involve the UE 104, the first network node 210, the second network node 220, the AMF 230 and the UPF 240 in Fig. 2.
[0125] Generally, in the process 700, the first network node 210 may be implemented as a source gNB and the second network node 220 may be implemented as a target gNB. Thus, the first network node 210 is also referred to as the source gNB 210 and the second network node 220 is also referred to as the target gNB 220.
[0126] In addition, in the process 700, the source gNB 210 always forwards the PDU together with the first TTNB received from the UPF 240 to the target gNB 220 if there is any PDUs in the first data burst which have not been transmitted to the UE 104 successfully.
[0127] Actions 610, 615, 620, 625, 630, 635, 640, 645, 650 and 660 in the process 700 are the same as those in the process 600. Thus, details of these actions are omitted for brevity.
[0128] An action 755 in the process 700 is different from an action 655 in the process 600.
[0129] Specifically, during data forwarding, the source gNB 210 forwards 755 the PDCP SDU of the un-transmitted PDU to the target gNB 220 as well as a PDCP SDU together with the first TTNB to the target gNB 220. In this example, the un-transmitted PDU is the PDU#2. The PDU together with the first TTNB is the PDU#3 which has been transmitted to the UE 104 successfully. The source gNB 210 forwards both the PDU#2 and the PDU#3 to the target gNB 220. Since the first TTNB may have been removed by an SDAP layer of the source gNB 210, the source gNB 210 re-adds or puts the second TTNB in a GTP-U extension header associated with the PDCP SDU of the PDU#3, e.g., in a PDU Set Information GTP-U extension header as specified in TS 38.415. The second TTNB is the same as or less than the first TTNB. This will be described later.
[0130] Alternatively, in some implementations, all the PDUs in the first data burst may have been transmitted to the UE 104 successfully. During handover, there is no data forwarding for the first data burst. In such implementations, the second TTNB may be provided in the GTP-U extension header without user data, e.g. a T-PDU. This will be described with reference to Figs. 8 and 9.
[0131] Fig. 8 illustrates an example of downlink data transmission. In the example of Fig. 8, the first network node 210 may be implemented as a source gNB and the second network node 220 may be implemented as a target gNB. Thus, the first network node 210 is also referred to as the source gNB 210 and the second network node 220 is also referred to as the target gNB 220.
[0132] As shown in Fig. 8, at step 1, at step 1, the source gNB 210 receives the first data burst from the UPF 240. The first data burst comprises PDUs#1, #2 and #3. In addition, the source gNB 210 receives the first TTNB of the second data burst from the UPF 240. For example, the first TTNB may be included in a GTP-U extension header and the source gNB 210 receives the GTP-U extension header together with the PDU#3 assuming the PDU#3 is an end PDU (i.e., the last PDU) in the first data burst.
[0133] At step 2, before handover, the source gNB 210 transmits the PDUs#1, #2 and #3 to the UE 104. The PDUs#1, #2 and #3 have been transmitted to the UE 104 successfully. That is, all the PDUs in the first data burst have been transmitted to the UE 104 successfully. Thus, during handover, there is no data forwarding for the first data burst.
[0134] At step 3, in order to let the target gNB 220 know the arrival time of the second data burst, the source gNB 210 transmits the second TTNB without user data to the target gNB 220. In an example, the source gNB 210 transmits a GTP-U extension header carrying the second TTNB without use data packets (PDCP SDUs) to the target gNB 220.
[0135] At step 4, the target gNB 220 transmits one or more PDUs in the second data burst to the UE 104.
[0136] Fig. 9 illustrates a signaling diagram illustrating an example process 900 that supports handling of TTNB in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The process 900 may be considered an example implementation of the process 300. For the purpose of discussion, the process 900 will be described with reference to Fig. 2. The process 900 may involve the UE 104, the first network node 210, the second network node 220, the AMF 230 and the UPF 240 in Fig. 2.
[0137] Generally, in the process 900, the first network node 210 may be implemented as a source gNB and the second network node 220 may be implemented as a target gNB. Thus, the first network node 210 is also referred to as the source gNB 210 and the second network node 220 is also referred to as the target gNB 220.
[0138] In addition, in the process 900, the source gNB 210 transmits the second TTNB in the GTP-U extension header (e.g., PDU Set Information container) without user data.
[0139] Actions 610, 615, 620, 625, 630, 635, 640, 645, 650 and 660 in the process 900 are the same as those in the process 600. Thus, details of these actions are omitted for brevity.
[0140] An action 955 in the process 900 is different from an action 655 in the process 600.
[0141] Specifically, since there is no data forwarding needed, the source gNB 210 955 transmits the second TTNB in a GTP-U extension header (e.g. as defined in TS 38.415) without user data (i.e., without T-PDU) . In other words, the source gNB 210 only transmits the GTP-U extension header without payload to the target gNB 220.
[0142] In some implementations, the core network 106 may transmit the second TTNB to the second network node 220. For example, the UPF 240 may transmit the second TTNB to the second network node 220. This will be described with reference to Fig. 10.
[0143] Fig. 10 illustrates a signaling diagram illustrating an example process 1000 that supports handling of TTNB in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The process 1000 may be considered an example implementation of the process 300. For the purpose of discussion, the process 1000 will be described with reference to Fig. 2. The process 1000 may involve the UE 104, the first network node 210, the second network node 220, the AMF 230 and the UPF 240 in Fig. 2.
[0144] Generally, in the process 1000, the first network node 210 may be implemented as a source gNB and the second network node 220 may be implemented as a target gNB. Thus, the first network node 210 is also referred to as the source gNB 210 and the second network node 220 is also referred to as the target gNB 220.
[0145] In addition, in the process 1000, a handover procedure and a path switch procedure are performed. After the path switch procedure, the UPF 240 transmits the second TTNB to the second network node 220.
[0146] Actions 610, 615, 620, 625, 630, 635, 640, 645, 650 and 660 in the process 1000 are the same as those in the process 600. Thus, details of these actions are omitted for brevity.
[0147] An action 1020 in the process 1000 is different from an action 655 in the process 600. Furthermore, actions 1010 and 1030 are performed in the process 1000.
[0148] Specifically, upon receiving 640 the RRC Reconfiguration Complete message, the target gNB 220 transmits 645 a Path Switch Request message to the AMF 230. Upon receiving the Path Switch Request message, an N4 Session Modification procedure is performed 1010 between the AMF 230 and the UPF 240 via SMF not shown. Then, the AMF 230 transmits 650 a Path Switch Request Ack message to the target gNB 220.
[0149] In order to support lossless handover, the source gNB 210 may perform DRB based data forwarding to the target gNB 220. The source gNB 210 may forward 1020 a PDCP SDU of an un-transmitted PDU (e.g., the PDU#2) to the target gNB 220.
[0150] In some implementations, after the UPF 240 transmits an N4 Session Modification Response to an SMF not shown in Fig. 10, the UPF 240 transmits 1030 the second TTNB to the target gNB 220. For example, the UPF 240 may transmit the second TTNB in a GTP-U extension header (i.e., a PDU Set Information container) to the target gNB 220.
[0151] In some implementations, if all the PDUs in the first data burst have been transmitted to the source gNB 210 just before the path switch procedure (e.g., within a configured time duration) , the UPF 240 may transmit the second TTNB in the GTP-U extension header (i.e., PDU Set Information container) without user data (T-PDU) to the target gNB 220.
[0152] In some implementations, if a first subset of PDUs in the first data burst have been transmitted to the source gNB 210 while a second subset of PDUs in the first data burst are to be transmitted to the target gNB 220, the UPF 240 may transmit the second TTNB together with a PDU in the second subset to the target gNB 220. The second TTNB may be the same as the first TTNB transmitted to the source gNB 210.
[0153] It shall be understood that the processes 600, 700, 900 and 1000 have been described by taking the source gNB and the target gNB as examples of the first network node 210 and the second network node 220, respectively. The processes 600, 700, 900 and 1000 may be also applied to dual connectivity case. In the dual connectivity case, the node hosting PDCP entity and the corresponding node may replace the source gNB and the target gNB respectively to perform processes similar to the processes 600, 700, 900 and 1000.
[0154] For example, in the dual connectivity split bearer scenario, the node hosting PDCP entity may forward data to the peer / corresponding node. In this case, the node hosting PDCP entity (such as MN) provides the TTNB to the peer / corresponding node (such as SN) if it receives the TTNB from the UPF 240. The node hosting PDCP entity may put the TTNB in the last PDU or any PDU (e.g., PDCP PDU) of the data burst that will be transmitted by the peer node. The node hosting PDCP entity adds the ‘TTNB’ in the GTP-U extension header of the PDCP PDU. For MN terminated split bearer, the node hosting PDCP entity is MN while the peer node is SN. For SN terminated split bearer, the node hosting PDCP entity is SN while the peer node is MN. Details of such processes are omitted for brevity.
[0155] In some implementations, for other bearer types, e.g. Master Cell Group (MCG) bearer, Secondary Cell Group (SCG) bearer, when bearer type change, data forwarding may also happen. The similar solution as handover is applied to dual connectivity.
[0156] In some implementations, the first network node 210 may receive the first data burst with the first TTNB. During downlink transmission of the first data burst, handover and data forwarding may happen. When transmitting the second TTNB to the second network node 220, the first network node 210 may already buffer the first data burst for a while. If the first network node 210 determines the first TTNB as the second TTNB, the second TTNB will be not accurate any more due to the buffering time in the first network node 210. In order to let the second network node 220 get an accurate TTNB, the buffering time in the first network node 210 should be excluded. In such implementations, the first network node 210 may determine remaining TTNB based on the first TTNB and arrival time information of the first data burst. In turn, the first network node 210 may determine the remaining TTNB as the second TTNB. Thus, the second TTNB is less than the first TTNB. This will be described with reference to Fig. 11.
[0157] Fig. 11 illustrates a signaling diagram illustrating an example process 1100 that supports handling of TTNB in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The process 1100 may be considered an example implementation of the process 300. For the purpose of discussion, the process 1100 will be described with reference to Fig. 2. The process 1100 may involve the first network node 210, the second network node 220 and the core network 106 in Fig. 2.
[0158] As shown in Fig. 11, the first network node 210 receives 1110, from the core network 106, the first GTP-U extension header together with the first PDU in the first data burst. The first GTP-U extension header comprises the first TTNB. The action 1110 is similar to the action 310 in the process 300. Details of this action are omitted for brevity.
[0159] The first network node 210 determines 1120 remaining TTNB based on the first TTNB and arrival time information of the first data burst.
[0160] In some implementations, the arrival time information of the first data burst may indicate absolute time when a PDU in the first data burst arrives at the first network node 210. In such implementations, the PDU may comprise one of the following in the first data burst: a start PDU, an end PDU, the first PDU comprising the first TTNB, or a reference PDU for the first TTNB.
[0161] Alternatively, in some implementations, the arrival time information of the first data burst may indicate SFN timing that represents the absolute time. For example, the SFN timing may be a time difference relative to the initial SFN boundary (SFN =0) . For another example, the SFN timing may be SFN and at least one of slot number or symbol number relative to the initial SFN boundary (SFN =0) . In case of time non-synchronization between the first network node 210 and the second network node 220, the first network node 210 may transmit the SFN timing in the first network node 210 together with the SFN offset between first network node 210 and second network node 220 to the second network node 220, or the first network node 210 may calculate the SFN timing of the second network node 220 according to the SFN offset between the first network node 210 and the second network node 220 and transmit the SFN timing of the second network node 220 to the second network node 220.
[0162] Alternatively, in some implementations, the arrival time information of the first data burst may indicate a time duration during which a PDU in the first data burst is buffered by the first network node 210. The time duration may indicate how long the PDU has been buffered in the first network node 210 until the first network node 210 transmits 1130 the remaining TTNB to the second network node 220. In such implementations, the PDU may comprise one of the following in the first data burst: a start PDU, an end PDU, the first PDU comprising the first TTNB, or a reference PDU for the first TTNB.
[0163] In some implementations, the first network node 210 may determine passed TTNB based on the arrival time information of the first data burst. In turn, the first network node 210 may determine a difference between the first TTNB and the passed TTNB as the remaining TTNB.
[0164] In some implementations, the first network node 210 may forward, to the second network node 220, a second PDU in the first data burst which was received from the core network 106. The passed TTNB may be equal to a first difference between time when the second PDU is forwarded by the first network node 210 and time indicated by the arrival time information of the first data burst.
[0165] Alternatively, in some implementations, the passed TTNB may be equal to a third difference between time when the remaining TTNB is transmitted by the first network node 210 and time indicated by the arrival time information of the first data burst.
[0166] Alternatively, in some implementations, the passed TTNB may be equal to a time duration during which a PDU in the first data burst is buffered by the first network node 210. The time duration may indicate how long the PDU has been buffered in the first network node 210 until the first network node 210 transmits 1130 the remaining TTNB to the second network node 220. In such implementations, the PDU may comprise one of the following in the first data burst: a start PDU, an end PDU, the first PDU comprising the first TTNB, or a reference PDU for the first TTNB.
[0167] Upon determining the remaining TTNB, the first network node 210 determines the remaining TTNB as the second TTNB.
[0168] In turn, the first network node 210 transmits 1130 the remaining TTNB to the second network node 220.
[0169] In some implementations, the first network node 210 may include the remaining TTNB in a Handover Request message and transmit the Handover Request message to the second network node 220.
[0170] Alternatively, in some implementations, the first network node 210 may include the remaining TTNB in an SN STATUS TRANSFER message and transmit the SN STATUS TRANSFER message to the second network node 220.
[0171] Alternatively, in some implementations, the first network node 210 may include the remaining TTNB in a user plane protocol, e.g., include it in a GTP-U extension header associated with any PDU in the first data burst and transmit the PDU to the second network node 220. For example, the first network node 210 may include the remaining TTNB in a GTP-U extension header associated with a start PDU or an end PDU in the first data burst.
[0172] Upon receiving the remaining TTNB, the second network node 220 schedules 1140 the UE 104 based on the remaining TTNB.
[0173] Alternatively, in some implementations, the first network node 210 may transmit the second TTNB and the arrival time information of the first data burst to the second network node 220. The second network node 220 may determine the passed TTNB based on the arrival time information of the first data burst. In turn, the second network node 220 may determine a difference between the second TTNB and the passed TTNB as the remaining TTNB. In such implementations, the second TTNB is the same as the first TTNB. This will be described with reference to Fig. 12.
[0174] Fig. 12 illustrates a signaling diagram illustrating an example process 1200 that supports handling of TTNB in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The process 1200 may be considered an example implementation of the process 300. For the purpose of discussion, the process 1200 will be described with reference to Fig. 2. The process 1200 may involve the first network node 210, the second network node 220 and the core network 106 in Fig. 2.
[0175] As shown in Fig. 12, the first network node 210 receives 1210, from the core network 106, the first GTP-U extension header together with the first PDU in the first data burst. The first GTP-U extension header comprises the first TTNB. The action 1210 is similar to the action 310 in the process 300. Details of this action are omitted for brevity.
[0176] The first network node 210 transmits 1220 the second TTNB to the second network node 220. For example, the first network node 210 may transmit the second TTNB to the second network node 220 as described with reference to Fig. 3, 6, 7 or 9. Alternatively, the second network node 220 may receive the second TTNB from the core network 106 as described with reference to Fig. 10.
[0177] The first network node 210 also transmits 1230 the arrival time information of the first data burst to the second network node 220.
[0178] In some implementations, the first network node 210 may include the arrival time information of the first data burst in a Handover Request message and transmit the Handover Request message to the second network node 220.
[0179] Alternatively, in some implementations, the first network node 210 may include the arrival time information of the first data burst in an SN STATUS TRANSFER message and transmit the SN STATUS TRANSFER message to the second network node 220.
[0180] Alternatively, in some implementations, the first network node 210 may include the arrival time information of the first data burst in a user plane protocol, e.g., include it in a GTP-U extension header of any PDU in the first data burst and transmit the PDU to the second network node 220. For example, the first network node 210 may include the arrival time information of the first data burst in a start PDU or an end PDU in the first data burst.
[0181] It shall be noted that although the action 1220 is shown before the action 1230, the action 1220 may be performed after or in parallel to the action 1230.
[0182] In some implementations, the first network node 210 may transmit the second TTNB separate from or together with the arrival time information of the first data burst.
[0183] The second network node 220 determines 1240 remaining TTNB based on the first TTNB and arrival time information of the first data burst.
[0184] In some implementations, the arrival time information of the first data burst may indicate absolute time when a PDU in the first data burst arrives at the first network node 210. In such implementations, the PDU may comprise one of the following in the first data burst: a start PDU, an end PDU, the first PDU comprising the first TTNB, or a reference PDU for the first TTNB.
[0185] Alternatively, in some implementations, the arrival time information of the first data burst may indicate SFN timing that represents the absolute time. For example, the SFN timing may be a time difference relative to the initial SFN boundary (SFN =0) . For another example, the SFN timing may be SFN and at least one of slot number or symbol number relative to the initial SFN boundary (SFN =0) . In case of time non-synchronization between the first network node 210 and the second network node 220, the first network node 210 may transmit the SFN timing in the first network node 210 together with the SFN offset between first network node 210 and second network node 220 to the second network node 220, or the first network node 210 may calculate the SFN timing of the second network node 220 according to the SFN offset between the first network node 210 and the second network node 220 and transmit the SFN timing of the second network node 220 to the second network node 220.
[0186] Alternatively, in some implementations, the arrival time information of the first data burst may indicate a time duration during which a PDU in the first data burst is buffered by the first network node 210. The time duration may indicate how long the PDU has been buffered in the first network node 210 until the first network node 210 transmits 1230 the arrival time information of the first data burst to the second network node 220. In such implementations, the PDU may comprise one of the following in the first data burst: a start PDU, an end PDU, the first PDU comprising the first TTNB, or a reference PDU for the first TTNB.
[0187] In some implementations, the second network node 220 may determine passed TTNB based on the arrival time information of the first data burst. In turn, the second network node 220 may determine a difference between the second TTNB and the passed TTNB as the remaining TTNB.
[0188] In some implementations, the first network node 210 may forward, to the second network node 220, a second PDU in the first data burst which was received from the core network 106. The passed TTNB may be equal to a first difference between time when the second PDU arrives at the second network node 220 and time indicated by the arrival time information of the first data burst.
[0189] Alternatively, in some implementations, the passed TTNB may be equal to a third difference between time when the arrival time information of the first data burst arrives at the second network node 220 and time indicated by the arrival time information of the first data burst.
[0190] Alternatively, in some implementations, the passed TTNB may be equal to time indicated by the arrival time information of the first data burst. In such implementations, the arrival time information of the first data burst may indicate a time duration during which a PDU in the first data burst is buffered by the first network node 210. For example, the time duration may indicate how long the PDU has been buffered in the first network node 210 until the first network node 210 transmits 1230 the arrival time information of the first data burst to the second network node 220. The passed TTNB may be equal to the time duration during which the PDU in the first data burst is buffered by the first network node 210. In such implementations, the PDU may comprise one of the following in the first data burst: a start PDU, an end PDU, the first PDU comprising the first TTNB, or a reference PDU for the first TTNB.
[0191] Upon determining the remaining TTNB, the second network node 220 schedules 1250 the UE 104 based on the remaining TTNB.
[0192] In some implementations, for UL data transmission, it is also possible that the UE 104 can obtain or predict TTNB. If the UE 104 provides the TTNB to a network node, the network node may use it for scheduling optimization. This will be described with reference to Fig. 13.
[0193] Fig. 13 illustrates a signaling diagram illustrating an example process 1300 that supports handling of TTNB in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the process 1300 will be described with reference to Fig. 2. The process 1300 may involve the UE 104 and the first network node 210 in Fig. 2.
[0194] As shown in Fig. 13, the UE 104 determines 1310 TTNB. The TTNB indicates a time interval between a first data burst and a second data burst subsequent to the first data burst, or the TTNB indicates time when the second data burst is generated by the UE 104.
[0195] In turn, the UE 104 transmits 1320 the TTNB to the first network node 210.
[0196] Upon receiving the TTNB, the first network node 210 schedules 1330 the UE 104 based on the TTNB.
[0197] With the process 1300, the first network node 210 may optimize scheduling of the UE 104 based on the TTNB. In addition, the first network node 210 may use the TTNB for power saving of the UE 104.
[0198] In some implementations, the TTNB may indicate the time interval between the first data burst and the second data burst by indicating a time interval between uplink transmission of a reference PDU in the first data burst and uplink transmission of a start PDU in the second data burst. The reference PDU may be any PDU in the first data burst. For example, the reference PDU may be an end PDU or a start PDU in the first data burst.
[0199] Alternatively, in some implementations, the TTNB may indicate the time interval between the first data burst and the second data burst by indicating relative time to a reference system frame number (SFN) . For example, the reference SFN may be an initial SFN boundary (e.g., SFN =0) .
[0200] Alternatively, in some implementations, the TTNB may indicate the time interval between the first data burst and the second data burst by indicating relative time to the reference SFN and a slot number.
[0201] Alternatively, in some implementations, the TTNB may indicate the time interval between the first data burst and the second data burst by indicating relative time to the reference SFN, a slot number and a symbol number.
[0202] Alternatively, in some implementations, the TTNB may indicate the time interval between the first data burst and the second data burst by indicating relative time to a reference PDU in the first data burst. The reference PDU may be any PDU in the first data burst. For example, the reference PDU may be an end PDU or a start PDU in the first data burst. For another example, the reference PDU may be the first PDU received together with the TTNB.
[0203] Alternatively, in some implementations, the TTNB may indicate absolute time when the second data burst is generated at the UE 104, e.g., for UL data transmission.
[0204] In some implementations, since the TTNB is dynamic information, the UE 104 may transmit, to the first network node 210, a medium access control control element (MAC CE) comprising the TTNB. In this way, the latency due to processing of the TTNB may be reduced. Hereinafter, the MAC CE comprising the TTNB is also referred to as a TTNB Report MAC CE for brevity.
[0205] In some implementations, when an access stratum (AS) layer (e.g. PDCP or MAC layer) of the UE 104 receives the TTNB from a higher layer (e.g., application layer) of the UE 104, the UE 104 may transmit the TTNB Report MAC CE.
[0206] In some implementations, the TTNB Report MAC CE may further comprise at least one of the following which the second data burst belongs to: an identity or index of a quality of service (QoS) flow, an identity or index of a logical channel group, or an identity or index of a DRB.
[0207] In some implementations, the UE 104 may trigger, based on determine at least one of the following, a TTNB reporting procedure to transmit the TTNB: the TTNB arrives at an AS layer of the UE 104, the second data burst belongs to a first logical channel with a first priority higher than a second priority of any logical channel having further TTNB to be reported, or none of logical channels which belong to a logical channel group has the further TTNB to be reported.
[0208] In some implementations, if the TTNB reporting procedure determines that at least one TTNB Report MAC CE has been triggered and not cancelled, and if UL-SCH resources are available for a new transmission and the UL-SCH resources can accommodate the TTNB report MAC CE plus its subheader as a result of logical channel prioritization, an MAC entity of the UE 104 shall instruct the Multiplexing and Assembly procedure to generate the TTNB Report MAC CE.
[0209] In some implementations, all triggered TTNB Report MAC CE shall be cancelled when a MAC PDU is transmitted and this PDU includes the corresponding TTNB Report MAC CE.
[0210] In some implementations, the UE 104 may update the TTNB based on the TTNB and time when the TTNB is transmitted. The UE 104 may transmit the updated TTNB to the first network node 210. The updated TTNB value is the time to the next data burst at the time of the first symbol of the first PUSCH transmission that includes this MAC CE.
[0211] It shall be understood that the UE 104 may perform a process similar to the process 1300 to transmit the TTNB to the second network node 220.
[0212] Fig. 14 illustrates an example of a device 1400 that supports Handling of TTNB in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1400 may be an example of a network entity 102 or a UE 104 as described herein. The device 1400 may support wireless communication with one or more network entities 102, UEs 104, or any combination thereof. The device 1400 may include components for bi-directional communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a processor 1402, a memory 1404, a transceiver 1406, and, optionally, an I / O controller 1408. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0213] The processor 1402, the memory 1404, the transceiver 1406, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. For example, the processor 1402, the memory 1404, the transceiver 1406, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the operations described herein.
[0214] In some implementations, the processor 1402, the memory 1404, the transceiver 1006, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some implementations, the processor 1402 and the memory 1404 coupled with the processor 1402 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 1402, instructions stored in the memory 1404) .
[0215] For example, the processor 1402 may support wireless communication at the device 1400 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 1402 may be configured to operable to support a means for performing the following: receiving, from a core network, a first GTP-U extension header together with a first PDU in a first data burst, wherein the first GTP-U extension header comprises first TTNB, the first TTNB indicates a time interval between the first data burst and a second data burst subsequent to the first data burst, or the first TTNB indicates time when the second data burst is generated; and transmitting a second GTP-U extension header to a second network node, wherein the second GTP-U extension header comprises second TTNB, the second TTNB is the same as the first TTNB or less than the first TTNB.
[0216] Alternatively, in some implementations, the processor 1402 may be configured to operable to support a means for performing the following: receiving a second GTP-U extension header from a first network node or a core network, wherein the second GTP-U extension header comprises second TTNB, wherein the second TTNB is the same as first TTNB or less than the first TTNB, the first TTNB indicates a time interval between a first data burst and a second data burst subsequent to the first data burst, or the first TTNB indicates time when the second data burst is generated; and scheduling a UE based on the second TTNB.
[0217] Alternatively, in some implementations, the processor 1402 may be configured to operable to support a means for performing the following: determining TTNB, wherein the TTNB indicates a time interval between a first data burst and a second data burst subsequent to the first data burst, or the TTNB indicates time when the second data burst is generated by the UE; and transmitting the TTNB to a network node.
[0218] The processor 1402 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 1402 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other implementations, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 1402. The processor 1402 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 1404) to cause the device 1400 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0219] The memory 1404 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The memory 1404 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 1402 cause the device 1400 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some implementations, the code may not be directly executable by the processor 1402 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some implementations, the memory 1404 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0220] The I / O controller 1408 may manage input and output signals for the device 1400. The I / O controller 1408 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device M02. In some implementations, the I / O controller 1408 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some implementations, the I / O controller 1408 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. In some implementations, the I / O controller 1408 may be implemented as part of a processor, such as the processor 1406. In some implementations, a user may interact with the device 1400 via the I / O controller 1408 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 1408.
[0221] In some implementations, the device 1400 may include a single antenna 1410. However, in some other implementations, the device 1400 may have more than one antenna 1410 (i.e., multiple antennas) , including multiple antenna panels or antenna arrays, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 1406 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 1410, wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 1406 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 1406 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 1410 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 1410. The transceiver 1406 may include one or more transmit chains, one or more receive chains, or a combination thereof.
[0222] A transmit chain may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) . The transmit chain may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmit chain may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmit chain may also include one or more antennas 1410 for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0223] A receive chain may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receive chain may include one or more antennas 1410 for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receive chain may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receive chain may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receive chain may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0224] Fig. 15 illustrates an example of a processor 1500 that supports Handling of TTNB in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The processor 1500 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 1500 may include a controller 1502 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 1500 may optionally include at least one memory 1504, such as L1 / L2 / L3 cache. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 1500 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 1506. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0225] The processor 1500 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 1500) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) , and others) .
[0226] The controller 1502 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 1500 to cause the processor 1500 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 1502 may operate as a control unit of the processor 1500, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 1500. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.
[0227] The controller 1502 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 1504 and determine subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 1500 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 1502 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 1504. The controller 1502 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 1502 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 1500 to cause the processor 1500 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 1502 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 1500. The controller 1502 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs) , and other functional units of the processor 1500.
[0228] The memory 1504 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 1500 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementation, the memory 1504 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 1500) . In some other implementations, the memory 1504 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 1500) .
[0229] The memory 1504 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 1500, cause the processor 1500 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 1502 and / or the processor 1500 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 1504 to cause the processor 1500 to perform various functions. For example, the processor 1500 and / or the controller 1502 may be coupled with or to the memory 1504, the processor 1500, the controller 1502, and the memory 1504 may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 1500 may include multiple processors and the memory 1504 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.
[0230] The one or more ALUs 1506 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementation, the one or more ALUs 1506 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 1500) . In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 1506 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 1500) . One or more ALUs 1506 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 1506 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 1506 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 1506 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 1506 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.
[0231] The processor 1500 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 1500 may be configured to operable to support a means for performing the following: receiving, from a core network, a first GTP-U extension header together with a first PDU in a first data burst, wherein the first GTP-U extension header comprises first TTNB, the first TTNB indicates a time interval between the first data burst and a second data burst subsequent to the first data burst, or the first TTNB indicates time when the second data burst is generated; and transmitting a second GTP-U extension header to a second network node, wherein the second GTP-U extension header comprises second TTNB, the second TTNB is the same as the first TTNB or less than the first TTNB.
[0232] Alternatively, in some implementations, the processor 1500 may be configured to operable to support a means for performing the following: receiving a second GTP-U extension header from a first network node or a core network, wherein the second GTP-U extension header comprises second TTNB, wherein the second TTNB is the same as first TTNB or less than the first TTNB, the first TTNB indicates a time interval between a first data burst and a second data burst subsequent to the first data burst, or the first TTNB indicates time when the second data burst is generated; and scheduling a UE based on the second TTNB.
[0233] Alternatively, in some implementations, the processor 1500 may be configured to operable to support a means for performing the following: determining TTNB, wherein the TTNB indicates a time interval between a first data burst and a second data burst subsequent to the first data burst, or the TTNB indicates time when the second data burst is generated by the UE; and transmitting the TTNB to a network node.
[0234] Fig. 16 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1600 that supports Handling of TTNB in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1600 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1600 may be performed by the first network node 210 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0235] At 1610, the method may include receiving, from a core network, a first GTP-U extension header together with a first PDU in a first data burst. The first GTP-U extension header comprises first TTNB. The first TTNB indicates a time interval between the first data burst and a second data burst subsequent to the first data burst, or the first TTNB indicates time when the second data burst is generated. The operations of 1610 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1610 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 1 or 2.
[0236] At 1620, the method may include transmitting a second GTP-U extension header to a second network node. The second GTP-U extension header comprises second TTNB. The second TTNB is the same as the first TTNB or less than the first TTNB. The operations of 1620 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1620 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 1 or 2.
[0237] Fig. 17 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1700 that supports Handling of TTNB in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1700 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1700 may be performed by the second network node 220 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0238] At 1710, the method may include receiving a second GTP-U extension header from a first network node or a core network. The second GTP-U extension header comprises second TTNB. The second TTNB is the same as first TTNB or less than the first TTNB. The first TTNB indicates a time interval between a first data burst and a second data burst subsequent to the first data burst, or the first TTNB indicates time when the second data burst is generated. The operations of 1710 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1710 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 1 or 2.
[0239] At 1720, the method may include scheduling a UE based on the second TTNB. The operations of 1720 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1720 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 1 or 2.
[0240] Fig. 18 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1800 that supports Handling of TTNB in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1800 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1800 may be performed by the UE 104 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0241] At 1810, the method may include determining TTNB. The TTNB indicates a time interval between a first data burst and a second data burst subsequent to the first data burst, or the TTNB indicates time when the second data burst is generated by the UE. The operations of 1810 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1810 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 1 or 2.
[0242] At 1820, the method may include transmitting the TTNB to a network node. The operations of 1820 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1820 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 1 or 2.
[0243] It shall be noted that implementations of the present disclosure which have been described with reference to Figs. 1 to 13 are also applicable to the device 1400, the processor 1500 as well as the methods 1600, 1700 and 1800.
[0244] It should be noted that the methods described herein describes possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0245] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
[0246] The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0247] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor.
[0248] As used herein, including in the claims, an article “a” before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to “at least one” of those elements or “one or more” of those elements. The terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” or “one or both of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a “set” may include one or more elements.
[0249] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A first network node, comprising:a processor; anda transceiver coupled to the processor,wherein the processor is configured to:receive, via the transceiver from a core network, a first General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Tunnel Protocol-User Plane (GTP-U) extension header together with a first protocol data unit (PDU) in a first data burst, wherein the first GTP-U extension header comprises first time to next burst (TTNB) , the first TTNB indicates a time interval between the first data burst and a second data burst subsequent to the first data burst, or the first TTNB indicates time when the second data burst is generated; andtransmit a second GTP-U extension header via the transceiver to a second network node, wherein the second GTP-U extension header comprises second TTNB, the second TTNB is the same as the first TTNB or less than the first TTNB.2.The first network node of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:determine remaining TTNB based on the first TTNB and arrival time information of the first data burst; andwherein the second TTNB comprises the remaining TTNB.3.The first network node of claim 2, wherein determining the remaining TTNB is further configured to:forward, via the transceiver to the second network node, a second PDU in the first data burst received from the core network;determine a first difference between time when the second PDU is forwarded by the first network node and time indicated by the arrival time information of the first data burst; anddetermine a second difference between the first TTNB and the first difference as the remaining TTNB.4.The first network node of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:transmit arrival time information of the first data burst via the transceiver to the second network node.5.The first network node of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to transmit the second TTNB by:transmitting the second GTP-U extension header together with a third PDU in the first data burst via the transceiver to the second network node, wherein the third PDU has not been transmitted to a user equipment (UE) successfully by the first network node.6.The first network node of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to transmit the second TTNB by:transmitting the second GTP-U extension header together with the first PDU via the transceiver to the second network node.7.The first network node of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to transmit the second TTNB by:transmitting the second GTP-U extension header without user data via the transceiver to the second network node.8.A second network node, comprising:a processor; anda transceiver coupled to the processor,wherein the processor is configured to:receive a second General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Tunnel Protocol-User Plane (GTP-U) extension header via the transceiver from a first network node or a core network, wherein the second GTP-U extension header comprises second time to next burst (TTNB) , wherein the second TTNB is the same as first TTNB or less than the first TTNB, the first TTNB indicates a time interval between a first data burst and a second data burst subsequent to the first data burst, or the first TTNB indicates time when the second data burst is generated; andschedule a user equipment (UE) based on the second TTNB.9.The second network node of claim 8, wherein the processor is configured to schedule the UE based on the second TTNB by:receiving, via the transceiver from the first network node, arrival time information of the first data burst;determining remaining TTNB based on the second TTNB and the arrival time information of the first data burst; andscheduling the UE based on the remaining TTNB.10.The second network node of claim 9, wherein the arrival time information of the first data burst indicates one of the following:absolute time when a PDU in the first data burst arrives at the first network node;system frame number timing that represents the absolute time; ora time duration in which the PDU is buffered by the first network node.11.The second network node of claim 8, wherein the processor is configured to receive the second GTP-U extension header comprising the second TTNB by:receiving the second GTP-U extension header together with a third PDU in the first data burst via the transceiver from the first network node, wherein the third PDU has not been transmitted to a user equipment (UE) successfully by the first network node.12.The second network node of claim 8, wherein the processor is configured to receive the second GTP-U extension header comprising the second TTNB by:receiving the second GTP-U extension header together with a first PDU via the transceiver from the first network node, wherein the first PDU has been transmitted to the first network node together with the first TTNB.13.The second network node of claim 8, wherein the processor is configured to receive the second GTP-U extension header comprising the second TTNB by:receiving, via the transceiver from the first network node, the second GTP-U header without user data.14.A user equipment (UE) , comprising:a processor; anda transceiver coupled to the processor,wherein the processor is configured to:determine time to next burst (TTNB) , wherein the TTNB indicates a time interval between a first data burst and a second data burst subsequent to the first data burst, or the TTNB indicates time when the second data burst is generated by the UE; andtransmit the TTNB via the transceiver to a network node.15.The UE of claim 14, wherein the processor is configured to transmit the TTNB by:transmitting, via the transceiver to the network node, a medium access control control element (MAC CE) comprising the TTNB.16.The UE of claim 15, wherein the MAC CE further comprises at least one of the following which the second data burst belongs to:an identity or index of a quality of service (QoS) flow,an identity or index of a logical channel group, oran identity or index of a data radio bearer (DRB) .17.The UE of claim 15, wherein the processor is further configured to:trigger, based on determining at least one of the following, a TTNB reporting procedure to transmit the TTNB:the TTNB arrives at an access stratum (AS) layer of the UE,the second data burst belongs to a first logical channel with a first priority higher than a second priority of any logical channel having further TTNB to be reported, ornone of logical channels which belong to a logical channel group has the further TTNB to be reported.18.The UE of claim 14, wherein the TTNB indicates one of the following:absolute time when the second data burst arrives at the network node,relative time to at least one of a reference system frame number, a slot or a symbol, orrelative time to a PDU in the first data burst.19.The UE of claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to:update the TTNB based on the TTNB and time when the TTNB is transmitted; andwherein the processor is configured to transmit the TTNB by transmitting the updated TTNB.20.A processor for wireless communication, comprising:at least one memory; anda controller coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the controller to:determine time to next burst (TTNB) , wherein the TTNB indicates a time interval between a first data burst and a second data burst subsequent to the first data burst, or the TTNB indicates time when the second data burst is generated by the UE; andtransmit the TTNB via the transceiver to a network node.
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