Source-grid-load-hydrogen storage multi-stage planning method and system considering flexible resources

Abstract

A source-grid-load-hydrogen storage multi-stage planning method and system considering flexible resources, relating to the technical field of source-grid-load-hydrogen storage system planning. The method comprises: collecting source-grid-load-hydrogen storage data for data preprocessing; constructing a flexibility supply and demand characteristic model and a source-grid-load-hydrogen storage multi-stage dynamic planning model; calling a solver to solve the source-grid-load-hydrogen storage multi-stage dynamic planning model to obtain an optimal solution; and outputting a multi-stage source-grid-load-hydrogen storage investment result, a multi-stage source-grid-load-hydrogen storage operation policy, and a multi-stage flexibility supply evaluation result within a planning period. Using the minimization of investment costs, operation costs, and insufficient flexibility penalty costs within the whole planning period as target functions, various constraints such as a new energy permeability constraint and a load loss rate constraint are introduced, a dynamic planning method is proposed, and a source-grid-load-hydrogen storage multi-stage planning solution that has sufficiently economical planning operation and is sufficiently flexible is obtained. According to a processing method based on piecewise linearization, the model is simplified, and the computation speed is increased.

Description

A multi-stage planning method and system for source-grid-load hydrogen storage taking into account flexibility resources Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of source-grid-load hydrogen storage system planning, and specifically to a source-grid-load hydrogen storage multi-stage planning method and system taking flexibility resources into account. Background Art

[0002] As the construction of a new power system and the pursuit of the "dual carbon" goals continue to advance, the proportion of installed capacity from renewable energy sources, represented by wind power and photovoltaics, is rapidly increasing, posing numerous risks and challenges to power system planning and operation. On the one hand, due to limitations in site and land acquisition, renewable energy construction faces a mismatch between site selection and load centers, resulting in challenging new energy absorption in many regions. On the other hand, the high uncertainty and volatility of wind and solar power output exacerbates the volatility of the grid's net load, posing challenges to power system planning, such as mismatched source-load timing and limited flexibility.

[0003] To address the mismatch between power sources and loads, existing technologies employ coordinated planning from the perspectives of source-source complementarity, source-grid coordination, and grid-load-storage interaction. This approach aims to achieve coordinated complementarity among the system's available resources, expand the grid's capacity to absorb power, and ensure the matching of both supply and demand. With the rapid development of hydrogen production technology, hydrogen energy has garnered considerable attention. As a highly efficient secondary energy source with diverse conversion forms, hydrogen can be coupled and complemented with electricity to form a hydrogen-driven energy utilization architecture. While existing technologies address coordinated planning from the perspectives of source, grid, load, and storage, they overlook the coupled and complementary nature of hydrogen energy and its enormous value on both the power source and load sides. On the power source side, hydrogen production technology effectively promotes the absorption of new energy sources, while on the load side, hydrogen storage and hydrogen fuel cells provide the system with abundant flexible scheduling resources. Therefore, in the construction of new power systems, how to coordinate electricity-hydrogen coupled equipment such as water electrolysis units, hydrogen storage units, and hydrogen fuel cells with resources with diverse characteristics, such as conventional power sources, new energy sources, the grid, demand response devices, and energy storage, and achieve coordinated and optimized planning for source, grid, load, and hydrogen storage is of great significance for optimizing the system's energy architecture and promoting the absorption of new energy sources.

[0004] To address the issue of limited flexibility resources, existing technologies often leverage the regulatory role of system flexibility resources to improve overall flexibility. However, these technologies primarily focus on the participation of thermal power units, gas turbines, and energy storage devices in balancing flexibility supply and demand on the power supply side, while neglecting analysis of the flexibility supply capabilities of electricity-hydrogen coupling equipment and demand response resources on the load side. Furthermore, existing technologies often examine system flexibility resources from the perspective of optimal scheduling. It is necessary to establish system flexibility supply and demand characteristics and flexibility evaluation models within the planning timeframe to achieve optimal allocation of flexibility resources in the multi-stage power system.

[0005] Currently, technologies such as renewable energy generation, energy storage, and hydrogen production are experiencing rapid development. Construction costs for renewable energy wind and solar power, energy storage devices, and electricity-hydrogen coupling equipment continue to decline. Large-scale optimization using single-stage static planning will impact the economic operation of the system. Therefore, it is necessary to consider multiple flexibility resources, establish flexibility supply and demand characteristics and flexibility evaluation models over the planning timescale, and research multi-stage dynamic planning methods for source, grid, load, and hydrogen storage that take flexibility resources into account. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention is proposed.

[0007] Therefore, the technical problem solved by the present invention is: to propose an integrated collaborative optimization planning framework for source, grid, load and hydrogen storage, to promote the deep coupling of electric energy and hydrogen energy in the power system, to optimize the energy utilization architecture of the power system, to effectively improve the new energy absorption capacity, power supply capacity and flexibility supply capacity; to establish flexibility supply and demand characteristics and flexibility evaluation models, to effectively quantify the flexibility supply capacity in the power system optimization planning process.

[0008] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a multi-stage planning method for source-grid-load-storage hydrogen taking into account flexibility resources, which comprises the following steps:

[0009] Collect source grid load hydrogen storage data for data preprocessing.

[0010] Construct a flexible supply and demand characteristic model and a multi-stage dynamic planning model of source, grid, load and storage hydrogen.

[0011] The solver is called to solve the source-grid-load-storage multi-stage dynamic programming model to obtain the optimal solution.

[0012] Output the multi-stage source-grid-load-storage hydrogen investment results, multi-stage source-grid-load-storage hydrogen operation strategies and multi-stage flexibility supply evaluation results within the planning period.

[0013] As a preferred solution of the multi-stage planning method of source, grid, load and hydrogen storage taking into account flexibility resources described in the present invention, the source, grid, load and hydrogen storage data include the new energy penetration rate, load loss rate, the demand for upward and downward adjustment of flexibility resources for wind power prediction error, the demand for upward and downward adjustment of flexibility resources for photovoltaic power prediction error, power supply parameters, grid parameters, load parameters, energy storage parameters and electricity-hydrogen coupling unit parameters at different stages.

[0014] The power supply parameters include retired operating parameters of thermal power units, investment operating parameters of new energy units, investment operating parameters of gas turbines, and predicted output data of new energy units.

[0015] The grid parameters include grid structure and transmission line investment and operation parameters.

[0016] The load parameters include demand response device investment and operation parameters and system load demand forecast data;

[0017] The energy storage parameters include investment and operation parameters of the energy storage device.

[0018] The parameters of the electric-hydrogen coupling unit include investment and operation parameters of the water electrolysis device, investment and operation parameters of the hydrogen storage device, and investment and operation parameters of the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0019] The data preprocessing is to perform outlier processing on the collected data, use the outlier detection algorithm of machine learning to identify and correct or delete abnormal points and erroneous values ​​in the data, and perform interpolation processing on the data to fill the missing values ​​in the data set.

[0020] As a preferred solution of the multi-stage planning method of source, grid, load and storage hydrogen taking into account flexibility resources described in the present invention, the flexibility supply and demand characteristic model includes a flexibility demand characteristic model and a flexibility resource supply characteristic model.

[0021] The flexibility resource supply characteristic model includes a thermal power unit flexibility supply model, a gas unit flexibility supply model, an energy storage device flexibility supply model, a water electrolysis device flexibility supply model, a hydrogen fuel cell flexibility supply model, and a load demand response flexibility supply model.

[0022] The flexibility demand characteristic model is expressed as follows:

[0023] in, are the flexibility demand values ​​of the system at the tth moment in the ηth stage, and P d,t+1,η is the net load after considering the demand response of load d at time t in stage η, λ u ,λ d are the demands of the electricity load forecast error on the flexibility resources for adjustment up and down, are the maximum power predictions of wind farm w and photovoltaic power station v within the optimization period, are the predicted power of wind farm w and photovoltaic power station v at the tth moment in the ηth stage, ω u,η 、ω d,η are the demands of upward and downward adjustment of flexibility resources due to wind power forecast error in stage η, α u,η , α d,η are the demands for upward and downward adjustment of flexibility resources due to the photovoltaic power forecast error in stage η, respectively.

[0024] The flexibility supply model of the thermal power unit is expressed as follows:

[0025] in, are the upward and downward supply provided by thermal power unit i at time t in stage η, are the upper and lower limits of the output of thermal power unit i, ΔP i is the ramp rate of thermal power unit i, P i,t,η is the power generation power of thermal power unit i at the tth moment in the ηth stage, Δt is the optimization period, is a binary variable representing the operating status of the existing thermal power unit i in the ηth stage, y i,η is the construction status of thermal power unit i in the ηth stage, E G is the set of existing thermal power units, C G A collection of candidate investment facilities for thermal power units.

[0026] The flexibility supply model of the gas turbine unit is expressed as follows:

[0027] in, are the upward and downward supply provided by the gas turbine m at the tth moment in the ηth stage, are the upper and lower limits of the output of gas turbine m, ΔP m is the ramp rate of gas turbine m, P m,t,η is the power generation of gas turbine m at the tth moment in the ηth stage, Δt is the optimization period, y m,η is the construction status of the gas turbine m in the ηth stage, C M A collection of candidate investment facilities for gas turbines.

[0028] The energy storage device flexibility supply model is expressed as:

[0029] in, are the upward and downward supply provided by the energy storage device k at the tth moment in the ηth stage, are the minimum and maximum charge states of the energy storage device k, S k,t,η is the state of charge of the energy storage device k at the tth moment in the nth stage, are the discharge and charge efficiencies of the energy storage device k, is the maximum capacity of the energy storage device k, are the maximum discharge and charging powers of energy storage device k, are the discharge and charging power of energy storage device k at the tth moment in the ηth stage, y k,η is the construction status of energy storage device k in the ηth stage, C S A collection of candidate investment facilities for energy storage devices.

[0030] The flexibility supply model of the water electrolysis device is expressed as follows:

[0031] in, are the upward and downward supply provided by the water electrolysis device in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h at the tth moment in the nth stage, is the power consumption of the water electrolysis device in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h at the tth moment in the ηth stage, are the upper and lower limits of the power consumption of the water electrolysis device in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h, is the efficiency of the electrolyzer in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h, is the hydrogen production rate of the electrolyzer in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h, is the hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage device in the electric-hydrogen coupling unit h at the tth moment in the nth stage, is the upper limit of the hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage device in the electric-hydrogen coupling unit h, C H is the set of candidate investment facilities for the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit, y h,η It is the construction status of the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h in the ηth stage.

[0032] The hydrogen fuel cell flexibility supply model is expressed as:

[0033] in, and are the up and down supply provided by the unit hydrogen fuel cell at the tth moment in the nth stage, is the power generation efficiency of the hydrogen fuel cell in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h, is the amount of hydrogen required to generate unit electrical energy by the hydrogen fuel cell in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h, is the upper and lower limits of the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h, ΔP h is the maximum ramp power of the hydrogen fuel cell in the electric-hydrogen coupling unit h, is the power generation power of the hydrogen fuel cell in the electric-hydrogen coupling unit h at the tth moment in the ηth stage, Δt is the optimization period, C H is the set of candidate investment facilities for the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit, y h,η It is the construction status of the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h in the ηth stage.

[0034] The load demand response flexibility supply model is expressed as follows:

[0035] in, are the upward and downward supply provided by the demand response device d at time t in stage η, respectively. is the predicted load of load d at time t in stage η, is the maximum load value of load d at the tth moment in the ηth stage, β d,t,η ∈[0,1], represents the demand response participation of load d at time t in stage η, is the demand response amount of the demand response device d at the tth moment in the ηth stage.

[0036] The quantitative model of system flexibility supply is expressed as:

[0037] in, They are the upward and downward supply of the system at moment t in stage η, respectively.

[0038] The flexibility evaluation model is expressed as:

[0039] in, They are respectively the upward flexibility supply margin and downward flexibility supply margin of the system at the tth moment in the ηth stage.

[0040] As a preferred solution of the multi-stage planning method of source, grid, load and hydrogen storage taking into account flexibility resources described in the present invention, the multi-stage dynamic planning model of source, grid, load and hydrogen storage takes minimizing the investment cost, operating cost and flexibility deficiency penalty fee in the entire planning period as the objective function, and coordinates expansion investment constraints, thermal power unit retirement constraints, flow constraints, thermal power unit operation constraints, new energy unit operation constraints, gas turbine operation constraints, energy storage device operation constraints, demand response device operation constraints, electricity-hydrogen coupling unit operation constraints, new energy penetration constraints and load loss rate constraints as constraints.

[0041] As a preferred embodiment of the multi-stage planning method for source-grid-load-storage hydrogen storage taking into account flexibility resources described in the present invention, the expression for the objective function of minimizing the investment cost, operating cost, and flexibility deficiency penalty fee during the entire planning period is:

[0042] Among them, η is the index of the planning and construction stage, γ is the inflation rate, is the investment cost of the first stage, is the operating cost of the ηth stage, Penalty fee for insufficient flexibility in stage η.

[0043] As a preferred solution of the multi-stage planning method for source, grid, load and storage of hydrogen taking into account flexibility resources described in the present invention, the investment cost includes the investment and construction costs of thermal power units, wind farms, photovoltaic power stations, gas turbines, transmission lines, energy storage devices, demand response devices and electricity-hydrogen coupling units, and is expressed as follows:

[0044] where η and t are the indices of the planning stage and time, respectively; i, w, v, m, l, d, k, and h are the indices of thermal power units, wind farms, photovoltaic power plants, gas turbines, transmission lines, demand response devices, energy storage devices, and electricity-hydrogen coupling units, respectively; C G 、C W 、C V 、C M 、C L 、C D 、C S and C H The candidate investment facilities are thermal power units, wind farms, photovoltaic power stations, gas turbines, transmission lines, demand response devices, energy storage devices and electricity-hydrogen coupling units. and are the new construction costs of thermal power unit i, wind farm w, photovoltaic power station v, gas turbine m, transmission line l, energy storage device k, demand response device d, and electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h in the ηth stage, respectively, and y i,η 、y w,η 、y v,η 、y m,η 、y l,η 、y d,η 、y k,η and y h,η They are the commissioning status of thermal power unit i, wind farm w, photovoltaic power station v, gas turbine m, transmission line l, energy storage device k, demand response device d and electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h in the ηth stage respectively.

[0045] The operating costs include the operating costs of thermal power units, new energy units, gas turbines, energy storage, demand response, electricity-hydrogen coupling units, and demand response, and are expressed as follows:

[0046] Among them, T D,η is the duration of the first stage, F i is the fuel cost curve of thermal power unit i, and They are the unit output operation and maintenance cost of wind farm w, the unit output operation and maintenance cost of photovoltaic power station v, the unit output operation and maintenance cost of gas turbine m, the unit charge and discharge power operation and maintenance cost of energy storage device k, and the unit demand response cost of demand response device d in the ηth stage, and are the operation and maintenance cost per unit input power of the electrolyzer in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h, the operation and maintenance cost per unit output power of the hydrogen fuel cell, and the storage and release cost per unit hydrogen volume in the hydrogen storage device in the ηth stage, respectively. i,t,ηis the output of thermal power unit i at the tth moment in the ηth stage, P w,t,η is the actual output of wind farm w at the tth moment in the ηth phase, P v,t,η is the actual output of the photovoltaic power station v at the tth moment in the ηth stage, P m,t,η is the power generation power of gas turbine m at the tth moment in the ηth stage, are the charging and discharging power of the energy storage device at the tth moment in the ηth stage, is the demand response amount of the demand response device d at the tth moment in the nth stage, is the input power of the electrolyzer in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h at the tth moment in the ηth stage, is the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h at the tth moment in the nth stage, are the hydrogen production of the electrolyzer in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h and the hydrogen consumption of the hydrogen fuel cell at the tth moment in the ηth stage, respectively.

[0047] The flexibility deficiency penalty fee is expressed as:

[0048] in, Penalty cost for insufficient unit flexibility, Provides sufficient flexibility for the upward adjustment of the system at time t in stage η, Provide sufficient flexibility for the system's downward adjustment at time t in stage η.

[0049] As a preferred solution of the multi-stage planning method of source-grid-load-storage hydrogen storage taking into account flexibility resources described in the present invention, the coordinated expansion investment constraint is expressed as: y i,(η-1) ≤y i,η ,i∈C G y w,(η-1) ≤y w,η ,w∈C W y v,(η-1) ≤y v,η ,v∈C V y m,(η-1) ≤y m,η ,m∈C M y l,(η-1) ≤y l,η ,l∈C L y d,(η-1) ≤y d,η ,d∈C D y k,(η-1) ≤y k,η ,k∈C K y h,(η-1) ≤y h,η ,h∈C H

[0050] Among them, y i,η 、y w,η 、y v,η 、y m,η 、y l,η 、y d,η 、y k,η and y h,η They are the commissioning status of thermal power unit i, wind farm w, photovoltaic power station v, gas turbine m, transmission line l, energy storage device k, demand response device d and electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h in the ηth stage respectively.

[0051] The retirement constraint of thermal power units is expressed as:

[0052] Among them, E G It is a collection of existing thermal power units; is a binary variable representing the operating status of the existing thermal power unit i in the ηth stage, It is the decommissioning stage of the existing thermal power unit i.

[0053] The power flow constraint is expressed as: P l,t,η X l =(θ s(l),t,η -θ r(l),t,η ),l∈E L -(1-y l,η )M≤P l,t,η X l -(θ s(l),t,η -θ r(l),t,η )≤(1-y l,η )M,l∈C L

[0054] Where N(b) is a set of devices connected to node b, s(l) and r(l) represent the sending and receiving busbars of transmission line l, respectively. l is the reactance of the transmission line l, M is a very large number, P l,t,η and θ b,t,η are the power flow of transmission line l and the phase angle of bus b at the tth moment in the ηth stage, P i,t,η is the output of thermal power unit i at the tth moment in the ηth stage, P w,t,η is the actual output of wind farm w at the tth moment in the ηth phase, P v,t,η is the actual output of the photovoltaic power station v at the tth moment in the ηth stage, P m,t,η is the power generation power of gas turbine m at the tth moment in the ηth stage, are the charging and discharging power of the energy storage device at the tth moment in the ηth stage, is the input power of the electrolyzer in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h at the tth moment in the ηth stage, is the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h at the tth moment in the ηth stage, P d,t,η is the planned load after considering the load d demand response at the tth moment in the ηth stage, E L is the set of existing transmission lines, is the upper limit of the power flow of transmission line l, is the maximum phase angle of busbar b, y l,η is the construction status of the transmission line 1 in the ηth stage.

[0055] The operation constraint of the thermal power unit is expressed as: -ΔP i ≤P i,t,η -P i,t,(η-1) ≤ΔP i ,i∈C G ∪E G

[0056] Among them, P i,t,η is the output of thermal power unit i at the tth moment in the ηth stage, is the output upper limit of thermal power unit i, ΔP i is the ramp power limit of thermal power unit i, is a binary variable representing the operating status of the existing thermal power unit i in the ηth stage, y i,η is the construction status of thermal power unit i in the ηth stage.

[0057] The operation constraint of the new energy unit is expressed as:

[0058] Among them, P w,t,η is the actual output of wind farm w at the tth moment in the ηth phase, P v,t,η is the actual output of the photovoltaic power station v at the tth moment in the ηth stage, are the predicted power of wind farm w and photovoltaic power station v at the tth moment in the ηth stage, respectively, w,η 、y v,η They are the construction status of wind farm w and photovoltaic power station v in the ηth stage respectively.

[0059] The gas turbine operation constraint is expressed as: -ΔP m ≤P m,t,η -P m,t,(η-1) ≤ΔP m ,m∈C M

[0060] in, are the upper and lower limits of the output of gas turbine m, ΔPm is the ramp rate limit of gas turbine m, P m,t,η is the power generation power of gas turbine m at the tth moment in the ηth stage, y m,η It is the construction status of the ηth stage gas turbine m.

[0061] The energy storage device operation constraint is expressed as: S k,1,η =S k,T,η ,k∈C S

[0062] Among them, S k,t,η is the state of charge of the energy storage device k at the tth moment in the ηth stage, ω k is the capacity loss rate of energy storage device k, are the charging and discharging efficiencies of the energy storage device k, are the discharge and charging powers of the energy storage device k at the tth moment in the ηth stage, Δt is the optimization period, are all 0-1 variables, indicating the charging and discharging status of the energy storage device k at the tth moment in the nth stage, are the upper limits of charge and discharge power of energy storage device k, y k,η is the construction status of the energy storage device k in the ηth stage.

[0063] The demand response device operation constraint is expressed as:

[0064] Among them, P d,t,η is the planned load after considering the load d demand response at time t in the ηth stage, is the predicted load of load d at time t in stage η, is the maximum load value of load d at the tth moment in the ηth stage, M is a very large constant, is the demand response amount of the demand response device d at the tth moment in the ηth stage, β d,t,η ∈[0,1], represents the demand response participation of load d at time t in stage η, is the annual demand response reduction limit of load d in stage η, y d,η is the construction status of the demand response device d in the ηth stage.

[0065] The operation constraints of the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit include the operation constraints of the electrolyzer, the operation constraints of the hydrogen storage device and the operation constraints of the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0066] The electrolytic cell operation constraint is expressed as:

[0067] in, is the efficiency of the electrolyzer in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h, is the hydrogen production rate of the electrolyzer in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h, is the power consumption of the water electrolysis device in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h at the tth moment in the ηth stage, are the upper and lower limits of the power consumption of the water electrolysis device in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h, and y h,η It is the construction status of the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h in the ηth stage.

[0068] The operating constraints of the hydrogen storage device are expressed as follows:

[0069] in, is the hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage device in the electric-hydrogen coupling unit h at the tth moment in the nth stage, is the efficiency of storing and releasing hydrogen energy of the hydrogen storage device in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h, is the hydrogen energy in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h transportation efficiency, are the upper and lower limits of the hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage device in the electric-hydrogen coupling unit h, are all 0-1 variables, indicating the hydrogen storage and release status of the hydrogen storage device in the electric-hydrogen coupling unit h at time t in the nth stage, are the upper limits of hydrogen storage capacity and release capacity of the hydrogen storage device in the electric-hydrogen coupling unit h, are the hydrogen production of the electrolyzer in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h and the hydrogen consumption of the hydrogen fuel cell at the tth moment in the ηth stage, respectively, and y h,η It is the construction status of the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h in the ηth stage.

[0070] The operating constraints of the hydrogen fuel cell are expressed as follows:

[0071] in, is the power generation power of the hydrogen fuel cell in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h at the tth moment in the nth stage, is the power generation efficiency of the hydrogen fuel cell in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h, is the amount of hydrogen required to generate unit electrical energy by the hydrogen fuel cell in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h, is the upper and lower limits of the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h, ΔP h is the maximum ramp power of the hydrogen fuel cell in the electric-hydrogen coupling unit h, y h,η It is the construction status of the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h in the ηth stage.

[0072] The new energy penetration rate constraint is expressed as:

[0073] Among them, T D,η is the duration of the ηth stage, P w,t,η is the actual output of wind farm w at the tth moment in the ηth phase, P v,t,η is the actual output of the photovoltaic power station v at the tth moment in the ηth stage, P d,t,η is the planned load after considering the load d demand response at time t in the ηth stage, σ max,η is the maximum new energy penetration rate of the system in the set ηth stage.

[0074] The load loss rate constraint is expressed as:

[0075] Among them, T D,η is the duration of the ηth stage, is the demand response amount of the demand response device d at the tth moment in the nth stage, is the predicted load of load d at time t in stage η, κ max,η is the maximum load loss rate of the system in the set ηth stage.

[0076] The multi-stage source-grid-load hydrogen storage investment results within the output planning period are optimized and solved based on the objective function, and the optimal solution is given to give an investment plan, and the multi-stage source-grid-load hydrogen storage operation strategy and multi-stage flexibility supply evaluation results of the corresponding plan are output.

[0077] Another object of the present invention is to provide a multi-stage planning system for source, grid, load, and hydrogen storage that takes into account flexible resources. This system can optimize the multi-stage development planning of the source, grid, load, and hydrogen storage system by integrating new energy power generation, transmission networks, load demand response, energy storage systems, and electricity-hydrogen coupling technology. By using data processing, model building, solution algorithms, and evaluation methods, it solves the problems of insufficient consideration of new energy uncertainty and low efficiency in flexible resource allocation and utilization in existing technologies. Through this system, the capacity to accept new energy can be effectively improved, the configuration and operation of energy storage and electricity-hydrogen coupling units can be optimized, the overall economy and reliability of the system can be improved, and the optimization of energy structure and green and low-carbon development can be promoted.

[0078] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a multi-stage planning system for source, grid, load and storage hydrogen taking into account flexibility resources, comprising: a data preprocessing module, a model building module, a solver calling module and a result output module.

[0079] The data preprocessing module collects source grid load hydrogen storage data, performs outlier processing on the collected data, uses a machine learning outlier detection algorithm to identify and correct or delete outliers and erroneous values ​​in the data, and fills in missing values ​​in the data set.

[0080] The model building module constructs a flexible supply and demand characteristic model and a source-grid-load-storage hydrogen multi-stage dynamic programming model after data preprocessing, and optimizes and solves the model by setting constraints to achieve the goal of minimizing total cost.

[0081] The solver calling module solves the constructed multi-stage dynamic programming model.

[0082] The result output module outputs the multi-stage source-grid-load hydrogen storage investment results, the multi-stage source-grid-load hydrogen storage operation strategy and the multi-stage flexibility supply evaluation results within the planning period after the solution is completed.

[0083] A computer device includes a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and when the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps of the above-mentioned method for multi-stage planning of source, grid, load and storage hydrogen taking into account flexibility resources.

[0084] A computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the above-mentioned method for multi-stage planning of source, grid, load and storage hydrogen taking into account flexibility resources.

[0085] Beneficial effects of the present invention: Under the boundary conditions of meeting the new energy penetration rate, load loss rate and flexibility requirements of different planning stages of the system, the present invention proposes a source-grid-load-storage-hydrogen integrated collaborative optimization planning framework, coordinates the available resources with different characteristics of the power system, optimizes the energy utilization architecture of the power system, and effectively improves the new energy absorption capacity, power supply capacity and flexibility supply capacity. On the basis of the coordinated optimization planning of source-grid-load-storage, considering the electric-hydrogen coupling equipment such as electrolyzers, hydrogen storage devices and hydrogen fuel cells, the overall investment and construction of key facilities of the electric-hydrogen coupling unit in the power system is studied, and the coupling scheduling potential of electric energy and hydrogen energy is fully utilized, which is conducive to promoting the new energy absorption and low-carbon operation of the power system. Taking into account various flexibility resources such as thermal power units, gas turbines, energy storage devices, electric-hydrogen coupling units and load demand response, a modeling method for flexibility supply and demand characteristics and flexibility evaluation indicators under the planning time scale is proposed, and a flexibility demand characteristic model, a flexibility resource supply characteristic model and a flexibility evaluation model are established respectively to effectively quantify the flexibility supply capacity in the power system optimization planning process. Taking the minimization of investment cost, operating cost and flexibility deficiency penalty fee during the entire planning cycle as the objective function, multiple constraints such as new energy penetration rate constraint and load loss rate constraint are introduced, and a multi-stage dynamic planning method for source, grid, load and storage hydrogen taking into account flexibility resources is proposed to obtain a multi-stage planning scheme for source, grid, load and storage hydrogen that meets the planning operation economy and flexibility. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0086] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for describing the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can also derive other drawings based on these drawings without inventive effort. Among them:

[0087] FIG1 is an overall flow chart of a multi-stage planning method for source-grid-load-storage hydrogen storage taking into account flexibility resources provided by a first embodiment of the present invention;

[0088] FIG2 is a basic planning framework of source-grid-load hydrogen storage taking into account flexibility resources in a multi-stage planning method for source-grid-load hydrogen storage taking into account flexibility resources provided by the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0089] 3 is a flowchart of a multi-stage planning method for source-grid-load hydrogen storage taking into account flexibility resources and a system implementation flow diagram of a multi-stage planning method for source-grid-load hydrogen storage taking into account flexibility resources provided by the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0090] FIG4 is a structural diagram of a multi-stage planning system for source, grid, load and storage of hydrogen taking into account flexibility resources provided by a second embodiment of the present invention;

[0091] FIG5 is a diagram of a traditional single-stage planning scenario of a source-grid-load-storage hydrogen multi-stage planning method taking flexibility resources into account provided by a third embodiment of the present invention;

[0092] Figure 6 is a scenario diagram of a multi-stage planning method of source, grid, and load hydrogen storage taking into account flexibility resources provided by the third embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0093] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the following detailed description of the specific embodiments of the present invention is given in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary persons in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0094] Example 1

[0095] 1 to 3 illustrate an embodiment of the present invention, which provides a multi-stage planning method for source-grid-load-storage hydrogen storage taking into account flexibility resources, characterized in that:

[0096] In the context of building a new power system and achieving the "dual carbon" goals, a multi-stage planning method and system for source-grid-load hydrogen storage that takes flexibility resources into account is proposed to address the problems of source-load timing mismatch and flexibility constraints caused by the integration of renewable energy into the power system. Referring to Figure 1, a basic planning framework for source-grid-load hydrogen storage that takes flexibility resources into account is established. Secondly, a flexibility supply and demand characteristic model is proposed. Next, a multi-stage dynamic planning model for source-grid-load hydrogen storage is established. Finally, the multi-stage dynamic planning model for source-grid-load hydrogen storage is solved to obtain system planning solutions, operation strategies, and flexibility evaluation results.

[0097] Collect source grid load hydrogen storage data for data preprocessing.

[0098] Construct a flexible supply and demand characteristic model and a multi-stage dynamic planning model of source, grid, load and storage hydrogen.

[0099] The solver is called to solve the source-grid-load-storage multi-stage dynamic programming model to obtain the optimal solution.

[0100] Output the multi-stage source-grid-load-storage hydrogen investment results, multi-stage source-grid-load-storage hydrogen operation strategies and multi-stage flexibility supply evaluation results within the planning period.

[0101] Refer to Figure 2 for a basic planning framework for source-grid-load-storage hydrogen that takes into account flexibility resources. This multi-stage dynamic planning model integrates resources such as source, grid, load, storage, and hydrogen. The "source" side includes thermal power units, new energy units, and gas turbines; the "grid" side includes transmission lines; the "load" side includes peak-shaving demand response devices; the "storage" side includes energy storage devices; and the "hydrogen" side includes water electrolysis devices, hydrogen storage devices, and hydrogen fuel cells. The model takes investment cost, operating cost and penalty cost for insufficient flexibility as objective functions, and coordination expansion constraints, thermal power unit retirement constraints, flow constraints, thermal power unit operation constraints, new energy unit operation constraints, gas turbine operation constraints, energy storage device operation constraints, demand response device operation constraints, electric-hydrogen coupling unit operation constraints, new energy penetration rate constraints and load loss rate constraints as constraints. Under the boundary conditions of meeting the new energy penetration rate, load loss rate and flexibility requirements in different planning stages of the system, multi-stage dynamic planning of source, grid and load hydrogen storage is carried out to obtain the source, grid and load hydrogen storage investment results, source, grid and load hydrogen storage operation strategy and system flexibility supply evaluation results.

[0102] With the continuous integration of new energy and flexibility resources, the factors affecting power system flexibility are becoming increasingly complex. Based on the theory of flexibility supply and demand balance, this patent takes into account flexibility resources such as thermal power units, gas turbines, energy storage devices, electricity-hydrogen coupling equipment, and load demand response, and considers the system's flexibility supply and demand characteristics to propose a flexibility evaluation index calculation method that adapts to the integration of new energy.

[0103] The source, grid, load and hydrogen storage data include the new energy penetration rate, load loss rate, the demand for upward and downward flexibility resources due to wind power forecast errors, the demand for upward and downward flexibility resources due to photovoltaic power forecast errors, power supply parameters, grid parameters, load parameters, energy storage parameters and electricity-hydrogen coupling unit parameters at different stages.

[0104] Power supply parameters include retired thermal power unit operating parameters, new energy unit investment operating parameters, gas turbine investment operating parameters, and new energy unit predicted output data.

[0105] Grid parameters include grid structure and transmission line investment and operation parameters.

[0106] Load parameters include demand response device investment and operation parameters and system load demand forecast data.

[0107] Energy storage parameters include investment and operation parameters of energy storage devices.

[0108] The parameters of the electric-hydrogen coupling unit include the investment and operation parameters of the water electrolysis device, the investment and operation parameters of the hydrogen storage device, and the investment and operation parameters of the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0109] Data preprocessing is to process outliers in the collected historical power grid data, use the outlier detection algorithm of machine learning to identify and correct or delete abnormal points and erroneous values ​​in the data, and interpolate the data to fill the missing values ​​in the data set.

[0110] The flexibility supply and demand characteristic model includes the flexibility demand characteristic model and the flexibility resource supply characteristic model.

[0111] The flexibility resource supply characteristic model includes a thermal power unit flexibility supply model, a gas unit flexibility supply model, an energy storage device flexibility supply model, a water electrolysis device flexibility supply model, a hydrogen fuel cell flexibility supply model, and a load demand response flexibility supply model;

[0112] The flexibility demand characteristic model is expressed as follows:

[0113] in, are the flexibility demand values ​​of the system at the tth moment in the ηth stage; P d,t+1,η is the net load after considering the demand response of load d at time t in stage η; u ,λ d They are the demand for upward and downward adjustment flexibility resources due to the electricity load forecast error; are the maximum power predictions of the wind farm w and photovoltaic power station v within the optimization period respectively; are the predicted power of wind farm w and photovoltaic power station v at the tth moment in the ηth stage respectively; ω u,η 、ωd,η are the demands of upward and downward adjustment flexibility resources due to wind power forecast error in stage η; α u,η , α d,η are the demands for upward and downward adjustment of flexibility resources due to the photovoltaic power forecast error in stage η, respectively.

[0114] Flexibility resources can cope with the uncertainty of renewable energy output and load, and meet the system's flexibility needs by reserving adjustment capabilities. This patent integrates the flexibility supply capabilities of thermal power units, gas turbines, energy storage devices, electricity-hydrogen coupling units, and load demand response. The upward and downward adjustment flexibility supply capacity calculation formulas of each flexibility resource are as follows:

[0115] Flexibility supply model for thermal power units:

[0116] Thermal power units provide upward flexibility by increasing unit output and provide downward flexibility by reducing unit output. The flexibility supply of thermal power units is expressed as:

[0117] in, are the upward and downward supply provided by thermal power unit i at time t in stage η, respectively; are the upper and lower limits of the output of thermal power unit i; ΔP i is the ramp rate of thermal power unit i; P i,t,η is the power generation power of thermal power unit i at the tth moment in the ηth stage; Δt is the optimization period; is a binary variable representing the operating status of the existing thermal power unit i in the ηth stage; y i,η is the construction status of thermal power unit i in the ηth stage; E G is the collection of existing thermal power units; C G A collection of candidate investment facilities for thermal power units.

[0118] Gas Turbine Flexibility Provision Model:

[0119] Gas turbines provide upward flexibility by increasing unit output and downward flexibility by reducing unit output. The flexibility supply of gas turbines is expressed as:

[0120] in, are the upward and downward supply provided to the gas turbine m at the tth moment in the ηth stage, respectively; are the upper and lower limits of the output of gas turbine m; ΔP m is the ramp rate of gas turbine m; P m,t,η is the power generation of gas turbine m at the tth moment in the ηth stage; Δt is the optimization period; y m,η is the construction status of the gas turbine m in the ηth stage; CM A collection of candidate investment facilities for gas turbines.

[0121] Energy storage device flexibility supply model:

[0122] The energy storage device provides upward flexibility by discharging and downward flexibility by charging. Its flexibility supply can be expressed as

[0123] in, are the upward and downward supply provided by the energy storage device k at the tth moment in the ηth stage, respectively; are the minimum and maximum charge states of the energy storage device k respectively; S k,t,η is the state of charge of the energy storage device k at the tth moment in the nth stage; are the discharge and charge efficiencies of the energy storage device k, respectively; is the maximum capacity of the energy storage device k; are the maximum discharge and charge powers of energy storage device k respectively; are the discharge and charge powers of the energy storage device k at the tth moment in the ηth stage; y k,η C is the construction status of the energy storage device k in the ηth stage; S A collection of candidate investment facilities for energy storage devices.

[0124] Flexibility supply model for electricity-hydrogen coupling units

[0125] The electricity-hydrogen coupling unit consists of a water electrolysis device, a hydrogen storage device, and a hydrogen fuel cell. When the grid experiences frequent wind and solar power curtailment or surplus power, the water electrolysis device produces hydrogen, converting electricity into hydrogen. When users experience a power shortage or peak demand, the hydrogen fuel cell uses hydrogen from the hydrogen storage device to generate electricity, converting hydrogen into electricity.

[0126] The electrolysis device is functionally equivalent to regulating the load. It obtains flexibility by regulating the amount of electricity consumed. It provides upward flexibility when the equipment's energy consumption decreases, and downward flexibility when the equipment's energy consumption increases. Considering that hydrogen is stored in the hydrogen storage device, the flexibility of the electrolysis device is also related to the volume of the hydrogen storage device. The flexibility of the electrolysis device is expressed as:

[0127] in, are the upward and downward supply provided by the water electrolysis device in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h at the tth moment of the ηth stage, respectively; is the power consumption of the water electrolysis device in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h at the tth moment in the nth stage; are the upper and lower limits of the power consumption of the water electrolysis device in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h, respectively; is the efficiency of the electrolyzer in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h; is the hydrogen production rate of the electrolyzer in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h; is the hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage device in the electric-hydrogen coupling unit h at the tth moment in the nth stage; is the upper limit of the hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage device in the electric-hydrogen coupling unit h; C H A collection of candidate investment facilities for electricity-hydrogen coupling units; h,η It is the construction status of the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h in the ηth stage.

[0128] Hydrogen fuel cells provide upward flexibility by increasing output and downward flexibility by reducing output. Considering that hydrogen fuel cells consume hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device, their flexibility supply capacity is also related to the volume of the hydrogen storage device. The flexibility supply of hydrogen fuel cells is expressed as:

[0129] in, and They are the up and down regulation supplies provided by the unit hydrogen fuel cell at time t in stage η, respectively; is the power generation efficiency of the hydrogen fuel cell in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h; The amount of hydrogen required to generate unit electrical energy for the hydrogen fuel cell in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h; is the upper and lower limits of the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h; ΔP h is the maximum ramp power of the hydrogen fuel cell in the electric-hydrogen coupling unit h; is the power generation power of the hydrogen fuel cell in the electric-hydrogen coupling unit h at the tth moment in the ηth stage; Δt is the optimization period; C H A collection of candidate investment facilities for electricity-hydrogen coupling units; h,η It is the construction status of the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h in the ηth stage.

[0130] Load demand response flexibility supply model:

[0131] in, are the upward and downward supply provided by the demand response device d at time t in stage η, respectively; is the predicted load d at the tth moment in the ηth stage; is the maximum load value of load d at the tth moment in the ηth stage; β d,t,η ∈[0,1], represents the demand response participation of load d at time t in stage η; is the demand response amount of the demand response device d at the tth moment in the ηth stage.

[0132] In summary, the quantitative model of system flexibility supply is obtained as follows:

[0133] in, They are the upward and downward supply of the system at moment t in stage η, respectively.

[0134] System flexibility evaluation considers the adequacy of flexibility supply, that is, the degree to which system flexibility supply is surplus relative to demand. The specific calculation formula is as follows:

[0135] in, They are respectively the upward flexibility supply margin and downward flexibility supply margin of the system at the tth moment in the ηth stage.

[0136] Multi-stage dynamic programming model for source, grid, load and hydrogen storage:

[0137] The multi-stage dynamic programming model of source-grid-load-storage hydrogen takes minimizing the investment cost, operating cost and flexibility deficiency penalty fee in the entire planning period as the objective function, and takes coordinating expansion investment constraints, thermal power unit retirement constraints, power flow constraints, thermal power unit operation constraints, new energy unit operation constraints, gas turbine operation constraints, energy storage device operation constraints, demand response device operation constraints, electricity-hydrogen coupling unit operation constraints, new energy penetration rate constraints and load loss rate constraints as constraints.

[0138] Objective function:

[0139] Where η is the index of the planning and construction stage; γ is the inflation rate; is the investment cost of the ηth stage; is the operating cost of the ηth stage; Penalty fee for insufficient flexibility in stage η.

[0140] Investment costs

[0141] The investment cost includes the investment and construction costs of thermal power units, wind farms, photovoltaic power stations, gas turbines, transmission lines, energy storage devices, demand response devices and electricity-hydrogen coupling units.

[0142] Where η and t are the indices of the planning stage and time, respectively; i, w, v, m, l, d, k, and h are the indices of thermal power units, wind farms, photovoltaic power plants, gas turbines, transmission lines, demand response devices, energy storage devices, and electricity-hydrogen coupling units, respectively; C G 、C W 、C V 、C M 、C L 、C D 、C S and C HA collection of candidate investment facilities, namely, thermal power units, wind farms, photovoltaic power plants, gas turbines, transmission lines, demand response devices, energy storage devices, and electricity-hydrogen coupling units; and are the new construction costs of thermal power unit i, wind farm w, photovoltaic power station v, gas turbine m, transmission line l, energy storage device k, demand response device d, and electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h in the ηth stage; y i,η 、y w,η 、y v,η 、y m,η 、y l,η 、y d,η 、y k,η and y h,η They are the commissioning status of thermal power unit i, wind farm w, photovoltaic power station v, gas turbine m, transmission line l, energy storage device k, demand response device d and electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h in the ηth stage respectively.

[0143] Operating costs include the operating costs of thermal power units, the operating costs of new energy units, the operating costs of gas turbines, the operating costs of energy storage, demand response costs, the operating costs of electricity-hydrogen coupling units, and demand response costs.

[0144] Among them, T D,η is the duration of the ηth stage; F i is the fuel cost curve of thermal power unit i; and They are the unit output operation and maintenance cost of wind farm w, the unit output operation and maintenance cost of photovoltaic power station v, the unit output operation and maintenance cost of gas turbine m, the unit charge and discharge power operation and maintenance cost of energy storage device k, and the unit demand response cost of demand response device d in the ηth stage respectively; and are the operation and maintenance cost per unit input power of the electrolyzer in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h, the operation and maintenance cost per unit output power of the hydrogen fuel cell, and the storage and release cost per unit hydrogen volume in the hydrogen storage device in the ηth stage respectively; P i,t,η is the output of thermal power unit i at the tth moment in the ηth stage; P w,t,η is the actual output of wind farm w at the tth moment in the ηth phase; P v,t,η is the actual output of the photovoltaic power station v at the tth moment in the ηth stage; P m,t,η is the power generation power of gas turbine m at the tth moment in the ηth stage; are the charging and discharging power of the energy storage device at the tth moment in the ηth stage respectively; is the demand response amount of the demand response device d at the tth moment in the ηth phase; is the input power of the electrolyzer in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h at the tth moment in the nth stage; is the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h at the tth moment in the nth stage; are the hydrogen production of the electrolyzer in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h and the hydrogen consumption of the hydrogen fuel cell at the tth moment in the ηth stage, respectively.

[0145] Penalty fees for inadequate flexibility

[0146] From the system flexibility evaluation index, we can see that when the flexibility supply in a certain direction is less than 0, the system flexibility is insufficient. Therefore, the penalty cost function for insufficient flexibility is constructed as follows:

[0147] in, Penalty costs for insufficient unit flexibility; Provide margin for the system's upward flexibility at time t in phase η; Provide sufficient flexibility for the system's downward adjustment at time t in stage η.

[0148] Coordinate expansion investment constraints:

[0149] The multi-stage dynamic planning model of source, grid, load and storage hydrogen takes into account the construction of thermal power units, wind farms, photovoltaic power plants, gas turbines, transmission lines, load demand response devices, energy storage devices and electricity-hydrogen coupling units. Once a device is put into construction, its construction status will be fixed at 1 for the rest of the time, as follows: i,(η-1) ≤y i,η ,i∈C G (15) y w,(η-1) ≤y w,η ,w∈C W (16) y v,(η-1) ≤y v,η ,v∈C V (17) y m,(η-1) ≤y m,η ,m∈C M (18) y l,(η-1) ≤y l,η ,l∈C L (19) y d,(η-1) ≤y d,η ,d∈C D (20) y k,(η-1) ≤y k,η ,k∈C K (21) y h,(η-1) ≤y h,η ,h∈C H(twenty two)

[0150] Among them, y i,η 、y w,η 、y v,η 、y m,η 、y l,η 、y d,η 、y k,η and y h,η They are the commissioning status of thermal power unit i, wind farm w, photovoltaic power station v, gas turbine m, transmission line l, energy storage device k, demand response device d and electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h in the ηth stage respectively.

[0151] Constraints on decommissioning thermal power units

[0152] Consider the retirement constraints of existing thermal power units, as follows:

[0153] Among them, E G It is a collection of existing thermal power units; is a binary variable representing the operating status of the existing thermal power unit i in the ηth stage; It is the decommissioning stage of the existing thermal power unit i.

[0154] Power flow constraints

[0155] The power flow constraints include power system power balance constraints, upper and lower power flow constraints for existing transmission lines and candidate investment transmission lines, and upper and lower power flow constraints for node phase angles. The specific constraints are as follows: P l,t,η X l =(θ s(l),t,η -θ r(l),t,η ),l∈E L (25) -(1-y l,η )M≤P l,t,η X l -(θ s(l),t,η -θ r(l),t,η )≤(1-y l,η )M,l∈C L (26)

[0156] Where N(b) is the set of devices connected to node b; s(l) and r(l) represent the sending and receiving busbars of transmission line l, respectively; X l is the reactance of the transmission line l; M is a very large number; P l,t,η and θ b,t,η are the power flow of transmission line l and the phase angle of bus b at the tth moment in the ηth stage respectively; P i,t,η is the output of thermal power unit i at the tth moment in the ηth stage; Pw,t,η is the actual output of wind farm w at the tth moment in the ηth phase; P v,t,η is the actual output of the photovoltaic power station v at the tth moment in the ηth stage; P m,t,η is the power generation power of gas turbine m at the tth moment in the ηth stage; are the charging and discharging power of the energy storage device at the tth moment in the ηth stage respectively; is the input power of the electrolyzer in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h at the tth moment in the nth stage; is the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell in the electric-hydrogen coupling unit h at the tth moment in the nth stage; P d,t,η is the planned load after considering the load d demand response at the tth moment in the ηth stage; E L is a collection of existing transmission lines; is the upper limit of the power flow of transmission line l; is the maximum value of the phase angle of busbar b; y l,η is the construction status of the transmission line 1 in the ηth stage.

[0157] Thermal power unit operation constraints

[0158] The operating constraints of thermal power units include the capacity constraints and ramping constraints of existing thermal power units and candidate investment thermal power units, as follows: -ΔP i ≤P i,t,η -P i,t,(η-1) ≤ΔP i ,i∈C G ∪E G (32)

[0159] Among them, P i,t,η is the output of thermal power unit i at the tth moment in the ηth stage; is the output upper limit of thermal power unit i; ΔP i is the ramp power limit of thermal power unit i; is a binary variable representing the operating status of the existing thermal power unit i in the ηth stage; y i,η is the construction status of thermal power unit i in the ηth stage.

[0160] Operation constraints of new energy units

[0161] During the operation of the urban power grid, the output of new energy units is adjustable, and the actual output of the units is not greater than the predicted value. The operating constraints of new energy units include the output constraints of existing new energy units and candidate new energy units for investment, as follows:

[0162] Among them, P w,t,η is the actual output of wind farm w at the tth moment in the ηth phase; P v,t,ηis the actual output of the photovoltaic power station v at the tth moment in the ηth stage; are the predicted power of wind farm w and photovoltaic power station v at the tth moment in the ηth stage respectively; w,η 、y v,η They are the construction status of wind farm w and photovoltaic power station v in the ηth stage respectively.

[0163] Gas turbine operating constraints

[0164] Gas turbine operation constraints include capacity constraints and ramping constraints, as follows: -ΔP m ≤P m,t,η -P m,t,(η-1) ≤ΔP m ,m∈C M (38)

[0165] in, are the upper and lower limits of the output of gas turbine m; ΔP m is the ramp rate limit of gas turbine m; P m,t,η is the power generation of gas turbine m at the tth moment in the ηth stage; y m,η It is the construction status of the ηth stage gas turbine m.

[0166] Energy storage device operation constraints

[0167] Energy storage device operation constraints include energy storage device power balance constraints, energy storage capacity upper and lower limit constraints, energy storage charge and discharge power constraints, and energy storage device charge and discharge state constraints, as follows: S k,1,η =S k,T,η ,k∈C S (43)

[0168] Among them, S k,t,η is the state of charge of the energy storage device k at the tth moment in the ηth stage; ω k is the capacity loss rate of energy storage device k; are the charging and discharging efficiencies of the energy storage device k, respectively; are the discharge and charging powers of the energy storage device k at the tth moment in the ηth stage respectively; Δt is the optimization period; are all 0-1 variables, indicating the charge and discharge status of the energy storage device k at the tth moment in the ηth stage; are the upper limits of charge and discharge power of energy storage device k; y k,η is the construction status of the energy storage device k in the ηth stage.

[0169] Demand response device operation constraints

[0170] Among them, P d,t,η is the planned load after considering the demand response of load d at time t in stage η; is the predicted load d at the tth moment in the ηth stage; is the maximum load value of load d at time t in stage η; M is a very large constant; is the demand response amount of the demand response device d at the tth moment in the ηth stage; β d,t,η ∈[0,1], represents the demand response participation of load d at time t in stage η; is the annual demand response reduction limit of load d in stage η; y d,η is the construction status of the demand response device d in the ηth stage.

[0171] Operation constraints of electric-hydrogen coupling units

[0172] 1) Electrolyzer

[0173] The electrolyzer operation constraints include the electrolyzer hydrogen production and input power conversion model and the electrolyzer input power upper limit constraint, which are as follows:

[0174] in, is the efficiency of the electrolyzer in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h; is the hydrogen production rate of the electrolyzer in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h; is the power consumption of the water electrolysis device in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h at the tth moment in the nth stage; are the upper and lower limits of the power consumption of the water electrolysis device in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h; y h,η It is the construction status of the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h in the ηth stage.

[0175] 2) Hydrogen storage device

[0176] The hydrogen storage device's hydrogen source is produced by the electrolyzer, and its main purpose is to achieve flexible scheduling of the system's hydrogen and provide hydrogen energy to the hydrogen fuel cell. The operating constraints of the hydrogen storage device include the hydrogen balance constraint, the upper and lower limits of the hydrogen storage capacity, the hydrogen storage and release amount constraints, and the hydrogen storage and release state constraints of the hydrogen storage device, as follows:

[0177] in, is the hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage device in the electric-hydrogen coupling unit h at the tth moment in the nth stage; The efficiency of storing and releasing hydrogen energy of the hydrogen storage device in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h; is the hydrogen energy in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h transportation efficiency; are the upper and lower limits of the hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage device in the electric-hydrogen coupling unit h, respectively; are all 0-1 variables, indicating the hydrogen storage and release status of the hydrogen storage device in the electric-hydrogen coupling unit h at time t in stage η; are the upper limits of hydrogen storage capacity and release capacity of the hydrogen storage device in the electric-hydrogen coupling unit h, respectively; are the hydrogen production of the electrolyzer in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h and the hydrogen consumption of the hydrogen fuel cell at the tth moment in the nth stage; y h,η It is the construction status of the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h in the ηth stage.

[0178] 3) Hydrogen fuel cells

[0179] Consider a hydrogen fuel cell that generates electricity through an electrochemical reaction. The operating constraints of a hydrogen fuel cell include the hydrogen-to-electricity conversion model, upper and lower limits on output power, and ramp power constraints, as follows:

[0180] in, is the power generation power of the hydrogen fuel cell in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h at the tth moment in the nth stage; is the power generation efficiency of the hydrogen fuel cell in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h; The amount of hydrogen required to generate unit electrical energy for the hydrogen fuel cell in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h; is the upper and lower limits of the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h; ΔP h is the maximum ramp power of the hydrogen fuel cell in the electric-hydrogen coupling unit h; y h,η It is the construction status of the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h in the ηth stage.

[0181] New energy penetration rate constraints

[0182] Among them, T D,η is the duration of the ηth stage; P w,t,η is the actual output of wind farm w at the tth moment in the ηth phase; P v,t,η is the actual output of the photovoltaic power station v at the tth moment in the ηth stage; P d,t,η is the planned load after considering the load d demand response at time t in stage η; σ max,η is the maximum new energy penetration rate of the system in the set ηth stage.

[0183] Load loss rate constraint

[0184] Where, T D,η is the duration of the ηth stage; is the demand response amount of the demand response device d at the tth moment in the ηth phase; is the predicted load of load d at time t in stage η; κ max,η is the maximum load loss rate of the system in the set ηth stage.

[0185] The multi-stage source-grid-load-storage hydrogen investment results within the output planning period are optimized and solved according to the objective function. The optimal solution is given to give an investment plan, and the multi-stage source-grid-load-storage hydrogen operation strategy and multi-stage flexibility supply evaluation results of the corresponding plan are output.

[0186] Multi-stage source-grid-load hydrogen storage investment results, including investment costs (investment and construction costs of thermal power units, wind farms, photovoltaic power stations, gas turbines, transmission lines, energy storage devices, demand response devices, and electricity-hydrogen coupling units), the retirement status of existing thermal power units, and the investment and construction status of thermal power units, wind farms, photovoltaic power stations, gas turbines, energy storage devices, demand response devices, electricity-hydrogen coupling units, and transmission lines.

[0187] Multi-stage source-grid-load-storage hydrogen operation strategy, including operating costs (operating costs of thermal power units, operating costs of new energy units, operating costs of gas turbines, operating costs of energy storage, demand response costs, operating costs of electricity-hydrogen coupling units and demand response costs), power flow of transmission lines at each stage and phase angle of busbars, output of thermal power units at each stage, actual output of wind farms at each stage, actual output of photovoltaic power stations at each stage, power generation power of gas turbines at each stage, charging and discharging power of energy storage devices at each stage, demand response amount of demand response devices at each stage, input electrical power of electrolyzers at each stage, output electrical power of hydrogen fuel cells at each stage, hydrogen production of electrolyzers at each stage and hydrogen consumption of hydrogen fuel cells.

[0188] The results of the multi-stage flexibility supply evaluation include penalty fees for insufficient flexibility, system-wide adjustments to the adequacy of flexibility supply at each stage, and system-wide adjustments to the adequacy of flexibility supply at each stage.

[0189] Example 2

[0190] 4 , which is an embodiment of the present invention, provides a system for a multi-stage planning method of source-grid-load-storage hydrogen storage taking into account flexibility resources, characterized by: a data preprocessing module, a model building module, a solver calling module, and a result output module.

[0191] The data preprocessing module collects source grid load hydrogen storage data, performs outlier processing on the collected data, and uses machine learning outlier detection algorithms to identify and correct or delete outliers and erroneous values ​​in the data, and fill in missing values ​​in the data set.

[0192] The model building module constructs a flexible supply and demand characteristic model and a source-grid-load-storage hydrogen multi-stage dynamic programming model after data preprocessing, and optimizes and solves the problem by setting constraints to achieve the goal of minimizing total cost.

[0193] The solver calling module solves the constructed multi-stage dynamic programming model.

[0194] After the solution is completed, the result output module outputs the multi-stage source-grid-load-storage hydrogen investment results, multi-stage source-grid-load-storage hydrogen operation strategy and multi-stage flexibility supply evaluation results within the planning period.

[0195] If the functions are implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or the part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for enabling a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media that can store program codes, such as a USB flash drive, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.

[0196] The logic and / or steps represented in the flowcharts or otherwise described herein, for example, can be considered as an ordered list of executable instructions for implementing the logical functions, and can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by, or in conjunction with, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device (e.g., a computer-based system, a system including a processor, or other system that can fetch and execute instructions from an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device). For purposes of this specification, a "computer-readable medium" can be any device that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport a program for use by, or in conjunction with, an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

[0197] More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of computer-readable media include the following: an electrical connection with one or more wires (electronic devices), a portable computer disk cartridge (magnetic devices), a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable and programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), a fiber optic device, and a portable compact disc read-only memory (CDROM). In addition, the computer-readable medium may even be paper or other suitable medium on which the program is printed, since the program may be obtained electronically, for example, by optically scanning the paper or other medium, followed by editing, deciphering, or processing in another suitable manner as necessary, and then stored in a computer memory.

[0198] It should be understood that various parts of the present invention can be implemented using hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above-described embodiments, multiple steps or methods can be implemented using software or firmware stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented using hardware, as in another embodiment, any one of the following technologies known in the art or a combination thereof can be used: a discrete logic circuit having a logic gate circuit for implementing a logic function on a data signal, an application-specific integrated circuit having a suitable combination of logic gate circuits, a programmable gate array (PGA), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), etc.

[0199] Example 3

[0200] 5 and 6 , in order to verify the beneficial effects of the present invention, economic benefit calculation and simulation experiments were performed to scientifically demonstrate the effectiveness of the present invention. This embodiment experiments were conducted on both the existing traditional method and the method of this embodiment.

[0201] 5 shows an application scenario of a traditional single-stage planning technology for source, grid, load and storage. An application scenario of a multi-stage planning technology for source, grid, load and hydrogen storage that takes into account flexibility resources proposed in the present invention is shown in FIG6 .

[0202] Table 1 Comparison of candidate investment node planning results before and after technical optimization

[0203] Table 2 Comparison of planning and operation benefits before and after technical optimization

[0204] As can be seen, compared with traditional single-stage planning technology for power generation, grid load, and hydrogen storage, the multi-stage planning technology for power generation, grid load, and hydrogen storage proposed in this patent, which takes into account flexible resources, can effectively reduce the investment and operating costs of system planning, improve the system's flexibility in supplying upward and downward adjustments, its ability to utilize new energy, and its power supply capacity. Further comparison of the planning results of each candidate investment node before and after technical optimization shows that the method proposed in this patent can determine the facility retirement status and construction status at different stages, providing a detailed reference for actual power system planning and operation.

[0205] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-stage planning method for source, grid, load and storage hydrogen taking into account flexibility resources, characterized in that: include: Collect source, grid and load hydrogen storage data for data preprocessing; Construct a flexible supply and demand characteristic model and a multi-stage dynamic programming model for source, grid, load and storage hydrogen; Call the solver to solve the source-grid-load-storage multi-stage dynamic programming model to obtain the optimal solution; Output the multi-stage source-grid-load-storage hydrogen investment results, multi-stage source-grid-load-storage hydrogen operation strategies and multi-stage flexibility supply evaluation results within the planning period.

2. The multi-stage planning method for source-grid-load hydrogen storage taking into account flexibility resources according to claim 1, characterized in that: The source-grid-load-storage hydrogen data include the new energy penetration rate, load loss rate, demand for upward and downward adjustment of flexibility resources due to wind power forecast error, demand for upward and downward adjustment of flexibility resources due to photovoltaic power forecast error, power source parameters, grid parameters, load parameters, energy storage parameters and electricity-hydrogen coupling unit parameters at different stages; The power supply parameters include retired thermal power unit operating parameters, new energy unit investment operating parameters, gas turbine investment operating parameters, and new energy unit predicted output data; The grid parameters include grid structure, transmission line investment and operation parameters; The load parameters include demand response device investment and operation parameters and system load demand forecast data; The energy storage parameters include investment and operation parameters of the energy storage device; The parameters of the electric-hydrogen coupling unit include the investment and operation parameters of the water electrolysis device, the investment and operation parameters of the hydrogen storage device, and the investment and operation parameters of the hydrogen fuel cell; The data preprocessing is to perform outlier processing on the collected data, use the outlier detection algorithm of machine learning to identify and correct or delete abnormal points and erroneous values ​​in the data, and perform interpolation processing on the data to fill the missing values ​​in the data set.

3. The multi-stage planning method for source, grid, load and storage hydrogen taking into account flexibility resources according to claim 2, characterized in that: The flexibility supply and demand characteristic model includes a flexibility demand characteristic model and a flexibility resource supply characteristic model; The flexibility resource supply characteristic model includes a thermal power unit flexibility supply model, a gas unit flexibility supply model, an energy storage device flexibility supply model, a water electrolysis device flexibility supply model, a hydrogen fuel cell flexibility supply model, and a load demand response flexibility supply model; The flexibility demand characteristic model is expressed as follows: in, are the flexibility demand values ​​of the system at the tth moment in the ηth stage, and P d,t+1,η is the net load after considering the demand response of load d at time t in stage η, λ u ,λ d are the demands of the electricity load forecast error on the flexibility resources for adjustment up and down, are the maximum power predictions of wind farm w and photovoltaic power station v within the optimization period, are the predicted power of wind farm w and photovoltaic power station v at the tth moment in the ηth stage, ω u,η 、ω d,η are the demands of upward and downward adjustment of flexibility resources due to wind power forecast error in stage η, α u,η , α d,η are the demands for upward and downward adjustment of flexibility resources due to the PV power forecast error in stage η, respectively; The flexibility supply model of the thermal power unit is expressed as follows: in, are the upward and downward supply provided by thermal power unit i at the tth moment in the ηth stage, P i max 、P i min are the upper and lower limits of the output of thermal power unit i, ΔP i is the ramp rate of thermal power unit i, P i,t,η is the power generation power of thermal power unit i at the tth moment in the ηth stage, Δt is the optimization period, is a binary variable representing the operating status of the existing thermal power unit i in the ηth stage, y i,η is the construction status of thermal power unit i in the ηth stage, E G is the set of existing thermal power units, C G A collection of candidate investment facilities for thermal power units; The flexibility supply model of the gas turbine unit is expressed as follows: in, are the upward and downward supply provided by the gas turbine m at the tth moment in the ηth stage, are the upper and lower limits of the output of gas turbine m, ΔP m is the ramp rate of gas turbine m, P m,t,η is the power generation of gas turbine m at the tth moment in the ηth stage, Δt is the optimization period, y m,η is the construction status of the gas turbine m in the ηth stage, C M A collection of candidate investment facilities for gas turbines; The energy storage device flexibility supply model is expressed as: in, are the upward and downward supply provided by the energy storage device k at the tth moment in the ηth stage, are the minimum and maximum charge states of the energy storage device k, S k,t,η is the state of charge of the energy storage device k at the tth moment in the nth stage, are the discharge and charge efficiencies of the energy storage device k, is the maximum capacity of the energy storage device k, are the maximum discharge and charging powers of energy storage device k, are the discharge and charging power of energy storage device k at the tth moment in the ηth stage, y k,η is the construction status of energy storage device k in the ηth stage, C S A collection of candidate investment facilities for energy storage devices; The flexibility supply model of the water electrolysis device is expressed as follows: in, are the upward and downward supply provided by the water electrolysis device in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h at the tth moment in the nth stage, is the power consumption of the water electrolysis device in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h at the tth moment in the ηth stage, are the upper and lower limits of the power consumption of the water electrolysis device in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h, is the efficiency of the electrolyzer in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h, is the hydrogen production rate of the electrolyzer in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h, is the hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage device in the electric-hydrogen coupling unit h at the tth moment in the nth stage, is the upper limit of the hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage device in the electric-hydrogen coupling unit h, C H is the set of candidate investment facilities for the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit, y h,η is the construction status of the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h in the ηth stage; The hydrogen fuel cell flexibility supply model is expressed as: in, and are the up and down supply provided by the unit hydrogen fuel cell at the tth moment in the nth stage, is the power generation efficiency of the hydrogen fuel cell in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h, is the amount of hydrogen required to generate unit electrical energy by the hydrogen fuel cell in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h, is the upper and lower limits of the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h, ΔP h is the maximum ramp power of the hydrogen fuel cell in the electric-hydrogen coupling unit h, is the power generation power of the hydrogen fuel cell in the electric-hydrogen coupling unit h at the tth moment in the ηth stage, Δt is the optimization period, C H is the set of candidate investment facilities for the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit, y h,η is the construction status of the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h in the ηth stage; The load demand response flexibility supply model is expressed as follows: in, are the upward and downward supply provided by the demand response device d at time t in stage η, respectively. is the predicted load of load d at time t in stage η, is the maximum load value of load d at the tth moment in the ηth stage, β d,t,η ∈[0,1], represents the demand response participation of load d at time t in stage η, is the demand response amount of the demand response device d at the tth moment in the ηth phase; The quantitative model of system flexibility supply is expressed as: in, They are the upward and downward adjustment supply of the system at time t in stage η, respectively; The flexibility evaluation model is expressed as: in, They are respectively the upward flexibility supply margin and downward flexibility supply margin of the system at the tth moment in the ηth stage.

4. The multi-stage planning method for source-grid-load hydrogen storage taking into account flexibility resources according to claim 3, characterized in that: The source-grid-load-storage hydrogen multi-stage dynamic programming model takes minimizing the investment cost, operating cost and flexibility deficiency penalty fee in the entire planning cycle as the objective function and coordinates the expansion investment constraints, thermal power unit retirement constraints, power flow constraints, thermal power unit operation constraints, new energy unit operation constraints, gas turbine operation constraints, energy storage device operation constraints, demand response device operation constraints, electricity-hydrogen coupling unit operation constraints, new energy penetration rate constraints and load loss rate constraints as constraints.

5. The multi-stage planning method for source, grid, load and storage hydrogen taking into account flexibility resources according to claim 4, characterized in that: The expression of the objective function to minimize the investment cost, operating cost and flexibility penalty fee in the entire planning cycle is: Among them, η is the index of the planning and construction stage, γ is the inflation rate, is the investment cost of the first stage, is the operating cost of the ηth stage, Penalty fee for insufficient flexibility in stage η.

6. The multi-stage planning method for source, grid, load and storage hydrogen taking into account flexibility resources according to claim 5, characterized in that: The investment cost includes the investment and construction costs of thermal power units, wind farms, photovoltaic power stations, gas turbines, transmission lines, energy storage devices, demand response devices, and electricity-hydrogen coupling units, and is expressed as: where η and t are the indices of the planning stage and time, respectively; i, w, v, m, l, d, k, and h are the indices of thermal power units, wind farms, photovoltaic power plants, gas turbines, transmission lines, demand response devices, energy storage devices, and electricity-hydrogen coupling units, respectively; C G 、C W 、C V 、C M 、C L 、C D 、C S and C H The candidate investment facilities are thermal power units, wind farms, photovoltaic power stations, gas turbines, transmission lines, demand response devices, energy storage devices and electricity-hydrogen coupling units. and are the new construction costs of thermal power unit i, wind farm w, photovoltaic power station v, gas turbine m, transmission line l, energy storage device k, demand response device d, and electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h in the ηth stage, respectively, and y i,η 、y w,η 、y v,η 、y m,η 、y l,η 、y d,η 、y k,η and y h,η are the construction status of thermal power unit i, wind farm w, photovoltaic power station v, gas turbine m, transmission line l, energy storage device k, demand response device d, and electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h in the ηth stage, respectively. The operating costs include the operating costs of thermal power units, new energy units, gas turbines, energy storage, demand response, electricity-hydrogen coupling units, and demand response, and are expressed as follows: Among them, T D,η is the duration of the first stage, F i is the fuel cost curve of thermal power unit i, and They are the unit output operation and maintenance cost of wind farm w, the unit output operation and maintenance cost of photovoltaic power station v, the unit output operation and maintenance cost of gas turbine m, the unit charge and discharge power operation and maintenance cost of energy storage device k, and the unit demand response cost of demand response device d in the ηth stage, and are the operation and maintenance cost per unit input power of the electrolyzer in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h, the operation and maintenance cost per unit output power of the hydrogen fuel cell, and the storage and release cost per unit hydrogen volume in the hydrogen storage device in the ηth stage, respectively. i,t,η is the output of thermal power unit i at the tth moment in the ηth stage, P w,t,η is the actual output of wind farm w at the tth moment in the ηth phase, P v,t,η is the actual output of the photovoltaic power station v at the tth moment in the ηth stage, P m,t,η is the power generation power of gas turbine m at the tth moment in the ηth stage, are the charging and discharging power of the energy storage device at the tth moment in the ηth stage, is the demand response amount of the demand response device d at the tth moment in the nth stage, is the input power of the electrolyzer in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h at the tth moment in the ηth stage, is the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h at the tth moment in the nth stage, are the hydrogen production of the electrolyzer in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h and the hydrogen consumption of the hydrogen fuel cell at the tth moment in the nth stage, respectively; The flexibility deficiency penalty fee is expressed as: in, Penalty cost for insufficient unit flexibility, Provides sufficient flexibility for the upward adjustment of the system at time t in stage η, Provide sufficient flexibility for the system's downward adjustment at time t in stage η.

7. The multi-stage planning method for source, grid, load and storage hydrogen taking into account flexibility resources according to claim 6, characterized in that: The coordinated expansion investment constraint is expressed as: i,(η-1) ≤y i,η ,i∈C G y w,(η-1) ≤y w,η ,w∈C W y v,(η-1) ≤y v,η ,v∈C V y m,(η-1) ≤y m,η ,m∈C M y l,(η-1) ≤y l,η ,l∈C L y d,(η-1) ≤y d,η ,d∈C D y k,(η-1) ≤y k,η ,k∈C K y h,(η-1) ≤y h,η ,h∈C H Among them, y i,η 、y w,η 、y v,η 、y m,η 、y l,η 、y d,η 、y k,η and y h,η are the commissioning status of thermal power unit i, wind farm w, photovoltaic power station v, gas turbine m, transmission line l, energy storage device k, demand response device d, and electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h in the ηth stage respectively; The retirement constraint of thermal power units is expressed as: Among them, E G It is a collection of existing thermal power units; is a binary variable, representing the operating status of the existing thermal power unit i in the ηth stage; T i retire is the decommissioning stage of the existing thermal power unit i; The power flow constraint is expressed as: P l,t,η X l =(θ s(l),t,η -θ r(l),t,η ),l∈E L -(1-y l,η )M≤P l,t,η X l -(θ s(l),t,η -θ r(l),t,η )≤(1-y l,η )M,l∈C L Where N(b) is a set of devices connected to node b, s(l) and r(l) represent the sending and receiving busbars of transmission line l, respectively. l is the reactance of the transmission line l, M is a very large number, P l,t,η and θ b,t,η are the power flow of transmission line l and the phase angle of bus b at the tth moment in the ηth stage, P i,t,η is the output of thermal power unit i at the tth moment in the ηth stage, P w,t,η is the actual output of wind farm w at the tth moment in the ηth phase, P v,t,η is the actual output of the photovoltaic power station v at the tth moment in the ηth stage, P m,t,η is the power generation power of gas turbine m at the tth moment in the ηth stage, are the charging and discharging power of the energy storage device at the tth moment in the ηth stage, is the input power of the electrolyzer in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h at the tth moment in the ηth stage, is the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h at the tth moment in the ηth stage, P d,t,η is the planned load after considering the load d demand response at the tth moment in the ηth stage, E L is the set of existing transmission lines, P l max is the upper limit of the power flow of transmission line l, is the maximum phase angle of busbar b, y l,η is the construction status of the transmission line l in the nth stage; The operation constraint of the thermal power unit is expressed as: -ΔP i ≤P i,t,η -P i,t,(η-1) ≤ΔP i ,i∈C G ∪E G Among them, P i,t,η is the output of thermal power unit i at the tth moment in the ηth stage, P i max is the output upper limit of thermal power unit i, ΔP i is the ramp power limit of thermal power unit i, is a binary variable representing the operating status of the existing thermal power unit i in the ηth stage, y i,η is the construction status of thermal power unit i in the ηth stage; The operation constraint of the new energy unit is expressed as: Among them, P w,t,η is the actual output of wind farm w at the tth moment in the ηth phase, P v,t,η is the actual output of the photovoltaic power station v at the tth moment in the ηth stage, are the predicted power of wind farm w and photovoltaic power station v at the tth moment in the ηth stage, respectively, w,η 、y v,η are the construction status of wind farm w and photovoltaic power station v in the ηth stage respectively; The gas turbine operation constraint is expressed as: -ΔP m ≤P m,t,η -P m,t,(η-1) ≤ΔP m ,m∈C M in, are the upper and lower limits of the output of gas turbine m, ΔP m is the ramp rate limit of gas turbine m, P m,t,η is the power generation power of gas turbine m at the tth moment in the ηth stage, y m,η is the commissioning status of the gas turbine m in the ηth stage; The energy storage device operation constraint is expressed as: S k,1,η =S k,T,η ,k∈C S Among them, S k,t,η is the state of charge of the energy storage device k at the tth moment in the ηth stage, ω k is the capacity loss rate of energy storage device k, are the charging and discharging efficiencies of the energy storage device k, are the discharge and charging powers of the energy storage device k at the tth moment in the ηth stage, Δt is the optimization period, are all 0-1 variables, indicating the charging and discharging status of the energy storage device k at the tth moment in the nth stage, are the upper limits of charge and discharge power of energy storage device k, y k,η is the construction status of energy storage device k in the ηth stage; The demand response device operation constraint is expressed as: Among them, P d,t,η is the planned load after considering the load d demand response at time t in the ηth stage, is the predicted load of load d at time t in stage η, is the maximum load value of load d at the tth moment in the ηth stage, M is a very large constant, is the demand response amount of the demand response device d at the tth moment in the ηth stage, β d,t,η ∈[0,1], represents the demand response participation of load d at time t in stage η, is the annual demand response reduction limit of load d in stage η, y d,η is the construction status of the demand response device d in the ηth stage; The operation constraints of the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit include the operation constraints of the electrolyzer, the operation constraints of the hydrogen storage device and the operation constraints of the hydrogen fuel cell; The electrolytic cell operation constraint is expressed as: in, is the efficiency of the electrolyzer in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h, is the hydrogen production rate of the electrolyzer in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h, is the power consumption of the water electrolysis device in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h at the tth moment in the ηth stage, are the upper and lower limits of the power consumption of the water electrolysis device in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h, and y h,η is the construction status of the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h in the ηth stage; The operating constraints of the hydrogen storage device are expressed as follows: in, is the hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage device in the electric-hydrogen coupling unit h at the tth moment in the nth stage, is the efficiency of storing and releasing hydrogen energy of the hydrogen storage device in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h, is the hydrogen energy in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h transportation efficiency, are the upper and lower limits of the hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage device in the electric-hydrogen coupling unit h, are all 0-1 variables, indicating the hydrogen storage and release status of the hydrogen storage device in the electric-hydrogen coupling unit h at the tth moment in the ηth stage, are the upper limits of hydrogen storage capacity and release capacity of the hydrogen storage device in the electric-hydrogen coupling unit h, are the hydrogen production of the electrolyzer in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h and the hydrogen consumption of the hydrogen fuel cell at the tth moment in the ηth stage, respectively, and y h,η is the construction status of the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h in the ηth stage; The operating constraints of the hydrogen fuel cell are expressed as follows: in, is the power generation power of the hydrogen fuel cell in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h at the tth moment in the nth stage, is the power generation efficiency of the hydrogen fuel cell in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h, is the amount of hydrogen required to generate unit electrical energy by the hydrogen fuel cell in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h, is the upper and lower limits of the output power of the hydrogen fuel cell in the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h, ΔP h is the maximum ramp power of the hydrogen fuel cell in the electric-hydrogen coupling unit h, y h,η is the construction status of the electricity-hydrogen coupling unit h in the ηth stage; The new energy penetration rate constraint is expressed as: Among them, T D,η is the duration of the ηth stage, P w,t,η is the actual output of wind farm w at the tth moment in the ηth phase, P v,t,η is the actual output of the photovoltaic power station v at the tth moment in the ηth stage, P d,t,η is the planned load after considering the load d demand response at time t in the ηth stage, σ max,η is the maximum new energy penetration rate of the system in the set ηth stage; The load loss rate constraint is expressed as: Among them, T D,η is the duration of the ηth stage, is the demand response amount of the demand response device d at the tth moment in the nth stage, is the predicted load of load d at time t in stage η, κ max,η is the maximum load loss rate of the system in the set ηth stage; The multi-stage source-grid-load hydrogen storage investment results within the output planning period are optimized and solved based on the objective function, and the optimal solution is given to give an investment plan, and the multi-stage source-grid-load hydrogen storage operation strategy and multi-stage flexibility supply evaluation results of the corresponding plan are output.

8. A system using a multi-stage planning method for source, grid, load and storage hydrogen taking into account flexibility resources as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 is characterized by: It includes data preprocessing module, model building module, solver calling module and result output module; The data preprocessing module collects source grid load hydrogen storage data, performs outlier processing on the collected data, uses a machine learning outlier detection algorithm to identify and correct or delete outliers and erroneous values ​​in the data, and fills in missing values ​​in the data set; The model building module constructs a flexible supply and demand characteristic model and a source-grid-load-storage hydrogen multi-stage dynamic programming model after data preprocessing, and optimizes and solves the model by setting constraints to achieve the goal of minimizing total cost; The solver calling module solves the constructed multi-stage dynamic programming model; The result output module outputs the multi-stage source-grid-load hydrogen storage investment results, the multi-stage source-grid-load hydrogen storage operation strategy and the multi-stage flexibility supply evaluation results within the planning period after the solution is completed.

9. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, wherein: When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of a multi-stage planning method for source, grid, load and storage of hydrogen taking into account flexibility resources are implemented as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of a multi-stage planning method for source, grid, load and storage of hydrogen taking into account flexibility resources as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.

Images