Lidar cleaning systems
The LiDAR cleaning system addresses contamination issues by using a detachable wiper and fluidic system to clean the sensor, enhancing detection accuracy and safety.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/083572
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-09-23
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-19
- Publication Date
- 2025-09-25
AI Technical Summary
LiDAR sensors on vehicles are prone to weather-related contamination, such as rain, snow, ice, wind, sand, dust, scratches, sewage, insect corpses, and mud stains, which can impair their ability to accurately detect environmental information, posing safety risks.
A LiDAR cleaning system featuring a wiper mechanism that can be detached and activated to clean the exterior surface of the sensor, optionally with a fluidic system to dispense cleaning fluids and a heating system to maintain optimal cleaning conditions.
The system effectively removes contaminants from the LiDAR sensor, ensuring accurate environmental detection and reducing safety risks by maintaining sensor functionality.
Smart Images

Figure CN2025083572_25092025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
LIDAR CLEANING SYSTEMSCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION (S)
[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202410784279.0, filed on June 17, 2024, Chinese Patent Application No. 202410317237.6, filed on March 19, 2024, Chinese Patent Application No. 202421714059.2, filed on July 18, 2024, Chinese Patent Application No. 202421714045.0, filed on July 18, 2024, and Chinese Patent Application No. 202411328208.6, filed on September 23, 2024, the content of all of which is incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present disclosure relates to cleaning systems, in particular to cleaning systems for LiDAR sensors.BACKGROUND
[0003] Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensor is a sensor for vehicles, e.g., vehicles with advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and / or with autonomous driving. When a vehicle is driving, the vehicle often encounters weather, e.g., rain, snow, ice, wind and sand, and dusts, scratches, sewage, insect corpses, and / or mud stains can be formed on a cover of a LiDAR sensor installed on the vehicle, which may make the LiDAR sensor hard or unable to normally obtain environmental information around the vehicle, causing inaccurate or unsatisfactory detection results and even safety risks.SUMMARY
[0004] The present disclosure describes methods, devices, systems, subsystems, and techniques for cleaning systems, e.g., LiDAR cleaning systems for LiDAR sensors.
[0005] In an aspect, there is provided a LiDAR cleaning system, including: a wiper configured to be in touch with an exterior surface of a LiDAR sensor; and a driver system coupled to the wiper and configured to drive the wiper to be in an active state to perform a motion across the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor, where the wiper is detachable from the LiDAR cleaning system.
[0006] Optionally, the LiDAR sensor is configured to be movable between a first position and a second position, and the LiDAR cleaning system is configured such that the wiper is in touch with the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor when the LiDAR sensor is at the first position and the wiper is in the active state, and the wiper is away from the LiDAR sensor when the LiDAR sensor is at the second position and the wiper is in an inactive state.
[0007] Optionally, the LiDAR sensor is configured to be movable along a direction with respect to an outer surface of a terminal device, and the LiDAR sensor is at least partially above the outer surface along the direction when the LiDAR sensor is at the first position, and the LiDAR sensor is below the outer surface along the direction when the LiDAR is at the second position.
[0008] Optionally, when the LiDAR sensor is at the second position inside a terminal device, a decorative cover is filled into a hole corresponding to the LiDAR sensor on a body of the terminal device.
[0009] Optionally, the LiDAR cleaning system further includes a controller coupled to the driver system. The controller is configured to: receive at least one of a signal indicating that the LiDAR sensor is at the first position, a signal indicating that a surface condition of the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor is beyond a threshold, a signal indicating a weather condition, or a first user input signal to active the LiDAR cleaning system, and transmit a first control signal to the driver system to drive the wiper to move across the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor.
[0010] Optionally, the controller is configured to: determine that a predetermined cleaning process of the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor has been completed, and transmit a confirmation signal indicating that the predetermined cleaning process has been completed.
[0011] Optionally, the controller is configured to: receive a deactivation signal to deactivate the LiDAR cleaning system, the deactivation signal indicating at least one of the surface condition of the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor being below the threshold, the weather condition being changed, or a second user input signal to deactivate the LiDAR cleaning system, and transmit a second control signal to the driver system to drive the wiper back to an initial position corresponding to the inactive state.
[0012] Optionally, the LiDAR sensor includes a cover having the exterior surface, and a shape of the wiper is configured to be compatible with a shape of the cover, such that the wiper remains in touch with a corresponding portion of the exterior surface while the wiper is performing the motion across the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor.
[0013] Optionally, the wiper includes: a support frame; and a wiper body coupled to the support frame and configured to be in touch with the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor.
[0014] Optionally, the support frame includes a bendable metal.
[0015] Optionally, the wiper body includes bendable rubber or silicone.
[0016] Optionally, the wiper body is coupled to the support frame by bonding, hot riveting, or a mechanical connection.
[0017] Optionally, the wiper further includes: a first wiper rotating shaft coupled to a first end of the support frame; and a second wiper rotating shaft coupled to a second end of the support frame, where the second end of the support frame is opposite to the first end of the support frame along a first axis around which the wiper performs a reciprocating rotating motion.
[0018] Optionally, the first wiper rotating shaft and the second wiper rotating shaft are coupled to the support frame by riveting or welding.
[0019] Optionally, the LiDAR cleaning system further includes: a wiper driving assembly coupled to the first wiper rotating shaft and configured to connect the wiper and the driver system.
[0020] Optionally, the wiper driving assembly includes: a connection bushing coupled to a power output shaft of the driver system; and a coupling assembly configured to couple the connection bushing and the first wiper rotating shaft of the wiper, where the driver system is configured to drive the power output shaft to rotate the connection bushing around the first axis to cause the reciprocating rotating motion of the wiper through the first wiper rotating shaft of the wiper.
[0021] Optionally, the connection bushing is coupled to the power output shaft by welding.
[0022] Optionally, the power output shaft has a D-shape, a square shape, or a polygon shape.
[0023] Optionally, the LiDAR cleaning system further includes: a wiper support assembly coupled to the second wiper rotating shaft and configured to support the reciprocating rotation motion of the wiper.
[0024] Optionally, the wiper support assembly includes: a rotating bushing coupled to the second wiper rotating shaft of the wiper and configured to be rotatable around the first axis driven by a rotation of the second wiper rotating shaft of the wiper; a coupling assembly configured to couple the second wiper rotating shaft of the wiper and a first end of rotating bushing; and a bearing coupled to a second end of the rotating bushing and configured to support a rotation of the rotating bushing.
[0025] Optionally, the wiper support assembly further includes: a bearing housing coupled to the bearing and configured to restrain a movement of the bearing along the first axis, a second axis and a third axis that are perpendicular to one another; and a bearing gland coupled to the bearing housing and configured to support the bearing.
[0026] Optionally, the wiper support assembly further includes: a sealing ring coupled to the bearing gland and configured to at least protect the bearing from liquid or dust.
[0027] Optionally, the sealing ring is positioned inside a recess of the bearing gland and at least partially in contact with the rotating bushing.
[0028] Optionally, the sealing ring is positioned inside the recess of the bearing gland by gluing.
[0029] Optionally, the wiper body is detachable from the supporting frame.
[0030] Optionally, a radial flexibility of the wiper is greater than an axial flexibility of the wiper.
[0031] Optionally, the driver system includes: a motor; a transmission assembly coupled to the motor; and a power output shaft coupled to the transmission assembly and the wiper, where the transmission assembly is configured to change a rotation speed of the motor for the power output shaft.
[0032] Optionally, the transmission assembly includes a plurality of transmission changers including: a first transmission changer to change the rotation speed of the motor to a first speed; and a second transmission changer to change the first speed to a second speed for the power output shaft.
[0033] Optionally, the first speed is smaller than the rotation speed, and the second speed is smaller than the first speed.
[0034] Optionally, the first speed is smaller than the rotation speed, the second speed is higher than the first speed, and the second speed is smaller than the rotation speed.
[0035] Optionally, the transmission assembly includes: a worm coupled to an output shaft of the motor and configured to be rotatable around a first axis driven by the motor; and a worm gear coupled to the worm and configured to be rotatable around a second axis driven by a rotation of the worm, the second axis being perpendicular to the first axis.
[0036] Optionally, a number of gear teeth of the worm gear is greater than a number of starts or threads on the worm.
[0037] Optionally, the worm is coupled to the output shaft of the motor by gluing or interference fit.
[0038] Optionally, the transmission assembly further includes: an intermediate shaft coupled to the worm gear and configured to be rotatable around the second axis driven by a rotation of the worm gear; an input gear coupled to the intermediate shaft and configured to be rotatable around the first axis driven by a rotation of the intermediate shaft; and an output gear coupled to the input gear and configured to be rotatable around the first axis driven by a rotation of the input gear, where the power output shaft is coupled to the output gear and configured to be rotatable around the second axis driven by a rotation of the output gear.
[0039] Optionally, a number of gear teeth of the output gear is smaller than a number of the gear teeth of the input gear.
[0040] Optionally, the worm gear is coupled to the intermediate shaft by a shaped inner bore of the worm gear.
[0041] Optionally, the transmission assembly further includes: a first bearing coupled to a first end of the intermediate shaft; and a second bearing coupled to a second end of the intermediate shaft, where the first bearing and the second bearing are mounted on a housing of the transmission assembly along the second axis.
[0042] Optionally, the driver system includes: a motor; a conveyor belt coupled to the motor and extending along a first axis, where the conveyor belt is configured to be moveable along the first axis driven by the motor; and a power output shaft coupled to the conveyor belt and the wiper, where the power output shaft is configured to be rotatable about a second axis, and a rotation of the power output shaft drives the reciprocating rotating motion of the wiper around the second axis.
[0043] Optionally, the conveyor belt includes a closed belt made of a flexible material.
[0044] Optionally, the second axis is perpendicular to the first axis.
[0045] Optionally, the LiDAR cleaning system further includes a fluidic system configured to dispense a fluid to the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor.
[0046] Optionally, the fluidic system includes: a fluidic conduit; and at least one fluidic nozzle coupled to the fluidic conduit and configured to dispense the fluid from the fluidic conduit to the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor.
[0047] Optionally, the fluidic system further includes: a valve configured to control the fluid into the fluidic conduit, where the valve is configured to be turned on or off by an electromagnet switch that is controllable by a control circuitry.
[0048] Optionally, the LiDAR sensor has a cover having the exterior surface, and the at least one fluidic nozzle is configured to spray the fluid onto the cover.
[0049] Optionally, the at least one fluidic nozzle includes multiple fluidic nozzles around the cover when the LiDAR sensor is at the first position.
[0050] Optionally, the at least one fluidic nozzle is configured to dispense no greater than 5 grams of liquid per spray.
[0051] Optionally, the fluidic system is configured to dispense the fluid with a time interval between adjacent sprays.
[0052] Optionally, the LiDAR cleaning system further includes a heating system configured to heat the fluid in the fluidic system.
[0053] Optionally, the heating system includes a heating element made of electric wires.
[0054] Optionally, the electric wires are wrapped around at least one portion of the fluidic conduit.
[0055] Optionally, the heating system is coupled to a control circuitry and configured to be controlled by the control circuity.
[0056] In an aspect, there is provided a method of cleaning an exterior surface of a LiDAR sensor by a LiDAR cleaning system according to any one of the preceding aspects.
[0057] In an aspect, there is provided a LiDAR cleaning system including: a wiper configured to be in touch with an exterior surface of a cover of a LiDAR sensor; and a driver system including at least one rod assembly coupled to the wiper, the at least one rod assembly including a first rod and a second rod, the second rod including a first end coupled to the first rod and a second end coupled to the wiper, where the driver system is configured to drive the first rod to move the second rod along an edge of the cover to thereby move the wiper across the exterior surface of the cover.
[0058] Optionally, the cover includes a first edge as the edge of the cover and a second edge, the first edge and the second edge extending along a first direction, and the LiDAR sensor includes first and second opposite sides extending along a second direction different from the first direction, and the cover is between the first and second opposite sides along a third direction different from the first direction and the second direction.
[0059] Optionally, the cover has a width defined by a distance of the first and second opposite sides and a height defined by a length of the first edge or a length of the second edge.
[0060] Optionally, the height is smaller than the width.
[0061] Optionally, the at least rod assembly includes a first rod assembly and a second rod assembly, and each of the first rod assembly and the second rod assembly includes a respective first rod mounted on a corresponding one of the first and second opposite sides and a respective second rod coupled to the respective first rod and configured to be movable along a respective one of the first edge and the second edge to move the wiper across the exterior surface of the cover along the first direction.
[0062] Optionally, a motion of the first rod assembly is in synchronization with a motion of the second rod assembly.
[0063] Optionally, the first rod is mounted on a joint fixed on a corresponding side of the first side and the second side.
[0064] Optionally, the first rod includes a telescopic rod, and where the driver system includes an actuator configured to: drive the first rod to rotate around the joint to cause the first rod to extend to change a length of the first rod to move the second rod along the edge of the cover, or drive the first rod to extend to cause the first rod to rotate around the joint to change a length of the first rod to move the second rod along the edge of the cover.
[0065] Optionally, the driver system is configured to rotate or extend the first rod with respect to the joint to change a length of a portion of the first rod between the joint and the edge of the cover to move the second rod along the edge of the cover.
[0066] Optionally, the at least one rod assembly further includes a third rod, and a first end of the third rod is coupled to an end of the edge of the cover and a second end of the third rod is coupled to the first end of the second rod and the first rod at a connection joint.
[0067] Optionally, each of the second rod and the third rod includes a rigid rod.
[0068] Optionally, a sum of a length of the second rod and a length of the third rod is identical to a length of the edge of the cover.
[0069] Optionally, the third rod is rotatable around the end of the edge of the cover while the second rod is moving towards or away from the end of the edge along the edge of the cover.
[0070] Optionally, the first rod is mounted on a rod joint fixed on a corresponding side of the first side and the second side, and the driver system is configured to change a length of at least one portion of the first rod between the rod joint and the connection joint to move the second rod along the edge of the cover.
[0071] Optionally, the first rod is rotatable around the rod joint while the second end of the second rod is moving along the edge of the cover.
[0072] Optionally, the driver system is configured such that, at a first state of the wiper where the connection joint is on the edge of the cover, the length of the at least one portion of the first rod is maximum during a movement of the wiper across the exterior surface of the cover.
[0073] Optionally, a rod joint is on an edge of a corresponding side of the first and second opposite sides, where a first end of the first rod is mounted to the rod joint on the edge of the corresponding side and a second end of the first rod is coupled to the connection joint.
[0074] Optionally, the driver system is configured to change the length of the at least one portion of the first rod between the rod joint and the connection joint along the second direction.
[0075] Optionally, the driver system is configured to change the length of the at least one portion of the first rod between the rod joint and the connection joint by extending the first rod beyond the end of the edge of the cover and changing an extension portion of the first rod between the end of the edge of the cover and the connection point.
[0076] Optionally, the driver system is configured to change the length of the at least one portion of the first rod between the rod joint and the connection joint by shortening the first rod between the end of the edge of the cover and the rod joint.
[0077] Optionally, the driver system is configured to cause a reciprocating motion of the at least one rod assembly between a first state and a second state to move the wiper across the exterior surface of the cover between a first end of the edge of the cover and a second end of the cover, and when the at least one rod assembly is in the first state, the wiper is located at the first end of the edge of the cover, and when the at least one rod assembly is in the second state, the wiper is located at the second end of the edge of the cover.
[0078] Optionally, the driver system includes an actuator coupled to the at least one rod assembly and a spring coupled to the first rod, the actuator is configured to drive the at least one rod assembly from the first state towards the second state, and the spring is configured to cause the at least one rod assembly from the second state back to the first state.
[0079] Optionally, the spring is coupled between an end of the first rod and a joint on a side of the LiDAR sensor.
[0080] Optionally, the first rod is mounted on a rod joint on a side of the LiDAR sensor, and the spring is coupled between a point of the first rod between ends of the first rod and another joint on a side of the LiDAR sensor.
[0081] In an aspect, there is provided a LiDAR cleaning system, including: a wiper configured to be in touch with an exterior surface of a cover of a LiDAR sensor; and a driver system including at least one rod assembly coupled to the wiper, the at least one rod assembly including a rod having a first end coupled to the wiper and a second end coupled to a joint movable in a channel mounted on a side of the LiDAR sensor, the channel extending along an edge of the cover, where the driver system is configured to drive the rod of the at least one rod assembly along the channel to thereby move the wiper across the exterior surface of the cover.
[0082] Optionally, the LiDAR cleaning system further includes: a guide along the edge of the cover, where the wiper is movable in the guide when moved by the rod of the at least one rod assembly.
[0083] Optionally, the cover includes a first edge as the edge of the cover and a second edge, the first edge and the second edge extending along a first direction, where the LiDAR sensor includes first and second opposite sides extending along a second direction different from the first direction, and the cover is between the first and second opposite sides along a third direction different from the first direction and the second direction.
[0084] Optionally, the cover has a width defined by a distance of the first and second opposite sides and a height defined by a length of the first edge or a length of the second edge, the height being smaller than the width.
[0085] Optionally, the at least rod assembly includes a first rod assembly and a second rod assembly. The first rod assembly includes a first rod having a first end coupled to a first end of the wiper and a second end coupled to a first joint movable in a first channel mounted on the first side of the LiDAR sensor, and the second rod assembly includes a second rod having a first end coupled to a second end of the wiper and a second end coupled to a second joint movable in a second channel mounted on the second side of the LiDAR sensor. The driver system is configured to drive the first joint to move in the first channel and the second joint to move in the second channel to thereby move the wiper across the exterior surface of the cover.
[0086] Optionally, the LiDAR cleaning system further includes: a first guide along the first edge of the cover, where the first end of the wiper is movable in the first guide; and a second guide along the second edge of the cover, where the second end of the wiper is movable in the second guide, where the driver system is configured to drive the first rod and the second rod to move the first end of the wiper in the first guide and the second end of the wiper in the second guide to thereby move the wiper across the exterior surface of the cover, and where a motion of the first rod assembly is associated with a motion of the second rod assembly.
[0087] Optionally, the rod includes a telescopic rod, and where the driver system includes an actuator configured to drive the rod along the channel to change a length of the rod to move the wiper across the exterior surface of the cover.
[0088] Optionally, the channel is configured to extend substantially same as a contour of the side of the LiDAR sensor, such that a length of the rod remains unchanged while the rod is moving in the channel.
[0089] Optionally, the rod includes a rigid rod.
[0090] In an aspect, there is provided a LiDAR cleaning system, including: a wiper configured to be in touch with an exterior surface of a cover of a LiDAR sensor; and a driver system including: a rotation assembly mounted on a side of the LiDAR sensor; and a driving belt coupled to the wiper and being movable on the rotation assembly, where the driver system is configured to drive the rotation assembly to move the driving belt to thereby move the wiper across the exterior surface of the cover.
[0091] Optionally, the rotation assembly includes: a primary roller mounted on the side of the LiDAR sensor; and two or more secondary rollers mounted on an edge of the cover, where the driver system includes an electric motor configured to drive the primary roller to rotate such that the driving belt is pulled around the primary roller and two secondary rollers to move the wiper between the two ends of the edge of the cover.
[0092] Optionally, the electric motor is configured to drive the primary roller to rotate back and forth within a limited angle range corresponding to a distance of the edge of the cover to cause a reciprocating motion of the wiper.
[0093] Optionally, the cover includes a first edge and a second edge extending along a first direction, and the LiDAR sensor includes first and second opposite sides extending along a second direction different from the first direction, and the cover is between the first and second opposite sides along a third direction different from the first direction and the second direction.
[0094] Optionally, the cover has a width defined by a distance of the first and second opposite sides and a height defined by a length of the first edge or a length of the second edge, the height being smaller than the width.
[0095] Optionally, the driver assembly includes: a first rotation assembly being the rotation assembly and a first driving belt being the driving belt; and a second rotation assembly and a second driving belt. The first rotation assembly is mounted on the first side of the LiDAR sensor, and the second rotation assembly is mounted on the second side of the LiDAR sensor. The first driving belt is coupled to a first end of the wiper and the second driving belt is coupled to a second end of the wiper, and the driver system is configured to drive the first rotation assembly to move the first driving belt and the second rotation assembly to move the second driving belt to thereby move the wiper across the exterior surface of the cover, and where a motion of the first driving belt is associated with a motion of the second driving belt.
[0096] In an aspect, there is provided a LiDAR cleaning system, including: a wiper configured to be in touch with an exterior surface of a cover of a LiDAR sensor; and a driver system including at least one rod assembly coupled to the wiper, the at least one rod assembly including a telescopic rod having a first part and a second part, the first part being freely movable into an inner of the second part or out from the inner of the second part, where the driver system is configured to change a length of the telescopic rod by the first part moving with respect to the second part to move the wiper across the exterior surface of the cover.
[0097] Optionally, the telescopic rod is coupled to a joint mounted on a side of the LiDAR sensor, and the driver system is configured to rotate the telescopic rod around the joint to change the length of the telescopic rod.
[0098] Optionally, the LiDAR cleaning system further includes a guide along an edge of the cover, where an end of the wiper is coupled to a connector confined in the guide and movable in the guide.
[0099] Optionally, a proximal end of the telescopic rod is coupled to a side of the LiDAR sensor and a distal end of the telescopic rod is coupled to the wiper, and where the driver system is configured to change the length of the telescopic rod by rotating the telescopic rod around the proximal end.
[0100] Optionally, a proximal end of the telescopic rod is coupled to a chute mounted on a side of the LiDAR sensor and a distal end of the telescopic rod is coupled to the wiper, and where the driver system is configured to drive the telescopic rod to move along the chute.
[0101] Optionally, the at least one rod assembly further includes a rigid rod, where a first end of the rigid rod is coupled to the wiper and a second end of the rigid rod is coupled to a distal end of the telescopic rod, and a proximal end of the telescopic rod is fixedly coupled to a side of the LiDAR sensor, and where a first end of an edge of the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor is further to the distal end of the telescopic rod than a second end of the edge of the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor to the distal end of the telescopic rod.
[0102] Optionally, the at least one rod assembly further includes: a first rigid rod having a first end coupled to the wiper and a second end coupled to a distal end of the telescopic rod; and a second rigid rod having a first end coupled to the distal end of the telescopic rod and a second end coupled to an end of an edge of the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor, where a proximal end of the telescopic rod is coupled to a side of the LiDAR sensor, and the driver system is configured to change the length of the telescopic rod by at least one of a rotation of the telescopic rod around the proximal end or a telescopic movement of the telescopic rod.
[0103] Optionally, the exterior surface includes a flat surface or a curved surface.
[0104] Optionally, the LiDAR cleaning system further includes: a fluidic system including at least one fluidic nozzle configured to dispense at least one of gas or liquid to the exterior surface of cover of the LiDAR sensor.
[0105] Optionally, the LiDAR cleaning system further includes: a second driver system configured to the fluidic system and configured to move the fluidic nozzle between a first position and a second position along a direction, such that the fluidic nozzle is above the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor along the direction while the wiper is in the active state and below the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor along the direction while the wiper is an inactive state.
[0106] Optionally, the fluidic nozzle is integrated with the wiper and extends along a length of the wiper, and the fluidic nozzle is movable together with the wiper.
[0107] In an aspect, there is provided a method of cleaning an exterior surface of a LiDAR sensor by a LiDAR cleaning system according to any one of the 53rd aspect to the 102nd aspect.
[0108] In an aspect, there is provided a LiDAR cleaning system, including: a wiper configured to be in touch with an exterior surface of a LiDAR sensor; a fluidic system including a fluidic nozzle configured to dispense a fluid to the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor while the wiper is in an active state and configured to perform a motion across the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor; and a driver system configured to the fluidic system and configured to move the fluidic nozzle between a first position and a second position along a direction, such that the fluidic nozzle is above the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor along the direction while the wiper is in the active state and below the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor along the direction while the wiper is an inactive state.
[0109] Optionally, the wiper and the fluidic nozzle are arranged together, and the driver system is configured to move the wiper and the fluidic nozzle together.
[0110] Optionally, the fluidic nozzle includes a nozzle body and a plurality of openings, and the wiper is mounted on the nozzle body, and the plurality of openings are distributed on the nozzle body.
[0111] Optionally, the fluidic nozzle includes an inlet and the plurality of openings as outlets of the fluidic nozzle, and the fluidic system includes a fluidic conduit having a first end coupled to the inlet of the fluidic nozzle and a second end coupled to a fluid supply.
[0112] Optionally, the driver system includes a first driver assembly and a second driver assembly coupled to the first driver assembly, and the wiper and the fluidic nozzle is arranged on the second driver assembly, the first driver assembly is configured to move the second driver assembly between the first position and the second position along the direction, and the second driver assembly is configured to: after the second driver assembly is moved to the first position, move the fluidic nozzle and the wiper across the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor along a second direction different from the direction.
[0113] Optionally, the first driver assembly includes a first electric motor, a first shaft coupled to the first electric motor, and a base coupled to the first shaft, and where the second driver assembly is mounted on the base, and the first electric motor is configured to drive the first shaft to move the base along the direction.
[0114] Optionally, the second driver assembly includes a series of extension components coupled with one another, and the fluidic nozzle and the wiper are coupled to an end of the series of extension components. The second driver assembly is configured to extend the series of extension components along the second direction, a total extension length of the series of extension components being no shorter than a length of the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor along the second direction.
[0115] Optionally, the second driver assembly includes a second electric motor and a second shaft coupled to the second electric motor and the series of extension components, and the second electric motor is configured to drive the second shaft to extend the series of extension components.
[0116] Optionally, the LiDAR cleaning system further includes a controller coupled to the first driver assembly and the second driver assembly.
[0117] Optionally, the controller is configured to: control the first driver assembly to move the second driver assembly to the first position, then control the second driver assembly to cause the wiper to perform a reciprocating motion across the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor, while controlling the fluidic nozzle to dispense the fluid onto the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor.
[0118] Optionally, the LiDAR cleaning system further includes a second driver system coupled to the wiper and configured to control the wiper to move across the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor.
[0119] Optionally, the second driver system is configured to control the wiper independently from the driver system controlling the fluidic nozzle.
[0120] Optionally, the wiper includes a wiper body and a wiper arm having a first end coupled to the wiper body and a second end coupled to the second driver system.
[0121] Optionally, the wiper arm has an L shape, and the wiper body has a shape compatible with a shape of the exterior surface.
[0122] Optionally, the second driver system is configured to rotate the wiper arm within an angle range to drive the wiper body across the exterior surface from a first edge of an area of the exterior surface to a second edge of the area of the exterior surface, the first edge and the second edge extending along a second direction.
[0123] Optionally, a length of the wiper body along the second direction is greater than a width of an area of the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor along the second direction.
[0124] Optionally, the area has a height along a third direction different from the second direction, and the height is smaller than the width.
[0125] Optionally, the wiper body has a taper end with an arc shape, and where the LiDAR sensor has one or more stops adjacent to at least one of the first edge or the second edge of the area.
[0126] Optionally, the second driver system is configured to drive the wiper arm to push the taper end of the wiper body against at least one of the one or more stops to move along the second direction, such that the wiper body reaches a portion of the area adjacent to the first edge or the second edge.
[0127] Optionally, the wiper includes a spring coupled between the wiper body and the first end of the wiper arm.
[0128] Optionally, an area of the exterior surface has a width along a second direction and a height along a third direction perpendicular to the second direction. The second driver system is configured to control the wiper to move via at least one track across the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor, the at least on track extending along one of the second direction and the third direction.
[0129] Optionally, the width is greater than the height, and the at least one track extends along the second direction.
[0130] Optionally, the area has a first edge and a second edge extending along the second direction, a distance of the first edge and the second edge along the third direction defines the height. The at least one track includes a first track arranged adjacent to the first edge, and a second track arranged adjacent to the second edge, and the wiper has a first end coupled to the first track and a second end coupled to the second track.
[0131] Optionally, the at least one track includes a screw rod.
[0132] Optionally, the second driver system includes an electric motor coupled to the screw rod through one or more transmission gears, and the electric motor is configured to rotate the screw rod to drive the wiper to move linearly along the one of the second direction and the third direction.
[0133] Optionally, the second driver system includes a pair of arms respectively coupled to two ends of the wiper, and the second driver system is configured to rotate the pair of arms to linearly move the wiper across the exterior surface of the LiDAR.
[0134] Optionally, the LiDAR sensor includes first and second opposite sides extending along the direction, and the exterior surface is between the first and second opposite sides along one of a second direction or a third direction perpendicular to the direction, and each arm of the pair of arms is rotatable around a respective joint mounted on a corresponding side of the first and second opposite sides.
[0135] Optionally, an area of the exterior surface includes a first edge and a second edge extending along the second direction, and the second driver system is configured to rotate the pair of arms to move the wiper from the first edge to the second edge across the exterior surface of the LiDAR.
[0136] Optionally, the second driver system is configured such that, while the arm rotates around the respective joint, the arm is linearly movable through the respective joint to change a length of a portion of the arm between the exterior surface and the respective joint to make the wiper be in touch with the exterior surface.
[0137] Optionally, each arm of the pair of arms includes a telescopic rod, and the second driver system is configured to change a length of the telescopic rod between the exterior surface of the respective joint to make the wiper be in touch with the exterior surface.
[0138] Optionally, the controller is configured to: receive at least one of a detection signal indicating a condition of the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor, a signal indicating a weather condition, or a user input signal, and control, based on the detection signal, the driver system to move the wiper across the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor and the fluidic system to dispense the fluid onto the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor.
[0139] Optionally, the LiDAR cleaning system further includes a heating system coupled to the fluidic system and configured to heat the fluid before the fluid is dispensed from the fluid nozzle.
[0140] Optionally, the LiDAR sensor includes first and second opposite sides extending along the direction, and the exterior surface is between the first and second opposite sides along a second direction perpendicular to the direction, and the fluidic system and the driver system are arranged adjacent to one of the first and second opposite sides of the LiDAR sensor.
[0141] In an aspect, there is provided a method of cleaning an exterior surface of a LiDAR sensor using a LiDAR cleaning system any one of the 104th aspect to 136th aspect.
[0142] In an aspect, there is provided a LiDAR cleaning system, including: a liquid fluidic system including a liquid nozzle configured to dispense liquid to an exterior surface of a LiDAR sensor; a gas fluidic system including a gas nozzle configured to dispense gas to the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor; and a first driver coupled to the gas fluidic system and configured to drive the gas nozzle to move between a first position and a second position along a first direction, where the gas nozzle is above the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor at the first position and below the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor at the second position along the first direction.
[0143] Optionally, the LiDAR cleaning system further includes a second driver coupled to the liquid fluidic system and configured to drive the liquid nozzle to move between a third position and a fourth position along a second direction, where the liquid nozzle is above the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor at the third position and below the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor at the fourth position along the second direction.
[0144] Optionally, the LiDAR sensor includes a first side and a second side, and the exterior surface is between the first side and the second side.
[0145] Optionally, the gas fluidic system and the first driver are arranged adjacent to the first side of the LiDAR sensor, and the liquid fluidic system and the second driver are arranged adjacent to the second side of the LiDAR sensor.
[0146] Optionally, the gas fluidic system and the first driver, and the liquid fluidic system and the second driver are arranged adjacent to the first side of the LiDAR sensor.
[0147] Optionally, the gas fluidic system and the first driver are arranged closer to the first side of the LiDAR sensor than the liquid fluidic system and the second driver.
[0148] Optionally, the LiDAR cleaning system further includes a second liquid fluidic system and a second gas fluidic system arranged adjacent to the second side of the LiDAR sensor.
[0149] Optionally, the LiDAR cleaning system further includes a controller coupled to the first driver and the second driver and configured to independently control the first driver and the second driver.
[0150] Optionally, the controller is configured to control the first driver to move the gas nozzle to the first position and the second driver to move the liquid nozzle to the third position, such that the gas being dispensed from the gas nozzle onto the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor is separate from the liquid dispensed from the liquid nozzle onto the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor.
[0151] Optionally, the controller is configured to control the first driver and the second driver to sequentially move the gas nozzle to the first position and move the liquid nozzle to the third position.
[0152] Optionally, a projection of the gas from the gas nozzle onto the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor and a projection of the liquid from the liquid nozzle onto the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor are offset from each other.
[0153] Optionally, the controller is configured to: control the gas fluidic system to dispense the gas from the gas nozzle when the gas nozzle is at the first position, and control the liquid fluidic system to dispense the liquid from the liquid nozzle when the liquid nozzle is at the third position.
[0154] Optionally, the controller is configured to: receive at least one of a detection signal indicating a condition of the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor, a signal indicating a weather condition, or a user input signal, and control at least one of the first driver or the second driver based on the received signal.
[0155] Optionally, the controller is configured to: in response to determining that the condition of the exterior surface is beyond a first threshold but below a second threshold, control the first driver to move the gas nozzle to the first position and control the gas fluidic system to dispense the gas from the gas nozzle onto the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor; and in response to determining that the condition of the exterior surface is beyond the second threshold, i) control the first driver to move the gas nozzle from the second position to the first position and control the gas fluidic system to dispense the gas from the gas nozzle onto the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor, and ii) control the second driver to move the liquid nozzle from the fourth position to the third position and control the liquid fluidic system to dispense the liquid from the liquid nozzle onto the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor.
[0156] Optionally, the controller is configured to: control the gas fluidic system to dispense the gas from the gas nozzle onto the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor before controlling the liquid fluidic system to dispense the liquid from the liquid nozzle onto the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor, control the gas fluidic system to dispense the gas from the gas nozzle onto the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor after controlling the liquid fluidic system to dispense the liquid from the liquid nozzle onto the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor, or firstly control the gas fluidic system to dispense the gas from the gas nozzle onto the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor, secondly control the liquid fluidic system to dispense the liquid from the liquid nozzle onto the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor, and thirdly control the gas fluidic system to dispense the gas to remove a residual of the liquid on the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor.
[0157] Optionally, the LiDAR cleaning system further includes a first cover for the gas fluidic system and a second cover for the liquid fluidic system. When the gas nozzle is at the second position and the liquid nozzle is at the further position, the first cover, the second cover, and the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor are compatible with a corresponding contour of a terminal device installed with the LiDAR sensor.
[0158] Optionally, the LiDAR cleaning system further includes a heating system coupled to the fluidic system and configured to heat the liquid before the liquid is dispensed from the liquid nozzle.
[0159] In an aspect, there is provided a method of cleaning an exterior surface of a LiDAR sensor. The method includes: moving a gas nozzle of a gas fluidic system to a first position from a second position along a first direction, the gas nozzle being beyond the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor at the first position and below the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor at the second position; dispensing gas from the gas nozzle onto the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor while the gas nozzle is at the first position; moving a liquid nozzle of a liquid fluidic system to a third position from a fourth position along a second direction, the liquid nozzle being beyond the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor at the third position and below the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor at the fourth position; and dispensing liquid from the liquid nozzle onto the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor while the liquid nozzle is at the third position.
[0160] Optionally, the method further includes: before dispensing the liquid from the liquid nozzle onto the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor while the liquid nozzle is at the third position, moving the gas nozzle of the gas fluidic system from the first position back to the second position.
[0161] Optionally, the method further includes: before dispensing the liquid from the liquid nozzle onto the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor, dispensing the gas from the gas nozzle onto the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor to remove a residual of the liquid on the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor.
[0162] Optionally, the method further includes: receiving at least one of a detection signal indicating a condition of the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor, a signal indicating a weather condition, or a user input signal; and controlling at least one of the first driver or the second driver based on the received signal.
[0163] Optionally, moving the gas nozzle of the gas fluidic system to the first position from the second position along the first direction is in response to determining that the condition of the exterior surface is beyond a first threshold but below a second threshold.
[0164] Optionally, the method includes: in response to determining that the condition of the exterior surface is beyond the second threshold, controlling a first driver to move the gas nozzle from the second position to the first position and controlling the gas fluidic system to dispense the gas from the gas nozzle onto the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor, and controlling a second driver to move the liquid nozzle from the fourth position to the third position and controlling the liquid fluidic system to dispense the liquid from the liquid nozzle onto the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor.
[0165] In an aspect, there is provided a LiDAR lifting system, including: a transmission assembly coupled to a first end of a support structure for a LiDAR sensor; a bushing coupled to a second end of the support structure; and a driver coupled to the transmission assembly. The driver is configured to drive the transmission assembly to move the support structure and the LiDAR sensor mounted on the support structure in at least one of a first direction or a second direction opposite to the first direction.
[0166] Optionally, the transmission assembly includes: a lead screw coupled to the driver and configured to be rotated by the driver around a first axis; and a screw nut coupled to the lead screw and the first end of the support structure. The screw nut is configured to be driven by a rotation of the lead screw along the first axis. The support structure and the LiDAR sensor are movable together with the screw nut in at least one of the first direction or the second direction along the first axis.
[0167] Optionally, the lead screw includes a ball screw.
[0168] Optionally, an inner surface of the screw nut is coupled to the lead screw and an outer surface of the screw nut is coupled to the first end of the support structure.
[0169] Optionally, the driver and the lead screw are stacked together along the first axis.
[0170] Optionally, the second end of the support structure is opposite to the first end of the support structure along a second axis, and the LiDAR lifting system further includes: a guide bar coupled to the bushing extending along a third axis parallel to the first axis, where the bushing is movable in at least one of the first direction or the second direction on the guide bar along the third axis.
[0171] Optionally, an inner of the bushing is coupled to the guide bar and an outer of the bushing is coupled to the second end of the support structure.
[0172] Optionally, the bushing includes graphene copper.
[0173] Optionally, the support structure includes a middle portion between the first end and the second end of the support structure, the middle portion being higher than the first end and the second end along the second axis, where the LiDAR sensor is mounted on a surface of the middle portion.
[0174] Optionally, the LiDAR lifting system further includes one or more stoppers configured to stop a movement of the LiDAR sensor.
[0175] Optionally, the one or more stoppers include at least one of at least one first stopper configured to stop a movement of the screw nut on the lead screw, or at least one second stopper configured to stop a movement of the bushing on the guide bar. The one or more stoppers are stationary during the movement of the LiDAR sensor.
[0176] Optionally, the driver is configured to drive the transmission assembly to move the LiDAR sensor between a first predetermined position and a second predetermined position along the first direction or the second direction.
[0177] Optionally, the driver is configured to drive the transmission assembly to move the LiDAR sensor from the first predetermined position to the second predetermined position in a time period no more than 3 seconds.
[0178] Optionally, at the first predetermined position, a top surface of the LiDAR sensor is below an outer surface of a terminal device, and at the second predetermined position, the top surface of the LiDAR sensor is above the outer surface of the terminal device.
[0179] Optionally, at the second predetermined position, a distance between the top surface of the LiDAR sensor and the outer surface of the terminal device along the first direction is no more than 30 mm.
[0180] Optionally, the LiDAR lifting system further includes: a position detector configured to detect whether the LiDAR sensor is at a predetermined position, and a control circuit coupled to the position detector and the driver and configured to transmit one or more control signals to the driver to drive the transmission assembly to move the LiDAR sensor to the predetermined position.
[0181] Optionally, the driver is configured to receive a control signal from a control system and drive the transmission assembly to move the LiDAR sensor to a predetermined position based on the control signal.
[0182] Optionally, the driver includes an electric motor.
[0183] In an aspect, there is provided a method for moving a LiDAR sensor by a LiDAR lifting system according to any one of claims the 161st aspect to the 178th aspect.
[0184] In an aspect, there is provided a method of moving a LiDAR sensor by a LiDAR lifting system. The method includes: receiving a control signal to move the LiDAR sensor; and activating a driver of the LiDAR lifting system to drive a transmission assembly of the LiDAR lifting system to move a support structure where the LiDAR sensor is mounted to a predetermined position based on the control signal. The support structure includes a first end coupled to the transmission assembly and a second end coupled to a bushing.
[0185] Optionally, the method further includes: detecting whether the LiDAR sensor reaches the predetermined position; and in response to detecting the LiDAR is at the predetermined position, deactivating the driver.
[0186] Optionally, the method further includes: in response to determining that the transmission assembly is blocked by at least one stopper, deactivating the driver, where the at least one stopper includes a stopper corresponding to the predetermined position.
[0187] Optionally, the driver is configured to drive the transmission assembly in at least one of a first direction or a second direction opposite to the first direction.
[0188] Optionally, the power transmission assembly includes: a lead screw coupled to the driver and configured to be rotated by the driver around a first axis; and a screw nut coupled to the lead screw and a first end of the support structure, where the screw nut is configured to be driven by a rotation of the lead screw along the first axis, where the support structure and the LiDAR sensor are movable together with the screw nut in at least one of the first direction or the second direction along the first axis.
[0189] Optionally, the second end of the support structure is opposite to the first end of the support structure along a second axis, and the LiDAR lifting system includes: a guide bar coupled to the bushing extending along a third axis parallel to the first axis, where the bushing is movable in at least one of the first direction or the second direction on the guide bar along the third axis.
[0190] In an aspect, there is provided a LiDAR cleaning system including a wiper configured to be in touch with an exterior surface of a LiDAR sensor; and a driver system coupled to the wiper and configured to drive the wiper to be in an active state to perform a motion across the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor. The LiDAR cleaning system is configured to be movable between a first position and a second position, such that the wiper is in touch with the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor when the LiDAR cleaning system is at the first position and the wiper is in the active state, and the LiDAR cleaning system is positioned inside the LiDAR sensor when the LiDAR cleaning system is at the second position and the wiper is in an inactive state.
[0191] In an aspect, there is provided a LiDAR system including a LiDAR sensor and a LiDAR cleaning system configured to clean an exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor. The LiDAR cleaning system includes: a LiDAR cleaning system according to any one of the first aspect to the 52nd aspect, a LiDAR cleaning system according to any one of the 53rd aspect to the 103rd aspect, a LiDAR cleaning system according to any one of the 104th aspect to the 137th aspect, a LiDAR cleaning system according to any one of the 138th aspect to the 160th aspect, or a LiDAR cleaning system according to the 186th aspect.
[0192] Optionally, the LiDAR system further includes a LiDAR detection system configured to: detect a surface condition of the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor, and determine whether the surface condition is beyond a threshold.
[0193] Optionally, the LiDAR detection system is configured to: in response to determining that the surface condition is beyond the threshold, transmit a trigger signal to activate the LiDAR cleaning system to clean the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor.
[0194] Optionally, the LiDAR system further includes a LiDAR lifting system coupled to the LiDAR sensor and configured to move the LiDAR sensor above an outer surface of a terminal device or below the outer surface of the terminal device along a direction. The LiDAR lifting system is configured to be activated based on a trigger signal to move at least the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor above the outer surface of the terminal device, such that the LiDAR cleaning system cleans the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor.
[0195] Optionally, the trigger signal includes at least one of a signal to activate the LiDAR cleaning system, or a signal indicating to activate the LiDAR sensor to work.
[0196] Optionally, the LiDAR lifting system includes a LiDAR lifting system according to any one of the 161st aspect to the 185th aspect.
[0197] Optionally, the LiDAR system further includes a control system coupled to the LiDAR cleaning system, the LiDAR detection system, and the LiDAR lifting system. The control system is configured to: transmit a first control signal based on the trigger signal to activate the LiDAR lifting system to move the LiDAR sensor above the outer surface of the terminal device, and transmit a second control signal based on the trigger signal to activate the LiDAR cleaning system to clean the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor.
[0198] Optionally, the control system is configured to: receive, from the LiDAR lifting system, a confirmation signal indicating that the LiDAR sensor is moved to a first predetermined position that is above the outer surface of the terminal device, and transmit the second signal to the LiDAR cleaning system.
[0199] Optionally, the control system is configured to: receive, from the LiDAR detection system, a second trigger signal indicating that a current surface condition of the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor is below the threshold, and transmit a third control signal to deactivate the LiDAR cleaning system.
[0200] Optionally, the terminal device comprises a vehicle, a drone, or a robot.
[0201] Optionally, the LiDAR system further includes a control system coupled to the LiDAR cleaning system and the LiDAR detection system. The control system is configured to: receive the trigger signal from the LiDAR detection system, and transmit a first control signal based on the trigger signal to activate the LiDAR cleaning system to clean the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor.
[0202] Optionally, the control system is configured to: receive, from the LiDAR detection system, a second trigger signal indicating that a current surface condition of the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor is below the threshold, transmit a second control signal to deactivate the LiDAR cleaning system.
[0203] In an aspect, there is provided a method of cleaning a LiDAR sensor by a LiDAR system according to any one of the 187th aspect to the 198th aspect.
[0204] In an aspect, there is provided a rotation driving assembly. The rotation driving assembly is configured to drive a rotatable structure. The rotation driving assembly includes a first rotational support, a second rotational support, a first clip, and a second clip. A first end of the first clip is configured to be connected to the rotatable structure, and a second end of the first clip is configured to be connected to the first rotational support. A first end of the second clip is configured to be connected to the rotatable structure, and a second end of the second clip is configured to be connected to the second rotational support. In the rotation driving assembly of this disclosure, an axial fastening rotatable structure is connected through a clip. Some embodiments of this disclosure can achieve fast plug and unplug of axial fastening rotatable structure. In such a case, the difficulty of disassembling and assembling the axial fastening rotatable structure can be reduced and the time and cost of disassembling and assembling the axial fastening rotatable structure can be saved.
[0205] Optionally, an axial first end of the first rotational support is formed with a first mounting hole, and the second end of the first clip is connected to the first mounting hole. An axial first end of the second rotational support is formed with a second mounting hole, and the second end of the second clip is connected to the second mounting hole.
[0206] Optionally, a first end of the rotatable structure is connected to the first end of the first clip. A second end of the rotatable structure is connected to the first end of the second clip.
[0207] Optionally, one of the first end of the rotatable structure and the first end of the first clip includes a third mounting hole, and the other of the first end of the rotatable structure and the first end of the first clip includes a first projection. The first projection is inserted into the third mounting hole. One of the second end of the rotatable structure and the first end of the second clip includes a fourth mounting hole, and the other of the second end of the rotatable structure and the first end of the second clip includes a second projection. The second projection is inserted into the fourth mounting hole.
[0208] Optionally, the first projection and the third mounting hole are configured to restrict sliding of the first projection relative to the third mounting hole. The second projection and the fourth mounting hole are configured to restrict the sliding of the second projection relative to the fourth mounting hole.
[0209] Optionally, at least one of the first clip and the second clip includes a shaft and a fastening assembly. A first end of the shaft is connected to the rotatable structure, and the shaft includes a fifth mounting hole. A first part of the fastening assembly is inserted into a fifth mounting hole of the shaft and fastened relative to the fifth mounting hole of the shaft.
[0210] Optionally, the second end of the first clip includes a first sleeve. A first end of the first sleeve is connected to a second part of the fastening assembly. A second end of the first sleeve is formed with a first clipping component. The second end of the first clip is clamped with the first mounting hole through the first clipping component. In the rotation driving assembly of this disclosure, the second part of the first clip is clamped with the first mounting hole through the first clipping component. Some embodiments of this disclosure can achieve fast plug and unplug of the axial fastening rotatable structure. In such a case, the difficulty of disassembling and assembling the axial fastening rotatable structure can be reduced and the time and the cost of disassembling and assembling the axial fastening rotatable structure can be saved.
[0211] Optionally, the second end of the second clip includes a second sleeve. A first end of the second sleeve is connected to the second part of the fastening assembly. A second end of the second sleeve is formed with the first clipping component. The second end of the second clip is clamped with the second mounting hole through the first clipping component. In the rotation driving assembly of this disclosure, the second end of the second clip is clamped with the second mounting hole through the first clipping component. Some embodiments of this disclosure can achieve the fast plug and unplug of the axial fastening rotatable structure. In such a case, the difficulty of disassembling and assembling the axial fastening rotatable structure can be reduced and the time and the cost of disassembling and assembling the axial fastening rotatable structure can be saved.
[0212] Optionally, a surface of the first part of the fastening assembly is formed with a thread. The fifth mounting hole of the shaft is formed with the thread.
[0213] Optionally, the first clipping component includes at least one hook.
[0214] Optionally, the first clipping component includes multiple hooks. There is a gap between adjacent hooks. Through the gap between the hooks, some embodiments of this disclosure can reduce the difficulty of disassembling and assembling the axial fastening rotatable structure and save the time and the cost of disassembling and assembling the axial fastening rotatable structure.
[0215] Optionally, one of a first end of the second rotational support and the second end of the second clip is formed with a groove in a circumferential direction. The other of the first end of the second rotational support and the second end of the second clip includes at least one second clipping component. The second clip is configured to cooperate with the groove.
[0216] Optionally, the second clipping component is configured to be able to move in a radial direction of the second mounting hole.
[0217] Optionally, an end face of the second clipping component is configured to protrude towards the second mounting hole.
[0218] Optionally, the end face of the second clipping component is configured to include a combination of one or more of a spherical surface, a non-spherical surface, and a conical surface.
[0219] Optionally, the second clipping component is a ball plunger.
[0220] Optionally, the rotation driving assembly includes a driver. The driver has an output shaft. An axial second end of the first rotational support is connected to the output shaft of the driver.
[0221] Optionally, a seventh mounting hole is formed on an axial end face of the second end of the first rotational support.
[0222] The output shaft is inserted into the seventh mounting hole of the first rotational support.
[0223] Optionally, an end of the output shaft and the seventh mounting hole are configured to restrict the sliding of the end of the output shaft relative to the seventh mounting hole.
[0224] In an aspect, there is provided a LiDAR cleaning system. The LiDAR cleaning system includes the above rotation driving assembly, a rotatable structure, and a wiper body. The wiper body is installed on the rotatable structure and located between the rotatable structure and a housing of a LiDAR. Through a structure of the above rotation driving assembly, some embodiments of this disclosure can reduce needs for a positioning element in the fast plug and unplug of the axial fastening rotatable structure. In such a case, the difficulty of disassembling and assembling the axial fastening rotatable structure can be reduced and the time and the cost of disassembling and assembling the axial fastening rotatable structure can be saved.
[0225] In an aspect, there is provided a LiDAR. The LiDAR includes the above LiDAR cleaning system.
[0226] In an aspect, there is provided a transmission assembly. The transmission assembly includes a housing, a worm, a worm gear, a first worm bearing, and a second worm bearing. The worm gear is connected to the worm. A first end of the worm is installed on the housing via the first worm bearing. A second end of the worm is installed on the housing via the second worm bearing. By installing the first end of the worm on the housing via the first worm bearing and the second end of the worm on the housing via the second worm bearing, some embodiments of this disclosure may improve the coaxiality of the worm bearing and make the rotation of the worm more stable.
[0227] Optionally, the transmission assembly further includes a first worm gear bearing and a second worm gear bearing. The housing includes a first housing shoulder and a second housing shoulder. The worm includes a first worm shoulder and a second worm shoulder. The worm gear includes a first worm gear shoulder and a second worm gear shoulder. The first worm bearing is limited between the first worm shoulder and the first housing shoulder. The first worm gear bearing is limited between the first worm gear shoulder and the second housing shoulder. One end face of the second worm bearing is in contact with the second worm shoulder. One end face of the second worm gear bearing is in contact with the second worm gear shoulder. In the transmission assembly of this disclosure, the worm, the worm gear, and a bearing are positioned by replacing a positioning member with a shoulder. Some embodiments of this disclosure reduce an assembly difficulty and make a structure of the transmission assembly more compact.
[0228] Optionally, the housing includes a first mounting hole and a second mounting hole. The first mounting hole is formed on a wall of the housing close to a second end of the worm. The second mounting hole is formed on a wall of the housing close to a second end of the worm gear. The second end of the worm gear passes through the second mounting hole. The transmission assembly further includes a bearing gland. The bearing gland is installed on an outer side of the housing and partially covers the second mounting hole. The bearing gland includes a third mounting hole. The second end of the worm gear passes through the third mounting hole.
[0229] Optionally, a first end of the worm gear is installed on the housing via the first worm gear bearing. A second end of the worm gear is installed on the housing via the second worm gear bearing. The second worm gear bearing is located inside the second mounting hole. In a structure of the transmission assembly of this disclosure, a worm gear bearing is installed on a same housing. Some embodiments of this disclosure may improve the coaxiality of the worm gear bearing and make the rotation of the worm more stable.
[0230] Optionally, the bearing gland includes a projection in an axial direction of the worm gear towards the housing. The second worm gear bearing is limited between an end face of the projection and the second worm gear shoulder. Through the above projection and worm gear shoulder, the worm gear bearing is positioned. Some embodiments of this disclosure make the structure of the transmission assembly more compact. The transmission assembly of this disclosure does not need an additional positioning member to position the worm gear and the bearing, making the structure of the transmission assembly more compact.
[0231] Optionally, the housing includes a cap and a housing body. The transmission assembly includes a seal. The seal is at least partially located between the gap and the housing body, and at least partially located inside a first groove. The first groove is provided on at least one of the gap and the housing body. The seal is in interference fit with the first groove. In the transmission assembly of this disclosure, a gap between the cap and the housing body is sealed through the seal. Some embodiments of this disclosure can improve waterproof performance of the transmission assembly.
[0232] Optionally, the housing body includes at least one positioning hole. The gap includes at least one positioning hole. At least one positioning hole of the housing body and at least one positioning hole of the gap are connected via a positioning pin.
[0233] Optionally, one of the housing body and the gap includes at least one positioning hole. The other of the housing body and the gap includes at least one positioning pin. The positioning pin is provided in the positioning hole.
[0234] Optionally, the first end of the worm gear is installed on the housing via the first worm gear bearing. The second end of the worm gear is installed on the bearing gland via the second worm gear bearing. The third mounting hole includes a hole shoulder. The second worm gear bearing is located inside the third mounting hole. The second worm gear bearing is limited between the second worm gear shoulder and the hole shoulder. In the structure of the transmission assembly of this disclosure, the worm gear and the bearing are positioned by replacing the positioning member with the hole shoulder. Some embodiments of this disclosure reduce the assembly difficulty and also make the structure of the transmission assembly more compact.
[0235] Optionally, the transmission assembly further includes a retaining ring. The retaining ring is located on an inner wall of the housing. The second worm bearing is limited between the second worm shoulder and the retaining ring. In the structure of the transmission assembly of this disclosure, the worm and the bearing are positioned by replacing positioning members with the worm shoulder and the retaining ring. Some embodiments of this disclosure may make the structure of the transmission assembly more compact.
[0236] Optionally, the housing further includes a threaded ring. An inner side of the first mounting hole includes a thread. The threaded ring matches with the thread of the first mounting hole. The second worm bearing is limited between the second worm shoulder and the threaded ring. In the structure of the transmission assembly of this disclosure, the worm and the bearing are positioned by replacing the positioning members with the worm shoulder and the threaded ring. Some embodiments of this disclosure may make the structure of the transmission assembly more compact.
[0237] Optionally, the transmission assembly further includes a bearing gland seal. The bearing gland seal is located between an inner surface of the bearing gland and the other end face of the second worm gear bearing. The bearing gland seal is in contact with the second end of the worm gear. In the transmission assembly of this disclosure, a gap between the bearing gland and the worm gear bearing is sealed through the bearing gland seal. Some embodiments of this disclosure can improve the waterproof performance of the transmission assembly.
[0238] Optionally, the transmission assembly includes a first sealing ring. The first sealing ring is located between the bearing gland and the housing, and at least partially located inside a second groove. The second groove is provided on at least one of the bearing gland and the housing. The first sealing ring is in the interference fit with the second groove. In the transmission assembly of this disclosure, a gap between the bearing gland and the housing is sealed through the first sealing ring. Some embodiments of this disclosure can improve the waterproof performance of the transmission assembly.
[0239] In an aspect, there is provided a driving assembly, including the above transmission assembly and a motor. The motor includes a motor output shaft. A second end of a worm is connected to the motor output shaft of the motor. The second end of the worm includes a fourth mounting hole. One end of the motor output shaft is provided in the fourth mounting hole of the worm. In the driving assembly, an end of the motor output shaft and a shape of the fourth mounting hole of the worm are configured to limit rotation of the motor output shaft relative to the worm. In the driving assembly of this disclosure, the worm bearing is installed on the same housing. Some embodiments of this disclosure can improve the coaxiality of the worm bearing and make the rotation of the worm more stable.
[0240] Optionally, the fourth mounting hole includes an accommodating portion. In the driving assembly of this disclosure, the accommodating portion is provided. Some embodiments of this disclosure can install the motor output shaft on the worm more conveniently.
[0241] Optionally, the driving assembly includes a second sealing ring. The second sealing ring is located between the housing and the motor, and at least partially located inside a third groove. The third groove is provided on at least one of the housing and the motor. The second sealing ring is in the interference fit with the third groove. In the transmission assembly of this disclosure, a gap between the housing and the motor is sealed through the second sealing ring. Some embodiments of this disclosure can improve the waterproof performance of the driving assembly.
[0242] In an aspect, there is provided a LiDAR cleaning system, including the above driving assembly and a wiping portion. The driving assembly drives the wiping portion. In a structure of the LiDAR cleaning system of this disclosure, a worm bearing is installed on a same housing. Some embodiments of this disclosure can improve the coaxiality of the worm bearing, make driving of the wiping portion more stable, and improve a cleaning effect.
[0243] In an aspect, there is provided a LiDAR, including the above LiDAR cleaning system.
[0244] In an aspect, there is provided a LiDAR cleaning system, including a wiping portion, a driver system, a fluidic system, and a base. The wiping portion includes a rotatable structure configured to rotate around a rotation axis. The rotatable structure is configured to, when in an active state, contact at least a part of an exterior surface of a LiDAR. The driver system is coupled to the wiping portion. The driver system is configured to drive the rotatable structure of the wiping portion to perform a rotational motion to wipe at least a part of the exterior surface of the LiDAR during a process of the rotational motion. The fluidic system includes a nozzle. The nozzle is configured to dispense fluid onto at least a part of the exterior surface of the LiDAR. The wiping portion, the driver system, the fluidic system, and the LiDAR are positioned on the base.
[0245] Optionally, the driver system is configured to drive the rotatable structure of the wiping portion to perform a reciprocating motion between a first position and a second position.
[0246] Optionally, the wiping portion is configured to, when in an inactive state, not obstruct a field of view of the LiDAR.
[0247] Optionally, the driver system includes a rotation driving assembly. At least one of a first end and a second end of the rotatable structure is configured to be connected to the rotation driving assembly.
[0248] Optionally, the rotation driving assembly includes a first rotation axis support, a second rotation axis support, and a driver. The first rotation axis support is connected to the first end of the rotatable structure. The second rotation axis support is connected to the second end of the rotatable structure. The driver includes an output shaft. The output shaft is connected to at least one of the first rotation axis support or the second rotation axis support.
[0249] Optionally, the output shaft is connected to the first rotation axis support. The driver is provided on a first side of the base. The second rotation axis support is provided on a second side of the base. The second side is opposite to the first side.
[0250] Optionally, the driver includes a transmission assembly and a motor. The motor includes a motor output shaft. The transmission assembly is connected to the motor output shaft of the motor.
[0251] Optionally, at least a part of the exterior surface of the LiDAR includes a curved surface. The rotatable structure includes an arc shape that matches the curved surface.
[0252] Optionally, the exterior surface of the LiDAR includes an exterior surface of a cover of the LiDAR. An exterior surface of the cover has the curved surface. The curved surface of the cover is configured to project from a first surface of the base.
[0253] Optionally, the curved surface is a part of a spherical surface, a part of an ellipsoidal surface, or a part of a non-spherical surface.
[0254] Optionally, the rotatable structure includes a main body and a contact part provided on the main body. The contact part is configured to contact at least a part of the exterior surface of the LiDAR when the wiping portion is in the active state.
[0255] Optionally, the contact part includes a strip formed of a rubber or silicone material.
[0256] Optionally, at least a part of the nozzle is provided inside the base.
[0257] Optionally, there are multiple nozzles. The multiple nozzles are provided around a circumferential direction of the LiDAR.
[0258] Optionally, there are the multiple nozzles. The fluidic system further includes a fluid supply conduit communicated with the multiple nozzles.
[0259] Optionally, the fluid supply conduit includes a first fluid supply conduit and a second fluid supply conduit. A first part of nozzles in the multiple nozzles are communicated with the first fluid supply conduit. A second part of nozzles in the multiple nozzles is communicated with the second fluid supply conduit.
[0260] Optionally, the first part of nozzles include at least two nozzles. The at least two nozzles are communicated with the first fluid supply conduit through a multi-way conduit. The second part of nozzles includes at least two nozzles. The at least two nozzles are communicated with the second fluid supply conduit through the multi-way conduit.
[0261] Optionally, the first fluid supply conduit is directly communicated with a fluid storage assembly. The second fluid supply conduit is directly communicated with the fluid storage assembly. Or the first fluid supply conduit and the second fluid supply conduit are communicated with the fluid storage assembly through the multi-way conduit.
[0262] Optionally, the first fluid supply conduit and the second fluid supply conduit are configured to enter interior of the base through a second surface of the base.
[0263] Optionally, the nozzle includes a nozzle body, a fluid inlet conduit, and a one-way valve. The nozzle body includes a cavity. The fluid inlet conduit is configured to deliver the fluid to the cavity through the one-way valve.
[0264] Optionally, an inlet of the nozzle body is connected to the fluid inlet conduit through interference fit.
[0265] Optionally, the one-way valve includes a sleeve. The sleeve covers an outlet of the fluid inlet conduit.
[0266] Optionally, the sleeve includes the rubber or silicone material.
[0267] Optionally, the nozzle further includes a heating system. The hearing system is connected to an outer wall of the cavity.
[0268] Optionally, the nozzle body includes an inlet end, an outlet end, and a third surface provided between the inlet end and the outlet end. The third surface is configured to be connected with the first surface of the base. The outlet end is provided outside the base. The inlet end is provided inside the base.
[0269] Optionally, a waterproof layer is provided below the third surface of the nozzle body.
[0270] Optionally, a side wall of the nozzle body includes one or more fastening structures. The fastening structure is provided below the third surface. The fastening structure is configured to fasten the nozzle relative to the base after the nozzle is installed on the base.
[0271] Optionally, the fastening structure includes an elastic clip. The interior of the base includes a groove that matches the elastic clip.
[0272] Optionally, a third side of the base includes an opening. The opening is configured to accommodate a first electrical connector. The first electrical connector is configured for an electrical connection of the LiDAR. A fourth side of the base is provided with a second electrical connector. The second electrical connector is configured for the electrical connection of the LiDAR cleaning system.
[0273] Optionally, the second electrical connector includes a cover. Connection between the cover and the base includes a seal.
[0274] Optionally, the LiDAR cleaning system further includes a first panel. The first panel is provided above the first surface of the base.
[0275] Optionally, the LiDAR includes a projecting portion projecting from the first surface of the base. The first panel is provided around the projecting portion of the LiDAR.
[0276] Optionally, the first panel includes a downward slope of the LiDAR.
[0277] Optionally, the LiDAR cleaning system further includes a second panel. The second panel is connected to the second surface of the base.
[0278] Optionally, a connection between an inner edge of the second panel and the second surface of the base includes the seal.
[0279] In an aspect, there is provided a LiDAR system. The LiDAR system includes a LiDAR, and the LiDAR cleaning system according to any one of the above paragraphs. The LiDAR cleaning system is configured to clean at least a part of an exterior surface of the LiDAR.
[0280] In an aspect, there is provided a vehicle. The vehicle includes the above LiDAR system.
[0281] Optionally, the vehicle includes an exterior panel. The exterior panel includes a hole configured to accommodate the LiDAR cleaning system.
[0282] In an aspect, there is provided a LiDAR cleaning system, including a wiper, configured to, when in an active state, contact an exterior surface of a LiDAR by at least a part; a driver system, coupled to the wiper and configured to drive the wiper to move to wipe the exterior surface of the LiDAR, where the driver system includes a driving motor and a sliding block, the sliding block is coupled to the wiper and is configured to, driven by the driving motor, move, and the wiper is configured to be movable relative to the sliding block.
[0283] Optionally, the driving motor is configured to drive the wiper to perform a reciprocating motion between a first position and a second position via the sliding block.
[0284] Optionally, the driver system further includes a linear transmission assembly, configured to be connected to the driving motor and drive the sliding block to move along a line, such that the wiper moves from the first position to the second position.
[0285] Optionally, the driver system further includes a track, configured to guide a moving direction of the sliding block.
[0286] Optionally, the track includes a first matching structure, and the sliding block includes a second matching structure capable of being engaged with the first matching structure of the track.
[0287] Optionally, the linear transmission assembly and the track are disposed on a first surface of the LiDAR, and the LiDAR cleaning system further includes a lid located on the linear transmission assembly and the track.
[0288] Optionally, a part of the lid is disposed inside the sliding block.
[0289] Optionally, the lid includes a steel sheet.
[0290] Optionally, the linear transmission assembly includes a roller and a conveyor belt, the roller is coupled to an output shaft of the driving motor, the conveyor belt is coupled to the roller, and the sliding block is connected to the conveyor belt.
[0291] Optionally, when the conveyor belt is tensioned, the roller drives the conveyor belt to perform a linear motion.
[0292] Optionally, the roller includes roller teeth, and the inner side of the conveyor belt includes belt teeth meshing with the roller teeth of the roller.
[0293] Optionally, the sliding block includes a groove, and the conveyor belt is configured to pass through the groove; the inner side of the groove of the sliding block includes teeth, and the teeth are engaged with the belt teeth of the conveyor belt.
[0294] Optionally, the sliding block includes the groove, and the conveyor belt is configured to pass through the groove; the groove of the sliding block is fixedly connected to the conveyor belt through adhesive glue.
[0295] Optionally, the sliding block is coupled to the wiper through a coupling member, and the coupling member is configured to provide pressure against the exterior surface of the LiDAR to the wiper.
[0296] Optionally, the coupling member includes: a rotating portion, a first end of which is coupled to an end of the sliding block, and a second end of which is coupled to the wiper; a first rotation axis, configured to penetrate through the end of the sliding block and to be movably connected to the first end of the rotating portion; and a torsion spring, disposed on at least a part of the first rotation axis, the rotating portion being connected to the torsion spring.
[0297] Optionally, the wiper is detachably coupled to the coupling member.
[0298] Optionally, the wiper includes a main body and a detachable part, where one end of the coupling member coupled to the wiper includes a structure matching the detachable part.
[0299] Optionally, the main body of the wiper includes a U-shaped structure, configured to be connected to one end of the detachable part through the second rotation axis.
[0300] Optionally, the wiper includes a main body and a contact part disposed on the main body, where the contact part is configured to, when the wiper is in the active state, contact the exterior surface of the LiDAR.
[0301] Optionally, the contact part includes a strip-shaped structure formed of a rubber or silicone.
[0302] Optionally, the exterior surface of the LiDAR includes an exterior surface of a cover of the LiDAR.
[0303] Optionally, the wiper is configured to, when in an inactive state, be located at a position a preset distance away from an edge of the cover.
[0304] Optionally, one side or two sides of the cover include an accommodating section, and the wiper is configured to, when in an inactive state, be at least partially located at the accommodating section.
[0305] Optionally, a guiding part is included between the accommodating section and the cover, and the guiding part is configured to contact the wiper.
[0306] Optionally, the guiding part includes a plane or a curved surface for connecting the cover and the accommodating section.
[0307] Optionally, the LiDAR cleaning system further includes one or more fluidic systems, configured to provide a fluid to at least a part of the exterior surface of the LiDAR.
[0308] Optionally, the fluidic system is disposed on a second surface of the LiDAR adjacent to the exterior surface and includes a nozzle, where the nozzle is configured to dispense the fluid to the exterior surface of the LiDAR.
[0309] Optionally, the fluidic system further includes a heating system, configured to heat the fluid to be dispensed.
[0310] In an aspect, there is provided a LiDAR system, including a LiDAR, and any LiDAR cleaning system in this disclosure. The LiDAR cleaning system is configured to clean the exterior surface of the LiDAR.
[0311] The details of one or more implementations of the subject matter of this present disclosure are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, aspects, and advantages of the subject matter will become apparent from the description, the drawings, and the claims.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0312] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein and form a part of the present disclosure, illustrate aspects of the present disclosure and, together with the description, further serve to explain the principles of the present disclosure and to enable a person of ordinary skill in the pertinent art to make and use the present disclosure.
[0313] FIG. 1A illustrates an example vehicle with an example LiDAR system.
[0314] FIG. 1B illustrates example LiDAR sensor detection ranges.
[0315] FIG. 1C illustrates an example position of an example LiDAR system in a vehicle.
[0316] FIG. 2 illustrates an example vehicle system of a vehicle.
[0317] FIG. 3 illustrates an example LiDAR system.
[0318] FIG. 4 illustrates an example LiDAR sensor.
[0319] FIG. 5 illustrates an example LiDAR cleaning system.
[0320] FIGS. 6A-6B illustrate three-dimensional (3D) exterior views of an example LiDAR system at different angles.
[0321] FIGS. 7A-7D illustrate example positions and modes of an example LiDAR sensor.
[0322] FIGS. 8A-8B illustrate examples of installing example LiDAR sensors on a device.
[0323] FIGS. 9A-9C illustrate an example LiDAR lifting system.
[0324] FIGS. 10A-10B illustrate an example LiDAR cleaning system in different planes.
[0325] FIG. 11A illustrates an example wiper.
[0326] FIG. 11B illustrates an example wiper driving assembly.
[0327] FIG. 11C illustrates an example wiper support assembly.
[0328] FIGS. 12A-12B illustrate an example fluidic system with an example heating system.
[0329] FIGS. 13A-13H illustrate an example driver system.
[0330] FIGS. 14A-14B illustrate another example driver system.
[0331] FIG. 15 shows a schematic view of an example LiDAR cleaning system.
[0332] FIG. 16 shows a schematic view of an example LiDAR cleaning system in motion.
[0333] FIG. 17 shows a schematic side view of an example LiDAR cleaning system in motion.
[0334] FIG. 18 shows a schematic side view of another example LiDAR cleaning system.
[0335] FIG. 19 shows a schematic side view of another example LiDAR cleaning system.
[0336] FIG. 20 shows a schematic side view of another example LiDAR cleaning system in motion.
[0337] FIG. 21 shows a schematic side view of another example LiDAR cleaning system in motion.
[0338] FIG. 22 shows a schematic side view of another example LiDAR cleaning system in motion.
[0339] FIG. 23 shows a schematic side view of another example LiDAR cleaning system in motion.
[0340] FIG. 24 shows a schematic side view of another example LiDAR cleaning system in motion.
[0341] FIG. 25 shows a schematic side view of another example LiDAR cleaning system.
[0342] FIG. 26 shows a schematic side view of another example LiDAR cleaning system in motion.
[0343] FIGS. 27A-28C illustrate an example LiDAR cleaning system.
[0344] FIGS. 29A-29C illustrate another example LiDAR cleaning system.
[0345] FIGS. 30A-30B illustrate another example LiDAR cleaning system.
[0346] FIGS. 31A-31C illustrate another example LiDAR cleaning system.
[0347] FIGS. 32A-32D illustrate another example LiDAR cleaning system.
[0348] FIG. 33A shows a flow chart of an example process for executing a LiDAR cleaning system.
[0349] FIG. 33B shows a flow chart of an example process for using a LiDAR cleaning system to clean an exterior surface of a LiDAR sensor.
[0350] FIG. 33C shows a flow chart of an example process of moving a LiDAR sensor by a LiDAR lifting system.
[0351] Fig. 34 shows a front view of an example for a rotation driving assembly, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0352] Fig. 35 shows a perspective view of an example for a rotational support and a clip, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0353] Fig. 36 shows a perspective view of an example for a clip, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0354] Fig. 37 shows a perspective view of an example for a rotatable structure and a clip, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0355] Fig. 38 shows a perspective view of an example for a rotatable structure and a clip, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0356] Fig. 39 shows a sectional view of an example for a first rotational support, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0357] Fig. 40 shows a sectional view of an example for a second rotational support, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0358] Fig. 41 shows a sectional view of an example for a first clip, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0359] Fig. 42 shows a sectional view of an example for a second clip, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0360] Fig. 43 shows a front view of an example for a rotation driving assembly, consistent with another embodiment of this disclosure.
[0361] Fig. 44 shows a perspective view of an example for a rotatable structure and a clip, consistent with another embodiment of this disclosure.
[0362] Fig. 45 shows a perspective view of an example for a second rotational support, consistent with another embodiment of this disclosure.
[0363] Fig. 46 shows a sectional view of an example for a second rotational support, consistent with another embodiment of this disclosure.
[0364] Fig. 47 shows a sectional view of an example for a second clip, consistent with another embodiment of this disclosure.
[0365] Fig. 48 shows a perspective view of an example for a transmission assembly, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0366] Fig. 49 shows a perspective view of an example for a driving assembly, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0367] Fig. 50 shows a sectional view of an example for a transmission assembly, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0368] Fig. 51 shows a sectional view of an example for a transmission assembly in an arrow direction A-A, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0369] Fig. 52 shows a sectional view of an example for a housing of a transmission assembly, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0370] Fig. 53 shows a side view of an example for a transmission assembly, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0371] Fig. 54 shows a sectional view of an example for a housing of a transmission assembly, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0372] Fig. 55 shows a sectional view of an example for a worm of a transmission assembly, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0373] Fig. 56 shows a sectional view of an example for a worm gear of a transmission assembly, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0374] Fig. 57 shows a sectional view of an example for a bearing gland of a transmission assembly, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0375] Fig. 58 shows a sectional view of an example for a transmission assembly, consistent with another embodiment of this disclosure.
[0376] Fig. 59 shows a sectional view of an example for a housing of a transmission assembly, consistent with another embodiment of this disclosure.
[0377] Fig. 60 shows a sectional view of an example for a bearing gland of a transmission assembly, consistent with another embodiment of this disclosure.
[0378] Fig. 61 shows a sectional view of an example for a driving assembly, consistent with another embodiment of this disclosure.
[0379] Fig. 62 shows a sectional view of an example for a driving assembly, consistent with another embodiment of this disclosure.
[0380] Fig. 63 shows a perspective view of an example for a driving assembly, consistent with another embodiment of this disclosure.
[0381] Fig. 64 shows an exploded view of an example for an exemplary LiDAR system including a LiDAR cleaning system, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0382] Fig. 65 shows an assembly view of an example for an exemplary LiDAR system including a LiDAR cleaning system, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0383] Fig. 66 shows a vertical view of an example for an exemplary LiDAR system including a LiDAR cleaning system, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0384] Fig. 67 shows a perspective view of an example for an exemplary wiping portion, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0385] Fig. 68 shows a sectional view of an example for an exemplary LiDAR system including a driver system configured to drive a wiping portion, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0386] Fig. 69A shows a perspective view of an example for a separate exemplary nozzle, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0387] Fig. 69B shows a sectional view of an example for a separate exemplary nozzle, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0388] Fig. 69C shows a sectional view of an example for an exemplary nozzle assembled with a base, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0389] Fig. 70A shows a perspective view of an example for an exemplary LiDAR system excluding a lower surface panel viewed from a lower surface of a base, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0390] Fig. 70B shows a perspective view of an example for an exemplary LiDAR system including a lower surface panel viewed from a lower surface of a base, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0391] Fig. 70C shows a front cross-sectional view of an example for an exemplary LiDAR system including a lower surface panel, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0392] Fig. 71 shows a schematic diagram of an example for a separate exemplary lower surface panel, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0393] Fig. 72A shows a schematic diagram of an example for a separate exemplary base, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0394] Fig. 72B shows a perspective view of an example for a LiDAR system including a LiDAR electrical connector, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0395] Fig. 72C shows a perspective view of an example for a LiDAR system including an electrical connector configured for a cleaning system, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0396] Fig. 73 shows a schematic diagram of an example for a separate exemplary cover of an electrical connector configured for a cleaning system, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0397] Fig. 74 shows a front view of an example for a LiDAR system including a LiDAR cleaning system, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0398] Fig. 75 shows a three-dimensional diagram of an example for a LiDAR system including a LiDAR cleaning system, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0399] Fig. 76 shows a three-dimensional diagram of a part of an example for a LiDAR system including a LiDAR cleaning system, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0400] Fig. 77 shows an example for a linear transmission assembly applicable to this disclosure.
[0401] Fig. 78a to Fig. 78c show another example for a linear transmission assembly applicable to this disclosure.
[0402] Fig. 79 shows a three-dimensional diagram of an example for a LiDAR cleaning system including a lid, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0403] Fig. 80 shows an enlarged three-dimensional diagram of a part of an example for a LiDAR cleaning system including a lid, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0404] Fig. 81a shows an assembly drawing of an example for a coupling member and an example for a sliding block, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0405] Fig. 81b shows an exploded view of an example for a coupling member and an example for a sliding block, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0406] Fig. 82a shows an assembly drawing of an example for a rotating portion of the coupling member and an example for a wiper, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0407] Fig. 82b shows an exploded view of an example for a rotating portion of the coupling member and an example for a wiper, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0408] Fig. 82c shows a schematic diagram of a main body of an example for a wiper, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0409] Fig. 83 shows a three-dimensional diagram of an example for a LiDAR system when a wiper of the LiDAR cleaning system is in an inactive state, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0410] Fig. 84 shows a top view of an example for a LiDAR system when a wiper of the LiDAR cleaning system is in an inactive state, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0411] Fig. 85 shows a schematic diagram of a field of view in an example for a LiDAR when a wiper of the LiDAR cleaning system is in an inactive state, consistent with some embodiments of this disclosure.
[0412] Like reference numbers and designations in the various drawings indicate like elements. It is also to be understood that the various exemplary implementations shown in the figures are merely illustrative representations and are not necessarily drawn to scale.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0413] Reference will now be made in detail to implementations, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the various described implementations. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the various described implementations may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, circuits, and networks have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the implementations.
[0414] Several features are described hereafter that can each be used independently of one another or with any combination of other features. However, any individual feature may not address any of the problems discussed above or might only address one of the problems discussed above. Some of the problems discussed above might not be fully addressed by any of the features described herein. Although headings are provided, information related to a particular heading, but not found in the section having that heading, may also be found elsewhere in this description. General Overview
[0415] In some aspects and / or implementations, systems, methods, devices, computer program products, and techniques described herein include and / or implement LiDAR cleaning systems with various configurations, e.g., for various applications or scenarios. For example, a LiDAR cleaning system can be integrated in a terminal device (e.g., a vehicle, a drone, or a robotic system) . The LiDAR cleaning system can be configured to clean an exterior surface of a LiDAR sensor in response to at least one of a detection signal indicating a dirty condition of the exterior surface, a signal indicating weather information, or an input signal based on user input. Dirt, dust, or debris on the LiDAR sensor’s exterior surface can interfere with a path of a detection beam of the LiDAR sensor, leading to inaccurate measurements. Maintaining a clean exterior surface can enhance data quality of the LiDAR sensor, reduce calibration requirements, and allow for accurate, consistent and reliable data collection.
[0416] In some implementations, a LiDAR cleaning system includes a wiper with an arc shape configured to clean an exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor with a hemisphere shape through a reciprocating rotating movement. A fluid, e.g., water, gas, can be sprayed to the LiDAR exterior surface to facilitate the cleaning. The fluid can be further heated, e.g., by a heating system, to defuse ice or frost on the LiDAR exterior surface under conditions of low temperatures. The wiper can be configured to be easily detachable from the LiDAR cleaning system, enabling easy replacements of wipers. The LiDAR cleaning system can be configured with multi-stage (e.g., two-stage) speed adjustments to have a more compact assembly, employing dynamic sealing to create a seal between moving components and a bearing to prevent the leakage of liquid and / or the entry of external contaminants, etc.
[0417] In some implementations, besides a LiDAR sensor, a LiDAR system includes a LiDAR lifting system configured to lift or lower a LiDAR sensor to more than one predetermined position, e.g., two predetermined positions. In one example, a first predetermined position can be a standby position when the LiDAR sensor is inactive, while a second predetermined position can be a working position when the LiDAR sensor is activated. At the standby position, a top surface of the LiDAR sensor can be configured to be below an exterior panel of a terminal device to avoid being hit or scratched. In some cases, when the LiDAR sensor moves to the standby position inside the terminal device, there can be a decorative cover to fill in the hole corresponding to the LiDAR sensor on a body of the terminal device. In the working position, the LiDAR sensor can be lifted at least partially above or beyond the exterior panel of the terminal device to perform sensor functions, e.g., sensing and detecting its surrounding environment, or to have the LiDAR sensor cleaned by a LiDAR cleaning system of the LiDAR system. The LiDAR lifting system can extend the LiDAR sensor’s operational life, lower maintenance cost, and improve exterior aesthetics of the terminal device.
[0418] In some implementations, a LiDAR cleaning system is configured to have a wiper driver system mounted on one or more side surfaces of a LiDAR sensor, at least partially inside a LiDAR sensor, or be a separate module independent of the LiDAR sensor. In some implementations, the driver system includes at least one rod assembly that can include one rod, two rods, or three or more rods. In some implementations, the driver system includes at least one rotation assembly. In some implementations, the driver system includes at least one telescopic assembly. The driver system can be configured to move a wiper across an exterior surface of a cover of the LiDAR sensor. The techniques implemented herein can have some technical advantages or benefits. First, the LiDAR cleaning system can be compact in its size. The LiDAR cleaning system can effectively utilize the space near the side surfaces of the LiDAR sensor, and does not need to enlarge the housing of the LiDAR sensor to house at least the wiper and the wiper driver system. Second, the LiDAR cleaning system can be configured to move the wiper along any desired side of the cover (e.g., a side with a shorter length such as a height smaller than a width of the cover) . In this way, the LiDAR cleaning system can finish a cleaning step (e.g., with the wiper moved back and forth across the cover) in a short time, reducing the interruption to LiDAR sensing due to cleaning the LiDAR sensor. Third, the wiper can be configured to have a short size (e.g., with a small thickness) that can also reduce the interruption to the LiDAR sensing.
[0419] In some implementations, a LiDAR cleaning system includes a wiper, a fluidic system, and a driver system. The wiper can be in touch with an exterior surface of a LiDAR sensor. The fluidic system can include at least one fluidic nozzle configured to dispense a liquid to the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor, while the wiper is wiping or scraping the exterior surface, before or after the wiper works, or in response to a user input command. The driver system can move the fluidic nozzle between one or more predetermined positions, e.g., a standby position and a working position. The fluidic nozzle can be positioned at least partially above or beyond the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor while it is activated, and can be positioned at least partially below the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor while it is an inactive state or a standby state. The techniques implemented herein can provide one or more technical advantages and benefits. For example, the LiDAR cleaning system can be configured to clean an exterior surface of a LiDAR cover to remove contaminants, e.g., debris, dirt, etc., at a fast speed and short cleaning time. The wiper can be configured to have a small size. A smaller wiper area on the LiDAR sensor can produce less physical obstruction in the field of view and thus fewer or no detection beams are blocked, resulting in less interference and more reliable data collection. In addition, the wiper can be easily detachable from the LiDAR cleaning system. The wiper may wear out over time due to material reliability and various environmental factors, and easy replacement of the wiper can reduce the inconvenience and the cost of maintenance and allow users to adapt their wipers to specific conditions they are facing, such as using winter wiper blades in snowy conditions and standard blades in clear weather, etc. Further, the LiDAR cleaning system can have a compact design and can be integrated with the LiDAR sensor and / or a terminal device (e.g., a vehicle) for a better exterior appearance. The LiDAR cleaning system can also be a separate module independent of the LiDAR sensor or the terminal device, which can facilitate customization and mass production.
[0420] In some implementations, a LiDAR cleaning system includes a fluidic system, a first driver and a second driver, without wiper. The fluidic system can include a liquid fluidic system and a gas fluidic system. The liquid fluidic system can include at least one liquid nozzle configured to dispense liquid to an exterior surface of a LiDAR sensor. The gas fluidic system can include at least one gas nozzle configured to dispense gas to the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor. The first driver can be configured to drive the gas nozzle to move between a first position (e.g., a working position of gas nozzle) and a second position (e.g., a standby position of gas nozzle) . The second driver can be configured to drive the liquid nozzle to move between a first position (e.g., a working position of liquid nozzle) and a second position (e.g., a standby position of liquid nozzle) . In some implementations, the first driver and the second driver are a same driver. The techniques implemented herein can provide one or more technical advantages and benefits. For example, a gas nozzle can provide non-contact cleaning which reduces the risk of scratching or damaging the LiDAR cover from physical contact, and can also facilitate continuous data collection by a LiDAR sensor without periodic physical obstruction in the field of view of the LiDAR sensor. Gas cleaning and liquid cleaning can be suitable for removal of different types of dirt, and spraying of gas after liquid cleaning can also clean up residual water droplets on an exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor. Moreover, directions of gas / liquid nozzles can be predetermined or adjusted based on a movement of the vehicle to realize better cleaning. Further, gas and liquid cleaning can be a more environmentally friendly solution because it does not involve disposal of dirty or damaged covers or wipers.
[0421] Besides LiDAR sensors, the techniques implemented herein can be used for any other suitable devices (e.g., optical cameras or sensors) . Also, besides vehicles, the techniques implemented herein can be also applied for other terminal devices, e.g., robotic devices or drones. For illustration purposes, in the present disclosure, a vehicle is described as an example of a terminal device, and a LiDAR system is described as an example of a device implemented with cleaning techniques described herein. The techniques implemented herein can be used for any suitable applications, e.g., autonomous moving (e.g., driving like vehicles, flying like drones, or moving like robots) , environmental monitoring, and more. System Overview
[0422] FIG. 1A illustrates an example vehicle 100 using an example LiDAR system 110 to capture environment information. As described with further details below, the LiDAR system 110 can be a LiDAR system 300 as described with further details in FIG. 3. The LiDAR system 110 can have a small and compact structure, capable of being seamlessly integrated onto the vehicle 100.
[0423] Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) is a remote sensing technology that uses light to measure distances and create detailed, three-dimensional (3D) representations of objects and landscapes. The light can include continuous light waves or light pulses. By sending and receiving light, the LiDAR system 110 can measure the time of light travelling to and back from surrounding objects, and calculates distance, e.g., millions of times per second. The LiDAR system 110 can also be configured to create a real-time 3D model of the environment that can be represented as a point cloud. The point cloud can be a collection of 3D data points that represent surfaces of objects, structures, and the environment in a specific area. Each data point in a point cloud can be defined by its X, Y and Z coordinates in space, which represent its position in 3D space. Using point clouds, vehicles can precisely identify locations of objects (e.g., cars, pedestrians, and / or cyclists) on road.
[0424] In some examples, e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 1A, the LiDAR system 110 can generate unstitched, high-quality point clouds 112, which can enable easy and efficient processing for an assisted driving algorithm. The LiDAR system 110 can provide a smart vehicle (like the vehicle 100) with high-resolution 3D vision that complements or works in conjunction with other sensors such as cameras and / or radars, enhancing its perception capability to handle more complex road conditions (e.g., dark environments or unknown objects on a highway) . The LiDAR system 110 can further provide high-performance, automotive-grade LiDAR solutions designed for series production vehicles, ensuring safer and smarter assisted driving, e.g., L2+ assisted driving. The LiDAR system 110 can be configured to enable a broad spectrum of applications across passenger and commercial vehicles with advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and / or autonomous vehicle fleets (autonomous mobility) . The LiDAR system 110 can be also applied to any suitable terminal device, e.g., drones or robots. For example, the LiDAR system 110 can empower robotics applications such as last-mile delivery robots and logistics robots in restricted areas.
[0425] FIG. 1B illustrates example LiDAR sensor detection distance and ranges. In some implementations, a LiDAR sensor can be configured to be a long-range LiDAR sensor with a long detection range, e.g., from hundreds of meters to several kilometers, but with a relatively narrow detection angle, or field of view (FOV) , e.g., from around 20 to 40 degrees horizontally. The long-range LiDAR sensor allows for precise object detection and classification at long distances. The long-range LiDAR can be positioned on roof (e.g., front roof and / or rear roof) to provide an unobstructed view of a road ahead and / or back and detect objects at extended distances, which can be useful for highway driving and detecting distant obstacles early.
[0426] In some implementations, a LiDAR sensor can be configured to be a short-range LiDAR sensor with a short detection range (e.g., as indicated by dashed lines in FIG. 1B) , e.g., within a few meters of the LiDAR sensor, but with a wider detection angle, e.g., from 60 degrees to nearly 360 degrees horizontally. The broader field of view (FOV) can capture objects in close proximity and provide a more comprehensive view of the surrounding environment / objects. The short-range LiDAR sensor can be positioned close or on headlights or side-mounted to enhance situational awareness and assist with lane-keeping and / or lane-change operations.
[0427] In some implementations, a LiDAR sensor can be configured to be a mid-range LiDAR. Mid-range LiDAR sensors strike a balance between long-range LiDAR sensors and short-range LiDAR sensors in terms of detection range, e.g., from several meters to hundreds of meters, and FOV, e.g., from 30 to 130 degrees horizontally. The mid-range LiDAR sensor can be positioned on front bumper, side panels, or rear bumper to detect objects and obstacles in close proximity to the vehicle, making them ideal for parking and detecting nearby objects during urban driving.
[0428] In some implementations, multiple LiDAR sensors are arranged around the vehicle 100 and configured to have different detection ranges and FOVs to cover a wide area around the vehicle. In some implementations, e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 1B, the LiDAR sensors include one or more short-range LiDAR sensors 132 and one or more mid-range LiDAR sensors 134 configured to obtain 360 degrees perception. Using a combination of the LiDAR sensors in different positions can provide a comprehensive view of the environment. The data from these LiDAR sensors can be processed and / or integrated with other sensor inputs (e.g., cameras and / or radars) to make real-time decisions for safe and efficient autonomous driving. A combination of LiDAR sensors with different detection ranges, FOVs, and / or different positions can be selected to achieve a balance between distance visibility and close-proximity obstacle detection while considering aesthetics and cost.
[0429] In some implementations, a LiDAR sensor can be the LiDAR sensor 400 as described in FIG. 4. In some implementations, the multiple LiDAR sensors are all activated. In some implementations, the multiple LiDAR sensors are activated and / or disabled based on different scenarios or requirements. For example, in some cases, when a vehicle is driving with a high speed (e.g., higher than 40 mph) , one or more short-range LiDAR sensors can be inactivated and one or more long-range LiDAR sensors and / or mid-range LiDAR sensors can be activated. In contrast, when a vehicle is driving with a lower speed (e.g., lower than 40 mph) , one or more long-range LiDAR sensors can be inactivated and one or more short-range LiDAR sensors and / or mid-range LiDAR sensors can be activated. In such a way, power can be efficiently saved and / or a lifetime of LiDAR sensors can be longer.
[0430] FIG. 1C illustrates an example position of an example LiDAR system 150 with respective to a vehicle. The LiDAR system 150 can be a LiDAR system 300 as described with details in FIG. 3. The LiDAR system 150 can be installed on the vehicle’s side along a horizontal axis with the LiDAR system 150 facing out. In some implementations, the LiDAR system 150 can include a LiDAR sensor, e.g., a mid-range LiDAR sensor or a short-range LiDAR sensor for detecting nearby objects during urban driving. In some implementations, the LiDAR sensor can be the LiDAR sensor 400 as described in FIG. 4.
[0431] As illustrated in FIG. 1C, the LiDAR sensor can be positioned near wheels. Consequently, the LiDAR sensor is susceptible to becoming dirty due to proximity to the wheels and road surface, where dust, dirt, mud and debris can be present. As the vehicle 100 moves, the wheels can kick up those particles and some of the particles may accumulate on the LiDAR sensor. In addition, the LiDAR sensor on the side panels can be less shielded compared to roof-mounted sensors. Because of their low placement on vehicles and projections above vehicle’s exterior surface, the LiDAR sensor can easily get scratches due to small rocks or debris, accidental collisions or other harsh road conditions.
[0432] Implementations of the present disclosure provide LiDAR cleaning systems configured to clean LiDAR sensors. A cleaning process of a LiDAR cleaning system can be activated automatically or manually. In some implementations, e.g., as described with further details in FIG. 3, automatic cleaning of a LiDAR sensor can be achieved where a LiDAR detection system in-situ monitors a surface condition of an exterior surface of a LiDAR sensor (or a cover of the LiDAR sensor) , and in response to determining that the surface condition is beyond a threshold, the LiDAR cleaning system is activated to clean the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor (or the cover of the LiDAR sensor) . Once the LiDAR cleaning system determines that the surface condition is within the threshold or a cleaning process is completed, the LiDAR cleaning system is deactivated. In some implementations, a LiDAR cleaning system is configured to be activated with a manual button push-down to clean the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor (or the cover of the LiDAR sensor) or to be activated with one or more weather conditions (e.g., rainy or snowy weather) . Upon the button being pressed, the LiDAR cleaning system can be activated to clean the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor (or the cover of the LiDAR sensor) . The cleaning process can later be stopped by a button release performed by a user, a built-in timer that automatically stops the wiper after a specific amount of time, or a completion of a predetermined cleaning process.
[0433] In some implementations, e.g., as described with further details in FIG. 3 and FIGS. 9A-9C, a LiDAR lifting system is employed to lift or lower the LiDAR sensor to more than one predetermined position, e.g., two predetermined positions. A first predetermined position can be a standby position when LiDAR sensor is inactive, while a second predetermined position can be a working position when LiDAR sensor is activated. At the standby position, the top surface of the LiDAR sensor can be configured to stay below an exterior panel of a vehicle to avoid being hit or scratched. In the working position, the LiDAR sensor can be projected above (e.g., partially) the exterior panel of the vehicle to perform LiDAR sensor functions, e.g., sensing and understanding its surroundings, or to have an exterior surface or a cover of the LiDAR sensor cleaned by a LiDAR cleaning system. Such LiDAR lifting system can extend the LiDAR sensor’s operational life, lower maintenance cost, and improves exterior appearance of a vehicle. Example Vehicle System
[0434] FIG. 2 illustrates an example vehicle system 200 in a vehicle (e.g., the vehicle 100 of FIGS. 1A-1C) . In some implementations, the vehicle system 200 includes a sensor system 202, a perception system 204, a planning system 206, and a control system 208. The vehicle system 200 can have autonomous capability, e.g., implemented with at least one function, feature, device, and / or the like that enable the vehicle to be partially or fully operated without human intervention including, without limitation, fully autonomous vehicles (e.g., vehicles that forego reliance on human intervention) , highly autonomous vehicles (e.g., vehicles that forego reliance on human intervention in certain situations) , and / or the like.
[0435] In some implementations, the sensor system 202 includes a sensor suite that includes one or more devices such as LiDAR 202a, Radar 202b, camera 202c, sonar 202d, global positioning system (GPS) 202e, and inertial measurement unit (IMU) 202f. The LiDAR 202a can include a LiDAR sensor, e.g., the LiDAR sensor 110 of FIG. 1A, the LiDAR sensor 132 or 134 of FIG. 1B, or the LiDAR sensor of FIG. 1C. The LiDAR 202a can be a LiDAR system 300 as described with further details in FIG. 3. In some implementations, the senor system 202 uses one or more devices included in the senor system 202 to generate data associated with an environment. Data generated by the senor system 202 can be used by one or more systems to observe the environment in which the vehicle is located.
[0436] In some implementations, the perception system 204, the planning system 206, and the control system 208 are included and / or implemented in an autonomous navigation system of a vehicle. Additionally, or alternatively, in some implementations, the perception system 204, the planning system 206, and the control system 208 are included in one or more standalone systems. In some implementations, any and / or all of the perception system 204, the planning system 206, and the control system 208 are implemented in software (e.g., in software instructions stored in memory) , computer hardware (e.g., by microprocessors, microcontrollers, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) , Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) , and / or the like) , or combinations of computer software and computer hardware.
[0437] In some implementations, the perception system 204 receives data associated with at least one physical object in an environment and classifies the at least one physical object. In some examples, the perception system 204 receives image data (e.g., the point clouds 112 of FIG. 1A) associated with physical objects captured by at least one LiDAR (e.g., LiDAR 202a of FIG. 2) . In such an example, the perception system 402 classifies physical objects based on groupings of physical objects (e.g., bicycles, vehicles, traffic signs, pedestrians, and / or the like) . In some implementations, the perception system 204 transmits data associated with the classification of the physical objects to the planning system 206.
[0438] In some implementations, the planning system 206 receives data associated with a destination and generates data associated with at least one route or trajectory along which a vehicle can travel along toward a destination. In some implementations, the planning system 206 periodically or continuously receives data from the perception system 204, and updates the route or trajectory or generates at least one different route or trajectory based on the data generated by the perception system 204.
[0439] In some implementations, the control system 208 receives data associated with at least one trajectory from the planning system 206, and the control system 208 controls operation of the vehicle. In some implementations, the control system 208 includes a steering control system 208a and a powertrain control system 208b. The control system 208 can control the operation of these systems based on the received trajectory. In some implementations, the powertrain control system 208b receives control signals from the control system 208 to cause the vehicle to start, stop, accelerate, decelerate, perform a left turn, perform a right turn, and / or the like. The steering control system 208a is configured to receive control signals from the control system 208 to cause the vehicle to rotate one or more wheels of the vehicle. In some examples, where a trajectory includes a left turn, the control system 208 transmits a control signal to cause the steering control system 208a to adjust a steering angle of the vehicle, thereby causing the vehicle 200 to turn left. Example LiDAR System
[0440] FIG. 3 illustrates an example LiDAR system 300 that can be implemented in a terminal device, e.g., a vehicle such as the vehicle 100 of FIGS. 1A-1C or the vehicle as described in FIG. 2. The LiDAR system 300 can be implemented as the LiDAR system 110 of FIG. 1A, the LiDAR system 150 of FIG. 1 C, or the LiDAR 202a of FIG. 2.
[0441] In some implementations, the LiDAR system 300 includes a LiDAR sensor 302, a LiDAR cleaning system 304, and a control system 310. The LiDAR system 300 can also include a LiDAR detection system 306 configured to detect a surface condition of the LiDAR sensor 302. The LiDAR system 300 can further include a LiDAR lifting system 308, e.g., as described with further details in FIGS. 9A-9C. The LiDAR sensor 302 can be a LiDAR sensor 400 as described with further details in FIG. 4. The LiDAR cleaning system 304 can be any one of LiDAR cleaning systems as described below in FIGS. 5-32D. In some implementations, the LiDAR sensor 302, the LiDAR cleaning system 304, the LiDAR detection system 306, and the LiDAR lifting system 308 are electronically connected to and communicated with the control system 310. The control system 310 can include at least one processor and at least one memory storing programming instructions executable by the at least one processor to perform one or more operations.
[0442] In some implementations, the LiDAR detection system 306 monitors and detects cleanliness of an exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor 302. The exterior surface can be a surface of a cover of the LiDAR sensor 302. In response to determining that the surface cleanliness condition is beyond a predetermined threshold, the LiDAR cleaning system 304 can be activated to clean the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor 302. Subsequently, in response to determining that the surface condition is below the threshold or a cleaning process is completed, the LiDAR cleaning system 304 can be deactivated.
[0443] In some implementations, the LiDAR lifting system 308 is configured to lift or lower the LiDAR sensor 302 to more than one predetermined position, e.g., two predetermined positions. A first predetermined position can be a standby position when the LiDAR sensor 302 is inactive, while a second predetermined position can be a working position when the LiDAR sensor 302 is activated. At the standby position, a top surface of the LiDAR sensor 302 can be configured to be below an exterior panel of the terminal device to avoid being hit or scratched. In the working position, the LiDAR sensor 302 can be projected above (e.g., partially) the exterior panel of the terminal device to perform sensor functions, e.g., sensing and understanding its surroundings, or to have the LiDAR sensor 302 cleaned by the LiDAR cleaning system 304. The LiDAR lifting system 308 can extend the LiDAR sensor’s operational life, lower maintenance cost, and improve exterior appearance of a vehicle.
[0444] The control system 310 can send a first control signal to the LiDAR lifting system 308 to control the LiDAR lifting system 308 to move the LiDAR sensor 302 from a standby position (e.g., a position below an exterior panel of the terminal device) to a working position (e.g., a position extending above the exterior panel of the terminal device) , e.g., following a start signal of a vehicle’s engine, an on signal of an autopilot / assisted driving, or the like. The control system 310 can subsequently transmit a second control signal to the LiDAR cleaning system 304 to clean the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor 302, e.g., in response to a signal indicating dirty LiDAR surface. After the cleaning process is completed, the control system 310 can transmit a third control signal to the LiDAR cleaning system 304 to deactivate the LiDAR cleaning system 304. Additionally, the control system 310 can send a fourth control signal to the LiDAR lifting system 308 to control the LiDAR lifting system 308 to retract the LiDAR sensor 302 from its working position back to its standby position.
[0445] In some implementations, after the LiDAR sensor 302 is moved to a working position, the LiDAR lifting system 308 transmits a signal to the control system 310 indicating the LiDAR sensor 302 is at its destination. In response to the signal from the LiDAR lifting system 308, the control system 310 can transmit a control signal to activate the LiDAR cleaning system 304 to clean the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor 302.
[0446] In some implementations, the LiDAR cleaning system 304 is activated in response to one or more weather conditions, e.g., a rainy weather or a snowy weather. In some implementations, the LiDAR cleaning system 304 is activated in response to a user input.
[0447] In some implementations, the LiDAR detection system 306 in-situ monitors and detects a surface condition of an exterior surface a LiDAR sensor 302 during a cleaning process performed by the LiDAR cleaning system 304. In response to determining that the surface condition is below or within a threshold, the LiDAR detection system 306 transmits a signal to the control system 310 indicating that the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor 302 is clean. In response to the signal from the LiDAR detection system 306, the control system 310 sends a control signal to the LiDAR cleaning system 304 to terminate the cleaning process.
[0448] As noted above, the LiDAR detection system 306 is configured to detect and monitor the cleanliness or level of contamination on an exterior surface or a cover of a LiDAR sensor. In some implementations, the LiDAR detection system 306 is configured to detect and locate LiDAR contamination levels and contamination ranges using multiple detection light emitting channels from the LiDAR sensor and / or additional detectors set on a rotor. In some examples, the LiDAR detection system 306 includes at least one light receiving device and a processing unit. The light receiving device can be disposed on a light machine rotor of the LiDAR and is configured to receive echoes generated after light beams emitted by the LiDAR and used for detecting a target are reflected by dirt on the cover and convert the echoes into detection electric signals. The processing unit can be coupled with the at least one light receiving device and be configured to identify the dirt condition of the cover based on the detection electric signals. The LiDAR detection system 306 can realize 360-degree detection of the cover, enlarge a detection range of photomask dirt, identify different kinds of dirt, and improve a detection efficiency. In some implementations, the LiDAR detection system 306 is configured and performed as described in Chinese Patent application CN202010859163.0 filed on August 20, 2020, which is commonly-owned and fully incorporated herein by reference.
[0449] In some implementations, the LiDAR detection system 306 is configured to use a light source with different wavelengths from that of the LiDAR laser to detect contamination of the LiDAR cover. In some examples, the LiDAR detection system 306 includes a cover contamination detection system for LiDAR, which includes an emitting device. The emitting device is arranged on an optical-mechanical rotor of the LiDAR and is capable of emitting detection beams with different beam wavelengths for detecting dirt on the LiDAR cover. A receiving device is arranged on the optical-mechanical rotor of the LiDAR and is configured to receive the light emitted by the transmitting device. The echo of the detection beam reflected by the dirt on the LiDAR cover is converted into a detection electrical signal. The LiDAR detection system 306 can further include a processing unit that is coupled with the receiving device and is configured to be able to identify dirty condition of the LiDAR cover based on the detection electrical signal. The LiDAR detection system 306 can reduce optical crosstalk when detecting the contamination of the LiDAR cover, and at the same time, it is possible to realize 360-degree detection of the LiDAR cover and the detection of different types of dirt identification, thus improving the detection efficiency. In some implementations, the LiDAR detection system 306 is configured and performed as described in Chinese Patent application CN202010859161.1 filed on August 24, 2020, which is commonly-owned and fully incorporated herein by reference.
[0450] In some implementations, the LiDAR detection system 306 is configured to use the pulse coding time, flight time, distance threshold, point threshold, and / or other conditions for detection, improving the accuracy of the detection. In some examples, the LiDAR detection system 306 provides a LiDAR cover contamination detection method that can include the following steps: transmitting a multi-pulse sequence with pulse codes; receiving a radar echo and obtaining an echo pulse sequence corresponding to the multi-pulse sequence in the radar echo; and based on the flight time of the echo pulse sequence, determining whether the LiDAR cover is dirty or not. According to the LiDAR cover contamination detection method, the light beams generated by the transmitting unit of the LiDAR sensor are used for detecting the contamination of the LiDAR cover. A light source and / or a detection device do not need to be additionally arranged. Detection is carried out through the coding time, the flight time and the echo point number of the LiDAR sensor, which gives high detection accuracy and reduces misjudgment. LiDAR cover contamination detection is completed through the same transmitting unit and the same receiving unit used for detecting the target in the LiDAR sensor. As such, the structure is simple and the internal space of the LiDAR sensor is saved. In some implementations, the LiDAR detection system 306 is configured and performed as described in Chinese Patent application CN202110734418.5 filed on June 30, 2021, which is commonly-owned and fully incorporated herein by reference.
[0451] In some implementations, the LiDAR detection system 306 is configured to utilize conditions including rationality, peak intensity, pulse width and / or waveform integral value of a time window for dirt detection. In some examples, the LiDAR detection system 306 employs a LiDAR cover contamination detection method that can include the following steps: emitting a laser pulse; receiving a stray light pulse generated by the laser pulse; and based on the characteristics of the stray light pulse, determining whether the LiDAR cover of the LiDAR is dirty or not. Based on the LiDAR cover contamination detection method, the contamination of the LiDAR cover is detected by utilizing the transmitting unit and the receiving unit in the LiDAR. A separate light source and a light receiving device do not need to be additionally arranged, and thus the structure is simple. Additionally, the method can fully utilize the blind area time of the coaxial transmitting and receiving radar system and improve detection efficiency on the contamination of the LiDAR cover of the coaxial transmitting and receiving LiDAR. In some implementations, the LiDAR detection system 306 is configured and performed as described in Chinese Patent application CN202111113771.8 filed on September 23, 2021, which is commonly-owned and fully incorporated herein by reference.
[0452] In some implementations, the LiDAR detection system 306 is configured to use changes in environmental light noise received by the LiDAR for dirt detection. In some examples, the LiDAR detection system 306 provides a LiDAR cover contamination detection method and device thereof, and a storage medium. The LiDAR cover contamination detection method can include the following steps: receiving echoes at different horizontal field angles; for the echo at a horizontal field angle, calculating environment noise in the echo; and based on the intensity of the environmental noise at the horizontal field angle and the intensity change rate of the environmental noise, determining whether the LiDAR cover has contamination or not. According to this detection technique, the detection of the contamination of the LiDAR cover can be realized without adding an additional light source and a light receiving device. Therefore, the structural complexity of the LiDAR system and the contamination detection complexity of the LiDAR cover are reduced, and the contamination detection capability is enhanced. In some implementations, the LiDAR detection system 306 is configured and performed as described in Chinese Patent application CN202111562642.7 filed on December 20, 2021, which is commonly-owned and fully incorporated herein by reference. Example LiDAR Sensor
[0453] FIG. 4 illustrates an example LiDAR sensor 400. The LiDAR sensor 400 can be the LiDAR sensor 132 or 134 of FIG. 1B or the LiDAR sensor 302 of FIG. 3, and can be implemented in the LiDAR system 110 of FIG. 1A, the LiDAR system 150 of FIG. 1C, the LiDAR 202a of FIG. 2, or the LiDAR system 300 of FIG. 3. The LiDAR sensor 400 can also be implemented as any one of LiDAR sensors described in FIGS. 5 to 32D.
[0454] In some implementations, the LiDAR sensor 400 includes a laser emitting device (e.g., at least one laser emitter) 430, a control device (e.g., at least one controller) 402, a detection device (e.g., at least one detector) 410, and a data processing device (e.g., at least one processor) 404. The laser emitting device 430 can include at least one laser 408 and at least one driver 406 coupled to the laser 408 and configured to emit laser pulse signals.
[0455] The control device 402 can be coupled with the driver 406 and configured to generate a trigger signal. The driver 406 can receive the trigger signal from the control device 402 and drive the coupled laser 408 to emit a laser pulse signal L. The laser pulse signal L can be, e.g., diffusely, reflected on an object 420, and a part of an echo signal L’ can return to the LiDAR sensor 400. The detection device 410 is configured to receive the echo signal L’ of the laser pulse signal L reflected by the object 420 and convert the echo signal L’ into an electrical signal.
[0456] The data processing device 404 can be configured to obtain a reception time of the echo signal L’ from the detection device 410 and an emission time of the laser pulse signal L from the laser emitting device 400. The data processing device 404 can determine distance information of the object 420 based on the emission time of the laser pulse signal L and the reception time of the echo signal L’ . Repeating this process millions of times per second can create a precise, real-time 3D map of the environment, e.g., a point cloud such as the point cloud 112 of FIG. 1A. An onboard computer in a terminal device such as a vehicle (e.g., the vehicle 100 of FIGS. 1A-1C or the vehicle of FIG. 2) can utilize such LiDAR point cloud for safe navigation. Example LiDAR Cleaning System
[0457] FIG. 5 illustrates an example LiDAR cleaning system 500. In some implementations, a LiDAR cleaning system 500 includes at least one of a LiDAR wiper assembly 502, a wiper driver system 504, a fluidic system 506, a fluidic driver system 508, a controller 510, and / or a fluidic heating system 512. These components and systems can be coupled to and communicated with one another. The LiDAR cleaning system 500 can be implemented as the LiDAR cleaning system 304 of FIG. 3. The LiDAR cleaning system 500 can be implemented by any one of LiDAR cleaning systems as described in FIGS. 6A-32D.
[0458] The LiDAR wiper assembly 502 can be configured to perform a reciprocating motion across an exterior surface of a LiDAR sensor for cleaning. The exterior surface can be a surface of a cover of the LiDAR sensor. The reciprocating motion can be a rotation motion (e.g., as described in FIGS. 6A-14B) or a linear motion (e.g., as described in FIGS. 15-31C) . The wiper driver system 504 can be coupled to the LiDAR wiper assembly 502 and configured to drive the reciprocating motion of the LiDAR wiper assembly 502. The wiper driver system 504 can be a driver system (e.g., as described in FIGS. 6A-31C) . In some implementations, a gas nozzle and / or a liquid nozzle is used instead of a wiper assembly to clean a LiDAR cover by dispensing gas (e.g., air) onto the exterior surface of a LiDAR sensor, which blows debris and contaminants away, e.g., as described with further details in FIGS. 32A-32D.
[0459] The fluidic system 506 can be configured to dispense liquid and / or gas onto an exterior surface of a LiDAR sensor to facilitate the cleaning. The fluidic system 506 can include a fluidic nozzle through which the liquid and / or gas is dispensed. In some implementations, the fluidic driver system 508 is coupled to the fluidic system 506 and configured to move the fluidic nozzle from one predetermined position to another. For example, predetermined positions can include a standby position, where the fluidic nozzle is inactive and disposed below the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor, and a working position, where the fluidic nozzle is projected at least partially above the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor and activated to dispense the liquid to the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor. The fluidic driver system 508 can be configured to drive the fluidic nozzle to move from the standby position to the working position after the LiDAR cleaning system 500 is activated, or to retract from the working position back to the standby position after the cleaning process or the liquid and / or gas dispensing is completed. The fluidic system 506 can be a fluidic system as described with respect to FIGS. 27A-32D. In some implementations, the fluidic system remains stationary with respective to the LiDAR cover, e.g., as described in FIS. 6A-14B, where a fluidic driver system 508 may not be required.
[0460] Further, the fluidic heating system 512 can be configured to heat liquid and / or gas before the liquid and / or gas is dispensed through the liquid nozzle, e.g., to defrost ice on the exterior surface or the cover of the LiDAR sensor under conditions of low temperature. The fluidic heating system 512 can be a heating system as described with respect to FIGS. 6A-14B.
[0461] In some implementations, the wiper driver system 504 and the fluidic driver system 508 are separate driver systems. In some implementations, the LiDAR wiper assembly 502 and the fluidic system 506 are driven by a same driver system.
[0462] In some implementations, e.g., as described with further details in FIGS. 6A-14B, in the LiDAR wiper assembly 502 includes a wiper with an arc shape configured to clean a hemisphere shape of an exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor through a reciprocating rotating movement. Liquid, e.g., water, can be sprayed to the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor to facilitate the cleaning. The liquid can be further heated to defrost ice on the exterior surface under conditions of low temperature. Moreover, the wiper can be configured to be easily detachable from the LiDAR cleaning system, enabling easy replacements of the wiper. The wiper can be implemented with two-stage speed adjustment to have a more compact assembly, and can employ a dynamic sealing to create a seal between moving components and a bearing to prevent the leakage of liquid and / or the entry of external contaminants, etc.
[0463] In some implementations, e.g., as described in FIGS. 15-26, a LiDAR cleaning system 500 has a wiper driver system 504 mounted on side surfaces of the LiDAR sensor, at least partially inside a LiDAR sensor, or be a separate module independent of the LiDAR sensor. In some implementations, the wiper driver system 504 includes at least one rod assembly, which can further include one rod, two rods, or three rods. In some implementations, the wiper driver system 504 includes at least one rotation assembly. The wiper driver system is configured to move a wiper across the exterior surface of a cover coupled to the LiDAR sensor. This LiDAR cleaning system 500 can be configured to move the wiper along a first side (e.g., along a height of the cover) , which can be smaller than a second side of the cover (e.g., along a width of the cover) . In this way, the LiDAR cleaning system 500 can finish one wiping process across the cover in a shorter time, reducing interruption to LiDAR sensing due to cleaning the LiDAR sensor. In some implementations, the wiper driver system can be arranged with respect to a location where the LiDAR sensor is mounted. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 1C, the space beyond or below the LiDAR sensor is limited, and the wiper drive system can be adaptively set on the left and right sides of the LiDAR sensor.
[0464] In some implementations, e.g., as described in FIGS. 27A-31C, a LiDAR cleaning system 500 includes a wiper, a fluidic system, and a driver system. The wiper can be in touch with an exterior surface of a LiDAR sensor. The fluidic system can include a fluidic nozzle configured to dispense a liquid and / or gas to the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor while the wiper is wiping or scraping the exterior surface. The driver system can linearly move the fluidic nozzle between one or more predetermined positions, e.g., a standby position and a working position. The fluidic nozzle can be above or beyond the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor while the wiper is activated, while the fluidic nozzle can be below the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor while the wiper is an inactive state or a standby state.
[0465] In some implementations, e.g., as described in FIGS. 32A-32D, the LiDAR cleaning system 500 includes a fluidic system and at least one driver. The fluidic system can include a liquid fluidic system and a gas fluidic system. The liquid fluidic system can include a liquid nozzle configured to dispense liquid to an exterior surface of a LiDAR sensor. The gas fluidic system can include a gas nozzle configured to dispense gas to the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor. A first driver can be configured to drive the gas nozzle to move between a first position (e.g., a working position of the gas nozzle) and a second position (e.g., a standby position of the gas nozzle) along a first direction. A second driver can be configured to drive the liquid nozzle to move between a first position (e.g., a working position of the liquid nozzle) and a second position (e.g., a standby position of the liquid nozzle) . The first driver and the second driver can be a same driver, and the directions of the gas / liquid nozzles can be adjusted by the same driver.
[0466] In the following, for ease reference, different implementations of LiDAR cleaning systems are categorized into various types. Note that these types are categorized just for illustration purposes. The various types of LiDAR cleaning systems are described below with further details. Different types of LiDAR cleaning systems can be implemented independently or in suitable combinations (e.g., partially) . For example, components in some LiDAR cleaning systems can be implemented in other LiDAR cleaning systems. First Type of LiDAR Cleaning Systems
[0467] FIGS. 6A-14B illustrate schematic diagrams of different implementations of a first type of LiDAR cleaning systems. In some implementations, a LiDAR cleaning system includes a wiper configured to clean an exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor through a reciprocating rotating movement. The exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor can have an arc or curved shape such as a hemispherical shape, or a multi-faceted shape. A shape of the wiper can be adapted to a shape of the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor, even if the shape of the wiper does not fit perfectly with the shape of the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor. The wiper blade can have elasticity configured to be utilized to ensure that the wiper blade adheres to the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor. A liquid, e.g., water, can be sprayed to the LiDAR exterior surface to facilitate the cleaning. The liquid can be further heated, e.g., by a heating system, to defuse ice or frost on the LiDAR exterior surface under conditions of low temperatures. FIGS. 6A-14B can include a coordinate system, e.g., X axis, Y axis, and / or Z axis. It should be noted that the consistency of the coordinate system may vary from one figure to another. For example, the X axis in FIG. 9A can be different than the X axis in FIG. 10B. It is further understood that parallel directions can be referred to as a same axis. For example, in FIG. 9A, both direction A and direction B are parallel to Z axis, and thus both direction A and direction B can be referred to as Z axis.
[0468] FIGS. 6A-6B illustrate three-dimensional (3D) perspective views of a LiDAR system 600 from different angles. The LiDAR system 600 can include a LiDAR sensor 690 having an exterior surface 696, a lifting system 610, a LiDAR cleaning system 620, and a control circuitry 692. The control circuitry 692 can be included in a control system (e.g., the control system 310 of FIG. 3) . The LiDAR system 600 can be same as or similar to the LiDAR system 110 of FIG. 1A, the LiDAR system 150 of FIG. 1C, the LiDAR 202a of FIG. 2, or the LiDAR system 300 of FIG. 3. The LiDAR sensor 690 can be same as or similar to the LiDAR sensor 132 or 134 of FIG. 1B or the LiDAR sensor 302 of FIG. 3, or the LiDAR sensor 400 of FIG. 4. The lifting system 610 can be same as or similar to the lifting system 308 of FIG. 3 or a lifting system as described in FIGS. 9A-9C. The LiDAR cleaning system 620 can be same as or similar to the LiDAR cleaning system 304 of FIG. 3, the LiDAR cleaning system 500 of FIG. 5, or any one of the LiDAR cleaning systems as described with respect to FIGS. 6A to 14B.
[0469] The lifting system 610 can include a driver 680 and a transmission assembly 670. The LiDAR cleaning system 620 can include a wiper 630, a driver system 640, a heating system 660, and a fluidic system 650. In some implementations, the LiDAR system 600 includes a detection system, e.g., the LiDAR detection system 306 of FIG. 3. In some implementations, the LiDAR system 600 is installed on a vehicle’s side along a horizontal axis with the LiDAR sensor 690 facing out, e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 1C. For the sake of simplicity, the lifting system 610 can be abbreviated as “lifter” in the following descriptions or in the figures, and the LiDAR cleaning system 620 can be abbreviated as “cleaner” in the following descriptions or in the figures.
[0470] FIG. 7 illustrates an operation 700 of a LiDAR system 600. Diagram (a) of FIG. 7 shows that a LiDAR sensor 690 of the LiDAR system 600 is at a working position 702, where the LiDAR sensor 690 is lifted above an exterior panel 694 (or an exterior surface) of a terminal device. Diagram (c) of FIG. 7 shows a standby position 704, where the LiDAR sensor 690 is disposed below the exterior panel 694 (or an exterior surface) of the terminal device, e.g., to protect the LiDAR sensor 690 from hit or scratches when the LiDAR sensor 690 is inactive. Different positions of the LiDAR sensor 690 can be controlled by a LiDAR lifting system 610 (see FIG. 6A) . In some implementations, in the working position 702, the LiDAR sensor 690 is extending no more than 30 mm above the exterior panel 694 or an exterior surface of the terminal device.
[0471] Likewise, the LiDAR cleaning system 620 can be operated in two modes: a standby mode 706 when it is inactive and a cleaning mode 708 when it is active. In the standby mode 706 of the LiDAR cleaning system 600, as illustrated in diagram (d) of FIG. 7, the wiper 630 is positioned on one of lateral sides of the LiDAR sensor 690. In this mode, the wiper 630 is configured not to interfere with normal functioning of the LiDAR sensor 690. In the cleaning mode 708, the wiper 630 is wiping across the exterior surface 696 of the LiDAR sensor 690 with a reciprocating rotating motion, e.g., as illustrated in diagram (b) of FIG. 7 showing a transient position of the wiper 630 when the wiper 630 rotates about the X axis.
[0472] In some implementations, as illustrated in FIG. 8A, the LiDAR system 600 is coupled with an outer frame 804, and the outer frame 804 can be further assembled with a top cover 806, passing through a hole in a sheet metal 802 (e.g., of a terminal device) . The outer frame 804 and the top cover 806 can be affixed to the terminal device in a manner that preserves their relative positions with respect to the sheet metal 802. In some implementations, as illustrated in FIG. 8B, the LiDAR system 600 is mounted on a metal frame 808 of a terminal device, and a top of the LiDAR system 600 is directly assembled with a top cover 806, passing through a hole in a sheet metal 802 of the terminal device. That is, the LiDAR system 600 is disposed between the metal frame 808 and the sheet metal 802 of the terminal device, forming an assembly. The LiDAR sensor 690 can be movable with respect to the sheet metal 802, e.g., between a standby position 704 and a working position 702. In a working position 702 (see FIG. 7A) , the LiDAR sensor 690 is elevated above the sheet metal 802 of the terminal device, while, in a standby position 704 (see FIG. 7C) , the LiDAR sensor 690 is lowered below the sheet metal 802 of the terminal device.
[0473] In some implementations, the LiDAR cleaning system 620 is securely attached to the metal frame 808 and thus not movable. The LiDAR cleaning system 620 can be configured to clean the exterior surface 696 of the LiDAR sensor 690 when the LiDAR sensor 690 is in its working position 702. In some implementations, the connection or assembly method among parts mentioned above includes, but not limited to, welding, riveting, adhesive bonding, snap-fit connections, press-fits, clamping or fasteners, keyways and keyed shafts, magnetic connections, tongue and groove connections, threaded insets, soldering, gluing, or quick-release couplings, etc. Example LiDAR Lifting System
[0474] FIG. 9A is a schematic, cross-sectional view of an example LiDAR lifting system 610. The LiDAR lifting system 610 includes a driver 680 (e.g., an electric motor) and a transmission assembly 670 that can be stacked together along Z axis. The transmission assembly 670 can further at least include a lead screw 912 and a screw nut 910. The lead screw 912 is connected to the driver 680, which is rotatable by the driver 680 around Z axis. Threads on an inner surface of the screw nut 910 engages with matching threads on the lead screw 912 in a manner that the screw nut 910 is movable up and / or down along Z axis when the lead screw 912 is rotated. In some implementations, the lead screw 912 can include, but not limited to, ball screw, acme screw, square thread screw, buttress screw, rounded thread screw, multi-start screw, precision thread screw, micro-thread screw, self-locking screw, non-rotating screw, etc.
[0475] An exterior surface of the screw nut 910 is further coupled with one end of the support structure 904. As illustrated in FIG. 9A, the support structure 904 can have a first end (e.g., an end in the negative X direction) , a middle portion, and a second end (e.g., an end in the positive X direction) . The first end is coupled with the screw nut 910. The middle portion of the support structure 904 can be higher than the first end and the second end and can have a flat surface, where the LiDAR sensor 690 is mounted on the flat surface of the middle portion. When the screw nut 910 is raised or lowered along the Z axis, the LiDAR sensor 690 and the support structure 904 are moved together with the screw nut 910. In some implementations, a connection or assembling method used to couple the screw nut 910 and the support structure 904, includes, but not limited to, welding, riveting, adhesive bonding, snap-fit connections, press-fits, clamping or fasteners, keyways and keyed shafts, magnetic connections, tongue and groove connections, threaded insets, soldering, gluing, or quick-release couplings, etc.
[0476] In some implementations, the LiDAR lifting system 610 also includes a bushing 922 and a guide bar 920 to provide precision and stability in linear movement of the LiDAR sensor 690 and the support structure 904 along Z axis. An exterior surface of the bushing 922 is connected with the second end of the support structure 904, as shown in FIG. 9A. The bushing 922 can be a sleeve-like component and its inner fits over the guide bar 920. The bushing 922 can include a material with low coefficient of friction, including, but not limited to, graphite copper, bronze, plastic, polymer, etc. The guide bar 920 can be a straight, rigid rod extending along Z axis. A material of the guide bar 920 can include, but not limited to, steel or aluminum. The bushing 922 can be raised or lowered along the guide bar 920 in the Z axis together with the linear movement of the support structure 904, where the guide bar 920 is used to guide the bushing 922 linear movement along Z axis to reduce wobbling or lateral movement. In some implementations, lubrication is used between the guide bar 920 and the bushing 922 to further reduce friction and wear, allowing for reliable and long-lasting movement along a straight path.
[0477] In some implementations, the driver 680 is protected by a driver retaining sleeve 902 and disposed above the lead screw 912 along the positive Z direction. The driver 680 can be coupled with the lead screw 912 using a drive coupler 906. As the driver 680 turns, the drive coupler 906 transfers a torque and rotational motion to the lead screw 912. The types of drive coupling can include, but not limited to, flexible couplings to compensate for angular misalignment or axial movement (e.g., jaw couplings, elastomeric couplings, and beam couplings) , rigid couplings for precise alignment, etc. Further, a bottom end of the lead screw 912 can be supported by a bearing 914 and a bearing gland 916. The bearing 914 allows the lead screw 912 to rotate along Z axis without binding or wobbling and reduces a friction between the lead screw 912 and the bearing gland 916, while the bearing gland 916 provides a housing for the bearing 914 and can have seals or protective features to shield the bearing 914 from dust, debris and containments. Moreover, the guide bar 920 and the bushing 922 can be disposed inside an inner sleeve 918. The guide bar 910 can be supported by a guide bar gland 924 to hold the guide bar 920 in place and reduce its lateral movement along X and / or Y axis. In some implementations, the bearing glad 916 can be a stopper against the screw nut 910. The bearing 914 and the bearing gland 916 can be integrated together or be a single piece, e.g., similar to the guide bar gland 924.
[0478] In some implementations, the LiDAR lifting system 610 is configured to receive a control signal from a control circuitry 692. The control signal can be used to activate or deactivate the LiDAR lifting system 610 to linearly move the LiDAR sensor 690 along Z axis to predetermined positions. As noted above, the predetermined positions can include, but not limited to, a standby position 704 when LiDAR sensor 690 is inactive, and a working position 702 when LiDAR sensor 690 is activated in a work mode. In some examples, it takes 3 seconds or less to move the LiDAR sensor 690 from a standby position 704 to a working position 702 (see FIGS. 7A and 7C) , or vice versa.
[0479] In some implementations, the LiDAR lifting system 610 is further coupled to a position detector that can be configured to detect whether the LiDAR sensor 690 is at predetermined positions. The control circuitry 692 can be coupled to the position detector and the driver 680, and the control circuitry 692 can transmit one or more control signals to the driver 680 to drive the transmission assembly 670 to move the LiDAR sensor 690 to the predetermined positions. In some implementations, when the LiDAR lifting system 610 is activated to move the LiDAR sensor 690 from the working position 702 to the standby position 704, the position detector in-situ monitors the position of LiDAR sensor 690 during the movement. In response to detecting that the LiDAR sensor 690 has reached or is approaching the standby position 704, it transmits a signal to the control circuitry 692, confirming that it is at the predetermined position. The control circuitry 692 then sends a control signal to the LiDAR lifting system 610 to stop the movement of the LiDAR sensor 690.
[0480] In some implementations, one or more mechanical stoppers is employed to stop the LiDAR sensor 690 to predetermined stops, as illustrated in FIGS. 9B and 9C. In some implementations, at least one of the one or more mechanical stoppers can be configured to stop the linear movement of the screw nut 910 on the lead screw 912. In some implementations, at least one of the one or more mechanical stoppers can be configured to stop the linear movement of the bushing 922 on the guide bar 920. In some implementations, the stoppers include at least a first stopper configured to stop the linear movement of the screw net 910 on the lead screw 912 and at least a second stopper configured to stop the linear movement of the bushing 922 on the guide bar 920. The one or more mechanical stoppers remain stationary with respective to the sheet metal of car 802 during the movement of the LiDAR sensor 690.
[0481] FIG. 9B is an exemplary 3D view of a portion of a LiDAR system 600 illustrating a stopper, e.g., the protruding part 940 of LiDAR housing, to stop a movement of the screw nut 910 on the lead screw 912 when the LiDAR sensor 690 reaches its working position 702. A protruding part 930 of the LiDAR lifting system 610 is a mechanical component which sticks out or projects from the main body or assembly of the LiDAR lifting system 610 along positive Y direction. Similarly, a protruding part 940 of the LiDAR housing is a mechanical component which sticks out or projects from the main body or assembly of the LiDAR sensor housing along positive Y direction. The protruding part 930 is movable together with the LiDAR sensor 690 along Z axis, while the protruding part 940 of LiDAR housing remains stationary with respective to the terminal device. When the LiDAR sensor 690 moves to the predetermined working position 702, the top surface of the protruding part 930 is in contact with the bottom surface of the protruding part 940 of LiDAR housing, as illustrated in FIG. 9B. At this point, the protruding part 930 can no longer move further along the positive Z-axis direction, effectively stopping the movement of LiDAR sensor 690 at its working position 702.
[0482] FIG. 9C is an exemplary cross-sectional view of a portion of a LiDAR system 600 illustrating a stopper, e.g., the guide bar gland 924, to stop a movement of the bushing 922 on the guide bar 920 when the LiDAR sensor 690 reaches its standby position 704. The bearing glad 916 can also be a stopper against the screw nut 910. As noted above, the bushing 922 moves together with the support structure 904 and the LiDAR sensor 690, while the guide bar gland 924 remains stationary with respective to the terminal device. For example, the guide bar gland 924 can be mounted to the terminal device. FIG. 9C illustrates a transition stage when the LiDAR sensor is moving from its working position 702 of the LiDAR sensor 690 to its standby position 704. When the LiDAR sensor 690 moves along the negative Z direction towards its standby position 704, the bottom surface of the bushing 922 will eventually be in contact with the top surface of the guide bar gland 924. At this point, the bushing 922 can no longer advance in the negative Z-axis direction, effectively stopping the movement of LiDAR sensor 690 at its standby position 704. Example LiDAR Cleaning Systems
[0483] FIGS. 10A-14B illustrate schematics, cross-sectional views of example LiDAR cleaning systems 620. The techniques implemented herein can be combined with the LiDAR lifting system 610 as discussed in FIGS. 9A-9C to move the LiDAR sensor 690 to predetermined positions prior to or after cleaning the exterior surface 696 of the LiDAR sensor 690. The exterior surface 696 can be a surface of a cover of the LiDAR sensor 690.
[0484] FIGS. 10A and 10B illustrate cross-sectional views of a LiDAR cleaning system 620 in different planes. FIG. 10A shows a cross-sectional plane through the wiper 630, the driver system 640, the wiper driving assembly 1020, and the wiper support assembly 1010. FIG. 10B shows a cross-sectional plane through the fluidic system 650 and the heating system 660.
[0485] As illustrated in FIGS. 10A-10B, the LiDAR cleaning system 620 can include a wiper 630 and a driver system 640. In some implementations, the LiDAR cleaning system 620 further includes a fluidic system 650. In some implementations, the LiDAR cleaning system 620 further includes a heating system 660. In some implementations, the LiDAR cleaning system 620 further includes a wiper driving assembly 1020 and a wiper support assembly 1010. The wiper 630 is configured to clean the exterior surface 696 of the LiDAR sensor 690 by a reciprocating rotating motion about its central X axis (see FIG. 10A) . The driver system 640 is configured to drive the reciprocating rotating motion of the wiper 630. The fluidic system 650 is configured to spray a fluid, e.g., water or gas, prior to cleaning, during cleaning, or after cleaning to enhance the cleaning effectiveness. The heating system 660 is employed to heat the fluid, e.g., for defrosting ice on the exterior surface 696 under conditions of low temperature. The wiper driving assembly 1020 is configured to transfer torque and rotational motion from the driver system 640 to one end of the wiper 630 to drive its reciprocating rotating motion. The wiper support assembly 1010 is configured to passively support the reciprocating rotating motion of the wiper 630 through the other end of the wiper 630.
[0486] In some implementations, the exterior surface 696 (or the cover) of the LiDAR sensor 690 has a curved shape or hemispherical shape, e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 10A. In some implementations, the shape of the wiper 630 is compatible with the shape of the exterior surface 696, such that the wiper 630 remains in touch with a corresponding portion of the exterior surface 696 of the LiDAR sensor 690 while the wiper 630 is performing the rotating motion across the exterior surface 696 (e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 7B) . In some examples, a shape of the wiper 630 is substantially same as a shape of the exterior surface 696. In some examples, the shape of the wiper 630 is not exactly the same as the shape of the exterior surface 696, and the wiper 630 can have a flexible wiper blade to be in touch with the exterior surface 696.
[0487] Referring to FIGS. 6A, 10A, and 10B, the driver system 640 can be spatially disposed above the fluidic system 650 and the heating system 660 along the positive Z direction. The wiper 630 can have a “Ω” shape with its two opposite ends along X axis coupled to the wiper driving assembly 1020 and the wiper support assembly 1010, respectively, e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 10A. The wiper support assembly 1010 can be disposed on top of an inner sleeve 1006, while the wiper driving assembly 1020, coupled to a power output of the driver system 640, can be disposed at a same or similar height as the wiper support assembly 1010 along Z direction. In other words, a central axis passing through two ends of the wiper 630 remain parallel to X axis. In such a way, the wiper 630 can perform the reciprocating rotating motion about X axis. In some implementations, the driver system 640 and the wiper driving assembly 1020 can be at one lateral side of the LiDAR sensor 690, while the wiper support assembly 1010 can be disposed at the opposite lateral side of the LiDAR sensor 690 along X axis, e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 10A. Additionally, or alternatively, the heating system 660 and the fluidic system 650 can be adjacent to the driver system 640 but in a plane with an angled position relative to the X-Z plane, where the X-Z plane is defined as shown in FIG. 10A. In other words, the heating system 660 and the fluidic system 650 can be laterally disposed between the driver system 640 and the lifting system 610, e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 6A.
[0488] In some implementations, the LiDAR cleaning system 620 further includes a controller coupled to a driver system, e.g., the driver system 640 (as illustrated in FIG. 13A-13H) or a driver system 1400 (as illustrated in FIGS. 14A-14B) , and the fluidic system 650. The controller can receive at least one of a confirmation signal indicating that the LiDAR sensor 690 is at one of predetermined positions (e.g., a standby position 704 and a working position 702) , or a trigger signal such as a signal indicating that the surface condition of the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor 690 is beyond a predetermined threshold (e.g., from a LiDAR detection system such as 306 of FIG. 3) . Further, the controller can transmit a control signal to the driver system to drive the wiper 630 to move across the exterior surface 696 of the LiDAR sensor 690. Moreover, the controller can transmit another control signal to the fluidic system 650 to dispense the fluid to the exterior surface 696 of the LiDAR sensor 690. In some implementations, the controller can include at least part of the control circuitry 692, e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 6B.
[0489] In some implementations, the controller determines that a cleaning process of the exterior surface 696 of the LiDAR sensor 690 has been completed. For example, the cleaning process can be a predefined number of sprays and / or predefined number of rotating motions of the wiper 630. Subsequently, the controller can transmit a confirmation signal indicating that the cleaning process has been completed. The confirmation signal can be transmitted either wirelessly or through electric wires. The confirmation signal can be transmitted to one or more systems, e.g., the LiDAR lifting system 610. In some implementations, the LiDAR lifting system 610 is activated to move the LiDAR senor 690 to another predetermined position. For example, the LiDAR senor 690 can be moved from the working position 702 to the standby position 704 (e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 7) after the cleaning process has been completed. In some implementations, the LiDAR sensor 690 is in the working position 702 while working. After the cleaning process is completed, the controller stops the cleaning system. In some implementations, the controller determines that a cleaning process is completed, e.g., in response to determining that a surface condition of the exterior surface 696 of the LiDAR sensor 690 is below a threshold, determining that the weather condition is changed (e.g., rain stopped or snow stopped) , or a user input to stop the cleaning process.
[0490] In some implementations, the controller receives a deactivation signal to deactivate the LiDAR cleaning system 620, where the deactivating signal indicates that the surface condition of the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor 690 is within or below a predefined threshold. In one example, the deactivation signal can be from a surface condition detector (e.g., the LiDAR detection system 306 of FIG. 3) which in-situ monitors the surface condition of the LiDAR senor 690 during a cleaning process performed by the LiDAR cleaning system 620. In another example, the deactivation signal can be from the LiDAR cleaning system 620 when it finishes the cleaning process. In addition, the controller can also transmit a control signal to the driver system to drive the wiper 630 back to an initial position corresponding to the inactive state, e.g., the standby mode 706 of cleaner (see diagrams (a) and (c) of FIG. 7) . Furthermore, the controller can transmit another signal to the fluidic system 650 to stop dispensing the fluid.
[0491] Detailed descriptions of components of the example LiDAR cleaning system 620 are further described in FIGS. 11-14B as follows.
[0492] FIG. 11A illustrates an example of a wiper 630. In some implementations, the wiper 630 includes a wiper support frame 1102, a wiper body 1104, and two wiper rotating shafts 1106. The wiper support frame 1102 can have an arc shape. The wiper body 1104 is attached to an inner surface of the wiper support frame 1102 and can also have an arc shape. When the LiDAR cleaning system 620 is in its cleaning mode 708, the wiper body 1104 is at least partially in contact with the exterior surface 696 during its reciprocating rotating motion around X axis.
[0493] In some implementations, the wiper body 1104 includes one or more concentric layers, and each layer of the wiper body 1104 can include one or more portions. For examples, two layers of wiper body 1104, first wiper body 1104a and second wiper body 1104b, are illustrated in FIG. 11A. The first wiper body 1104a can have only one portion, while the second wiper body 1104b can have two portions 1104b1 and 1104b2. Splitting a layer into different portions can potentially increase flexibility of the wiper body 1104.
[0494] Different concentric layers of wiper body 1104 can include a same material or different material. In some implementations, the wiper body 1104 includes silicone or rubber. In some implementations, coupling or assembly between different concentric layers of the wiper body 1104, or between the wiper body 1104 and wiper support frame 1102 utilizes, including, but not limited to, gluing, riveting, welding, adhesive bonding, snap-fit connections, press-fits, clamping or fasteners, keyways and keyed shafts, magnetic connections, tongue and groove connections, threaded insets, soldering, or quick-release couplings, etc.
[0495] Two wiper rotating shafts 1106 can be coupled to two opposite ends of the wiper support frame 1102 along X axis and arranged in a mirror-symmetric configuration, e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 11A. In some implementations, the wiper support frame 1102 includes bendable steel. In some implementations, the two wiper rotating shafts 1106 are coupled to the wiper support frame 1102 using a coupling mechanism, including, but not limited to, riveting, welding, gluing, adhesive bonding, snap-fit connections, press-fits, clamping or fasteners, keyways and keyed shafts, magnetic connections, tongue and groove connections, threaded insets, soldering, or quick-release couplings, etc.
[0496] FIG. 11B illustrates an example of a wiper driving assembly 1020. The wiper driving assembly 1020 can include a connecting bushing 1110, where the connecting bushing 1110 connects and joins a power output shaft 1017 of the driver system 640 and a wiper rotating shaft 1106 of the wiper 630 together. The connecting bushing 1110 can serve to transfer torque and rotational motion from the power output shaft 1017 of the driver system 640 to the rotating shaft 1106 of the wiper 630 while providing other benefits, such as, alignment, support, and reducing wear and fiction. The power output shaft 1017 can be inserted into an inner of the connecting bushing 1110 from one end of the connecting bushing 1110, while the wiper rotating shaft 1106 is also inserted into the inner of the connecting bushing 1110 from an opposite end of the connecting bushing 1110 along X axis.
[0497] Various types of connecting bushing 1110, e.g., rigid couplings, flexible couplings, can be utilized here. Connecting bushing 1110 can utilize a coupling mechanism, including, but not limited to, D-shaft coupling, clamp coupling, split collar coupling, screw coupling, flanged coupling, sleeve coupling, Muff coupling, jaw coupling, gear coupling, disc coupling, Oldham coupling, grid coupling, universal joint, etc. For example, FIG. 11B illustrates a screw coupling between the wiper rotating shaft 1106 and the connecting bushing 1110 through a fastening screw 1108. FIG. 11B further illustrates a D-shaft coupling between the connecting bushing 1110 and the power output shaft 1017, where the power output shaft 1017 has a D-shaped cross section. Note that besides D-shape, any other suitable shape, such as square shape, polygon shape, that can prevent slippage between the power output shaft 1017 and the connecting bushing 1110 can be also used herein.
[0498] In some implementations, the coupling between the wiper rotating shaft 1106 and the connecting bushing 1110 is configured in a manner to easily decouple the wiper 630 from the wiper driving assembly 1020. Wipers 630 may wear out over time due to material reliability and various environmental factors. Easy replacement of wipers 630 can potentially reduce the inconvenience and the cost of maintenance and allow users to adapt their wipers to the specific conditions they are facing, such as using winter wiper blades in snowy conditions and standard blades in clear weather. As shown in FIG. 11B, a fastening screw 1108 is utilized to couple the wiper rotating shaft 1106 and the connecting bushing 1110. In some implementations, one or more corresponding holding structures (e.g., apertures, grooves, or slots) are utilized to hold the fastening screw 1108 on both the wiper rotating shaft 1106 and the connecting bushing 1110. In this example, decoupling the wiper rotating shaft 1106 from the connecting bushing 1110 can be achieved by simply untightening the fastening screw 1108. In some implementations, the wiper rotating shaft 1106 and the connecting bushing 1110 can be coupled by D-shaped shaft without a fastening screw. In this example, decoupling can be achieved by simply applying a force along X axis to remove the shaft from the connecting bushing. The radial (e.g., along X direction) flexibility of the wiper 630 is greater than the axial (e.g., along Y direction) flexibility of the wiper 630.
[0499] FIG. 11C illustrates an example of a wiper support assembly 1010. In some implementations, the wiper support assembly 1010 includes a rotating bushing 1002, a fastening screw 1122, and a bearing 1003. The rotating bushing 1002 is coupled to a wiper rotating shaft 1106 of the wiper 630 and can be rotated around X axis driven by a rotation of the wiper rotating shaft 1106 of the wiper 630. One end of rotating bushing 1002, e.g., the right end in FIG. 11C, is coupled with the wiper rotating shaft 1106 of the wiper 630 by a coupling mechanism, e.g., a fastening screw 1122 or any other suitable detachable coupling mechanism. Additionally, the bearing 1003 is coupled to the opposite end of the rotating bushing 1002 to passively support a rotation of the rotating bushing 1002.
[0500] In some implementations, the wiper support assembly 1010 further includes a bearing housing 1004 and a bearing gland 1128. The bearing housing 1004 is at least partially in contact with a first side of the bearing 1003, e.g., the outer side of the bearing 1003 in FIG. 11C, to securely attach an outer ring of the bearing 1003. The bearing gland 1128 is coupled to the bearing housing 1004 and configured to protect, seal, and support the bearing 1003. The bearing gland 1128 can be motionless when the wiper 630 is rotating. Both the bearing housing 1004 and the bearing gland 1128 can be employed to hold the bearing 1003 in place.
[0501] In some implementations, the wiper support assembly 1010 furthers include a sealing ring 1124 to at least protect the bearing 1003 from liquid, dust, debris, and / or containments. In some implementations, the sealing ring 1124 is deposited inside a recess of the bearing gland 1128 and is at least partially in contact with the rotating bushing 1002 as illustrated in FIG. 11C. In some implementations, the sealing ring 1124 is positioned inside the recess of the bearing gland 1128 by gluing.
[0502] FIGS. 10B and 12A-12B illustrate schematic diagrams of an example fluidic system 650. Referring to FIG. 10B, the fluidic system 650 can include a fluidic conduit 1204 and at least one fluidic nozzle 1202. The fluidic nozzle 1202 can be connected with the fluidic conduit 1204 and configured to dispense fluid (e.g., water, gas) from the fluidic conduit 1204 to the exterior surface 696 of the LiDAR sensor 690. In some implementations, the fluidic conduit 1204 extends along both X and Z axis. One or more fluidic nozzles 1202 can insert into the fluidic outlet 1226 of the fluidic conduit 1204 along Z axis.
[0503] In some implementations, the fluidic system 650 further includes a valve 1206 to control the liquid into the fluidic conduit 1204. FIG. 12A shows a cross-sectional view of the example fluidic system 650. The liquid can be introduced from the inlet 1208 of the fluidic conduit 1204, e.g., the inlet 1208 can be connected to an external fluidic pipe system. The valve 1206 is disposed near the inlet 1208 of the fluidic conduit 1204. When the valve 1206 is turned on, the liquid is introduced into the fluidic system 650, flows through the fluidic conduit 1204 and then is dispensed out through the one or more fluidic nozzles 1202. When the valve 1206 is turned off, the liquid is blocked from entry into the fluidic system 650.
[0504] In some implementations, e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 12B, the valve 1206 is configured to be turned on or off by an electromagnet 1212 that is controlled by a controller, e.g., the control circuitry 692. The electromagnet 1212 can be disposed near the valve 1206 and on an electromagnet fixed bracket 1214. In some implementations, the electromagnet 1212 and the electromagnet fixed bracket 1214 are spatially disposed below the fluidic conduit 1204 along the negative Z axis.
[0505] In some implementations, the one or more fluidic nozzles 1202 are distributed surrounding the LiDAR sensor 690. In some implementations, the one or more fluidic nozzles 1202 are integrated into the wiper 630. Each fluidic nozzle 1202 can dispense liquid, e.g., 5 grams or less per spray. Additionally or alternatively, there can be a time interval between adjacent sprays. For example, the time interval can be 2 to 7 seconds. In some implementations, the one or more fluidic nozzles 1202 are configured to spray the liquid onto a lower part of the exterior surface 696 of the LiDAR sensor 690 or a LiDAR sensor cover. In some implementations, the one or more fluid nozzles 1202 can be positioned above a front of the LiDAR sensor 690 so as to make use of airflow in a forward direction of a terminal device (e.g., a vehicle) , as well as gravity, a direction of spraying, and a heating system.
[0506] A LiDAR cleaning system 620 can further include a heating system 660 to heat the liquid (e.g., water) in the fluidic system 650. As shown in FIG. 12B, the heating system 660 can include, but not limited to, a heating element of electric wires wrapped around at least one portion of the fluidic conduit 1204. When the liquid flows through the fluidic conduit 1204, the heating system 660 can heat the liquid before it is dispensed through the one or more fluidic nozzles 1202. This heated liquid can be used to defrost ice on the exterior surface 696 of the LiDAR sensor 690 under conditions of low temperature. In some implementations, the heating system 660 is coupled to a controller so that it can be turned on or off by the controller. First Example of a Driver System
[0507] FIGS. 10A and 13A-13H illustrate schematic diagrams of a first example of a driver system 640. The driver system 640 is configured to drive a reciprocating rotating motion of the wiper 630 across an exterior surface of a LiDAR sensor 690. In some implementations, the driver system 640 includes a motor 1018, a transmission assembly 1016, and a power output shaft 1017. The transmission assembly 1016 is configured to change a rotation speed of the motor 1018 for the power output shaft 1017.
[0508] In some implementations, e.g., as illustrated in FIGS. 13A-13H, the transmission assembly 1016 includes a worm 1301 and a worm gear 1302. The worm 1301 is coupled to an output shaft 1314 of the motor 1018, and is rotatable around Z axis driven by the motor 1018 (e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 13C) . The worm gear 1302 engages with the worm 1301 and is rotatable around X axis driven by a rotation of the worm 1301 (e.g., as illustrated in FIGS. 13D-13F) . In other words, the motor 1018 applies a rotational power to the worm 1301, the worm 1301 then rotates against the worm gear 1302, and the spiral thread of the worm 1301 pushes on the teeth of the worm gear 1302 resulting in a rotation motion of the worm gear 1302. The worm gear 1302 is then pushed against the load, e.g., the wiper 630. The assembly of the worm 1301 and the worm gear 1302 changes the rotational movement by 90 degrees, e.g., from Z axis to X axis (e.g., as illustrated in FIGS. 13C-13D) , and the plane of movement can also change due to the position of the worm 1301 on the worm gear 1302. In some implementations, the worm 1301 is coupled to the motor output shaft 1314 of the motor 1018 by a suitable method or technique, including, but not limited to, gluing, interference fit, welding, riveting, adhesive bonding, snap-fit connections, press-fits, clamping or fasteners, keyways and keyed shafts, magnetic connections, tongue and groove connections, threaded insets, soldering, gluing, or quick-release couplings, etc. In some implementations, a number of gear teeth of the worm gear 1302 is greater than a number of starts / threads of the worm 1301. A gear ratio can be defined to be a ratio equal to the number of gear teeth of a worm gear divided by a number of starts / threads on a worm. In some examples, the gear ratio for the worm gear 1302 and the worm 1301 is more than 2: 1, 5: 1, 10: 1, 20: 1, 30: 1, 40: 1, or even more.
[0509] In some implementations, the transmission assembly 1016 further includes an intermediate shaft 1312, an input spur gear 1308, and an output spur gear 1310, e.g., as illustrated in FIGS. 13E-13H. The intermediate shaft 1312 is coupled to the worm gear 1302 and rotatable around X axis driven by a rotation of the worm gear 1302. The input spur gear 1308 is mounted on the intermediate shaft 1312, and thus the rotation of the intermediate shaft 1312 further drives the rotation of the input spur gear 1308 about the X axis. The output spur gear 1310 is also mounted on a corresponding intermediate shaft 1112, and thus the rotation of the intermediate shaft 1112 further drives the rotation of the input spur gear 1310 about the X axis. The output spur gear 1310 engages with the input spur gear 1308 so that the rotation of the input spur gear 1308 drives the rotation of the output spur gear 1310. The output spur gear 1310 is coupled to the power output shaft 1017. Consequently, the power output shaft 1017 is rotatable about an axis parallel to the X axis driven by the rotation of the output spur gear 1310. In other words, the motor 1018 provides a rotational motion to the worm 1301. As the worm 1301 rotates, its threads engage with the worm gear 1302 on the intermediate shaft 1312. When the worm gear 1302 turns, it also rotates the input spur gear 1308 on the same shaft. The output spur gear 1310 is coupled to the power output shaft 1017 and the teeth of the output spur gear 1310 engage with the teeth of the input spur gear 1308. As the input spur gear 1308 turns, it drives the output spur gear 1310. Finally, the power output shaft 1017 rotates with the output spur gear 1310 and transfers torque and rotational motion to the wiper 630 through the wiper driving assembly 1020 (e.g., as illustrated in FIGS. 10A and 11B) . In some implementations, a diameter of the output spur gear 1310 is smaller than a diameter of the input spur gear 1308. Alternatively or in addition, the input spur gear 1308 has more teeth than the output spur gear 1310 to cause a speed reduction.
[0510] In some implementations, the coupling mechanism between the worm gear 1302 and the intermediate shaft 1312, between the input spur gear 1308 and the intermediate shaft 1312, and / or between the output spur gear 1310 and the power output shaft 1017, can be any coupling mechanism that can prevent slippage, e.g., includes, but not limited to, D-shaped inner bore of the worm gear 1302 (e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 13H) , D-shaped shaft, gluing, interference fit, welding, riveting, adhesive bonding, snap-fit connections, press-fits, clamping or fasteners, keyways and keyed shafts, magnetic connections, tongue and groove connections, threaded insets, soldering, gluing, or quick-release couplings, etc.
[0511] In some implementations, the transmission assembly 1016 includes two transmission changers: a first transmission changer and a second transmission changer. The first transmission changer is configured to change the rotation speed of the motor 1018 to a first speed; and the second transmission changer is configured to change the first speed to a second speed for the power output shaft 1017. For example, as illustrated in FIGS. 13A-13H, the first transmission changer can include the worm 1301 and the worm gear 1302. The assembly of the worm 1301 and the worm gear 1302 is configured to change the rotation speed of the motor 1018 to a first speed, e.g., the rotation speed of the worm gear 1302. The second transmission changer can include the intermediate shaft 1312, the input spur gear 1308, the output spur gear 1310, and the power output shaft 1017. The second transmission changer is configured to change the rotation speed of the worm gear 1302 to the second speed, e.g., the rotation speed of power output shaft 1017. In some implementations, the first speed is smaller than the rotation speed of the motor 1018, while the second speed is smaller than the first speed. In some implementations, the first speed is smaller than the rotation speed of the motor 1018, while the second speed is higher than the first speed but smaller than the rotation speed of the motor 1018. Speed reduction and / or increase can be achieved using various combinations of gears and / or gear ratio that is the ratio of a number of teeth on an input gear or worm to a number of teeth on an output gear or worm gear.
[0512] Each shaft, e.g., the intermediate shaft 1112 and the intermediate shaft 1312, can have corresponding bearings on ends of the shaft. In some implementations, the transmission assembly 1016 further includes a first bearing 1318 and a second bearing 1320 for the intermediate shaft 1312. As illustrated in FIGS. 13D, 13F, and 13G, the first bearing 1318 can be located at one end of the intermediate shaft 1312, while the second bearing 1320 can be located at the opposite end of the intermediate shaft 1312 along X axis. Both bearings 1318, 1320 can include an inner surface fitting the ends of the intermediate shaft 1312 and an outer surface mounted on a housing of the transmission assembly 1016 (see FIG. 13F) . Both bearings 1318, 1320 can be configured to support axial and radial loads on the intermediate shaft 1312 and increase stability. Similarly, the transmission assembly 1016 can also include a first bearing 1114 and a second bearing 1116 that can be located on opposite ends of the intermediate shaft 1112 along X axis. Both bearings 1114, 1116 can include an inner surface fitting the ends of the intermediate shaft 1112 and an outer surface mounted on the housing of the transmission assembly 1016. Both bearings 1114, 1116 can be configured to support axial and radial loads on the intermediate shaft 1112 and increase stability. Second Example of a Driver System
[0513] FIG. 14A illustrates schematic diagram of a second embodiment of a driver system 1400. FIG. 14B illustrates a schematic, exploded diagram of the driver system 1400. The driver system 1400 is configured to drive a reciprocating rotating motion of a wiper 630 across an exterior surface of a LiDAR sensor 690.
[0514] In some implementations, the driver system 1400 includes a motor 1402, a conveyor belt 1404, and a power output shaft 1017. The conveyor belt 1404 can be coupled to the motor 1402 and extend along a first axis, e.g., Z axis (see FIG. 14A) , and the conveyor belt 1404 can be moveable along the Z axis driven by the motor 1402. The power output shaft 1017 can be coupled to the conveyor belt 1404 and the wiper 630 (see FIGS. 11B and 14B) , where the power output shaft 1017 is rotatable about a second axis, e.g., the X axis in FIG. 14B, and a rotation of the power output shaft 1017 drives the reciprocating rotating motion of the wiper 630 around the same axis. X axis as illustrated in FIG. 14A-14B is perpendicular to both Y axis and Z axis.
[0515] In some implementations, the conveyor belt 1404 includes a closed belt made of a flexible material (e.g., rubber) . In some implementations, the force that drives the conveyor belt 1404 is produced by friction between the motor 1402 and the underside of the conveyor belt 1404’s moving surface. Likewise, the force to drive the power output shaft 1017 can be produced by friction between the power output shaft 1017 and the underside of the conveyor belt 1404’s moving surface. Second Type of LiDAR Cleaning Systems
[0516] Implementations of the present disclosure provides a second type of LiDAR cleaning systems, where wiper driver systems (e.g., the wiper driver system 504 of FIG. 5) are mounted on at least one side surface of a LiDAR sensor. In some implementations, a driver system includes at least one rod assembly (e.g., as illustrated with further details in FIGS. 15-25) , which can include one rod, two rods, or three or more rods. A rod assembly can include a telescopic rod, and a motion of the rod assembly can include a change of a length of the telescopic rod. In some implementations, the telescopic rod includes, but not limited to, a single-stage telescopic rod, a multi-stage telescopic rod, a single-acting telescopic rod, a ball screw telescopic rod, a telescopic cylinder, etc. In some implementations, e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 20, 22, or 26, the wiper driver system can reduce a space occupied by the LiDAR cleaning system in front of the LiDAR sensor, thereby improving aesthetics and reducing the impact on the LiDAR’s field of view. In some implementations, a driver system includes at least one rotation assembly (e.g., as illustrated with further details in FIG. 26) . The driver system is configured to move a wiper across an exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor, e.g., linearly. Although not shown, any one of the LiDAR cleaning systems described in FIGS. 15-26 can include a fluidic system (e.g., the fluidic system 506 of FIG. 5) and associated driver system (e.g., the fluidic driver system 508 of FIG. 5) , which can be described in any one of FIGS. 27A to 32D.
[0517] FIG. 15 is a schematic view of an example LiDAR cleaning system 1500 for a LiDAR sensor 1590. The LiDAR sensor 1590 can be same as, or similar to, the LiDAR sensor 132, 134 of FIG. 1B, the LiDAR sensor 302 of FIG. 3, or the LiDAR sensor 400 of FIG. 4. As shown in FIG. 15, the LiDAR sensor 1590 has a first opposite side 1592 (in an YZ plane) and a second opposite side 1594 (in an YZ plane) facing each other. The LiDAR sensor 1590 can include a cover 1580 between the first opposite side 1592 and the second opposite side 1594. The cover 1580 has an interior surface facing inwards and an exterior surface 1582 facing outwards, and the exterior surface 1582 can be also considered as an exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor 1590.
[0518] When the LiDAR sensor 1590 is in use, the LiDAR sensor 1590 emits light to detect ambient environment through the cover 1580. In some implementations, the exterior surface 1582 of the cover 1580 is a flat surface. In some implementations, the exterior surface 1582 of the cover 1580 has an arc or curved shape (e.g., a hemispherical shape) . The cover 1580 has a first edge 1584 having a first end 1586 and a second end 1587, and a second edge 1588. For example, when viewed under the XYZ coordinate system in FIG. 15, the first edge 1584 and the second edge 1588 of the cover 1580 both extend in the Y direction of the coordinate; the first and second opposite sides 1592, 1594 can extend parallel to the YZ plane; and the exterior surface 1582 of the cover 1580 can extend with respect to the XY plane. Note that the exterior surface 1582 can be curved, and the cover 1580 can be inclined.
[0519] As shown in FIG. 15, the LiDAR cleaning system 1500 can include a wiper 1510 and a driver system 1520. The wiper 1510 is in touch with the exterior surface 1582 of the cover 1580. When the LiDAR cleaning system 1500 is activated, the driver system 1520 drives the wiper 1510 to move across the exterior surface 1582 of the cover 1580, along the first edge 1584 and / or the second edge 1588 of the cover 1580. In some implementations, the movement of the wiper 1510 is constrained so that the wiper 1510 can only move along the first edge 1584 and / or the second edge 1588 of the cover 1580. For example, the LiDAR cleaning system 1500 can further include a guide rail along the first edge 1584 and / or the second edge 1588 of the cover 1580, and the wiper 1510 moves in the guide rail when driven by the driver system 1520. When the LiDAR cleaning system 1500 is deactivated, the wiper 1510 stays on an end (e.g., the first end 1586 or the second end 1587 of the first edge 1584, and / or ends of the second edge 1588) of the exterior surface 1582 or the cover 1580, to reduce or avoid blocking of the window used for light emission and reception of the LiDAR sensor 1590.
[0520] In some implementations, the LiDAR cleaning system 1500 further includes a fluidic system (e.g., a fluidic system as described with respect to FIGS. 27A-32D) that includes a fluidic nozzle. The fluidic nozzle can be configured to dispense gas (e.g., air with a certain speed) or liquid (e.g., water, detergent, or the combination thereof) , which enhances the cleaning effect when the wiper 1510 cleans across the cover 1580. In some implementations, the fluidic nozzle is integrated into the wiper 1510, and the driver system 1520 moves the wiper 1510 and the fluidic nozzle together, e.g., as illustrated in FIGS. 27B-27C. In some implementations, the fluidic nozzle is separate from the wiper 1510, e.g., as illustrated in FIGS. 29A-29C, 30A-30B, or 32A-32D. For example, the fluidic nozzle can be mounted on the first opposite side 1592, next to the first edge 1584 of the cover 1580, or can be mounted on the second opposite side 1594, next to the second edge 1588 of the cover 1580. In some implementations, when the LiDAR cleaning system 1500 is activated, the fluidic nozzle extends above the exterior surface 1582 to dispense gas or liquid, while the wiper 1510 moves across the exterior surface 1582. When the LiDAR cleaning system 1500 is deactivated, the fluidic nozzle retracts below the exterior surface 1582, while the wiper 1510 stays on an edge of the exterior surface 1582.
[0521] The driver system 1520 can include at least one rod assembly coupled to the wiper. In some implementations, the driver system 1520 includes a first rod assembly 1530 mounted on the first opposite side 1592 of the LiDAR sensor 1590, and a second rod assembly 1550 mounted on the second opposite side 1594 of the LiDAR sensor 1590. One end of the wiper 1510 is coupled to the first rod assembly 1530, and the other end of the wiper 1510 is coupled to the second rod assembly 1550. In some implementations, the first rod assembly 1530 has a same or similar configuration as the second rod assembly 1550. For purpose of brevity, the structure of the first rod assembly 1530 is discussed in detail below, and the structure of the second rod assembly 1550 can take the structure of the first rod assembly as reference.
[0522] In some implementations, e.g., as illustrated in FIGS. 15-18, the first rod assembly 1530 includes a first rod 1532, a second rod 1534, and a third rod 1536 that are connected at a connection joint 1540. The first rod 1532 is coupled to a rod joint 1538 fixed on the first opposite side 1592 at one end, and is coupled to the connection joint 1540 at the other end. The first rod 1532 can be a telescopic rod, where a length of the first rod 1532 may be changed during a motion of the first rod assembly 1530. For example, the telescopic rod 1532 can include a first part 1532a and a second part 1532b that can accommodate a portion or all of the first part 1532a, where the first part 1532a can be extended from or retracted into the second part 1532b to change an overall length of the telescopic rod 1532. The first portion 1532a can be freely movable (e.g., slidable) into an inner of the second part 1532b or out from the inner of the second part 1532b. For example, there can be no spring coupled between the first part 1532a and the second part 1532b.
[0523] The second rod 1534 is coupled to the wiper 1510 at one end, and is coupled to the connection joint 1540 at the other end. The second rod 1534 can be a rigid rod, where the length of the second rod 1534 does not change or remains the same during the motion of the first rod assembly 1530. The third rod 1536 is coupled to the second end 1587 of the first edge 1584 at one end, and is coupled to the connection joint 1540 at the other end. The third rod 1536 can be a rigid rod, where the length of the third rod 1536 does not change or remains the same during the motion of the first rod assembly 1530.
[0524] In some implementations, e.g., as illustrated with further details in FIGS. 21-22, a first rod assembly (e.g., a first rod assembly 2130 of FIG. 21) includes a first rod (e.g., a first rod 2132 of FIG. 21 or a first rod 2232 of FIG. 22) and a second rod (e.g., a second rod 2134 of FIG. 21 or a second rod 2234 of FIG. 22) , where the first rod can be a telescopic rod and the second rod can be a rigid rod.
[0525] In some implementations, e.g., as illustrated with further details in FIGS. 23-25, a first rod assembly includes a single rod. For example, the single rod can be a telescopic rod (e.g., a rod 2332 of FIG. 23 or a rod 2432 of FIG. 24) . For another example, the single rod can be a rigid rod (e.g., a rod 2532 of FIG. 25) .
[0526] FIG. 16 is a schematic view 1600 of the LiDAR cleaning system 1500 in motion when activated. When the LiDAR cleaning system 1500 is activated, the driver system 1520 drives the wiper 1510 to move along the first edge 1584 and / or the second edge 1588 of the cover 1580, from a first state (a) , to an intermediate state (b) , and then to a second state (c) , and / or backwards from the second state (c) , the intermediate state (b) , and then to the first state (a) . In some implementations, when activated, the LiDAR cleaning system 1500 is in a reciprocating motion between the first state (a) and the second state (c) , until the LiDAR cleaning system 1500 is deactivated.
[0527] In the first state (a) , the wiper 1510 can be located at the first end 1586 of the first edge 1584. When driven by the driver system 1520 that includes the first rod assembly 1530 and the second rod assembly 1550, the LiDAR cleaning system 1500 can move past the intermediate state (b) , and arrive at the second state (c) . In the intermediate state (b) , the wiper 1510 can be located on the first edge 1584 at a point between the first end 1586 and the second end 1587. In the second state (c) , the wiper 1510 can be located on the second end 1587 of the first edge 1584. In some implementations, each of the rod assemblies 1530, 1550 includes a telescopic rod 1532, and the length of the telescopic rod changes when the LiDAR cleaning system 1500 moves between the first state (a) and the second state (c) . Further, the first rod 1532 can rotate around the rod joint 1538 or extend with respect to the rod joint 1538 when the LiDAR cleaning system 1500 moves between the first state (a) and the second state (c) . In such a way, the wiper 1510 moves across the exterior surface 1582 of the cover 1580 when driven along the first edge 1584 between the first end 1586 and the second end 1587.
[0528] It should be noted that the placement of the LiDAR cleaning system 1500 in FIGS. 15-16 is for illustrative purposes only, and should not be construed as limiting the placement of a LiDAR cleaning system in actual use environments. For example, when the LiDAR cleaning system 1500 is mounted on a vehicle, one of the first and second opposite sides can be placed horizontally (e.g., the XZ plane as a horizontal plane) , and the wiper can move across the exterior surface of the cover along a vertical direction (e.g., the Y direction as a vertical direction) . The distance between the first opposite side 1592 and the second opposite side 1594 can be defined as a width (i.e., in the X direction) of the cover 1580. A vertical distance between the first end and the second end of the first edge 1584 or the second edge 1588 can be defined as a height (e.g., in the Y direction) of the cover 1580. In some implementation, the height of the cover 1580 is smaller than the width of the cover 1580. It takes the LiDAR cleaning system 1500 to move the wiper 1510 along the height of cover with less time to finish a single wipe across the exterior surface 1582 of the cover 1580, as compared to a similar LiDAR cleaning system configured to move a wiper along the width of the cover.
[0529] In some implementations, the driver system 1520 includes the first rod assembly 1530 mounted on the first opposite side 1592 of the LiDAR sensor 1590 and the second rod assembly 1550 mounted on the second opposite side 1594 of the LiDAR sensor 1590. When the LiDAR cleaning system 1500 is activated, the first rod assembly 1530 and the second rod assembly 1550 move in synchronization. For example, the end of the wiper 1510 coupled to the first rod assembly 1530 arrives at same ends of the respective edges 1584, 1588 at the same time. In such, the wiper is always parallel to the height of the cover when moving along the edge 1584. In other implementations, when the LiDAR cleaning system 1500 is activated, the first rod assembly 1530 and the second rod assembly 1550 do not move in synchronization with each other, and the wiper 1510 can be extendable. For example, when the end of the wiper 1510 coupled to the first rod assembly 1530 arrives at the first end 1586 of the first edge 1584, the end of the wiper 1510 coupled to the second rod assembly 1550 can be at a point between a first end and a second end of the second edge 1588. In such, the wiper 1510 is capable of moving across the exterior surface 1582 at different angles. First Embodiment
[0530] FIG. 17 is a side view of an example LiDAR cleaning system 1700. The side view can be projected from above a first opposite side 1792 (e.g., the first opposite side 1592) of a LiDAR sensor 1790 (e.g., the LiDAR sensor 1590) coupled to the LiDAR cleaning system 1700. Other than a driver system that includes at least one rod assembly 1730, the LiDAR cleaning system 1700 can have a same configuration as the LiDAR cleaning system 1500 in FIGS. 15-16.
[0531] As shown in FIG. 17, the rod assembly 1730 can include a first rod 1732 (e.g., the first rod 1532) , a second rod 1734 (e.g., the second rod 1534) , and a third rod 1736 (e.g., the third rod 1536) . The first rod 1732 is coupled to a rod joint 1738 (e.g., the rod joint 1538) fixed on the first opposite side 1792 at one end, and is coupled to a connection joint 1740 (e.g., the connection joint 1540) at the other end. The first rod 1732 is rotatable around the rod joint 1738. The first rod 1732 can be a telescopic rod, where the length of the first rod 1732 can be changed during a motion of the rod assembly 1730. For example, the telescopic rod can include a first part (e.g., 1532a) and a second part (e.g., 1532b) that can accommodate a portion or all of the first part, where the first part can be extended from or retracted into the second part to change the overall length of the telescopic rod. The second rod 1734 is coupled to the wiper 1710 at one end, and is coupled to the connection joint 1740 at the other end. The second rod 1734 is movable along an edge 1784 of a cover (e.g., the cover 1580) along with the wiper 1710. The second rod 1734 can be a rigid rod, where the length of the second rod 1734 does not change during the motion of the rod assembly 1730. The third rod 1736 is coupled to the second end 1787 of the edge 1784 at one end, and is coupled to the connection joint 1740 at the other end. The third rod 1736 is rotatable around the second end 1787 of the edge 1784. The third rod 1736 can be a rigid rod, where the length of the third rod 1736 does not change during the motion of the rod assembly 1730. In some implementations, the sum of the length of the second rod 1734 and the length of the third rod 1736 equals the length of the edge 1784 of the cover. In this way, when the wiper 1710 moves to a first end 1786 of the edge 1784 (e.g., the LiDAR cleaning system 1700 is in the first state (a) ) , the connection joint 1740 falls on the edge 1784. In some implementations, the length of the second rod 1734 is equal to the length of the third rod 1736. In this way, when the wiper 1710 moves to a second end 1787 of the edge 1784 (e.g., the LiDAR cleaning system 1700 is in the second state (c) ) , the second rod 1734 overlaps with the third rod 1736.
[0532] When the LiDAR cleaning system 1700 is activated, the driver system drives the wiper 1710 to move along the edge 1784 of the cover, from the first state (a) , to an intermediate state (b) , and then to a second state (c) , and / or backwards from the second state (c) , the intermediate state (b) , and then to the first state (a) . In some implementations, when activated, the LiDAR cleaning system 1700 is in a reciprocating motion between the first state (a) and the second state (c) , until the LiDAR cleaning system 1700 is deactivated.
[0533] In the first state (a) , the wiper 1710 can be located at the first end 1786 of the edge 1784. When driven by the driver system that includes the rod assembly 1730, the LiDAR cleaning system 1700 can move past the intermediate state (b) , and arrive at the second state (c) . In the intermediate state (b) , the wiper 1710 can be located on the edge 1784 at a point between the first end 1786 and the second end 1787, and the length of first rod 1732 is greater than its length in the first state (a) . In the second state (c) , the wiper 1710 can be located on the second end 1787 of the edge, and the length of the first rod 1732 can be the greatest during the movement between the first state (a) and the second state (c) .
[0534] In some implementations, the driver system includes a first actuator configured to rotate the first rod 1732 around the rod joint 1738. As the first rod 1732 rotates around the rod joint 1738 from (a) to (b) to (c) , the first rod 1732 extends above an exterior surface (e.g., the exterior surface 1582) of the cover, the second rod 1734 moves along the edge 1784, and the third rod 1736 rotates around the second end 1787. In such a way, the driver system moves the wiper 1710 across the exterior surface of the cover.
[0535] In some implementations, as noted above, the first rod 1732 is a telescopic rod, and a length of the first rod 1732 can freely change during the rotation of the first rod 1732 around the rod joint 1738, e.g., the first part can move (or slide) in or out of an inner of the second part, while an end of the wiper 1710 can be restrained to move in at a guide rail on the edge 1784 of the cover. In some implementations, the driver system includes a second actuator configured to change a length of the first rod 1732 between the rod joint 1738 and the connection joint 1740. As the first rod 1732 extends (e.g., from (a) to (b) to (c) ) or shortens (e.g., from (c) to (b) to (a) ) in its length, the first rod 1732 rotates around the rod joint 1738, the second rod 1734 moves along the edge 1784, and the third rod 1736 rotates around the second end 1787. In this way, the driver system moves the wiper 1710 across the exterior surface of the cover. The driver system can include a second rod assembly (e.g., the second rod assembly 1550) mounted on another side (e.g., the second opposite side 1594) of the LiDAR sensor. The second rod assembly can have a same or similar configuration as the rod assembly 1730.
[0536] FIGS. 18-19 are side views of example LiDAR cleaning systems 1800, 1900 including a retraction mechanism such as a spring. The spring, together with the first actuator or the second actuator, drives the reciprocating motion of the LiDAR cleaning system between a first state and a second state. The LiDAR cleaning system 1800, 1900 can be similar to the LiDAR cleaning system 1700 of FIG. 17.
[0537] In some implementations, e.g., as shown in FIG. 18, a rod assembly 1830 of a driver system of the LiDAR cleaning system 1800 can include a spring 1860. The spring 1860 is coupled between a rod joint 1838 and an end of a first rod 1832. The first rod 1832 can be a rigid rod or a telescopic rod. Referring back to FIG. 17, in some implementations, when an actuator (e.g., an actuator configured to change the length of the first rod 1732) drives the rod assembly 1830 from the first state (a) to the second state (c) , the spring 1860 deforms from its natural state to an extended state. Then, the elastic power in the spring 1860 can drive the rod assembly 1830 from the second state (c) back to the first state (a) with less or no power from the actuator.
[0538] In some implementations, e.g., as shown in FIG. 19, a rod assembly 1930 of a driver system of the LiDAR cleaning system 1900 includes a spring 1960 coupled to a first rod 1932, e.g., at a position between two ends of the first rod 1932. The first rod 1932 is coupled between a rod joint 1938 and a connection joint 1940. One end of the spring 1960 is coupled to the first rod 1932 on a point of between the rod joint 1938 and the connection joint 1940. The other end of the spring 1960 is coupled to a third joint 1962 on a side 1992 of a LiDAR sensor 1990. Referring back to FIG. 17, in some implementations, when an actuator (e.g., an actuator configured to rotate the first rod 1732 around the rod joint 1738) drives the rod assembly 1930 from the first state (a) to the second state (c) , the spring 1960 deforms from its natural state to an extended / contracted state. Then, the elastic power in the spring 1960 can drive the rod assembly 1930 from the second state (c) back to the first state (a) with less or no power from the actuator. Second Embodiment
[0539] FIG. 20 is a side view of an example LiDAR cleaning system 2000. The side view is projected from above a first opposite side 2092 of a LiDAR sensor 2090 coupled to the LiDAR cleaning system 2000. Other than a driver system that includes at least one rod assembly 2030, the LiDAR cleaning system 2000 can have a same configuration as the LiDAR cleaning system 1500 in FIGS. 15-16.
[0540] In some implementations, e.g., as shown in FIG. 20, the rod assembly 2030 includes a first rod 2032 (e.g., the first rod 1532) , a second rod 2034 (e.g., the second rod 1534) , and a third rod 2036 (e.g., the third rod 1536) that are connected at a connection joint 2040. The first rod 2032 is coupled to a rod joint 2038 fixed on the first opposite side 2092 at one end, and is coupled to the connection joint 2040 at the other end. The first rod 2032 is rotatable around the rod joint 2038. The first rod 2032 can be a telescopic rod, where a length of the first rod 2032 can be changed during a motion of the rod assembly 2030. For example, the telescopic rod can include a first part (e.g., 1532a) and a second part (e.g., 1532b) that can accommodate part or all of the first part, where the first part can be extended from or retracted into the second part (or be freely slidable into or out from an inner of the second part) to change the overall length of the telescopic rod. The second rod 2034 is coupled to the wiper 2010 at one end, and is coupled to the connection joint 2040 at the other end. The second rod 2034 is movable along an edge 2084 of cover along with the wiper 2010. The second rod 2034 can be a rigid rod, where the length of the second rod 2034 does not change during the motion of the rod assembly 2030. The third rod 2036 is coupled to the second end 2087 of the edge 2084 at one end, and is coupled to the connection joint 2040 at the other end. The third rod 2036 is rotatable around the second end 2087 of the edge 2084. The third rod 2036 can be a rigid rod, where the length of the third rod 2036 does not change during the motion of the rod assembly 2030. In some implementations, the sum of the length of the second rod 2034 and the length of the third rod 2036 equals the length of the edge 2084 of a cover.
[0541] In some implementations, when the wiper 2010 is placed at a first end 2086 of the edge 2084 (e.g., the LiDAR cleaning system 2000 is in the first state (a) ) , the connection joint 2040 falls on the edge 2084. In some implementations, the length of the second rod 2034 is equal to the length of the third rod 2036. In such a way, when the wiper 2010 moves to a second end 2087 of the edge 2084 (e.g., the LiDAR cleaning system 2000 is in the second state (c) ) , the second rod 2034 overlaps with the third rod 2036.
[0542] When the LiDAR cleaning system 2000 is activated, the driver system drives the wiper 2010 to move along the edge 2084 of the cover, from the first state (a) , to an intermediate state (b) , and then to the second state (c) , and / or backwards from the second state (c) , the intermediate state (b) , and then to the first state (a) . In some implementations, when activated, the LiDAR cleaning system 2000 is in a reciprocating motion between the first state (a) and the second state (c) , until the LiDAR cleaning system 2000 is deactivated.
[0543] In the first state (a) , the wiper 2010 can be located at the first end 2086 of the edge 2084. When driven by the driver system that includes the rod assembly 2030, the LiDAR cleaning system 2000 can move past the intermediate state (b) , and arrive at the second state (c) . In the intermediate state (b) , the wiper 2010 can be located on the edge 2084 at a point between the first end 2086 and the second end 2087, and the length of the first rod 2032 is smaller than its length in the first state (a) . In the second state (c) , the wiper 2010 can be located on the second end 2087 of the edge, and the length of the first rod 2032 is the smallest during the movement between the first state (a) and the second state (c) .
[0544] In some implementations, the driver system includes a first actuator that is configured to rotate the first rod 2032 around the rod joint 2038. As the first rod 2032 rotates around the rod joint 2038 from (a) to (b) to (c) , the first rod retracts under an exterior surface (e.g., the exterior surface 1582) of the cover, the second rod 2034 moves along the edge 2084, and the third rod 2036 rotates around the second end 2087. In such a way, the driver system moves the wiper 2010 across the exterior surface of the cover.
[0545] In some implementations, as noted above, the first rod 2032 is a telescopic rod, and a length of the first rod 2032 can freely change during the rotation of the first rod 2032 around the rod joint 2038, e.g., the first part can move (or slide) in or out of an inner of the second part, while an end of the wiper 2010 can be restrained to move in at a guide rail on the edge 2084 of the cover. In some implementations, the driver system includes a second actuator that is configured to change the length of the first rod 2032 between the rod joint 2038 and the connection joint 2040. As the first rod 2032 shortens (e.g., from (a) to (b) to (c) ) or extends (e.g., from (c) to (b) to (a) ) in its length, the first rod 2032 rotates around the rod joint 2038, the second rod 2034 moves along the edge 2084, and the third rod 2036 rotates around the second end 2087. In this way, the driver system moves the wiper 2010 across the exterior surface of the cover.
[0546] FIG. 20 does not show a spring (e.g., the spring 1860 of FIG. 18, the spring 1960 of FIG. 19) , it would be understood that in other implementations, the spring may also be provided in the rod assembly 2030. The driver system of the LiDAR cleaning system 2000 can include a second rod assembly mounted on another side (e.g., the second opposite side 1694) of the LiDAR sensor. The second rod assembly can have a same configuration as the rod assembly 2030. Third Embodiment
[0547] FIG. 21 is a side view of an example LiDAR cleaning system 2100. The side view is projected from above a first opposite side 2192 of a LiDAR sensor 2190 coupled to the LiDAR cleaning system 2100. Other than a driver system that includes at least one rod assembly 2130, the LiDAR cleaning system 2100 can have a same configuration as the LiDAR cleaning system 1500 in FIGS. 15-16.
[0548] In some implementations, e.g., as shown in FIG. 21, the rod assembly 2130 includes a first rod 2132 and a second rod 2134. The first rod 2132 is coupled to a rod joint 2138 on an edge 2196 of the first opposite side 2192 at one end and is coupled to a connection joint 2140 at the other end. The first rod 2132 can be same as, or similar to, the first rod 1532 of FIGS. 15-16. The first rod 2132 can be a telescopic rod, where a length of the first rod 2132 can be changed during a motion of the rod assembly 2130. For example, the telescopic rod can include an extension portion between an edge 2184 of a cover of the LiDAR sensor 2190 and the connection joint 2140. In some implementations, the first rod 2132 does not rotate around the rod joint 2138, and changes its length along the direction of the edge 2196. The second rod 2134 is coupled to a wiper 2110 at one end, and is coupled to the connection joint 2140 at the other end. The second rod 2134 is movable along an edge 2184 of the cover along with the wiper 2110. The second rod 2134 can be a rigid rod, where the length of the second rod 2134 does not change during the motion of the rod assembly 2130. In some implementations, the length of the second rod 2134 is equal to the length of the edge 2184 of the cover. In this way, when the wiper 2110 moves to a first end 2186 of the edge 2184 (e.g., the LiDAR cleaning system 2100 is in a first state (a) ) , the second rod 2134 overlaps with the edge 2184.
[0549] When the LiDAR cleaning system 2100 is activated, the driver system drives the wiper 2110 to move along the edge 2184 of the cover, from the first state (a) , to an intermediate state (b) , and then to a second state (c) , and / or backwards from the second state (c) , the intermediate state (b) , and then to the first state (a) . In some implementations, when activated, the LiDAR cleaning system 2100 is in a reciprocating motion between the first state (a) and the second state (c) , until the LiDAR cleaning system 2100 is deactivated.
[0550] In the first state (a) , the wiper 2110 can be located at the first end 2186 of the edge 2184. When driven by the driver system that includes the rod assembly 2130, the LiDAR cleaning system 2100 can move past the intermediate state (b) , and arrive at the second state (c) . In the intermediate state (b) , the wiper 2110 can be located on the edge 2184 at a point between the first end 2186 and the second end 2187, and the length of first rod 2132 is greater than its length in the first state (a) . In the second state (c) , the wiper 2110 can be located on the second end 2187 of the edge 2184, and the length of the first rod 2132 is the greatest during the movement between the first state (a) and the second state (c) .
[0551] In some implementations, the driver system includes an actuator configured to change the length of the first rod 2132 between the edge 2184 and the connection joint 2140. As the first rod 2132 extends (e.g., from (a) to (b) to (c) ) in its length, the first rod 2132 extends above an exterior surface (e.g., the exterior surface 1582) of the cover, and the second rod 2134 moves along the edge 2184 from the first end 2186 to the second end 2187. As the first rod 2132 shortens (e.g., from (c) to (b) to (a) ) in its length, the second rod 2134 moves along the edge 2184 from the second end 2187 to the first end 2186. In this way, the driver system moves the wiper 2110 across the exterior surface of the cover.
[0552] FIG. 21 does not show a spring (e.g., the spring 1860 of FIG. 18) , it would be understood that in other implementations, the spring may also be provided in the rod assembly 2130. The driver system of the LiDAR cleaning system 2100 can include a second rod assembly mounted on another side (e.g., the second opposite side 1594) of the LiDAR sensor 2190. The second rod assembly can have a same or similar configurations as the rod assembly 2130. Fourth Embodiment
[0553] FIG. 22 is a side view of an example LiDAR cleaning system 2200. The side view is projected from above a first opposite side 2292 of a LiDAR sensor 2290 coupled to the LiDAR cleaning system 2200. Other than a driver system that includes at least one rod assembly 2230, the LiDAR cleaning system 2200 can have the same configurations as the LiDAR cleaning system 1600 in FIGS. 15-16.
[0554] In some implementations, e.g., as shown in FIG. 22, the rod assembly 2230 includes a first rod 2232 and a second rod 2234. The first rod 2232 is coupled to a rod joint 2238 on an edge 2296 of the first opposite side 2292 at one end, and is coupled to a connection joint 2240 at the other end. The first rod 2232 can be same as, or similar to, the first rod 1532 of FIGS. 15-16, and can be a telescopic rod, where a length of the first rod 2232 can be changed during a motion of the rod assembly 2230. For example, the telescopic rod can include a retraction portion between the edge 2284 of the cover and the connection joint 2240. In some implementations, the first rod 2232 does not rotate around the rod joint 2238, and changes its length along the direction of the edge 2296. The second rod 2234 is coupled to a wiper 2210 at one end, and is coupled to the connection joint 2240 at the other end. The second rod is movable along an edge 2284 of the cover along with the wiper 2210. The second rod 2234 can be a rigid rod, where the length of the second rod 2234 does not change during the motion of the rod assembly 2230. In some implementations, the length of the second rod 2234 is equal to the length of the edge 2284 of the cover. In this way, when the wiper 2210 moves to a first end 2286 of the edge 2284 (e.g., the LiDAR cleaning system 2200 is in a first state (a) ) , the second rod 2234 overlaps with the edge 2284.
[0555] When the LiDAR cleaning system 2200 is activated, the driver system drives the wiper 2210 to move along the edge 2284 of the cover, from the first state (a) , to an intermediate state (b) , and then to a second state (c) , and / or backwards from the second state (c) , the intermediate state (b) , and then to the first state (a) . In some implementations, when activated, the LiDAR cleaning system 2200 is in a reciprocating motion between the first state (a) and the second state (c) , until the LiDAR cleaning system 2200 is deactivated.
[0556] In the first state (a) , the wiper 2210 can be located at the first end 2286 of the edge 2284. When driven by the driver system that includes the rod assembly 2230, the LiDAR cleaning system 2200 can move past the intermediate state (b) , and arrive at the second state (c) . In the intermediate state (b) , the wiper 2210 can be located on the edge 2284 at a point between the first end 2286 and the second end 2287, and the length of first rod 2232 is smaller than its length in the first state (a) . In the second state (c) , the wiper 2210 can be located on the second end 2287 of the edge 2284, and the length of the first rod 2232 is the smallest during the movement between the first state (a) and the second state (c) .
[0557] In some implementations, the driver system includes an actuator that is configured to change the length of the first rod 2232 between the edge 2284 and the connection joint 2240. As the first rod 2232 shortens (e.g., from (a) to (b) to (c) ) in its length, the first rod 2232 retracts below an exterior surface (e.g., the exterior surface 1682) of the cover, and the second rod 2234 moves along the edge 2284 from the first end 2286 to the second end 2287. As the first rod 2232 extends (e.g., from (c) to (b) to (a) ) in its length, the second rod 2234 moves along the edge 2284 from the second end 2287 to the first end 2286. In this way, the driver system moves the wiper 2210 across the exterior surface of the cover.
[0558] FIG. 22 does not show a spring (e.g., the spring 1860 of FIG. 18) , it would be understood that in other implementations, the spring may also be provided in the rod assembly 2230. The driver system of the LiDAR cleaning system 2200 can include a second rod assembly mounted on another side (e.g., the second opposite side 1594) of the LiDAR sensor. The second rod assembly can have a same or similar configurations as the rod assembly 2230. Fifth Embodiment
[0559] FIG. 23 is a side view of an example LiDAR cleaning system 2300. The side view is projected from above a first opposite side 2392 of a LiDAR sensor 2390 coupled to the LiDAR cleaning system 2300. Other than a driver system that includes at least one rod assembly 2330, the LiDAR cleaning system 2300 can have the same configuration as the LiDAR cleaning system 1500 in FIGS. 15-16.
[0560] As shown in FIG. 23, the rod assembly 2330 can include a rod 2332. The rod 2332 is coupled to a rod joint 2338 fixed on the first opposite side 2392 at one end, and is coupled to a wiper 2310 at the other end. The rod 2332 is rotatable around the rod joint 2338. The rod 2332 cam be same as, or similar to, the first rod 1532 of FIGS. 15-16. The rod 2332 can be a telescopic rod, where a length of the rod 2332 can be changed during a motion of the rod assembly 2330.
[0561] When the LiDAR cleaning system 2300 is activated, the driver system drives the wiper 2310 to move along the edge 2384 of the cover, from a first state (a) , to an intermediate state (b) , and then to a second state (c) , and / or backwards from the second state (c) , the intermediate state (b) , and then to the first state (a) . In some implementations, when activated, the LiDAR cleaning system 2300 is in a reciprocating motion between the first state (a) and the second state (c) , until the LiDAR cleaning system 2300 is deactivated.
[0562] In the first state (a) , the wiper 2310 can be located at the first end 2386 of the edge 2384. When driven by the driver system including the rod assembly 2330, the LiDAR cleaning system 2300 can move past the intermediate state (b) , and arrive at the second state (c) . In the intermediate state (b) , the wiper 2310 can be located on the edge 2384 at a point between the first end 2386 and the second end 2387, and the length of rod 2332 can be different from its length in the first state (a) . In the second state (c) , the wiper 2310 can be located on the second end 2387. In some implementations, when the exterior surface of the cover is spherical and the rod joint 2338 is on the center of the sphere, the length of the rod 2332 may not vary.
[0563] In some implementations, the driver system includes a first actuator configured to rotate the rod 2332 around the rod joint 2338. As the rod 2332 rotates around the rod joint 2338 from (a) to (b) to (c) , the rod 2332 changes its length between the wiper 2310 and the rod joint 2338 accordingly, because the end of the rod 2332 coupled to the wiper 2110 is movable only along the edge 2384. In the meantime, the wiper 2310 moves from the first end 2386 to the second end 2387 of the edge 2384. As the rod 2332 rotates around the rod joint 2338 from (c) to (b) to (a) , the rod 2332 changes its length between the wiper 2310 and the rod joint 2338 accordingly, because the end of the rod 2332 coupled to the wiper 2110 is movable only along the edge 2384. In the meantime, the wiper 2310 moves from the second end 2387 to the first end 2386 of the edge 2384. In such a way, the driver system moves the wiper 2310 across the exterior surface of the cover.
[0564] In some implementations, as noted above, the rod 2332 is a telescopic rod, and a length of the rod 2332 can freely change during the rotation of the rod 2332 around the rod joint 2338, e.g., the first part can move (or slide) in or out of an inner of the second part, while an end of the wiper 2310 can be restrained to move in at a guide rail on the edge 2384 of the cover. In some implementations, the driver system includes a second actuator configured to change the length of the rod 2332 between the wiper 2310 and the connection joint 2340. As the rod 2332 changes its length, the rod 2332 rotates around the rod joint 2338 accordingly, because the end of the rod 2332 coupled to the wiper 2110 is movable only along the edge 2384. In the meantime, the wiper 2310 is driven to move between the first end 2386 and the second end 2387 of the edge 2384. In this way, the driver system moves the wiper 2310 across the exterior surface of the cover.
[0565] FIG. 23 does not show a spring (e.g., the spring 1860 of FIG. 18 or 1960 of FIG. 19) , it would be understood that in other implementations, the spring may also be provided in the rod assembly 2330. The driver system of the LiDAR cleaning system 2300 can include a second rod assembly mounted on another side (e.g., the second opposite side 1594) of the LiDAR sensor. The second rod assembly can have a same or similar configurations as the rod assembly 2330. Sixth Embodiment
[0566] FIG. 24 is a side view of example LiDAR cleaning system 2400 coupled to a channel 2470 mounted on a side 2492 of a LiDAR sensor 2490. In some implementations, the channel 2470 extends along the direction of an edge 2484 of a cover of the LiDAR sensor 2490. The LiDAR cleaning system 2400 can include a wiper 2410 and a driver system. The wiper 2410 is moveable only along an edge 2484 of the cover. The driver system can include a rod assembly 2430 that can include a rod 2432. The rod 2432 is coupled to the wiper 2410 at one end, and is coupled to a joint 2438 (e.g., a sliding block) on the other end. The joint 2438 is movable in the channel 2470 between a first end 2472 and a second end 2474 of the channel 2470. The rod 2432 can be a telescopic rod (e.g., the first rod 1532 of FIGS. 15-16) , where the length of the rod 2432 can be changed during a motion of the rod assembly 2430.
[0567] When the LiDAR cleaning system 2400 is activated, the driver system drives the wiper 2410 to move along the edge 2484 of the cover, from a first state (a) , to an intermediate state (b) , and then to a second state (c) , and / or backwards from the second state (c) , the intermediate state (b) , and then to the first state (a) . In some implementations, when activated, the LiDAR cleaning system 2400 is in a reciprocating motion between the first state (a) and the second state (c) , until the LiDAR cleaning system 2400 is deactivated.
[0568] In the first state (a) , the wiper 2410 is located at the first end 2486 of the edge 2484, and the joint 2438 is located at the first end 2472 of the channel 2470. When driven by the driver system that includes the rod assembly 2430, the LiDAR cleaning system 2400 can move past the intermediate state (b) , and arrive at the second state (c) . In the intermediate state (b) , the wiper 2410 is on the edge 2484 at a point between the first end 2486 and the second end 2487, and the joint 2438 is in the channel 2470 at a point between the first end 2472 and the second end 2474. In the second state (c) , the wiper 2410 can be located on the second end 2487 of the edge 2484, and the joint 2438 is located at the second end 2474 of the channel 2470.
[0569] In some implementations, the driver system includes an actuator configured to drive the rod 2432 along the channel 2470. As the end of the rod 2432 coupled to the joint 2438 moves along the channel 2470, the other end of the rod 2432 coupled to the wiper 2410 moves along the edge 2484, and the length of the rod 2432 can change between the joint 2438 and the wiper 2410. In such a way, the driver system moves the wiper 2410 across the exterior surface of the cover. In some implementations, the driver system includes a vertical spring extendable along the channel 2470, and the vertical spring can provide a spring force to move the rod 2432 along the channel 2470, e.g., retract the rod 2432.
[0570] In some implementations, e.g., as shown in FIG. 25, a channel 2570 is configured to extend substantially same as a contour of an edge 2584 of a cover of a LiDAR sensor 2590, such that a distance between the channel 2570 and the edge 2584 along the direction of an edge 2596 of the side 2592 is equal everywhere. A rod 2532 is coupled between a wiper 2510 and a joint 2548 movable in the channel 2570. When the rod 2532 moves along the channel 2570, the length of the rod 2532 between the wiper 2510 and the joint 2548 remain unchanged. In some implementations, the rod 2532 is a rigid rod, and the length of the rod 2532 does not change during the motion of the rod assembly 2530.
[0571] The driver system of the LiDAR cleaning systems 2400, 2500 can respectively include a second rod assembly mounted on another side (e.g., the second opposite side 1594) of the LiDAR sensor. The second rod assembly can have a same or similar configuration as the rod assembly 2430, 2530. Seventh Embodiment
[0572] FIG. 26 is a side view of an example LiDAR cleaning system 2600, e.g., projected from above a side 2692 of a LiDAR sensor 2690 coupled to the LiDAR cleaning system 2600. Other than a driver system that includes at least one rotation assembly 2630, the LiDAR cleaning system 2600 can have a same configuration as the LiDAR cleaning system 1500 in FIGS. 15-16.
[0573] As shown in FIG. 26, the LiDAR cleaning system 2600 includes a wiper 2610 and a driver system. The driver system can include a rotation assembly 2630 and a driving belt 2620. In some implementations, the rotation assembly 2630 includes a primary roller 2632 and two secondary rollers 2634, 2636. The primary roller 2632 is mounted on a side 2692 of the LiDAR sensor 2690, and the two secondary rollers 2634, 2636 are respectively mounted on two ends 2686, 2687 of an edge 2684 of a cover of the LiDAR sensor 2690. The driving belt 2620 is coupled to the wiper 2610 and is movable on the rotation assembly 2630. In some implementations, any one or more of the rollers 2632, 2634, 2636 can be used as the driving roller, and the rest of the rollers can be driven rollers. In some implementations, a rotation of the primary roller 2632 (as a driving roller) drives the movement of the driving belt 2620, and in turn drives the rotation of the secondary rollers 2634, 2636 (as driven rollers) .
[0574] When the LiDAR cleaning system 2600 is activated, the driver system drives the wiper 2610 to move along the edge 2684 of the cover, from a first state (a) to an intermediate state (b) and then to a second state (c) , and / or backwards from the second state (c) to the intermediate state (b) and then to the first state (a) . In some implementations, when activated, the LiDAR cleaning system 2600 is in a reciprocating motion between the first state (a) and the second state (c) , until the LiDAR cleaning system 2600 is deactivated.
[0575] In the first state (a) , the wiper 2610 can be located at the first end 2686 of the edge 2684. When driven by the driver system, the wiper 2610 can move along with the driving belt 2620 past the intermediate state (b) , and arrive at the second state (c) . In the intermediate state (b) , the wiper 2610 can be located on the edge 2684 at a point between the first end 2686 and the second end 2687. In the second state (c) , the wiper 2610 can be located on the second end 2687.
[0576] In some implementations, the driver system includes an electric motor configured to rotate the primary roller 2632 both clockwise and anti-clockwise. As the primary roller 2632 rotates anti-clockwise from (a) to (b) to (c) , the driving belt 2620 moves on the rotation assembly 2630 to move the wiper 2610 from the first end 2686 to the second end 2687. As the primary roller 2632 rotates clockwise from (c) to (b) to (a) , the driving belt 2620 moves on the rotation assembly 2630 to move the wiper 2610 from the second end 2687 to the first end 2686. In such a way, the driver system moves the wiper 2410 across an exterior surface of the cover. In some implementations, an electric motor is configured to drive the primary roller 2632 to rotate within a certain range, such that the driving belt 2620 is movable within a certain distance. For example, a maximum distance that the driving belt 2620 can move in one direction is a length less than or equal to the length of the edge 2674, such that the wiper 2610 only moves between the first end 2686 and the second end 2687 of the edge 2684.
[0577] The driver system of the LiDAR cleaning system 2600 can include a second rod assembly mounted on another side (e.g., the second opposite side 1594) of the LiDAR sensor 2690. The second rod assembly can have a same or similar configurations as the rod assembly 2630. Third Type of LiDAR Cleaning Systems
[0578] FIGS. 27A-31C illustrate different implementations of a third type of LiDAR cleaning systems. In some implementations, a LiDAR cleaning system includes a wiper, a fluidic system, and a driver system. The wiper can be in touch with an exterior surface of a LiDAR sensor. The LiDAR sensor can have a cover that has the exterior surface. The fluidic system can include a fluidic nozzle configured to dispense a fluid to the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor while the wiper is wiping or scraping the exterior surface. The driver system can linearly move the fluidic nozzle between one or more predetermined positions, e.g., a standby position and a working position. In some examples, the fluidic nozzle is above or beyond the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor while it is activated, while the fluidic nozzle is below the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor while it is an inactive state or a standby state.
[0579] As discussed with further details below, the LiDAR cleaning system can be, e.g., a LiDAR cleaning system 2700 of FIGS. 27A-28C, a LiDAR cleaning system 2900 of FIGS. 29A-29C, a LiDAR cleaning system 3000 of FIGS. 30A-30B, or a LiDAR cleaning system 3100 of FIGS. 31A-31C. The wiper can be, e.g., a wiper 2718 of FIGS. 27A-28C, a wiper 2950 of FIGS. 29A-29C, a wiper 3002 of FIGS. 30A-30B, or a wiper 3102 of FIGS. 31A-31C. The fluidic system can be, e.g., a fluidic system 2770 of FIGS. 27A-28C, or a fluidic system 2910 of FIGS. 29A-30B. The driver system can be, e.g., a first driver assembly 2730 or a driver system 2780 of FIGS. 27A-28C, a first driver system 2920 of FIGS. 29A-29C, or a first driver system 3030 of FIGS. 30A-30B. The exterior surface can be, e.g., an exterior surface 2752 of FIGS. 27A-31C. The LiDAR sensor can be, e.g., a LiDAR sensor 2750 of FIGS. 27A-31C. The fluidic nozzle can be, e.g., a fluidic nozzle 2720 of FIGS. 27A-28C, or a fluidic nozzle 2912 of FIGS. 29A-30B. The standby position can be, e.g., a standby position 2802 of FIGS. 27A-28C, or a standby position 2946 of fluidic nozzle of FIG. 29B diagram (d) . The working position can be, e.g., a projection position 2804 of FIGS. 27A-28C, or working position 2945 of fluidic nozzle of FIG. 29B diagrams (a) - (c) , or the working position 3045 of fluidic nozzle of FIG. 30B diagrams (a) - (c) . In some implementations, the exterior surface 2752 of the LiDAR sensor 2750 is at least partially transparent.
[0580] Although the implementations described below show the fluidic system and / or the driver system are arranged on one side of the LiDAR sensor 2750 (see FIGS. 27A-31C) , it is understood that both the fluidic system and / or the driver system can be arranged on an opposite side or a neighboring side (e.g., an upper side or a lower side) of the LiDAR sensor 2750. Alternatively, the fluidic system can be arranged on one side of the LiDAR sensor 2750 while the driver system can be arranged on the opposite side. In some implementations, the LiDAR cleaning system, e.g., 2700, 2900, 3000, 3100 of FIGS. 27A-31C, can have two fluidic systems and / or two driver systems arranged in a mirror-symmetric manner such that each side of the LiDAR sensor 2750 has a fluidic system and / or a driver system. Although the implementations described below show only one wiper is used in the LiDAR cleaning system (see FIGS. 27A-31C) , it is further understood that, in some implementations, the LiDAR cleaning system can have two or more wipers. First Embodiment
[0581] FIGS. 27A-27D illustrates schematic diagrams of an example LiDAR cleaning system 2700. Specifically, FIG. 27A is a schematic, exploded view of a LiDAR cleaning system 2700. FIG. 27B illustrates electric wiring of the LiDAR cleaning system 2700. FIG. 27C illustrates an integration of a fluidic system 2770 and a wiper 2718 of the LiDAR cleaning system 2700. FIG. 27D illustrates at least part of a driver system 2780 of the LiDAR cleaning system 2700.
[0582] In some implementations, e.g., as illustrated in FIGS. 27A, 27C, the fluidic system 2770 includes a fluidic conduit 2728 and at least one fluidic nozzle 2720. In some implementations, e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 2A, the driver system 2780 includes a first driver assembly 2730, a second driver assembly 2782, and a telescopic cylinder 2726. In some implementations, e.g., as illustrated in FIGS. 27A and 27C, the second driver assembly 2782, the telescopic cylinder 2726, the wiper 2718, and at least one fluidic nozzle 2720 are assembled into a compact cleaning and clearing module (CCM) 2818.
[0583] In some implementations, as illustrated in diagram (b) of FIG. 27A, the first driver assembly 2730 includes a first electric motor 2702, a first rotation shaft 2704 coupled to the first electric motor 2702, one or more CCM tracks 2705, a coupler 2703, and a base 2706 coupled to the first rotation shaft 2704, where the second driver assembly 2782 is mounted on the base 2706 that can be fixed on the coupler 2703. The first rotation shaft 2704 is coupled to a first side of the coupler 2703 along a first axis and a first CCM track 2705 is coupled to a second side of the coupler 2703 along a second axis. There can be a second CCM track coupled to the second side of the coupler 2703 along a third axis. The first axis can be between the second axis and the third axis such that the coupler 2703 is balanced by the two CCM tracks to maintain a balance of the base 2706. The first rotation shaft 2704, the CCM track 2705, and the coupler 2703 can be configured to move the base 2706 back and forth along the first axis, the second axis, or the third axis. In some implementations, an electric wire 2707 (e.g., for connecting a second electric motor 2708 to a control circuit board (CCB) 2742) is wrapped around the second CCM track. There can be no coupling between the coupler 2703 and the second CCM track. For example, the coupler 2703 can include an inner channel for the second CCM track with the electric wire 2707 to move without obstruction.
[0584] The first electric motor 2702 can be configured to rotate the first rotation shaft 2704 (or to directly drive the shaft 2704 to move forward or backward) and then the first CCM track 2705 to move the base 2706 along an axial direction of the first rotation shaft 2704. For example, the first rotation shaft 2704 can have a lead screw, and the coupler 2703 can have a corresponding inner channel with matching threads with threads on the lead screw. The first CCM track 2705 can have a screw rod with threads matching with those of an inner channel of the coupler 2703. In such a way, when the first rotation shaft 2704 rotates around a central axis of the first rotation shaft 2704, the coupler 2703 is linearly moved forward or backward on the first CCM track 2705 through the matched threads.
[0585] In some implementations, the base 2706 can be coupled to the first rotation shaft 2704, e.g., by one or more screw nuts. Threads on an inner surface of a screw nut engages with matching threads on a lead screw in a manner that the screw nut is movable forward and / or backward along the axial direction of the lead screw when the lead screw is rotated by the first electric motor 2702. The base 2706 can be mounted on an exterior surface of the screw nut. Consequently, the base 2706 is movable along with the screw nut, so is the second driver assembly 2782 mounted on the base 2706 (e.g., as illustrated in diagram (b) of FIG. 28A) . In some implementations, the lead screw can include, but not limited to, ball screw, acme screw, square thread screw, buttress screw, rounded thread screw, multi-start screw, precision thread screw, micro-thread screw, self-locking screw, non-rotating screw, etc. In some implementations, the coupling method, used to connect the screw nut and the base 2706, or connect the lead screw and the first electric motor 2702, includes, but not limited to, welding, riveting, adhesive bonding, snap-fit connections, press-fits, clamping or fasteners, keyways and keyed shafts, magnetic connections, tongue and groove connections, threaded insets, soldering, gluing, or quick-release couplings, etc.
[0586] In some implementations, the second driver assembly 2782 includes a series of extension components coupled with one another. The series of extension components can form a telescopic cylinder (or telescopic rod) 2726. For example, e.g., as illustrated in FIGS. 27A, 27D, the telescopic cylinder 2726 includes three extension components, e.g., a first extension component 2712 (e.g., a first propulsion rod) , a second extension component 2714 (e.g., a second propulsion rod) , and a third extension component 2716 (e.g., a third propulsion rod) . Each component can be a hallow cylinder with differing diameters. The first extension component 2712 can have the largest diameter while the third extension component 2716 can have the smallest diameter among these three components.
[0587] The telescopic cylinder 2726 can have two states: a folded state and an unfolded state. Diagram (b) of FIG. 28A illustrates the folded state of the telescopic cylinder 2726 when the LiDAR cleaning system 2700 is inactive. In its folded state, both the third extension component 2716 and second extension component 2714 can be nested at least partially inside the first extension component 2712, while the third extension component 2716 is nested at least partially inside the second extension component 2714. Diagram (b) of FIG. 28C and FIG. 27D illustrate the unfolded state of the telescopic cylinder 2726 when the LiDAR cleaning system 2700 is active or in a working mode. In its unfolded state, both the second extension component 2714 and third extension component 2716 are extended out of the first extension component 2712 and thus the total length of the telescopic cylinder 2726 along the axial direction in its unfolded state is larger than that of its folded state.
[0588] In some implementations, the telescopic cylinder 2726 can be operated using a gear system, as shown in diagram (b) of FIG. 27D and FIG. 27A. In a gear-based telescopic cylinder 2726, each component has a set of gears or racks attached to it, e.g., a first gear system 2762, a second gear system 2764 and a third gear system 2766. These gears are designed to engage or interlock with one another. As part of first gear system 2762, a second rotation shaft 2710 can have external threads. When the second driver assembly 2782 drives to extend the telescopic cylinder 2726, the second rotation shaft 2710 is first rotated and as it turns, it causes the first gear system 2762 interlock and engage with the second gear system 2764, driving the second extension component 2714 to move outward. As the second extension component 2714 moves outward, the second gear system 2764 further engages with the third gear system 2766 to extend the third extension component 2716 outward. To retract the telescopic cylinder 2726, the second driver assembly 2782 can reverse the rotation of the second rotation shaft 2710. This disengages the gears, allowing the components to retract as the second rotation shaft 2710 rotates in the opposite direction. In some implementations, the telescopic cylinder 2726 utilizes, but not limited to, a combination of a motor and a lead screw, linkage mechanism, air cylinder, or hydraulic cylinder.
[0589] In some implementations, the second driver assembly 2782 is configured to gradually extend the series of extension components of the telescopic cylinder 2726, along the axial direction of the telescopic cylinder 2726, such that a total extension length of the series of extension components is no shorter than a length of the exterior surface 2752 of the LiDAR sensor 2750 along the axial direction of the telescopic cylinder 2726. For example, referring to diagram (a) of FIG. 28C, which illustrates a working or active state of the LiDAR cleaning system 2700, the length of the exterior surface 2752 of the LiDAR sensor 2750 along the axial direction of the telescopic cylinder 2726 can be the LiDAR length 2732, while the total extension length of the series of extension components can be the length 2734 of telescopic cylinder 2726. The second driver assembly 2782 can be configured in a manner that the length 2734 of telescopic cylinder 2726 is equal to or longer than the LiDAR length 2732 to have a good coverage of the LiDAR surface by the wiper 2718 during a cleaning process.
[0590] In some implementations, the first driver assembly 2730 is configured to move the second driver assembly 2782 between a first position and a second position along a first direction. For example, the first position can be a projection position 2804 when the LiDAR cleaning system is in an intermediate state 2794 or working state 2796 (see FIGS. 28B-28C) , while the second position can be a standby position 2802 when the LiDAR cleaning system 2700 is inactive or in a standby state 2792 (see FIG. 28A) . The first direction can be the axial direction of the first rotation shaft 2704, e.g., the X axis in diagram (b) of FIG. 28C. The first driver assembly 2730 can drive the second driver assembly 2782 to move from one position to another, that is, from the standby position 2802 to the projection position 2804, and / or from the projection position 2804 to the standby position 2802. After the second driver assembly 2782 is moved to the first position, e.g., the projection position 2804, the fluidic nozzle 2720 and / or the wiper 2718 are moved across the exterior surface 2752 of the LiDAR sensor 2750 along the axial direction of a telescopic cylinder 2726, e.g., the Y axis in diagram (b) of FIG. 28C, where the Y axis is perpendicular to the X axis.
[0591] In some implementations, as illustrated in FIG. 27C, the wiper 2718 and the fluidic nozzle 2720 are arranged together on the second driver assembly 2782 by coupling to an end of the series of extension components (see FIGS. 27C and 27D) . The driver system 2780 is configured to move the wiper 2718 and the fluidic nozzle 2720 together. For example, as noted above, the second driver assembly 2782 can gradually extend the series of extension components, e.g., the telescopic cylinder 2726, along the axial direction of the telescopic cylinder 2726. During this process, both the wiper 2718 and the fluidic nozzle 2720 are moved linearly together with the third extension component 2716 (see FIG. 28C) .
[0592] In some implementations, as illustrated in FIG. 27C, the fluidic nozzle 2720 includes a nozzle body 2812 and one or more openings 2814, where the wiper 2718 is mounted on the nozzle body 2812, and one or more openings 2814 are distributed on the nozzle body 2812. The liquid is dispensed from these openings 2814 during a cleaning process.
[0593] In some implementations, as illustrated in FIG. 27C, the fluidic nozzle 2720 includes an inlet 2816 and one or more openings 2814 as outlets of the fluidic nozzle 2720. As illustrated in FIG. 27A and diagram (b) of FIG. 28C, the fluidic conduit 2728 has two ends. The first end is coupled to the inlet 2816 of the fluidic nozzle 2720 to dispense liquid to the exterior surface 2752 of the LiDAR sensor 2750, while the second end can be connected to a liquid supply. The liquid flows from the liquid supply to the fluidic nozzle 2720 through the fluidic conduit 2728. In some implementations, the fluidic conduit 2728 can have a “L” shape (see diagram (b) of FIG. 28C) or a shape (see diagram (b) of FIG. 27A) . The fluidic conduit 2728 can include a flexible material such that its shape can change between a standby state 2792 and a working state 2796 of the LiDAR cleaning system 2700. The flexible material can be a plastic material or a rubber material.
[0594] In some implementations, the LiDAR cleaning system 2700 further includes a controller coupled to the first driver assembly 2730 and the second driver assembly 2782. For example, the controller can include a control circuitry such as CCB 2742. In some implementations, the controller can control the first driver assembly 2730 to move the second driver assembly 2782 from the standby position 2802 (see FIG. 28A) to a projection position 2804 (see FIGS. 28B and 28C) . The controller can also control the second driver assembly 2782 to cause the wiper 2718 to perform a reciprocating motion across the exterior surface 2752 of the LiDAR sensor 2750 to clean the surface, while controlling the fluidic nozzle 2720 to dispense the liquid onto the exterior surface 2752 of the LiDAR sensor 2750. For example, the reciprocating motion of the wiper 2718 can be a linear motion along Y axis as illustrated in diagram (b) of FIG. 28C. When the wiper 2718 performs such reciprocating motion, the wiper 2717 wipes and cleans the exterior surface 2752 of the LiDAR sensor 2750.
[0595] In some implementations, the LiDAR cleaning system 2700 further include a second driver system coupled to the wiper 2718 and configured to control the wiper 2718 to move across the exterior surface 2752 of the LiDAR sensor 2750. In other words, the wiper 2718 can be driven by a different system than the second driver assembly 2782. As such, the first driver system 2780 controls the first driver assembly 2730 and the second driver assembly 2782, while the second driver system controls the movement of the wiper 2718. In some implementations, the second driver system is configured to control the wiper 2718 independently from the driver system controlling the fluidic nozzle 2720.
[0596] In some implementations, as illustrated in FIG. 27A, the LiDAR cleaning system 2700, including the wiper 2718, the fluidic system 2770, and the driver system 2780, are assembled inside a compact space enclosed by a top shell 2736, a front cover 2738 and a bottom shell 2742. The LiDAR cleaning system 2700 can be nested at one lateral side of the LiDAR sensor 2750 in its standby state (e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 28A) . In some implementations, the LiDAR cleaning system 2700 includes a connector 2744 to communicate with an external system (e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 27A) . The connector 2744 can be also a power connector.
[0597] In some implementations, a tank chain 2832 is utilized for electric wiring in the LiDAR cleaning system 2700, e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 27B. The tank chain 2832 can be also used for a fluidic conduit. Using the tank chain 2832 for electric wiring involves incorporating flexible tracks. The flexible design of the tank chain 2832 allows for easy routing of electrical wires along complex paths. This flexibility can be valuable in applications where wires need to follow the movement of system components.
[0598] In some implementations, the LiDAR cleaning system 2700 includes a controller which can receive a detection signal indicating a condition of the exterior surface 2752 of the LiDAR sensor 2750, e.g., from a LiDAR detection system such as 306 of FIG. 3. If the detection signal indicates a cleaning process is needed, the controller controls the first driver assembly 2730 and the second driver assembly 2782 to move the wiper 2718 across the exterior surface 2752 of the LiDAR sensor 2750 and the fluidic system 2770 to dispense the liquid onto the exterior surface 2752 of the LiDAR sensor 2750.
[0599] FIGS. 28A-28C illustrate schematic diagrams of various stages of a cleaning process carried out by the LiDAR cleaning system 2700 as an example.
[0600] FIG. 28A illustrates a standby state (an inactive state) 2792 of the LiDAR cleaning system 2700. In this state, the telescopic cylinder 2726 is in its folded state where different components are nested inside each other, and the telescopic cylinder 2726 is located below the exterior surface 2752 of the LiDAR sensor 2750 together with the wiper 2718 and the fluidic nozzle 2720 (see diagram (b) of FIG. 28A) .
[0601] FIG. 28B illustrates an intermediate state 2794, where the first driver assembly 2730 moves the cleaning and clear module (CCM) 2818 from the standby position 2802 to the projection position 2804. As noted above, the CCM 2818 can include the second driver assembly 2782, the telescopic cylinder 2726, the wiper 2718, and one or more fluidic nozzles 2720. At this intermediate state 2794, the telescopic cylinder 2726 is still in its folded state, which is not extended outward yet along the axial direction of the telescopic cylinder 2726.
[0602] FIG. 28C illustrates a working state 2796. After the second driver assembly 2782 is moved to another projection position 2804, it drives to gradually extend and / or retract the series of extension components, e.g., telescopic cylinder 2726, along the axial direction of the telescopic cylinder 2726, e.g., the Y axis in FIG. 28C diagram (b) . The wiper 2718 and the fluidic nozzle 2720 perform a reciprocating motion together with the third extension component 2716 (see FIGS. 27C-27D) across the exterior surface 2752 of the LiDAR sensor 2750 for cleaning. During this reciprocating motion, the fluidic nozzle 2720 dispenses the liquid onto the exterior surface 2752. The reciprocating motion can be driven by the second driver assembly 2782 through extending or retracting different extension components of the telescopic cylinder 2726. FIG. 28C diagram (c) illustrates a middle position of the wiper 2718 during its reciprocating motion. Second Embodiment
[0603] FIGS. 29A-29C illustrates schematic diagrams of an example LiDAR cleaning system 2900, where FIG. 29A shows a schematic, exploded view of the LiDAR cleaning system 2900, FIG. 29B illustrates example states of the LiDAR cleaning system 2900, and FIG. 29C illustrates example wiper configurations.
[0604] In the LiDAR cleaning system 2900, the fluidic nozzle 2912 is moveable between one or more predetermined positions, e.g., a working position 2945 (see FIG. 29B diagrams (a) - (c) ) and a standby position 2946 (see FIG. 29B diagram (d) ) . When the LiDAR cleaning system 2900 is activated, a first driver system 2920 drives the fluidic nozzle 2912 to move from its standby position to its working position such that the fluidic nozzle 2912 can dispense liquid onto the exterior surface 2752 of the LiDAR sensor 2750 during a cleaning process. In some implementations, the fluidic system 2910 includes a fluidic nozzle 2912, one or more nozzle bases 2914a, 2914b which are mounted on an inner surface of a housing 2938, and a valve 2942 connected to an external water supply, where the nozzle bases 2914a, 2914b and the valve 2942 are not movable with respective to the housing 2938.
[0605] In some implementations, the LiDAR cleaning system 2900 includes a second driver system 2930 coupled to the wiper 2950 and used to control the wiper 2950 to move across the exterior surface 2752 of the LiDAR sensor 2750. In some implementations, the second driver system 2930 can be mounted on an inner surface of the housing 2938 (see FIG. 29B) . As such, the second driver system 2930 is not movable with respective to the housing 2938 and stays below the exterior surface 2752 of the LiDAR sensor 2750. In some implementations, the wiper 2950 stays adjacent to the bottom edge 2924 when the LiDAR cleaning system 2900 is inactive, as illustrated in diagram (d) of FIG. 29B.
[0606] In some implementations, the wiper 2950 includes a wiper body 2952 and a wiper arm 2954 having a first end coupled to the wiper body 2952 and a second end coupled to the second driver system 2930. The first driver system 2920 and / or the second driver system 2930 can be coupled to a controller (e.g., the controller 510 of FIG. 5) through a connector 2923. As illustrated in FIG. 29B, the wiper arm 2954 has a first end connected to a point (e.g., a middle point) of the wiper body 2952 and a second end connected to the second driver system 2930. The second driver system 2930 is configured to control a reciprocating rotating motion of the wiper arm 2954. In some implementations, the wiper arm 2954 is connected to the wiper body 2952 by a bearing and / or a spring such that a relative angle between the wiper arm 2954 and the wiper body 2952 changes during a cleaning process. In some implementations, the wiper arm 2954 has an L shape, and the wiper body 2952 has a linear shape (see FIGS. 29A-29B) , which can avoid the wiper 2950 obstructing the field of view of the LiDAR while the wiper 2950 is inactive.
[0607] In some implementations, the second driver system 2930 rotates the wiper arm 2954 within an angle range to drive the wiper body 2952 across the exterior surface 2752 from a first edge of an area of the exterior surface 2752 to a second edge of the area of the exterior surface 2752. For example, referring to FIG. 29B, the exterior surface 2752 has a top edge 2922 and a bottom edge 2924 extending along Y axis. The second driver system 2930 drives the wiper arm 2954 to perform a reciprocating rotating motion around X axis within an angle range, e.g., between θ1 and θ2.θ1 is the angular position of the wiper arm 2954 relative to the Z axis when the wiper body 2952 reaches the bottom edge 2924 of the exterior surface 2752 of the LiDAR sensor 2750 (see diagram (a) of FIG. 29B) , while θ2 is the angular position of the wiper arm 2954 relative to the Z axis when the wiper body 2952 reaches the top edge 2922 of the exterior surface 2752 of the LiDAR sensor 2750 (see diagram (c) of FIG. 29B) . In other words, the wiper arm 2954 rotates about the X axis back-and-forth between θ1 and θ2 to drive the wiper body 2952 moves up-and-down along the Z axis during the cleaning process. Although not shown in FIG. 29B, it is understood that the wiper body 2952 may not remain parallel to the top edge 2922 or the bottom edge 2924 of the exterior surface 2752 during the cleaning process.
[0608] In some implementations, a length of the wiper body 2952 along a second direction is greater than a width of an area of the exterior surface 2752 of the LiDAR sensor 2750 along the second direction. Referring to FIG. 29B, the second direction can be the Y axis. The Y-dimension of wiper body 2952 can be longer than the top edge 2922 and / or the bottom edge 2924 of the exterior surface 2752 such that the wiper body 2952 extends across the left edge 2926 and / or the right edge 2928 of the exterior surface 2752 of the LiDAR sensor 2750. Longer wiper body 2952 may increase the cleaning efficiency by covering bigger area of the exterior surface 2752.
[0609] In some implementations, the area of the exterior surface 2752 has a height along a third direction different from (e.g., perpendicular to) the second direction, and the height is smaller than the width. For example, returning to FIG. 29B, the second direction can be the Y axis and the third direction can be the Z axis. The area of the exterior surface 2752 has a height along Z axis, e.g., the length of the left edge 2926 and / or the right edge 2928, and such height is smaller than the length of the top edge 2922 and / or the bottom edge 2924 along Y axis. In other words, the area of the exterior surface 2752 can have a rectangular shape with its Y dimension bigger than its Z dimension. Consequently, the wiper body 2952 has a traveling distance along the Z axis, as it crosses the exterior surface 2752 in a single pass, and the traveling distance can be less than that in the LiDAR cleaning system 2700 where the wiper 2718 moves along the Y-axis for a single pass (e.g., as illustrated in FIG. 28C) . Shorter travelling distance in a single movement pass can increase the cleaning efficiency of a LiDAR cleaning system.
[0610] In some implementations, the LiDAR sensor 2750 has at least one stop 2906 adjacent to the top edge 2922 and / or the bottom edge 2924. For example, diagram (b) of FIG. 29C illustrates two stops 2906 adjacent to the top edge 2922 and two stops 2906 adjacent to the bottom edge 2924. The stops 2906 can be used to restrain the movement of the wiper body 2952 when the wiper body 2952 is pushed against the stops 2906. In some implementations, the stops 2906 include a same material as the housing 2938. In some implementations, the stops 2906 are distributed adjacent to middle points of the top edge 2922 and / or the bottom edge 2924.
[0611] In some implementations, the wiper body 2952 has an arc shape and / or a taper end. For example, as illustrated in diagram (a) of FIG. 29C, which shows a top view of the LiDAR sensor 2750 and the wiper body 2952 in X-Y plane, if the exterior surface 2752 of the LiDAR sensor 2750 has a curved surface, the wiper body 2952 can be configured to also have an arc shape to be compatible with an external contour of the curved exterior surface 2752 of the LiDAR sensor 2750. As such, the wiper body 2952 is at least partially in contact with the curved exterior surface 2752 of the LiDAR sensor 2750 during the cleaning process. In some implementations, the taper end refers to a portion of the wiper body 2952 near its ends, e.g., the taper end 2955 in diagram (a) of FIG. 29C. In some implementations, the taper end is an additional part of the wiper body 2952, e.g., a taper end 2956 in diagram (c) of FIG. 29C, and the taper end can be movable or rotatable about its joint 2957. As illustrated in diagram (d) of FIG. 29C, which shows a side view of the LiDAR sensor 2750 and the wiper body 2952 in X-Z plane, when the wiper body 2952 wipes a curved exterior surface 2752 of a LiDAR sensor 2750, the taper end 2956 can reach a curved part that might otherwise pose a challenge for the wiper body 2952 to reach.
[0612] In some implementations, the second driver system 2930 is configured to drive the wiper arm 2954 to push the wiper body 2952 against at least one stop 2906 to move along the second direction, e.g., the Y axis in diagram (b) of FIG. 29C, such that the wiper body 2952 reaches a portion of the area adjacent to the first edge (e.g., the top edge 2922) or the second edge (e.g., the bottom edge 2924) . For example, referring to diagram (b) of FIG. 29C, when the wiper body 2952 moves upward and approaches the top edge 2922, the wiper body 2952 is pushed against one or more stops 2906 adjacent to the top edge 2922. Likewise, when the wiper 2950 moves downward and approaches the bottom edge 2924, it is pushed against one or more stops 2906 adjacent to the bottom edge 2924 of the exterior surface 2752. In some implementations, the wiper body 2952 during the cleaning process can remain parallel to the top edge 2922. Therefore, when the wiper body 2952 is in contact with one or more stops 2906 adjacent to the top edge 2922, it can no long move along positive Z axis. For example, when the wiper body 2952 is at the second position 2934 as illustrated in diagram (b) of FIG. 29C, both left and right portions of the wiper body 2952 are in contact with the stop 2906 and thus its movement along positive Z axis is restrained. In some implementations, as noted above, the wiper body 2952 during the cleaning process may not remain parallel to the top edge 2922. For example, referring to the first position 2932 of the wiper body 2952 as illustrated in diagram (b) of FIG. 29C, when one end of the wiper body 2952 contacts with one of the stops 2906, the other end of the wiper body 2952 is still some distance away from the top edge 2922. At this point, the left portion of the wiper end, e.g., the portion in the negative Y-axis direction, may not advance further upward along Z axis as it is pushed against the stop 2906. However, since the wiper body 2952 is coupled to the wiper arm 2954, the wiper arm 2954 continues to exert a force on the wiper body 2952, and the force drives a rotation motion of the wiper body 2952 to lift the right portion of the wiper body 2952 closer to the top edge 2922. In other words, during this process that the wiper body 2952 moves from the first position 2932 to the second position 2934 (see diagram (b) of FIG. 29C) , and the wiper body 2952 thus wipes and cleans the upper right area of the exterior surface 2752. In some implementations, when the wiper body 2952 moves from the first position 2932 to the second position 2934, the wiper body 2952 can slide leftward along the negative Y-axis direction such that the wiper body 2952 extends more across the left edge 2926 of the exterior surface 2752 at its second position 2934. This leftward sliding can further facilitate the cleaning of the top edge 2922 and / or upper right area of the exterior surface 2752.
[0613] In some implementations, the LiDAR cleaning system 2900 includes a controller (e.g., the controller 510 of FIG. 5) which can receive a detection signal indicating a condition of the exterior surface 2752 of the LiDAR sensor 2750, e.g., from a LiDAR detection system such as 306 of FIG. 3. The controller can include a control circuitry 2921. If the detection signal indicates a cleaning process is needed, the controller controls the second driver system 2930 to move the wiper 2950 across the exterior surface 2752 of the LiDAR sensor 2750 and the fluidic system 2910 to dispense the liquid onto the exterior surface 2752 of the LiDAR sensor 2750. Third Embodiment
[0614] FIGS. 30A-30B illustrates schematic diagrams of an example LiDAR cleaning system 3000. Specifically, diagram (b) of FIG. 30A is a schematic, exploded view of a LiDAR cleaning system 3000. The LiDAR cleaning system 3000 can be similar to the LiDAR cleaning system 2900 of FIGS. 29A-29C, except having different wiper configurations and driver assemblies.
[0615] In some implementations, the LiDAR cleaning system 3000 includes a wiper 3002, e.g., with a shape as illustrated in diagrams (b) and (c) of FIG. 30A. The wiper 3002 can include two wiper legs 3012 and one wiper body 3010. The wiper legs 3012 can be perpendicular to the wiper body 3010, and the wiper legs 3012 can be shorter than the wiper body 3010. The wiper legs 3012 are coupled to two parallel tracks 3004 in a manner that the wiper 3002 can slide or move along the tracks 3004.
[0616] In some implementations, the LiDAR cleaning system 3000 includes a fluidic system 2910 (e.g., as illustrated in FIGS. 29A-29C) that has a fluidic nozzle 2912 configured to be moveable between one or more predetermined positions, e.g., a working position 2945 and a standby position 2946 of FIG. 29B, by a first driver system 3030 that can include a motor.
[0617] In some implementations, the LiDAR cleaning system 3000 includes a second driver system 3020 coupled to the wiper 3002, and the second driver system 3020 is configured to control the wiper 3002 to move across the exterior surface 2752 of the LiDAR sensor 2750.
[0618] In some implementations, an area of the exterior surface 2752 has a width along a second direction, e.g., Y axis in FIG. 30B, and a height along a third direction, e.g., Z axis in FIG. 30B, different from (e.g., perpendicular to) the second direction. The second driver system 3020 is configured to control the wiper 3002 to move via at least one track 3004 across the exterior surface 2752 of the LiDAR sensor 2750. The tracks 3004 can extend along the second direction, e.g., Y axis in FIG. 30B, or the third direction, e.g., Z axis in FIG. 30B. For example, as illustrated in in FIG. 30B, two parallel tracks 3004 extend along the Y direction. A top track 3004 is disposed adjacent to the top edge 2922 of the exterior surface 2752 and a bottom track 3004 is disposed adjacent to the bottom edge 2924 of the exterior surface 2752. One of the wiper legs 3012 is coupled to the top track 3004 and the other wiper leg is coupled to the bottom track 3004. The wiper body 3010 is above the exterior surface 2752 along positive X direction (see FIG. 30B) and at least partially in contact with the exterior surface 2752. The second driver system 3020 is coupled to the wiper 3002 such that the second driver system 3020 can drive a reciprocating motion of the wiper 3002 along the tracks 3004. In other words, the wiper 3002 can move back-and-forth along the tracks 3004 during a cleaning process. Although not shown in FIG. 30B, it is understood that both parallel tracks 3004 can extend along the Z direction and the wiper body 3010 can be moved up-and-down along Z axis with two wiper legs 3012 coupled with the tracks 3004.
[0619] In some implementations, the width of the exterior surface 2752 is greater than its height, and the tracks 3004 extends along the width direction. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 30B diagram (a) , the exterior surface 2752 has a top edge 2922, a bottom edge 2924, a left edge 2926 and a right edge 2928, which enclose an area. The width of the exterior surface 2752 can be its Y dimension, e.g., the length of the top edge 2922 and / or the bottom edge 2924. The height of the exterior surface 2752 can be its Z dimension, e.g., the length of the left edge 2926 and / or the right edge 2928. The Y dimension of the exterior surface 2752 can be longer than the Z dimension of the exterior surface 2752 (see FIG. 30B) . In addition, at least one track can extend along Y axis and thus the wiper moves along the tracks along Y axis.
[0620] In some implementations, one of the tracks 3004 includes a screw rod with outer threads. As illustrated in diagram (b) of FIG. 30A, the second driver system 3020 includes an electric motor 3006 coupled to the screw rod through one or more transmission gears 3008, and the electric motor 3006 can rotate the screw rod to drive the wiper 3002 to move linearly along Y axis or Z axis. In other words, when the electric motor 3006 rotates, it drives a rotation of the screw rod through the transmission gears 3008. One of the wiper legs 3012 can be coupled to the screw rod by a screw nut. The threads on the inner surface of the screw nut engages with the matching threads on the screw rod in a manner that the screw nut is movable back-and-forth along the axial direction of screw rod when the screw rod is rotated. The exterior surface of screw nut is further mounted with one of wiper legs 3012. As such, the wiper can be moved back-and-forth with the screw nut along the axial direction of screw rod, e.g., Y axis in FIG. 30B. In some implementations, the bottom track 3004 can be a rigid rod with a smooth exterior surface to guide the movement of the wiper 3002. One of wiper legs 3012 fits over the bottom track 3004. The wiper leg 3012 can be moved back-and-forth along the bottom track 3004 together with the wiper body 3010, where the bottom track 3004 is used to guide the wiper 3002’s linear movement along the track 3004 to reduce wobbling or lateral movement. Although not shown, it is understood that the bottom track 3004 can be a screw rod while the top track 3004 is a rod with a smooth exterior surface, or both tracks 3004 are screw rods. In some implementations, the screw rod can include, but not limited to, ball screw, acme screw, square thread screw, buttress screw, rounded thread screw, multi-start screw, precision thread screw, micro-thread screw, self-locking screw, non-rotating screw, etc. In some implementations, the shaped wiper 3002 can be easily detached from the tracks 3004 using the coupling mechanism, including, but not limited to, a bushing and a guide bar, a lead screw and screw nut assembly, etc.
[0621] In some implementations, the wiper 3002 is moved on the tracks 3004 using any other suitable methods, including, but not limited to, a linear actuator, a rack and pinion system involving a linear gear (rack) and a rotary gear (pinion) , hydraulic cylinders, magnetic actuators, etc. In some implementations, if the exterior surface 2752 of a LiDAR sensor 2750 has a curved surface, the wiper 3002 and / or tracks 3004 can be configured to have an arc or non-straight-line shape to be compatible with the curved exterior surface 2752 such that during a cleaning process the wiper body 3010 can be at least partially in contact with the curved exterior surface 2752.
[0622] Diagrams (a) - (c) of FIG. 30B illustrate schematic diagrams of various stages in a cleaning process performed by the LiDAR cleaning system 3000 after the fluidic nozzle 2912 is moved to its working position, e.g., extended above the exterior surface 2752 of LiDAR sensor 2750. For example, diagram (a) of FIG. 30B illustrates the initial stage of the wiper 3002 when it is disposed adjacent to the right edge 2928 of the exterior surface 2752. As the second driver system 3020 drives a rotation motion of the top track 3004, e.g., a screw rod, the wiper 3002 is moved along the track 3004 in the negative Y-axis direction. Diagram (b) of FIG. 30B illustrates a stage when the wiper 3002 is moved about halfway across the exterior surface 2752 along the Y-axis. As the top track 3004 continues to rotate, the wiper 3002 is moved further along the negative Y-axis direction and reaches the left edge 2926 of the exterior surface 2752, as illustrated in FIG. 30B diagram (c) . At this point, the second driver system 3020 can reverse the rotation of the top track 3004 to move the wiper 3002 back along the positive Y-axis direction until the wiper 3002 reaches the right edge 2928 of the exterior surface 2752. This motion may repeat one or multiple times, resulting in a reciprocating motion of the wiper 3002. Such reciprocating motion of the wiper 3002 cleans the exterior surface 2752 of the LiDAR sensor 2750 until the LiDAR cleaning system 3000 is deactivated. During the cleaning process, the fluidic nozzle 2912 can dispense the fluid, e.g., water, gas, onto the exterior surface 2752 to facilitate the cleaning processing. In some implementations, the liquid can be dispensed consistently or intermittently until the cleaning process concludes. Alternatively, the liquid can be only dispensed once prior to the reciprocating movement of the wiper 3002. After the cleaning process concludes, the fluidic nozzle 2912 retracts back to its standby position, similar to the standby position as illustrated in embodiment 2 (see FIG. 29B diagram (d) ) .
[0623] In some implementations, the LiDAR cleaning system 3000 includes a controller (e.g., the controller 510 of FIG. 5) that can include a control circuit board 2921. The controller can receive a detection signal indicating a condition of the exterior surface 2752 of the LiDAR sensor 2750. If the detection signal indicates a cleaning process is needed, the controller controls the second driver system 3020 to move the wiper 3002 across the exterior surface 2752 of the LiDAR sensor 2750 and the fluidic system 2910 to dispense the liquid onto the exterior surface 2752 of the LiDAR sensor 2750. Fourth Embodiment
[0624] FIGS. 31A-31C illustrate schematic diagrams of an example LiDAR cleaning system 3100. Specifically, FIG. 31A is a schematic, front view of the example LiDAR cleaning system 3100 in Y-Z plane, FIG. 31B show a schematic, side view of the example LiDAR cleaning system 3100 in X-Z plane, and FIG. 31C show a schematic, side view of another example LiDAR cleaning system 3100 in X-Z plane. The LiDAR cleaning system 3100 can be similar to the LiDAR cleaning system 2400 of FIG. 24 or 2500 of FIG. 25.
[0625] In some implementations, although not shown, the LiDAR cleaning system 3100 includes a fluidic system (e.g., the fluidic system 2910 of FIGS. 29A-29C) and a first driver system (e.g., the first driver system 2930 of FIGS. 29A-29C) configured to control the fluidic system. The first driver system can control a fluidic nozzle 2912 to move between one or more predetermined positions (e.g., a working position 2945 and a standby position 2946 of FIG. 29B) .
[0626] In some implementations, the LiDAR cleaning system 3100 includes a second driver system 3110 coupled to the wiper 3102, and the second driver system 3110 controls the wiper 3102 to move across the exterior surface 2752 of the LiDAR sensor 2750.
[0627] In some implementations, the second driver system 3110 includes a pair of arms 3130 respectively coupled to two ends of the wiper 3102 with respective joints 3124 (see FIG. 31A) . The second driver system 3110 is configured to rotate the pair of arms 3130 to linearly move the wiper 3102 across the exterior surface 2752 of the LiDAR sensor 2750. As illustrated in diagrams (a) - (c) of FIG. 31B, the arm 3130 can be rotated by the second driver system 3110 around a joint 3112 within an angle range.
[0628] In some implementations, the LiDAR sensor 2750 includes a first side 3114 and a second opposite side, e.g., the first side 3114 in X-Z plane (see FIG. 31B) , and the exterior surface 2752 is between the first and second opposite sides, e.g., the exterior surface 2752 in Y-Z plane (see FIG. 31A) . Each side in X-Z plane has a joint 3112 and each arm 3130 is rotatable around a respective joint 3112 mounted on the corresponding side. For example, the side 3114 has a joint 3112 as illustrated in FIG. 31B, and the arm 3130 is rotatable around the joint 3112.
[0629] In some implementations, an area of the exterior surface 2752 includes a top edge 2922, a bottom edge 2924, a left edge 2926 and a right edge 2928, as illustrated in diagram (b) of FIG. 31A. The second driver system 3110 is configured to rotate the pair of arms 3130 to linearly move the wiper 3102 from the top edge 2922 to the bottom edge 2924 across the exterior surface 2752, and / or from the bottom edge 2924 to the top edge 2922, resulting in a reciprocating movement of the wiper 3102 along Z axis.
[0630] In some implementations, the second driver system 3110 is configured such that, while the arm 3130 rotates around the respective joint 3112, the arm 3130 is linearly movable through the respective joint 3112 to change a length of a portion of the arm 3130 between the exterior surface 2752 and the respective joint 3112 to make the wiper 3102 be in touch with the exterior surface 2752. For example, as illustrated in diagrams (a) - (c) of FIG. 31B, the length of the portion of the arm 3130 between the joint 3112 and the arm end 3124 is denoted as length L. The joint 3112 is fixed onto the side 3114. The arm end 3124 is coupled with the wiper 3102 (see FIG. 31A) . The arm 3130 and the joint 3112 can be coupled in a manner that the arm 3130 is both rotatable about the fixed joint 3112 and movable along its own axial direction. As such, when the arm 3130 rotates, the length L changes. For example, the length L can be the shortest when the arm 3130 is in the position as illustrated in diagram (b) of FIG. 31B, while the length L becomes longer when the arm 3130 is in the position as illustrated in diagram (a) or (c) of FIG. 31B. The second driver system 3110 can control the rotational and / or linear motion of the arm 3130 enabling the wiper 3102 to be in touch with the exterior surface 2752 during a cleaning process. In some implementations, the coupling between the arm 3130 and the joint 3112 can include, but not limited to, a bearing or a bushing, universal joint, gimbal joint, hinge joint, etc.
[0631] In some implementations, e.g., similar to the rod 2432 of FIG. 24, at least one arm 3130 includes a telescopic rod, and the second driver system 3110 is configured to change a length of the telescopic rod between the exterior surface 2752 and the respective joint to make the wiper 3102 be in touch with the exterior surface 2752. As illustrated in diagrams (a) and (b) of FIG. 31C, the point D is a fixed joint 3126 on the side, while the point F is the arm end 3132 that is coupled with the wiper 3102. The rod between the point D and the point F is the arm 3128. The arm 3128 can include a telescopic rod. Telescopic rod can provide adjustable extension and retraction driven by the second driver system 3110, allowing for changes in the lengths of the rod. As such, when the arm 3128 rotates about the fixed joint 3126, e.g., from the angular position illustrated in diagram (a) of FIG. 31C to the angular position illustrated in diagram (b) of FIG. 31C, the length of telescopic rod changes between the point D and the point F to make the wiper 3102 be in touch with the exterior surface 2752. In some implementations, the telescopic rod includes, but not limited to, a single-stage telescopic rod, a multi-stage telescopic rod, a single-acting telescopic rod, ball screw telescopic rod, hydraulic telescopic cylinder, etc.
[0632] In some implementations, the LiDAR cleaning system 3100 includes a controller (e.g., the controller 510 of FIG. 5) which can receive a detection signal indicating a condition of the exterior surface 2752 of the LiDAR sensor 2750. If the detection signal indicates a cleaning process is needed, the controller controls the second driver system 3110 to move the wiper 3102 across the exterior surface 2752 of the LiDAR sensor 2750 and the fluidic system to dispense the liquid onto the exterior surface 2752 of the LiDAR sensor 2750.
[0633] In some implementations, the LiDAR cleaning system 3100 includes a heating system (e.g., the heating system 512 of FIG. 5 or 660 of FIG. 10B or 12B) coupled to the fluidic system and configured to heat the liquid before the liquid is dispensed from the liquid nozzle. The heating system can include, but not limited to, a heating element of electric wires wrapped around at least one portion of a fluidic conduit coupled to the fluidic nozzle. When the liquid flows through the fluidic conduit, the heating system can heat the liquid before it is dispensed through fluidic nozzle. This is to defrost ice on the exterior surface 2752 of the LiDAR sensor 2750 under conditions of low temperature. Fourth Type of LiDAR Cleaning Systems
[0634] FIGS. 32A-32C illustrate an example implementation of a fourth type of LiDAR cleaning systems. Different from other LiDAR cleaning systems as discussed above, a LiDAR cleaning system 3200 as illustrated in FIGS. 32A-32C does not include any wiper, but includes one or more fluidic systems for cleaning.
[0635] In some implementations, the LiDAR cleaning system 3200 includes a fluidic system 3260 and a first driver 3230. The fluidic system 3260 includes a liquid fluidic system 3210 and a gas fluidic system 3220. The liquid fluidic system 3210 can include a liquid nozzle 3202 configured to dispense liquid to an exterior surface 2752 of a LiDAR sensor 2750. The gas fluidic system 3220 can include a gas nozzle 3204 configured to dispense gas (e.g., air) to the exterior surface 2752 of the LiDAR sensor 2750. The first driver 3230 is configured to drive the gas nozzle 3204 to move between a first position, e.g., a working position 3282 of the gas nozzle 3204, and a second position, e.g., a standby position 3281 of the gas nozzle 3204, along a first direction, e.g., X-axis in FIG. 32C. Referring to FIG. 32C, the gas nozzle 3204 is above or beyond the exterior surface 2752 of the LiDAR sensor 2750 at its working position 3282 and below the exterior surface 2752 of the LiDAR sensor 2750 at its standby position 3281 along the X direction.
[0636] Utilizing a gas fluidic system to clean an exterior surface of a LiDAR sensor (or a LiDAR cover) can have one or more following advantages: gas nozzle provides non-contact cleaning which reduces the risk of scratching or damaging the exterior surface from physical contact. It also facilitates continuous data collection by a LiDAR sensor without periodic physical obstruction in the field of view. Moreover, gas nozzle cleaning technique is a more environmentally friendly solution because it doesn’ t involve the disposal of dirty liquid or detergent, and / or dirty or damaged covers or wipers. Further, gas cleaning and liquid cleaning can be configured for removal of different types of dirt, and spraying of gas after liquid cleaning can also clean up residual liquid droplets on the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor.
[0637] In some implementations, the LiDAR cleaning system 3200 further includes a second driver 3232 coupled to the liquid fluidic system 3210 to drive the liquid nozzle 3202 to move between two positions, e.g., a working position 3292 of liquid nozzle 3202 and a standby position 3291 of liquid nozzle 3202. Referring to FIG. 32C, the liquid nozzle 3202 is above the exterior surface 2752 of the LiDAR sensor 2750 at its working position 3292 and below the exterior surface 2752 of the LiDAR sensor 2750 at its standby position 3291 along the X axis.
[0638] As illustrated in FIG. 32C, the LiDAR sensor 2750 includes a first side 3216 and a second side 3218, and the exterior surface 2752 is between the first side 3216 and the second side 3218. In some implementations, the gas fluidic system 3220 and the first driver 3230 are arranged closer to the first side 3216 of the LiDAR sensor 2750 than the liquid fluidic system 3210 and the second driver 3232. In other words, the gas fluidic system 3220 is between the LiDAR sensor 2750 and the liquid fluidic system 3210 along Y axis. In some implementations, the liquid fluidic system 3210 is arranged between the LiDAR sensor 2750 and the gas fluidic system 3220.
[0639] In some implementations, a second liquid fluidic system 3210 and a second gas fluidic system 3220 arranged adjacent to the second side 3218 of the LiDAR sensor 2750. The LiDAR cleaning system 3200 can thus have two liquid fluidic systems 3210 and two gas fluidic systems 3220, arranged in a mirror-like manner on both sides (3216 and 3218) , as illustrated in FIGS. 32A-32C.
[0640] In some implementations, the gas fluidic system 3220 and the first driver 3230 are arranged adjacent to the first side 3216 of the LiDAR sensor 2750, and the liquid fluidic system 3210 and the second driver 3232 are arranged adjacent to the second side 3218 of the LiDAR sensor 2750.
[0641] In some implementations, the gas fluidic system 3220 and the first driver 3230, and the liquid fluidic system 3210 and the second driver 3232 are arranged adjacent to one side of the LiDAR sensor 2750, either the first side 3216 or the second side 3218.
[0642] In some implementations, the LiDAR cleaning system 3200 further includes a controller (e.g., the controller 510 of FIG...
Claims
1.A LiDAR cleaning system, comprising:a wiper configured to be in touch with an exterior surface of a LiDAR sensor; anda driver system coupled to the wiper and configured to drive the wiper to be in an active state to perform a motion across the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor,wherein the wiper is detachable from the LiDAR cleaning system.2.The LiDAR cleaning system of claim 1, wherein the LiDAR sensor comprises a cover having the exterior surface, andwherein a shape of the wiper is configured to be compatible with a shape of the cover, such that the wiper remains in touch with a corresponding portion of the exterior surface while the wiper is performing the motion across the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor.3.The LiDAR cleaning system of any preceding claim, wherein the wiper comprises:a support frame; anda wiper body coupled to the support frame and configured to be in touch with the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor.4.The LiDAR cleaning system of claim 3, wherein the support frame comprises a bendable metal.5.The LiDAR cleaning system of claim 3 or 4, wherein the wiper body comprises bendable rubber or silicone.6.The LiDAR cleaning system of any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein the wiper further comprises:a first wiper rotating shaft coupled to a first end of the support frame; anda second wiper rotating shaft coupled to a second end of the support frame,wherein the second end of the support frame is opposite to the first end of the support frame along a first axis around which the wiper performs a reciprocating rotating motion.7.The LiDAR cleaning system of claim 6, wherein the first wiper rotating shaft and the second wiper rotating shaft are coupled to the support frame by riveting or welding.8.The LiDAR cleaning system of claim 6 or 7, further comprising:a wiper driving assembly coupled to the first wiper rotating shaft and configured to connect the wiper and the driver system.9.The LiDAR cleaning system of claim 8, wherein the wiper driving assembly comprises:a connection bushing coupled to a power output shaft of the driver system; anda coupling assembly configured to couple the connection bushing and the first wiper rotating shaft of the wiper,wherein the driver system is configured to drive the power output shaft to rotate the connection bushing around the first axis to cause the reciprocating rotating motion of the wiper through the first wiper rotating shaft of the wiper.10.The LiDAR cleaning system of claim 9, wherein the connection bushing is coupled to the power output shaft by welding.11.The LiDAR cleaning system of claim 9 or 10, wherein the power output shaft has a D-shape, a square shape, or a polygon shape.12.The LiDAR cleaning system of any one of claims 6 to 11, further comprising:a wiper support assembly coupled to the second wiper rotating shaft and configured to support the reciprocating rotation motion of the wiper.13.The LiDAR cleaning system of claim 12, wherein the wiper support assembly comprises:a rotating bushing coupled to the second wiper rotating shaft of the wiper and configured to be rotatable around the first axis driven by a rotation of the second wiper rotating shaft of the wiper;a coupling assembly configured to couple the second wiper rotating shaft of the wiper and a first end of rotating bushing; anda bearing coupled to a second end of the rotating bushing and configured to support a rotation of the rotating bushing.14.The LiDAR cleaning system of claim 13, wherein the wiper support assembly further comprises:a bearing housing coupled to the bearing and configured to restrain a movement of the bearing along the first axis, a second axis and a third axis that are perpendicular to one another; anda bearing gland coupled to the bearing housing and configured to support the bearing.15.The LiDAR cleaning system of claim 14, wherein the wiper support assembly further comprises:a sealing ring coupled to the bearing gland and configured to at least protect the bearing from liquid or dust.16.The LiDAR cleaning system of claim 15, wherein the sealing ring is positioned inside a recess of the bearing gland and at least partially in contact with the rotating bushing.17.The LiDAR cleaning system of claim 16, wherein the sealing ring is positioned inside the recess of the bearing gland by gluing.18.The LiDAR cleaning system of any one of claims 2 to 17, wherein the wiper body is detachable from the supporting frame.19.The LiDAR cleaning system of any preceding claim, wherein a radial flexibility of the wiper is greater than an axial flexibility of the wiper.20.The LiDAR cleaning system of any preceding claim, wherein the driver system comprises:a motor;a transmission assembly coupled to the motor; anda power output shaft coupled to the transmission assembly and the wiper,wherein the transmission assembly is configured to change a rotation speed of the motor for the power output shaft.21.The LiDAR cleaning system of claim 0, wherein the transmission assembly comprises a plurality of transmission changers comprising:a first transmission changer to change the rotation speed of the motor to a first speed; anda second transmission changer to change the first speed to a second speed for the power output shaft.22.The LiDAR cleaning system of claim 21, wherein the first speed is smaller than the rotation speed, and the second speed is smaller than the first speed.23.The LiDAR cleaning system of claim 21 or 22, wherein the first speed is smaller than the rotation speed, the second speed is higher than the first speed, and the second speed is smaller than the rotation speed.24.The LiDAR cleaning system of any one of claims 20 to 23, wherein the transmission assembly comprises:a worm coupled to an output shaft of the motor and configured to be rotatable around a first axis driven by the motor; anda worm gear coupled to the worm and configured to be rotatable around a second axis driven by a rotation of the worm, the second axis being perpendicular to the first axis.25.The LiDAR cleaning system of claim 24, wherein a number of gear teeth of the worm gear is greater than a number of starts or threads on the worm.26.The LiDAR cleaning system of claim 24 or 25, wherein the transmission assembly further comprises:an intermediate shaft coupled to the worm gear and configured to be rotatable around the second axis driven by a rotation of the worm gear;an input gear coupled to the intermediate shaft and configured to be rotatable around the first axis driven by a rotation of the intermediate shaft; andan output gear coupled to the input gear and configured to be rotatable around the first axis driven by a rotation of the input gear,wherein the power output shaft is coupled to the output gear and configured to be rotatable around the second axis driven by a rotation of the output gear.27.The LiDAR cleaning system of claim 26, wherein a number of gear teeth of the output gear is smaller than a number of the gear teeth of the input gear.28.The LiDAR cleaning system of claim 26 or 27, wherein the worm gear is coupled to the intermediate shaft by a shaped inner bore of the worm gear.29.The LiDAR cleaning system of any one of claims 26 to 28, wherein the transmission assembly further comprises:a first bearing coupled to a first end of the intermediate shaft; anda second bearing coupled to a second end of the intermediate shaft,wherein the first bearing and the second bearing are mounted on a housing of the transmission assembly along the second axis.30.The LiDAR cleaning system of any preceding claim, wherein the driver system comprises:a motor;a conveyor belt coupled to the motor and extending along a first axis, wherein the conveyor belt is configured to be moveable along the first axis driven by the motor; anda power output shaft coupled to the conveyor belt and the wiper, wherein the power output shaft is configured to be rotatable about a second axis, and a rotation of the power output shaft drives the reciprocating rotating motion of the wiper around the second axis.31.The LiDAR cleaning system of claim 30, wherein the conveyor belt comprises a closed belt made of a flexible material.32.The LiDAR cleaning system of claim 30 or 31, wherein the second axis is perpendicular to the first axis.33.The LiDAR cleaning system of any preceding claim, further comprising a fluidic system configured to dispense a fluid to the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor.34.The LiDAR cleaning system of claim 33, wherein the fluidic system comprises:a fluidic conduit; andat least one fluidic nozzle coupled to the fluidic conduit and configured to dispense the fluid from the fluidic conduit to the exterior surface of the LiDAR sensor.35.The LiDAR cleaning system of claim 34, wherein the fluidic system further comprises:a valve configured to control the fluid into the fluidic conduit,wherein the valve is configured to be turned on or off by an electromagnet switch that is controllable by a control circuitry.36.The LiDAR cleaning system of any one of claims 33 to 35, wherein the LiDAR sensor has a cover having the exterior surface, and the at least one fluidic nozzle is configured to spray the fluid onto the cover.37.The LiDAR cleaning system of claim 36, wherein the at least one fluidic nozzle comprises multiple fluidic nozzles around the cover when the LiDAR sensor is at the first position.38.The LiDAR cleaning system of any one of claims 33 to 37, wherein the at least one fluidic nozzle is configured to dispense no greater than 5 grams of liquid per spray.39.The LiDAR cleaning system of any one of claims 33 to 38, wherein the fluidic system is configured to dispense the fluid with a time interval between adjacent sprays.40.The LiDAR cleaning system of any preceding claim, further comprising a heating system configured to heat the fluid in the fluidic system.41.The LiDAR cleaning system of claim 40, wherein the heating system comprises a heating element made of electric wires.42.The LiDAR cleaning system of claim 41, wherein the electric wires are wrapped around at least one portion of the fluidic conduit.43.The LiDAR cleaning system of any one of claims 40 to 42, wherein the heating system is coupled to a control circuitry and configured to be controlled by the control circuity.44.A method of cleaning an exterior surface of a LiDAR sensor by a LiDAR cleaning system according to any one of claims 1 to 43.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
Industrial endoscope having remote cleaning function
CN110618526A
Cleaning device, laser radar sensor assembly and working device
CN114755657A
Wiper device, sensor system, and vehicle
CN115534878A
Sensor cleaning device, sensor and vehicle
CN117657072A
Laser radar cleaning system
CN118700984A