Device and method for producing marbled and structured food products, in particular meat substitute products

Abstract

The invention relates to a device (1) and a method for producing marbled and structured food products (2), in particular meat substitute products, comprising: a first housing (3) having an inlet (4) for a base mass flow (5), at least one nozzle, in particular a plurality of nozzles (7a, 7b, 7c), for injecting a plurality of additional mass flows (6) into the base mass flow (5), and an outlet (8) for the marbled base mass flow (5), which has a marbled structure produced by the additional mass in the base mass; a second housing (30) having an inlet (40) for the marbled base mass flow (50) and an outlet for the structured food product (2); and a structuring device (180) for producing a defined structure of an additional mass in the marbled base mass, said structuring device (180) comprising at least one opening (160) for the marbled base mass flow (50) in order to produce at least one base mass strand (500) and a plurality of inlets (70a, 70b, 70c) for other additional mass flows (9) in order to produce a plurality of additional mass strands (90).

Description

[0001] Device and method for producing marbled and structured foodstuffs, in particular meat substitutes

[0002] The invention relates to a device and a method for producing marbled and structured food products according to claims 1 and 14.

[0003] In the production of meat and / or meat substitute products, pasty, plant-based masses, often mixed with fiber, are shaped either manually or mechanically, and appropriate structures are added. These products are modeled as realistically as possible on a purely animal-based counterpart in both their external geometry and their cross-section. In addition to the red muscle meat, these counterparts also feature clearly visible fat structures.

[0004] These fat structures are found both within the muscle fibers (intramuscular fine marbling) and in larger, defined structures between the muscle strands (coarse structuring). These coarse structures significantly shape the appearance of a meat substitute and are essential for faithfully imitating animal-derived analogues.

[0005] The defined fat structures represent specific cuts of an animal, e.g. rump steak, hip, rib, etc. The aim is to recreate the shape, thickness, percentage of fat, and thus the entire meat structure.

[0006] So-called co-extrusion processes are already used in the state of the art, by means of which an inner and an outer mass can be extruded simultaneously, for example to produce sausage products with cheese filling or vegan bacon.

[0007] It is already known from WO 2022 / 157584 A2 to incorporate a secondary mass into a previously produced fibrous base mass. The base mass here represents the meat substitute mass. This is produced in an upstream process. Rolling, loosening, and marinating create a realistic-looking mass. The rolled product ensures that this mass is presented as a flat mat. A secondary mass, i.e., the fat substitute mass, is applied to this flat, rolled-out base mass. By subsequently rolling up the flat product and allowing the secondary mass to penetrate the interstices of the fibers, a patterned product image is created. This cross-sectional image resembles, for example, a real beef fillet with a marbling structure.

[0008] This well-known manufacturing process for producing vegan meat alternatives does not allow for continuous production, as manual work steps are required. Overall, the manufacturing process is complex and cost-intensive. Because it is a discontinuous process, the hourly output is very low, which in turn leads to high costs for the end consumer. Furthermore, the range of usable masses is very limited. A reliable adjustment of the distribution of the secondary mass across the product cross-section is only possible to a limited extent. The same applies to adjusting the volume ratios between the base mass and the secondary mass. Overall, the process is complicated and time-consuming.

[0009] The disadvantage of conventional coextrusion devices is that they cannot produce precisely defined structures, especially fine structures or marbling. Applications of conventional coextrusion nozzles are primarily suitable for the mono-production of very specific products while maintaining a defined composition of the extruded media. Flexible adaptation of structures is not possible.

[0010] Based on this, the present invention is based on the object of providing an improved device and an improved method which enable coarse and fine structures to be produced in a food product in a simple, continuous and flexible manner.

[0011] The device according to the invention for producing marbled foodstuffs, in particular meat products, comprises a housing with an inlet for a base mass flow, a plurality of nozzles for injecting a plurality of additional mass flows into the base mass flow, and an outlet for the marbled base mass flow, which has a marbled structure of the pasty additional mass in the base mass.

[0012] The device further comprises a second housing, with an inlet for the marbled base mass flow and an outlet for the structured food and with a structuring device for producing a defined structure of an additional mass in the marbled base mass, wherein the structuring device comprises: at least one opening for the marbled base mass flow for producing at least one base mass strand and a plurality of inlets for further additional mass flows for producing a plurality of additional mass strands.

[0013] The present invention enables the creation of a fine marbling in the first housing in combination with additional structures in the marbled matrix created in a second housing.

[0014] The device according to the invention enables the continuous production of a marbled and structured food product in that several additional mass flows can initially be metered into the generated base mass flow during the manufacturing process, thus enabling continuous production. The base mass is, for example, the meat substitute mass. The additional mass flows can be fed continuously or in pulsed manner. In this way, several individual strands of the additional mass can be encapsulated in the base mass flow, so that a marbled pattern, i.e. a marbled structure of the pasty additional mass in the base mass, is created in a simple manner. The movement of the base mass and the additional mass in the housing also causes a deflection of the individual strands (relative to the main flow direction from inlet to outlet), which leads to an attractive, lifelike marbled structure in the cross-section of the food product.

[0015] To generate the base mass flow or the additional mass flows, the inlet and outlet of the first housing can be connected to corresponding filling machines or pumps, etc. Because the housing has multiple nozzles, the device offers a high degree of flexibility, hygiene, and simplicity. The device according to the invention can be quickly and easily mounted on corresponding filling machines or pumping devices. The components used also meet the demanding hygiene requirements in food technology and enable easy cleaning while remaining robust. The initial injection of the additional mass flow into the base mass flow results in only minimal mechanical stress on the products to create the marbling structure.

[0016] A further structure is then introduced into this marbled matrix. A second housing is provided downstream of the first housing. It has an inlet for the marbled matrix flow.

[0017] The second housing has a structuring device for creating a defined structure of a further additional mass in the base mass. The further additional mass can either be the same mass as the additional mass that was fed to the first housing or a different mass. The structuring device comprises at least one opening for the base mass flow to create at least one base mass strand. This means that the base mass flow is either left as a single flow or is divided into several partial flows such that several base mass strands are created that are spaced apart from one another when viewed in the cross-section of the second housing. Furthermore, several inlets are provided for the aforementioned additional mass flows to create several additional mass strands. There are therefore several additional mass strands that are spaced apart from one another when viewed in the cross-section of the second housing.The base mass strands and the additional mass strands are thus arranged next to each other, possibly separated by a cavity. Thus, the second housing contains several individual strands of base mass and additional mass, which can be placed next to each other to form the structured meat substitute product. Both the at least one base mass strand produced and the additional mass strands move in the direction of flow, i.e., toward the outlet of the housing.

[0018] Through marbling and further structuring, a realistic meat substitute product can be continuously produced.

[0019] The first and second housings can also be integrated into a common housing and are then designed in the form of housing sections arranged one behind the other.

[0020] According to a preferred embodiment, the structuring device comprises a first section with at least one opening for the matrix flow to generate at least one matrix strand. This means that the matrix flow is either left as a single flow or is divided into several sub-flows, such that several matrix strands are generated, which are spaced apart from one another when viewed in the cross-section of the housing.

[0021] The structuring device further comprises a second section with a plurality of channels connected to inlets for respective additional mass flows. The inlets are arranged distributed, in particular, around the circumference of the housing. Thus, the additional mass flow can be guided via the channels to predetermined positions within the housing cross-section. These positions are located outside the base mass strand(s).

[0022] The structuring device further comprises a third section with a plurality of outlet openings that communicate with respective channels to generate a plurality of additional mass strands. This means that the additional mass exits via the respective outlet openings at the predetermined positions and generates the respective additional mass strands. The outlet openings are preferably located in a plane that extends perpendicular to the flow direction in the structuring device.

[0023] By selecting the positions of the channels, the outlet openings, and the position of the opening(s) for the matrix flow, any desired structure can be easily created. A corresponding device is robust, simple, and inexpensive to manufacture.

[0024] According to a preferred embodiment, a fourth section is provided with several openings through which the additional mass strands can be recombined, creating a defined overall structure. Depending on the product, the use of a fourth section may also be omitted. The base and additional mass strands can then be separated directly at the exit surface of the third section using a separating device (not shown), resulting in products resembling bacon cubes, for example.

[0025] According to a preferred embodiment, the second housing has an extrusion guide after the structuring device, in particular after the third or fourth section, in which the base and additional mass strands are placed against one another, i.e. the base and additional mass are joined together without any air inclusions. The inner contour of the extrusion guide essentially corresponds to the outer contour of the food, e.g. has the shape of a steak. The extrusion guide can be designed either as a straight forming section with an essentially constant cross-sectional area in the interior or as a compressing forming section such that the food is compressed after exiting the structuring device, i.e. in particular the third or fourth section, i.e. is slightly tapered. In this case, the cross-sectional area in the interior of the extrusion guide decreases, for example. A compressing forming section can be used for better adhesion of the different product phases, e.g.the base mass and the additional mass. Depending on the product, a corresponding extrusion guide may be omitted, especially if the food is extruded into a casing, e.g., artificial casing. The individual strands are then compressed within the casing.

[0026] The extrusion guide can also widen towards the outlet, so that the pressure in the produced food product decreases.

[0027] The extruded food can then be transferred to a conveyor belt, a filling device for sausage casings, such as artificial casings, or a portioning system. Manual portioning and removal is also possible. The food can then also be cut into individual slices, for example.

[0028] According to a preferred embodiment, the sections are designed as a plurality of adjacent plates arranged one behind the other in the flow direction. Each section can be implemented as a separate plate, or multiple sections can be integrated into one plate, e.g., the first and second sections in one plate, or the second and third sections in one plate. Alternatively, instead of the individual plates, a single component, for example a 3D-printed component, can be used as the structuring device, with the internal channels and openings for the at least one base mass flow and the multiple additional mass flows.

[0029] The use of multiple plates is particularly advantageous, as the plate structure allows for cost-effective implementation of customer-specific structural requirements using simple components. For this purpose, the plates are preferably arranged in an interchangeable manner within the housing. This allows for easy implementation of customer-specific solutions without major modifications. New structures can be created simply by replacing a few components. The positions of the additional mass inlets remain the same.

[0030] According to a preferred embodiment, the nozzles extend into the first housing such that the additional mass flows can be introduced into the base mass flow at different locations, with the nozzles, in particular, extending into the housing at different depths and / or from different sides of the housing. Thus, the additional mass flows are injected into the base mass flow at different locations, viewed in cross-section, and a desired pattern can be created. The base mass flow preferably flows around the nozzles, resulting in turbulence between the base mass flow and the additional mass flow.

[0031] According to a preferred embodiment, the device has a static and / or a dynamic mixer, which is preferably arranged downstream of the nozzles in the flow direction T of the base mass flow, in order to swirl the additional mass flows. This swirling of the previously injected additional mass flows creates an irregular, finely divided structure that is swirled evenly across the entire product cross-section. In this case, high swirling can be generated with only slight mechanical stress, i.e. with a low mixer speed. Alternatively or additionally, a static mixer can be used, which is implemented, for example, via baffles or is designed, for example, as a swirl tube, etc. It is essential that additional swirling is implemented. Static mixers are simpler and more cost-effective to implement.Dynamic mixers have the advantage that the appearance of the marbled structure can be specifically influenced by adjusting the speed and / or by selecting the blade geometry.

[0032] Advantageously, the speed of the dynamic mixer can be varied to optimize the desired marbled structure. Furthermore, by adjusting the speed, the load on the base and additive mass can be adjusted. Furthermore, it can prevent a mass-specific speed from being exceeded for certain products, at which the product phases would emulsify.

[0033] Preferably, there are 2 to 24 nozzles. However, a single nozzle is also possible. If nozzle receptacles are provided into which the nozzles can be inserted at desired locations, at least one, and in particular 2 to 24, nozzle receptacles can be formed. The nozzles preferably have an outlet area of ​​0.2 - 25 mm.2 , so that even very fine structures can be created. The nozzles can have either the same or different outlet areas.

[0034] In the structuring device in the second housing, the at least one opening for producing the at least one base mass strand has a cross-sectional area that is larger than the cross-sectional area of ​​the respective outlet openings for producing an additional mass strand and, in particular, the cross-sectional areas of the respective outlet openings for producing an additional mass strand are larger than the outlet area of ​​the respective nozzles in the first housing.

[0035] This makes it possible to create a fine structuring effect, i.e., a marbling effect, using the nozzles in the first housing, similar to the natural marbling of muscle meat, for example. In the second housing, the structuring device can then produce either a single marbled strand or several strands of the marbled base mass from the stream of marbled base mass, along with several additional strands of the base mass that permeate the finished food product, e.g., as a fat-like mass.

[0036] The at least one opening for producing the at least one matrix strand has a cross-sectional area in a range of 3 to 400 cm 2 and the channels preferably have a cross-sectional area in a range of 5 to 150 mm 2 .

[0037] These are only preferred embodiments, whereby the device according to the invention allows any design freedom.

[0038] According to a preferred embodiment, the device comprises at least one device for supplying the additional mass flows for the first and / or second housing. For example, a common device can be provided for the first and second housings, meaning that the same mass is supplied to the housings as additional mass. However, two different devices for supplying the additional mass flows can also be provided, for example—in which case, different masses can be supplied. Suitable device(s) include, for example, filling machines.

[0039] According to a preferred embodiment, the device or devices for supplying the additional mass flows each have at least one filling flow divider, which divides an additional mass flow into several additional mass flows in corresponding sub-lines, wherein the sub-lines are connected to the nozzles and / or the inlets. It is possible to provide a device which, for example, has two filling flow dividers, wherein one filling flow divider is connected to the nozzles and the other filling flow divider to the inlets in the second housing. The volume flow can then be adjusted accordingly. The use of a filling flow divider enables the individual additional mass flows to each have the same volume flow, regardless of where the nozzle or the inlet is arranged on the corresponding housing. As a result, the additional mass, for example,in the channels or nozzles with different flow resistances and has a defined volume flow for each channel or nozzle that remains constant across all channels or nozzles. This makes the system mass-independent - the structural injection is not influenced by different flow properties and viscosities of the pasty masses used. This means that the operator does not need to adjust the system when changing masses. The use of a filling flow divider can be dispensed with if the geometry of the individual channels is defined in such a way that the flow resistances are almost identical across all channels. This can be achieved through a simulative study or through appropriate throttle valves on or upstream of the respective inlets. In any case, the use of a filling flow divider allows greater freedom in the design of the channels and nozzles and the structures created thereby.

[0040] The invention also relates to a filling machine with a device for producing marbled and structured food products according to at least one of claims 1-11, wherein the filling machine comprises a hopper, a conveyor and an outlet connected to the inlet of the first housing.

[0041] According to a preferred embodiment, the ratio of the base mass flow supplied to the first housing to the respective additional mass flows supplied to the nozzles in the first housing is adjustable, and in particular, the ratio of the base mass flow supplied to the first housing to the respective additional mass flows supplied to the feeds in the second housing is adjustable. Thus, the desired marbling and structure can be ideally produced.

[0042] In the method according to the invention for producing marbled structured foodstuffs, in particular with a filling machine according to claim 12 or 13, a base mass flow is generated through a first housing, for example via the filling machine.

[0043] Several additional mass flows are injected into the base mass flow via respective nozzles in order to create a marbled base mass flow.

[0044] The base mass stream, marbled with the additional mass streams, is fed into a second housing. In a structuring device in the second housing, this base mass stream is guided through at least one opening, creating at least one base mass strand. Further additional mass streams are fed into the second housing via several inlets, creating several additional mass strands. The strands can then join together to produce the food with the desired structure.

[0045] For this purpose, viewed in the direction of flow, the base and additional mass strands can be placed next to one another in an extrusion guide after the structuring device.

[0046] The present invention is explained in more detail with reference to the following figures.

[0047] Figure 1 shows a roughly schematic representation of an embodiment according to the present invention.

[0048] Figure 2 shows a roughly schematic cross section through part of an embodiment according to the present invention.

[0049] Figure 3 shows schematically a plan view of a part of an embodiment according to the present invention.

[0050] Figure 4 shows schematically a perspective view of part of an embodiment according to the present invention.

[0051] Figure 5 shows a rough schematic of two filling machines with a device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 6 shows schematically a longitudinal section through part of an embodiment according to the present invention.

[0053] Figure 7 shows an exploded view of the plate structure of the structuring device according to the embodiment shown in Figure 6.

[0054] Figure 8 shows schematically a longitudinal section and a plan view of the different plates according to the embodiment shown in Figures 2 and 3.

[0055] Figure 9 shows the top view of the device at the exit of the base mass strands and additional mass strands before entering the extrusion guide according to the embodiment shown in Figures 6-8.

[0056] Figure 10 shows a section of the embodiment shown in Figures 6-9 in perspective view.

[0057] Figure 11 shows the food produced with the previously described embodiment. Figure 1 shows a roughly schematic embodiment according to the present invention for

[0058] Production of marbled and textured foods 2, especially meat substitutes. These products are modeled as realistically as possible on the animal-derived reference product in both their external geometry and their cross-section. In addition to the marbled red muscle meat, these reference products also exhibit clearly visible coarser fat structures. Figure 11 schematically shows the structure of such a meat substitute product with a marbled base mass of 500, corresponding to muscle meat, and an additional mass of 90, corresponding to a coarse fat structure.

[0059] The device 1 comprises a first housing 3 with an inlet 4 for a base mass flow 5, which is generated, for example, by a filling machine 300, and at least one, in particular several nozzles 7 for injecting several additional mass flows 6 into the base mass flow. The housing further comprises an outlet 8 for the base mass flow 5, which has a marbled structure of the additional mass in the base mass. The additional mass flows 6 can, for example, also be generated by a device 13 for supplying the additional mass, which in particular comprises the filling machine 200 (Fig. 3). In the first housing 3, downstream of the at least one nozzle 7 in the flow direction, there is a static and / or dynamic mixer 11 for swirling the injected additional mass flow 6. A second housing 30 adjoins the first housing 3 in the flow direction. Here, the circumference of the housing 30 can, for example, be expanded.The second housing has an inlet 40, which here adjoins the outlet 8 of the first housing. The second housing 30 further has an outlet 80 for the structured food 2. The second housing 30 further has a structuring device 180 for creating a defined structure of a further additional mass in the marbled base mass. The structuring device 180 has, as will be explained in more detail below, at least one opening 160, here for example three openings, for the marbled base mass flow 50 in order to create a plurality of base mass strands 500 by forcing the mass through the opening(s) 160. Furthermore, there are a plurality of inlets 70, which are arranged in particular distributed around the circumference of the second housing 30 for creating a plurality of additional mass strands 90 in the housing.The base mass strands 500 and the additional mass strands 90 are arranged side by side and can be combined, in particular compressed, for example, via an extrusion guide 130, as explained in more detail below. The finished food product is expelled, for example, via the outlet 80 of the second housing 30 and can then either be transported further and, for example, cut into slices or filled into a sausage casing. The first housing 3 for producing the marbling is explained in more detail below with reference to Figures 2-5, and then the second housing 30 for producing the coarser structure is explained with reference to Figures 6-10.

[0060] Figure 2 shows a cross-section through the first housing 3 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The device for producing a marbled and structured food product 2 comprises the housing 3, which here, for example, has a base body 9 and a feed line 10. However, this is only an example. The housing 3 has an inlet 4 for a base mass flow 5 of a pasty food product. A corresponding food product can, for example, be a pasty mass, in particular a meat substitute mass. This inlet 4 can be connected to a feed device for the base mass flow. Advantageously, the inlet 4 is connected to an outlet 19 of a filling machine 300, as also shown in Figure 2.Such a filling machine is used, for example, for sausage production and has, for example, a hopper 17 for the base mass and a conveyor 18, for example a vane pump or a screw pump, wherein the conveyor 18 conveys the base mass flow 5 via the inlet 4 into the housing 3, as shown by the arrow in Figure 2.

[0061] As can further be seen in Figure 2, the housing 3 also has an outlet 8 for the marbled base mass flow 50. Although not shown here, the outlet 8 of the first housing 3 is followed in the flow direction by the second housing 30, which will be explained in more detail below. However, it is also possible for the first and second housings 3, 30 to be integrated into a common housing. The housing 3 has a plurality of nozzles 7a, 7b, 7c, which in this exemplary embodiment are arranged in the region of the inlet line 10 of the housing 3. The nozzles serve to supply a plurality of additional mass flows 6a, 6b, 6c. Such an additional mass can, for example, be a pasty mass, in particular a fat substitute mass.

[0062] Three nozzles are shown here as an example; preferably, there are 2 to 24 nozzles. The nozzles 7a, 7b, and 7c extend into the base mass flow 5 and are surrounded by the base mass flow 5. The nozzles 7a, 7b, and 7c extend into the base mass flow 5 at different depths and from different sides. This means that the additional mass flows Pa, Pb, and Pc are injected into the base mass flow 5 at different points in the flow direction and in the depth direction. Thus, several individual strands of the additional mass are encapsulated in the base mass flow 5. The injected additional mass then moves together with the base mass flow 5 in the direction of the outlet 8. As also indicated in Figure 2, the additional mass flows do not move exactly in a straight line, but are deflected from the main flow direction by flow resistances and by the ratio of the volume flow of the respective additional mass flow to the volume flow of the base mass flow 5, so that a living structure is created.This may already be sufficient to create a marbled structure, for example, for a meat substitute. If an even greater degree of structuring is desired, it is possible to provide a static and / or dynamic mixer 11 in the base mass flow 5.

[0063] Figure 2, for example, shows a dynamic mixer 11 with a mixer shaft 22, on the front of which a mixing device, e.g. arms, is arranged. For this purpose, the housing can have a shaft feedthrough. The mixer shaft 22 can be driven, for example, via a filling machine drive 21 (see Figure 2). Rotating the mixer results in a targeted swirling of the additional mass flows 6a, 6b, 6c, creating an irregular, finely divided structure 24 that resembles the fatty structure of meat. This structure is present across the entire product cross-section due to the swirling. The speed of the mixer 11 must be kept low enough to prevent emulsification of the two product phases. The mixer speed must therefore not exceed a mass-specific speed.Alternatively or in addition to the dynamic mixer 11, a static mixer can also be used, whereby the dynamic mixer can also function as a static mixer when not driven. As a static mixer, appropriate flow breakers can be provided in the housing 3, or the housing 3 can be designed, for example, as a swirl tube. If only static mixing elements are used, the device is significantly simplified.

[0064] Advantageously, nozzle receptacles 12a, 12b, 12c are provided in the housing wall, i.e. either in the base body wall 9a or here, for example, in the inlet line wall 10a, into which nozzles 7 can be arranged interchangeably, e.g. can be screwed in. The nozzle receptacles can also be closed with plugs if no additional mass flow is to be injected via a corresponding nozzle at this point. This means that the position and number of nozzles 7 used can be adjusted. The depth position of the nozzles, i.e. how deeply the respective nozzle projects into the housing, can also be adjusted, for example by screwing the nozzle in. As can be seen in particular from Figure 1, the nozzles 7a, 7b, 7c project to different depths and here also from different sides into the housing, so that additional mass flows that are spaced apart from one another are generated.The position of the injection nozzles and their depth adjustment allows for the distribution of the additive mass across the product's cross-section. This allows for a high degree of process flexibility. The customer can customize the structuring as desired without having to purchase additional parts or a new fixture.

[0065] The marbled base mass flow 50 is then pushed further into the second housing 30, as explained in more detail below.

[0066] Figure 3 shows a further preferred embodiment according to the present invention, which essentially corresponds to the embodiment shown in Figure 1, wherein a device 13 for supplying the additional mass flows 6a, 6b, 6c is shown here. As already explained above, here, for example, the base mass flow 5 is conveyed via the filling machine 300 to the inlet 4 of the first housing of the device 1. The mixer shaft 22 is also driven, for example, via a drive 21 of the filling machine 300. In principle, however, it would also be possible for the drive to be via a separate drive, e.g. in the housing 3. Since here the drive is via the filling machine drive 21 and the shaft 22 extends straight from the machine housing, e.g. in direction T, the inlet line 10 of the housing 3 runs at an angle α to the direction or to the longitudinal axis of the housing. However, this is only an example.

[0067] Figure 3 now also shows the device 13, which here also comprises a second filling machine 200, which also has a hopper 25, a conveyor 26, and a corresponding outlet 27. This is only an example. A different conveyor device could also be provided here. Following the outlet 27, a filling flow divider 14 is provided, which divides the additional mass flow from the filling machine 200 into several additional mass flows 6a, 6b, 6c in corresponding partial lines 15a, 15n. Corresponding filling flow dividers are known from the prior art and have respective metering elements 28a to 28n, which generate a predetermined volume flow. Advantageously, the metering devices 28a to 28n generate a volume flow that is the same in all partial lines 15a, 15n. The supply lines 15a, 15n are connected to the corresponding nozzles 7a, 7n. As also shown in Figure 3, the nozzles protrude into the housing 3 to different depths.The flow divider 14 ensures that the volume flow remains constant in all nozzles, regardless of the nozzle position. As an alternative to the flow divider 14, a throttle (not shown) can be arranged at the inlets of the nozzles 7 to adjust the volume flow, in particular to keep it constant across all nozzles. The throttles serve to finely adjust the flow resistances and velocities at the inlets of the nozzles.

[0068] It is also possible for the device to have multiple devices 13 for supplying different additive masses to different nozzles, in which case the different additive masses then have, for example, different colors or different consistencies. In this exemplary embodiment, the nozzles 7 are located in the base body 9 of the housing 3. This is merely an example.

[0069] The volume flow of the base mass 5 can be adjusted via the conveyor 18 of the filling machine 300. The volume flow of the additional mass flows 6a to 6n can be adjusted via the feed device 13, in particular the conveyor 26 of the filling machine and the filling flow divider 14, so that the ratio of the base mass flow to the respective additional mass flows can be adjusted. This ratio also affects the structure.

[0070] Figure 4 shows a perspective view of a possible embodiment with several nozzles 7 in the inlet line wall 10a and a mixer shaft 22 driven by a motor M. It can be clearly seen that the nozzles extend to different depths into the housing 3. In this embodiment, the base mass flow 5, into which several additional flows 6 have been injected, flows from the inlet line 10 into the base body 9 and is swirled there via the dynamic mixer 11.

[0071] Figures 5 to 10 schematically show the creation of a coarser structuring using the second housing 30.

[0072] Figure 5 shows a device 16 for supplying an additional mass, which comprises a filling machine 400. Thus, there are two filling machines 300, 400 with a device for producing marbled and textured foods, in particular meat substitutes. In Figure 5, the previously described first housing 3 is shown only schematically. The filling machine 400 can be a filling machine in addition to the filling machine 200, or only one filling machine is provided, which supplies additional mass to both the housing 3 and the housing 30.

[0073] The housing 30 is connected to the outlet 8 of the first housing 3 with the inlet 40 for the marbled base mass flow 50. The housing also has an outlet 80 for the structured food 2, i.e. the marbled base mass 5 into which an additional mass 6 has been introduced. Located in the housing 30 is a structuring device 180 for producing the defined structure of the additional mass 6 in the base mass 5. For this purpose, the structuring device 180 has a first section 9 with at least one opening 160 for the base mass flow 50, which is shown hatched in Fig. 2. The first section 91 in this exemplary embodiment is designed as a plate, in particular as a matrix plate 91, as can also be seen from Figs. 7, 8 and 9.The matrix plate 91 has at least one opening, here several, in particular here three openings 160, through which the marbled matrix stream 50 is pressed out of the first housing 3 in order to produce at least one marbled matrix strand 500, in this embodiment, for example, three matrix strands 500. Fig. 11 shows the three adjacent matrix streams 500 after passing through the structuring device 180. The cross-sectional area of ​​an opening for the matrix stream is, for example, in a range of 3 - 400 cm. 2 .

[0074] Furthermore, the device has a second section 100, here, for example, in the form of a plate, in particular the circuit board 100, which lies tightly against the matrix plate 91. The second section has a plurality of channels 190, which are connected to inlets 70 for respective further additional mass strands 90. The inlets 70 are arranged, in particular, distributed around the circumference of the circuit board 100 and around the circumference of the housing 30, as can be seen in particular from Fig. 10 and Fig. 7. The additional mass flow 9 can, for example, as will be explained below, be supplied from a supply device 16, in particular the filling machine 400.According to a preferred embodiment, this can also advantageously be the filling machine 200 described in Figure 3 in connection with the first housing (instead of an additional filling machine 400), which conveys additional mass both to the nozzles 7 and to inlets 70 (the connection to the inlets is not shown in Figure 5 for the sake of simplicity), which simplifies the device overall, since only 2 filling machines are necessary, one for the base mass and the other for the additional mass 6 and the additional mass 9, wherein the additional mass 6 and the additional mass 9 can be made of the same material.

[0075] The channels 190 can guide the respective additional mass flow 9 inwards to a respective predetermined location of the housing cross-section, as can be seen in particular from Fig. 6, but also from Figs. 7, 8 and 10.

[0076] The channels 190 are formed as openings or slots in the circuit board 100 and may have a widening section at the outer end for an inlet connection. The cross-sectional area of ​​a channel 190 is, for example, in a range of 0.5 to 150 mm 2 . Webs are formed between the openings 160, with the channels 190 extending into the webs, as can be seen particularly in Figs. 7 and 8. Furthermore, the circuit board 10 also has the opening(s) 160, which are preferably congruent with the opening(s) 160 in the die plate 91. The position at which the additional mass is supplied can be between the individual base mass strands 500, but also in the outer edge region with respect to the food 2.

[0077] The structuring device 180 further comprises a third section 110, in particular in the form of an outlet plate 110 with a plurality of outlet openings 28, as can be seen in particular, for example, in Figs. 7 and 8. These outlet openings 280 are connected to the respective channels 190 at the predetermined positions. This allows additional mass strands 90 to be generated, which also move in the flow direction. Furthermore, the third section or the outlet plate 110 also has at least one opening 160 for the at least one base mass strand 500 generated in the previous plates.

[0078] Through the outlet openings of the outlet plate 110, the elongated extension of the additional mass in the cross-section of the food can be generated in a defined manner.

[0079] The outlet plate 110 and the die plate 91 each lie tightly against the circuit board 100 in such a way that the channels 190 are sealed, as can be seen in particular in Fig. 10.

[0080] Optionally, a fourth section 120, in particular a mold plate 120, is provided, which also has at least one opening 160 for the at least one marbled base mass strand 500 produced in the previous plates, as well as a plurality of openings 270, via which the additional mass strands 90 can be recombined in order to thus produce larger contiguous areas.

[0081] As an alternative to the fourth section 120, a separation unit (not shown) can be provided which cuts off the emerging strands and thus, for example, bacon cube-like products can be produced.

[0082] Fig. 9 shows the top view of the extruded marbled base mass strands 500 and additional mass strands 90 after leaving the structuring device 180, i.e. here, for example, a third or fourth section or after leaving the outlet plate 110 or the mold plate 120. As can be seen, for example, in this exemplary embodiment, there are still cavities between the base mass strands 500 and the additional mass strands 90. Depending on the further processing of the extruded foodstuff 2, according to a preferred embodiment, viewed in the direction of flow, the housing 30 can then have an extrusion guide 130 after the structuring device, in particular after the third or fourth section, in which the base mass and additional mass strands can lie against one another without air inclusions, as shown in Figures 6, 7 and 10. The inner contour of the extrusion guide 130 essentially corresponds to the outer contour of the foodstuff 2.The extrusion guide 130 is designed either as a straight forming section with a substantially constant cross-sectional area or as a compressing forming section, such that the food is compressed and thus solidified from the outlet from the structuring device, ie here, for example, the third or fourth section.

[0083] The extrusion guide 130 can also be designed to diverge. Fig. 10 shows the structuring device 180 in the housing 30 in the assembled state, wherein it can be clearly seen that the individual plates 91, 100, 110, 120 are laid flat on top of one another and are fixed in the housing 30 by a clamping element 20. The pretension of the clamping element 20 ensures that the plates are sealed against one another and against the outside. Here, the extrusion guide 130 is part of the housing 30. The housing 30 can, for example, have a first housing section 30a in which the plates 91, 100, 110, 120 are arranged, wherein the plates and the extrusion guide 130 are fixed in the first housing section 30a by the clamping element 20. The housing parts, i.e. here the housing section 30a and the extrusion guide 130, can also be pressed together via the clamping element 20 in such a way that the housing is sealed to the outside.

[0084] The plates 91, 100, 110, 120 are arranged interchangeably in the housing 30. In this specific embodiment, by loosening the clamping element 20, the extrusion guide 130 can be removed from the housing section 30a and at least one plate of the plate set can be replaced. Thus, the structures in the food 2 can be varied in a simple manner. See also Fig. 6.

[0085] As can be seen in particular from Fig. 5, the device can comprise at least one device 16 for supplying the additional mass flow Z, e.g. a filling machine 400 with a hopper and a conveyor, which preferably has at least one filling flow divider 140 which divides an additional mass flow into a plurality of additional mass flows 9 in corresponding partial lines 150a to 150n, wherein the partial lines, e.g. in the form of hoses, are connected to the inlets 70. Corresponding filling flow dividers are known from the prior art and have respective metering elements 36a to 36n which generate a predetermined volume flow. Advantageously, the metering devices generate a volume flow that is the same in all partial lines 150a to 150n.By using the filling flow divider 140, the additional mass is forced into the channels 190 with different flow resistances and has a defined volume flow for each channel 190 that remains constant across all channels 190. This makes the system mass-independent. This also allows different plates to be used without the volume flow having to be adjusted with regard to different flow resistances in the channels. This also means that changing the masses and / or plates does not require any adjustment of the system by the operator. The use of a filling flow divider 140 can be dispensed with if the geometry of the individual channels 190 is defined such that the flow resistances are almost identical across all channels. This can be achieved, for example, through a simulative investigation.Alternatively, throttle valves can be provided for the respective inlets to adjust the flow rate. Otherwise, the additional mass 9 would be expelled primarily at points where the flow resistance is low.

[0086] As already mentioned, a filling machine can be designed for both the additional mass flow 5, which is fed to the nozzles 7, and the additional mass flow 9, which is fed to the inlets 70. For this purpose, one or more filling flow dividers can be provided.

[0087] It is also possible for the device 1 according to the invention, as shown, for example, in Fig. 1, to have a plurality of devices 13, 16 for supplying different additional masses to different inlets 70 and / or nozzles 7. Thus, different colors and other structures can also be produced by different additional masses 6, 9.

[0088] Advantageously, the ratio of the base mass flow 5 to the respective additional mass flows 9 is adjustable, e.g. via the volume flow set on the filling machine 300 or via the volume flow set on the filling machine 200 or 400 and the filling flow divider 14, 140. The volume flows of the marbled

[0089] The basic mass flow 50 and the individual additional mass flows 9 can preferably be adjusted such that the flow velocities of the generated basic mass strand 500 and the additional mass strands 90 in the housing are substantially the same.

[0090] An embodiment of a method according to the invention is explained in more detail below.

[0091] First, a specific number and position of the nozzles 7 are selected depending on the desired marbled structure and the base mass 5 and additional mass 6 used. A specific depth position P, i.e., the location at which the additional mass flow is injected, is also defined or optionally changed. Furthermore, a desired volume flow of the base mass 5, for example, in the filling machine 300, and a volume flow of the respective additional mass flows 6, for example, in the filling machine 200 and the filling flow divider 14, are defined. Alternatively, the corresponding aforementioned parameters may already have been defined in advance, and the parameters may be stored in a controller, for example, the machine control system of the filling machine.

[0092] To produce the food product 2, a base mass flow 5 is generated, which is conveyed, for example, by a filling machine 300 into the inlet 4 of the housing 3 of the device 1 according to the invention. The additional mass flow 6 is then injected into the base mass flow 6 via the selected nozzles 7, as previously described. Optionally, the base mass flow is swirled with the additional mass flows in the housing 3 via a dynamic mixer and / or a static mixer 11. The mixer speed is adjusted, in particular continuously, such that a desired structure is achieved.

[0093] The marbled base mass flow 50 is then optionally fed into the housing 30 via the outlet 8 of the housing 3. In a first section 91 of a structuring device 180, the at least one base mass strand 500 is generated by forcing the base mass flow through the opening(s) 160. Via a plurality of inlets 70, which are distributed in particular in a ring shape around the circumference of the housing 3, a plurality of additional mass flows are fed to a plurality of channels 190 formed in a second section 100. In a third section 110, the additional mass flows 9 can exit the channels 190 via corresponding outlet openings 280, thereby generating a plurality of additional mass strands. The outlet openings are preferably located in a plane that extends perpendicular to the flow direction in the structuring device 180. The mass strands 90 are preferably recombined in a fourth section 120.The resulting base mass strands and additional mass strands can subsequently be joined together in an extrusion guide 130 without creating any air pockets. As previously described, the sections 91, 100, 110, 120 are formed from a plurality of adjacent plates arranged one behind the other in the flow direction.

[0094] To create a new structure, these plates, or at least one of the plates, is replaced.

[0095] Following the device 1, the food product 2 can be transported away via a conveyor belt 23, for example, as shown in Fig. 5, and optionally cut into individual sections. However, it is also possible for the food product 2 to be ejected into a sausage casing or intestine. For this purpose, a filling tube can be arranged downstream of the device 1 in the flow direction, on which tube, for example, a sausage casing is gathered and the food product 2 is ejected into the intestine in a known manner. In this exemplary embodiment, a compressing extrusion guide 130 can then be dispensed with.

[0096] The present invention has been described in detail with the corresponding plates 91, 100, 110, 120. Alternatively, instead of the individual plates, a 3D-printed component with the corresponding first, second, and third (optionally fourth) sections can be used. It is also possible for the plates to be partially combined, i.e., for one plate to have multiple sections.

[0097] It is also possible to expand the plate arrangement (e.g. by adding a second circuit board), allowing 2 - n additional masses to be fed into the process. Different additional masses can also be injected by expanding the plate stack. The geometry of the plates with the corresponding openings depends on the customer and can be used both for structuring vegan meat alternatives and for shaping, for example, bear sausage, etc. Mashed potatoes, yogurt, cheese, etc. can be used as the base mass. Marinade, colored masses, or fat substitute mass can be used as additional mass, but the use of other pasty masses to produce defined patterns or shapes, such as ice cream products, dough products, or products from the dairy industry, is also possible.

[0098] Fig. 11 shows a roughly schematic cross-section through the food 2 produced with the embodiments described above. The basic mass 5 and the additional masses 6 and 9 can be clearly seen, which correspond to a realistic replica of a steak.

[0099] According to a further preferred embodiment, the position of the nozzles is automatically adjusted, for example, by means of controllable valves. According to a preferred embodiment, the depth position of the nozzles can also be adjusted automatically, for example, via a controllable adjustment mechanism.

[0100] The mixer speed can also be automatically adjusted depending on the volume flow and / or the resulting product image. For this purpose, an image recognition device can be provided that detects the marbled structure of a cross-section of the food 2 or the marbled base mass flow. The speed of the dynamic mixer 11 can then be changed until a desired structure is obtained. For this purpose, for example, the detected image can be compared with such an image and / or the speed can be adjusted using a control unit.

[0101] The previously described tool-free insertion of the nozzles 7 into the corresponding nozzle receptacles 12 can be carried out, for example, using the following mechanisms: bayonet lock, clamp connection, locking bolt, clamping lever, etc.

[0102] In summary, the above-described embodiments of the invention enable the following advantages:

[0103] - An automated continuous extrusion process for producing the marbled and textured food 2.

[0104] - Customer-specific marbling structures can be introduced through the nozzle position, number, depth, and geometry. A desired coarser structure can be introduced into the marbled base mass by selecting a specific structuring device, particularly specific plates. - The forced flow of the additional mass (with a fill flow divider) or the adjustment of the flow resistance (without a fill flow divider), e.g., via appropriate throttles, leads to a uniform discharge of the additional mass 6, 9 from the individual nozzles 7 or inlets 70, thus resulting in uniform individual strands.

[0105] - Initial, fine injection of the additional mass 6 - thus only low mechanical stress on the products is necessary to produce the marbling structure.

[0106] - Easy attachment of the nozzles 7 to nozzle holders located on the circumference of the housing 3.

[0107] - Flexible system and associated great process freedom.

[0108] - Use of pasty, flowable, but also viscous, pumpable masses possible.

[0109] - The speed of the dynamic mixer 11 can be adjusted to adjust the fineness of the marbling. Alternatively, additional or standalone static mixers 3 can be installed in the housing.

[0110] - Hygienic components that allow easy cleaning.

[0111] - Robustness of the individual parts

[0112] -realistic replica of meat substitute products.

Claims

Claims 1. Device (1) for producing marbled and structured foodstuffs (2), in particular meat substitutes, comprising: a first housing (3) with an inlet (4) for a base mass flow (5), at least one, in particular several nozzles (7a, 7b, 7c) for injecting one or more additional mass flows (6) into the base mass flow (5) and an outlet (8) for the marbled base mass flow (5), which has a marbled structure of the additional mass in the base mass, and a second housing (30), with an inlet (40) for the marbled base mass flow (50) and an outlet for the structured foodstuff (2) and with a structuring device (180) for producing a defined structure of a further additional mass in the marbled base mass flow, wherein the structuring device (180) comprises: at least one opening (160) for the marbled base mass flow (50) for producing at least one base mass strand (500) and several Inlets (70a, 70b,70c) for further additional mass flows (9) for generating several additional mass strands (90)., 2. Device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the structuring device (180) has a first section (91) in which the at least one opening (160) is arranged and a second section (100) with a plurality of channels (190) which are connected to inlets (70) for the respective additional mass flows (9) and guide the additional mass flow (9) to a respective predetermined position of the housing cross-section and a third section (110) with a plurality of outlet openings (280) which are connected to the respective channels (190) in order to produce the plurality of additional mass strands (90).

3. Device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the device also has a fourth section (120) with a plurality of openings (270) via which the additional mass strands (90) can be recombined.

4. Device (1) according to at least one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, viewed in the direction of flow, the second housing (3) after the structuring device (18) has an extrusion guide (130) in which the marbled base and additional mass strands are placed against one another, wherein preferably the inner contour of the extrusion guide (130) essentially corresponds to the outer contour of the food (2) and which is designed either as a straight forming section with an essentially constant cross-sectional area or as a compressing forming section, such that the food (2) is compressed after exiting the structuring device (180).

5. Device (1) according to at least one of claims 3 to 4, characterized in that the sections (91, 100, 110, 120) are designed in the form of several adjacent plates arranged one behind the other in the flow direction, which are preferably arranged interchangeably in the second housing (30).

6. Device (1) according to at least one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the nozzles (7a, 7b, 7c) protrude into the first housing (3) in such a way that the additional mass flows (6) can be introduced into the base mass flow at different points, wherein the nozzles (7a, 7b, 7c) protrude into the housing (3) in particular at different depths and / or from different sides of the housing and are in particular flowed around by the base mass flow.

7. Device (1) according to at least one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the device has a static and / or a dynamic mixer (11), which is preferably arranged downstream of the nozzles (7a, 7b, 7c) and in front of the second housing (30) in order to swirl the additional mass flows (6).

8. Device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that there are 2-24 nozzles and in particular 2-24 nozzle receptacles and / or the outlet area of ​​the individual nozzles in a range of 0.2-25mm 2 lies.

9. Device (1) according to at least one of claims 1-8, characterized in that in the structuring device (180) in the second housing (30) the at least one opening (160) for producing the at least one matrix strand (500) has a cross-sectional area which is larger than the cross-sectional area of ​​the respective outlet openings (280) for producing an additional mass strand (90) and in particular the cross-sectional area of ​​the respective outlet openings (280) for producing an additional mass strand (90) is larger than the outlet area of ​​the respective nozzles (7a, 7b, 7c) in the first housing.

10. Device (1) according to at least one of claims 1-9, characterized in that the at least one opening (160) for producing the at least one matrix strand (500) each has a cross-sectional area in a range of 3 - 400 cm 2 and the channels (190) preferably have a cross-sectional area in a range of 0.5 to 150 mm 2 have.

11. Device (1) according to at least one of claims 1-10, characterized in that the device (1) comprises at least one device (13) for supplying the additional mass flows (6, 9) for the first and / or second housing, which device preferably has at least one filling flow divider (14) which divides an additional mass flow into a plurality of additional mass flows (6) in corresponding partial lines (15 a, 15 b, 15 n, 150 a, 150 b, 150 c), wherein the partial lines (15 a, 15 b, 15 n) 150 a, 150 b, 150 c) are connected to the nozzles (7 a, 7 b, 7 c) and / or the inlets (70 a, 70 b 70 c)).

12. Filling machine (300) with a device (1) for producing marbled and structured food (2) according to at least one of claims 1-11, wherein the filling machine has a hopper (17), a conveyor (18) and an outlet (19) which is connected to the inlet (4) of the first housing (3).

13. Filling machine according to claim 12, characterized in that the ratio of the base mass flow (5) which is fed to the first housing (3) to the respective additional mass flows (6) which are fed to the nozzles (7a, 7b, 7c) in the first housing (3) is adjustable and in particular the ratio of the base mass flow (5) which is fed to the first housing (3) to the respective additional mass flows (9) which are fed to the feeds (70a, 70b, 70c) in the second housing (30) is adjustable.

14. A method for producing marbled structured foodstuffs (2), in particular with a filling machine (100) according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that a base mass flow (5) is generated through a first housing (3) and a plurality of additional mass flows (6) are injected into the base mass flow (5) via respective nozzles (7a, 7b, 7c) and the base mass flow (50) marbled with the additional mass flows is guided into a second housing (30) in a structuring device (180) through at least one opening (160), whereby at least one base mass strand (500) is produced and further additional mass flows (9) are fed to a plurality of inlets (70a, 70b, 70c) in the second housing, whereby a plurality of additional mass strands (90) are produced.

15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that, viewed in the direction of flow after the structuring device (180), the base and additional mass strands are placed against one another in an extrusion guide (130).

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