Communication method for spatially related beams and communication apparatus
The communication method addresses beam misalignment issues by utilizing spatial adjacency between beams, enhancing alignment efficiency and reducing overhead in beam management procedures.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/084766
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-03-29
- Publication Date
- 2025-12-26
AI Technical Summary
Beam misalignment between user equipment (UE) and a base station due to movement can reduce received signal power, and existing beam management methods increase overhead by using time and frequency resources for beam sweeping.
Implement a communication method that utilizes spatial adjacency properties between beams, allowing beam management procedures to be performed based on spatially adjacent beams instead of all beams, reducing overhead and improving alignment efficiency.
The method enhances beam alignment with lower overhead by identifying spatially adjacent beams, improving beam management efficiency and reducing resource consumption.
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Figure CN2024084766_26122025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
COMMUNICATION METHOD FOR SPATIALLY RELATED BEAMS AND COMMUNICATION APPARATUSTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] Embodiments of the present application relate to the field of communications, and more specifically, to a communication method for spatially related beams and a communication apparatus. The communication method and the communication apparatus may be used for a downlink transmission, a sidelink transmission, or an uplink transmission. For example, the communication method and the communication apparatus may be used for beam management procedures.BACKGROUND
[0002] A beam is designed to point to a certain direction, and a movement of a user equipment (UE) or a base station may cause beam misalignment between the base station and the UE. Such beam misalignment may reduce received signal power. To restore beam alignment, the base station or the UE may sweep beams to obtain the best beam for communication. However, this is performed by using time and frequency resources that can increase beam management overhead.SUMMARY
[0003] Embodiments of the present application provide a communication method for spatially related beams and a communication apparatus. The application provides spatial adjacency property between beams, which may decrease overhead for beam measurement.
[0004] According to a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication method, and the method may be performed by a communication device (for example, a base station or a user equipment (UE) ) , or be performed by a chip, a module, a chipset, a circuit, or a processing system configured in the communication device. The method includes: receiving a signal transmitted on a first beam; receiving first information indicating the first beam is spatially adjacent to one or more second beams; and, performing a beam management procedure based on the first information.
[0005] According to the above technical solution, a communication apparatus may perform a beam management procedure based on spatially adjacent beams. Specifically, the communication apparatus receives the first information indicating the first beam is spatially adjacent to one or more second beams, then the communication apparatus may perform the beam management procedure based on spatially adjacent beams (that is the first beam and the one or more second beams, or the one or more second beams) instead of all beams, which can provide better beam alignment with lower overhead, and reduce the overhead in the beam management procedure.
[0006] In a possible design, wherein the first beam is spatially adjacent to the one or more second beams in azimuth and / or elevation.
[0007] In a possible design, wherein the method further comprises: receiving second information indicating the first beam is spatially adjacent to the one or more second beams in azimuth and / or elevation.
[0008] In a possible design, wherein a distance between coverage areas of the first beam and the one or more second beams is less than a first threshold; and / or, a difference between angle of departures (AODs) of the first beam and the one or more second beams is less than a second threshold.
[0009] According to the above technical solution, if the distance between coverage areas of the first beam and the one or more second beams is less than the first threshold, the first beam and the one or more second beams are spatially adjacent. Or if the difference between AODs of the first beam and the one or more second beams is less than the second threshold, the first beam and the one or more second beams are spatially adjacent.
[0010] In a possible design, wherein the method further comprises: transmitting movement information of a first apparatus that receives the signal, the movement information is used for determining the first information.
[0011] According to the above technical solution, beams used for the beam management procedure and spatially adjacent to the first beam can be determined based on moving direction of the first apparatus. This can further improve efficiency of the beam management procedure.
[0012] In a possible design, wherein the beam management procedure includes one or more of: beam sweeping, beam tracking, beam measurement and reporting, beam prediction, beam switching, beam failure detection, and beam failure recovery.
[0013] In a possible design, wherein the performing beam management procedure based on the first information comprises one or more of the following: performing beam sweeping on the one or more second beams; performing beam measurements on the one or more second beams; and, determining whether the first beam fails based on measuring the one or more second beams and the first beam.
[0014] In a possible design, wherein the first information is carried on a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) and / or control information.
[0015] In a possible design, wherein the first information comprises: a first beam index, and / or, one or more second beam indices.
[0016] According to the above technical solution, a communication apparatus may determine which beams are spatially adjacent based on beams indices.
[0017] In a possible design, wherein the method further comprises: receiving third information indicating a spatially adjacent level between the first beam and the one or more second beams.
[0018] According to a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication method, and the method may be performed by a communication device (for example, a base station or a user equipment (UE) ) , or be performed by a chip, a module, a chipset, a circuit, or a processing system configured in the communication device. The method includes: transmitting a signal on a first beam; and, transmitting first information indicating the first beam is spatially adjacent to one or more second beams, the first information is used for performing a beam management procedure.
[0019] In a possible design, wherein the first beam is spatially adjacent to the one or more second beams in azimuth and / or elevation.
[0020] In a possible design, wherein the method further comprises: transmitting second information indicating the first beam is spatially adjacent to the one or more second beams in azimuth and / or elevation.
[0021] In a possible design, wherein a distance between coverage areas of the first beam and the one or more second beams is less than a first threshold; and / or, a difference between angle of departures (AODs) of the first beam and the one or more second beams is less than a second threshold.
[0022] In a possible design, wherein the method further comprises: receiving movement information of a first apparatus that receives the signal, the movement information is used for determining the first information.
[0023] In a possible design, wherein the beam management procedure includes one or more of: beam sweeping, beam tracking, beam measurement and reporting, beam prediction, beam switching, beam failure detection, and beam failure recovery.
[0024] In a possible design, wherein the first information is carried on a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) and / or control information.
[0025] In a possible design, wherein the first information comprises: a first beam index, and / or, one or more second beam indices.
[0026] In a possible design, wherein the method further comprises: transmitting third information indicating a spatially adjacent level between the first beam and the one or more second beams.
[0027] According to a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication method, and the method may be performed by a communication device (for example, a base station or a user equipment (UE) ) , or be performed by a chip, a module, a chipset, a circuit, or a processing system configured in the communication device. The method includes: transmitting request information, the request information is used for triggering a serving beam tuning; and measuring a signal for the serving beam tuning, wherein one or more transmit beams of the signal and / or one or more receive beams of the signal are spatially adjacent to the serving beam.
[0028] In a possible design, wherein the method further comprises: tuning the serving beam based on measurements of the signal.
[0029] In a possible design, wherein transmitting the request information, comprises: in one or more of the following cases, transmitting the request information: determining a first apparatus moves; determining a second apparatus moves; determining signal quality degrades; wherein the first apparatus and the second are communicate by the serving beam.
[0030] In a possible design, wherein the beam tuning is obtained by changing angle of arrival (AOA) and / or angle of departure (AOD) .
[0031] In a possible design, wherein the request information is carried on control information.
[0032] In a possible design, wherein the method further comprises: receiving or transmitting the signal for measuring the signal.
[0033] According to a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication method, and the method may be performed by a communication device (for example, a base station or a user equipment (UE) ) , or be performed by a chip, a module, a chipset, a circuit, or a processing system configured in the communication device. The method includes: receiving request information, the request information is used for triggering a serving beam tuning; and measuring a signal for the serving beam tuning, wherein one or more transmit beams of the signal and / or one or more receive beams of the signal are spatially adjacent to the serving beam.
[0034] In a possible design, wherein the method further comprises: tuning the serving beam based on measurements of the signal.
[0035] In a possible design, wherein the beam tuning is obtained by changing angle of arrival (AOA) and / or angle of departure (AOD) .
[0036] In a possible design, wherein the request information is carried on control information.
[0037] In a possible design, herein the method further comprises: receiving or transmitting the signal for measuring the signal.
[0038] Various implementations of the second aspect to the fourth aspect correspond to various implementations of the first aspect. For the various implementations and the beneficial technical effects of the various implementations of the second aspect to the fourth aspect, reference may be made to the descriptions of the relevant implementations of the first aspect, which will not be repeated here.
[0039] According to a fifth aspect, a communication apparatus is provided, and configured to perform the method in any possible implementation of the foregoing aspects. Specifically, the apparatus includes a unit configured to perform the method in any possible implementation of the foregoing aspects.
[0040] According to a sixth aspect, another communication apparatus is provided, including a processor. The processor be configured to execute one or more instructions, to implement the method in any possible implementation of the various aspects.
[0041] The processor may be coupled to the memory. The memory may be an on-chip storage unit inside the processor, or may be an off-chip storage unit that is, coupled to the memory and located outside the processor. In a possible implementation, the apparatus further includes the memory. In a possible implementation, the apparatus further includes a communication interface, and the processor is coupled to the communication interface.
[0042] In a possible design, the communication apparatus may be a UE, may be a chip, a circuit, or a processing system configured in the UE, or may be a device including the UE.
[0043] In a possible design, the communication apparatus may be a base station, may be a chip, a circuit, or a processing system configured in the base station s, or may be a device including the base station.
[0044] According to a seventh aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided. The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a communication apparatus, the communication apparatus is enabled to implement the method in any possible implementation of the foregoing aspects.
[0045] According to an eighth aspect, a computer program product including one or more instructions is provided. When the instructions are executed by a computer, a communication apparatus is enabled to implement the method in any possible implementation of the foregoing aspects.
[0046] According to a ninth aspect, a computer program is provided. When the computer program is executed by a computer, a communication apparatus is enabled to implement the method in any possible implementation of the foregoing aspects.
[0047] According to a tenth aspect, a communication system is provided. The communication system includes a first communication apparatus and / or a second communication apparatus, the first communication apparatus is configured to perform the method in any possible implementation of the first aspect, and the second communication apparatus is configured to perform the method in any possible implementation of the second aspect.
[0048] According to an eleventh aspect, an apparatus for implementing the method in any possible implementation of the foregoing aspects is provided.DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0049] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario according to this application;
[0050] FIG. 2 illustrates an example communication system 100;
[0051] FIG. 3 illustrates another example of an ED 110 and a base station 170a, 170b and / or 170c;
[0052] FIG. 4 is an example of units or modules in a device;
[0053] FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method 500 according to an embodiment of this application;
[0054] FIG. 6 is an example that beams are spatially adjacent according to this application;
[0055] FIG. 7 is an example that a first apparatus moves according to this application;
[0056] FIG. 8 is a schematic interaction diagram of a communication method applicable to an embodiment of this application;
[0057] FIG. 9 is a schematic block diagram of a communication apparatus according to an embodiment of this application;
[0058] FIG. 10 is a schematic block diagram of another communication apparatus according to an embodiment of this application.DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
[0059] The following describes technical solutions of the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0060] The technical solutions in embodiments of this application may be applied to various communication systems, such as a fifth generation (5G) wireless communication system, a new ratio (NR) wireless communication system, a Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, an LTE frequency division duplex (FDD) system, an LTE time division duplex (TDD) system, a wireless local area network (WLAN) , a satellite communication system, a device to device (D2D) communication system, a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication system, a machine to machine (M2M) communication system, a machine type communication (MTC) communication system, an internet of things (IoT) communication system, or other evolving communication systems, such as a sixth generation (6G) wireless communication system. And the technical solutions in embodiments of this application may also be applied to beam-related communication scenarios, e.g., centimeter wave communication and millimeter wave communication.
[0061] For ease of understanding of the embodiments of this application, a communication system shown in FIG. 1-FIG. 4 is used as an example to describe in detail a communication system to which the embodiments of this application are applicable.
[0062] Referring to FIG. 1, as an illustrative example without limitation, a simplified schematic illustration of a communication system is provided. The communication system 100 includes a radio access network 120. The radio access network 120 may be a next generation (e.g. sixth generation (6G) or later) radio access network, or a legacy (e.g. 5G, 4G, 3G or 2G) radio access network. One or more communication electronic devices (ED) 110a-110j (generically referred to as ED 110) may be interconnected to one another or connected to one or more network nodes (170a, 170b, generically referred to as 170) in the radio access network 120. A core network 130 may be a part of the communication system and may be dependent or independent of the radio access technology used in the communication system 100. Also, the communication system 100 includes a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160.
[0063] Referring to FIG. 2, an example communication system 100 is illustrated. In general, the communication system 100 enables multiple wireless or wired elements to communicate data and other content. The purpose of the communication system 100 may be to provide content, such as voice, data, video, and / or text, via broadcast, multicast and unicast, etc. The communication system 100 may operate by sharing resources, such as carrier spectrum bandwidth, between its constituent elements. The communication system 100 may include a terrestrial communication system and / or a non-terrestrial communication system. The communication system 100 may provide a wide range of communication services and applications (such as earth monitoring, remote sensing, passive sensing and positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility, etc. ) . The communication system 100 may provide a high degree of availability and robustness through a joint operation of the terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system. For example, integrating a non-terrestrial communication system (or components thereof) into a terrestrial communication system can result in what may be considered a heterogeneous network including multiple layers. Compared to conventional communication networks, the heterogeneous network may achieve better overall performance through efficient multi-link joint operation, more flexible functionality sharing, and faster physical layer link switching between terrestrial networks and non-terrestrial networks.
[0064] The terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system may be considered sub-systems of the communication system. In the example shown, the communication system 100 includes electronic devices (ED) 110a-110d (generically referred to as ED 110) , radio access networks (RANs) 120a-120b, non-terrestrial communication network 120c, a core network 130, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160. The RANs 120a-120b include respective base stations (BSs) 170a-170b, which may be generically referred to as terrestrial transmit and receive points (T-TRPs) 170a-170b. The non-terrestrial communication network 120c includes an access node 120c, which may be generically referred to as a non-terrestrial transmit and receive point (NT-TRP) 172.
[0065] Any ED 110 may be alternatively or additionally configured to interface, access, or communicate with any other T-TRP 170a-170b and NT-TRP 172, the Internet 150, the core network 130, the PSTN 140, the other networks 160, or any combination of the preceding. In some examples, ED 110a may communicate an uplink and / or downlink transmission over an interface 190a with T-TRP 170a. In some examples, the EDs 110a, 110b and 110d may also communicate directly with one another via one or more sidelink air interfaces 190b. In some examples, ED 110d may communicate an uplink and / or downlink transmission over an interface 190c with NT-TRP 172.
[0066] The air interfaces 190a and 190b may use similar communication technology, such as any suitable radio access technology. For example, the communication system 100 may implement one or more channel access methods, such as code division multiple access (CDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) , or single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) in the air interfaces 190a and 190b. The air interfaces 190a and 190b may utilize other higher dimension signal spaces, which may involve a combination of orthogonal and / or non-orthogonal dimensions.
[0067] The air interface 190c can enable communication between the ED 110d and one or multiple NT-TRPs 172 via a wireless link or simply a link. For some examples, the link is a dedicated connection for unicast transmission, a connection for broadcast transmission, or a connection between a group of EDs and one or multiple NT-TRPs for multicast transmission.
[0068] The RANs 120a and 120b are in communication with the core network 130 to provide the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c with various services such as voice, data, and other services. The RANs 120a and 120b and / or the core network 130 may be in direct or indirect communication with one or more other RANs (not shown) , which may or may not be directly served by core network 130, and may or may not employ the same radio access technology as RAN 120a, RAN 120b or both. The core network 130 may also serve as a gateway access between (i) the RANs 120a and 120b or EDs 110a 110b, and 110c or both, and (ii) other networks (such as the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and the other networks 160) . In addition, some or all of the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may include functionality for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links using different wireless technologies and / or protocols. Instead of wireless communication (or in addition thereto) , the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may communicate via wired communication channels to a service provider or switch (not shown) , and to the Internet 150. PSTN 140 may include circuit switched telephone networks for providing plain old telephone service (POTS) . Internet 150 may include a network of computers and subnets (intranets) or both, and incorporate protocols, such as Internet Protocol (IP) , Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) , and User Datagram Protocol (UDP) . EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may be multimode devices capable of operation according to multiple radio access technologies, and incorporate multiple transceivers necessary to support such.
[0069] Referring to FIG. 3, an example of an ED 110 and a base station 170a, 170b and / or 170c is illustrated. The ED 110 is used to connect persons, objects, machines, etc. The ED 110 may be widely used in various scenarios, for example, cellular communications, device-to-device (D2D) , vehicle to everything (V2X) , peer-to-peer (P2P) , machine-to-machine (M2M) , machine-type communications (MTC) , internet of things (IOT) , virtual reality (VR) , augmented reality (AR) , industrial control, self-driving, remote medical, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearable, smart transportation, smart city, drones, robots, remote sensing, passive sensing, positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility, etc.
[0070] Each ED 110 represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include such devices (or may be referred to) as a user equipment / device (UE) , a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a cellular telephone, a station (STA) , a machine type communication (MTC) device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a smartphone, a laptop, a computer, a tablet, a wireless sensor, a consumer electronics device, a smart book, a vehicle, a car, a truck, a bus, a train, or an IoT device, an industrial device, or an apparatus (e.g. a communication module, a modem, or a chip) in the forgoing devices, among other possibilities. Future generation EDs 110 may be referred to as other terms. The base station 170a and 170b is a T-TRP and will hereafter be referred to as T-TRP 170. Also, as shown in FIG. 3, an NT-TRP will hereafter be referred to as NT-TRP 172. Each ED 110 connected to T-TRP 170 and / or NT-TRP 172 can be dynamically or semi-statically turned on (i.e., established, activated, or enabled) , turned off (i.e., released, deactivated, or disabled) and / or configured in response to one or more of: connection availability or connection necessity.
[0071] The ED 110 includes a transmitter 201 and a receiver 203 coupled to one or more antennas 204. Only one antenna 204 is illustrated. One, some, or all of the antennas may alternatively be panels. The transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may be integrated, e.g. as a transceiver. The transceiver is configured to modulate data or other content for transmission by at least one antenna 204 or network interface controller (NIC) . The transceiver is also configured to demodulate data or other content received by the at least one antenna 204. Each transceiver includes any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless or wired transmission and / or processing signals received wirelessly or by wire. Each antenna 204 includes any suitable structure for transmitting and / or receiving wireless or wired signals.
[0072] The ED 110 includes at least one memory 208. The memory 208 stores instructions and data used, generated, or collected by the ED 110. For example, the memory 208 may store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionality and / or embodiments described herein and that are executed by the processing unit (s) 210. Each memory 208 includes any suitable volatile and / or non-volatile storage and retrieval device (s) . Any suitable type of memory may be used, such as random access memory (RAM) , read only memory (ROM) , hard disk, optical disc, subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory stick, secure digital (SD) memory card, on-processor cache, and the like.
[0073] The ED 110 may further include one or more input / output devices (not shown) or interfaces (such as a wired interface to the Internet 150 in FIG. 1) . The input / output devices permit interaction with a user or other devices in the network. Each input / output device includes any suitable structure for providing information to or receiving information from a user, such as a speaker, microphone, keypad, keyboard, display, or touch screen, including network interface communications.
[0074] The ED 110 further includes a processor 210 for performing operations including those related to preparing a transmission for uplink transmission to the NT-TRP 172 and / or T-TRP 170, those related to processing downlink transmissions received from the NT-TRP 172 and / or T-TRP 170, and those related to processing sidelink transmissions to and from another ED 110. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for uplink transmission may include operations such as encoding, modulating, transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing downlink transmissions may include operations such as receive beamforming, demodulating and decoding received symbols. Depending upon the embodiment, a downlink transmission may be received by the receiver 203, possibly using receive beamforming, and the processor 210 may extract signaling from the downlink transmission (e.g. by detecting and / or decoding the signaling) . An example of signaling may be reference signals transmitted by NT-TRP 172 and / or T-TRP 170. In some embodiments, the processor 276 implements the transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming based on the indication of beam direction, e.g. beam angle information (BAI) , received from T-TRP 170. In some embodiments, the processor 210 may perform operations related to network access (e.g. initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, such as operations related to detecting a synchronization sequence, decoding and obtaining the system information, etc. In some embodiments, the processor 210 may perform channel estimation, e.g. using reference signals received from the NT-TRP 172 and / or T-TRP 170.
[0075] Although not illustrated, the processor 210 may form part of the transmitter 201 and / or receiver 203. Although not illustrated, the memory 208 may form part of the processor 210.
[0076] The processor 210, and the processing components of the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may each be implemented by the same or different one or more processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory (e.g. in memory 208) . Alternatively, some or all of the processor 210, and the processing components of the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may be implemented using dedicated circuitry, such as a programmed field-programmable gate array (FPGA) , a graphical processing unit (GPU) , or an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) .
[0077] The T-TRP 170 may be known by other names in some implementations, such as a base station, a base transceiver station (BTS) , a radio base station, a network node, a network device, a device on the network side, a transmit / receive node, a Node B, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a Home eNodeB, a next Generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission point (TP) , a site controller, an access point (AP) , or a wireless router, a relay station, a remote radio head, a terrestrial node, a terrestrial network device, or a terrestrial base station, base band unit (BBU) , remote radio unit (RRU) , radio unit (RU) , active antenna unit (AAU) , remote radio head (RRH) , central unit (CU) , distribute unit (DU) , positioning node, among other possibilities. The T-TRP 170 may be macro BSs, pico BSs, relay node, donor node, or the like, or combinations thereof. The T-TRP 170 may refer to the foregoing devices or apparatus (e.g. a communication module, a modem, or a chip) in the foregoing devices.
[0078] The CU (or CU-control plane (CP) and CU-user plane (UP) ) , DU or RU may be known by other names in some implementations. For example, in an open RAN (ORAN) system, the CU may also be referred to as open CU (O-CU) , DU may also be referred to as open DU (O-DU) , CU-CP may also be referred to open CU-CP (O-CU-CP) , CU-UP may also be referred to as open CU-UP (O-CU-CP) , and RU may also be referred to open RU (O-RU) . Any one of the CU (or CU-CP, CU-UP) , DU, or RU may be implemented through a software module, a hardware module, or a combination of software and hardware modules.
[0079] In some embodiments, the parts of the T-TRP 170 may be distributed. For example, some of the modules of the T-TRP 170 may be located remotely from the equipment housing the antennas of the T-TRP 170, and may be coupled to the equipment housing the antennas over a communication link (not shown) sometimes known as front haul, such as a common public radio interface (CPRI) . Therefore, in some embodiments, the term T-TRP 170 may also refer to modules on the network side that perform processing operations, such as determining the location of the ED 110, resource allocation (scheduling) , message generation, and encoding / decoding, and that are not necessarily part of the equipment housing the antennas of the T-TRP 170. The modules may also be coupled to other T-TRPs. In some embodiments, the T-TRP 170 may actually be a plurality of T-TRPs that are operating together to serve the ED 110, e.g. through coordinated multipoint transmissions.
[0080] The T-TRP 170 includes at least one transmitter 252 and at least one receiver 254 coupled to one or more antennas 256. Only one antenna 256 is illustrated. One, some, or all of the antennas may alternatively be panels. The transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 may be integrated as a transceiver. The T-TRP 170 further includes a processor 260 for performing operations including those related to: preparing a transmission for downlink transmission to the ED 110, processing an uplink transmission received from the ED 110, preparing a transmission for backhaul transmission to NT-TRP 172, and processing a transmission received over backhaul from the NT-TRP 172. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for downlink or backhaul transmission may include operations such as encoding, modulating, precoding (e.g. MIMO precoding) , transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing received transmissions in the uplink or over backhaul may include operations such as receive beamforming, and demodulating and decoding received symbols. The processor 260 may also perform operations related to network access (e.g. initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, such as generating the content of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , generating the system information, etc. In some embodiments, the processor 260 also generates the indication of beam direction, e.g. BAI, which may be scheduled for transmission by a scheduler 253. The processor 260 performs other network-side processing operations described herein, such as determining the location of the ED 110, determining where to deploy NT-TRP 172, etc. In some embodiments, the processor 260 may generate signaling, e.g. to configure one or more parameters of the ED 110 and / or one or more parameters of the NT-TRP 172. Any signaling generated by the processor 260 is sent by the transmitter 252. Note that “signaling” , as used herein, may alternatively be called control signaling. Dynamic signaling may be transmitted in a control channel, e.g. a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) , and static or semi-static higher layer signaling may be included in a packet transmitted in a data channel, e.g. in a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) .
[0081] The scheduler 253 may be coupled to the processor 260. The scheduler 253 may be included within or operated separately from the T-TRP 170, which may schedule uplink, downlink, and / or backhaul transmissions, including issuing scheduling grants and / or configuring scheduling-free ( “configured grant” ) resources. The T-TRP 170 further includes a memory 258 for storing information and data. The memory 258 stores instructions and data used, generated, or collected by the T-TRP 170. For example, the memory 258 may store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionality and / or embodiments described herein and executed by the processor 260.
[0082] Although not illustrated, the processor 260 may form part of the transmitter 252 and / or the receiver 254. Also, although not illustrated, the processor 260 may implement the scheduler 253. Although not illustrated, the memory 258 may form part of the processor 260.
[0083] The processor 260, the scheduler 253, and the processing components of the transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 may each be implemented by the same or different one or more processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory, e.g. in memory 258. Alternatively, some or all of the processor 260, the scheduler 253, and the processing components of the transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 may be implemented using dedicated circuitry, such as an FPGA, a GPU, or an ASIC.
[0084] The NT-TRP 172 is illustrated as a drone only as an example. The NT-TRP 172 may be implemented in any suitable non-terrestrial form. Also, the NT-TRP 172 may be known by other names in some implementations, such as a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, or a non-terrestrial base station. The NT-TRP 172 includes a transmitter 272 and a receiver 274 coupled to one or more antennas 280. Only one antenna 280 is illustrated. One, some, or all of the antennas may alternatively be panels. The transmitter 272 and the receiver 274 may be integrated as a transceiver. The NT-TRP 172 further includes a processor 276 for performing operations including those related to: preparing a transmission for downlink transmission to the ED 110, processing an uplink transmission received from the ED 110, preparing a transmission for backhaul transmission to T-TRP 170, and processing a transmission received over backhaul from the T-TRP 170. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for downlink or backhaul transmission may include operations such as encoding, modulating, precoding (e.g. MIMO precoding) , transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing received transmissions in the uplink or over backhaul may include operations such as receive beamforming, and demodulating and decoding received symbols. In some embodiments, the processor 276 implements the transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming based on beam direction information (e.g. BAI) received from T-TRP 170. In some embodiments, the processor 276 may generate signaling, e.g. to configure one or more parameters of the ED 110. In some embodiments, the NT-TRP 172 implements physical layer processing, but does not implement higher layer functions such as functions at the medium access control (MAC) or radio link control (RLC) layer. As this is only an example, more generally, the NT-TRP 172 may implement higher layer functions in addition to physical layer processing.
[0085] The NT-TRP 172 further includes a memory 278 for storing information and data. Although not illustrated, the processor 276 may form part of the transmitter 272 and / or receiver 274. Although not illustrated, the memory 278 may form part of the processor 276.
[0086] The processor 276 and the processing components of the transmitter 272 and the receiver 274 may each be implemented by the same or different one or more processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory, e.g. in memory 278. Alternatively, some or all of the processor 276 and the processing components of the transmitter 272 and the receiver 274 may be implemented using dedicated circuitry, such as a programmed FPGA, a GPU, or an ASIC. In some embodiments, the NT-TRP 172 may actually be a plurality of NT-TRPs that are operating together to serve the ED 110, e.g. through coordinated multipoint transmissions.
[0087] The T-TRP 170, the NT-TRP 172, and / or the ED 110 may include other components, but these have been omitted for the sake of clarity.
[0088] One or more steps of the embodiment methods provided herein may be performed by corresponding units or modules, according to FIG. 4.
[0089] Referring to FIG. 4, as an illustrative example of units or modules in a device, such as in the ED 110, in the T-TRP 170, or in the NT-TRP 172. For example, a signal may be transmitted by a transmitting unit or a transmitting module. For example, a signal may be transmitted by a transmitting unit or a transmitting module. A signal may be received by a receiving unit or a receiving module. A signal may be processed by a processing unit or a processing module. Other steps may be performed by an artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) module. The respective units or modules may be implemented using hardware, one or more components or devices that execute software, or a combination thereof. For instance, one or more of the units or modules may be an integrated circuit, such as a programmed FPGA, a GPU, or an ASIC. It will be appreciated that where the modules are implemented using software for execution by a processor for example, they may be retrieved by a processor, in whole or part as needed, individually or together for processing, in single or multiple instances, and that the modules themselves may include instructions for further deployment and instantiation.
[0090] Additional details regarding the EDs 110, T-TRP 170, and NT-TRP 172 are known to those of skill in the art. As such, these details are omitted here.
[0091] Hereafter, a base station is used as an example of T-TRP 170 or NT-TRP 172, and the UE is used as an example of ED 110. However, limitation is not made herein.
[0092] For ease of understanding of the embodiments of this application, the following briefly describes several terms used in this application.
[0093] 1) Beam
[0094] Beam also can be expressed as a spatial filter or spatial parameters correspondingly. A beam can be formed by performing amplitude and / or phase weighting on data transmitted or received by at least one antenna port, or can be formed by using another method: for example, adjusting a related parameter of an antenna unit. The beam may include a transmit beam (Tx beam) and / or a receive beam (Rx beam) . A beam used to transmit a signal may be referred to as a Tx beam, and can be expressed as a spatial domain transmit filter, or spatial transmit parameters correspondingly. The transmit beam indicates distribution of signal strength formed in different directions in space after a signal is transmitted through an antenna port. A beam used to receive a signal may be referred to as a Rx beam, and can be expressed as a spatial domain receive filter, or spatial receive parameters. The receive beam indicates distribution of signal strength that is of a wireless signal received from an antenna port and that is in different directions in space. The beam information may be a beam identifier, or antenna port (s) identifier, or channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) resource identifier, or synchronization signal block (SSB) resource identifier, or sounding reference signal (SRS) resource identifier, or other reference signal resource identifiers. The beam may be characterized by its angles, angle-of-arrival and angle-of departure.
[0095] 2) Beam management
[0096] Beam management procedures include the mechanisms that can provide and maintain beams that can be used for the communication link to provide a beamforming gain. Such mechanisms should facilitate agile beam recovery and autonomously track, refine and adjust beams. Beam management mainly includes one or more of the following: beam sweeping, beam tracking, beam measurement and reporting, beam prediction, beam switching, beam failure detection (BFD) , beam failure recovery (BFR) , and the like.
[0097] 3) Beam sweeping
[0098] A base station may sequentially transmit signals by using beams of different directions, and search for an optimal transmit beam (e.g., provides the highest received power) aligned with a UE by traversing and sweeping all beams. When performing beam sweeping via beams, the transmitter sends reference signals via the beams in different directions while the receiver searches via beams for reference signals transmitted by the transmitter, also in a number of different directions. Examples of a type of reference signal that is transmitted by a base station, may be a CSI-RS, SSB or a positioning reference signal (PRS) . An example of a type of reference signal that may be transmitted by a UE may be an SRS. Beam sweeping overhead involves a number of beam pairs (a transmit beam and a receive beam forming a beam pair) that are searched in order to find one or more beam pairs that have preferred characteristics (e.g., best signal strength) for data communication between the transmitter and receiver. Besides the number of beam pairs, the beam sweeping overhead also depends on a duration to perform the measurement (e.g. measurement of the received signal strength) .
[0099] 4) Beam measurements
[0100] Beam measurements are important for proper data transmission and decoding as well as beam and cell association, as communication parameters may be configured based at least partly on the beam measurement values. Conventionally, a UE periodically reports, to an associated base station, such as a base station serving the UE, a base station that may be a potential handover candidate, a base station that may be used as part of beam failure recovery, the beam measurement values, for example, the measured beam reference signal received power (RSRP) , signal to noise ratio (SNR) , signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR) , reference signal received quality (RSRQ) , interference power, and / or signal power. Whenever a UE changes its location, speed, or orientation, the beam to be reported to the associated base station may have different RSRP values, because the beam is configured to be transmitted at one or more particular angles or to a specific area. The UE may report, to the base station, measured RSRP values for different types of beams. For example, serving beams, beams that may be used for beam switching, beams that may be used for BFR, and / or beams that may be used for potential handover (HO) .
[0101] 5) Beam prediction
[0102] Beam prediction may potentially reduce the latency for beam switching and thereby fluctuations experienced in link quality. Beam prediction may be performed at the base station or the UE, or both.
[0103] 6) Quasi-co-location (QCL)
[0104] Two antenna ports are said to be quasi co-located if the large-scale properties (or channel features) of the channel over which a symbol on one antenna port is conveyed can be inferred from the channel over which a symbol on the other antenna port is conveyed.
[0105] For example, a type of QCL includes: type A (that is QCL-A) , type B (that is QCL-B) , type C (that is QCL-C) , type D (that is QCL-D) . In the following description, QCL-D is used as an example.
[0106] The large-scale properties (or channel features) may include one or more of the following: delay spread, doppler spread, doppler shift, average delay and spatial Rx parameter. The spatial RX parameter may include, for example, angle of arrival (AOA) , average AOA, AOA spread, RX antenna spatial correlation parameter, receive beam, resource identifier, and the like.
[0107] The angle mentioned above may be decomposition values of different dimensions, or a combination of decomposition values of different dimensions. The two antenna ports mentioned above may be antenna ports with different antenna port numbers, and / or, antenna ports with a same antenna port number that send or receive information in different time and / or frequency and / or code domain resources, and / or, the antenna ports with different antenna port numbers send or receive information in different time and / or frequency and / or code domain resources. The resource identifier may include, for example, a CSI-RS resource identifier, an SRS resource identifier, a synchronization signal / synchronization signal block resource identifier, a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) resource identifier, or a resource identifier of preamble sequence transmitted on a physical random-access channel (PRACH) .
[0108] When a UE and a base station are equipped with multiple antennas, the UE and the base station can perform analog beamforming that can provide additional gains to communication links. Such gains are crucial for an operation at a higher frequency to combat a relatively larger channel path loss. Analog beamforming is performed by adjusting phases of each antenna in an antenna array that is connected to a single radio frequency chain. Such phase adjustment results in a signal being beamforming towards a certain area, or being directed towards a certain angle or direction.
[0109] Since beams are designed to point to a certain direction, changes in a location or orientation of the UE and / or the base station may cause beam misalignment between the base station and the UE. For example, when the UE changes its location, a beam of the UE and a beam of the base station may not be pointing to correct direction anymore. For another example, when the UE rotates, the beam of the base station may still be correctly pointing to the UE, but the beam of the UE may be misaligned. The beam misalignment may reduce received signal power. From the UE perspective, the UE may sweep beams to obtain a beam with good signal quality for communication.
[0110] When the base station transmits a signal on a Tx beam, the UE may sweep its Rx beams to obtain a Rx beam with a good signal quality, e.g., a Rx beam with the highest RSRP. The UE may record the Rx beam as QCL-D for this Tx beam. QCL-D is referred to QCL, and a type of this QCL is type D, in other words, QCL-D is referred to QCL of type D. Whenever the base station transmits a new Tx beam and wants the UE to use this Rx beam, the base station may associate this new Tx beam with the QCL-D state of the old Tx beam. Once the UE receives such QCL-D information, the UE determines that the new Tx beam may be received with the same Rx beam that is used for the old Tx beam. Accordingly, the UE beam sweeping may be eliminated when the new Tx transmission can be QCL-ed with an old Tx transmission, otherwise, the UE may need to sweep all possible Rx beams to obtain the best one.
[0111] It is quite common for a UE that moves along a certain path to go from one base station Tx beam coverage area to another. These base station beams cover different areas along the UE path, and each base station beam may be better received by a certain UE Rx beam. Going from one Tx beam to another Tx beam of one base station may initiate a beam switching procedure from one Tx beam to the other Tx beam. The UE may be configured to perform beam switching to keep a certain RSRP level at the UE. The base station may also configure the UE with one or more beams that the UE may use when its beam fails as a way for possible beam failure recovery. Accordingly, the UE may be instructed to measure beams for possible beam switching, or for backup beams for possible beam failure recovery. Each of these beams may be better received with a certain UE beam, and unless instructed with certain QCL-D information, the UE may sweep through all its possible UE beams, resulting in high beam measurement and reporting overhead and extra power consumption.
[0112] As a result, UE movement may cause continuous beam misalignment between the base station and the UE, and RSRP and communication rate may reduce. To restore beam alignment, beam sweeping can be performed but it can result in a large overhead wasting time and frequency resources.
[0113] In view of this, the embodiments of this application provide a method to solve the problem. Specifically, for beams that are spatially adjacent, the UE or base station may perform a beam management procedure based on spatially adjacent beams. The method can provide better beam alignment with lower overhead, and reduce the overhead in several beam management procedures.
[0114] The following describes the embodiments of this application in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0115] In embodiments of this application, communicating includes transmitting (or sending) and / or receiving unless otherwise specified.
[0116] In the embodiments of this application, “and / or” describes an association relationship between associated objects and represents that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may represent the following three cases: only A exists, both A and B exist, and only B exists. The character “ / ” generally indicates an “or” relationship between the associated objects. “At least one” means one or more. “At least one of A and B” , similar to “A and / or B” , describes an association relationship between associated objects and represents that three relationships may exist. For example, at least one of A and B may represent the following three cases: only A exists, both A and B exist, and only B exists.
[0117] Referring to FIG. 5, FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of a communication method 500 according to an embodiment of this application.
[0118] At S510, a first apparatus receives a signal transmitted on a first beam.
[0119] Correspondingly, a second apparatus transmits the signal on the first beam.
[0120] For example, the first apparatus is a base station or a chip, a module, a chipset, a circuit, or a processing system configured in the base station, and the second apparatus is a UE or a chip, a module, a chipset, a circuit, or a processing system configured in the UE. In this example, the signal is an uplink signal.
[0121] For another example, the first apparatus is a UE or a chip, a module, a chipset, a circuit, or a processing system configured in the UE, and the second apparatus is a base station or a chip, a module, a chipset, a circuit, or a processing system configured in the base station. In this example, the signal is a downlink signal.
[0122] For another example, the first apparatus is a first UE or a chip, a module, a chipset, a circuit, or a processing system configured in the first UE, and the second apparatus is a second UE or a chip, a module, a chipset, a circuit, or a processing system configured in the second UE. In this example, the signal is a sidelink signal.
[0123] At S520, the first apparatus receives first information indicating the first beam is spatially adjacent to one or more second beams.
[0124] Correspondingly, the second apparatus transmits the first information. The first information may be referred to as spatially adjacent information or spatial adjacency information.
[0125] At S530, the first apparatus performs a beam management procedure based on the first information. The beam management procedure may include one or more procedures.
[0126] For example, the first information may be used to trigger the first apparatus to perform a certain beam management procedure. Accordingly, after receiving the first information, the first apparatus performs the beam management procedure.
[0127] In some embodiments, that the first apparatus performs the beam management procedure based on the first information includes: the first apparatus performs the beam management procedure based on reference signals received, and beams used for transmitting the reference signal are spatially adjacent to the first beam based on the first information.
[0128] For brevity, in some embodiments, a beam of the second apparatus is referred to as a Tx beam, and a beam of the first apparatus beam is referred to as a Rx beam.
[0129] / / concept of spatially adjacent
[0130] In some embodiments, one beam (e.g., a second beam) which may be used as a serving beam later may have characteristics of spatial adjacency. Specifically, the second apparatus transmits the signal on the first beam, and the first beam is a serving beam during this transmission. The first beam is spatially adjacent to the one or more second beams, so, one of the one or more second beams may be used as a serving beam later. For example, after the beam management, the one of the one or more second beams may be used as a serving beam or as a backup beam for beam failure recovery. The serving beam represents a beam currently in service, or a beam which is used for communicating currently. For example, at T1 time duration, the first apparatus and the second apparatus communicate by beam#1, at the T1 time duration, the serving beam is the beam#1; at T2 time duration, the first apparatus and the second apparatus communicate by beam#2, at the T2 time duration, the serving beam is the beam#2. For another example, during transmission#1, the first apparatus and the second apparatus communicate by beam#1, accordingly, the serving beam is the beam#1 regarding with transmission#1; during transmission#2, the first apparatus and the second apparatus communicate by beam#2, accordingly, the serving beam is the beam#2 regarding with transmission#2.
[0131] The first beam and the one or more second beams are used as examples below to describe which beams may be considered spatially adjacent. The first beam is spatially adjacent to the one or more second beams, which may also be described as:the first beam is associated with the one or more second beams. The spatially adjacent is only named for description and does not limit the scope of protection of the embodiments of this application.
[0132] In a possible implementation, a distance (or a gap) between coverage areas of the first beam and the one or more second beams is less than a first threshold. In other words, if the distance between coverage areas of the first beam and the one or more second beams is less than the first threshold, the first beam and the one or more second beams are spatially adjacent. According to this implementation, spatially adjacent beams mean that these beams in terms of coverage areas have adjacent coverage. The coverage areas may overlap as well, for example, the coverage areas may partially overlap; or for another example, the coverage areas may totally overlap, e.g., one coverage area include another coverage area. The distance between two coverage areas may be defined differently. For example, the distance between two coverage areas may be the shortest distance between the two coverage areas. For another example, the distance between two coverage areas may be a distance between centers of the two coverage areas.
[0133] The following is described in combination with an example.
[0134] Referring to FIG. 6, FIG. 6 is an example that beams are spatially adjacent according to this application. Assuming the first apparatus is moving on a path that is covered by a quantity of beams of second apparatus, including: beam#1, beam#2, beam#3, and beam#4. As shown in FIG. 6, assuming that beam#1 covers an azimuth angle from 0°-10°, beam#2 covers an azimuth angle from 10°-20°, beam#3 covers an azimuth angle from 20°-30°, and beam#4 covers an azimuth angle from 30°-40°. Assuming the distance between two coverage areas is the shortest distance between the two coverage areas, as shown in FIG. 6, a distance between a coverage area of beam#1 and a coverage area of beam#2 is 0, a distance between a coverage area of beam#2 and a coverage area of beam#3 is 0, a distance between a coverage area of beam#3 and a coverage area of beam#4 is 0. Assuming that the first apparatus is going around the second apparatus starting from angle 0° to 40°. The first apparatus may leave a coverage area of one beam to enter a coverage area of the other beam. For example, the first apparatus may first be in a coverage area of beam#1, then once the first apparatus moves more than 10°, the first apparatus may enter a coverage area of beam#2. Then the first apparatus moves more than 20°, the first apparatus may enter a coverage area of beam#3, and finally the first apparatus moves more than 30°, the first apparatus may enter a coverage area of beam#4. Also, the first apparatus may leave the coverage area of beam#4 to enter a coverage area of the other beam.
[0135] In a possible scenario, beam#1 and beam#2 are spatially adjacent, beam#2 and beam#3 are spatially adjacent, and beam#3 and beam#4 are spatially adjacent. For example, assuming that the first threshold is 0, and the distance between two coverage areas is the shortest distance between the two coverage areas, thus, beam#1 and beam#2 are spatially adjacent, beam#2 and beam#3 are spatially adjacent, and beam#3 and beam#4 are spatially adjacent.
[0136] In another possible scenario, beam#1, beam#2 and beam#3 are spatially adjacent, beam#2, beam#3 and beam#4 are spatially adjacent. For example, assuming that the first threshold is W1, the distance between two coverage areas is the shortest distance between the two coverage areas, and the distance between a coverage area of beam#1 and a coverage area of beam#4 is greater than W1, thus, beam#1 and beam#2 are spatially adjacent, beam#2 and beam#3 are spatially adjacent, and beam#3 and beam#4 are spatially adjacent.
[0137] In another possible scenario, beam#1, beam#2, beam#3, and beam#4 are spatially adjacent. For example, assuming that the first threshold is W2, the distance between two coverage areas is the shortest distance between the two coverage areas, and the distance between a coverage area of beam#1 and a coverage area of beam#4 is less than W2, thus, beam#1, beam#2, beam#3, and beam#4 are spatially adjacent. And W2>W1.
[0138] The coverage area is merely a way of describing an area in which beams may provide a certain and reasonable RSRP, and according to this RSRP, the coverage area as a concept may vary. For example, the coverage area may be referred to as an angular range.
[0139] In another possible implementation, a difference between angle of departures (AODs) of the first beam and the one or more second beams is less than a second threshold. In other words, if the difference between AODs of the first beam and the one or more second beams is less than the second threshold, the first beam and the one or more second beams are spatially adjacent. According to this implementation, spatially adjacent beams mean that these beams in terms of AODs are within certain degrees. Also, for example, the difference between AODs of the first beam and the one or more second beams may be represented in a multi-bit format, and different bits may be associated with different difference.
[0140] The above two implementations are examples, limitation is not made herein. For example, a beam width and / or the number of antennas may be used for determining whether the beams are spatially adjacent or not. Specifically, since the number of antennas at the first apparatus and the second apparatus side may be different, it may result in different beam widths between the first apparatus and the second apparatus beams. Accordingly, spatial adjacency may also consider the beam width and / or the number of antennas to determine whether beams are spatially adjacent or not.
[0141] Further, there may be more beams and each beam have different spatial adjacency when the first apparatus and the second apparatus are capable of multi beam communication.
[0142] In some embodiments, the first beam is spatially adjacent to the one or more second beams in azimuth and / or elevation. The elevation may be referred to as zenith. For example, since an angular difference between AODs can be represented when using 2-dimensional (2D) panels in both azimuth and elevation (or any angle pair that corresponds to azimuth and elevation) , beams may be spatially adjacent in azimuth, elevation or both. Specifically, when an apparatus is equipped with 2D antenna arrays that can beamform according to azimuth and elevation angles (or any other angle pair that corresponds to these angles) , spatial adjacency property may refer to one of these angles or both of them, which may depend on the first apparatus / the second apparatus capability. The first apparatus capability here may refer to the first apparatus ability to analyze (or identify, or resolve) azimuth and elevation directions (or any other angle pairs or coordinates that are used for beam representation) . Similarly, the second apparatus capability here may refer to the second apparatus ability to analyze azimuth and elevation directions (or any other angle pairs or coordinates that are used for beam representation) .
[0143] In a possible implementation, the first beam is spatially adjacent to the one or more second beams in the azimuth angle direction. According to the implementation, the second apparatus may configure the first apparatus with spatial adjacency of two Tx beams in terms of their azimuth angles, as the azimuth angle may be more important than the elevation angles.
[0144] In some embodiments, the method 500 further includes: the first apparatus receives second information indicating the first beam is spatially adjacent to the one or more second beams in azimuth and / or elevation. Correspondingly, the second apparatus transmits the second information. In general, the spatial adjacency of each angle may be of different importance and effect, and the spatial adjacency of each angle may be indicated jointly or separately.
[0145] The first information and the second information may be carried on the same signaling or different signaling.
[0146] In some embodiments, the second apparatus determines movement information, and the second apparatus determines the one or more second beams based on the movement information, in other words, the second apparatus determines the first information based on the movement information.
[0147] The movement information includes movement information of the first apparatus and / or movement information of the second apparatus.
[0148] In a possible implementation, the movement information includes the movement information of the first apparatus. For brevity, the movement information of the first apparatus is referred to as movement information#1.
[0149] The movement information#1 may indicate a possible moving direction of the first apparatus, or the movement information#1 may indicate a possible moving direction of a Rx beam. For example, if the first apparatus is capable of determining whether the Rx beam (e.g., corresponding to the first beam) change is in the azimuth direction or elevation direction or both, the first apparatus may transmit the movement information#1 to indicate that whether the Rx beam change is in the azimuth direction or elevation direction or both, and the second apparatus may determine the one or more second beams that are spatially adjacent to the first beam in azimuth and / or elevation. That may further reduce the required beam sweeping when the second apparatus and first apparatus beams are generated by 2D antenna arrays. Note that not every first apparatus movement may change its Rx beam in the same way. Generally, the first apparatus movement may be in angular or radial direction compared to the second apparatus beam. Since moving in an angular direction may follow beam azimuth angular coverage, angular movement may cause the second apparatus and first apparatus to keep the elevation direction and change the azimuth direction of the beam. Radial movement, on the other hand, may cause the first apparatus to get away from the elevation beam coverage area, which may require beam switching to another beam with different elevation coverage, but it may have the same azimuth angular coverage.
[0150] In another possible implementation, the movement information includes the movement information of the second apparatus. For brevity, the movement information of the second apparatus is referred to as movement information#2.
[0151] The movement information#2 may indicate a possible moving direction of the second apparatus, or the movement information#2 may indicate a possible moving direction of a Tx beam. For example, if the second apparatus is capable of determining whether the Tx beam (e.g., the first beam) change is in the azimuth direction or elevation direction or both, the second apparatus may determine the one or more second beams which are spatially adjacent to the first beam in azimuth and / or elevation. This implementation may refer to the above implementation.
[0152] The above embodiments are examples, limitation is not made herein. For example, the concept of spatially adjacent beams is largely relative and does not require the movement information. Neither the second apparatus nor the first apparatus may need to know anything about the local coordinates on the other side as well.
[0153] Referring to FIG. 7, FIG. 7 is an example that a first apparatus moves according to this application. In FIG. 7, the first apparatus is a UE, and the second apparatus is a base station.
[0154] As shown in FIG. 7 (a) , the UE and the base station are communicating, and a beam of the UE and a beam of the base station are aligned. For example, the UE and the base station may communicate using line of sight (LOS) beam pair. When the UE moves as shown in FIG. 7 (b) , the UE may transmit movement information of the UE, and the base station and the UE may both update their beams by shifting their beams a few degrees for angle correspondence. Accordingly, spatially adjacent base station beams may result in spatially adjacent UE beams. The angle correspondence means that when trying to tune one of Tx beam or Rx beam, the changes required in one beam have a correspondence with the changes required for the other. For example, as shown in FIG. 7 (b) , the base station may rotate its beam anti-clock-wise for a certain degree, and the UE may rotate its beam anti-clock-wise for the same certain degree. For another example, angle change on one side may be opposite in direction to the other side.
[0155] / / the use of spatially adjacent
[0156] The above describes the concept of spatially adjacent, and the following describes the use of the spatially adjacent.
[0157] The first apparatus performs a beam management procedure based on the first information, in other words, the first apparatus performs the beam management procedure based on the fact that the first beam is spatially adjacent to the one or more second beams.
[0158] In some embodiments, the beam management procedure includes one or more of: beam sweeping, beam tracking, beam measurement and reporting, beam prediction, beam updating, beam switching, beam failure detection, and beam failure recovery. The following are some examples. These examples may be used alone or in combination.
[0159] Example#1, the beam management includes the beam sweeping.
[0160] Spatial adjacency property may reduce the required beam sweeping, whether at the second apparatus side, first apparatus side, or both. Once the second apparatus or the first apparatus obtains information that a beam is spatially adjacent to other beam (s) (e.g. the first beam is spatially adjacent to the one or more second beams) , they can set their sweeping range, thereby reducing the required number of time resources for beam measurements, reducing beam reporting and saving power consumption.
[0161] In a possible scenario, the second apparatus may measure signal quality of one or more beams (e.g., the one or more second beams) that are spatially adjacent to a serving beam (e.g., the first beam) for possible beam switching.
[0162] Specifically, the second apparatus communicates with the first apparatus using the serving beam (e.g., the first beam) that has an acceptable signal quality (e.g., RSRP) , and the second apparatus may measure signal quality of one or more beams (e.g., the one or more second beams) within a coverage area around the serving beam for possible beam switching. The second beams are spatially adjacent to the first beam, so, the second apparatus transmits signals on the one or more second beams, and the first apparatus measures and reports signal quality of the one or more second beams. And the second apparatus transmits the first information indicating that the one or more second beams are spatially adjacent to the first beam. Accordingly, the first apparatus may determine that the best Rx beam may be either the same as the old Rx beam (that corresponds to the first beam) or a spatially adjacent one (that corresponds to one of the one or more second beams) . This may reduce the required number of beams during beam sweeping at the first apparatus side.
[0163] Otherwise, conventionally, the second apparatus states that the one or more second beams are QCLed (type-D) with the first beam, which may indicate the first apparatus uses the same Rx beam for these second beams as the one being used for the first beam, and the measured RSRP may be reduced while the Rx beam may not be set correctly. Or the second apparatus may not transmit QCL-D information, the first apparatus may assume that there is no relation between Rx beams of these second beams and the first beam, and the first apparatus may obtain the best Rx beam by sweeping all beams, which may use many time and frequency resources for full first apparatus sweeping.
[0164] In another possible scenario, the second apparatus may measure signal quality of one or more beams (e.g., the one or more second beams) that are spatially adjacent to a serving beam (e.g., the first beam) as the first apparatus moves, e.g., the first apparatus moves from a coverage area of one beam to a coverage area of the other beam. The first apparatus may use the first information to reduce the first apparatus beam sweeping as explained earlier.
[0165] According to this embodiment, that the first beam is spatially adjacent to the one or more second beams may reduce overhead and power consumption in the beam sweeping. Further, different beam resolutions between the second apparatus and first apparatus may be considered. For example, if the first apparatus beam switches from beam#1 to beam#2 that are spatially adjacent, the second apparatus may have finer resolution for its beams compared to the first apparatus. For example, the number of second apparatus beams is larger than the first apparatus beams. Accordingly, the second apparatus may use more beams than those used by the first apparatus when each is indicated as a spatially adjacent transmission.
[0166] In some embodiments, the first information may be used for determining when to initiate the beam switching. Specifically, the first apparatus may use the first information to determine when to initiate beam switching when the first apparatus is allowed. For example, when the first apparatus is a UE that is enabled for UE-initiated beam switching, the UE may use the first information to predict time for Tx beam switching and use that prediction to initiate beam switching. The UE may predict such time by processing one or more of its own movement profile the previous beam switching timings and the first information regarding the Tx beams along its movement profile. Accordingly, the second apparatus, the base station in this example, may continue with the UE beam switching request or may request some beam measurements to confirm the UE prediction before performing the beam switching.
[0167] Example#2, the beam management includes the beam prediction.
[0168] The first apparatus may predict its Rx beam for future use based on the first information. In a possible implementation, the first apparatus may predict its Rx beam based on the first information and other information. For example, other information includes one or more of: historical information from first apparatus beams switching, the movement information of the first apparatus, and the first apparatus movement profile.
[0169] Example#3, the beam management includes the beam updating.
[0170] Assuming the first apparatus is a UE, and the second apparatus is a base station. While UE movements may cause beam misalignment, a base station movement, when it is capable of moving, may affect beam misalignment too. The base station may be a drone, a high altitude platform station (HAPS) , or a satellite. The base station may move in a well-defined path, which is a case for the satellites, or may move as needed as some proposed for the drone base station. Since in such cases the base station knows its movement profile and can update its beam to keep pointing to the UE, the base station may indicate the UE to update its beam as well to compensate for beam misalignment. Specifically, the base station transmits the first information to the UE to help UE update the UE beam that is used with the serving beam pair. When the UE is capable of beamforming more than one beam, the base station may indicate the UE to update one or more serving beam pairs. According to the first information, the UE may determine how to update beams that can be used for possible beam reporting.
[0171] Example#4, the beam management includes the beam failure detection.
[0172] The first apparatus may use the first information to determine whether a beam failure is detected or not. For example, the first apparatus may use the first information and various beam measurements to determine whether a beam failure is detected or not when these measurements are below signal quality (e.g., RSRP / RSRQ) required for beam failure detection.
[0173] In a possible scenario, the second apparatus communicates with the first apparatus using the serving beam (e.g., the first beam) , when signal quality is lower than a threshold, the second apparatus transmits a signal on the one or more second beams, and the first apparatus measures signal quality of the one or more second beams. The first apparatus may determine whether the first beam is actually blocked by comparing signal quality of the one or more second beams and signal quality of the first beam.
[0174] Example#5, the beam management includes the beam failure recovery.
[0175] When a beam fails, e.g., the beam RSRP is lower than a threshold, the first apparatus may typically search for another beam from a configured set of beams that are used for beam failure recovery. The second apparatus may configure these beams if any is spatially adjacent to any measured beam reducing search space (i.e., Rx beams to measure) used during the beam failure recovery. Also, when these beams have a dedicated QCL-D parameter, the first apparatus may set its Rx beam directly for better reception.
[0176] It is also possible that the first apparatus (e.g., a UE) , when detecting that a beam fails, selects one or more beams that are not spatially adjacent to the failed beam, for example, the first apparatus may select the beams from the configured set of beams that are not spatially adjacent to the failed beam. Specifically, beams that are spatially adjacent to a blocked beam (e.g., the failed beam) can be more likely to be blocked as well if that blockage spans a large angular range, thus, the first apparatus may select one or more beams that are not spatially adjacent to the blocked beam. Accordingly, adjacency information may be used to introduce priority among the configured set of beams for possible beam failure recovery.
[0177] Example#6, the beam management includes the beam tracking.
[0178] The first apparatus may continuously update and track its Rx beam based on spatial adjacency information (e.g., the first information) . The first apparatus may use the spatial adjacency information to initiate beam switching by selecting beams that are spatially adjacent to the serving beam and providing a good RSRP, or expected to provide a good RSRP. Also, when the first apparatus determines a plurality of RSRP values that are low enough in the sense that a beam failure may be triggered, the first apparatus may use measurements resulted from the spatially adjacent beams (e.g., the one or more second beams) , to determine whether this beam is actually blocked or not, and hence provide better indication for beam failure detection.
[0179] The above are some examples. However, limitation is not made herein.
[0180] The above describes that the first apparatus performs the beam management procedure based on the first information, and the following describes the first information.
[0181] / / signaling of the first information
[0182] In some embodiments, the first information is carried on TCI and / or control information.
[0183] In a possible implementation, the first information is carried on the TCI.
[0184] For example, the first information is a new QCL parameter (e.g., QCL parameter#1) . In other words, the spatial adjacency may be represented in a manner that is similar to QCL-D parameter. Initially, the second apparatus (e.g., a base station) transmits a signal on the first beam where the first apparatus (e.g., a UE) determines the best Rx beam for receiving signals on the first beam. Following that first transmission, the second apparatus may transmit the TCI associated with the one or more second beams to the first apparatus, the TCI includes the QCL parameter#1, and a value of the QCL parameter#1 refers to the first beam (or first transmission) . Accordingly, when the first apparatus receives the one or more second beams, the first apparatus determines to perform beam sweeping based on the QCL parameter#1 in the TCI.
[0185] For another example, the first information is a TCI parameter (e.g., TCI parameter#1) . In other words, the spatial adjacency may be represented as a parameter in the TCI. Initially, the second apparatus (e.g., a base station) transmits a signal on the first beam where the first apparatus (e.g., a UE) determines the best Rx beam for receiving signals on the first beam. Following that transmission, the second apparatus may transmit the TCI associated with the one or more second beams to the first apparatus, the TCI includes the TCI parameter#1, and a value of the TCI parameter#1 refers to the first beam. Accordingly, when the first apparatus receives the one or more second beams, the first apparatus determines to perform beam sweeping based on the TCI parameter#1 in the TCI.
[0186] In another possible implementation, the first information is carried on the control information.
[0187] For example, the first apparatus is a base station, and the second apparatus is a UE. In this example, the control information is uplink control information (UCI) .
[0188] For another example, the first apparatus is a UE, and the second apparatus is a base station. In this example, the control information is downlink control information (DCI) .
[0189] For another example, the first apparatus is a first UE, and the second apparatus is a second UE. In this example, the control information is sidelink control information (SCI) .
[0190] In this implementation, spatial adjacency may be represented as a parameter (e.g., parameter#1) in the control information configuration. Initially, the second apparatus (e.g., a base station) transmits a signal on the first beam where the first apparatus (e.g., a UE) determines the best Rx beam for receiving signals on the first beam. Following that transmission, the second apparatus may transmit the control information to the first apparatus, the control information includes the parameter#1, and a value of the parameter#1 refers to the first beam. Accordingly, when the first apparatus receives the one or more second beams, the first apparatus determines to perform beam sweeping based on the parameter#1 in the control information.
[0191] In some embodiments, the first information may be a one-bit field in the control information, where this one-bit field may be indicated by one when a beam of the first apparatus or a beam of the second apparatus requires some tuning by sweeping through spatially adjacent beams. In other embodiments, the field for spatial adjacency may be of more than one bit in the control information, and each bit combination may refer to a certain level of adjacency.
[0192] / / format of the first information
[0193] In some embodiments, the first information includes a first beam index and / or one or more second beam indices, or indices from which the first beam and / or the one or more second beams may be inferred.
[0194] In a possible implementation, the first information includes the first beam index. For example, the first information is carried on the TCI, and the first information includes the first beam index. Specifically, the second apparatus may transmit the TCI associated with the one or more second beams to the first apparatus, the TCI includes the QCL parameter#1 or TCI parameter#1, and the value of the QCL parameter#1 or the TCI parameter#1 refers to the first beam. Based on the QCL parameter#1 or the TCI parameter#1, the first apparatus determines the first beam is spatially adjacent to the one or more second beams.
[0195] In another possible implementation, the first information includes the one or more second beam indices. For example, the first information is carried on the control information, and the first information includes the one or more second beam indices.
[0196] In another possible implementation, the first information includes the first beam index and the one or more second beam indices. For example, the first information includes the first beam index and the one or more second beam indices, and that the first beam index and the one or more second beam indices are continuous or belong to a range may indicate the first beam is spatially adjacent to the one or more second beams. Specifically, assuming a beam index is associated with an AOD, so close beam indices may also indicate spatially adjacent beams.
[0197] In another possible implementation, the first information includes indices from which the first beam and / or the one or more second beams may be inferred. For example, the first information includes indices of a first transmission and a second transmission, the first transmission is associated with the first beam, and the second transmission is associated with the one or more second beams.
[0198] The above embodiments are examples, limitation is not made herein. For example, the first information includes one or more bits, and the bits indicate the first beam is spatially adjacent to the one or more second beams.
[0199] In some embodiments, the method 500 further includes: the first apparatus receives third information indicating a spatially adjacent level between the first beam and the one or more second beams. Correspondingly, the second apparatus transmits the third information. In some implementations, the spatially adjacent level is referred to a degree of spatially adjacent between the beams. The shorter the distance between coverage areas of beams, the greater the spatially adjacent between the beams. For example, as shown in FIG. 6, assuming that beam#1, beam#2 and beam#3 are spatially adjacent, beam#2, beam#3 and beam#4 are spatially adjacent, in this scenario, a spatially adjacent level of beam#1 and beam#2 is greater than a spatially adjacent level of beam#1 and beam#3, and a spatially adjacent level of beam#2 and beam#3 is greater than a spatially adjacent level of beam#2 and beam#4. For another example, as shown in FIG. 6, assuming that beam#1, beam#2, beam#3, and beam#4 are spatially adjacent, in this scenario, a spatially adjacent level of beam#1 and beam#2 is greater than a spatially adjacent level of beam#1 and beam#3, and a spatially adjacent level of beam#1 and beam#3 is greater than a spatially adjacent level of beam#1 and beam#4.
[0200] The first information and the third information may be carried on the same signaling or different signaling. For example, the first information and the third information may be carried on a TCI associated with a second beam, and the TCI includes the QCL parameter#1 and one or more bits field, the bits field may indicate a spatially adjacent level between the first beam and the second beam.
[0201] In a possible implementation, the third information is implemented by 2 bits. For example, that a value of the 2 bits is “00” means no spatial adjacency, that a value of the 2 bits is “01” means beams (e.g., the first beam and the second beam) are spatially adjacent within a first degree (or a first threshold, or a first level) , that a value of the 2 bits is “10” means beams are spatially adjacent within a second degree (or a second threshold, or a second level) , and that a value of the 2 bits is “11” means beams are spatially adjacent within a third degree (or a third threshold, or a third level) . For example, that beams are spatially adjacent within the first degree, may be referred to a difference of AODs of the beams are no more than the first degree. Note that using the above implementation, when the first degree (or the second degree or the third degree) is set to zero, then the QCL parameter#1 also includes the QCL-D as it means that the first and second beam have the same AOD (suggesting using the same Rx beam) .
[0202] In some embodiments, the method 500 further includes: the first apparatus receives configuration information related to the beam management. For example, the configuration information may include time and frequency resources and / or the number of beams to be swept at the first apparatus, the second apparatus, or both. The time and frequency resources used for beam measurements may follow the conventional methods, or may be represented differently.
[0203] In some embodiments, spatial adjacency may also be represented as an event-trigger input. The event may include a beam management procedure (e.g., a beam tuning) . The following describes two scenarios.
[0204] Scenario#1, the second apparatus requests the beam tuning.
[0205] In a possible implementation, the first information may be represented as the event-trigger input. In other words, the second apparatus may use the first information to request the first apparatus to trigger a beam tuning.
[0206] For example, the second apparatus (e.g., a UE) transmits the first information, and the first information may be used to request a beam tuning (e.g., a serving beam tuning) . Once the first apparatus (e.g., a base station) receives the first information, the first apparatus may determine that a beam tuning is requested. The first apparatus and / or the second apparatus may sweep through some beams that are spatially adjacent to a current beam to obtain new beams (e.g., beams with the highest RSRP) for communication.
[0207] Further, in some embodiments, the second apparatus may trigger such a request when the second apparatus determines a beam management procedure is required.
[0208] For example, the second apparatus determines a beam tuning is required based on the second apparatus and the first apparatus movement. One possible example for such triggering is when the second apparatus moves from its location to a new location. Another possible example for such triggering is when the second apparatus finds that the average measurements (e.g., RSRP) of the serving beam satisfied a certain constraint (e.g., become lower by a certain quantity of dBs) .
[0209] In another possible implementation, request information (e.g., request information#1) may be represented as the event-trigger input, and the second apparatus transmits the request information#1 to the first apparatus.
[0210] For example, the request information#1 may be a one-bit field, and once the first apparatus receives the one-bit field, the first apparatus may determine that a beam tuning is requested. For another example, the request information#1 may be a two-bits field, where one of the two-bits field represents spatial adjacency in the azimuth angular range, and the other of the two-bits field represents spatial adjacency in the elevation angular range.
[0211] This implementation is similar to the above implementation, as long as the first information is replaced by the request information#1, which will not be described here.
[0212] Scenario#2, the first apparatus requests the beam tuning.
[0213] In a possible implementation, request information#2 may be represented as the event-trigger input, and the first apparatus transmits the request information#2 to the second apparatus.
[0214] For example, the first apparatus (e.g., a UE) transmits the request information#2, and the request information#2 may be used to request a beam tuning (e.g., a serving beam tuning) . Once the second apparatus receives the request information#2, the second apparatus may determine that a beam tuning is requested. The first apparatus and / or the second apparatus may sweep through some beams that are spatially adjacent to a current beam to obtain new beams (e.g., beams with the highest RSRP) for communication. The first apparatus may trigger such a request when the first apparatus determines a beam tuning is required. One possible example for such triggering is when the first apparatus moves from its location to a new location. Another possible example for such triggering is when the first apparatus finds that the average measurements (e.g., RSRP) of the serving beam satisfied a certain constraint (e.g., become lower by a certain quantity of dBs) .
[0215] For example, the request information#2 may be a one-bit field, and once the second apparatus receives the one-bit field, the second apparatus may determine that a beam tuning is requested. For another example, the request information#2 may be a two-bits field, where one of the two-bits field represents spatial adjacency in the azimuth angular range, and the other of the two-bits field represents spatial adjacency in the elevation angular range. For another example, the request information#2 may be spatially adjacent information indicating a Rx beam (e.g., serving beam) is spatially adjacent to one or more beams.
[0216] / / Specific process
[0217] The scheme of the embodiments of this application is described separately above, and the above embodiments may be used alone or in combination. The following is an example of a combination of at least some of the above embodiments.
[0218] Referring to FIG. 8, FIG. 8 is a schematic interaction diagram of a communication method applicable to an embodiment of this application. In FIG. 8, the first apparatus is a UE, and the second apparatus is a base station.
[0219] At S810, a UE and a base station communicate.
[0220] For example, the UE and the base station establish a link connection and start communication.
[0221] At S820, the base station transmits a first CSI-RS burst on multiple beams.
[0222] Correspondingly, the UE receives the first CSI-RS burst and performs beam measurement. Specifically, the base station transmits the first CSI-RS burst on multiple beams for the UE to measure and report the best beam. Assuming that the best beam is the first beam, and the UE may obtain its best Rx beam which corresponds to the first beam, in other words, the UE may obtain its best Rx beam for receiving signals transmitted on the first beam.
[0223] At S830, the base station transmits the first information indicating the first beam is spatially adjacent to one or more second beams.
[0224] Correspondingly, the UE receives the first information. Specifically, the base station informs the UE of one or more new CSI-RSs (e.g., a second CSI-RS burst) that are spatially adjacent to the first beam.
[0225] In a possible scenario, the base station transmits the first information by itself. For example, the base station periodically transmits the first information.
[0226] In another possible scenario, when the base station determines that the UE or the base station move, the base station transmits the first information. For example, when the base station receives movement information of the UE, the base station determines that the UE moves. Therefore, the base station transmits the first information.
[0227] In another possible scenario, when the base station receives request information from the UE, and in response to the request information, the base station transmits the first information. The request information may be used for requesting spatial adjacency information related to the first beam.
[0228] In some embodiments, the base station transmits the first information based on speed and predictability of the UE.Specifically, the UE may be a pedestrian walking around the park unpredictably, or a high-speed train moving at extreme speed on a track that is totally predictable. In a possible implementation, different indication frequencies may be needed based on the speed and predictability of the UE.
[0229] At S840, the base station transmits the second CSI-RS burst on the one or more second beams.
[0230] Correspondingly, the UE receives the second CSI-RS burst.
[0231] At S850, the UE performs beam management based on the first information and the second CSI-RS burst.
[0232] At S860, the UE transmits beam reporting.
[0233] The beam reporting includes beam measurements. For example, at S850, the UE performs beam sweeping on the one or more second beams, and then the UE reports beam measurements based on the beam sweeping.
[0234] In some embodiments, information related to spatially adjacent information may be carried on one or more of: RRC, medium access control-control element (MAC-CE) , DCI, UCI. For example, initial configuration may be carried on the DCI or the MAC-CE. For another example, the RRC may include potential time resources, frequency resources and modulating sequence of the second CSI-RS burst which is to be used for beam management (e.g., beam sweeping) , and the DCI indicates to the UE that the second CSI-RS burst is activated in the next potential time. For another example, the second CSI-RS burst is configured by the RRC and the UE transmits UCI to request the base station transmit the second CSI-RS burst for measurement. Further, for uplink transmission scenarios, for example, SRS may be configured by the RRC, and the DCI triggers the UE transmitting the SRS for UL measurement. The direction of the measurement (CSI-RS or SRS) can be independent from which entity (the UE or the base station) detects the need for an update in the beam over a few spatially adjacent beams.
[0235] According to the above technical solution, when the UE is informed by information related to beam spatial adjacency, that may achieve limited beam sweeping which may reduce overhead and power consumption. In addition, spatial adjacency may allow the UE to select which base station beam and when to initiate a beam switching from the UE side. It may also allow the UE to detect beam failures and provide faster beam failure recovery.
[0236] In the above embodiments, QCL-D is mainly used as an example, however, limitation is not made herein. In other words, the embodiments focused on spatially adjacent beams may also share similar QCL parameters, or have QCL parameters that are close to each other in value. QCL parameters are similar or close means their values being within a threshold from each other, that is, parameters of the spatially adjacent beams that are within a threshold from each other. For example, when spatially adjacent beams have close values for doppler shift in QCL-A (or QCL-B or QCL-C) parameters, a UE may use such value to optimize its reception of a signal on such beam. For another example, delay spread in QCL-A (or QCL-B) may be similar to each other in spatially adjacent beams. It is to be understood that adjacent beams may have similar parameters or parameters that are within a certain threshold from each other, which in general can facilitate signal reception.
[0237] The methods according to embodiments of this application are described above in detail with reference to FIGS. 5-8. The apparatus provided in embodiments of this application is described below in detail with reference to FIGS. 9-10. The description of apparatus embodiments corresponds to the description of the method embodiments. Therefore, for content that is not described in detail, refer to the foregoing method embodiments. For brevity, details are not described herein again.
[0238] Referring to FIG. 9, a schematic block diagram of a communication apparatus according to an embodiment of this application is shown. The communication apparatus 900 includes a transceiver unit 910 and a processing unit 920. The transceiver unit 910 may implement a corresponding communication function, and the processing unit 910 is configured to perform data processing. The transceiver unit 910 may also be referred to as a communication interface or a communication unit.
[0239] In some embodiments, the communication apparatus 900 may further include a storage unit. The storage unit may be configured to store instructions and / or data. The processing unit 920 may read instructions and / or data in the storage unit, to enable the communication apparatus to implement the foregoing method embodiments.
[0240] In a possible implementation, the communication apparatus 900 may be configured to perform actions performed by the first apparatus in the foregoing method embodiments. In this case, the communication apparatus 900 may be a communication device (for example, a base station or a UE) or a component that can be configured in the communication device. The transceiver unit 910 is configured to perform communicating-related (e.g., receiving / transmitting-related) operations on the first apparatus side in the foregoing method embodiments. The processing unit 920 is configured to perform processing-related operations on the first apparatus side in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0241] In another possible implementation, the communication apparatus 900 may be configured to perform actions performed by the second apparatus in the foregoing method embodiments. In this case, the communication apparatus 900 may be a communication device (for example, a base station or a UE) or a component that can be configured in the communication device. The transceiver unit 910 is configured to perform communicating-related (e.g., receiving / transmitting-related) operations on the second apparatus side in the foregoing method embodiments. The processing unit 920 is configured to perform processing-related operations on the second apparatus side in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0242] A specific process in which the units perform the foregoing corresponding steps is described in detail in the foregoing method embodiments. For brevity, details are not described herein again.
[0243] Referring to FIG. 10, a schematic block diagram of another communication apparatus according to an embodiment of this application is shown. The communication apparatus 1000 includes a processor 1010. The processor 1010 is coupled to a memory 1020. The memory 1020 is configured to store a computer program or instructions and / or data. The processor 1010 is configured to execute the computer program or instructions and / or data stored in the memory 1020, so that the methods in the foregoing method embodiments are executed.
[0244] In some embodiments, the communication apparatus 1000 includes one or more processors 1010.
[0245] In an example, as shown in FIG. 10, the communication apparatus 1000 may further include the memory 1020.
[0246] In some embodiments, the communication apparatus 1000 may include one or more memories 1020.
[0247] In an example, the memory 1020 may be integrated with the processor 1010, or disposed separately from the processor 1010.
[0248] In an example, as shown in FIG. 10, the communication apparatus 1000 may further include a transceiver 1030, where the transceiver 1030 is configured to receive and / or transmit a signal. For example, the processor 1010 may be configured to control the transceiver 1030 to receive and / or transmit a signal.
[0249] In some embodiments, the communication apparatus 1000 may be a communication device (for example, a base station or a UE) or a component that can be configured in the communication device.
[0250] In a solution, the communication apparatus 1000 is configured to perform the operations performed by the first apparatus in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0251] For example, the processor 1010 may be configured to perform a processing-related operation performed by the first apparatus in the foregoing method embodiments, and the transceiver 1030 may be configured to perform a communicating-related (e.g., receiving / transmitting-related) operation performed by the first apparatus in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0252] In another solution, the communication apparatus 1000 is configured to perform the operations performed by the second apparatus in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0253] For example, the processor 1010 may be configured to perform a processing-related operation performed by the second apparatus in the foregoing method embodiments, and the transceiver 1030 may be configured to perform a communicating-related (e.g., receiving / transmitting-related) operation performed by the second apparatus in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0254] An embodiment of this application further provides a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions used to implement the method performed by the first apparatus or the method performed by the second apparatus in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0255] For example, when the computer program is executed by a computer, the computer may be enabled to implement the method performed by the first apparatus or the method performed by the second apparatus in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0256] An embodiment of this application further provides a computer program product including instructions. When the instructions are executed by a computer, the computer is enabled to implement the method performed by the first apparatus or the method performed by the second apparatus in the foregoing method embodiments.
[0257] An embodiment of this application further provides a communication system. The communication system includes the first apparatus and the second apparatus in the foregoing embodiments.
[0258] For explanations and beneficial effects of related content of any communication apparatus provided above, refer to a corresponding method embodiment provided above. Details are not described herein again.
[0259] The processor mentioned in embodiments of this application may be a central processing unit (CPU) . The processor may further be another general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field programmable gate array (FPGA) , or another programmable logic device, a discrete gate, a transistor logic device, a discrete hardware component, or the like. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like.
[0260] The memory mentioned in embodiments of this application may be a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, or may include a volatile memory and a non-volatile memory. The non-volatile memory may be a read-only memory (ROM) , a programmable read-only memory (programmable ROM, PROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (erasable PROM, EPROM) , an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (electrically EPROM, EEPROM) , or a flash memory. The volatile memory may be a random access memory (RAM) . For example, the RAM may be used as an external cache. By way of example but not limitation, the RAM may include a plurality of forms such as the following: a static random access memory (static RAM, SRAM) , a dynamic random access memory (dynamic RAM, DRAM) , a synchronous dynamic random access memory (synchronous DRAM, SDRAM) , a double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (double data rate SDRAM, DDR SDRAM) , an enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (enhanced SDRAM, ESDRAM) , a synchlink dynamic random access memory (synchlink DRAM, SLDRAM) , and a direct rambus random access memory (direct rambus RAM, DR RAM) .
[0261] It should be noted that when the processor is a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, an FPGA, another programmable logic device, a discrete gate or a transistor logic device, or a discrete hardware component, the memory (storage module) may be integrated into the processor.
[0262] It should be further noted that the memory described in this specification is intended to include, but is not limited to, these memories and any other memory of a suitable type.
[0263] A person of ordinary skill in the art may be aware that, in combination with the examples described in embodiments disclosed in this specification, units and methods may be implemented by electronic hardware or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether the functions are performed by hardware or software depends on particular applications and design constraints of the technical solutions. A person skilled in the art may use different methods to implement the described functions for each particular application, but it should not be considered that the implementation goes beyond the protection scope of this application.
[0264] It may be clearly understood by a person skilled in the art that, for the purpose of convenient and brief description, for a detailed working process of the foregoing apparatus and unit, refer to a corresponding process in the foregoing method embodiment. Details are not described herein again.
[0265] In the several embodiments provided in this application, the disclosed apparatuses and methods may be implemented in other manners. For example, the described apparatus embodiment is merely an example. For example, division into the units is merely logical function division and may be other division in an actual implementation. For example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not performed. In addition, the displayed or discussed mutual couplings or direct couplings or communication connections may be implemented through some interfaces. The indirect couplings or communication connections between the apparatuses or units may be implemented in electronic forms, mechanical forms, or other forms.
[0266] The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one position, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units may be selected based on an actual requirement to implement the solutions provided in this application.
[0267] In addition, function units in embodiments of this application may be integrated into one unit, or each of the units may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
[0268] All or some of the foregoing embodiments may be implemented by using software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When the software is used to implement embodiments, all or a part of embodiments may be implemented in a form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on the computer, the procedures or functions according to embodiments of this application are all or partially generated. The computer may be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or another programmable apparatus. For example, the computer may be a personal computer, a server, a network device, or the like. The computer instructions may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or may be transmitted from a computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium. For example, the computer instructions may be transmitted from a website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center in a wired (for example, a coaxial cable, an optical fiber, or a digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (for example, infrared, radio, and microwave, or the like) manner. The computer-readable storage medium may be any usable medium accessible by the computer, or a data storage device, for example, a server or a data center, integrating one or more usable media. The usable medium may be a magnetic medium (for example, a floppy disk, a hard disk, or a magnetic tape) , an optical medium (for example, a DVD) , a semiconductor medium (for example, an SSD) , or the like. For example, the usable medium may include but is not limited to any medium that can store program code, such as a USB flash drive, a removable hard disk, a ROM, a RAM, a magnetic disk, or an optical disc.
[0269] The foregoing description is merely a specific implementation of this application, but is not intended to limit the protection scope of this application. Any variation or replacement readily figured out by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application shall fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims and the specification.
Claims
1.A communication method, comprising:receiving a signal transmitted on a first beam;receiving first information indicating the first beam is spatially adjacent to one or more second beams; andperforming a beam management procedure based on the first information.2.The method according to claim 1, wherein the first beam is spatially adjacent to the one or more second beams in azimuth and / or elevation.3.The method according to claim 2, wherein the method further comprises:receiving second information indicating the first beam is spatially adjacent to the one or more second beams in azimuth and / or elevation.4.The method according to any one of claims 1-3, whereina distance between coverage areas of the first beam and the one or more second beams is less than a first threshold; and / ora difference between angle of departures (AODs) of the first beam and the one or more second beams is less than a second threshold.5.The method according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the method further comprises:transmitting movement information of a first apparatus that receives the signal, the movement information is used for determining the first information.6.The method according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the beam management procedure includes one or more of: beam sweeping, beam tracking, beam measurement and reporting, beam prediction, beam switching, beam failure detection, and beam failure recovery.7.The method according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the performing beam management procedure based on the first information comprises one or more of the following:performing beam sweeping on the one or more second beams;performing beam measurements on the one or more second beams; anddetermining whether the first beam fails based on measuring the one or more second beams and the first beam.8.The method according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein the first information is carried on a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) and / or control information.9.The method according to any one of claims 1-8, wherein the first information comprises: a first beam index, and / or, one or more second beam indices.10.The method according to any one of claims 1-9, wherein the method further comprises:receiving third information indicating a spatially adjacent level between the first beam and the one or more second beams.11.A communication method, comprising:transmitting a signal on a first beam; andtransmitting first information indicating the first beam is spatially adjacent to one or more second beams, the first information is used for performing a beam management procedure.12.The method according to claim 11, wherein the first beam is spatially adjacent to the one or more second beams in azimuth and / or elevation.13.The method according to claim 12, wherein the method further comprises:transmitting second information indicating the first beam is spatially adjacent to the one or more second beams in azimuth and / or elevation.14.The method according to any one of claims 11-13, whereina distance between coverage areas of the first beam and the one or more second beams is less than a first threshold; and / ora difference between angle of departures (AODs) of the first beam and the one or more second beams is less than a second threshold.15.The method according to any one of claims 11-14, wherein the method further comprises:receiving movement information of a first apparatus that receives the signal, the movement information is used for determining the first information.16.The method according to any one of claims 11-15, wherein the beam management procedure includes one or more of: beam sweeping, beam tracking, beam measurement and reporting, beam prediction, beam switching, beam failure detection, and beam failure recovery.17.The method according to any one of claims 11-16, wherein the first information is carried on a transmission configuration indicator (TCI) and / or control information.18.The method according to any one of claims 11-17, wherein the first information comprises: a first beam index, and / or, one or more second beam indices.19.The method according to any one of claims 11-18, wherein the method further comprises:transmitting third information indicating a spatially adjacent level between the first beam and the one or more second beams.20.A communication method, comprising:transmitting request information, the request information is used for triggering a serving beam tuning; andmeasuring a signal for the serving beam tuning, wherein one or more transmit beams of the signal and / or one or more receive beams of the signal are spatially adjacent to the serving beam.21.The method according to claim 20, wherein the method further comprises:tuning the serving beam based on measurements of the signal.22.The method according to claim 20 or 21, wherein transmitting the request information, comprises:in one or more of the following cases, transmitting the request information:determining a first apparatus moves;determining a second apparatus moves;determining signal quality degrades;wherein the first apparatus and the second are communicate by the serving beam.23.The method according to any one of claims 20-22, wherein the beam tuning is obtained by changing angle of arrival (AOA) and / or angle of departure (AOD) .24.The method according to any one of claims 20-23, wherein the request information is carried on control information.25.The method of according to any one of claims 20-24, wherein the method further comprises:receiving or transmitting the signal for measuring the signal.26.A communication method, comprising:receiving request information, the request information is used for triggering a serving beam tuning; andmeasuring a signal for the serving beam tuning, wherein one or more transmit beams of the signal and / or one or more receive beams of the signal are spatially adjacent to the serving beam.27.The method according to claim 26, wherein the method further comprises:tuning the serving beam based on measurements of the signal.28.The method according to claim 26 or 27, wherein the beam tuning is obtained by changing angle of arrival (AOA) and / or angle of departure (AOD) .29.The method according to any one of claims 26-28, wherein the request information is carried on control information.30.The method of according to any one of claims 26-29, wherein the method further comprises:receiving or transmitting the signal for measuring the signal.31.An apparatus comprising a processor configured to enable the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1-30.32.The apparatus according to claim 31, further comprising a memory for storing processor-executable instructions.33.The apparatus according to claim 31 or 32, further comprising a communication interface configured to input and / or output signals.34.The apparatus according to any one of claims 31-33, wherein the apparatus is a communication device, an integrated circuit, a system-on-chip, a system-in-package, or a multi-chip module.35.A computer readable storage medium comprising one or more instructions, wherein when the instructions are executed by a computer, the computer performs the method of any one of claims 1-30.36.A computer program comprising one or more instructions, wherein when the instructions are executed by a computer, the computer performs the method of any one of claims 1-30.37.A communication system comprising: a first apparatus and a second apparatus, wherein:the first apparatus is configured to perform the method according to any one of claims 1-10, and the second apparatus is configured to perform the method according to any one of claims 11-19; or.the first apparatus is configured to perform the method according to any one of claims 20-25, and the second apparatus is configured to perform the method according to any one of claims 26-30.38.An apparatus for implementing the method according to any one of claims 1-30.